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Miranda A, Bertoglio D, Staelens S, Verhaeghe J. Accurate image derived input function in [ 18F]SynVesT-1 mouse studies using isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:78. [PMID: 38052966 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinetic modeling in positron emission tomography (PET) requires measurement of the tracer plasma activity in the absence of a suitable reference region. To avoid invasive blood sampling, the use of an image derived input function has been proposed. However, an accurate delineation of the blood pool region in the PET image is necessary to obtain unbiased blood activity. Here, to perform brain kinetic modeling in [18F]SynVesT-1 dynamic scans, we make use of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to unmix the activity signal from the different tissues that can contribute to the heart region activity, and extract only the left ventricle activity in an unbiased way. This method was implemented in dynamic [18F]SynVesT-1 scans of mice anesthetized with either isoflurane or ketamine-xylazine, two anesthestics that we showed to affect differently radiotracer kinetics. The left ventricle activity (NMF-IDIF) and a manually delineated cardiac activity (IDIF) were compared with arterial blood samples (ABS), and for isoflurane anesthetized mice, arteriovenous (AV) shunt blood data were compared as well. Finally, brain regional 2 tissue compartment modeling was performed using IDIF and NMF-IDIF, and the model fit accuracy (weighted symmetrical mean absolute percentage error, wsMAPE) as well as the total volume of distribution (VT) were compared. RESULTS In isoflurane anesthetized mice, the difference between ABS and NMF-IDIF activity (+ 12.8 [Formula: see text] 11%, p = 0.0023) was smaller than with IDIF (+ 16.4 [Formula: see text] 9.8%, p = 0.0008). For ketamine-xylazine anesthetized mice the reduction in difference was larger (NMF-IDIF: 16.9 [Formula: see text] 10%, p = 0.0057, IDIF: 56.3 [Formula: see text] 14%, p < 0.0001). Correlation coefficient between isoflurane AV-shunt time activity curves and NMF-IDIF (0.97 [Formula: see text] 0.01) was higher than with IDIF (0.94 [Formula: see text] 0.03). The brain regional 2TCM wsMAPE was improved using NMF-IDIF compared with IDIF, in isoflurane (NMF-IDIF: 1.24 [Formula: see text] 0.24%, IDIF: 1.56 [Formula: see text] 0.30%) and ketamine-xylazine (NMF-IDIF: 1.40 [Formula: see text] 0.24, IDIF: 2.62 [Formula: see text] 0.27) anesthetized mice. Finally, brain VT was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher using NMF-IDIF compared with IDIF, in isoflurane (3.97 [Formula: see text] 0.13% higher) and ketamine-xylazine (32.7 [Formula: see text] 2.4% higher) anesthetized mice. CONCLUSIONS Image derived left ventricle blood activity calculated with NMF improves absolute activity quantification, and reduces the error in the kinetic modeling fit. These improvements are more pronounced in ketamine-xylazine than in isoflurane anesthetized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Miranda
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Daniele Bertoglio
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Moore SM, Quirk JD, Lassiter AW, Laforest R, Ayers GD, Badea CT, Fedorov AY, Kinahan PE, Holbrook M, Larson PEZ, Sriram R, Chenevert TL, Malyarenko D, Kurhanewicz J, Houghton AM, Ross BD, Pickup S, Gee JC, Zhou R, Gammon ST, Manning HC, Roudi R, Daldrup-Link HE, Lewis MT, Rubin DL, Yankeelov TE, Shoghi KI. Co-Clinical Imaging Metadata Information (CIMI) for Cancer Research to Promote Open Science, Standardization, and Reproducibility in Preclinical Imaging. Tomography 2023; 9:995-1009. [PMID: 37218941 PMCID: PMC10204428 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical imaging is a critical component in translational research with significant complexities in workflow and site differences in deployment. Importantly, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) precision medicine initiative emphasizes the use of translational co-clinical oncology models to address the biological and molecular bases of cancer prevention and treatment. The use of oncology models, such as patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), has ushered in an era of co-clinical trials by which preclinical studies can inform clinical trials and protocols, thus bridging the translational divide in cancer research. Similarly, preclinical imaging fills a translational gap as an enabling technology for translational imaging research. Unlike clinical imaging, where equipment manufacturers strive to meet standards in practice at clinical sites, standards are neither fully developed nor implemented in preclinical imaging. This fundamentally limits the collection and reporting of metadata to qualify preclinical imaging studies, thereby hindering open science and impacting the reproducibility of co-clinical imaging research. To begin to address these issues, the NCI co-clinical imaging research program (CIRP) conducted a survey to identify metadata requirements for reproducible quantitative co-clinical imaging. The enclosed consensus-based report summarizes co-clinical imaging metadata information (CIMI) to support quantitative co-clinical imaging research with broad implications for capturing co-clinical data, enabling interoperability and data sharing, as well as potentially leading to updates to the preclinical Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Moore
