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Keppler J. Laying the foundations for a theory of consciousness: the significance of critical brain dynamics for the formation of conscious states. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1379191. [PMID: 38736531 PMCID: PMC11082359 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1379191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence indicates that conscious states, distinguished by the presence of phenomenal qualities, are closely linked to synchronized neural activity patterns whose dynamical characteristics can be attributed to self-organized criticality and phase transitions. These findings imply that insight into the mechanism by which the brain controls phase transitions will provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanism by which the brain manages to transcend the threshold of consciousness. This article aims to show that the initiation of phase transitions and the formation of synchronized activity patterns is due to the coupling of the brain to the zero-point field (ZPF), which plays a central role in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The ZPF stands for the presence of ubiquitous vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field, represented by a spectrum of normal modes. With reference to QED-based model calculations, the details of the coupling mechanism are revealed, suggesting that critical brain dynamics is governed by the resonant interaction of the ZPF with the most abundant neurotransmitter glutamate. The pyramidal neurons in the cortical microcolumns turn out to be ideally suited to control this interaction. A direct consequence of resonant glutamate-ZPF coupling is the amplification of specific ZPF modes, which leads us to conclude that the ZPF is the key to the understanding of consciousness and that the distinctive feature of neurophysiological processes associated with conscious experience consists in modulating the ZPF. Postulating that the ZPF is an inherently sentient field and assuming that the spectrum of phenomenal qualities is represented by the normal modes of the ZPF, the significance of resonant glutamate-ZPF interaction for the formation of conscious states becomes apparent in that the amplification of specific ZPF modes is inextricably linked with the excitation of specific phenomenal qualities. This theory of consciousness, according to which phenomenal states arise through resonant amplification of zero-point modes, is given the acronym TRAZE. An experimental setup is specified that can be used to test a corollary of the theory, namely, the prediction that normally occurring conscious perceptions are absent under experimental conditions in which resonant glutamate-ZPF coupling is disrupted.
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Zhan H, Chen Y, Cui Y, Zeng Y, Feng X, Tan C, Huang C, Lin E, Huang Y, Chen Z. Pure-Shift-Based Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for High-Resolution Studies of Biological Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4698. [PMID: 38731917 PMCID: PMC11083948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) presents a powerful tool for revealing molecular-level metabolite information, complementary to the anatomical insight delivered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thus playing a significant role in in vivo/in vitro biological studies. However, its further applications are generally confined by spectral congestion caused by numerous biological metabolites contained within the limited proton frequency range. Herein, we propose a pure-shift-based 1H localized MRS method as a proof of concept for high-resolution studies of biological samples. Benefitting from the spectral simplification from multiplets to singlet peaks, this method addresses the challenge of spectral congestion encountered in conventional MRS experiments and facilitates metabolite analysis from crowded NMR resonances. The performance of the proposed pure-shift 1H MRS method is demonstrated on different kinds of samples, including brain metabolite phantom and in vitro biological samples of intact pig brain tissue and grape tissue, using a 7.0 T animal MRI scanner. This proposed MRS method is readily implemented in common commercial NMR/MRI instruments because of its generally adopted pulse-sequence modules. Therefore, this study takes a meaningful step for MRS studies toward potential applications in metabolite analysis and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Inspection Technology and Instrument, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yinping Cui
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yunsong Zeng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaozhen Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengda Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Enping Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Armbruster R, Wilson N, Elliott MA, Liu F, Benyard B, Jacobs P, Swain A, Nanga RPR, Reddy R. Repeatability of Lac+ measurements in healthy human brain at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5158. [PMID: 38584133 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo quantification of lactate has numerous applications in studying the pathology of both cerebral and musculoskeletal systems. Due to its low concentration (~0.5-1 mM), and overlap with lipid signals, traditional 1H MR spectra acquired in vivo using a small voxel and short echo time often result in an inadequate signal to detect and resolve the lactate peak, especially in healthy human volunteers. METHODS In this study, using a semi-LASER acquisition with long echo time (TE = 288 ms) and large voxel size (80 × 70 × 20 mm3), we clearly visualize the combined signal of lactate and threonine. Therefore, we call the signal at 1.33 ppm Lac+ and quantify Lac+ concentration from water suppressed spectra in healthy human brains in vivo. Four participants (22-37 years old; mean age = 28 ± 5.4; three male, one female) were scanned on four separate days, and on each day four measurements were taken. Intra-day values are calculated for each participant by comparing the four measurements on a single day. Inter-day values were calculated using the mean intra-day measurements. RESULTS The mean intra-participant Lac+ concentration, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.49 to 0.61 mM, 0.02 to 0.07 mM, and 4% to 13%, respectively, across four volunteers. The inter-participant Lac+ concentration, SD, and CV was 0.53 mM, ±0.06 mM, and 11%. CONCLUSION Repeatability is shown in Lac+ measurement in healthy human brain using a long echo time semi-LASER sequence with a large voxel in about 3.5 min at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Armbruster
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil Wilson
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Blake Benyard
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Jacobs
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anshuman Swain
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hui SC, Zöllner HJ, Gong T, Hupfeld KE, Gudmundson AT, Murali-Manohar S, Davies-Jenkins CW, Song Y, Chen Y, Oeltzschner G, Wang G, Edden RAE. sLASER and PRESS perform similarly at revealing metabolite-age correlations at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:431-442. [PMID: 37876339 PMCID: PMC10942734 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the respective ability of PRESS and sLASER to reveal biological relationships, using age as a validation covariate at 3 T. METHODS MRS data were acquired from 102 healthy volunteers using PRESS and sLASER in centrum semiovale and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Acquisition parameters included TR/TE = 2000/30 ms, 96 transients, and 2048 datapoints sampled at 2 kHz. Spectra were analyzed using Osprey. SNR, FWHM linewidth of total creatine, and metabolite concentrations were extracted. A linear model was used to compare SNR and linewidth. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences in metabolite measurements between PRESS and sLASER. Correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between PRESS and sLASER metabolite estimates, as well as the strength of each metabolite-age relationship. Coefficients of variation were calculated to assess inter-subject variability in each metabolite measurement. RESULTS SNR and linewidth were significantly higher (p < 0.01) for sLASER than PRESS in PCC. Paired t-tests showed significant differences between PRESS and sLASER in most metabolite measurements. PRESS-sLASER measurements were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) for most metabolites. Metabolite-age relationships were consistently identified using both methods. Similar coefficients of variation were observed for most metabolites. CONCLUSION The study results suggest strong agreement between PRESS and sLASER in identifying relationships between brain metabolites and age in centrum semiovale and PCC data acquired at 3 T. sLASER is technically desirable due to the reduced chemical shift displacement artifact; however, PRESS performed similarly in homogeneous brain regions at clinical field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve C.N. Hui
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Helge J. Zöllner
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kathleen E. Hupfeld
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron T. Gudmundson
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher W. Davies-Jenkins
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yufan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sheikh-Bahaei N, Chen M, Pappas I. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2785:115-142. [PMID: 38427192 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MRS is a noninvasive technique to measure different metabolites in the brain. Changes in the levels of certain metabolites can be used as surrogate markers for Alzheimer's disease. They can potentially be used for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, or even assessing response to treatment.There are different techniques for MRS acquisitions including STimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) and Point Resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS). In terms of localization, single or multi-voxel methods can be used. Based on current data: 1. NAA, marker of neuronal integrity and viability, reduces in AD with longitudinal changes over the time as the disease progresses. There are data claiming that reduction of NAA is associated with tau accumulation, early neurodegenerative processes, and cognitive decline. Therefore, it can be used as a stage biomarker for AD to assess the severity of the disease. With advancement of disease modifying therapies, there is a potential role for NAA in the future to be used as a marker of response to treatment. 2. mI, marker of glial cell proliferation and activation, is associated with AB pathology and has early changes in the course of the disease. The NAA/mI ratio can be predictive of AD development with high specificity and can be utilized in the clinical setting to stratify cases for further evaluation with PET for potential treatments. 3. The changes in the level of other metabolites such as Chol, Glu, Gln, and GABA are controversial because of the lack of standardization of MRS techniques, current technical limitations, and possible region specific changes. 4. Ultrahigh field MRS and more advanced techniques can overcome many of these limitations and enable us to measure more metabolites with higher accuracy. 5. Standardization of MRS techniques, validation of metabolites' changes against PET using PET-guided technique, and longitudinal follow-ups to investigate the temporal changes of the metabolites in relation to other biomarkers and cognition will be crucial to confirm the utility of MRS as a potential noninvasive biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michelle Chen
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Candow DG, Forbes SC, Ostojic SM, Prokopidis K, Stock MS, Harmon KK, Faulkner P. "Heads Up" for Creatine Supplementation and its Potential Applications for Brain Health and Function. Sports Med 2023; 53:49-65. [PMID: 37368234 PMCID: PMC10721691 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging interest regarding the potential beneficial effects of creatine supplementation on indices of brain health and function. Creatine supplementation can increase brain creatine stores, which may help explain some of the positive effects on measures of cognition and memory, especially in aging adults or during times of metabolic stress (i.e., sleep deprivation). Furthermore, creatine has shown promise for improving health outcome measures associated with muscular dystrophy, traumatic brain injury (including concussions in children), depression, and anxiety. However, whether any sex- or age-related differences exist in regard to creatine and indices of brain health and function is relatively unknown. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) provide an up-to-date summary and discussion of the current body of research focusing on creatine and indices of brain health and function and (2) discuss possible sex- and age-related differences in response to creatine supplementation on brain bioenergetics, measures of brain health and function, and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Candow
- Aging Muscle & Bone Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Matt S Stock
- School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kylie K Harmon
