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Mazumder K, Aktar A, Kerr PG, Dash R, Blanchard CL, Gulzarul Aziz M, Farahnaky A. Insights into seed coats of nine cultivars of Australian lupin: Unravelling LC-QTOF MS-based biochemical profiles, nutritional, functional, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties together with rationalizing antidiabetic mechanism by in silico approaches. Food Res Int 2024; 195:114970. [PMID: 39277267 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Lupins, and other legumes, have attained international interest due to their reported remarkable health benefits. Currently, the seed coats are discarded as waste or animal feed. The research presented here summarizes the potential for incorporating the seed coats into 'whole grain' foods. We aimed to identify metabolites found in the seed coats of nine commercial Australian cultivars of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus species), and to evaluate and compare their functional, nutritional, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties, along with in silico exploration of mechanisms of action for selected identified secondary metabolites. The seed coats were found to contain 79 to 90% dietary fibers and substantial quantity of essential macrometals. LC-QTOF MS-based, untargeted bioactive metabolite profiling explored a total of 673 chemical entities, and identified 63 bioactive secondary metabolites including: biophenols, unsaturated fatty acids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and dietary prebiotics (insoluble fibers). The seed coats from these nine cultivars show substantial antioxidant activity. The cultivars of L. angustifolius inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase significantly in vitro. Moreover, in silico docking and dynamic simulation along with ADME/T analysis suggest that quercetin 3-methyl ether and 8-C-methylquercetin 3-methyl ether as molecules, novel in lupin seed coats, are responsible for the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The findings indicated that lupin seed coats might be beneficial food components, rather than be discarded as 'mill waste'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Jashore, Bangladesh; School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408 Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Philip G Kerr
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Mohammad Gulzarul Aziz
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Asgar Farahnaky
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia
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Wang R, Pan Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Ni J, Ding Y, Wang S, Yin J, Ding L, Ran X, Fan S, Sun Q, Tan SY, Koeffler HP, Li J, Mi Y, Chen YQ. Prebiotic stachyose inhibits PRDX5 activity and castration-resistant prostate cancer development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134844. [PMID: 39168191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Stachyose (STA) is a prebiotic with poor oral bioavailability. In this study, we developed stachyose caproate (C6-STA), as a novel STA derivative, to demonstrate its high adsorption rate via oral administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that after absorption, the STA derived from C6-STA reaches its highest peak in the blood, liver, and kidney at 20 min, 30 min, and 12-24 h, with approximate levels of 1200 μg/mL, 0.14 μg/mL, and 0.2-0.3 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the accumulation of STA in prostate tissues of mice with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (1.75 μg/mg) is 10-fold higher than that in normal prostate tissues (0.14 μg/mg). The analysis also reveals that C6-STA has t1/2 of 12.8 h and Tmax of 0.25 h, indicating that it has the potential to be used as a promising drug in clinical practice. The toxicological evaluation shows no obvious side effects of C6-STA in mice administered with a 0.2 g/kg intragastric dose. Pharmacodynamic analysis and mechanism investigation of C6-STA show its ability to inhibit peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) enzyme activity, disrupt PRDX5-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) interaction, and decrease NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) levels. NQO1 decrease further causes the accumulation of quinone radicals, which ultimately leads to the apoptosis of LNCaP cell-derived drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells and slows CRPC progression. Our study discovered the anti-tumor activity of stachyose and shows that prebiotics have biological functions in vivo besides in the gut. Further investigation of C6-STA, especially in CRPC patients, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- MOE Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Pan
- MOE Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- MOE Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiang Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Series, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology & School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuebin Ran
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuangyi Fan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiaoyang Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, CA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jie Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- MOE Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Sun W, Mei X, Wang J, Mai Z, Xu D. Zn(II)-curcumin prevents cadmium-aggravated diabetic nephropathy by regulating gut microbiota and zinc homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411230. [PMID: 38903987 PMCID: PMC11188322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is known as the most common complication of diabetes, resulting from a complex inheritance-environment interaction without effective clinical treatments. Herein, we revealed the protective effects and mechanisms of Zn(II)-curcumin, a curcumin derivative, against streptozotocin-induced DN in rats in the presence or absence of cadmium exposure. Methods: The present study focused on investigating the therapy of Zn(II)-curcumin against cadmium-aggravated DN by regulating gut microbiota, metabolism, inflammation and zinc homeostasis based on pathological changes, TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Results: We found Zn(II)-curcumin significantly mitigated the cadmium-aggravated phenotypes of diabetic nephropathy, as indicated by the remission of renal dysfunction, pathological changes, inflammation and zinc dyshomeostasis in streptozotocin-treated rats exposed to cadmium. Administration of Zn(II)-curcumin significantly alleviated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the changes of serum metabolite profiles in rats treated with streptozotocin in combination with cadmium. Notably, fecal microbial transplantation identified the ability of Zn(II)-curcumin to regulate renal function, inflammation and zinc homeostasis was partly dependent on the gut microbiota. Conclusion: These findings revealed that Zn(II)-curcumin alleviated cadmium-aggravated diabetic nephropathy by reshaping the gut microbiota and zinc homeostasis, which provided unique insights into the mechanisms of the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Mei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Mai
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zimmermann P, Pittet LF, Jakob W, Messina NL, Falquet L, Curtis N. The Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates From the MIS BAIR Trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:378-389. [PMID: 38145402 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The early-life intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the development and regulation of the immune system. It is unknown whether the administration of vaccines influences the composition of the intestinal microbiome. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine given in the first few days of life influences the abundance of bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways in the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age. METHODS Healthy, term-born neonates were randomized at birth to receive BCG or no vaccine within the first few days of life. Stool samples were collected at 1 week of age from 335 neonates and analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and functional analyses. RESULTS The composition of the intestinal microbiome was different between neonates born by cesarean section (CS) and those born vaginally. Differences in the composition between BCG-vaccinated and BCG-naïve neonates were only minimal. CS-born BCG-vaccinated neonates had a higher abundance of Staphylococcus lugdunensis compared with CS-born BCG-naïve neonates. The latter had a higher abundance of Streptococcus infantis and Trabulsiella guamensis . Vaginally-born BCG-vaccinated neonates had a higher abundance of Clostridiaceae and Streptococcus parasanguinis compared with vaginally-born BCG-naïve neonates, and a lower abundance of Veillonella atypica and Butyricimonas faecalis. Metabolic pathways that were differently abundant between BCG-vaccinated and BCG-naïve neonates were mainly those involved in sugar degradation and nucleotide/nucleoside biosynthesis. CONCLUSION BCG given in the first few days of life has little effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age but does influence the abundance of certain metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- From the Department for Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laure F Pittet
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William Jakob
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Ma X, Qiu Y, Mao M, Lu B, Zhao H, Pang Z, Li S. PuRenDan alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117627. [PMID: 38147943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE PuRenDan (PRD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula comprising five herbs that have been traditionally used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While PRD has been shown to be effective in treating T2DM in clinical and animal studies, the mechanisms by which it works on the gut microbiome and metabolites related to T2DM are not well understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to partially elucidate the mechanism of PRD in treating T2DM through analyses of the gut microbiota metagenome and metabolome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-fat diets (HFDs) and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) to replicate T2DM models. Then the therapeutic effects of PRD were evaluated by measuring clinical markers such as blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR), lipid metabolism biomarkers (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, non-esterified fatty acids, and triglycerides), and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 [IL-6], interferon gamma, and IL-1β). Colon contents were collected, and metagenomics, combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolic profiling, was performed to evaluate the effects of T2DM and PRD on gut microbiota and its metabolites in rats. Spearman analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficient among different microbiota, clinical indices, and metabolites. RESULTS PRD exhibited significant improvement in blood glucose and IR, and reduced serum levels of lipid metabolism biomarkers and inflammatory factors. Moreover, the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota undergo significant changes in rats with T2DM that PRD was able to reverse. The gut microbiota associated with T2DM including Rickettsiaceae bacterium 4572_127, Psychrobacter pasteurii, Parabacteroides sp. CAG409, and Paludibacter propionicigenes were identified. The gut microbiota most closely related to PRD were Prevotella sp. 10(H), Parabacteroides sp. SN4, Flavobacteriales bacterium, Bacteroides massiliensis, Alistipes indistinctus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Additionally, PRD regulated the levels of gut microbiota metabolites including pantothenic acid, 1-Methylhistamine, and 1-Methylhistidine; these affected metabolites were involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Correlation analysis illustrated a close relationship among gut microbiota, its metabolites, and T2DM-related indexes. CONCLUSION Our study provides insights into the gut microbiota and its metabolites of PRD therapy for T2DM. It clarifies the role of gut microbiota and the metabolites in the pathogenesis of T2DM, highlighting the potential of PRD for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Minghui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Binan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Huanhu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Zongran Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Shuchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Cheng J, Li J, Xiong RG, Wu SX, Xu XY, Tang GY, Huang SY, Zhou DD, Li HB, Feng Y, Gan RY. Effects and mechanisms of anti-diabetic dietary natural products: an updated review. Food Funct 2024; 15:1758-1778. [PMID: 38240135 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global public health issue, characterized by an abnormal level of blood glucose. It can be classified into type 1, type 2, gestational, and other rare diabetes. Recent studies have reported that many dietary natural products exhibit anti-diabetic activity. In this narrative review, the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary natural products on diabetes are summarized based on the results from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies. Some fruits (e.g., grape, blueberry, and cherry), vegetables (e.g., bitter melon and Lycium barbarum leaves), grains (e.g., oat, rye, and brown rice), legumes (e.g., soybean and black bean), spices (e.g., cinnamon and turmeric) and medicinal herbs (e.g., Aloe vera leaf and Nigella sativa), and vitamin C and carotenoids could play important roles in the prevention and management of diabetes. Their underlying mechanisms include exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycation effects, inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, enhancing insulin action, alleviating insulin resistance, modulating the gut microbiota, and so on. This review can provide people with a comprehensive knowledge of anti-diabetic dietary natural products, and support their further development into functional food to prevent and manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ruo-Gu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
