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Adams MS, Mensink RP, Plat J, Joris PJ. Long-term effects of an egg-protein hydrolysate on cognitive performance and brain vascular function: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adults with elevated subjective cognitive failures. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03394-y. [PMID: 38703228 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short-term intake of the egg-protein hydrolysate Newtricious (NWT)-03 improved executive function, but underlying mechanisms and long-term effects, including other cognitive domains, are unknown. METHODS A 36-week randomized controlled trial involving 44 overweight/obese individuals experiencing elevated Subjective Cognitive Failures (SCF; aged 60-75 years) assessed the impact of daily consumption of 5.7 g of NWT-03 or placebo powders on cognitive performance (psychomotor speed, executive function, memory) and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), a marker of brain vascular function. Cognitive performance was evaluated using a neurophysiological test battery (CANTAB) and CBF was measured using magnetic resonance imaging perfusion method Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL). Serum samples were collected to determine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. RESULTS Anthropometrics, and energy and nutrient intakes remained stable throughout the trial. NWT-03 was well tolerated, and compliance was excellent (median: 99%; range: 87-103%). No overall intervention effects were observed on cognitive performance or CBF, but post-hoc analyses revealed significant improvements on executive function in women, but not men. Specifically, a reduction of 74 ms in reaction latency on the multitasking task (95% CI: -134 to -15; p = 0.02), a reduction of 9 between errors (95%CI: -14 to -3; p < 0.001), and a reduction of 9 total errors (95%CI: -15 to -3; p < 0.001) on the spatial working memory task were found in women. No intervention effects were observed on serum BDNF concentrations (p = 0.31). CONCLUSION Long-term consumption of NWT-03 improved multitasking abilities and working memory in women with elevated SCF. Brain vascular function remained unaffected. Sex differences in executive function require additional clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah S Adams
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Pontifex MG, Vauzour D, Muller M. Sexual dimorphism in the context of nutrition and health. Proc Nutr Soc 2024; 83:109-119. [PMID: 37665115 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Diets and dietary constituents that we consume have a considerable impact on disease risk. Intriguingly these effects may be modulated to some extent by sex. Lack of female representation in nutritional studies as well as a lack of stratification by sex has and continues to limit our understanding of these sex × diet interactions. Here we provide an overview of the current and available literature describing how exposure to certain dietary patterns (Western-style diet, Mediterranean diet, vegetarian/vegan, ketogenic diet) and dietary constituents (dietary fibre, PUFA and plant bioactive) influences disease risk in a sex-specific manner. Interestingly, these sex differences appear to be highly disease-specific. The identification of such sex differences in response to diet stresses the importance of sex stratification in nutritional research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Michael Muller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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3
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García-Cordero J, Martinez A, Blanco-Valverde C, Pino A, Puertas-Martín V, San Román R, de Pascual-Teresa S. Regular Consumption of Cocoa and Red Berries as a Strategy to Improve Cardiovascular Biomarkers via Modulation of Microbiota Metabolism in Healthy Aging Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102299. [PMID: 37242181 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins on cardiovascular biomarkers, such as homocysteine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), nitric oxide (NO), flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood pressure and lipid profile. Additionally, we aimed to ascertain their possible interactions with microbiota related metabolites, such as secondary bile acids (SBA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A randomized, parallel-group study, single-blind for the research team, was performed on 60 healthy volunteers between the ages of 45 and 85, who consumed 2.5 g/day of cocoa powder (9.59 mg/day of total flavanols), 5 g/day of a red berry mixture (13.9 mg/day of total anthocyanins) or 7.5 g/day of a combination of both for 12 weeks. The group that had consumed cocoa showed a significant reduction in TMAO (p = 0.03) and uric acid (p = 0.01) levels in serum, accompanied by an increase in FMD values (p = 0.03) and total polyphenols. corrected by creatinine (p = 0.03) after the intervention. These latter values negatively correlated with the TMAO concentration (R = -0.57, p = 0.02). Additionally, we observed an increase in carbohydrate fermentation in the groups that had consumed cocoa (p = 0.04) and red berries (p = 0.04) between the beginning and the end of the intervention. This increase in carbohydrate fermentation was correlated with lower levels of TC/HDL ratio (p = 0.01), systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01). In conclusion, our study showed a positive modulation of microbiota metabolism after a regular intake of cocoa flavanols and red berry anthocyanins that led to an improvement in cardiovascular function, especially in the group that consumed cocoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Cordero
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Martinez
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Blanco-Valverde
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Pino
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Puertas-Martín
- Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Educación, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Photoperiod Conditions Modulate Serum Oxylipins Levels in Healthy and Obese Rats: Impact of Proanthocyanidins and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030707. [PMID: 36771413 PMCID: PMC9920779 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are emerging as a key factor influencing gut microbiota and bioactive compounds functionality as well as several physiological processes such as inflammation. In this regard, their impact on the modulation of oxylipins (OXLs), which are important lipid mediators of inflammatory processes, has not been investigated yet. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiods on OXLs metabolites in healthy and obesogenic conditions. Moreover, we evaluated if the impact of proanthocyanidins and gut microbiota on OXLs metabolism is influenced by photoperiod in obesity. To this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were housed under different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h light, L12: 12 h light or L18:18 h light) and fed either a standard chow diet (STD) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, obese rats were daily administered with an antibiotic cocktail (ABX), an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), or with their combination. CAF feeding and ABX treatment affected OXLs in a photoperiod dependent-manner. GSPE significantly altered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, only under L6 and mitigated ABX-mediated effects only under L18. In conclusion, photoperiods affect OXLs levels influenced by gut microbiota. This is the first time that the effects of photoperiod on OXLs metabolites have been demonstrated.
