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Chen K, Li Y, Zhou C, Wang Y, Zalán Z, Cai T. Inhibitory effects of chlorophyll pigments on the bioaccessibility of β-carotene: Influence of chlorophyll structure and oil matrix. Food Chem 2024; 451:139457. [PMID: 38703726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophylls and β-carotene are fat-soluble phytochemicals in daily diets, while their bioaccessibility interaction remains unknown. Eight dietary chlorophylls and their derivatives (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b, chlorophyllide a, chlorophyllide b, pheophorbide a, pheophorbide b) were combined with β-carotene in six different oil matrices (corn oil, coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides, peanut oil, olive oil and fish oil) and were subjected to in vitro digestion. Generally, chlorophylls significantly decreased β-carotene bioaccessibility by competitive incorporation into micelles. Dephytylated chlorophylls had a greater inhibitory effect on the micellarization and bioaccessibility of β-carotene compared to phytylated chlorophylls. In their co-digestion system, olive oil group exhibited the smallest particle size and biggest zeta potential in both digesta and micelles. For chlorophylls, the phytol group and their levels are key factors, which was also buttressed by the mice model where additional supplementation of pheophorbide a significantly hindered the accumulation of β-carotene and retinoids compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Yunchang Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chunjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2nd Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401121, PR China
| | - Yuankai Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zsolt Zalán
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Buda Campus, Villányi str. 29-43, Budapest H-1118, Hungary
| | - Tian Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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2
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Yang Z, Li F, Shen S, Wang X, Nihmot Ibrahim A, Zheng H, Zhang J, Ji X, Liao X, Zhang Y. Natural chlorophyll: a review of analysis methods, health benefits, and stabilization strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38795062 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2356259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is a natural pigment, widely distributed ranging from photosynthetic prokaryotes to higher plants, with an annual yield of up to 1.2 billion tons worldwide. Five types of Chls are observed in nature, that can be distinguished and identified using spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Chl is also used in the food industry owing to its bioactivities, including obesity prevention, inflammation reduction, viral infection inhibition, anticancer effects, anti-oxidation, and immunostimulatory properties. It has great potential of being applied as a colorant and dietary supplement in the food industry. However, Chl is unstable under various enzymatic, acidic, heat, and light conditions, which limit its application. Although some strategies, such as aggregation with other food components, microencapsulation, and metal cation replacement, have been proposed to overcome these limitations, they are still not enough to facilitate its widespread application. Therefore, stabilization strategies and bioactivities of Chl need to be expected to expand its application in various fields, thereby aiding in the sustainable development of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotian Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, PR China
| | - Fangwei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Suxia Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ajibola Nihmot Ibrahim
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, PR China
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3
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Zhang H, Chen S, Yang L, Zhang S, Qin L, Jiang H. Distinct Gut Microbiota and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice with a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1579. [PMID: 38892512 PMCID: PMC11174461 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of energy intake and expenditure is commonly considered as the fundamental cause of obesity. However, individual variations in susceptibility to obesity do indeed exist in both humans and animals, even among those with the same living environments and dietary intakes. To further explore the potential influencing factors of these individual variations, male C57BL/6J mice were used for the development of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice models and were fed high-fat diets for 16 weeks. Compared to the obesity-prone mice, the obesity-resistant group showed a lower body weight, liver weight, adipose accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. 16S rRNA sequencing, which was conducted for fecal microbiota analysis, found that the fecal microbiome's structural composition and biodiversity had changed in the two groups. The genera Allobaculumbiota, SMB53, Desulfovibrio and Clostridium increased in the obesity-prone mice, and the genera Streptococcus, Odoribacter and Leuconostoc were enriched in the obesity-resistant mice. Using widely targeted metabolomics analysis, 166 differential metabolites were found, especially those products involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, which were significantly reduced in the obesity-resistant mice. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis exhibited that AA metabolism was the most enriched pathway. Significantly altered bacteria and obesity-related parameters, as well as AA metabolites, exhibited strong correlations. Overall, the phenotypes of the obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice were linked to gut microbiota and AA metabolism, providing new insight for developing an in-depth understanding of the driving force of obesity resistance and a scientific reference for the targeted prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (S.C.); (L.Y.); (S.Z.); (L.Q.)
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4
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Zhu J, Lian J, Deng H, Luo J, Chen T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu P, Xi Q. Effects of Spinach Extract and Licorice Extract on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:321. [PMID: 38275780 PMCID: PMC10812756 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Anemia and weaning stress are important factors affecting piglet growth performance. Spinach extract and licorice extract have been used to improve anemia and antioxidant capacity, respectively. However, whether they have synergistic effects has not been reported. To evaluate the effects of mixed spinach extract and licorice extract on growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets, a total of 160 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to four treatments with four replications of 10 piglets each. The four treatments were as follows: control (CON) group (basal diet), spinach extract (SE) group (basal diet + 1.5 kg/t spinach extract), licorice extract (LE) group (basal diet + 400 g/t licorice extract), and spinach extract and licorice extract (MIX) group (basal diet + 1.5 kg/t spinach extract + 400 g/t licorice extract). The results showed that, compared with the CON group, diets supplemented with spinach extract and licorice extract significantly increased the average daily gain (p < 0.05), while considerably reducing the feed-to-gain ratio (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MIX group exhibited a significant up-regulation of serum total protein, globulin, albumin, glucose, and triglyceride levels in comparison to the CON group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, both the anemia and antioxidant capacity of piglets were effectively improved. Notably, the MIX group achieved even better results than the individual supplementation in terms of enhancing growth performance, which could potentially be attributed to the increased abundance of the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. These results demonstrated that the supplementation of diets with spinach extract and licorice extract improves the absorption of nutrients from the diet and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jincong Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Haibin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongan Yang
- Elionnature Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.16 Hengtong Road, Nanjing 210038, China;
| | - Pingxiang Liu
- Guangdong Drive Bio-Tech Group Co., Ltd., No.9, Dengtang Industrial Zone, Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (H.D.); (J.L.); (T.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Z.)