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Liu Y, Gong Y, Li M, Li J. Quercetin protects against hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy in Sprague Dawley rats by regulating the gut-retina axis and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 pathway. Nutr Res 2024; 122:55-67. [PMID: 38185061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-related retinopathy is a disease with a high blindness rate. Recent reports indicate that many flavonol compounds have the potential to prevent the occurrence of disease in the retina by regulating the gut-retina axis. Here, we hypothesized that quercetin could alleviate the symptoms of retinopathy. To clarify the mechanism, Sprague Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet containing quercetin for 12 weeks and injected with streptozotocin in the ninth week. Additionally, neomycin and ampicillin were used to establish a pseudo-sterile rat model. Afterward, changes in the retina were investigated by using electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography. Blood and tissue samples were collected and biochemical components were analyzed. The extent of intestinal injury was determined via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Microbial community structure was analyzed by using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Finally, the expression of genes was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that quercetin reduced the decline in electroretinography amplitude and outer nuclear layer thickness, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the contents of proinflammatory factors and blood glucose, enhanced the concentration of insulin, and inhibited intestinal dysbiosis and improved gut morphology. Importantly, the underexpression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 in the retina was reversed by quercetin. However, trend changes were no longer significant in most of the indicators after antibiotic treatment. In summary, quercetin has therapeutic effects on retinopathy by regulating the gut-retina axis and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 pathway, and the presence of gut microbiota helps quercetin exert its effects on the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yibo Gong
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Mengting Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Jia J, Chen J, Wang G, Li M, Zheng Q, Li D. Progress of research into the pharmacological effect and clinical application of the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmanniae Radix. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115809. [PMID: 37907043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Rehmanniae Radix (RR) refers to the fresh or dried root tuber of the plant Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch of the family Scrophulariaceae. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it possesses multiple effects, including analgesia, sedation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation, and nerve damage repair, and it has been widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, scientists have extensively studied the active components and pharmacological effects of RR. Active ingredients mainly include iridoid glycosides (such as catalpol and aucuboside), phenylpropanoid glycosides (such as acteoside), other saccharides, and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the Chinese patent medicine (CPM) and Chinese decoction related to RR have also become major research subjects for TCM practitioners; one example is the Bolus of Six Drugs, which includes Rehmannia, Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction, and Siwu Decoction. This article reviews recent literature on RR; summarizes the studies on its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications; and analyzes the progress and limitations of current investigations to provide reference for further exploration and development of RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Jia
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minjing Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang, PR China.
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Zhang W, Cui N, Su F, Sun Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Zeng Y, Guan W, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Therapeutic impact of stachyose on hyperlipidaemia caused by a high-fat diet in mice as revealed by gut microbiota and metabolomics. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100638. [PMID: 38045511 PMCID: PMC10692757 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia, which is characterized by an excess of lipids or fats in the bloodstream, is a high-risk factor and critical indicator of many metabolic diseases. This study used 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics to determine that stachyose (ST) has a therapeutic effect and is a mechanism of hyperlipidaemia. These results show that ST significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced weight gain and fat deposition while also adjusting the gut microbial composition. Untargeted serum metabolomics identified 12 biomarkers, which suggests that ST may function by regulating metabolic pathways. These results highlight the potential of ST in treating hyperlipidaemia and provides directions for future research including an in-depth investigation of the bioactive components, dosage, and treatment strategies of ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Na Cui
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fazhi Su
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuanning Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica (Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Chinese Materia Medica), Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica (Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, School of Chinese Materia Medica), Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
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10
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Wang C, Bai J, Wang B, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Suo H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Stachyose modulates gut microbiota and alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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11
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Zhao T, Ying P, Zhang Y, Chen H, Yang X. Research Advances in the High-Value Utilization of Peanut Meal Resources and Its Hydrolysates: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6862. [PMID: 37836705 PMCID: PMC10574612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut meal (PM) is a by-product of extracting oil from peanut kernels. Although peanut meal contains protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and small amounts of polyphenols and fiber, it has long been used as a feed in the poultry and livestock industries due to its coarse texture and unpleasant taste. It is less commonly utilized in the food processing industry. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research conducted on the deep processing of by-products from oil crops, resulting in the high-value processing and utilization of by-products from various oil crops. These include peanut meal, which undergoes treatments such as enzymatic hydrolysis in industries like food, chemical, and aquaculture. The proteins, lipids, polyphenols, fibers, and other components present in these by-products and hydrolysates can be incorporated into products for further utilization. This review focuses on the research progress in various fields, such as the food processing, breeding, and industrial fields, regarding the high-value utilization of peanut meal and its hydrolysates. The aim is to provide valuable insights and strategies for maximizing the utilization of peanut meal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Peifei Ying
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (P.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Yahan Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (P.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Hanyu Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (P.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
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12
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Zhao K, Pang H, Shao K, Yang Z, Li S, He N. The function of human milk oligosaccharides and their substitute oligosaccharides as probiotics in gut inflammation. Food Funct 2023; 14:7780-7798. [PMID: 37575049 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut inflammation seriously affects the healthy life of patients, and has a trend of increasing incidence rate. However, the current methods for treating gut inflammation are limited to surgery and drugs, which can cause irreversible damage to patients, especially infants. As natural oligosaccharides in human breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) function as probiotics in treating and preventing gut inflammation: improving the abundance of the gut microbiota, increasing the gut barrier function, and reducing the gut inflammatory reaction. Meanwhile, due to the complexity and high cost of their synthesis, people are searching for functional oligosaccharides that can replace HMOs as a food additive in infants milk powder and adjuvant therapy for chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the therapeutic and preventive effects of HMOs and their substitute functional oligosaccharides as probiotics in gut inflammation, and to summarize the prospect of their application in infant breast milk replacement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Kaidi Shao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zizhen Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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13
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Petakh P, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi A. The F/B ratio as a biomarker for inflammation in COVID-19 and T2D: Impact of metformin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114892. [PMID: 37196542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the intricate relationship between gut microbiome and overall health. Recent studies have shown that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiome may be linked to various diseases including COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the link between gut microbiome and these diseases is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment. In this study, 115 participants were recruited and divided into three groups: 1st group: T2D patients and healthy controls, 2nd group: COVID-19 patients with and without T2D, 3rd group: T2D patients with COVID-19 treated with or without metformin. Gut microbial composition at the phylum level was assessed using qRT-PCR with universal primers targeting the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene and specific primers for Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The study found that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was higher in patients with both T2D and COVID-19 compared to those with only T2D or COVID-19. Additionally, the F/B ratio was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) in T2D and COVID-19 patients. The study also suggests that metformin treatment may affect this correlation. Logistic regression analysis showed that the F/B ratio was significantly associated with CRP. These findings suggest that the F/B ratio may be a potential biomarker for inflammation in T2D and COVID-19 patients and metformin treatment may have an effect on the correlation between F/B and CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine; Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (Klinmed), University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
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14