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Yang C, Han Y, Tian X, Sajid M, Mehmood S, Wang H, Li H. Phenolic composition of grape pomace and its metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4865-4881. [PMID: 36398354 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Grape pomace is the most important residual after wine making, and it is considered to be a very abundant source for the extraction of a wide range of polyphenols. These polyphenols exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. They are also beneficial in alleviating metabolic syndrome and regulating intestinal flora, etc. These health effects are most likely contributed by polyphenol metabolite, which are formed by the grape pomace phenolics after a complex metabolic process in vivo. Therefore, understanding the phenolic composition of grape pomace and its metabolism is the basis for an in-depth study of the biological activity of grape pomace polyphenols. In this paper, we first summarize the composition of phenolics in grape pomace, then review the recent studies on the metabolism of grape pomace phenolics, including changes in phenolics in the gastrointestinal tract, their pharmacokinetics in the systemic circulation, the tissue distribution of phenolic metabolites, and the beneficial effects of metabolites on intestinal health, and finally summarize the effects of human health status and dietary fiber on the metabolism of grape polyphenols. It is expected to provide help for the in-depth research on the metabolism and biological activity of grape pomace polyphenol extracts, and to provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of grape pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulei Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuelin Tian
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Marina Sajid
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
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6
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Arreaza-Gil V, Escobar-Martínez I, Muguerza B, Aragonès G, Suárez M, Torres-Fuentes C, Arola-Arnal A. The effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins in cafeteria diet-induced obese Fischer 344 rats are influenced by faecal microbiota in a photoperiod dependent manner. Food Funct 2022; 13:8363-8374. [PMID: 35916585 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are of high interest due to their beneficial health effects, including anti-obesity properties. The gut microbiota may play an important role in polyphenol-mediated effects as these bacteria are significantly involved in the metabolism of polyphenols. Moreover, seasonal rhythms have been demonstrated to influence both the gut microbiota composition and polyphenol bioavailability. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of photoperiods and microbiota on polyphenol functionality in an obesogenic context. Towards this aim, cafeteria diet-fed Fischer 344 rats were housed under three different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h of light, L12: 12 h of light and L18: 18 h of light) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, rats were daily administered with an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) (25 mg per kg body weight). Additionally, rats treated with GSPE and an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) in their drinking water were included for a better understanding of the gut microbiota role in GSPE functionality. Vehicle and non-ABX treated rats were included as controls. GSPE decreased body weight gain and fat depots only under L18 conditions. Interestingly, the gut microbiota composition was strongly altered in this photoperiod. GSPE + ABX-treated rats gained significantly less body weight compared to the rats of the rest of the treatments under L18 conditions. These results suggest that GSPE functionality is modulated by the gut microbiota in a photoperiod dependent manner. These novel findings corroborate seasonal rhythms as key factors that must be taken into account when investigating the effects of polyphenols in the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Iván Escobar-Martínez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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7
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Intestinal Morphometric Changes Induced by a Western-Style Diet in Wistar Rats and GSPE Counter-Regulatory Effect. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132608. [PMID: 35807788 PMCID: PMC9268310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Western-style diet is an obesogenic diet for rodents and humans due to its content of saturated fat and refined sugars, mainly sucrose and, in consequence, sucrose-derived fructose. This type of diets relates with intestinal disturbances when consumed regularly. The aim of this work was to analyse the adaptive morphologic and functional changes at intestinal level derived from the unhealthy components of a Cafeteria diet in rats. The effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in the prevention of diet-induced intestinal dysfunction was also analysed. Rats were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF) without or with oral-GSPE supplementation, either intermittent GSPE administration (SIT-CAF); last 10-day GSPE supplementation at doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg day (CORR-100) and (CORR-500) or pre-supplementation with 500 mg/kg GSPE (PRE-CAF). GSPE-CAF supplemented groups showed similar results to CAF diet group regarding morphology and inflammatory score in the duodenum. As an adaptive response to diet, CAF increased intestinal absorptive surface (1.24-fold) all along the intestinal tract and specifically in the small intestine, duodenum, due to increase villus height and a higher villus/crypt ratio, in addition to increase in Goblet cell percentage and inflammatory index. Animals fed GSPE at the current doses and times had higher villus heights and absorptive surface similar to Cafeteria diet group. In the duodenum, villus height correlated with body weight at 17 week and negatively with MLCK gene expression. In the colon, villus height correlated with the percentage of goblet cells. In conclusion, the CAF diet produced adaptive modifications of the intestine by increasing the absorptive area of the small intestine, the percentage of goblet cells and the inflammatory index at the duodenal level. GSPE supplementation can partially reverse the intestinal morphological changes induced by the high fat/sucrose diet when administered intermittently.
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8
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Lin KN, Zhao W, Huang SY, Li H. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract induces apoptosis of HL-60/ADR cells via the Bax/Bcl-2 caspase-3/9 signaling pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3939-3947. [PMID: 35116693 PMCID: PMC8797540 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous study detailed the direct induction of apoptosis by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in a multidrug resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60/adriamycin (HL-60/ADR) cell line, although the mechanism of this effect was not detailed. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying GSPE-induced cell apoptosis in HL-60/ADR cells. Methods HL-60/ADR cells were studied to evaluate effects of GSPE (0–100 µg/mL); a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to identify the cytotoxic effect of varying GSPE concentrations. Trypan blue staining was used to observe changes in cell viability; flow cytometry assays were used to verify apoptosis. Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was also detected. Results Here, GSPE was found to inhibit HL-60/ADR cell growth and induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time PCR findings revealed that GSPE concentrations above 75 µg/mL significantly increase expression of Bax mRNA (P<0.001). GSPE concentrations above 25 µg/mL were found to significantly decrease expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (P<0.01), while concentrations above 50 µg/mL were found to significantly increase caspase-3 activity after 6, 12 and 24 h (P<0.01). However, only 100 µg/mL GSPE was found to significantly increase caspase-9 activity (P<0.001 at 6 and 12 h; P<0.05 at 24 h). Conclusions GSPE inhibits the proliferation of HL-60/ADR cells by the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner via the Bax/Bcl-2 caspase-3/9 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Na Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li X, Wei T, Wu M, Chen F, Zhang P, Deng ZY, Luo T. Potential metabolic activities of raspberry ketone. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14018. [PMID: 34913499 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel food and food compounds interventions have attracted a lot of attention nowadays for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Raspberry ketone (RK) is aromatic compound found within red fruits and berries, has been used as an over-the-counter product for weight loss. However, actually, the effect of RK on weight loss is still controversial, and the mechanism is largely unknown. Besides, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of RK on the development of other metabolic diseases. In this review, we comprehensively highlighted the synthesis, bioavailability, and metabolism of RK, and summarized the progress made in our understanding of the potential biological activities of RK, including antiobesity, antidiabetes, cardioprotection, and hepatoprotection, as well as their underlying mechanisms. This paper provides a critical overview about the current findings and proposes the future studies in the area of RK on human health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Raspberry ketone (RK) has been used for weight control for years, but this effect is controversial considering food intake. Additionally, RK is beneficial for T2DM, liver and heart injury. The underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of RK including accelerating fatty acid oxidation, balancing serum glucose level, anti-inflammation, antioxidant process, and so on. In this context, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of RK against many metabolic diseases and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. We hope our work will be helpful for further researches on RK and improve its public recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Teng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Escobar-Martínez I, Arreaza-Gil V, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A, Bravo FI, Torres-Fuentes C, Suárez M. Administration Time Significantly Affects Plasma Bioavailability of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Extract in Healthy and Obese Fischer 344 Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100552. [PMID: 34851030 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules that are associated with several health benefits. Metabolization and absorption are the main determinants of their bioavailability and bioactivity. Thus, the study of the factors that modulate these processes, such as sex or diet is essential. Recently, it has been shown that biological rhythms may also play a key role. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate if the bioavailability of a grape proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is affected by the administration time in an animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS AND RESULTS Female and male Fischer 344 rats are fed either a standard or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks, and an oral dose of GSPE (25 mg kg-1 ) is daily administered either at 8:00 am (zeitgeber time (ZT)-0) or at 8:00 pm (ZT-12) during the last 4 weeks. Plasma phenolic compounds are then quantified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Phase-II and gut microbiota-derived phenolic metabolites are affected by ZT in all conditions or only in obese rats, respectively. CAF feeding affected the bioavailability of phenolic acids and free flavan-3-ols. Differences due to sex are also observed. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that ZT, diet, and sex are key factors influencing phenolic compounds bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Escobar-Martínez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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11
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Mas-Capdevila A, Iglesias-Carres L, Arola-Arnal A, Suárez M, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Changes in arterial blood pressure caused by long-term administration of grape seed proanthocyanidins in rats with established hypertension. Food Funct 2021; 11:8735-8742. [PMID: 32945822 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of hypertension (HTN) in cafeteria (CAF) diet-fed rats was demonstrated to be attenuated after grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) administration. However, the long-term antihypertensive effect of GSPE in animals with established HTN has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate if GSPE shows a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive rats after its administration for 3 weeks. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks, and during the last 3 weeks, animals were administered vehicle, captopril or a low dose of GSPE (25 mg per kg body weight, bw). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were monitored weekly. The liver reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity and endothelial gene expression of eNOS, KLF-2, Sirt-1, NOX4 and ET-1 were studied at the end-point. The results demonstrated that 3 weeks of CAF diet administration with 25 mg per kg bw GSPE significantly reduced SBP and DBP in hypertensive rats. GSPE induced the upregulation of Sirt-1 gene expression and downregulated the vasoconstrictor ET-1, suggesting the vasoprotective effect of GSPE and increased the antioxidant GSH activity. The administration of 25 mg per kg bw GSPE for 3 weeks significantly reduced BP in CAF diet fed animals with established HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francisca I Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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12
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Yuste S, Ludwig IA, Romero M, Piñol‐Felis C, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Valls RM, Fernández‐Castillejo S, Motilva M, Macià A, Rubió L. Metabolic Fate and Cardiometabolic Effects of Phenolic Compounds from Red‐Fleshed Apple in Hypercholesterolemic Rats: A Comparative Study with Common White‐Fleshed Apple. The AppleCOR Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001225. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yuste
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Iziar A. Ludwig
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
| | - María‐Paz Romero
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Carme Piñol‐Felis
- Department of Medicine University of Lleida, Lleida Catalonia Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Fundació Dr. Pifarré IRBLleida, Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Rosa M. Valls
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Sara Fernández‐Castillejo
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
| | - María‐José Motilva
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, Finca “La Grajera” Carretera de Burgos km 6 La Rioja 26007, Logroño Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
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13
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Carecho R, Carregosa D, Dos Santos CN. Low Molecular Weight (poly)Phenol Metabolites Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Underexplored Journey. Brain Plast 2021; 6:193-214. [PMID: 33782650 PMCID: PMC7990460 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The world of (poly)phenols arising from dietary sources has been significantly amplified with the discovery of low molecular weight (LMW) (poly)phenol metabolites resulting from phase I and phase II metabolism and microbiota transformations. These metabolites, which are known to reach human circulation have been studied to further explore their interesting properties, especially regarding neuroprotection. Nevertheless, once in circulation, their distribution to target tissues, such as the brain, relies on their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the most controlled barriers present in humans. This represents a key step of an underexplored journey towards the brain. Present review highlights the main findings related to the ability of LMW (poly)phenol metabolites to reach the brain, considering different studies: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. The mechanisms associated with the transport of these LMW (poly)phenol metabolites across the BBB and possible transporters will be discussed. Overall, the transport of these LMW (poly)phenol metabolites is crucial to elucidate which compounds may exert direct neuroprotective effects, so it is imperative to continue dissecting their potential to cross the BBB and the mechanisms behind their permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
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14
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Martín-González MZ, Palacios-Jordan H, Mas-Capdevila A, Rodríguez MA, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Aragonès G. A multifunctional ingredient for the management of metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:815-824. [PMID: 33399141 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The body weight-lowering properties of a multifunctional ingredient (MIX) based on conjugated linoleic acid at low doses, the flavonoids proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins and the chicken feet hydrolysate Hpp11 have been previously reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of MIX on other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats fed a cafeteria diet (CAF). Male Wistar rats were fed CAF for 11 weeks, and during the last 3 weeks, animals were orally administered MIX or vehicle. Lipid tolerance tests were performed before and after MIX administration. At the end of the experimental period, serum and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) metabolism were analyzed by metabolomics and biochemical approaches. The metabolite signature of serum and iWAT significantly changed after 3 weeks of MIX administration, suggesting an improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis in these animals. In addition, MIX also exhibited significant antihypertensive properties. These results suggest that MIX could be a good candidate to ameliorate the cardiometabolic risk factors related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Z Martín-González