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5
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Martins T, Barros AN, Rosa E, Antunes L. Enhancing Health Benefits through Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Rich Agro-Food: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5344. [PMID: 37513218 PMCID: PMC10384064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls play a crucial role in photosynthesis and are abundantly found in green fruits and vegetables that form an integral part of our diet. Although limited, existing studies suggest that these photosynthetic pigments and their derivatives possess therapeutic properties. These bioactive molecules exhibit a wide range of beneficial effects, including antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, anti-cancer, and anti-obesogenic activities. However, it is unfortunate that leafy materials and fruit peels often go to waste in the food supply chain, contributing to the prevailing issue of food waste in modern societies. Nevertheless, these overlooked materials contain valuable bioactive compounds, including chlorophylls, which offer significant health benefits. Consequently, exploring the potential of these discarded resources, such as utilizing them as functional food ingredients, aligns with the principles of a circular economy and presents exciting opportunities for exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Martins
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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6
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Wang X, Yang Z, Shen S, Ji X, Chen F, Liao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Inhibitory effects of chlorophylls and its derivative on starch digestion in vitro. Food Chem 2023; 413:135377. [PMID: 36773358 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) have been shown to help regulate blood glucose levels. In this study, the effects of Chls and its derivative, pheophytin a (Phe a), on starch digestion in vitro were investigated. Chls significantly decreased starch hydrolysis while increasing resistant starch content (p < 0.05). SEM revealed that Chls either existed in free form or was absorbed and embedded on the surface of starch granules. Spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking demonstrated that Chls had a dual effect: (1) the phytol chain of Chls formed a double helix structure with starch, which may hinder the starch-enzyme contacts; and (2) the porphyrin ring of Chls interacted with amino acid residues of α-amylase and α-glucosidase to change the characteristics of enzymes, thereby inhibiting their activities. The investigation may serve as motivation for developing healthful starchy foods rich in Chls and enhancing the selection of foods for diabetics and hyperglycemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaotian Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suxia Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- BGI Precision Nutrition (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Ebrahimi P, Shokramraji Z, Tavakkoli S, Mihaylova D, Lante A. Chlorophylls as Natural Bioactive Compounds Existing in Food By-Products: A Critical Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1533. [PMID: 37050159 PMCID: PMC10096697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls are a group of naturally occurring pigments that are responsible for the green color in plants. This pigment group could have numerous health benefits due to its high antioxidant activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity properties. Many food by-products contain a high level of chlorophyll content. These by-products are discarded and considered environmental pollutants if not used as a source of bioactive compounds. The recovery of chlorophylls from food by-products is an interesting approach for increasing the sustainability of food production. This paper provides insight into the properties of chlorophylls and the effect of different treatments on their stability, and then reviews the latest research on the extraction of chlorophylls from a sustainable perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ebrahimi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Zahra Shokramraji
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry—TESAF, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (Z.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Setareh Tavakkoli
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry—TESAF, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (Z.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Dasha Mihaylova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Anna Lante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment—DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
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8
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So V, Poul P, Oeung S, Srey P, Mao K, Ung H, Eng P, Heim M, Srun M, Chheng C, Chea S, Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and HPLC Analysis of Nine Edible Sprouts in Cambodia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062874. [PMID: 36985845 PMCID: PMC10059773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-nutritional health benefits of sprouts are unconfirmed. Thus, nine sprout methanolic extracts were tested for phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity. The TPC, TCC, TFC, TAC, and TALC were measured. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. HPLC detected gallic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the extracts. The sprout extracts contained six compounds, with caffeic acid being the most abundant. Gallic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, and rutin were highest in soybean, black sesame, mustard, sunflower, white radish, and black sesame sprouts, respectively. Sunflower sprouts had the highest level of TCC while soybean sprouts had the highest level of TFC, Taiwanese morning glory had the highest level of TPC, mustard sprouts had the highest level of TALC, and black sesame sprouts had the highest level of TAC. Taiwanese morning glories scavenged the most DPPH and ABTS radicals. Colored and white radish sprouts had similar ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Antioxidation mechanisms varied by compound. Our findings demonstrated that sprouts have biological effects, and their short time for mass production offers an alternative food source for health benefits, and that they are useful for future research development of natural products and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visessakseth So
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Philip Poul
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Sokunvary Oeung
- Division of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Pich Srey
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Kimchhay Mao
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Huykhim Ung
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Poliny Eng
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Mengkhim Heim
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Marnick Srun
- Department of Technology Research and Development, National Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Phnom Penh 120601, Cambodia
| | - Chantha Chheng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Sin Chea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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9
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Yu C, Guo C, Geng X, Yao Y, Guo J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Mi S. Effects of fruits and vegetables on gut microbiota in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:794-805. [PMID: 36789067 PMCID: PMC9922138 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on gut microbiota using a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group (C), high-fat diet-fed model group (H), high fat plus low intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.LFV), high fat plus high intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.HFV), and each group were fed for 60 days. During the experiment, mouse body weights were recorded and fecal samples were collected. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract fecal bacterial DNA, and the purity and concentration of the DNA were detected by electrophoresis. DNA samples underwent PCR amplification (primers in 16 S V4 (515F and 806R)). Raw sequencing data were processed, and sample complexity and multiple-sample comparisons were investigated. Mouse organ coefficient, serum lipid levels, fecal TC (total cholesterol) and TBA (total bile acid) levels, and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were determined. Compared to the H group, the fecal TC and TBA levels decreased significantly in the H.HFV group (p < .05), and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in both H.LFV and H.HFV groups (p < .05). Decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Burkholderiales, Syntrophomonas, and Pseudomonadales in gut microbiota was observed in H.LFV and H.HFV groups compared to the H group. The Anosim results showed significant differences in pairwise comparison between groups. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that k_bacteria not only exhibited statistically differences between H and C groups but also among H.LFV, H.LFV, and H groups, and hence, could be used as a biomarker between groups. To sum up, fruit and vegetable powder could increase the fecal excretion of TC and TBA, and the antioxidant capacity in C57BL/6N mice. Meanwhile, the mechanism that fruit and vegetable powder could prevent MS in C57BL/6N mice was related to the decreased abundance of gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Syntrophomonadales, and Pseudomonadales. Hence, fruit and vegetable powder could be used as a recommended food to regulate gut microbiota and prevent the occurrence of MS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yu