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Hussein A, Ghonimy A, Jiang H, Qin G, El‐Ashram S, Hussein S, Abd El‐Razek I, El‐Afifi T, Farouk MH. LC/MS analysis of mushrooms provided new insights into dietary management of diabetes mellitus in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2321-2335. [PMID: 37181306 PMCID: PMC10171545 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms possess antihyperglycemic effect on diabetic individuals due to their nonfibrous and fibrous bioactive compounds. This study aimed to reveal the effect of different types of mushrooms on plasma glucose level and gut microbiota composition in diabetic individuals. The effects of five different mushroom species (Ganoderma lucidum, GLM; Pleurotus ostreatus, POM; Pleurotus citrinopileatus, PCM; Lentinus edodes, LEM; or Hypsizigus marmoreus, HMM) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study. The results indicated that LEM and HMM treatments showed lower plasma glucose levels. For the microbiota composition, ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were significantly affected by PCM and LEM treatments (p < .05), while ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were affected by HMM treatment (p < .01). Simpson index was affected in positive control (C+) and POM groups. All these four indices were lower in GLM treatment (p < .05). Dietary supplementation of mushrooms reduced plasma glucose level directly through mushrooms' bioactive compounds (agmatine, sphingosine, pyridoxine, linolenic, and alanine) and indirectly through stachyose (oligosaccharide) and gut microbiota modulation. In conclusion, LEM and HMM can be used as food additives to improve plasma glucose level and gut microbiome composition in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Hussein
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Regional Center for Food and FeedAgricultural Research CenterGizaEgypt
| | - Abdallah Ghonimy
- Fish Farming and Technology InstituteSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Hailong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Saeed El‐Ashram
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanChina
- Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El‐SheikhEgypt
| | - Saddam Hussein
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ibrahim Abd El‐Razek
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El‐SheikhEgypt
| | - Tarek El‐Afifi
- Regional Center for Food and FeedAgricultural Research CenterGizaEgypt
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15
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Wang R, Yang X, Jiang Q, Chen L, Gu S, Shen G, Liu S, Xiang X. Effect of mussel polysaccharide on glucolipid metabolism and intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3353-3366. [PMID: 36750436 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is a major metabolic disease, and its incidence and lethality have increased significantly in recent years, making it a serious threat to human health. Among numerous previous studies, polysaccharides have been shown to alleviate the adverse effects of T2D, but there are still problems such as insufficient analysis and poor understanding of the mechanisms by which polysaccharides, especially those of marine origin, regulate T2D. METHODS In this study, we used multiple allosteric approaches to further investigate the regulatory effects of mussel polysaccharides (MPs) on T2D and gut microbiota disorders in mice by identifying changes in genes, proteins, metabolites and target organs associated with glucolipid metabolism using an animal model of T2D fed with high-fat diets, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS After MP intervention, serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were up-regulated, and blood glucose and lipid levels were effectively reduced in T2D mice. Activation of signaling molecules related to the upstream and downstream of the insulin PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reduced hepatic insulin resistance. The relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (including Akkermansia, Siraeum Eubacterium and Allobaculum) increased and harmful desulfurizing Vibrio decreased. In addition, the levels of SCFAs were increased. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MP can increase SCFA levels by altering the abundance of intestinal flora, thereby activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and exerting hypoglycemic effects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingwen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qihong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Saiqi Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingwei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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16
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Yan T, Liu T, Shi L, Yan L, Li Z, Zhang X, Dai X, Sun X, Yang X. Integration of microbial metabolomics and microbiomics uncovers a novel mechanism underlying the antidiabetic property of stachyose. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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17
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Zhao J, Yao Y, Dong M, Xiao H, Xiong Y, Yang S, Li D, Xie M, Ni Q, Zhang M, Xu H. Diet and high altitude strongly drive convergent adaptation of gut microbiota in wild macaques, humans, and dogs to high altitude environments. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1067240. [PMID: 36910187 PMCID: PMC9995840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1067240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal gut microbiota plays an indispensable role in host adaptation to different altitude environments. At present, little is known about the mechanism of animal gut microbiota in host adaptation to high altitude environments. Here, we selected wild macaques, humans, and dogs with different levels of kinship and intimate relationships in high altitude and low altitude environments, and analyzed the response of their gut microbiota to the host diet and altitude environments. Alpha diversity analysis found that at high altitude, the gut microbiota diversity of wild macaques with more complex diet in the wild environments is much higher than that of humans and dogs with simpler diet (p < 0.05), and beta diversity analysis found that the UniFrac distance between humans and dogs was significantly lower than between humans and macaques (p < 0.05), indicating that diet strongly drive the convergence of gut microbiota among species. Meanwhile, alpha diversity analysis found that among three subjects, the gut microbiota diversity of high altitude population is higher than that of low altitude population (ACE index in three species, Shannon index in dog and macaque and Simpson index in dog, p < 0.05), and beta diversity analysis found that the UniFrac distances among the three subjects in the high altitude environments were significantly lower than in the low altitude environments (p < 0.05). Additionally, core shared ASVs analysis found that among three subjects, the number of core microbiota in high altitude environments is higher than in low altitude environments, up to 5.34 times (1,105/207), and the proportion and relative abundance of the core bacteria types in each species were significantly higher in high altitude environments than in low altitude environments (p < 0.05). The results showed that high altitude environments played an important role in driving the convergence of gut microbiota among species. Furthermore, the neutral community model trial found that the gut microbiota of the three subjects was dispersed much more at high altitude than at low altitude, implying that the gut microbiota convergence of animals at high altitudes may be partly due to the microbial transmission between hosts mediated by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Xie
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qingyong Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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18
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Zhang X, Guo F, Cao D, Yan Y, Zhang N, Zhang K, Li X, Kumar P, Zhang X. Neuroprotective Effect of Ponicidin Alleviating the Diabetic Cognitive Impairment: Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:735-752. [PMID: 36155887 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, which is caused by constitutive hyperglycaemia. Ponicidin is a diterpenoid isolated from a Chinese traditional herb (Rabdosia rubescens) and demonstrates the various pharmacological effects. The goal of this study was to scrutinise the neuroprotective effect of ponicidin against diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Intraperitoneal administration of STZ (55 mg/kg) was used for the induction of diabetes and rats were received oral administration of ponicidin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) until 28 days. The body weight, food intake, water intake and blood glucose level were assessed at regular time interval. Plasma insulin level, antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis marker and faecal gut microbiota compositions were estimated. DN-induced group rats revealed the augmented glucose level, water intake, food intake and reduced body weight. Ponicidin significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the glucose level and water food intake and improved the body weight and plasma insulin. Ponicidin significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and boosted the level of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and serum level. Ponicidin significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and enhanced the level of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the brain and serum level. DN group rats exhibited the enhanced relative abundance of Firmicutes, along with enhancing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and repressing the Bacteroidetes relative abundance. Ponicidin effectually restored the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus genera. Our findings clearly demonstrated that ponicidin has a neuroprotective effect against diabetic cognitive impairment through modulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Guo
- People's Hospital of Lvliang, Shanxi, 033000, China
| | - Dujuan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | | | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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19
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Li Z, Huang Q, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Shi W, Zeng Z. Kaempferitrin: A Flavonoid Marker to Distinguish Camellia oleifera Honey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020435. [PMID: 36678306 PMCID: PMC9867482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
C. oleifera is an economically important oilseed crop and medical plant. However, as a characteristic honey resource, the standard protocol used to identify the composition of C. oleifera honey has not been established yet. Previously, distinctive flavonoid has been shown as an effective marker to trace the botanical origin of honey. In this study, we examined the flavonoid types in C. oleifera honey and nine other monofloral honeys by using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared the differences and identified eight distinct flavonoids in C. oleifera honey. Then, comparing the 8 flavonoids with the 14 flavonoids common to C. oleifera honey and nectar, two distinct flavonoids were identified in C. oleifera honey and nectar. Finally, we identified kaempferitrin as the distinct flavonoid marker in C. oleifera honey using the degree of influence of the partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model on C. oleifera honey and ployfloral honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenkai Shi
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhijiang Zeng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8381-3998
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Guo Y, Song L, Huang Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Ren Z. Latilactobacillus sakei Furu2019 and stachyose as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics alleviate constipation in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1039403. [PMID: 36687730 PMCID: PMC9849682 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1039403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common disorder in the digestive system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stachyose (ST) and Latilactobacillus sakei Furu 2019 (L. sakei) alone or combined on diphenoxylate-induced constipation and explore the underlying mechanisms using a mouse model. Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups. The normal and constipation model groups were intragastrically administrated with PBS. The ST, L. sakei, and synbiotic groups were intragastrically administrated with ST (1.5 g/kg body weight), alive L. sakei (3 × 109 CFU/mouse), or ST + L. sakei (1.5 g/kg plus 3 × 109 CFU/mouse), respectively. After 21 days of intervention, all mice except the normal mice were intragastrically administrated with diphenoxylate (10 mg/kg body weight). Defecation indexes, constipation-related intestinal factors, serum neurotransmitters, hormone levels, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal microbiota were measured. Results Our results showed that three interventions with ST, L. sakei, and synbiotic combination (ST + L. sakei) all alleviated constipation, and synbiotic intervention was superior to ST or L. sakei alone in some defecation indicators. The RT-PCR and immunohistochemical experiment showed that all three interventions relieved constipation by affecting aquaporins (AQP4 and AQP8), interstitial cells of Cajal (SCF and c-Kit), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). The three interventions exhibited a different ability to increase the serum excitatory neurotransmitters and hormones (5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, motilin), and reduce the serum inhibitory neurotransmitters (vasoactive intestinal peptide, endothelin). The result of 16S rDNA sequencing of feces showed that synbiotic intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, and regulated the gut microbes of STC mice. In conclusion, oral administration of ST or L. sakei alone or combined are all effective to relieve constipation and the symbiotic use may have a promising preventive effect on STC.