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Faulkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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Tkáč I, Xie T, Shah N, Larson S, Dubinsky JM, Gomez-Pastor R, McLoughlin HS, Orr HT, Eberly LE, Öz G. Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1278828. [PMID: 37954878 PMCID: PMC10634209 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models. Methods 1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or related genetic backgrounds in seven prior studies were used in this retrospective analysis. To be included, data had to be collected at 9.4 tesla magnetic field using advanced 1H MRS protocols, with isoflurane anesthesia and similar animal handling protocols, and a similar number of datasets from male and female mice had to be available for the brain regions analyzed. Overall, 155 spectra from female mice and 166 spectra from male mice (321 in total), collected from six brain regions (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) at various ages were included. Results Concentrations of taurine, total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine), ascorbate, glucose and glutamate were consistently higher in male vs. female mice in most brain regions. Striatum was an exception with similar total creatine in male and female mice. The sex difference pattern in the hypothalamus was notably different from other regions. Interaction between sex and age was significant for total creatine and taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Conclusion Sex differences in regional neurochemical levels are small but significant and age-dependent, with consistent male-female differences across most brain regions. The neuroendocrine region hypothalamus displays a different pattern of sex differences in neurochemical levels. Differences in energy metabolism and cellular density may underlie the differences, with higher metabolic rates in females and higher osmoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tiankai Xie
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nitya Shah
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah Larson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Janet M. Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Harry T. Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Stanley JA, Daugherty AM, Gorey CR, Thomas P, Khatib D, Chowdury A, Rajan U, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Diwadkar VA. Basal glutamate in the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Relationships to cognitive proficiency investigated with structural equation modelling. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:730-740. [PMID: 36999359 PMCID: PMC10591941 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2197653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is characterised by deficits across multiple cognitive domains and altered glutamate related neuroplasticity. The purpose was to investigate whether glutamate deficits are related to cognition in schizophrenia, and whether glutamate-cognition relationships are different between schizophrenia and controls. METHODS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla was acquired from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and hippocampus in 44 schizophrenia participants and 39 controls during passive viewing visual task. Cognitive performance (working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed) was assessed on a separate session. Group differences in neurochemistry and mediation/moderation effects using structural equation modelling (SEM) were investigated. RESULTS Schizophrenia participants showed lower hippocampal glutamate (p = .0044) and myo-Inositol (p = .023) levels, and non-significant dlPFC levels. Schizophrenia participants also demonstrated poorer cognitive performance (p < .0032). SEM-analyses demonstrated no mediation or moderation effects, however, an opposing dlPFC glutamate-processing speed association between groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants are consistent with evidence of reduced neuropil density. Moreover, SEM analyses indicated that hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants as measured during a passive state were not driven by poorer cognitive ability. We suggest that functional MRS may provide a better framework for investigating glutamate-cognition relationships in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Patricia Thomas
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Frank SM, Becker M, Malloni WM, Sasaki Y, Greenlee MW, Watanabe T. Protocol to conduct functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in different age groups of human participants. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102493. [PMID: 37572324 PMCID: PMC10448431 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a protocol to conduct functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) in human participants before, during, and after training on a visual task. We describe steps for participant setup, volume-of-interest placement, fMRS measurement, and post-scan tests. We discuss the design, analysis, and interpretation of fMRS experiments. This protocol can be adapted to investigate the dynamics of chief excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA, respectively) while participants perform or learn perceptual, motor, or cognitive tasks. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Frank et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Frank
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Experimental Psychology, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Becker
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Experimental Psychology, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm M Malloni
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Experimental Psychology, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Brown University, Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, 190 Thayer St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Mark W Greenlee
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Experimental Psychology, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Takeo Watanabe
- Brown University, Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, 190 Thayer St., Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Oya M, Matsuoka K, Kubota M, Fujino J, Tei S, Takahata K, Tagai K, Yamamoto Y, Shimada H, Seki C, Itahashi T, Aoki YY, Ohta H, Hashimoto RI, Sugihara G, Obata T, Zhang MR, Suhara T, Nakamura M, Kato N, Takado Y, Takahashi H, Higuchi M. Increased glutamate and glutamine levels and their relationship to astrocytes and dopaminergic transmissions in the brains of adults with autism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11655. [PMID: 37468523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased excitatory neuronal tones have been implicated in autism, but its mechanism remains elusive. The amplified glutamate signals may arise from enhanced glutamatergic circuits, which can be affected by astrocyte activation and suppressive signaling of dopamine neurotransmission. We tested this hypothesis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography scan with 11C-SCH23390 for dopamine D1 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We enrolled 18 male adults with high-functioning autism and 20 typically developed (TD) male subjects. The autism group showed elevated glutamate, glutamine, and myo-inositol (mI) levels compared with the TD group (p = 0.045, p = 0.044, p = 0.030, respectively) and a positive correlation between glutamine and mI levels in the ACC (r = 0.54, p = 0.020). In autism and TD groups, ACC D1 receptor radioligand binding was negatively correlated with ACC glutamine levels (r = - 0.55, p = 0.022; r = - 0.58, p = 0.008, respectively). The enhanced glutamate-glutamine metabolism might be due to astroglial activation and the consequent reinforcement of glutamine synthesis in autistic brains. Glutamine synthesis could underly the physiological inhibitory control of dopaminergic D1 receptor signals. Our findings suggest a high neuron excitation-inhibition ratio with astrocytic activation in the etiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Oya
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shisei Tei
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
- School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chie Seki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Motoaki Nakamura
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Psychiatric Center, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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11
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Świątkiewicz M, Gaździński S, Madeyski M, Kossowski B, Langfort J, Bogorodzki P, Zawadzka-Bartczak E, Sklinda K, Walecki J, Grieb P. Increased brain 1H-MRS glutamate and lactate signals following maximal aerobic capacity exercise in young healthy males: an exploratory study. Biol Sport 2023; 40:665-673. [PMID: 37398967 PMCID: PMC10286605 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.118335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise involves increased neuronal activity of many brain structures, but 1H-MRS investigations on the effects of human brain glutamate (Glu) concentrations on acute exercise have been sparse. Previous studies consistently found increases in brain lactate (Lac) concentrations following graded exercise up to 85% of the predicted maximal heart rate. However, the reported effects on brain concentrations of glutamine and glutamate were not consistent. This study aimed to determine the effect of acute intense graded maximal exercise on 1H-MRS signals related to concentrations of Glu, glutamate+glutamine (Glx), and Lac. Young adult males were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to 1H-MRS when resting (NE) or shortly after cessation of the intense graded exercise intended to pass the anaerobic threshold (E). 1H-MRS spectra were acquired from the large voxel encompassing the occipito-parietal cortex only once. Estimates of Glu, Glx, and Lac concentrations were calculated in institutional units by normalizing to a spectroscopic signal originating from creatine-containing compounds (Cr). Concentrations of Glu, Glx, and Lac were respectively 11%, 12.6%, and 48.5% higher in E than in NE (p < 0.001). The increased brain Lac signal in the exercising group indicated that in our experiment, vigorous exercise resulted in passing the anaerobic threshold and lactate apparently entered the brain. Concomitantly glutamate-related resonance signals from the vicinity of the occipito-parietal cortex were significantly increased; physiological mechanisms underlying these phenomena require further study. Future studies should evaluate whether the normalization rate of these concentrations is a marker of general physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Świątkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Gaździński
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Interinstitute Laboratory of New Diagnostic Applications of MRI (CNSLab), Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Interinstitute Laboratory of New Diagnostic Applications of MRI (CNSLab), Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogorodzki
- Faculty of Electronics, Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw, Poland
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Interinstitute Laboratory of New Diagnostic Applications of MRI (CNSLab), Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Jerzy Walecki
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Swago S, Elliott MA, Nanga RPR, Wilson NE, Cember A, Reddy R, Witschey WR. Quantification of cross-relaxation in downfield 1 H MRS at 7 T in human calf muscle. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:11-20. [PMID: 36807934 PMCID: PMC10149600 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize the 1 H downfield MR spectrum from 8.0 to 10.0 ppm of human skeletal muscle at 7 T and determine the T1 and cross-relaxation rates of observed resonances. METHODS We performed downfield MRS in the calf muscle of 7 healthy volunteers. Single-voxel downfield MRS was collected using alternately selective or broadband inversion-recovery sequences and spectrally selective 90° E-BURP RF pulse excitation centered at 9.0 ppm with bandwidth = 600 Hz (2.0 ppm). MRS was collected using TIs of 50-2500 ms. We modeled recovery of the longitudinal magnetization of three observable resonances using two models: (1) a three-parameter model accounting for the apparent T1 recovery and (2) a Solomon model explicitly including cross-relaxation effects. RESULTS Three resonances were observed in human calf muscle at 7 T at 8.0, 8.2, and 8.5 ppm. We found broadband (broad) and selective (sel) inversion recovery T1 = mean ± SD (ms): T1-broad,8.0ppm = 2108.2 ± 664.5, T1-sel,8.0ppm = 753.6 ± 141.0 (p = 0.003); T1-broad,8.2ppm = 2033.5 ± 338.4, T1-sel,8.2ppm = 135.3 ± 35.3 (p < 0.0001); and T1-broad,8.5ppm = 1395.4 ± 75.4, T1-sel,8.5ppm = 107.1 ± 40.0 (p < 0.0001). Using the Solomon model, we found T1 = mean ± SD (ms): T1-8.0ppm = 1595.6 ± 491.1, T1-8.2ppm = 1737.2 ± 963.7, and T1-8.5ppm = 849.8 ± 282.0 (p = 0.04). Post hoc tests corrected for multiple comparisons showed no significant difference in T1 between peaks. The cross-relaxation rate σAB = mean ± SD (Hz) of each peak was σAB,8.0ppm = 0.76 ± 0.20, σAB,8.2ppm = 5.31 ± 2.27, and σAB,8.5ppm = 7.90 ± 2.74 (p < 0.0001); post hoc t-tests revealed the cross-relaxation rate of the 8.0 ppm peak was significantly slower than the peaks at 8.2 ppm (p = 0.0018) and 8.5 ppm (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION We found significant differences in effective T1 and cross-relaxation rates of 1 H resonances between 8.0 and 8.5 ppm in the healthy human calf muscle at 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Swago
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neil E. Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abigail Cember
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Walter R. Witschey