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cang Guo
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Changping LaboratoryBeijingChina
| | - Xueying Geng
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuyang Yao
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junxia Guo
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengquan Mi
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional FoodsBeijing Union UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Li M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Geng R, Fang J, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Eugenol, A Major Component of Clove Oil, Attenuates Adiposity and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200387. [PMID: 36029106 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Eugenol (EU), the major aromatic compound derived from clove oil, is being focused recently due to its potential in preventing several chronic conditions. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential of EU in obesity prevention and to delineate the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with EU (0.2%, w/w) for 13 weeks. EU significantly reduced obesity-related indexes including final body weight, body weight gain, adipocyte size, visceral fat-pad weight, and fasting blood glucose. EU prevented HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as indicated by the increase of Firmicutes and decrease of Desulfobacterota at phylum level, and the increase of Dubosiella, Blautia, unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae, and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, and the decrease of Alistipes, Alloprevotella, and Bilophila at genus level. Notably, the obesity-related indexes were positively correlated with the relative abundances of Bacteroides, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Colidextribacter, and Bilophila, and negatively correlated with the relative abundances of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Moreover, the preventive effects of EU on obesity were accompanied by the transcriptomic reprogramming of white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that EU prevents the HFD-induced adiposity and modulates gut dysbiosis, and highlighted the potential of EU in obesity intervention as a functional dietary supplement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muangun, 58554, Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
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11
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Zheng J, Zhang L, Gao Y, Wu H, Zhang J. The dynamic effects of maternal high-calorie diet on glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota from weaning to adulthood in offspring mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:941969. [PMID: 35928844 PMCID: PMC9343994 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.941969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota can contribute to the progression of diabetes and obesity. Previous studies have shown that maternal high-fat (HF) diet during the perinatal period can alter the microbiota and induce metabolic disorders at weaning. However, whether dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolism could be recovered by a normal diet after weaning and the dynamic changes of gut microbiota have not been fully studied. In this study, C57BL/6J female mice were fed with a normal chow (NC) or HF diet for 4 weeks preconception, during gestation, and until pup weaning. After weaning, male offspring were fed with an NC diet until 9 weeks of age. The microbiota of offspring at weaning and 9 weeks of age was collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found that dams fed with an HF diet showed glucose intolerance after lactation. Compared with the offspring from NC dams, the offspring from HF dams exhibited a higher body weight, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and leptin resistance and lower adiponectin at weaning. Fecal analysis indicated altered microbiota composition between the offspring of the two groups. The decrease in favorable bacteria (such as norank f Bacteroidales S24-7 group) and increase in unfavorable bacteria (such as Lachnoclostridium and Desulfovibrio) were strongly associated with a disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism. After 6 weeks of normal diet, no difference in body weight, glucose, and lipid profiles was observed between the offspring of the two groups. However, the microbiota composition of offspring in the HF group was still different from that in the NC group, and microbiota diversity was lower in offspring of the HF group. The abundance of Lactobacillus was lower in the offspring of the HF group. In conclusion, a maternal HF diet can induce metabolic homeostasis and gut microbiota disturbance in offspring at weaning. Gut microbiota dysbiosis can persist into adulthood in the offspring, which might have a role in the promotion of susceptibility to obesity and diabetes in the later life of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Li F, Cao J, Wang Z, Liao X, Hu X, Zhang Y. Dual aggregation in ground state and ground-excited state induced by high concentrations contributes to chlorophyll stability. Food Chem 2022; 383:132447. [PMID: 35182875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) has great application potential in food colouring and nutritional supplementation. Since Chl is easily degraded, stability protection is vital to its application. Herein, a dual aggregation mechanism induced by high concentrations to improve Chl stability was proposed. As a result, the Chl retention at high concentrations increased to 323.92% of that at low concentrations. To explain aggregation, the Chl dimer was observed by atomic force microscopy, and a stable structural model of the Chl a "sandwich" dimer was established. It was proven that Chl dimer stability was dominated by van der Waals (vdW) interactions, while monomer orientation during aggregation was dominated by electrostatic interactions. Charge transfer (CT) was also shown to be a key interaction in the dimer. Excitation at 393 nm was first proposed for CT identification. This research hopes to provide new ideas for the design of food ingredients in human health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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13
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High-intensity interval training with or without chlorella vulgaris supplementation in obese and overweight women: effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:200-210. [PMID: 34433510 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and chlorella vulgaris (CV) on body composition and mitochondrial biogenesis have been shown in some mechanistic studies. This study aimed to determine the effects of CV and/or HIIT on mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition among overweight/obese women. There was a significant reduction in the fat mass (FM) of the CV + HIIT group, as compared with the placebo group (P = 0·005). A marginal significant increase in body water (P = 0·050) and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (P = 0·050) was also found only in the CV + HIIT group, as compared with the placebo. Relative (P < 0·001) and absolute (P < 0·001) VO2max, as well as Bruce MET (P < 0·001), were significantly increased in the HIIT and HIIT + CV groups. Besides, the synergistic effect of CV and HIIT on the Bruce MET increment was found (interaction P-value = 0·029). No significant changes were observed in BMI, fat-free mass, visceral fat, silent information regulator 1 and fibroblast growth factor-21. In this randomised clinical trial, forty-six overweight/obese women were assigned to four groups including CV + HIIT and HIIT + placebo groups that received three capsules of CV (300 mg capsules, three times a day) or corn starch, in combination with three sessions/week of HIIT. CV and placebo groups only received 900 mg of CV or corn starch, daily, for 8 weeks. Biochemical assessments, performance assessment and body composition were obtained at the beginning and end of the intervention. HIIT may be, therefore, effective in improving mitochondrial biogenesis, performance and body composition in overweight/obese women.