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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15
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Arola-Arnal A, López de Las Hazas MC, Iglesias-Carres L, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Suárez M, Busto R, Visioli F, Bladé C, Dávalos A. Exosomes transport trace amounts of (poly)phenols. Food Funct 2020; 11:7784-7792. [PMID: 32808000 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols have varied biological activities that may account for the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables as part of a healthy diet. Although their cellular absorption and their many mechanisms of action have been partly elucidated, their transport through the systemic circulation, other than their binding to albumin, is poorly described. We aimed at determining whether (poly)phenols can be transported by extracellular vesicles. We supplemented rats with a dietary grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) and we quantified (poly)phenols and their metabolites at 3 and 7 h post-gavage. After quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of circulating aglycones, and microbial-derived, or phase II-derived metabolites we recorded a quantitatively very modest transport of (poly)phenols in plasma exosomes when isolated by commercial ultracentrifugation or precipitation kits. Our data suggest that GSPE-derived (poly)phenols are minimally, if at all, transported by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Kshatriya D, Hao L, Li X, Bello NT. Raspberry Ketone [4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone] Differentially Effects Meal Patterns and Cardiovascular Parameters in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061754. [PMID: 32545402 PMCID: PMC7353175 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raspberry ketone (RK; [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone]) is a popular nutraceutical used for weight management and appetite control. We sought to determine the physiological benefits of RK on the meal patterns and cardiovascular changes associated with an obesogenic diet. In addition, we explored whether the physiological benefits of RK promoted anxiety-related behaviors. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered a daily oral gavage of RK 200 mg/kg, RK 400 mg/kg, or vehicle for 14 days. Commencing with dosing, mice were placed on a high-fat diet (45% fat) or low-fat diet (10% fat). Our results indicated that RK 200 mg/kg had a differential influence on meal patterns in males and females. In contrast, RK 400 mg/kg reduced body weight gain, open-field total distance travelled, hemodynamic measures (i.e., reduced systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and mean BP), and increased nocturnal satiety ratios in males and females. In addition, RK 400 mg/kg increased neural activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract, compared with vehicle. RK actions were not influenced by diet, nor resulted in an anxiety-like phenotype. Our findings suggest that RK has dose-differential feeding and cardiovascular actions, which needs consideration as it is used as a nutraceutical for weight control for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kshatriya
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (D.K.); (X.L.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Xinyi Li
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (D.K.); (X.L.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Nicholas T. Bello
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (D.K.); (X.L.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-932-2966
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17
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Zhao D, Yuan B, Kshatriya D, Polyak A, Simon JE, Bello NT, Wu Q. Influence of Diet-Induced Obesity on the Bioavailability and Metabolism of Raspberry Ketone (4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone) in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900907. [PMID: 32052560 PMCID: PMC7329366 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Raspberry ketone (RK) is the primary aroma compound in red raspberries and a dietary supplement for weight loss. This work aims to 1) compare RK bioavailability in male versus female, normal-weight versus obese mice; 2) characterize RK metabolic pathways. METHODS Study 1: C57BL/6J male and female mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) receive a single oral gavage dose of RK (200 mg kg-1 ). Blood, brain, and white adipose tissue (WAT) are collected over 12 h. Study 2: Male mice are fed a LFD or high-fat diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks before RK dosing. Samples collected are analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for RK and its metabolites. RESULTS RK is rapidly absorbed (Tmax ≈ 15 min), and bioconverted into diverse metabolites in mice. Total bioavailability (AUC0-12 h ) is slightly lower in females than males (566 vs 675 nmol mL-1 min-1 ). Total bioavailability in obese mice is almost doubled that of control mice (1197 vs 679 nmol mL-1 min-1 ), while peaking times and elimination half-lives are delayed. Higher levels of RK and major metabolites are found in WAT of the obese than normal-weight animals. CONCLUSIONS RK is highly bioavailable, rapidly metabolized, and exhibits significantly different pharmacokinetic behaviors between obese and control mice. Lipid-rich tissues, especially WAT, can be a direct target of RK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Zhao
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Andrew Polyak
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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18
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González-Quilen C, Grau-Bové C, Jorba-Martín R, Caro-Tarragó A, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Beltrán-Debón R, Terra X, Blay MT. Protective properties of grape-seed proanthocyanidins in human ex vivo acute colonic dysfunction induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:79-88. [PMID: 32189068 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective properties have been attributed to proanthocyanidins in the context of intestinal dysfunction, however little information is available about the impact of these phytochemicals on intestinal barrier integrity and immune response in the human. Here we assessed the putative protective properties of a grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute dysfunction of the human colon in an Ussing chamber system. METHODS Human proximal and distal colon tissues from colectomized patients were submitted ex vivo for a 30-min preventive GSPE treatment (50 or 200 µg mL-1) followed by 1-h incubation with DSS (12% w v-1). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeation of a fluorescently-labeled dextran (FD4) and proinflammatory cytokine release [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β] of colonic tissues were determined. RESULTS DSS reduced TEER (45-52%) in both the proximal and distal colon; however, significant increments in FD4 permeation (fourfold) and TNF-α release (61%) were observed only in the proximal colon. The preventive GSPE treatment decreased DSS-induced TEER loss (20-32%), FD4 permeation (66-73%) and TNF-α release (22-33%) of the proximal colon dose-dependently. The distal colon was not responsive to the preventive treatment but showed a reduction in IL-1β release below basal levels with the highest GSPE concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate potential preventive effects of GSPE on human colon dysfunction. Further studies are required to test whether administering GSPE could be a complementary therapeutic approach in colonic dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Quilen
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carme Grau-Bové
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba-Martín
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleidis Caro-Tarragó
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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19
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González-Quilen C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT, Terra X. Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E130. [PMID: 31906505 PMCID: PMC7019584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors, including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised (intestinal dysfunction), inflammatory conditions may develop and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich plant products, such as grape seeds, may contribute to maintaining the barrier function and to ameliorating the pathological inflammation present in diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of intestinal dysfunction and in humans, and to provide insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (X.T.)