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James D. Quirk
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew W. Lassiter
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Cristian T. Badea
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Andriy Y. Fedorov
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul E. Kinahan
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew Holbrook
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas L. Chenevert
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dariya Malyarenko
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Brian D. Ross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James C. Gee
- Department of Radiology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Henry Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heike E. Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T. Lewis
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel L. Rubin
- Departments of Biomedical Data Science, Radiology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Diagnostic Medicine and Oncology, Oden Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kooresh I. Shoghi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Mansoori Z, Jahromi MK, Daryanoosh F, Forouhari S. High intensity interval training is more effective than moderate intensity continuous training in ameliorating the influence of acute noise stress on coagulation factors. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hafen PS, Law AS, Matias C, Miller SG, Brault JJ. Skeletal muscle contraction kinetics and AMPK responses are modulated by the adenine nucleotide degrading enzyme AMPD1. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1055-1066. [PMID: 36107988 PMCID: PMC9602816 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00035.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP deaminase 1 (AMPD1; AMP → IMP + NH3) deficiency in skeletal muscle results in an inordinate accumulation of AMP during strenuous exercise, with some but not all studies reporting premature fatigue and reduced work capacity. To further explore these inconsistencies, we investigated the extent to which AMPD1 deficiency impacts skeletal muscle contractile function of different muscles and the [AMP]/AMPK responses to different intensities of fatiguing contractions. To reduce AMPD1 protein, we electroporated either an inhibitory AMPD1-specific miRNA encoding plasmid or a control plasmid, into contralateral EDL and SOL muscles of C57BL/6J mice (n = 48 males, 24 females). After 10 days, isolated muscles were assessed for isometric twitch, tetanic, and repeated fatiguing contraction characteristics using one of four (None, LOW, MOD, and HIGH) duty cycles. AMPD1 knockdown (∼35%) had no effect on twitch force or twitch contraction/relaxation kinetics. However, during maximal tetanic contractions, AMPD1 knockdown impaired both time-to-peak tension (TPT) and half-relaxation time (½ RT) in EDL, but not SOL muscle. In addition, AMPD1 knockdown in EDL exaggerated the AMP response to contractions at LOW (+100%) and MOD (+54%) duty cycles, but not at HIGH duty cycle. This accumulation of AMP was accompanied by increased AMPK phosphorylation (Thr-172; LOW +25%, MOD +34%) and downstream substrate phosphorylation (LOW +15%, MOD +17%). These responses to AMPD1 knockdown were not different between males and females. Our findings demonstrate that AMPD1 plays a role in maintaining skeletal muscle contractile function and regulating the energetic responses associated with repeated contractions in a muscle- but not sex-specific manner.NEW & NOTEWORTHY AMP deaminase 1 (AMPD1) deficiency has been associated with premature muscle fatigue and reduced work capacity, but this finding has been inconsistent. Herein, we report that although AMPD1 knockdown in mouse skeletal muscle does not change maximal isometric force, it negatively impacts muscle function by slowing contraction and relaxation kinetics in EDL muscle but not SOL muscle. Furthermore, AMPD1 knockdown differentially affects the [AMP]/AMPK responses to fatiguing contractions in an intensity-dependent manner in EDL muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Hafen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrew S Law