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Vella O, Bagshaw AP, Wilson M. SLIPMAT: a pipeline for extracting tissue-specific spectral profiles from 1H MR spectroscopic imaging data. Neuroimage 2023:120235. [PMID: 37331644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is an important non-invasive tool for measuring brain metabolism, with numerous applications in the neuroscientific and clinical domains. In this work we present a new analysis pipeline (SLIPMAT), designed to extract high-quality, tissue-specific, spectral profiles from MR spectroscopic imaging data (MRSI). Spectral decomposition is combined with spatially dependant frequency and phase correction to yield high SNR white and grey matter spectra without partial-volume contamination. A subsequent series of spectral processing steps are applied to reduce unwanted spectral variation, such as baseline correction and linewidth matching, before direct spectral analysis with machine learning and traditional statistical methods. The method is validated using a 2D semi-LASER MRSI sequence, with a 5-minute duration, from data acquired in triplicate across 8 healthy participants. Reliable spectral profiles are confirmed with principal component analysis, revealing the importance of total-choline and scyllo-inositol levels in distinguishing between individuals - in good agreement with our previous work. Furthermore, since the method allows the simultaneous measurement of metabolites in grey and white matter, we show the strong discriminative value of these metabolites in both tissue types for the first time. In conclusion, we present a novel and time efficient MRSI acquisition and processing pipeline, capable of detecting reliable neuro-metabolic differences between healthy individuals, and suitable for the sensitive neurometabolic profiling of in-vivo brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Vella
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Bagshaw
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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14
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Gogishvili A, Farrher E, Doppler CEJ, Seger A, Sommerauer M, Shah NJ. Quantification of the neurochemical profile of the human putamen using STEAM MRS in a cohort of elderly subjects at 3 T and 7 T: Ruminations on the correction strategy for the tissue voxel composition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286633. [PMID: 37267283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to quantify the metabolic profile of the human putamen in vivo in a cohort of elderly subjects using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To obtain metabolite concentrations specific to the putamen, we investigated a correction method previously proposed to account for the tissue composition of the volume of interest. We compared the method with the conventional approach, which a priori assumes equal metabolite concentrations in GM and WM. Finally, we compared the concentrations acquired at 3 Tesla (T) and 7 T MRI scanners. Spectra were acquired from 15 subjects (age: 67.7 ± 8.3 years) at 3 T and 7 T, using an ultra-short echo time, stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence. To robustly estimate the WM-to-GM metabolite concentration ratio, five additional subjects were measured for whom the MRS voxel was deliberately shifted from the putamen in order to increase the covered amount of surrounding WM. The concentration and WM-to-GM concentration ratio for 16 metabolites were reliably estimated. These ratios ranged from ~0.3 for γ-aminobutyric acid to ~4 for N-acetylaspartylglutamate. The investigated correction method led to significant changes in concentrations compared to the conventional method, provided that the ratio significantly differed from unity. Finally, we demonstrated that differences in tissue voxel composition cannot fully account for the observed concentration difference between field strengths. We provide not only a fully comprehensive quantification of the neurochemical profile of the putamen in elderly subjects, but also a quantification of the WM-to-GM concentration ratio. This knowledge may serve as a basis for future studies with varying tissue voxel composition, either due to tissue atrophy, inconsistent voxel positioning or simply when pooling data from different voxel locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gogishvili
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Engineering Physics Department, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ezequiel Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher E J Doppler
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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15
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La PL, Joyce JM, Bell TK, Mauthner M, Craig W, Doan Q, Beauchamp MH, Zemek R, Yeates KO, Harris AD. Brain metabolites measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pediatric concussion and orthopedic injury: An Advancing Concussion Assessment in Pediatrics (A-CAP) study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2493-2508. [PMID: 36763547 PMCID: PMC10028643 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of children sustain a concussion annually. Concussion disrupts cellular signaling and neural pathways within the brain but the resulting metabolic disruptions are not well characterized. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can examine key brain metabolites (e.g., N-acetyl Aspartate (tNAA), glutamate (Glx), creatine (tCr), choline (tCho), and myo-Inositol (mI)) to better understand these disruptions. In this study, we used MRS to examine differences in brain metabolites between children and adolescents with concussion versus orthopedic injury. Children and adolescents with concussion (n = 361) or orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 184) aged 8 to 17 years were recruited from five emergency departments across Canada. MRS data were collected from the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) using point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at 3 T at a mean of 12 days post-injury (median 10 days post-injury, range 2-33 days). Univariate analyses for each metabolite found no statistically significant metabolite differences between groups. Within each analysis, several covariates were statistically significant. Follow-up analyses designed to account for possible confounding factors including age, site, scanner, vendor, time since injury, and tissue type (and interactions as appropriate) did not find any metabolite group differences. In the largest sample of pediatric concussion studied with MRS to date, we found no metabolite differences between concussion and OI groups in the L-DLPFC. We suggest that at 2 weeks post-injury in a general pediatric concussion population, brain metabolites in the L-DLPFC are not specifically affected by brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker L La
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie M Joyce
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany K Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Micaela Mauthner
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Craig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal and Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Childrens' Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Interaction between maternal immune activation and peripubertal stress in rats: impact on cocaine addiction-like behaviour, morphofunctional brain parameters and striatal transcriptome. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:84. [PMID: 36890154 PMCID: PMC9995324 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are more prevalent in schizophrenia, but the causal links between both conditions remain unclear. Maternal immune activation (MIA) is associated with schizophrenia which may be triggered by stressful experiences during adolescence. Therefore, we used a double-hit rat model, combining MIA and peripubertal stress (PUS), to study cocaine addiction and the underlying neurobehavioural alterations. We injected lipopolysaccharide or saline on gestational days 15 and 16 to Sprague-Dawley dams. Their male offspring underwent five episodes of unpredictable stress every other day from postnatal day 28 to 38. When animals reached adulthood, we studied cocaine addiction-like behaviour, impulsivity, Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, and several aspects of brain structure and function by MRI, PET and RNAseq. MIA facilitated the acquisition of cocaine self-administration and increased the motivation for the drug; however, PUS reduced cocaine intake, an effect that was reversed in MIA + PUS rats. We found concomitant brain alterations: MIA + PUS altered the structure and function of the dorsal striatum, increasing its volume and interfering with glutamatergic dynamics (PUS decreased the levels of NAA + NAAG but only in LPS animals) and modulated specific genes that could account for the restoration of cocaine intake such as the pentraxin family. On its own, PUS reduced hippocampal volume and hyperactivated the dorsal subiculum, also having a profound effect on the dorsal striatal transcriptome. However, these effects were obliterated when PUS occurred in animals with MIA experience. Our results describe an unprecedented interplay between MIA and stress on neurodevelopment and the susceptibility to cocaine addiction.
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17
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Consistency of frontal cortex metabolites quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy within overlapping small and large voxels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2246. [PMID: 36755048 PMCID: PMC9908968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) quantifies metabolites within a specified volume of interest. MRS voxels are constrained to rectangular prism shapes. Therefore, they must define a small voxel contained within the anatomy of interest or include not of interest neighbouring tissue. When studying cortical regions without clearly demarcated boundaries, e.g. the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), it is unclear how representative a larger voxel is of a smaller volume within it. To determine if a large voxel is representative of a small voxel placed within it, this study quantified total N-Acetylaspartate (tNAA), choline, glutamate, Glx (glutamate and glutamine combined), myo-inositol, and creatine in two overlapping MRS voxels in the DLPFC, a large (30×30x30 mm) and small (15×15x15 mm) voxel. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tissue type factors were specifically investigated. With water-referencing, only myo-inositol was significantly correlated between the two voxels, while all metabolites showed significant correlations with creatine-referencing. SNR had a minimal effect on the correspondence between voxels, while tissue type showed substantial influence. This study demonstrates substantial variability of metabolite estimates within the DLPFC. It suggests that when small anatomical structures are of interest, it may be valuable to spend additional acquisition time to obtain specific, localized data.
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18
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Pasanta D, He JL, Ford T, Oeltzschner G, Lythgoe DJ, Puts NA. Functional MRS studies of GABA and glutamate/Glx - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104940. [PMID: 36332780 PMCID: PMC9846867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) can be used to investigate neurometabolic responses to external stimuli in-vivo, but findings are inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on fMRS studies of the primary neurotransmitters Glutamate (Glu), Glx (Glutamate + Glutamine), and GABA. Data were extracted, grouped by metabolite, stimulus domain, and brain region, and analysed by determining standardized effect sizes. The quality of individual studies was rated. When results were analysed by metabolite type small to moderate effect sizes of 0.29-0.47 (p < 0.05) were observed for changes in Glu and Glx regardless of stimulus domain and brain region, but no significant effects were observed for GABA. Further analysis suggests that Glu, Glx and GABA responses differ by stimulus domain or task and vary depending on the time course of stimulation and data acquisition. Here, we establish effect sizes and directionality of GABA, Glu and Glx response in fMRS. This work highlights the importance of standardised reporting and minimal best practice for fMRS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanghathai Pasanta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom,Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jason L. He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Talitha Ford
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 700. N. Broadway, 21207, Baltimore, United States,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Wolfe Street, 21205, Baltimore, United States
| | - David J. Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolaas A. Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, London, United Kingdom
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Wright AM, Murali-Manohar S, Henning A. Quantitative T1-relaxation corrected metabolite mapping of 12 metabolites in the human brain at 9.4 T. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119574. [PMID: 36058442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that enables observation of metabolites. Applications of MRSI for neuroimaging have shown promise for monitoring and detecting various diseases. This study builds off previously developed techniques of short TR, 1H FID MRSI by correcting for T1-weighting of the metabolites and utilizing an internal water reference to produce quantitative (mmol kg-1) metabolite maps. This work reports and shows quantitative metabolite maps for 12 metabolites for a single slice. Voxel-specific T1-corrections for water are common in MRSI studies; however, most studies use either averaged T1-relaxation times to correct for T1-weighting of metabolites or omit this correction step entirely. This work employs the use of voxel-specific T1-corrections for metabolites in addition to water. Utilizing averaged T1-relaxation times for metabolites can bias metabolite maps for metabolites that have strong differences between T1-relaxation for GM and WM (i.e. Glu). This work systematically compares quantitative metabolite maps to single voxel quantitative results and qualitatively compares metabolite maps to previous works.