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20
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
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Iglesias-Carres L, Mas-Capdevila A, Bravo FI, Arola L, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Exposure of Fischer 344 rats to distinct photoperiods influences the bioavailability of red grape polyphenols. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111623. [PMID: 31525717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of grapes, rich in polyphenols, have several health effects. These effects are mainly attributed to the polyphenol metabolites generated after their ingestion. Several factors that affects host's physiology can modulate the bioavailability of grape polyphenols and, in turn, their effects. Mammals undergo physiological and metabolic changes due to the different day length (photoperiod) within a year. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if the bioavailability of phenolic compounds from the same red grapes with a different polyphenol profile (i.e. red grape produced organically (OG) or non-organically (conventional, CG)) differs with the photoperiod exposure. For this, the serum phenolic metabolites of Fischer 344 rats keep at different photoperiods (18, 12 or 6 h of light per day) and administered with OG or CG for 10-week were profiled by HPLC-MS/MS. Our results indicated that rats administered with OG reported a higher total serum metabolite concentration independent of the photoperiod exposure and CG-administered rats showed a more varied serum metabolite profile depending of the photoperiod exposure. Those rats exposed to 6 h of light per day, which emulates winter light conditions, presented a higher bioavailability of grape phenolics. Therefore, grape cultivar and animal photoperiod exposure condition grape phenolics' bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - F Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain; Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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22
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Serrano J, Casanova-Marti À, Lobato M, Terra X, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Proanthocyanidins Limit Adipose Accrual Induced by a Cafeteria Diet, Several Weeks after the End of the Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080598. [PMID: 31398921 PMCID: PMC6723337 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dose of proanthocyanidins with satiating properties proved to be able to limit body weight increase several weeks after administration under exposure to a cafeteria diet. Here we describe some of the molecular targets and the duration of the effects. We treated rats with 500 mg grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)/kg BW for ten days. Seven or seventeen weeks after the last GSPE dose, while animals were on a cafeteria diet, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA of the key energy metabolism enzymes from the liver, adipose depots and muscle. We found that a reduction in the expression of adipose Lpl might explain the lower amount of adipose tissue in rats seven weeks after the last GSPE dose. The liver showed increased expression of Cpt1a and Hmgs2 together with a reduction in Fasn and Dgat2. In addition, muscle showed a higher fatty oxidation (Oxct1 and Cpt1b mRNA). However, after seventeen weeks, there was a completely different gene expression pattern. At the conclusion of the study, seven weeks after the last GSPE administration there was a limitation in adipose accrual that might be mediated by an inhibition of the gene expression of the adipose tissue Lpl. Concomitantly there was an increase in fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngela Casanova-Marti
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Lobato
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n°1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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23
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The Sex-Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071637. [PMID: 31319627 PMCID: PMC6682902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are a wide family of phytochemicals that are characterized by large chemical diversity and are considered to bioactive molecules of foods, beverages, and botanicals. Although they have a multitude of biological actions, their beneficial effects are rarely evidenced in clinical research with high scientific rigor. This may occur due to the presence of numerous confounders, such as the modulation of phenol bioavailability, which can be regulated by microbiota, age, sex-gender. Sex-gender is an important determinant of health and well-being, and has an impact on environmental and occupational risks, access to health care, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes. In addition, xenobiotic responses may be strongly influenced by sex-gender. This review describes how sex–gender differentially influences the activities of phenols also in some critical periods of women life such as pregnancy and lactation, considering also the sex of fetuses and infants. Thus, sex–gender is a variable that must be carefully considered and should be used to propose directions for future research on the road to tailored medicine and nutrition.
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24
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González-Quilen C, Gil-Cardoso K, Ginés I, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Terra X, Blay MT. Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins are Able to Reverse Intestinal Dysfunction and Metabolic Endotoxemia Induced by a Cafeteria Diet in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050979. [PMID: 31035432 PMCID: PMC6567002 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological doses of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in reversing intestinal barrier alterations and local inflammation in female Wistar rats fed a long-term obesogenic diet. Animals were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF diet), supplemented with daily GSPE doses (100 or 500 mg kg−1 body weight) during the final two weeks. CAF diet enhanced the intestinal permeation of an orally administered marker (ovalbumin, OVA) and increased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in 2–3-fold. Ex vivo Ussing chamber assays showed a 55–70% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased the TNF-α secretions in both small and large intestinal sections with a 25-fold increment in the ileum. Ileal tissues also presented a 4-fold increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both GSPE-treatments were able to restitute TEER values in the ileum and colon and to reduce plasma LPS to basal levels without a dose-dependent effect. However, effects on the OVA permeation and TNF-α secretion were dose and section-specific. GSPE also reduced ileal MPO activity and upregulated claudin 1 gene expression. This study provides evidence of the efficacy of GSPE-supplementation ameliorating diet-induced intestinal dysfunction and metabolic endotoxemia when administered at the end of a long-term obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Quilen
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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25
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Terra X, Blay MT, Pérez-Vendrell AM, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Target the Enteroendocrine System in Cafeteria-Diet-Fed Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800912. [PMID: 30980498 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The effects on the enteroendocrine system of three different grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) treatments are analyzed in rats on a cafeteria diet for 17 weeks. METHODS AND RESULTS GSPE is administered in a corrective manner (15 last days of the cafeteria diet) at two doses, 100 and 500 mg GSPE per kg bw. A third, longer treatment in which GSPE (500 mg kg-1 bw) is administered daily every other week during the 17 weeks of the cafeteria diet is also tested. Most GSPE treatments lead to ghrelin accumulation in the stomach, limited CCK secretion in the duodenum, and increased GLP-1 and PYY mRNA in colon. GSPE also increases cecal hypertrophy and reduces butyrate content. When the treatment is administered daily every other week during 17 weeks, there is also an increase in colon size. These effects are accompanied by a reduced food intake at the end of the experiment when GSPE is administered at 500 mg GSPE kg-1 during the last 15 days, but not on the other treatments, despite an observed reduction in body weight in the longer treatment. CONCLUSION GSPE modulates the enteroendocrine system in models in which it also reduces food intake or body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - MTeresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Conterno L, Martinelli F, Tamburini M, Fava F, Mancini A, Sordo M, Pindo M, Martens S, Masuero D, Vrhovsek U, Dal Lago C, Ferrario G, Morandini M, Tuohy K. Measuring the impact of olive pomace enriched biscuits on the gut microbiota and its metabolic activity