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21
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Puerariae lobatae Radix Alleviates Pre-Eclampsia by Remodeling Gut Microbiota and Protecting the Gut and Placental Barriers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235025. [PMID: 36501055 PMCID: PMC9738998 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, and gut dysbiosis is an important cause of it. Puerariae lobatae Radix (PLR) is a medicine and food homologous species; however, its effect on PE is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of PLR in alleviating PE and its mechanisms. We used an NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced PE mouse model to examine the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic PLR supplementation. The results showed that both PLR interventions alleviated hypertension and proteinuria, increased fetal and placental weights, and elevated the levels of VEGF and PlGF. Moreover, PLR protected the placenta from oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and mitigated placental damage by increasing intestinal barrier markers (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1) expression and reducing lipopolysaccharide leakage. Notably, preventive PLR administration corrected gut dysbiosis in PE mice, as evidenced by the increased abundance and positive interactions of beneficial bacteria including Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Turicibacter. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that the gut microbiota partially mediated the beneficial effects of PLR on PE. Our findings revealed that modulating the gut microbiota is an effective strategy for the treatment of PE and highlighted that PLR might be used as an intestinal nutrient supplement in PE patients.
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22
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Du L, Qiu X, Zhu S, Liu J, Wang J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Yang F, Yun T, Qi R. Soybean oligosaccharides combined with probiotics reduce faecal odour compound content by improving intestinal microbiota in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:839-849. [PMID: 36239230 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a potential prebiotic, soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) can improve animal health by modulating gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the different effects of supplementing SBOS and supplementing SBOS plus probiotic on the growth and health of pigs. Three groups of growing pigs (n = 12) were fed with basal diet (Control), basal diet + 0.5% SBOS (SBOS), or basal diet +0.5% SBOS + 0.1% compound probiotics (SOP) for 42 days. Results showed that SBOS and SOP treatments had positive effects on the pigs in the experiment, and the latter was more effective. Compared with the control pigs, the average daily gain of SBOS group and SOP group slightly increased, SOP significantly increased the serum levels of growth hormone and thyroid hormone T3. Importantly, serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM), total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase in both treatments were increased significantly, SOP group most. Moreover, the faecal odour compounds of pigs, especially skatole, were significantly reduced by the treatments. Additionally, SOP significantly increased the diversity and richness of the faecal microbiota, both the treatments increased genera of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae but reduced Lactobacillus. Correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus was significantly positively correlated with odour compounds, while Ruminococcaceae was the opposite. Conclusively, synbiotics combined with SBOS and probiotics had stronger promotion effects on the growth and health of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Yun
- Zhengzhou Yunyi Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Renli Qi
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
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23
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Probiotics with anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus properties: targets of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:641-655. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Qige Huxin Formula Attenuates Isoprenaline-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Protecting Intestinal Integrity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2894659. [PMID: 35911163 PMCID: PMC9328975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2894659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The composition and metabolic activities of gut microbiota are strongly interconnected with cardiac fibrosis (CF) and heart failure (HF). Qige Huxin formula (QHF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation originating from a classical Fangji Huangqi decoction, has been widely used to clinically treat HF for decades. However, it is still unclear whether QHF alleviates CF by modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of QHF in isoprenaline-induced CF through modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Methods Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups after one week of acclimatization feeding: control group, model group, 2.56 g/kg/d group (low-dose QHF), 5.12 g/kg/d group (high-dose QHF), and meto group (15 mg/kg/d). The CF model was established by subcutaneously injecting the mice with isoprenaline (10 mg/kg/d for 14 days), followed by QHF treatment. The heart volume, cardiac weight index (CWI), serum myocardial enzymes, serum inflammatory cytokines, serum lipopolysaccharide, histopathology of the heart and colon tissues, ZO-1, and occludin of colon tissues were then measured. Fecal samples from mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results QHF treatment significantly reduced heart volume, CWI, and serum CK and CK-MB levels, attenuated cardiac histopathological alterations, and alleviated CF. QHF treatment also downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum. Moreover, QHF treatment decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide and maintained intestinal integrity by upregulating ZO-1 and occludin. The 16S rRNA microbiota analysis revealed that QHF treatment increased the relative abundance of Marvinbryantia and Phascolarctobacterium. Conclusions QHF treatment exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating gut microbiota, protecting intestinal integrity, and alleviating inflammation. This study shows that gut microbiota may enhance heart-gut interaction.