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14
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Mayer C, Côme M, Ulmann L, Martin I, Zittelli GC, Faraloni C, Ouguerram K, Chénais B, Mimouni V. The Potential of the Marine Microalga Diacronema lutheri in the Prevention of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat-Fed Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134246. [PMID: 35807489 PMCID: PMC9268017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series (n-3 LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, are known to exert preventive effects on obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, LC-PUFAs n-3 are also found in significant quantities in other sources such as certain microalgae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diacronema lutheri (Dia), a microalga rich in n-3 LC-PUFAs, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high-fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of Dia (HF-Dia). Compared to HF rats, HF-Dia rats showed a 41% decrease in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and an increase in plasma cholesterol (+35%) as well as in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+51%) without change to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although fasting glycemia did not change, glucose and insulin tolerance tests highlighted an improvement in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Dia supplementation restored body weight and fat mass, and decreased levels of liver TAG (−75%) and cholesterol (−84%). In HF-Dia rats, leptin was decreased (−30%) below the control level corresponding to a reduction of 68% compared to HF rats. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 were restored up to control levels, corresponding to a 74% and 58% increase in HF rats, respectively. In contrast, the level of IL-6 remained similar in the HF and HF-Dia groups and about twice that of the control. In conclusion, these results indicated that the D. lutheri microalga may be beneficial for the prevention of weight gain and improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Martine Côme
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabelle Martin
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRAe, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Benoît Chénais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
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15
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Zhao Q, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Wang H, Dai Z, Yang X, Ren X, Xue Y, Shen Q. Cooked Adzuki Bean Reduces High-Fat Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain, Ameliorates Inflammation, and Modulates Intestinal Homeostasis in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918696. [PMID: 35782919 PMCID: PMC9241564 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adzuki bean is widely consumed in East Asia. Although the positive effects of its biologically active ingredients on obesity have been confirmed, the role of whole cooked adzuki bean in preventing obesity and the relationship between the effects and gut microbiota remain unclear. Mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 15% cooked adzuki bean for 12 weeks. Cooked adzuki bean significantly inhibited weight gain and hepatic steatosis, reduced high levels of serum triacylglycerol (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alleviated systemic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in mice fed a HFD. Importantly, cooked adzuki bean regulated gut microbiota composition, decreased the abundance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria (Desulfovibrionaceae,Helicobacter,and Bilophila), and HFD-dependent taxa (Deferribacteraceae, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminiclostridium, Mucispirillum, Oscillibacter, Enterorhabdus, Tyzzerella, Anaerotruncus, Intestinimonas, unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium_5, and Ruminococcaceae), and enriched Muribaculaceae, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Anaeroplasma, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Lachnospiraceae to alleviate inflammation and metabolic disorders induced by HFD. These findings provide new evidence for understanding the anti-obesity effect of cooked adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehao Yang
- Cofco Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Shen,
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16
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Fang X, Wu H, Wang X, Lian F, Li M, Miao R, Wei J, Tian J. Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites by Berberine in Treating Mice With Disturbances in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870407. [PMID: 35721198 PMCID: PMC9204213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances has become the third major disease after cancer and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Emerging evidence shows that berberine can effectively intervene glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances, but the underlying mechanisms of this remain unclear. To investigate this issue, we performed metagenomic and metabolomic analysis in a group of normal mice (the NC group), mice with disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism (the MC group) and mice with disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism after berberine intervention (the BER group). Result: Firstly, analysis of the clinical indicators revealed that berberine significantly improved the blood glucose and blood lipid of the host. The fasting blood glucose level decreased by approximately 30% in the BER group after 8 weeks and the oral glucose tolerance test showed that the blood glucose level of the BER group was lower than that of the MC group at any time. Besides, berberine significantly reduced body weight, total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride. Secondly, compared to the NC group, we found dramatically decreased microbial richness and diversity in the MC group and BER group. Thirdly, LDA effect size suggested that berberine significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many bacteria, including Akkermansia (p < 0.01), Eubacterium (p < 0.01) and Ruminococcus (p < 0.01). Fourthly, the metabolomic analysis suggested that there were significant differences in the metabolomics signature of each group. For example, isoleucine (p < 0.01), phenylalanine (p < 0.05), and arbutin (p < 0.05) significantly increased in the MC group, and berberine intervention significantly reduced them. The arbutin content in the BER group was even lower than that in the NC group. Fifthly, by combined analysis of metagenomics and metabolomics, we observed that there were significantly negative correlations between the reduced faecal metabolites (e.g., arbutin) in the BER group and the enriched gut microbiota (e.g., Eubacterium and Ruminococcus) (p < 0.05). Finally, the correlation analysis between gut microbiota and clinical indices indicated that the bacteria (e.g., Eubacterium) enriched in the BER group were negatively associated with the above-mentioned clinical indices (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, our results describe that the changes of gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with berberine improving glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxing Tian,
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Chlorophyll Inhibits the Digestion of Soybean Oil in Simulated Human Gastrointestinal System. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091749. [PMID: 35565719 PMCID: PMC9101154 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much available processed and highly palatable food such as cream products and fried and convenient food, which usually showed a high energy density, had caused an increase in the intake of dietary lipids, further leading to significant growth in the prevalence of obesity. Chlorophyll, widespread in fruits and vegetables, was proven to have beneficial effects on alleviating obesity. This study investigated the effects of chlorophyll on the digestive characteristics of lipids under in vitro simulated adult and infant gastrointestinal systems. Chlorophyll decreased the release rate of free fatty acid (FFA) during in vitro adult and infant intestinal digestion by 69.2% and 60.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, after gastrointestinal digestion, chlorophyll changed the FFA composition of soybean oil emulsion and increased the particle size of oil droplets. Interestingly, with the addition of chlorophyll, the activity of pancreatic lipase was inhibited during digestion, which may be related to pheophytin (a derivative of chlorophyll after gastric digestion). Therefore, the results obtained from isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking further elucidated that pheophytin could bind to pancreatic lipase with a strong affinity of (4.38 ± 0.76) × 107 M-1 (Ka), while the binding site was amino acid residue Trp253. The investigation not only explained why chlorophyll inhibited digestive enzyme activity to reduce lipids digestion but also provided exciting opportunities for developing novel chlorophyll-based healthy products for dietary application in preventing obesity.