in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:63-81. [PMID: 29124388 PMCID: PMC6424929 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Olive pomace is a major waste product of olive oil production but remains rich in polyphenols and fibres. We measured the potential of an olive pomace-enriched biscuit formulation delivering 17.1 ± 4.01 mg/100 g of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives, to modulate the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota. METHODS In a double-blind, controlled parallel dietary intervention 62 otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic (total plasma cholesterol 180-240 mg/dl) subjects were randomly assigned to eat 90 g of olive pomace-enriched biscuit (olive-enriched product, OEP) or an isoenergetic control (CTRL) for 8 weeks. Fasted blood samples, 24-h urine and faecal samples were collected before and after dietary intervention for measurement of microbiota, metabolites and clinical parameters. RESULTS Consumption of OEP biscuits did not impact on the diversity of the faecal microbiota and there was no statistically significant effect on CVD markers. A trend towards reduced oxidized LDL cholesterol following OEP ingestion was observed. At the genus level lactobacilli and Ruminococcus were reduced in OEP compared to CTRL biscuits. A trend towards increased bifidobacteria abundance was observed after OEP ingestion in 16S rRNA profiles, by fluorescent in situ hybridization and by qPCR. Targeted LC-MS revealed significant increases phenolic acid concentrations in 24-h urine following OEP ingestion and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid, derivatives of hydroxytyrosol, were elevated in blood. A sex effect was apparent in urine small phenolic acid concentrations, and this sex effect was mirrored by statistically significant differences in relative abundances of faecal bacteria between men and women. CONCLUSION Ingestion of OEP biscuits led to a significant increase in the metabolic output of the gut microbiota with an apparent sex effect possibly linked to differences in microbiota makeup. Increased levels of homovanillic acid and DOPAC, thought to be involved in reducing oxidative LDL cholesterol, were observed upon OEP ingestion. However, OEP did not induce statistically significant changes in either ox-LDL or urinary isoprostane in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Conterno
- OlioCRU s.r.l. Research and Development Group, Via Aldo Moro 1, 38062, Arco, TN, Italy
| | - Francesca Martinelli
- OlioCRU s.r.l. Research and Development Group, Via Aldo Moro 1, 38062, Arco, TN, Italy
| | - Matteo Tamburini
- OlioCRU s.r.l. Research and Development Group, Via Aldo Moro 1, 38062, Arco, TN, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sordo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Genomics and Advanced Biology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudia Dal Lago
- Casa di Cura Eremo di Arco s.r.l., Via XXI Aprile 1, 38062, Arco, TN, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ferrario
- Casa di Cura Eremo di Arco s.r.l., Via XXI Aprile 1, 38062, Arco, TN, Italy
| | - Mario Morandini
- OlioCRU s.r.l. Research and Development Group, Via Aldo Moro 1, 38062, Arco, TN, Italy
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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Gil-Cardoso K, Comitato R, Ginés I, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Virgili F, Terra X, Blay M. Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins in a Rat Model of Mild Intestinal Inflammation and Impaired Intestinal Permeability Induced by LPS. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800720. [PMID: 30656830 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal dysfunction consists of a defective barrier function, which allows the influx of luminal endotoxins, thus causing intestinal inflammation. Proanthocyanidins are natural bioactive compounds that could modulate intestinal dysfunction. This study analyzes the protective effects of proanthocyanidins in a rat model of intestinal dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the preventive effects of both high dietary (75 mg kg-1 body weight) and pharmacological (375 mg kg-1 body weight) oral doses of proanthocyanidins (GSPE), rat intestinal dysfunction is induced with LPS (i.p.). In vivo intestinal permeability (ovalbumin [OVA] assay) and systemic inflammation and endotoxemia (TNF-α and LPS plasma levels) are assessed. Intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress are determined using myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. Ileal gene expression of permeability/inflammatory genes is analyzed. LPS administration induces intestinal permeability, inflammation, and oxidative stress. GSPE normalizes in vivo OVA levels. In the small intestine, the GSPE treatment decreases MPO and COX-2 activities; modulates the ileum inflammatory and permeability proteins gene expression; and in the large intestine, prevents increase of ROS levels. CONCLUSIONS Proanthocyanidins, at nutritional and pharmacological doses, prevents endotoxin-induced-intestinal inflammation, permeability, and oxidative stress in rats differentially in each intestinal section. Proanthocyanidins are nutritional-therapeutic novel candidates for preventing intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Roma, 00178, Italy
| | - Iris Ginés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mayte Blay
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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28
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Zhao D, Simon JE, Wu Q. A critical review on grape polyphenols for neuroprotection: Strategies to enhance bioefficacy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:597-625. [PMID: 30614258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aging of populations worldwide is driving greater demands for dietary polyphenols which have been recognized as promising prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents in the context of neurodegeneration, and are ubiquitously present in plant-based diets. In particular, grape-derived products encompass a wide array of phenolic compounds purported with multiple health benefits including neuroprotective efficacy. Despite the increasing preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating high potential of grape polyphenol (GPP)-rich botanicals in preventing and attenuating diverse neurodegenerative disorders, the limited bioavailability of GPPs, especially in the brain, generates questions as to their applications and effectiveness in neuroprotection. To address this issue, significant research efforts have been made to enhance oral bioavailability of GPPs via application of novel strategies. This review highlights some critical issues related to the bioavailability and neuroprotective efficacy of GPPs and GPP-rich botanicals. The representative bioavailability-enhancing strategies are critically reviewed to provide practical solutions for augmenting the bioefficacy of GPP-rich botanicals. Synergistic applications of encapsulation techniques (for physiochemical protection and bypassing xenobiotic metabolism) and dietary intervention strategies involving modulation of gut microbiota (for generating more bioavailable phenolic metabolites) appear promising, and may substantially enhance the bioefficacy, especially the neuroprotective efficacy, of orally consumed GPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Zhao
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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29
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Tissular Distribution and Metabolism of trans-ε-Viniferin after Intraperitoneal Injection in Rat. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111660. [PMID: 30400351 PMCID: PMC6266173 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies showed that trans-ε-viniferin (ε-viniferin), a trans-resveratrol dehydrodimer, has anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects in rodents. The main purpose of this work was to assess the tissue distribution study of ε-viniferin and its metabolites after intraperitoneal (IP) administration in rat. Methods: After IP injection of 50 mg/kg, ε-viniferin and its metabolites were identified and quantified in plasma, liver, kidneys, adipose tissues, urine, and faeces by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Results: ε-Viniferin underwent a rapid hepatic metabolism mostly to glucuronides but also to a lesser extent to sulphate derivatives. The highest glucuronide concentrations were found in liver followed by plasma and kidneys whereas only traces amounts were found in adipose tissues. In contrast the highest ε-viniferin areas under concentration (AUC) and mean residence times (MRT) values were found in white adipose tissues. Finally, much lower levels of ε-viniferin or its metabolites were found in urine than in faeces, suggesting that biliary excretion is the main elimination pathway. Conclusion: A rapid and large metabolism of ε-viniferin and a high bioaccumulation in white adipose tissues were observed. Thus, these tissues could be a reservoir of the native form of ε-viniferin that could allow its slow release and a sustained presence within the organism.