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25
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Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Gupta SK, Kumar Y, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Serum and cecal metabolic profile of the insulin resistant and dyslipidemic p47 phox knockout mice. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:483-497. [PMID: 36251883 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of NOX-dependent oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders as well as in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis has been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the metabolic profile in p47phox-/- and WT mice fed on a chow diet was evaluated to assess the role of metabolites in glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia under altered oxidative stress conditions. p47phox-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, and altered energy homeostasis without any significant change in gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and uptake was enhanced in the liver, adipose tissue, and intestine tissues. Similarly, the expression of genes associated with lipid efflux in the liver and intestine was also enhanced. Enhanced gut permeability, inflammation, and shortening of the gut was evident in p47phox-/- mice. Circulating levels of pyrimidines, phosphatidylglycerol lipids, and 3-methyl-2-oxindole were augmented, while level of purine was reduced in the serum. Moreover, the cecal metabolome was also altered, as was evident with the increase in indole-3-acetamide, N-acetyl galactosamine, glycocholate, and a decrease in hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, and indigestible sugars (raffinose and melezitose). Treatment of p47phox-/- mice with pioglitazone, marginally improved glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, with an increase in PUFAs (linoleate, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid). Overall, the results obtained in p47phox-/- mice indicate an association of IR and dyslipidemia with altered serum and cecal metabolites (both host and bacterial-derived), implying a critical role of NOX-derived ROS in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Zhang J, Cao W, Zhao H, Guo S, Wang Q, Cheng N, Bai N. Protective Mechanism of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Bee Pollen EtOH Extract Against Type II Diabetes in a High-Fat Diet/Streptozocin-Induced C57BL/6J Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925351. [PMID: 35845783 PMCID: PMC9280863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen is known as a natural nutrient storehouse and plays a key role in many biological processes. Based on the preliminary separation, identification, and characterization of the main active components of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. bee pollen (FBP), the protective effects of F. esculentum bee pollen extract (FBPE) on high-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozocin (STZ) induced type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was evaluated in this study. The results revealed that FBPE contains 10 active compounds mainly including luteolin (9.46 g/kg), resveratrol (5.25 g/kg), kaemferol (3.67 g/kg), etc. The animal experiment results showed that FBPE could improve HFD-STZ induced T2DM mice. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the above results could be: (i) FBPE could reduce the inflammation related to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, and (ii) the gut microbiota remodeling. The results of correlation analysis showed Candidatus Arthromitus and SMB53 indicated positive correlations to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); Coprococcus, Ruminocossus, and Odoribacteraceae reported negative correlations to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). That FBPE has an outstanding ability to improve T2DM and could be used as a kind of potential functional food for the prevention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Cao
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Ni Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Naisheng Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Wu C, Liu J, Li Y, Wang N, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum ameliorate inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:6674-6687. [PMID: 35647651 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides show anti-diabetic effects through inflammation regulation with improved glucose metabolism. In this study, novel prebiotics of manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum (CMOS) were incorporated into the diet of streptozotocin (STZ) plus high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFSD)-induced rats. After feeding for 8 weeks, CMOS (300-1200 mg per kg b.w. per d) significantly ameliorated the fasting blood glucose level (7.1-8.2 mmol L-1) as compared with that of the model group (14.2 mmol L-1), where the area under the oral glucose tolerance test curve was decreased by 20.0%-24.5%. Meanwhile, CMOS prevented STZ plus HFSD-induced damage to islet tissue with a clear and integrated morphology and reduced the glucagon/insulin area ratio (by 97.9% for 300 mg per kg b.w. per d CMOS). CMOS also reduced metabolic endotoxemia and maintained intestinal integrity with recovered mRNA expression of Zo-1 and occludin to the normal comparable level. Upon 16S rDNA sequencing, it was found that CMOS regulated the microbiota composition in the cecum with an increased relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, while that of Shigella was decreased. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-diabetic effects of CMOS were further studied. CMOS reduced the mRNA expression of Tlr2 and Tlr4 in the intestines of STZ plus HFSD-induced rats. Meanwhile, Nlrp3 associated inflammasome activation in the intestine and liver with glucose metabolism disorder was inhibited by CMOS, resulting in reduced interleukin-1β secretion (by 38.8-46.4% for CMOS of 300-1200 mg per kg b.w. per d) and inflammation. Furthermore, CMOS regulated the AKT/IRS/AMPK signaling pathway and improved glucose metabolism in the liver. Findings obtained here implicated that CMOS could modulate metabolic-inflammation as a functional dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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28
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Liang L, Chen L, Liu G, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Sun B, Li Q, Zhang Y. Optimization of germination and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for the enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid in pumpkin seed. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2101-2110. [PMID: 35702278 PMCID: PMC9179130 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Germination and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) are economical and effective methods to enhance bioactive compounds in plant seeds. We optimized the germination parameters and UAE parameters by using response surface methodology to maximize the recovery of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pumpkin seeds. The optimal germination conditions were as follows: soaking the seeds at 28°C for 6 h with 0.2% CaCl2, 3.8 mg/ml monosodium glutamate, and 4.0 mg/ml vitamin B6, then germination at 30°C for 61.6 h. The optimal conditions for UAE were as follows: 1:75 (w/v) material-to-solvent ratio, 220 W ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic treatment at 50°C for 14.4 min, which afforded an extraction yield of 2679 ± 10 mg/100 g. Moreover, the GABA-enhanced extract showed the potential of hypolipidemic effect in type 2 diabetes rats. These results confirmed that a combination of germination and UAE increased the GABA yield from pumpkin seeds and provided a basis for GABA-enhanced production to improve lifestyle-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center for fruit and vegetable ProcessingCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for fruit and vegetable ProcessingCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guimei Liu
- School of Food Sciences and EngineeringQilu University of TechnologyJinanChina
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical BiologyBiomedical Engineering and Biological ScienceCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNew YorkUSA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical BiologyBiomedical Engineering and Biological ScienceCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNew YorkUSA
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
| | - Quanhong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for fruit and vegetable ProcessingCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
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29
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Singh V, Park YJ, Lee G, Unno T, Shin JH. Dietary regulations for microbiota dysbiosis among post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9961-9976. [PMID: 35635755 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2076651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T2D-associated comorbidities, such as obesity, are serious universally prevalent health issues among post-menopausal women. Menopause is an unavoidable condition characterized by the depletion of estrogen, a gonadotropic hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in women. In addition to sexual dimorphism, estrogen also participates in glucose-lipid homeostasis, and estrogen depletion is associated with insulin resistance in the female body. Estrogen level in the gut also regulates the microbiota composition, and even conjugated estrogen is actively metabolized by the estrobolome to maintain insulin levels. Moreover, post-menopausal gut microbiota is different from the pre-menopausal gut microbiota, as it is less diverse and lacks the mucolytic Akkermansia and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia. Through various metabolites (SCFAs, secondary bile acid, and serotonin), the gut microbiota plays a significant role in regulating glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and T2D-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6). While gut dysbiosis is common among post-menopausal women, dietary interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can ease post-menopausal gut dysbiosis. The objective of this review is to understand the relationship between post-menopausal gut dysbiosis and T2D-associated factors. Additionally, the study also provided dietary recommendations to avoid T2D progression among post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Jun Park
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - GyuDae Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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30
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Huang Y, Li D, Wang C, Sun N, Zhou WX. Stachyose Alleviates Corticosterone-Induced Long-Term Potentiation Impairment via the Gut–Brain Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:799244. [PMID: 35370743 PMCID: PMC8965576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.799244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can induce learning and memory impairment; corticosterone is often used to study the effects and mechanisms of stress in animal models. Long-term potentiation (LTP) has been widely used for tackling the mechanisms of memory. Liuwei Dihuang decoction-active fraction combination (LW-AFC) can improve stress-induced LTP and cognition impairment; stachyose is an oligosaccharide in LW-AFC. The effects and mechanisms of stachyose on stress are unknown. In this study, stachyose showed protective effects against LTP impairment by corticosterone in vivo only via intragastric administration for 7 consecutive days, but there was little effect even after direct intracerebroventricular injection; the protective effect of stachyose could be canceled by non-absorbable antibiotics (ATB) which disturbed gut flora. 16S rRNA sequencing, alpha diversity, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the gut flora in corticosterone-treated mice was disturbed and stachyose could improve corticosterone-induced gut flora disturbance. Bacteroidetes were decreased and Deferribacteres were increased significantly in corticosterone-treated mice, and stachyose restored Bacteroidetes and Deferribacteres to the normal level. D-serine, a coactivator of NMDA receptors, plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and cognition. Here, corticosterone had little effect on the content of D-serine and L-serine (the precursor of D-serine), but it reduced the D-serine release-related proteins, Na+-independent alanine–serine–cysteine transporter-1 (ASC-1), and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) significantly in hippocampus; stachyose significantly increased ASC-1 and VAMP2 in corticosterone-treated mice, and ATB blocked stachyose’s effects on ASC-1 and VAMP2. NMDA receptors co-agonists L-serine, D-serine, and glycine significantly improved LTP impairment by corticosterone. These results indicated that stachyose might indirectly increase D-serine release through the gut–brain axis to improve LTP impairment by corticosterone in the hippocampus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- *Correspondence: Yan Huang, ; Wen-Xia Zhou,
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31
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Zhang F, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhao S, Chen C. Diaphragma juglandis extracts modifies the gut microbiota during prevention of type 2 diabetes in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114484. [PMID: 34627985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The diaphragma juglandis (DJ) comes from the wooden septum in the core of Juglans regia L, also known as the walnut septum. In Iranian traditional medicine, walnut distraction wood was widely used in the treatment of diabetes. However, there is a lack of research data on the mechanism of DJ against diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the protective effect of diaphragma juglandis extract (DJE) on type 2 diabetic rats and the hypoglycemic mechanism of DJE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Supplemented DJE and fed a high-fat diet for five weeks, and then injected low-dose STZ, successfully induced type 2 diabetic rats. Collected rat serum, liver, pancreas and feces to determine the biochemical parameters of serum and liver, analyze the pathological damages of pancreas and liver, and measure the changes of gut microbes in feces. RESULTS DJE could inhibit the metabolic abnormalities of T2DM by improving insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, liver damage, oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation. DJE significantly held fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, serum low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, oral glucose tolerance test, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase and catalase, serum and liver triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, lipopolysaccharide, fasting insulin and tumor necrosis factor-α and prevented the pathological damage of pancreas and liver. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing results showed that DJE intercepted the disorders of the fecal gut microbes, mainly including Lactobacillaceae, Rikenella, Pygmaiobacter, Oscillospiraceae and Klebsiella. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the changes of gut microbes were closely relative with biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION DJE might prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications and hold up the disorders of gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingyujing Zhao