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Li X, Bi R, Xiao K, Roy A, Zhang Z, Chen X, Peng J, Wang R, Yang R, Shen X, Irwin DM, Shen Y. Hen raising helps chicks establish gut microbiota in their early life and improve microbiota stability after H9N2 challenge. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:14. [PMID: 35074015 PMCID: PMC8785444 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early gut microbial colonization is important for postnatal growth and immune development of the chicken. However, at present, commercial chickens are hatched and raised without adult hens, thus are cut off from the microbiota transfer between hens and chicks. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota composition between hen-reared and separately reared chicks, and its impact on the resistance to H9N2 avian influenza virus, with the motive of investigating the impact of this cutoff in microbiota transfer. RESULTS We used the 16SrRNA sequencing method to assess the composition of the gut microbiota in chicks represented by three hen-reared groups and one separately reared group. We found that the diversity of gut microbes in the chicks from the three hen-reared groups was more abundant than in the separately reared group, both at the phylum and genus levels. Our findings highlight the importance of early parental care in influencing the establishment of gut microbiota in the early life of chicks. SourceTracker analysis showed that the feather and cloaca microbiota of hens are the main sources of gut microbiota of chicks. After H9N2 exposure, the viral infection lasted longer in the separately reared chicks, with the viral titers in their oropharyngeal swabs being higher compared to the hen-reared chicks at day 5 post-infection. Interestingly, our results revealed that the gut microbiota of the hen-reared chicks was more stable after H9N2 infection in comparison to that of the separately reared chicks. CONCLUSIONS Microbiota transfer between the hens and their chicks promotes the establishment of a balanced and diverse microbiota in the early life of the chicks and improves microbiota stability after H9N2 challenge. These findings advance our understanding of the protective role of gut microbiota in the early life of chicks and should be instrumental in improving chick rearing in the commercial poultry industry. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kangpeng Xiao
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinyu Peng
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ruichen Wang
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rou Yang
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526238, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yongyi Shen
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526238, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Chang TT, Chen JW. Direct CCL4 Inhibition Modulates Gut Microbiota, Reduces Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide, and Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes Mellitus. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6237-6250. [PMID: 34866923 PMCID: PMC8637434 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Modulation of the gut microbiota may lead to changes in pathological conditions. C-C chemokine motif ligand (CCL) 4 was upregulated in diabetes mellitus (DM) and was shown to play a significant role in pancreatic inflammation and glucose metabolism. The detailed in vivo mechanisms have not been well explored. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that direct CCL4 inhibition could modify gut microbiota and systemic metabolism in diet-induced DM mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were used as a diet-induced DM model. CCL4 inhibition was conducted by anti-CCL4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The gut microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to verify the effect of CCL4 deficiency on gut microbiota and the linkage between CCL4-modulated gut microbiota and HFD-induced DM. Results CCL4 inhibition stabilized glucose homeostasis, modulated lipid parameter, and decreased inflammatory markers in HFD-induced DM mice. Moreover, CCL4 inhibition reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, evidenced by the decreased abundance of family Muribaculaceae and increased abundance of family Atopobiaceae when CCL4 antibodies were administrated. CCL4 inhibition led to a decrease in circulating trimethylamine N-oxide levels, a proinflammatory metabolite from gut microbiota. Taken together, CCL4 inhibition could modify gut microbiota profiles, suppress proinflammatory metabolites, reduce systemic inflammation, improve insulin resistance, and retard the progression of hyperglycemia in HFD-induced DM. Furthermore, FMT from CCL4 knockout mice rescued the glucose homeostasis in HFD-induced DM mice. Conclusion Our findings may not only provide a novel rationale to in vivo CCL4-based therapeutic approach in diet-induced DM but also indicate the significance of gut microbiota profile including the family Muribaculaceae and the family Atopobiaceae as a potential modifiable target for systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Lyu X, Yan K, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhu H, Pan H, Lin G, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. The characterization of metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue of diabetic GK Rats after ileal transposition surgery by an untargeted metabolomics approach. Adipocyte 2021; 10:275-284. [PMID: 33975515 PMCID: PMC8118414 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1926139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of adipose tissue could lead to insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, our present study aimed to investigate metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diabetic GK rats after IT surgery. Ten-week-old male diabetic GK rats were randomly subjected to IT and Sham-IT surgery. Six weeks later, the untargeted metabolomics in WAT of diabetic GK rats was performed. Differential metabolites were selected according to the coefficient of variation (CV) of quality control (QC) sample <30%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1 and P < 0.05. Then, the hierarchical clustering of differential metabolites was conducted and the KEGG database was used for metabolic pathway analysis. A total of 50 (in positive ion mode) and 68 (in negative ion mode) metabolites were identified as differential metabolites in WAT of diabetic GK rats between IT group and Sham-IT group, respectively. These differential metabolites were well clustered, which in descending order of the number of involved differential metabolites is ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, AMPK signalling pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and bile secretion, and correlated with the parameters of body weight, food intake, WAT mass and glucose metabolism, which were significantly improved after IT surgery. The differential metabolites in WAT of diabetic GK rats were mainly related to the pathway of energy metabolism, and correlated with the improved phenotypes of diabetic GK rats after IT surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lyu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Kemin Yan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Hui Pan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Guole Lin
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Fengying Gong
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
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21