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20
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Jackstadt MM, Chamberlain CA, Doonan SR, Shriver LP, Patti GJ. A multidimensional metabolomics workflow to image biodistribution and evaluate pharmacodynamics in adult zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049550. [PMID: 35972155 PMCID: PMC9411795 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated evaluation of the tissue distribution and pharmacodynamic properties of a therapeutic is essential for successful translation to the clinic. To date, however, cost-effective methods to measure these parameters at the systems level in model organisms are lacking. Here, we introduce a multidimensional workflow to evaluate drug activity that combines mass spectrometry-based imaging, absolute drug quantitation across different biological matrices, in vivo isotope tracing and global metabolome analysis in the adult zebrafish. As a proof of concept, we quantitatively determined the whole-body distribution of the anti-rheumatic agent hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) and measured the systemic metabolic impacts of drug treatment. We found that HCQ distributed to most organs in the adult zebrafish 24 h after addition of the drug to water, with the highest accumulation of both the drug and its metabolites being in the liver, intestine and kidney. Interestingly, HCQ treatment induced organ-specific alterations in metabolism. In the brain, for example, HCQ uniquely elevated pyruvate carboxylase activity to support increased synthesis of the neuronal metabolite, N-acetylaspartate. Taken together, this work validates a multidimensional metabolomics platform for evaluating the mode of action of a drug and its potential off-target effects in the adult zebrafish. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn M. Jackstadt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Casey A. Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Steven R. Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Leah P. Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gary J. Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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21
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Yano H, Ikegame Y, Miwa K, Nakayama N, Maruyama T, Ikuta S, Yokoyama K, Muragaki Y, Iwama T, Shinoda J. Radiological Prediction of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Mutational Status and Pathological Verification for Lower-Grade Astrocytomas. Cureus 2022; 14:e27157. [PMID: 36017268 PMCID: PMC9393092 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status of patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade II or III astrocytoma is essential for understanding its biological features and determining therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to use radiological analysis to predict the IDH status of patients with lower-grade astrocytomas and to verify the pathological implications. Methods In this study, 47 patients with grade II (17 cases) or III astrocytomas (30 cases), based on 2016 WHO Classification, underwent methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) on the same day between January 2013 and June 2020. The patients were retrospectively assessed. Immunohistochemistry showed 23 cases of IDH-mutant and 24 of IDH-wildtype. Based on fluid-attenuated recovery inversion (FLAIR)/T2 imaging, three doctors blinded to clinical data independently allocated 18 patients to the clear boundary group between the tumor and the normal brain and 29 to the unclear boundary group. The peak ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, and Cho/NAA and the tumor-to-normal region (T/N) ratio for maximum accumulation in MET-PET were calculated. For statistical analysis, Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations between two variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the values between the IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant groups. The optimal cut-off values of MET T/N ratio and MRS parameters for discriminating IDH-wildtype from IDH-mutant were obtained using receiver operating characteristics curves. Results The unclear boundary group had significantly more IDH-wildtype cases than the clear boundary group (P<0.001). The IDH-wildtype group had significantly lower Cho/Cr (<1.84) and Cho/NAA (<1.62) ratios (P=0.02 and P=0.047, respectively) and a higher MET T/N ratio (>1.44, P=0.02) than the IDH-mutant group. The odds for the IDH-wildtype were 0.22 for patients who fulfilled none of the four criteria, including boundary status and three ratios, and 0.9 for all four criteria. Conclusions These results suggest that the combination of MRI, MRS, and MET-PET examination could be helpful for the prediction of IDH status in WHO grade II/III gliomas.
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Li X, Abiko K, Sheriff S, Maudsley AA, Urushibata Y, Ahn S, Tha KK. The Distribution of Major Brain Metabolites in Normal Adults: Short Echo Time Whole-Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging Findings. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060543. [PMID: 35736476 PMCID: PMC9228869 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the variation in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI)-observed brain metabolite concentrations according to anatomical location, sex, and age, and the relationships among regional metabolite distributions, using short echo time (TE) whole-brain MRSI (WB-MRSI). Thirty-eight healthy participants underwent short TE WB-MRSI. The major metabolite ratios, i.e., N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, glutamate + glutamine (Glx)/Cr, and myoinositol (mI)/Cr, were calculated voxel-by-voxel. Their variations according to anatomical regions, sex, and age, and their relationship to each other were evaluated by using repeated-measures analysis of variance, t-tests, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation analyses. All four metabolite ratios exhibited widespread regional variation across the cerebral hemispheres (corrected p < 0.05). Laterality between the two sides and sex-related variation were also shown (p < 0.05). In several regions, NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr decreased and mI/Cr increased with age (corrected p < 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between NAA/Cr and mI/Cr in the insular lobe and thalamus and between Glx/Cr and mI/Cr in the parietal lobe (r ≥ 0.348, corrected p ≤ 0.025). These observations demand age- and sex- specific regional reference values in interpreting these metabolites, and they may facilitate the understanding of glial-neuronal interactions in maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Li
- Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
| | - Kagari Abiko
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Azabu Neurosurgical Hospital, Sapporo 065-0022, Japan
| | - Sulaiman Sheriff
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (S.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Andrew A. Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (S.S.); (A.A.M.)
| | | | - Sinyeob Ahn
- Siemens Healthineers, San Francisco, CA 94553, USA;
| | - Khin Khin Tha
- Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-8183
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23
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Brain temperature as an indicator of neuroinflammation induced by typhoid vaccine: Assessment using whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a randomised crossover study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103053. [PMID: 35617872 PMCID: PMC9136180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MRSI-derived whole-brain temperature did not detect low-level neuroinflammation. Regional brain temperature was a more sensitive measure of neuroinflammation. MRSI/EPSI might be a useful measure of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders.
Prior studies indicate a pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders; however, there are no accepted methods that can reliably measure low-level neuroinflammation non-invasively in these individuals. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a versatile, non-invasive neuroimaging technique that demonstrates sensitivity to brain inflammation. MRSI in conjunction with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) measures brain metabolites to derive whole-brain and regional brain temperatures, which may increase in neuroinflammation. The validity of MRSI/EPSI for measurement of low level neuroinflammation was tested using a safe experimental model of human brain inflammation – intramuscular administration of typhoid vaccine. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study including MRSI/EPSI scans before and 3 h after vaccine/placebo administration. Body temperature and mood, assessed using the Profile of Mood States, were measured every hour up to four hours post-treatment administration. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to test for treatment effects. A significant proportion of brain regions (44/47) increased in temperature post-vaccine compared to post-placebo (p < 0.0001). For temperature change in the brain as a whole, there was no significant treatment effect. Significant associations were seen between mood scores assessed at 4 h and whole brain and regional temperatures post-treatment. Findings indicate that regional brain temperature may be a more sensitive measure of low-level neuroinflammation than whole-brain temperature. Future work where these measurement techniques are applied to populations with psychiatric disorders would be of clinical interest.
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24
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Clinical 1H MRS in childhood neurometabolic diseases-part 1: technique and age-related normal spectra. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:1101-1110. [PMID: 35178593 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-022-02917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite its vigorous ability to detect and measure metabolic disturbances, 1H MRS remains underutilized in clinical practice. MRS increases diagnostic yield and provides therapeutic measures. Because many inborn metabolic errors are now treatable, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent or curb permanent brain injury. Therefore, patients with known or suspected inborn metabolic errors stand to benefit from the addition of MRS. With education and practice, all neuroradiologists can perform and interpret MRS notwithstanding their training and prior experience. In this two-part review, we cover the requisite concepts for clinical MRS interpretation including technical considerations and normal brain spectral patterns based on age, location, and methodology.