- Kunming Customs Technological Center, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yage Ma
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650204, China
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Lu H, You Y, Zhou X, He Q, Wang M, Chen L, Zhou L, Sun X, Liu Y, Jiang P, Dai J, Fu X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Lou L. Citrus reticulatae pericarpium Extract Decreases the Susceptibility to HFD-Induced Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice Exposed to Azithromycin in Early Life. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774433. [PMID: 34868039 PMCID: PMC8640250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that gut microbe disorder in mice due to early-life antibiotic exposure promotes glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and there is not yet an effective intervention or treatment for this process. Purpose The study investigated whether early-life azithromycin (AZT) exposure in mice could promote high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. Moreover, the effect of citrus reticulata pericarpium (CRP) extract on glycolipid metabolism disorder via regulation of gut microbiome in mice exposed to antibodies early in life were investigated. Methods and Results Three-week-old mice were treated with AZT (50 mg/kg/day) via drinking water for two weeks and then were fed a CRP diet (1% CRP extract) for four weeks and an HFD for five weeks. The results showed that early-life AZT exposure promoted HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder, increased the levels of inflammatory factors, promoted the flora metabolism product trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and induced microbial disorder in adult mice. Importantly, CRP extract mitigated these effects. Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that early-life AZT exposure increases the susceptibility to HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adult mice, and CRP extract can decrease this susceptibility by regulating gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Dai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Lou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Feng Z, Fang Z, Chen C, Vong CT, Chen J, Lou R, Hoi MPM, Gan L, Lin L. Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Refined Fractions from Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226886. [PMID: 34833980 PMCID: PMC8620367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the chemical components responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic effect of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk (Juglandaceae) leaves, an ethanol extract (CPE) and a water extract (CPW) of C. paliurus leaves, as well as their total flavonoids (CPF), triterpenoids (CPT) and crude polysaccharides (CPP), were prepared and assessed on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. After being orally administrated once a day for 24 days, CPF (300 mg/kg), CPP (180 mg/kg), or CPF+CPP (300 mg/kg CPF + 180 mg/kg CPP) treatment reversed STZ-induced body weight and muscle mass losses. The glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests suggested that CPF, CPP, and CPF+CPP showed anti-hyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, CPF enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. CPF and CPP suppressed inflammatory cytokine levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, CPF and CPP improved STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy assessed by H&E staining, blood urea nitrogen content, and urine creatinine level. The molecular networking and Emperor analysis results indicated that CPF showed potential anti-hyperglycemic effects, and HPLC–MS/MS analysis indicated that CPF contains 3 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids. In contrast, CPT (650 mg/kg) and CPC (300 mg/kg CPF + 180 mg/kg CPP + 650 mg/kg CPT) did not show anti-hyperglycemic effect. Taken together, polysaccharides and flavonoids are responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic effect of C. paliurus leaves, and the clinical application of C. paliurus need to be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Zhujun Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Jiali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Ruohan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China; (Z.F.); (C.C.); (C.T.V.); (J.C.); (R.L.); (M.P.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (L.L.)
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Li C, Cao H, Huan Y, Ji W, Liu S, Sun S, Liu Q, Lei L, Liu M, Gao X, Fu Y, Li P, Shen Z. Berberine combined with stachyose improves glycometabolism and gut microbiota through regulating colonic microRNA and gene expression in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2021; 284:119928. [PMID: 34480937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Berberine is effective for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but has limited use in clinic. This study aims to evaluate the effect of berberine combined with stachyose on glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota and to explore the underlying mechanisms in diabetic rats. MAIN METHODS Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were orally administered berberine, stachyose and berberine combined with stachyose once daily for 69 days. The oral glucose tolerance and levels of blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride and total cholesterol were determined. The gut microbial profile, colonic miRNA and gene expression were assayed using Illumina sequencing. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the expression of differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. KEY FINDINGS Repeated treatments with berberine alone and combined with stachyose significantly reduced the blood glucose, improved the impaired glucose tolerance, and increased the abundance of beneficial Akkermansiaceae, decreased that of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in ZDF rats. Furthermore, combined treatment remarkably decreased the abundances of Desulfovibrionaceae and Proteobacteria in comparison to berberine. Combined treatment evidently decreased the expression of intestinal early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (Hbegf), and significantly increased the expression of miR-10a-5p, but berberine alone not. SIGNIFICANCE Berberine combined with stachyose significantly improved glucose metabolism and reshaped gut microbiota in ZDF rats, especially decreased the abundance of pathogenic Desulfovibrionaceae and Proteobacteria compared to berberine alone, providing a novel strategy for treating T2DM. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with regulating the expression of intestinal Egr1, Hbegf and miR-10a-5p, but remains further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Sujuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Minzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yaxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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35
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Shaping the gut microbiota by bioactive phytochemicals: An emerging approach for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Biochimie 2021; 193:38-63. [PMID: 34688789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract is the cottage to trillions of live microorganisms, which regulate health and illness. A healthy Gut Microbiota (GM) is necessary for preventing microbial growth, body growth, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and enhancing immunity. The equilibrium in GM's composition and the presence/absence of critical species enable specific responses to be essential for the host's better health condition. Research evidences revealed that the dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals (BPs) play an extensive and critical role in shaping the GM to get beneficial health effects. BPs are also known to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of several diseases by modulating GM-mediated cellular and molecular processes. Regular intake of BPs-rich vegetables, fruits, and herbal preparations promotes probiotic bacteria, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species, while inhibiting unwanted gut residents' development Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium etc. Upon consumption, BPs contact the GM that gets transformed before being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Biotransformation of BPs by GM is linked with the enhancement of bioactivity/toxicity diminishment of the BPs compared to parental phytochemicals. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of BPs in shaping GM for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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36
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Gao X, Zhang H, Li K, Shi Y, Guo X, Wang L, Li D. Sandalwood seed oil improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat/high-sucrose diet-fed rats associated with altered intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. Food Funct 2021; 12:9739-9749. [PMID: 34664591 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sandalwood seed oil (SSO), rich in ximenynic acid, is extracted from the seed kernels of Santalum spicatum. The current work aimed to clarify the potential mechanisms of SSO in preventing insulin resistance (IR) by investigating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a standard chow group (N), and four high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed groups plus 7% of SSO, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) or sunflower oil (SO), respectively. After 12 weeks, the feces were collected and subsequently the rats were sacrificed for collecting blood and tissues. The results indicated that the SSO, FO and LO groups had a lower ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) and lower levels of Actinobacteria phylum in their feces compared to the SO group. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with F/B (r = 0.63) and Actinobacteria (r = 0.64). At the genus level, beneficial bacteria, including Oscillospira, Clostridium, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus and Coprococcus, were more abundant, while destructive bacteria, such as Collinsella, were less abundant in the SSO group than in the SO group. The concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were higher, and the serum LPS and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were lower in the SSO, FO and LO groups than the SO group. In addition, SCFAs were negatively (r: -0.45 to -0.82), and LPS (r: 0.12 to 0.42) and TMAO (r: 0.32 to 0.49) were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In summary, the prevention effect of SSO on HFHS induced IR was associated with altered intestinal microbiota composition and the production of microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Gao H, Wan X, Xiao B, Yang K, Wang Y, Zhang C, Li P, Liu L, Xia T, Wang A, Zhang S. Impacts of PBDE-47 exposure before, during and after pregnancy on the maternal gut microbiome and its association with host metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112530. [PMID: 34280840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal gut microbiota play an important role in the modulation of offspring disease susceptibility and gut microbiota dysbiosis has been proposed as a mechanism through which toxic environmental chemicals exert their adverse impacts on health. The brominated flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are developmental toxicants and induce dysbiotic gut microbiota in offspring. Yet, whether and how PBDEs impact the maternal gut microbiota remain unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the effect of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) exposure from preconception through lactation cessation on maternal gut microbiota and its link to host serum metabolic consequences. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were daily exposed to 10 mg/kg PBDE-47 via oral gavage from ten days before conception until offspring were weaned on postnatal day 21, then maternal fecal and blood samples were collected for microbiome and metabolome analyses by using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Maternal exposure to PBDE-47 showed a distinct profile in gut microbiota compared to control dams, as evidenced by increased Actinobacteria phylum and genera Blautia, Gemella and Phascolarctobacterium, and decreased genera AF12 and Oscillospira. Additionally, global metabolomics analysis identified 26 differential serum metabolites to distinguish PBDE-47 from controls, which were mainly involved in amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, further confirmed by pathway analysis. Importantly, the differential serum metabolites are closely correlated with the disturbed gut microbiota in response to PBDE-47. Collectively, our results suggest that maternal gut microbial dysbiosis may serve as a potential mechanism underlying PBDE-47-elicited health hazards to mothers or even offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Boya Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaichao Yang
- Immunization Planning Institute, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Nongye South Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 18 Jianghan North Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China.