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Weng G, Duan Y, Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng J, Zhang S, Yin Y, Deng J. Plant Extracts in Obesity: A Role of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:727951. [PMID: 34631766 PMCID: PMC8495072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.727951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the most serious chronic diseases threatening human health. Its occurrence and development are closely associated with gut microbiota since the disorders of gut microbiota can promote endotoxin production and induce inflammatory response. Recently, numerous plant extracts have been proven to mitigate lipid dysmetabolism and obesity syndrome by regulating the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of different plant extracts including mulberry leaf extract, policosanol, cortex moutan, green tea, honokiol, and capsaicin in regulating obesity via gut microbiota. Based on the current findings, plant extracts may be promising agents for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, and the mechanisms might be associated with gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Piovan A, Battaglia J, Filippini R, Dalla Costa V, Facci L, Argentini C, Pagetta A, Giusti P, Zusso M. Pre- and Early Post-treatment With Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Extract Impedes Lipopolysaccharide-triggered Neuroinflammation in Microglia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724993. [PMID: 34566649 PMCID: PMC8458903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and microglia activation lead to cellular and tissue damage contributing to neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont, or Spirulina platensis), a blue-green microalga, which belongs to the class of cyanobacteria, has been studied for its numerous health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory properties, among others. Furthermore, in vivo studies have highlighted neuroprotective effects of Spirulina from neuroinflammatory insults in different brain areas. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the microalga are not completely understood. In this study we examined the effect of pre- and post-treatment with an acetone extract of Spirulina (E1) in an in vitro model of LPS-induced microglia activation. Methods: The effect of E1 on the release of IL-1β and TNF-α, expression of iNOS, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the activation of NF-κB was investigated in primary microglia by ELISA, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. Results: Pre- and early post-treatment with non-cytotoxic concentrations of E1 down-regulated the release of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the over-expression of iNOS induced by LPS. E1 also significantly blocked the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, and upregulated gene and protein levels of Nrf2, as well as gene expression of HO-1. Conclusions: These results indicate that the extract of Spirulina can be useful in the control of microglia activation and neuroinflammatory processes. This evidence can support future in vivo studies to test pre- and post-treatment effects of the acetone extract from Spirulina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jessica Battaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaella Filippini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanessa Dalla Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Facci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Argentini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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23
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Liang C, Zhou XH, Jiao YH, Guo MJ, Meng L, Gong PM, Lyu LZ, Niu HY, Wu YF, Chen SW, Han X, Zhang LW. Ligilactobacillus Salivarius LCK11 Prevents Obesity by Promoting PYY Secretion to Inhibit Appetite and Regulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100136. [PMID: 34272917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is a common disease worldwide and there is an urgent need for strategies to preventing obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS The anti-obesity effect and mechanism of Ligilactobacillus salivarius LCK11 (LCK11) is studied using a C57BL/6J male mouse model in which obesity is induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Results show that LCK11 can prevent HFD-induced obesity, reflected as inhibited body weight gain, abdominal and liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia. Analysis of its mechanism shows that on the one hand, LCK11 can inhibit food intake through significantly improving the transcriptional and translational levels of peptide YY (PYY) in the rectum, in addition to the eventual serum PYY level; this is attributed to the activation of the toll-like receptor 2/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in enteroendocrine L cells by the peptidoglycan of LCK11. On the other hand, LCK11 supplementation effectively reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and shifts the overall structure of the HFD-disrupted gut microbiota toward that of mice fed on a low-fat diet; this also contributes to preventing obesity. CONCLUSION LCK11 shows the potential to be used as a novel probiotic for preventing obesity by both promoting PYY secretion to inhibit food intake and regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | | | - Yue-Hua Jiao
- Drug safety evaluation center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Mei-Jie Guo
- Department of Adolescent Medical Clinic, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Li Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150500, China
| | - Pi-Min Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lin-Zheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Hai-Yue Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Shi-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Lan-Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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24
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Transformation pathways and metabolic activity of free chlorophyll compounds from chloroplast thylakoid membrane under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in early life. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Cai H, Wen Z, Meng K, Yang P. Metabolomic signatures for liver tissue and cecum contents in high-fat diet-induced obese mice based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:69. [PMID: 34193189 PMCID: PMC8243746 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and it is a risk factor for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Our previous study had demonstrated that high-fat diet induced increased weight gain, fat weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and ATL levels in liver, and influenced the diversity and composition of cecal microbiota in mice. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the roles of the gut microbially derived metabolites and liver metabolites between the obese and lean mice, focusing on their association with the progression of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Methods An obesity model in mice was established with HFD for 16 weeks. Cecal contents and liver tissues metabolomics based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) was performed to identify the alterations in metabolites associated with obese mice. Results Obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated from each other on OPLS-DA score plot and major metabolites contributing to the discrimination were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. HFD-induced alterations of 19 metabolites in liver and 43 metabolites in cecum contents were identified as potential biomarkers related to obesity. Specifically, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholate, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid in liver were elevated 35.94, 24.36, and 18.71-fold, respectively. PI(P-16:0/18:1(9Z)), PG(19:0/16:0), PS(P-16:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)), PI(22:1(11Z)/12:0), and PE(21:0/0:0) in cecum were enhanced 884, 640.96, 226.63, 210.10, 45.13-fold in comparison with the lean mice. These metabolites were the most important biomarkers for discriminating between the obese and lean mice. In addition, cecum contents metabolites were strongly correlated with hepatic metabolites through gut-liver axis analysis. Conclusions HFD increased lipid profiles (i.e. glycerophospholipids, PC, PE, PI, PG, and PS) and total bile acid (primary and secondary bile acid) in liver and cecum, suggesting that they may play an important role in the progression of obesity. These metabolites can be used to better understand obesity and related disease induced by HFD. Furthermore, the level alterations of these metabolites can be used to assess the risk of obesity and the therapeutic effect of obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cai
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Meng