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Catalina Matias
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Spencer G Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Kwiatkowski G, Kozerke S. Quantitative myocardial first-pass perfusion imaging of CO 2 -induced vasodilation in rats. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4593. [PMID: 34337796 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inducible hypercapnia is an alternative for increasing the coronary blood flow necessary to facilitate the quantification of myocardial blood flow during hyperemia. The current study aimed to quantify the pharmacokinetic effect of a CO2 gas challenge on myocardial perfusion in rats using high-resolution, first-pass perfusion CMR and compared it with pharmacologically induced hyperemia using regadenoson. A dual-contrast, saturation-recovery, gradient-echo sequence with a Cartesian readout was used on a small-animal 9.4-T scanner; additional cine images during hyperemia/rest were recorded with an ultrashort echo time sequence. The mean myocardial blood flow value at rest was 6.1 ± 1.4 versus 13.9 ± 3.7 and 14.3 ± 4 mL/g/min during vasodilation with hypercapnia and regadenoson, respectively. Accordingly, the myocardial flow reserve value was 2.6 ± 1.1 for the gas challenge and 2.5 ± 1.4 for regadenoson. During hyperemia with both protocols, a significantly increased cardiac output was found. It was concluded that hypercapnia leads to significantly increased coronary flow and yields similar myocardial flow reserves in healthy rats as compared with pharmacological stimulation. Accordingly, inducible hypercapnia can be selected as an alternative stressor in CMR studies of myocardial blood flow in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Guerraty MA, Johnson LC, Blankemeyer E, Rader DJ, Moore SC, Metzler SD. Development and feasibility of quantitative dynamic cardiac imaging for mice using μSPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2647-2656. [PMID: 32133601 PMCID: PMC7483735 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing interest in coronary microvascular disease (CMVD), there is a dearth of mechanistic understanding. Mouse models offer opportunities to understand molecular processes in CMVD. We have sought to develop quantitative mouse imaging to assess coronary microvascular function. METHODS We used 99mTc-sestamibi to measure myocardial blood flow in mice with MILabs U-SPECT+ system. We determined recovery and crosstalk coefficients, the influx rate constant from blood to myocardium (K1), and, using microsphere perfusion, constraints on the extraction fraction curve. We used 99mTc and stannous pyrophosphate for red blood cell imaging to measure intramyocardial blood volume (IMBV) as an alternate measure of microvascular function. RESULTS The recovery coefficients for myocardial tissue (RT) and left ventricular arterial blood (RA) were 0.81 ± 0.16 and 1.07 ± 0.12, respectively. The assumption RT = 1 - FBV (fraction blood volume) does not hold in mice. Using a complete mixing matrix to fit a one-compartment model, we measured K1 of 0.57 ± 0.08 min-1. Constraints on the extraction fraction curve for 99mTc-sestamibi in mice for best-fit Renkin-Crone parameters were α = 0.99 and β = 0.39. Additionally, we found that wild-type mice increase their IMBV by 22.9 ± 3.3% under hyperemic conditions. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a framework for measuring K1 and change in IMBV in mice, demonstrating non-invasive µSPECT-based quantitative imaging of mouse microvascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Guerraty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-145 South Perelman Tower, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - L C Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Blankemeyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D J Rader
- Division of Human Genetics and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S C Moore
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S D Metzler