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Liu F, Shan S, Li H, Shi J, Hao R, Yang R, Li Z. Millet shell polyphenols prevent atherosclerosis by protecting the gut barrier and remodeling the gut microbiota in ApoE -/- mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:7298-7309. [PMID: 34169953 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of certain polyphenols has been recognized. Active polyphenols were extracted from millet shells (MSPs), and their main components including 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine, luteolin-3',7-diglucoside, N-acetyltyramine, p-coumaric acid, vanillin, sinapic acid, ferulic acid and isophorone exhibited the anti-atherosclerotic potential in vitro. To explore the anti-atherosclerotic activity of MSPs in vivo, a classic atherosclerosis model was constructed in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. The results showed that MSPs effectively inhibited the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). A further study found that the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, zona occludens-1 and claudin1) was obviously up-regulated in the MSPs-treated group at the mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, MSPs significantly changed the structure of gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet, which is characterized by the enriched Oscillospira and Ruminococcus, and the abridged Allobaculum at the genus level. Collectively, these results suggest that MSPs regulate the integrity of the gut barrier and the structure of the gut microbiota, ultimately inhibiting the development of atherosclerotic plaques. This study provides new insights into the potential cardiovascular protective effects induced by millet shell polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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Zeng Z, Guo X, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Chen S. Lactobacillus paracasei modulates the gut microbiota and improves inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:6809-6820. [PMID: 34113945 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 on inflammation and the gut microbiota of type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). A T2D rat model was established by inducing Sprague-Dawley rats with HFD/STZ, followed by 12-weeks L. paracasei NL41 gavage. The blood, colonic tissues, and feces samples of these rats were collected for inflammation, histology, and intestinal microbiota profiling. L. paracasei NL41 treatment induced remarkable improvement in the inflammatory status by decreasing the levels of serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 and increasing the level of IL-10. Gut barrier function was significantly protected in NL41-treated rats. Moreover, the strain NL41 induced changes in the microbiota structure and influenced the relative abundance of the key species. Specifically, Bacteroides, Clostridia (specifically, Ruminococcus torques), and Parasutterella were significantly reduced, while some beneficial microorganisms (Bacteroidales_S24-7_group and the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) were enriched by NL41. The correlational analyses indicated that L. paracasei NL41 ameliorating inflammation was closely related to the key species of the gut microbiota. The present study indicates that probiotic L. paracasei NL41 decreases LPS-induced inflammation by improving the gut microbiota and preserving intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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40
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Xi M, Zhao S, Ge W, Chen Y, Cui X, Sun Q. Effects of stachyose on the intestinal microbiota and barrier in antibiotic-treated mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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41
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Guo H, Hao Y, Fan X, Richel A, Everaert N, Yang X, Ren G. Administration with Quinoa Protein Reduces the Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Modifies the Fecal Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072446. [PMID: 34371955 PMCID: PMC8308759 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of quinoa protein as the source of antihypertensive peptides through in vitro enzymolysis, there is little evidence supporting the in vivo antihypertensive effect of intact quinoa protein. In this study, in vivo study on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was conducted by administering quinoa protein for five weeks. Gastrointestinal content identification indicated that many promising precursors of bioactive peptides were released from quinoa protein under gastrointestinal processing. Quinoa protein administration on SHRs resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure, a significant increase in alpha diversity, and microbial structure alternation towards that in non-hypertension rats. Furthermore, blood pressure was highly negatively correlated with the elevated abundance of genera in quinoa protein-treated SHRs, such as Turicibacter and Allobaculum. Interestingly, the fecal microbiota in quinoa protein-treated SHRs shared more features in the composition of genera with non-hypertension rats than that of the captopril-treated group. These results indicate that quinoa protein may serve as a potential candidate to lower blood pressure and ameliorate hypertension-related gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
| | - Xin Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Aurore Richel
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (A.R.); (N.E.)
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6217-4058
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.G.); (Y.H.); (X.F.); (G.R.)
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Stachyose inhibits vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization and affects gut microbiota in mice. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105094. [PMID: 34280500 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) caused nosocomial infections are rising globally. Multiple measures have been investigated to address this issue, altering gut microbiota through dietary intervention represents one of such effort. Stachyose can promote probiotic growth, which makes it a good candidate for potentially inhibiting VRE infection. This study aimed to determine whether stachyose inhibits VRE colonization and investigated the involvement of gut microbiota this effect of stachyose. In VRE-infection experiment, 6-week old female C57/6 J mice pre-treated with vancomycin were infected with 2 × 108 CFU VRE via gavage. These mice then received oral administration of stachyose or PBS as control for 7days. Two groups of uninfected mice were also received daily gavage of stachyose or PBS for 7 days to observe the impact of stachyose treatment on normal mice. Fresh fecal and colon samples were collected, then VRE colonization, gut microbiota and gene expression were respectively assessed using cultivation, 16s rRNA sequencing and RNA-sequencing in two parallel experiment, respectively. In VRE-infected mice, stachyose treatment significantly reduced VRE colonization on days 9 and 10 post-infection. Stachyose treatment increased the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae, Parabacteroides, and Parabacteroides distasonis compared to the PBS-treated infection mice (P < 0.01). Uninfected mice treated with stachyose showed a significant increase in Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus compared to the PBS-treated uninfected mice(P < 0.05). RNA-sequencing results showed that stachyose treatment in VRE-infected mice increased expression of genes involved in TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Stachyose treatment also up-regulated Hsd17b14, Cyp3a44, Arg1, and down-regulated Pnliprp2, Ces1c, Pla2g4c genes involving in metabolic pathway in uninfected mice. In conclusion, stachyose supplementation can effectively inhibit VRE colonization and probably altering composition of the microbiome, which can in turn result in changes in expression of genes. Stachyose may also benefit health by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and expression of genes involving in metabolic pathway in normal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Zhao
- College of Sciences Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China
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Xi M, Tang H, Zhang Y, Ge W, Chen Y, Cui X. Microbiome-metabolomic analyses of the impacts of dietary stachyose on fecal microbiota and metabolites in infants intestinal microbiota-associated mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3336-3347. [PMID: 33222240 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota and metabolites play an important role in human health and immunity. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of stachyose on the human intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, in this study, the feces of infants were transplanted into germ-free mice, and the effect of long-term stachyose intake on intestinal metabolism was examined by comparing the results of microbiome and metabolome analyses. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to study the effects of stachyose intake on the metabolites and metabolic pathways of the transplanted human intestinal microbiota. RESULTS We observed that stachyose significantly altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites, up-regulated production of the metabolite taurocholic acid, down-regulated amino acid metabolism, and significantly regulated the metabolism of taurine and hydroxytaurine, pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, and other signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These findings may provide a basis for elucidating the mechanism by which stachyose promotes host health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Xi
- Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haixia Tang
- Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Quality inspection department, Shaanxi Goat Milk Products Testing and Testing Center, Xian, China
| | - Wupeng Ge
- Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Chen
- R & D department, Shaanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau North West National Center of Metrology, Xian, China
| | - Xiuxiu Cui
- R & D department, Xi'an Baiyue Goat Dairy Group Co., Ltd, Xian, China