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Liang C, Zhou XH, Gong PM, Niu HY, Lyu LZ, Wu YF, Han X, Zhang LW. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum H-87 prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating bile acid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4315-4324. [PMID: 34031676 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-producing bacteria are negatively related to the body weight gain and energy storage of the host. We aimed to obtain a novel BSH-producing strain with excellent anti-obesity effect and explained its mechanism. Here, we selected a strain named Lactiplantibacillus plantarum H-87 (H-87) with excellent ability to hydrolyze glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in vitro from 12 lactobacilli, and evaluated its anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. The results suggested that H-87 could inhibit HFD-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation, liver lipogenesis and injury, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. In addition, H-87 could colonize in the ileum and hydrolyze GCDCA and TUDCA, reflected as changes in the concentrations of GCDCA, TUDCA, CDCA and UDCA in the ileum or liver. Furthermore, the study identified that H-87 reduced TUDCA and GCDCA levels in the ileum, which decreased the GLP-1 secretion by L cells to alleviate insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, H-87 increased the CDCA level in the ileum and liver to activate FXR signaling pathways to inhibit liver lipogenesis in HFD-fed mice. In addition, the decrease of intestinal conjugated bile acids (TUDCA and GCDCA) also increased fecal lipid content and decreased intestinal lipid digestibility. In conclusion, H-87 could inhibit liver fat deposition, insulin resistance and lipid digestion by changing bile acid enterohepatic circulation, and eventually alleviate HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150010, China.
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27
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Mayer C, Richard L, Côme M, Ulmann L, Nazih H, Chénais B, Ouguerram K, Mimouni V. The Marine Microalga, Tisochrysis lutea, Protects against Metabolic Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:430. [PMID: 33525643 PMCID: PMC7911999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series and especially docosahexaenoic acid are known to exert preventive effects on metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and decrease cardiovascular disease risk. n-3 LC-PUFAs are mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, while other sources, such as certain microalgae, may contain a high content of these fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tisochrysis lutea (Tiso), a microalga rich in DHA, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three male Wistar rat groups were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of T. lutea (HF-Tiso). The supplementation did not affect plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). Bodyweight, glycemia and insulinemia decreased in HF-Tiso rats (ANOVA, p < 0.001), while total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (ANOVA, p < 0.001) without change of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Tiso supplementation decreased fat mass and leptinemia as well as liver TAG, cholesterol and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (ANOVA, p < 0.001) while it did not affect interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4 and lipopolysaccharides levels. HF-Tiso rats showed an increase of IL-10 level in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA, p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results indicated that DHA-rich T. lutea might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity and improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
| | | | - Martine Côme
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
| | - Hassan Nazih
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, UFR Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, CEDEX 1, 44035 Nantes, France;
| | - Benoît Chénais
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRAe, University of Nantes, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- EA 2160 MMS, Mer Molécules Santé, IUML FR 3473 CNRS, Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, CEDEX 9, 53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.)
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Lu F, Li Y, Zhou B, Guo Q, Zhang Y. Early-life supplementation of grape polyphenol extract promotes polyphenol absorption and modulates the intestinal microbiota in association with the increase in mRNA expression of the key intestinal barrier genes. Food Funct 2021; 12:602-613. [PMID: 33346297 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early-life nutritional supplementation can dramatically influence health status. Dietary polyphenols are a widespread group of phytochemicals with potential bioactive functions. However, how polyphenol intake during early life affects health status remains largely unknown. Mice aged 3- and 6-weeks were used to investigate how grape polyphenol extract (GPE) administration during early life altered polyphenol absorption, the intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal barrier. After a 2-week GPE supplementation, there were more diverse polyphenol metabolites in the plasma of 3-week-old mice than in the plasma of 6-week-old mice. Correspondingly, GPE supplementation increased the mRNA expression of genes related to polyphenol absorption in 3-week-old mice but not 6-week-old mice. Early-life GPE administration also stimulated the key genes of the small intestinal barrier in mice. Moreover, the key genes of the small intestinal barrier were positively associated with the genes related to polyphenol absorption in the small intestine of 3-week-old mice. In addition, fecal Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were increased, as evidenced by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As a result, the acetate and butyrate production in the large intestinal content was enhanced, and the mRNA expression of the key genes involved in the large intestinal barrier was also increased. Thus, our study demonstrates that dietary polyphenol intake in early life induces improvements in polyphenol absorption, the intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal barrier, suggesting the importance of polyphenol-rich nutritional programming during early life on health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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29
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Biological transformation of chlorophyll-rich spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) extracts under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Food Res Int 2020; 139:109941. [PMID: 33509495 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll can be obtained from a variety of green vegetables. In this study, chlorophyll-rich spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) extracts were subjected to early-life and adult-life gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in a murine model in vitro to investigate the biological transformation of the chlorophyll. Chlorophylls a and b were the main compounds present in the extracts. Furthermore, some other compounds were also confirmed, such as 151-hydroxy-lactone chlorophyll a, 132-hydroxy chlorophyll a, and 151-hydroxy-lactone chlorophyll b. Chlorophylls favored pheophytinization and oxidative reactions under in vitro early-life and adult-life gastrointestinal digestion, leading to the formation of pheophytin a, pheophytin b, 132-hydroxy pheophytin a, and 151-hydroxy-lactone pheophytin a. 16S rRNA gene sequencing conveyed that pheophytins modulated the gut microbiota composition during in vitro colonic fermentation. Notably, Blautia in the gut microbiota of 3-week-old mice (early life) and unclassified Lachnospiraceae in 8-week-old mice (adult life) were advantageous for transforming the pheophytins to pheophorbide a, pheophorbide b, 151-hydroxy-lactone pheophorbide a, and 132-hydroxy pheophorbide a, thereby demonstrating the loss of the phytol chain in the pheophytins. Meanwhile, total short-chain fatty acids, as well as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, were increased by the process of microbial fermentation in the presence of pheophytins. Our study provides fundamental insight into the contribution of diverse gut microbiota functions toward the biological transformation of pheophytins.