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25
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Tomiyasu M, Harada M. In vivo Human MR Spectroscopy Using a Clinical Scanner: Development, Applications, and Future Prospects. Magn Reson Med Sci 2022; 21:235-252. [PMID: 35173095 PMCID: PMC9199975 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a unique and useful method for noninvasively evaluating biochemical metabolism in human organs and tissues, but its clinical dissemination has been slow and often limited to specialized institutions or hospitals with experts in MRS technology. The number of 3-T clinical MR scanners is now increasing, representing a major opportunity to promote the use of clinical MRS. In this review, we summarize the theoretical background and basic knowledge required to understand the results obtained with MRS and introduce the general consensus on the clinical utility of proton MRS in routine clinical practice. In addition, we present updates to the consensus guidelines on proton MRS published by the members of a working committee of the Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in 2013. Recent research into multinuclear MRS equipped in clinical MR scanners is explained with an eye toward future development. This article seeks to provide an overview of the current status of clinical MRS and to promote the understanding of when it can be useful. In the coming years, MRS-mediated biochemical evaluation is expected to become available for even routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyoko Tomiyasu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology.,Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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Shichkova P, Coggan JS, Markram H, Keller D. A Standardized Brain Molecular Atlas: A Resource for Systems Modeling and Simulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:604559. [PMID: 34858137 PMCID: PMC8631404 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.604559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate molecular concentrations are essential for reliable analyses of biochemical networks and the creation of predictive models for molecular and systems biology, yet protein and metabolite concentrations used in such models are often poorly constrained or irreproducible. Challenges of using data from different sources include conflicts in nomenclature and units, as well as discrepancies in experimental procedures, data processing and implementation of the model. To obtain a consistent estimate of protein and metabolite levels, we integrated and normalized data from a large variety of sources to calculate Adjusted Molecular Concentrations. We found a high degree of reproducibility and consistency of many molecular species across brain regions and cell types, consistent with tight homeostatic regulation. We demonstrated the value of this normalization with differential protein expression analyses related to neurodegenerative diseases, brain regions and cell types. We also used the results in proof-of-concept simulations of brain energy metabolism. The standardized Brain Molecular Atlas overcomes the obstacles of missing or inconsistent data to support systems biology research and is provided as a resource for biomolecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Shichkova
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jay S Coggan
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Hangel G, Spurny-Dworak B, Lazen P, Cadrien C, Sharma S, Hingerl L, Hečková E, Strasser B, Motyka S, Lipka A, Gruber S, Brandner C, Lanzenberger R, Rössler K, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Inter-subject stability and regional concentration estimates of 3D-FID-MRSI in the human brain at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4596. [PMID: 34382280 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a 3D-concentric ring trajectory (CRT)-based free induction decay (FID)-MRSI sequence was introduced for fast high-resolution metabolic imaging at 7 T. This technique provides metabolic ratio maps of almost the entire brain within clinically feasible scan times, but its robustness has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we have assessed quantitative concentration estimates and their variability in healthy volunteers using this approach. METHODS We acquired whole-brain 3D-CRT-FID-MRSI at 7 T in 15 min with 3.4 mm nominal isometric resolution in 24 volunteers (12 male, 12 female, mean age 27 ± 6 years). Concentration estimate maps were calculated for 15 metabolites using internal water referencing and evaluated in 55 different regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain. Data quality, mean metabolite concentrations, and their inter-subject coefficients of variation (CVs) were compared for all ROIs. RESULTS Of 24 datasets, one was excluded due to motion artifacts. The concentrations of total choline, total creatine, glutamate, myo-inositol, and N-acetylaspartate in 44 regions were estimated within quality thresholds. Inter-subject CVs (mean over 44 ROIs/minimum/maximum) were 9%/5%/19% for total choline, 10%/6%/20% for total creatine, 11%/7%/24% for glutamate, 10%/6%/19% for myo-inositol, and 9%/6%/19% for N-acetylaspartate. DISCUSSION We defined the performance of 3D-CRT-based FID-MRSI for metabolite concentration estimate mapping, showing which metabolites could be robustly quantified in which ROIs with which inter-subject CVs expected. However, the basal brain regions and lesser-signal metabolites in particular remain as a challenge due susceptibility effects from the proximity to nasal and auditory cavities. Further improvement in quantification and the mitigation of B0 /B1 -field inhomogeneities will be necessary to achieve reliable whole-brain coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Hangel
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Spurny-Dworak
- Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Lazen
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelius Cadrien
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sukrit Sharma
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Hečková
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lipka
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Brandner
- High-field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dong S, Hangel G, Bogner W, Trattnig S, Rossler K, Widhalm G, De Feyter HM, De Graaf RA, Duncan JS. High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging using a Multi-Encoder Attention U-Net with Structural and Adversarial Loss. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:2891-2895. [PMID: 34891851 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Common to most medical imaging techniques, the spatial resolution of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) is ultimately limited by the achievable SNR. This work presents a deep learning method for 1H-MRSI spatial resolution enhancement, based on the observation that multi-parametric MRI images provide relevant spatial priors for MRSI enhancement. A Multi-encoder Attention U-Net (MAU-Net) architecture was constructed to process a MRSI metabolic map and three different MRI modalities through separate encoding paths. Spatial attention modules were incorporated to automatically learn spatial weights that highlight salient features for each MRI modality. MAU-Net was trained based on in vivo brain imaging data from patients with high-grade gliomas, using a combined loss function consisting of pixel, structural and adversarial loss. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is able to reconstruct high-quality metabolic maps with a high-resolution of 64×64 from a low-resolution of 16 × 16, with better performance compared to several baseline methods.
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Saturation transfer MRI is sensitive to neurochemical changes in the rat brain due to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19040. [PMID: 34561488 PMCID: PMC8463565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI was performed for the evaluation of cerebral metabolic changes in a rat model of depressive-like disease induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CEST Z-spectra were acquired on a 7 T MRI with two saturation B1 amplitudes (0.5 and 0.75 µT) to measure the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), CEST and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE). Cerebral cortex and hippocampus were examined in two groups of animals: healthy control (n = 10) and stressed (n = 14), the latter of which was exposed to eight weeks of the CUMS protocol. The stressed group Z-spectrum parameters, primarily MTRs, were significantly lower than in controls, at all selected frequency offsets (3.5, 3.0, 2.0, - 3.2, - 3.6 ppm) in the cortex (the largest difference of ~ 3.5% at - 3.6 ppm, p = 0.0005) and the hippocampus (MTRs measured with a B1 = 0.5 µT). The hippocampal rNOE contributions decreased significantly in the stressed brains. Glutamate concentration (assessed using ELISA) and MTR at 3 ppm correlated positively in both brain regions. GABA concentration also correlated positively with CEST contributions in both cerebral areas, while such correlation with MTR was positive in hippocampus, and nonsignificant in cortex. Results indicate that CEST is sensitive to neurometabolic changes following chronic stress exposure.
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30
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Couto E Silva A, Wu CYC, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, Chen CT, Possoit HE, Citadin CT, Lee RHC, Brown JI, Frankel A, Lin HW. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 modulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuroinflammation after hypoxic stress. J Neurochem 2021; 159:742-761. [PMID: 34216036 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes involved in gene regulation and protein/histone modifications. PRMT8 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, specifically within the cellular membrane and synaptic vesicles. Recently, PRMT8 has been described to play key roles in neuronal signaling such as a regulator of dendritic arborization, synaptic function and maturation, and neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we examined the role of PRMT8 in response to hypoxia-induced stress in brain metabolism. Our results from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and protein analyses indicate that PRMT8(-/-) knockout mice presented with altered membrane phospholipid composition, decreased mitochondrial stress capacity, and increased neuroinflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) after hypoxic stress. Furthermore, adenovirus-based overexpression of PRMT8 reversed the changes in membrane phospholipid composition, mitochondrial stress capacity, and neuroinflammatory markers. Together, our findings establish PRMT8 as an important regulatory component of membrane phospholipid composition, short-term memory function, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in response to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chuck T Chen
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - HarLee E Possoit
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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31
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Collet S, Bhaduri S, Kiyar M, T’Sjoen G, Mueller S, Guillamon A. Characterization of the 1H-MRS Metabolite Spectra in Transgender Men with Gender Dysphoria and Cisgender People. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2623. [PMID: 34198690 PMCID: PMC8232168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted on sexual differences of the human brain to determine whether and to what extent a brain gender exists. Consequently, a variety of studies using different neuroimaging techniques attempted to identify the existence of a brain phenotype in people with gender dysphoria (GD). However, to date, brain sexual differences at the metabolite level using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) have not been explored in transgender people. In this study, 28 cisgender men (CM) and 34 cisgender women (CW) and 29 transgender men with GD (TMGD) underwent 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla MRI to characterize common brain metabolites. Specifically, levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and myo-inositol + glycine (mI + Gly) were assessed in two brain regions, the amygdala-anterior hippocampus and the lateral parietal cortex. The results indicated a sex-assigned at birth pattern for Cho/Cr in the amygdala of TMGD. In the parietal cortex, a sex-assigned at birth and an intermediate pattern were found. Though assessed post-hoc, exploration of the age of onset of GD in TMGD demonstrated within-group differences in absolute NAA and relative Cho/Cr levels, suggestive for a possible developmental trend. While brain metabolite levels in TMGD resembled those of CW, some interesting findings, such as modulation of metabolite concentrations by age of onset of GD, warrant future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Collet
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sourav Bhaduri
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (M.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Meltem Kiyar
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (M.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Guy T’Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sven Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (M.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Guillamon
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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32
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Kulpanovich A, Tal A. What is the optimal schedule for multiparametric MRS? A magnetic resonance fingerprinting perspective. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4196. [PMID: 31814197 PMCID: PMC9244865 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) mainly concerns itself with the quantification of metabolite concentrations. Metabolite relaxation values, which reflect the microscopic state of specific cellular and sub-cellular environments, could potentially hold additional valuable information, but are rarely acquired within clinical scan times. By varying the flip angle, repetition time and echo time in a preset way (termed a schedule), and matching the resulting signals to a pre-generated dictionary - an approach dubbed magnetic resonance fingerprinting - it is possible to encode the spins' relaxation times into the acquired signal, simultaneously quantifying multiple tissue parameters for each metabolite. Herein, we optimized the schedule to minimize the averaged root mean square error (RMSE) across all estimated parameters: concentrations, longitudinal and transverse relaxation time, and transmitter inhomogeneity. The optimal schedules were validated in phantoms and, subsequently, in a cohort of healthy volunteers, in a 4.5 mL parietal white matter single voxel and an acquisition time under 5 minutes. The average intra-subject, inter-scan coefficients of variation (CVs) for metabolite concentrations, T1 and T2 relaxation times were found to be 3.4%, 4.6% and 4.7% in-vivo, respectively, averaged over all major singlets. Coupled metabolites were quantified using the short echo time schedule entries and spectral fitting, and reliable estimates of glutamate+glutamine, glutathione and myo-inositol were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kulpanovich