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Song XM, Li BJ, Zhang YY, Ge WJ, Zhang SF, Cui WF, Li GS, Liang RF. Rutaecarpine enhances the anti-diabetic activity and hepatic distribution of metformin via up-regulation of Oct1 in diabetic rats. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:818-830. [PMID: 33952086 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1926573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple complications, patients who receive metformin may have a simultaneous intake of herbal medicine containing rutaecarpine due to cardiovascular protection and hypolipidemic effects of rutaecarpine. There might be drug interactions between metformin and rutaecarpine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutaecarpine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of metformin in diabetic rats.The diabetic rat model was induced with high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Metformin with or without rutaecarpine was administered by oral gavage for 42 days. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters were evaluated.The pharmacodynamics results revealed that co-administration of rutaecarpine with metformin resulted in a remarkable reduction of serum glucose and lipid profiles in diabetic rats compared to metformin treated alone. The pharmacokinetics results showed that co-treatments of rutaecarpine with metformin did not affect the systemic exposure and renal distribution of metformin, but increased metformin concentration in liver. Furthermore, rutaecarpine increased Oct1-mediated metformin uptake into hepatocytes by upregulation of Oct1 expression in the liver.The above data indicate that rutaecarpine enhanced the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, which may be associated with the increased hepatic distribution of metformin through up-regulation of Oct1 in response to rutaecarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing-Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ge
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - She-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Geng-Sheng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Feng Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Pharmacology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Lee CB, Chae SU, Jo SJ, Jerng UM, Bae SK. The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073566. [PMID: 33808194 PMCID: PMC8037857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Bin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Soon Uk Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Seong Jun Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Ui Min Jerng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea;
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4054
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Pan F, Zhang LL, Luo HJ, Chen Y, Long L, Wang X, Zhuang PT, Li EM, Xu LY. Dietary riboflavin deficiency induces ariboflavinosis and esophageal epithelial atrophy in association with modification of gut microbiota in rats. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:807-820. [PMID: 32458157 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Riboflavin deficiency causes ariboflavinosis, a common nutritional deficiency disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of riboflavin deficiency on the important internal organs and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Experiment 1, male F344 rats were randomly assigned to R6 (normal riboflavin, 6 mg/kg) and R0 (riboflavin-deficient, 0 mg/kg) groups. Experiment 2 rats were assigned to R6, R0.6 (0.6 mg/kg) and R0.06 (0.06 mg/kg) groups. Experiment 3 rats were assigned to R6 and R0 → R6 (riboflavin replenishment) groups. Bacterial communities were analyzed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Riboflavin deficiency induced ariboflavinosis (R0.06 46.7%; R0 72%) and esophageal epithelial atrophy (R0.06 40%; R0 44%) in rats, while the R6 group did not display symptoms (P < 0.001, respectively). Esophageal epithelial atrophy occurred simultaneously (R0.06 66.7%; R0 63.6%) with ariboflavinosis or appeared alone (R0.06 33.3%; R0 36.4%). Esophagus is the most vulnerable internal organ. Riboflavin deficiency followed by replenishment (R0 → R6) was effective in treating ariboflavinosis (83.3% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) and esophageal epithelial atrophy (66.7% vs. 20%, P = 0.17). Riboflavin deficiency modulated gut microbiota composition. The several key genera (Romboutsia, Turicibacter and Clostridium sensu stricto 1) were strongly correlated with ariboflavinosis and esophageal epithelial atrophy (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The potential mechanism is that gut microbiota affects body's xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, and genomic instability. CONCLUSIONS Riboflavin deficiency induces ariboflavinosis and esophageal epithelial atrophy by modulating the gut microbiota, and offers new Queryinsight into riboflavin deficiency and esophageal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhang
- Department of Experimental Animal Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hong-Jun Luo
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Tong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao JD, Li Y, Sun M, Yu CJ, Li JY, Wang SH, Yang D, Guo CL, Du X, Zhang WJ, Cheng RD, Diao XC, Fang ZH. Effect of berberine on hyperglycaemia and gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:708-724. [PMID: 33716449 PMCID: PMC7934002 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i8.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is 12.8% among individuals of Han ethnicity. Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats show differences in gut microbiota compared to non-diabetic rats. Previous studies have indicated that berberine could be successfully used to manage T2DM. We sought to understand its hypoglycaemic effect and role in the regulation of the gut microbiota.
AIM To determine whether berberine can regulate glucose metabolism in GK rats via the gut microbiota.
METHODS GK rats were acclimatized for 1 wk. The GK rats were randomly divided into three groups and administered saline (Mo), metformin (Me), or berberine (Be). The observation time was 8 wk, and weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured. Pancreatic tissue was observed for pathological changes. Additionally, we sequenced the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the gut microbiota and analysed the structure.
RESULTS Compared with the Mo group, the Me and Be groups displayed significant differences in FBG (P < 0.01) and GLP-1 (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in weight and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance was noted in the Be group compared with those in the Me group (P < 0.01). The pancreatic islets of the Me- and Be-treated rats showed improvement in number, shape, and necrosis compared with those of Mo-treated rats. A total of 580 operational taxonomic units were obtained in the three groups. Compared to the Mo group, the Me and Be groups showed a shift in the structure of the gut microbiota. Correlation analysis indicated that FBG was strongly positively correlated with Clostridia_UCG-014 (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with Allobaculum (P < 0.01). Body weight showed a positive correlation with Desulfovibrionaceae (P < 0.01) and a negative correlation with Akkermansia (P < 0.01). Importantly, our results demonstrated that Me and Be could significantly decrease Bacteroidetes (P < 0.01) and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Muribaculaceae (P < 0.01; P < 0.05) was significantly decreased in the Me and Be groups, and Allobaculum (P < 0.01) was significantly increased.
CONCLUSION Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chan-Juan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia-Yun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Si-Hai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruo-Dong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Diao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
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Liu Y, Yang J, Wang K, Duan F, Lu L. Carrier-Free Immobilization of α-Galactosidase as Nano-Biocatalysts for Synthesizing Prebiotic α-Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2021; 26:1248. [PMID: 33669157 PMCID: PMC7956481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOSs) have great functions as prebiotics and therapeutics. This work established the method of batch synthesis of α-GOSs by immobilized α-galactosidase for the first time, laying a foundation for industrial applications in the future. The α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger L63 was immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) nano-biocatalyst through enzyme precipitating and cross-linking steps without using carriers. Among the tested agents, the ammonium sulfate showed high precipitation efficacy and induced regular structures of α-galactosidase CLEAs (Aga-CLEAs) that had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the ammonium sulfate-induced Aga-CLEAs achieved a high activity recovery of around 90% at 0.55 U/mL of enzymes and 36.43 mM glutaraldehyde with cross-linking for 1.71 h. Aga-CLEAs showed increased thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance. The storage ability was also improved since it maintained 74.5% activity after storing at 4 °C for three months, significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (21.6%). Moreover, Aga-CLEAs exhibited excellent reusability in the α-GOSs synthesis from galactose, retaining above 66% of enzyme activity after 10 batch reactions, with product yields all above 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (K.W.); (F.D.)
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Li X, Wu D, Niu J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Yang B, Kuang H. Intestinal Flora: A Pivotal Role in Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:237-268. [PMID: 33622213 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal flora is essential for maintaining host health and plays a unique role in transforming Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as a bodyguard, has saved countless lives and maintained human health in the long history, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic. Pains of diseases have been removed from the effective TCM therapy, such as TCM preparation, moxibustion, and acupuncture. With the development of life science and technology, the wisdom and foresight of TCM has been more displayed. Furthermore, TCM has been also inherited and developed in innovation to better realize the modernization and globalization. Nowadays, intestinal flora transforming TCM and TCM targeted intestinal flora treating diseases have been important findings in life science. More and more TCM researches showed the significance of intestinal flora. Intestinal flora is also a way to study TCM to elucidate the profound theory of TCM. Processing, compatibility, and properties of TCM are well demonstrated by intestinal flora. Thus, it is no doubt that intestinal flora is a core in TCM study. The interaction between intestinal flora and TCM is so crucial for host health. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the latest results in time. This paper systematically depicted the profile of TCM and the importance of intestinal flora in host. What is more, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the latest progress of the interplay between TCM and intestinal flora to better reveal the core connotation of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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