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30
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Huang X, Ouyang Q, Ran M, Zeng B, Deng L, Hu S, Yang M, Li G, Deng T, He M, Li T, Yang H, Zhang G, Zhang H, Zeng C, Wang J. The immune and metabolic changes with age in giant panda blood by combined transcriptome and DNA methylation analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21777-21797. [PMID: 33188156 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered mammalian species. Exploring immune and metabolic changes that occur in giant pandas with age is important for their protection. In this study, we systematically investigated the physiological and biochemical indicators in blood, as well as the transcriptome, and methylation profiles of young, adult, and old giant pandas. The white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) concentrations increased significantly with age (young to adult), and some indicators related to blood glucose and lipids also changed significantly with age. In the transcriptome analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in comparisons of the young and adult (257), adult and old (20), young and old (744) groups. Separation of the DEGs into eight profiles according to the expression trend using short time-series expression miner (STEM) software revealed that most DEGs were downregulated with age. Functional analysis showed that most DEGs were associated with disease and that these DEGs were also associated with the immune system and metabolism. Furthermore, gene methylation in giant pandas decreased globally with age, and the expression of CCNE1, CD79A, IL1R1, and TCF7 showed a highly negative correlation with their degree of methylation. These results indicate that the giant panda's immune function improves gradually with age (young to adult), and that changes in the methylation profile are involved in the effects of age on immune and metabolic functions. These results have important implications for the understanding and conservation of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.,China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyuan Ouyang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxia Ran
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Linhua Deng
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Deng
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming He
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Ti Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Haidi Yang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiquan Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Yu T, Guo J, Zhu S, Li M, Zhu Z, Cheng S, Wang S, Sun Y, Cong X. Protective effects of selenium-enriched peptides from Cardamine violifolia against high-fat diet induced obesity and its associated metabolic disorders in mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31411-31424. [PMID: 35520651 PMCID: PMC9056391 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-enriched peptides from Cardamine violifolia (CSP) have excellent antioxidant functions but little is known about their effects on obesity and associated metabolic disorders in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD with or without CSP supplementation (CSPL: 26 μg Se per kg bw per d; CSPH: 104 μg per kg bw per d) for 10 weeks. The results showed that both CSPL and CSPH could ameliorate overweight gain, excess fat accumulation, serum lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. The potential mechanism might be associated with the increase in thermogenesis, reduced oxidative stress, and inflammation, which regulated the gene expression in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. In addition, CSPL and CSPH also maintained the intestinal integrity and modulated the gut microbiota. Increased Blautia in CSP may be involved in the protective effect against obesity. Furthermore, a distinct increase in Lactobacillus was exclusively found in CSPH, suggesting that a more effective function of CSPH on metabolic disorders might be through the synergism of Blautia and Lactobacillus. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that these specific genera were significantly correlated with the metabolic improvements. Taken together, CSP supplementation prevented HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders, probably by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation, regulating metabolic genes, and modulating the gut microbiota compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd. Enshi 445000 China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Song Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xin Cong
- Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd. Enshi 445000 China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China
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32
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Nazmul Huda M, Winnike JH, Crowell JM, O'Connor A, Bennett BJ. Microbial modulation of host body composition and plasma metabolic profile. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6545. [PMID: 32300219 PMCID: PMC7162933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a critical mediator of nutrition and disease risk. Like most complex traits, the microbiome is under genetic regulation and differs between inbred strains of mice. We tested the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on obesity, and plasma glucose. For this study, we collected microbiota from 2 inbred strains of mice which differ in adiposity and glucose tolerance, C57BL/6J and WSB/EiJ. C57BL/6J female mice (n = 18) were first treated with antibiotics for 4 weeks to ablate the microbiota. Following ablation, the mice were transplanted with microbiota from a C57BL/6J or a WSB/EiJ mouse and clinical traits and plasma metabolomic profiles were interrogated at 2- and 4-weeks post-transplantation. Unexpectedly, the mice receiving WSB/EiJ microbiota increased adiposity but decreased plasma glucose. Metabolomic and 16S microbiota profiling indicated broad metabolic changes occurred during and after FMT. Detailed analysis of these interactions demonstrated specific microbiota-host metabolite interactions which may alter disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazmul Huda
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jason H Winnike
- David H. Murdock Research Institute (DHRMI), Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Crowell
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Annalouise O'Connor
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
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33
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Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi F, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Thylakoids in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Issues. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1710747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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