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzel St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Izuhara M, Miura S, Otsuki K, Nagahama M, Hayashida M, Hashioka S, Asou H, Kitagaki H, Inagaki M. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Ventral Tegmental Area Distinguishes Responders to Suvorexant Prior to Treatment: A 4-Week Prospective Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:714376. [PMID: 34497544 PMCID: PMC8419448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ventral tegmental area (VTA; a dopaminergic nucleus) plays an important role in the sleep-wake regulation system including orexin system. In addition to neuronal activity, there is increasing evidence for an important role of glial cells (i.e., astrocytes and microglia) in these systems. The present study examined the utility of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for detecting neural and/or glial changes in the VTA to distinguish responders from non-responders before treatment with the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant. Methods: A total of 50 patients were screened and 9 patients were excluded. The remaining 41 patients with insomnia who have or not a psychiatric disease who were expected to receive suvorexant treatment were included in this study. We compared MRS signals in the VTA between responders to suvorexant and non-responders before suvorexant use. Based on previous reports, suvorexant responders were defined as patients who improved ≥3 points on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index after 4 weeks of suvorexant use. MRS data included choline (reflects non-specific cell membrane breakdown, including of glial cells) and N-acetylaspartate (a decrease reflects neuronal degeneration). Results: Among 41 examined patients, 20 patients responded to suvorexant and 21 patients did not. By MRS, the choline/creatine and phosphorylcreatine ratio in the VTA was significantly high in non-responders compared with responders (p = 0.039) before suvorexant treatment. There was no difference in the N-acetylaspartate/creatine and phosphorylcreatine ratio (p = 0.297) between the two groups. Conclusions: Changes in glial viability in the VTA might be used to distinguish responders to suvorexant from non-responders before starting treatment. These findings may help with more appropriate selection of patients for suvorexant treatment in clinical practice. Further, we provide novel possible evidence for a relationship between glial changes in the VTA and the orexin system, which may aid in the development of new hypnotics focusing on the VTA and/or glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneto Izuhara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shoko Miura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Michiharu Nagahama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Maiko Hayashida
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Hashioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Asou
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kitagaki
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Merz EC, Monk C, Bansal R, Sawardekar S, Lee S, Feng T, Spann M, Foss S, McDonough L, Werner E, Peterson BS. Neonatal brain metabolite concentrations: Associations with age, sex, and developmental outcomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243255. [PMID: 33332379 PMCID: PMC7746171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and sex differences in brain metabolite concentrations in early life are not well understood. We examined the associations of age and sex with brain metabolite levels in healthy neonates, and investigated the associations between neonatal brain metabolite concentrations and developmental outcomes. Forty-one infants (36–42 gestational weeks at birth; 39% female) of predominantly Hispanic/Latina mothers (mean 18 years of age) underwent MRI scanning approximately two weeks after birth. Multiplanar chemical shift imaging was used to obtain voxel-wise maps of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, and choline concentrations across the brain. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, a measure of cognitive, language, and motor skills, and mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, a measure of learning and memory, were administered at 4 months of age. Findings indicated that postmenstrual age correlated positively with NAA concentrations in multiple subcortical and white matter regions. Creatine and choline concentrations showed similar but less pronounced age related increases. Females compared with males had higher metabolite levels in white matter and subcortical gray matter. Neonatal NAA concentrations were positively associated with learning and negatively associated with memory at 4 months. Age-related increases in NAA, creatine, and choline suggest rapid development of neuronal viability, cellular energy metabolism, and cell membrane turnover, respectively, during early life. Females may undergo earlier and more rapid regional developmental increases in the density of viable neurons compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Marisa Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sophie Foss
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Laraine McDonough
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, New York, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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35
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Bhogal AA, Broeders TAA, Morsinkhof L, Edens M, Nassirpour S, Chang P, Klomp DWJ, Vinkers CH, Wijnen JP. Lipid-suppressed and tissue-fraction corrected metabolic distributions in human central brain structures using 2D 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01852. [PMID: 33216472 PMCID: PMC7749561 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has the potential to add a layer of understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying brain diseases, disease progression, and treatment efficacy. Limitations related to metabolite fitting of low signal-to-noise ratios data, signal variations due to partial-volume effects, acquisition and extracranial lipid artifacts, along with clinically relevant aspects such as scan time constraints, are among the challenges associated with in vivo MRSI. METHODS The aim of this work was to address some of these factors and to develop an acquisition, reconstruction, and postprocessing pipeline to derive lipid-suppressed metabolite values of central brain structures based on free-induction decay measurements made using a 7 T MR scanner. Anatomical images were used to perform high-resolution (1 mm3 ) partial-volume correction to account for gray matter, white matter (WM), and cerebral-spinal fluid signal contributions. Implementation of automatic quality control thresholds and normalization of metabolic maps from 23 subjects to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard atlas facilitated the creation of high-resolution average metabolite maps of several clinically relevant metabolites in central brain regions, while accounting for macromolecular distributions. Partial-volume correction improved the delineation of deep brain nuclei. We report average metabolite values including glutamate + glutamine (Glx), glycerophosphocholine, choline and phosphocholine (tCho), (phospo)creatine, myo-inositol and glycine (mI-Gly), glutathione, N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamate(and glutamine), and N-acetyl-aspartate in the basal ganglia, central WM (thalamic radiation, corpus callosum) as well as insular cortex and intracalcarine sulcus. CONCLUSION MNI-registered average metabolite maps facilitate group-based analysis, thus offering the possibility to mitigate uncertainty in variable MRSI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Bhogal
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy A A Broeders
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisan Morsinkhof
- Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enchede, The Netherlands
| | - Mirte Edens
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC (location VU University Medical Center), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (location VU University Medical Center)/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Cuypers K, Marsman A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Opportunities for a bimodal approach in human neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117394. [PMID: 32987106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS provides a manner to non-invasively investigate molecular concentrations in the living brain and thus identify metabolites involved in physiological and pathological processes. Particularly the MRS-detectable metabolites glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, are of interest when combining TMS and MRS. TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be applied either as a neuromodulation or neurostimulation tool, specifically targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. The combination of TMS and MRS can be used to evaluate alterations in brain metabolite levels following an interventional TMS protocol such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or paired associative stimulation (PAS). MRS can also be combined with a variety of non-interventional TMS protocols to identify the interplay between brain metabolite levels and measures of excitability or receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation. In this review, we provide an overview of studies performed in healthy and patient populations combining MRS and TMS, both as a measurement tool and as an intervention. TMS and MRS may reveal complementary and comprehensive information on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Potentially, connectivity changes and dedicated network interactions can be probed using the combined TMS-MRS approach. Considering the ongoing technical developments in both fields, combined studies hold future promise for investigations of brain network interactions and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; REVAL Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anouk Marsman
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegård Allé 30, 26500 Hvidovre, Denmark.
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37
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Hoefemann M, Bolliger CS, Chong DGQ, van der Veen JW, Kreis R. Parameterization of metabolite and macromolecule contributions in interrelated MR spectra of human brain using multidimensional modeling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4328. [PMID: 32542861 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular signals are crucial constituents of short echo-time 1 H MR spectra with potential clinical implications in themselves as well as essential ramifications for the quantification of the usually targeted metabolites. Their parameterization, needed for general fitting models, is difficult because of their unknown composition. Here, a macromolecular signal parameterization together with metabolite signal quantification including relaxation properties is investigated by multidimensional modeling of interrelated 2DJ inversion-recovery (2DJ-IR) datasets. Simultaneous and iterative procedures for defining the macromolecular background (MMBG) as mono-exponentially or generally decaying signals over TE are evaluated. Varying prior knowledge and restrictions in the metabolite evaluation are tested to examine their impact on results and fitting stability for two sets of three-dimensional spectra acquired with metabolite-cycled PRESS from cerebral gray and white matter locations. One dataset was used for model optimization, and also examining the influence of prior knowledge on estimated parameters. The most promising model was applied to a second dataset. It turned out that the mono-exponential decay model appears to be inadequate to represent TE-dependent signal features of the MMBG. TE-adapted MMBG spectra were therefore determined. For a reliable overall quantification of implicated metabolite concentrations and relaxation times, a general fitting model had to be constrained in terms of the number of fitting variables and the allowed parameter space. With such a model in place, fitting precision for metabolite contents and relaxation times was excellent, while fitting accuracy is difficult to judge and bias was likely influenced by the type of fitting constraints enforced. In summary, the parameterization of metabolite and macromolecule contributions in interrelated MR spectra has been examined by using multidimensional modeling on complex 2DJ-IR datasets. A tightly restricted model allows fitting of individual subject data with high fitting precision documented in small Cramér-Rao lower bounds, good repeatability values and a relatively small spread of estimated concentration and relaxation values for a healthy subject cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Hoefemann
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sandra Bolliger
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G Q Chong
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Kreis
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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38
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Moussa-Tooks AB, Burroughs LP, Rejimon AC, Cheng H, Hetrick WP. Cerebellar tDCS consistency and metabolite changes: A recommendation to decrease barriers to replicability. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1521-1523. [PMID: 32791315 PMCID: PMC7722073 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Leah P Burroughs
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Abinand C Rejimon
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Hu Cheng
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - William P Hetrick
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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39
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Cecil KM, Naidu P. Advances in Pediatric Neuroimaging. MR Spectroscopy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2020; 33:100798. [PMID: 32331612 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The basic principles of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy are presented in this work to briefly familiarize the clinician and to distinguish spectroscopy from magnetic resonance imaging. For those knowledgeable about proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, this article will also provide the reader an update on recent technical and translational developments relevant to pediatric neurologic conditions. These developments were selected for their potential impact towards the clinical care of patients in pediatric-based practices. At this point in time, these new spectroscopic approaches are currently applied to established populations with known diseases. This information will inform our knowledge about diseases and guide therapeutic options for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Cecil
- Professor of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neuroscience and Environmental Health, Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Padmaja Naidu
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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40
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Rooney WD, Berlow YA, Triplett WT, Forbes SC, Willcocks RJ, Wang DJ, Arpan I, Arora H, Senesac C, Lott DJ, Tennekoon G, Finkel R, Russman BS, Finanger EL, Chakraborty S, O'Brien E, Moloney B, Barnard A, Sweeney HL, Daniels MJ, Walter GA, Vandenborne K. Modeling disease trajectory in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 2020; 94:e1622-e1633. [PMID: 32184340 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify disease progression in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using magnetic resonance biomarkers of leg muscles. METHODS MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers were acquired from 104 participants with DMD and 51 healthy controls using a prospective observational study design with patients with DMD followed up yearly for up to 6 years. Fat fractions (FFs) in vastus lateralis and soleus muscles were determined with 1H MRS. MRI quantitative T2 (qT2) values were measured for 3 muscles of the upper leg and 5 muscles of the lower leg. Longitudinal changes in biomarkers were modeled with a cumulative distribution function using a nonlinear mixed-effects approach. RESULTS MRS FF and MRI qT2 increased with DMD disease duration, with the progression time constants differing markedly between individuals and across muscles. The average age at half-maximal muscle involvement (μ) occurred 4.8 years earlier in vastus lateralis than soleus, and these measures were strongly associated with loss-of-ambulation age. Corticosteroid treatment was found to delay μ by 2.5 years on average across muscles, although there were marked differences between muscles with more slowly progressing muscles showing larger delay. CONCLUSIONS MRS FF and MRI qT2 provide sensitive noninvasive measures of DMD progression. Modeling changes in these biomarkers across multiple muscles can be used to detect and monitor the therapeutic effects of corticosteroids on disease progression and to provide prognostic information on functional outcomes. This modeling approach provides a method to transform these MRI biomarkers into well-understood metrics, allowing concise summaries of DMD disease progression at individual and population levels. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01484678.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rooney
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR.