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Pascual-Serrano A, Bladé C, Suárez M, Arola-Arnal A. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Improve White Adipose Tissue Expansion during Diet-Induced Obesity Development in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092632. [PMID: 30189642 PMCID: PMC6163825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metabolic complications associated with obesity has been correlated with a failure of white adipose tissue (WAT) to expand. Our group has previously reported that a 12-week administration of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) together with an obesogenic diet mitigated the development of cardiometabolic complications in rats. Using the same cohort of animals, we aim to elucidate whether the prevention of cardiometabolic complications by proanthocyanidins is produced by a healthier expansion of visceral WAT and/or an induction of the browning of WAT. For this, adipocyte size and number in retroperitoneal WAT (rWAT) were determined by histological analyses, and the gene expression levels of markers of adipogenesis, browning, and WAT functionality were quantified by RT-qPCR. The long-term administration of GSPE together with an obesogenic diet expanded rWAT via an increase in the adipocyte number and a preventive decrease in the adipocyte size in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, GSPE seems to induce WAT adipogenesis through the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Pparγ) in a Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)-dependent manner. In conclusion, the healthier visceral WAT expansion induced by proanthocyanidins supplementation may explain the improvement in the cardiometabolic risks associated with obesogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Pascual-Serrano
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Effects of an Intermittent Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidin (GSPE) Treatment on a Cafeteria Diet Obesogenic Challenge in Rats. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29518911 PMCID: PMC5872733 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is highly associated with the pathologies included in the concept of the Metabolic Syndrome. Grape-seed proanthocyanins (GSPE) have showed very positive effects against all these metabolic disruptions; however, there is, as yet, no consensus about their effectiveness against an obesogenic challenge, such as a cafeteria diet. We determined the effectiveness of a dose of 500 mg GSPE/kg b.w. (body weight) against the obesogenic effects of a 17-week cafeteria diet, administered as a sub-chronic treatment, 10–15 days before, intermittently and at the end of the diet, in Wistar rats. Body weight, adiposity, indirect calorimetry and plasma parameters were analyzed. GSPE pre-treatment showed a long-lasting effect on body weight and adiposity that was maintained for seven weeks after the last dose. A corrective treatment was administered for the last two weeks of the cafeteria diet intervention; however, it did not effectively correct any of the parameters assessed. The most effective treatment was an intermittent GSPE dosage, administered every second week during the cafeteria diet. This limited body weight gain, adiposity and most lipotoxic effects. Our results support the administration of this GSPE dose, keeping an intermittent interval between dosages longer than every second week, to improve obesogenic disruptions produced by a cafeteria diet.
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Caimari A, Mariné-Casadó R, Boqué N, Crescenti A, Arola L, Del Bas JM. Maternal intake of grape seed procyanidins during lactation induces insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in rat offspring. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12573. [PMID: 28974704 PMCID: PMC5626783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) supplementation in pregnant and lactating rats exerted both healthy and deleterious programming effects on their offspring. Here, we evaluated whether the administration of GSPE during lactation (100 mg.kg−1.day−1) in rats elicited beneficial effects in their normoweight (STD-GSPE group) and cafeteria-fed obese (CAF-GSPE group) adult male offspring. STD-GSPE and CAF-GSPE offspring showed increased energy expenditure and circulating total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin. However, these rats showed hyperinsulinemia, decreased insulin sensitivity, increased insulin resistance, down-regulated mRNA levels of adiponectin receptors in inguinal white adipose tissue (Adipor1 and Adipor2) and soleus muscle (Adipor2), and decreased levels of phosphorylated AMPK, the downstream post-receptor target of adiponectin, in the soleus muscle. These deleterious effects could be related to an increased lipid transfer to the pups through the milk, since GSPE-supplemented dams displayed decreased fat content and increased expression of lipogenic genes in their mammary glands, in addition to increased circulating total adiponectin and non-esterified free fatty acids. In conclusion, maternal intake of GSPE during lactation induced insulin resistance and an adiponectin resistance-like phenotype in their normoweight and obese offspring. These findings raise concerns about the possibility of using GSPE as a nutraceutical supplement during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Caimari
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain. .,Nutrition and Health Research Group, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain.