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Development and preclinical evaluation of novel fluorinated ammonium salts for PET myocardial perfusion imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19693. [PMID: 34608204 PMCID: PMC8490395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously presented the radiolabeled ammonium salt [11C]-dimethyl diphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]DMDPA) as a potential novel PET-MPI agent. The current study aimed to increase the clinical applicability of PET-MPI by designing and synthesizing fluorinated ammonium salt derivatives. Four fluorinated DMDPA derivatives and two quinolinium salt analogs were radiolabeled. The dynamic distribution in vivo, following injection of each derivative into male SD rats, was evaluated using small-animal dedicated PET/CT. Organ uptake after injection of [18F]fluoroethylquinolinium acetate ([18F]FEtQ) was examined ex vivo. Four fluorinated DMDPA derivatives were synthesized, two were labeled with fluorine-18: [18F]fluoroethyl-methyldiphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([18F]FEMDPA) and [18F]fluorobuthyl-methyldiphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([18F]FBMDPA). The other two were labeled using carbon-11: [11C]methyl-(3-fluorophenyl)-methylphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]3-F-DMDPA) and [11C]methyl-(4-fluorophenyl)-methylphenylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([11C]4-F-DMDPA). All four DMDPA derivatives exhibited significantly lower heart/liver radioactivity uptake ratios (0.6, 0.4, 0.7 and 0.6, respectively) compared to that of [11C]DMDPA (1.2). Conversely, the two radiolabeled quinolinium salt derivatives, [11C]methylquinolinium iodide ([11C]MeQ) and [18F]FEtQ demonstrated improved heart/liver ratios (2.0 and 1.3, respectively) with clear visualization of the left ventricle myocardium. Renal clearance was the major route of elimination. Among the fluorinated quaternary ammonium salts tested, [18F]FEtQ yielded the best images. Further studies are in progress to elucidate the underlying mechanism of its cardiac uptake.
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Shoghi KI, Badea CT, Blocker SJ, Chenevert TL, Laforest R, Lewis MT, Luker GD, Manning HC, Marcus DS, Mowery YM, Pickup S, Richmond A, Ross BD, Vilgelm AE, Yankeelov TE, Zhou R. Co-Clinical Imaging Resource Program (CIRP): Bridging the Translational Divide to Advance Precision Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:273-287. [PMID: 32879897 PMCID: PMC7442091 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health’s (National Cancer Institute) precision medicine initiative emphasizes the biological and molecular bases for cancer prevention and treatment. Importantly, it addresses the need for consistency in preclinical and clinical research. To overcome the translational gap in cancer treatment and prevention, the cancer research community has been transitioning toward using animal models that more fatefully recapitulate human tumor biology. There is a growing need to develop best practices in translational research, including imaging research, to better inform therapeutic choices and decision-making. Therefore, the National Cancer Institute has recently launched the Co-Clinical Imaging Research Resource Program (CIRP). Its overarching mission is to advance the practice of precision medicine by establishing consensus-based best practices for co-clinical imaging research by developing optimized state-of-the-art translational quantitative imaging methodologies to enable disease detection, risk stratification, and assessment/prediction of response to therapy. In this communication, we discuss our involvement in the CIRP, detailing key considerations including animal model selection, co-clinical study design, need for standardization of co-clinical instruments, and harmonization of preclinical and clinical quantitative imaging pipelines. An underlying emphasis in the program is to develop best practices toward reproducible, repeatable, and precise quantitative imaging biomarkers for use in translational cancer imaging and therapy. We will conclude with our thoughts on informatics needs to enable collaborative and open science research to advance precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cristian T Badea
- Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Stephanie J Blocker
- Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes-Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel S Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yvonne M Mowery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, Durham, NC
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian D Ross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Diagnostic Medicine, and Oncology, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Austin, TX; and.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Navarro KL, Huss M, Smith JC, Sharp P, Marx JO, Pacharinsak C. Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science. ILAR J 2021; 62:238-273. [PMID: 34180990 PMCID: PMC9236661 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an art and science to performing mouse anesthesia, which is a significant component to animal research. Frequently, anesthesia is one vital step of many over the course of a research project spanning weeks, months, or beyond. It is critical to perform anesthesia according to the approved research protocol using appropriately handled and administered pharmaceutical-grade compounds whenever possible. Sufficient documentation of the anesthetic event and procedure should also be performed to meet the legal, ethical, and research reproducibility obligations. However, this regulatory and documentation process may lead to the use of a few possibly oversimplified anesthetic protocols used for mouse procedures and anesthesia. Although a frequently used anesthetic protocol may work perfectly for each mouse anesthetized, sometimes unexpected complications will arise, and quick adjustments to the anesthetic depth and support provided will be required. As an old saying goes, anesthesia is 99% boredom and 1% sheer terror. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the science of mouse anesthesia together with the art of applying these anesthetic techniques to provide readers with the knowledge needed for successful anesthetic procedures. The authors include experiences in mouse inhalant and injectable anesthesia, peri-anesthetic monitoring, specific procedures, and treating common complications. This article utilizes key points for easy access of important messages and authors’ recommendation based on the authors’ clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela L Navarro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monika Huss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Smith
- Bioresources Department, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick Sharp
- Office of Research and Economic Development, University of California, Merced, California, USA
- Animal Resources Authority, Murdoch, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James O Marx
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cholawat Pacharinsak
- Corresponding Author: Cholawat Pacharinsak, DVM, PhD, DACVAA, Stanford University, Department of Comparative Medicine, 287 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5410, USA. E-mail:
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Tyrankiewicz U, Olkowicz M, Berkowicz P, Jablonska M, Smolenski RT, Zoladz JA, Chlopicki S. Physical Activity and Inhibition of ACE Additively Modulate ACE/ACE-2 Balance in Heart Failure in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682432. [PMID: 34163362 PMCID: PMC8215444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) and physical activity favorably modulate the ACE/ACE-2 balance. However, it is not clear whether physical activity and ACE-I could synergistically modulate ACE/ACE-2 balance in the course of heart failure (HF). Here, we studied the effects of combined spontaneous physical activity and ACE-I–based treatment on angiotensin (Ang) pattern and cardiac function in a mouse model of HF (Tgαq*44). Tgαq*44 mice with advanced HF (at the age of 12 months) were running spontaneously in a running wheel (exercise training group, ExT) and/or were treated with ACE inhibitor (ACE-I, perindopril, 10 mg/kg) for 2 months. Angiotensin profile was characterized by an LC-MS/MS-based method. The cardiac performance was assessed in vivo by MRI. Ang-(1–7)/Ang II ratio in both plasma and the aorta was significantly higher in the combined treatment group than the ACE-I group or ExT alone, suggesting the additive favorable effects on ACE-2/Ang-(1–7) and ACE/Ang II axes’ balance induced by a combination of ACE-I with ExT. The basal cardiac performance did not differ among the experimental groups of Tgαq*44 mice. We demonstrated additive changes in ACE/ACE-2 balance in both plasma and the aorta by spontaneous physical activity and ACE-I treatment in Tgαq*44 mice. However, these changes did not result in an improvement of failing heart function most likely because the disease was at the end-stage. Ang-(1–7)/Ang II balance represents a valuable biochemical end point for monitoring therapeutic intervention outcome in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Berkowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jablonska
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy A Zoladz
- Department of Muscle Physiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Ku MC, Kober F, Lai YC, Pohlmann A, Qadri F, Bader M, Carrier L, Niendorf T. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects microvascular dysfunction in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:63. [PMID: 34053450 PMCID: PMC8166121 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) related myocardial vascular remodelling may lead to the reduction of myocardial blood supply and a subsequent progressive loss of cardiac function. This process has been difficult to observe and thus their connection remains unclear. Here we used non-invasive myocardial blood flow sensitive CMR to show an impairment of resting myocardial perfusion in a mouse model of naturally occurring HCM. METHODS We used a mouse model (DBA/2 J; D2 mouse strain) that spontaneously carries variants in the two most susceptible HCM genes-Mybpc3 and Myh7 and bears the key features of human HCM. The C57BL/6 J (B6) was used as a reference strain. Mice with either B6 or D2 backgrounds (male: n = 4, female: n = 4) underwent cine-CMR for functional assessment at 9.4 T. Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness was measured in end diastolic phase by cine-CMR. Quantitative myocardial perfusion maps (male: n = 5, female: n = 5 in each group) were acquired from arterial spin labelling (cine ASL-CMR) at rest. Myocardial perfusion values were measured by delineating different regions of interest based on the LV segmentation model in the mid ventricle of the LV myocardium. Directly after the CMR, the mouse hearts were removed for histological assessments to confirm the incidence of myocardial interstitial fibrosis (n = 8 in each group) and small vessel remodelling such as vessel density (n = 6 in each group) and perivascular fibrosis (n = 8 in each group). RESULTS LV hypertrophy was more pronounced in D2 than in B6 mice (male: D2 LV wall thickness = 1.3 ± 0.1 mm vs B6 LV wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.0 mm, p < 0.001; female: D2 LV wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.1 mm vs B6 LV wall thickness = 0.8 ± 0.1 mm, p < 0.01). The resting global myocardial perfusion (myocardial blood flow; MBF) was lower in D2 than in B6 mice (end-diastole: D2 MBFglobal = 7.5 ± 0.6 vs B6 MBFglobal = 9.3 ± 1.6 ml/g/min, p < 0.05; end-systole: D2 MBFglobal = 6.6 ± 0.8 vs B6 MBFglobal = 8.2 ± 2.6 ml/g/min, p < 0.01). This myocardial microvascular dysfunction was observed and associated with a reduction in regional MBF, mainly in the interventricular septal and inferior areas of the myocardium. Immunofluorescence revealed a lower number of vessel densities in D2 than in B6 (D2 capillary = 31.0 ± 3.8% vs B6 capillary = 40.7 ± 4.6%, p < 0.05). Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was significantly higher in D2 LV versus B6 LV mice (D2 CVF = 3.7 ± 1.4% vs B6 CVF = 1.7 ± 0.7%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a higher ratio of perivascular fibrosis (PFR) was found in D2 than in B6 mice (D2 PFR = 2.3 ± 1.0%, B6 PFR = 0.8 ± 0.4%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our work describes an imaging marker using cine ASL-CMR with a potential to monitor vascular and myocardial remodelling in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Kober
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Yi-Ching Lai
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Mu L, Krämer SD, Warnock GI, Haider A, Bengs S, Cartolano G, Bräm DS, Keller C, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Kaufmann PA, Gebhard C. [ 11C]mHED PET follows a two-tissue compartment model in mouse myocardium with norepinephrine transporter (NET)-dependent uptake, while [ 18F]LMI1195 uptake is NET-independent. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:114. [PMID: 32990788 PMCID: PMC7524946 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter (NET) function provides valuable diagnostic information on sympathetic outflow and neuronal status. As data on the NET-targeting PET tracers [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine ([11C]mHED) and [18F]LMI1195 ([18F]flubrobenguane) in murine experimental models are scarce or lacking, we performed a detailed characterization of their myocardial uptake pattern and investigated [11C]mHED uptake by kinetic modelling. METHODS [11C]mHED and [18F]LMI1195 accumulation in the heart was studied by PET/CT in FVB/N mice. To test for specific uptake by NET, desipramine, a selective NET inhibitor, was administered by intraperitoneal injection. [11C]mHED kinetic modelling with input function from an arteriovenous shunt was performed in three mice. RESULTS Both tracers accumulated in the mouse myocardium; however, only [11C]mHED uptake was significantly reduced by excess amount of desipramine. Myocardial [11C]mHED uptake was half-saturated at 88.3 nmol/kg of combined mHED and metaraminol residual. After [11C]mHED injection, a radiometabolite was detected in plasma and urine, but not in the myocardium. [11C]mHED kinetics followed serial two-tissue compartment models with desipramine-sensitive K1. CONCLUSION PET with [11C]mHED but not [18F]LMI1195 provides information on NET function in the mouse heart. [11C]mHED PET is dose-independent in the mouse myocardium at < 10 nmol/kg of combined mHED and metaraminol. [11C]mHED kinetics followed serial two-tissue compartment models with K1 representing NET transport. Myocardial [11C]mHED uptake obtained from PET images may be used to assess cardiac sympathetic integrity in mouse models of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Mu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey I Warnock