| | - Yosef A Berlow
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - William T Triplett
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Sean C Forbes
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Rebecca J Willcocks
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Dah-Jyuu Wang
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Ishu Arpan
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Harneet Arora
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Claudia Senesac
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Donovan J Lott
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Gihan Tennekoon
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Richard Finkel
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Barry S Russman
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Erika L Finanger
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Saptarshi Chakraborty
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Elliott O'Brien
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Brendan Moloney
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Alison Barnard
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Michael J Daniels
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Glenn A Walter
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (W.D.R., Y.A.B., I.A., E.O., B.M.), Department of Neurology (W.D.R., I.A., B.S.R., E.L.F.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.D.R.), Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (W.D.R., Y.A.B.), and Department of Pediatrics (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Departments of Physical Therapy (W.T.T., S.C.F., R.J.W., H.A., C.S., D.J.L., K.V.), Statistics (S.C., M.J.D.), Physiology and Functional Genomics (A.B., G.A.W.), and Pharmacology & Therapeutics (H.L.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville; Department of Radiology (D.-J.W.) and Division of Neurology (G.T.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics (R.F.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL; and Shriners Hospital (B.S.R., E.L.F.), Portland, OR
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Singh A, Debnath A, Cai K, Bagga P, Haris M, Hariharan H, Reddy R. Evaluating the feasibility of creatine-weighted CEST MRI in human brain at 7 T using a Z-spectral fitting approach. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4176. [PMID: 31608510 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of creatine (Cr) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-weighted MRI at 7 T in the human brain by optimizing the saturation pulse parameters and computing contrast using a Z-spectral fitting approach. The Cr-weighted (Cr-w) CEST contrast was computed from phantoms data. Simulations were carried out to obtain the optimum saturation parameters for Cr-w CEST with lower contribution from other brain metabolites. CEST-w images were acquired from the brains of four human subjects at different saturation parameters. The Cr-w CEST contrast was computed using both asymmetry analysis and Z-spectra fitting approaches (models 1 and 2, respectively) based on Lorentzian functions. For broad magnetization transfer (MT) effect, Gaussian and Super-Lorentzian line shapes were also evaluated. In the phantom study, the Cr-w CEST contrast showed a linear dependence on concentration in physiological range and a nonlinear dependence on saturation parameters. The in vivo Cr-w CEST map generated using asymmetry analysis from the brain represents mixed contrast with contribution from other metabolites as well and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE). Simulations provided an estimate for the optimum range of saturation parameters to be used for acquiring brain CEST data. The optimum saturation parameters for Cr-w CEST to be used for brain data were around B1rms = 1.45 μT and duration = 2 seconds. The Z-spectral fitting approach enabled computation of individual components. This also resulted in mitigating the contribution from MT and rNOE to Cr-w CEST contrast, which is a major source of underestimation in asymmetry analysis. The proposed modified z-spectra fitting approach (model 2) is more stable to noise compared with model 1. Cr-w CEST contrast obtained using fitting was 6.98 ± 0.31% in gray matter and 5.45 ± 0.16% in white matter. Optimal saturation parameters reduced the contribution from other CEST effects to Cr-w CEST contrast, and the proposed Z-spectral fitting approach enabled computation of individual components in Z-spectra of the brain. Therefore, it is feasible to compute Cr-w CEST contrast with a lower contribution from other CEST and rNOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singh
- CBME, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, AIIMS, Delhi, India
| | - Ayan Debnath
- CBME, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- CMROI, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Puneet Bagga
- CMROI, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Haris
- CMROI, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hari Hariharan
- CMROI, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- CMROI, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:515-526. [PMID: 31686308 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Higher glutamate and glutamine (together: Glx) and lower N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels were reported in schizophrenia. Endurance training normalizes NAA in the hippocampus, but its effects on other metabolites in the brain and the relationship of metabolites to clinical symptoms remain unknown. For 12 weeks, 20 schizophrenia inpatients (14 men, 6 women) and 23 healthy controls (16 men, 7 women) performed endurance training and a control group of 21 schizophrenia inpatients (15 men, 6 women) played table soccer. A computer-assisted cognitive performance training program was introduced after 6 weeks. We assessed cognitive performance, psychopathological symptoms, and everyday functioning at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks and performed single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hippocampus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and thalamus. We quantified NAA, Glx, total creatine (tCr), calculated NAA/tCr and Glx/tCr and correlated these ratios with physical fitness, clinical and neurocognitive scores, and everyday functioning. At baseline, in both schizophrenia groups NAA/tCr was lower in the left DLPFC and left hippocampus and Glx/tCr was lower in the hippocampus than in the healthy controls. After 6 weeks, NAA/tCr increased in the left DLPFC in both schizophrenia groups. Brain metabolites did not change significantly in the hippocampus or thalamus, but the correlation between NAA/tCr and Glx/tCr normalized in the left DLPFC. Global Assessment of Functioning improvements correlated with NAA/tCr changes in the left DLPFC. In our study, endurance training and table soccer induced normalization of brain metabolite ratios in the brain circuitry associated with neuronal and synaptic elements, including metabolites of the glutamatergic system.