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition and Health Research Group, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition and Health Research Group, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Del Bas
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain.,Nutrition and Health Research Group, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
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Novotny JA, Chen TY, Terekhov AI, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ, Ho L, Pasinetti GM, Ferruzzi MG. The effect of obesity and repeated exposure on pharmacokinetic response to grape polyphenols in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28654207 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Evidence suggests that dietary pattern may affect polyphenol absorption and/or metabolism. Further, obesity is associated with lower circulating nutrients, though the reason is unclear. We investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) response of polyphenols in obese/overweight versus lean individuals before and after repeated dosing of grape polyphenols. METHODS AND RESULTS A pilot study was conducted in which PK challenges were administered before and after 10 days of repeated dosing with polyphenols. Volunteers (6 lean, 6 overweight/obese) consumed resveratrol, grape seed extract, and grape juice (2125 mg total polyphenols) daily. On days 1 and 11, blood samples were collected for 6 h after the polyphenol dose and analyzed for deconjugated catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, and quercetin. Area under the plasma polyphenol mass by time curves (AUCs) were greater for catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin on day 11 versus day 1 for low BMI individuals (p = 0.039) but not high BMI individuals. Further, AUCs were greater for epicatechin and resveratrol for low versus high BMI individuals (p = 0.041), with a similar trend for catechin (p = 0.065), on day 11 but not day 1. CONCLUSION These results suggest that that obesity and repeated exposure may modify polyphenol absorption and/or metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Novotny
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 307B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anton I Terekhov
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 307B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - David J Baer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 307B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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Gessner DK, Ringseis R, Eder K. Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:605-628. [PMID: 27456323 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact that conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly relevant in farm animals, polyphenols are considered as promising feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals. However, in contrast to many studies existing with model animals and humans, potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of polyphenols have been less investigated in farm animals so far. This review aims to give an overview about potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in farm animals. The first part of the review highlights the occurrence and the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation on animal health and performance. The second part of the review deals with bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols in farm animals. The third and main part of the review presents an overview of the findings from studies which investigated the effects of polyphenols of various plant sources in pigs, poultry and cattle, with particular consideration of effects on the antioxidant system and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - R Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Flavanol plasma bioavailability is affected by metabolic syndrome in rats. Food Chem 2017; 231:287-294. [PMID: 28450008 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavanols, which exert several health benefits, are metabolized after ingestion. Factors such as the host physiological condition could affect the metabolism and bioavailability of flavanols, influencing their bioactivities. This study aimed to qualitatively evaluate whether a pathological state influenced flavanol plasma bioavailability. Standard and cafeteria (CAF) diet fed rats, a robust model of metabolic syndrome (MeS), were administered 1000mg/kg of flavanol enriched grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE). Flavanols and their metabolites were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS in plasma before and at 2, 4, 7, 24, and 48h after GSPE ingestion. Results showed that in CAF administered rats the maximum time of plasma flavanol concentration was delayed and these animals presented higher levels of plasma phase-II metabolites as well as altered microbial metabolites. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MeS pathological state modified flavanol bioavailability, supporting the hypothesis that flavanol metabolism, and therefore flavanol functionality, depend on the organism's state of health.
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Chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuates the development of hypertension and improves other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:200-208. [PMID: 28162106 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of grape-seed polyphenols against the development of hypertension and other cardiometabolic conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, known as the cafeteria (CAF) diet. Two groups of Wistar rats were fed standard (STD) or CAF diets for 12 weeks. The CAF diet-fed rats were administered different doses of a low-molecular-weight grape-seed polyphenol extract (LM-GSPE) (25, 100 and 200 mg/kg per d) or vehicle daily, and the STD diet-fed rats were administered LM-GSPE (100 mg/kg per d) or vehicle using ten animals per group. Body weight (BW), waist perimeter (WP) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) by the tail-cuff method were recorded weekly. The animals were housed in metabolic chambers every 2 weeks to estimate daily food and liquid intakes and to collect faeces and urine samples. The plasma lipid profile was analysed at time 0 and on the 4th, 7th, 10th and 12th weeks of the experiment. Moreover, plasma leptin was measured at the end of the experiment. Results demonstrated that LM-GSPE, when administered with the CAF diet, attenuated the increase in BP, BW, WP and improved lipid metabolism in these animals. However, although the 25- and 100-mg/kg per d doses were sufficient to produce beneficial effects on BP and lipid metabolism, a 200-mg/kg per d dose was necessary to have an effect on BW and WP. The present findings suggest that LM-GSPE is a good candidate for a BP-lowering agent that can also ameliorate other conditions associated with the MetS.
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Carey AN, Galli RL. Mitigating the effects of high fat diet on the brain and behavior with berry supplementation. Food Funct 2017; 8:3869-3878. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00888k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berries are rich in bioactive compounds like anthocyanins and show promise for mitigating the effects of high fat diet on the brain and behavior.
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Margalef M, Pons Z, Iglesias-Carres L, Quiñones M, Bravo FI, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B. Rat health status affects bioavailability, target tissue levels, and bioactivity of grape seed flavanols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Margalef
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); TECNIO, CEICS; Reus Spain
| | - Zara Pons
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Department of Physiology; CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); TECNIO, CEICS; Reus Spain
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Recommendations for Development of Botanical Polyphenols as "Natural Drugs" for Promotion of Resilience Against Stress-Induced Depression and Cognitive Impairment. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:487-95. [PMID: 27342633 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence has demonstrated that psychological stress has detrimental effects on psychological health, cognitive function, and ultimately well-being. While stressful events are a significant cause of psychopathology, most individuals exposed to adversity maintain normal psychological functioning. The mechanisms underlying such resilience are poorly understood, and there is an urgent need to identify and target these mechanisms to promote resilience under stressful events. Botanicals have been used throughout history to treat various medical conditions; however, the development of botanical compounds into potential preventative and therapeutic agents in studies promoting brain health is hindered by the fact that most orally consumed botanicals are extensively metabolized during absorption and/or by post-absorptive xenobiotic metabolism. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to provide recommendations for developing natural compounds as novel therapeutic strategies to promote resilience in susceptible subjects. The development of botanical polyphenols to ultimately attenuate mood disorders and cognitive impairment will rely on understanding (1) the absorption and bioavailability of botanical polyphenols with emphasis on flavan-3-ols, (2) the characterization of tissue-specific accumulation of biologically available polyphenols and their mechanisms of action in the brain, and eventually (3) the characterization of biologically available polyphenol metabolites in mechanisms associated with the promotion of resilience against mood disorders and cognitive impairment in response to stress. We also summarize exciting new lines of investigation about the role of botanicals such as polyphenols in the promotion of cognitive and psychological resilience. This information will provide a strategical framework for the future development of botanicals as therapeutic agents to promote resilience, ultimately preventing and/or therapeutically treating cognitive impairment and psychological dysfunction.
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