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Iqbal Z, Nguyen D, Hangel G, Motyka S, Bogner W, Jiang S. Super-Resolution 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Utilizing Deep Learning. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1010. [PMID: 31649879 PMCID: PMC6794570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (SI) is a unique imaging technique that provides biochemical information from in vivo tissues. The 1H spectra acquired from several spatial regions are quantified to yield metabolite concentrations reflective of tissue metabolism. However, since these metabolites are found in tissues at very low concentrations, SI is often acquired with limited spatial resolution. In this work, we test the hypothesis that deep learning is able to upscale low resolution SI, together with the T1-weighted (T1w) image, to reconstruct high resolution SI. We report on a novel densely connected UNet (D-UNet) architecture capable of producing super-resolution spectroscopic images. The inputs for the D-UNet are the T1w image and the low resolution SI image while the output is the high resolution SI. The results of the D-UNet are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to simulated and in vivo high resolution SI. It is found that this deep learning approach can produce high quality spectroscopic images and reconstruct entire 1H spectra from low resolution acquisitions, which can greatly advance the current SI workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Jiang
- Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Maghsudi H, Schütze M, Maudsley AA, Dadak M, Lanfermann H, Ding XQ. Age-related Brain Metabolic Changes up to Seventh Decade in Healthy Humans : Whole-brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Study. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 30:581-589. [PMID: 31350597 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-019-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study brain metabolic changes under normal aging and to collect reference data for the study of neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS A total of 55 healthy subjects aged 20-70 years (n ≥ 5 per age decade for each gender) underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 3T after completing a DemTect test and the Beck depressions inventory II to exclude cognitive impairment and mental disorder. Regional concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), total creatine (tCr), glutamine and glutamate (Glx), and myo-inositol (mI) were determined in 12 brain regions of interest (ROIs). The two-sided t‑test was used to estimate gender differences and linear regression analysis was carried out to estimate age dependence of brain regional metabolite contents. RESULTS Brain regional metabolite concentrations changed with age in the majority of selected brain regions. The NAA decreased in 8 ROIs with a rate varying from -4.9% to -1.9% per decade, reflecting a general reduction of brain neuronal function or volume and density in older age; Cho increased in 4 ROIs with a rate varying from 4.3% to 6.1%; tCr and mI increased in one ROI (4.2% and 8.2% per decade, respectively), whereas Glx decreased in one ROI (-5.1% per decade), indicating an inhomogeneous increase of cell membrane turnover (Cho) with altered energy metabolism (tCr) and glutamatergic neuronal activity (Glx) as well as function of glia cell (mI) in normal aging brain. CONCLUSION Healthy aging up to the seventh decade of life is associated with regional dependent alterations of brain metabolism. These results provide a reference database for future studies of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Maghsudi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Schütze
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew A Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mete Dadak
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lanfermann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiao-Qi Ding
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Hansen TM, Brock B, Juhl A, Drewes AM, Vorum H, Andersen CU, Jakobsen PE, Karmisholt J, Frøkjær JB, Brock C. Brain spectroscopy reveals that N-acetylaspartate is associated to peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:323-328. [PMID: 30733057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence shows, that distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) also involves alterations in the central nervous system. Hence, the aims were to investigate brain metabolites in white matter of adults with diabetes and DSPN, and to compare any cerebral disparities with peripheral nerve characteristics. METHODS In type 1 diabetes, brain metabolites of 47 adults with confirmed DSPN were compared with 28 matched healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the parietal region including the sensorimotor fiber tracts. RESULTS Adults with diabetes had 9.3% lower ratio of N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/cre) in comparison to healthy (p < 0.001). Lower NAA/cre was associated with lower sural (p = 0.01) and tibial (p = 0.04) nerve amplitudes, longer diabetes duration (p = 0.03) and higher age (p = 0.03). In addition, NAA/cre was significantly lower in the subgroup with proliferative retinopathy as compared to the subgroup with non-proliferative retinopathy (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The association to peripheral nerve dysfunction, indicates concomitant presence of DSPN and central neuropathies, supporting the increasing recognition of diabetic neuropathy being, at least partly, a disease leading to polyneuropathy. Decreased NAA, is a potential promising biomarker of central neuronal dysfunction or loss, and thus may be useful to measure progression of neuropathy in diabetes or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Maria Hansen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 6, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Anne Juhl
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 5, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carl Uggerhøj Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jakobsen
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Karmisholt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Christina Brock
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 11, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee HH, Kim H. Intact metabolite spectrum mining by deep learning in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:33-48. [PMID: 30860291 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a robust method for brain metabolite quantification in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) that maps in vivo brain spectra that are typically degraded by low SNR, line broadening, and spectral baseline into noise-free, line-narrowed, baseline-removed intact metabolite spectra. METHODS A CNN was trained (n = 40 000) and tested (n = 5000) on simulated brain spectra with wide ranges of SNR (6.90-20.74) and linewidth (10-20 Hz). The CNN was further tested on in vivo spectra (n = 40) from five healthy volunteers with substantially different SNR, and the results were compared with those from the LCModel analysis. A Student t test was performed for the comparison. RESULTS Using the proposed method the mean-absolute-percent-errors (MAPEs) in the estimated metabolite concentrations were 12.49% ± 4.35% for aspartate, creatine (Cr), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glucose, glutamine, glutamate, glutathione (GSH), myo-Inositol (mI), N-acetylaspartate, phosphocreatine (PCr), phosphorylethanolamine, and taurine over the whole simulated spectra in the test set. The metabolite concentrations estimated from in vivo spectra were close to the reported ranges for the proposed method and the LCModel analysis except mI, GSH, and especially Cr/PCr for the LCModel analysis, and phosphorylcholine to glycerophosphorylcholine ratio (PC/GPC) for both methods. The metabolite concentrations estimated across the in vivo spectra with different SNR were less variable with the proposed method (~10% or less) than with the LCModel analysis. CONCLUSION The robust performance of the proposed method against low SNR may allow a subminute 1 H-MRS of human brain, which is an important technical development for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Dhamala E, Abdelkefi I, Nguyen M, Hennessy TJ, Nadeau H, Near J. Validation of in vivo MRS measures of metabolite concentrations in the human brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4058. [PMID: 30663818 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only technique capable of non-invasively assessing metabolite concentrations in the brain. The lack of alternative methods makes validation of MRS measures challenging. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of MRS measures of human brain metabolite concentrations by comparing multiple MRS measures acquired using different MRS acquisition sequences. METHODS Single-voxel SPECIAL and MEGA-PRESS MR spectra were acquired from both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortices in 15 healthy subjects. The SPECIAL spectrum, as well as both the edit-off and difference spectra of MEGA-PRESS were each analyzed in LCModel to obtain estimates of the absolute concentrations of total choline (TCh; glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine), total creatine (TCr; creatine + phosphocreatine), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), NAA + NAAG, glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), Glu + Gln, scyllo-inositol (Scyllo), myo-inositol (Ins), glutathione (GSH), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), lactate (Lac) and aspartate (Asp). Then, having obtained up to three independent measures of each metabolite per brain region per subject, correlations between the different measures were assessed. RESULTS The degree of correlation between measures varied greatly across both the metabolites and sequences tested. As expected, metabolites with the most prominent spectral peaks (TCh, TCr, NAA + NAAG, Ins and Glu) had the most well-correlated measures between methods, while metabolites with less prominent spectral peaks (Lac, Gln, GABA, Asp, and NAAG) tended to have poorly-correlated measures between methods. Some metabolites with relatively less prominent spectral peaks (GSH, Scyllo) had fairly well-correlated measures between some methods. Combining metabolites improved the agreement between methods for measures of NAA + NAAG, but not for Glu + Gln. CONCLUSIONS Given that the ground truth for in vivo MRS measures is never known, the method proposed here provides a promising means to assess the validity of in vivo MRS measures, which has not yet been explored widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mavesa Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Dawson College, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - T Jay Hennessy
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hélène Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Dawson College, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jamie Near
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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48
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Tyurina AN, Fadeeva LM, Kornienko VN, Zakharova NE, Batalov AI, Mertsalova MP, Rodionov PV, Pogosbekyan EL, Pronin IN. [3D proton MR spectroscopy of the gray and white brain matter. A study of 15 volunteers]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2019; 82:23-29. [PMID: 30721214 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20188206123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the important problems of modern diagnostics of brain diseases is detection of early lesions, which determines the choice of patient management and the disease outcome. The introduction of magnetic resonance imaging in practice has significantly improved the quality of diagnosis. Multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an additional and clarifying technique enabling non-invasive examination of changes in brain metabolism in tumors as well as simultaneous acquisition of information on metabolism in surrounding tissues and in the intact brain matter. Along with single voxel MR spectroscopy (SV MRS) and 2D MRS (CSI Chemical Shift Imaging), 3D proton MRS (MRSI) has been increasingly used in clinical practice, which enables single-run acquisition of data on the metabolite composition for the entire volume of interest. OBJECTIVE To assess the possibility of using multivoxel 3D proton MRS in healthy volunteers without organic brain pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 15 volunteers without organic brain pathology were examined using the 3D 1H-MRS. CONCLUSION 3D proton MRS has proven to be an effective technique in studying the brain metabolism. One short-term series of examinations provided information on intact brain metabolism at different anatomical levels, which enabled their comparison both in spectral data and in parametric maps of the major metabolite distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Tyurina
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - L M Fadeeva
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A I Batalov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - P V Rodionov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Jung YH, Kim H, Lee D, Lee JY, Lee WJ, Moon JY, Kim YC, Choi SH, Kang DH. Disruption of Homeostasis Based on the Right and Left Hemisphere in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:276-284. [PMID: 31865325 DOI: 10.1159/000504140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the clinical features and pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have been studied in the peripheral and central nervous systems, few plausible pathological interactions are known among the metabolites in these systems. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate abnormal relationships and interactions between peripheral metabolites and central neurometabolites in patients with CRPS. METHODS Various metabolites and molecules were measured in the peripheral blood, and central neurometabolites in the right and left thalamus using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 12 patients with CRPS and 11 healthy controls. Interactions between peripheral metabolites in blood and central neurometabolites in the right and left thalamus were also investigated. RESULTS The interactions between peripheral and central metabolites were different in the right and left hemispheres of healthy subjects, suggesting the presence of right hemisphere-dependent energy homeostasis and left hemisphere-dependent acid-base homeostasis that enables effective functioning. The interactions between central and peripheral metabolites in CRPS patients were distinct from those in healthy individuals, supporting the possibility of abnormal interactions and disrupted homeostasis between peripheral and central metabolites, which may result from neuroinflammation and immune system dysfunction. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing abnormal metabolic dysfunction and disrupted homeostasis in interactions between metabolites of the peripheral and central nervous systems in CRPS. The approach used to uncover hidden pathophysiologies will improve understanding of how chronic pain can disrupt homeostasis in interactions between two systems and how alternative metabolites can be activated to recover and compensate for pathological dysfunctions in patients with CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ha Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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50
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Hong D, van Asten JJA, Rankouhi SR, Thielen JW, Norris DG. Implications of the magnetic susceptibility difference between grey and white matter for single-voxel proton spectroscopy at 7 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 297:51-60. [PMID: 30359907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility differences between grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) can potentially affect lineshapes and chemical shifts in single-voxel spectroscopy. This study aimed to investigate the consequences and potential utility of these effects. Spectroscopy voxels were segmented into GM, WM, and cerebrospinal fluid based on T1-weighted images. GM and WM lineshapes were computed using multi-echo gradient-echo images to measure the frequency distribution. Twenty 7 Tesla single voxel spectra with corresponding T1-weighted images were acquired from the frontal and parietal lobes from five healthy human volunteers. Consistent frequency shifts (mean [±SD] 4.9 ± 2.0 Hz) and linewidth differences (2.4 ± 1.5 Hz) between the two tissue types were observed. Directly visible metabolites (creatine, choline, and myo-inositol) exhibited frequency shifts and linewidth differences that were consistent with a linear-weighted summation of their expected GM and WM distribution ratios. The magnetic susceptibility difference between GM and WM had a detectable effect on single-voxel proton spectra, which results in both frequency shifts and lineshape broadening. This effect can be used to estimate the relative metabolic distribution in the GM and WM for directly observable metabolites. Fractional distributions estimated with this method demonstrated good agreement with literature values for the selected metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jack J A van Asten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Willem Thielen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David G Norris
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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