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Cartolano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic S Bräm
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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13
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14
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Mc Larney B, Hutter MA, Degtyaruk O, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Monitoring of Stimulus Evoked Murine Somatosensory Cortex Hemodynamic Activity With Volumetric Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536. [PMID: 32581686 PMCID: PMC7283916 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory stimulation is an attractive paradigm for studying brain activity using various optical-, ultrasound- and MRI-based functional neuroimaging methods. Optoacoustics has been recently suggested as a powerful new tool for scalable mapping of multiple hemodynamic parameters with rich contrast and previously unachievable spatio-temporal resolution. Yet, its utility for studying the processing of peripheral inputs at the whole brain level has so far not been quantified. We employed volumetric multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) to non-invasively monitor the HbO, HbR, and HbT dynamics across the mouse somatosensory cortex evoked by electrical paw stimuli. We show that elevated contralateral activation is preserved in the HbO map (invisible to MRI) under isoflurane anesthesia. Brain activation is shown to be predominantly confined to the somatosensory cortex, with strongest activation in the hindpaw region of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, vMSOT detected the presence of an initial dip in the contralateral hindpaw region in the delta HbO channel. Sensorimotor cortical activity was identified over all other regions in HbT and HbO but not in HbR. Pearson’s correlation mapping enabled localizing the response to the sensorimotor cortex further highlighting the ability of vMSOT to bridge over imaging performance deficiencies of other functional neuroimaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Mc Larney
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Oleksiy Degtyaruk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Kwiatkowski G, Kozerke S. Extended quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac perfusion imaging in mice using accelerated data acquisition and spatially distributed, two-compartment exchange modeling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4123. [PMID: 31209939 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to improve data acquisition and quantification of dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging in the in vivo murine heart. Four-fold undersampled data were acquired in 14 mice and reconstructed using k-t SPARSE. A two-compartment exchange model was employed to provide additional characterization of myocardial tissue based on compartment volumes and the permeability surface area product. The feasibility of the proposed method was tested using compartment-based analysis of contrast-enhanced perfusion data acquired with intravascular and extracellular contrast agents. A significantly different permeability surface area product was measured for the intravascular versus extracellular contrast agent (0.13-0.15 ml/g/min vs 0.86-0.88 ml/g/min). The reduced extravasation also resulted in significantly smaller interstitial volumes of the intravascular versus extracellular agent (9.8-11% vs 45-47%). No difference was found for myocardial blood flow (6.5-7.2 ml/g/min vs 6.0-7.0 ml/g/min). The results presented here show that two-compartment exchange modeling in the in vivo murine heart is feasible and gives access to tissue parameters beyond myocardial blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Myocardial Injury After Ischemia/Reperfusion Is Attenuated By Pharmacological Galectin-3 Inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9607. [PMID: 31270370 PMCID: PMC6610618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although optimal therapy for myocardial infarction includes reperfusion to restore blood flow to the ischemic region, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) also initiates an inflammatory response likely contributing to adverse left ventricular (LV) extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding-lectin, promotes cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Our aim is to investigate whether Gal-3 pharmacological inhibition using modified citrus pectin (MCP) improves cardiac remodeling and functional changes associated with IR. Wistar rats were treated with MCP from 1 day before until 8 days after IR (coronary artery ligation) injury. Invasive hemodynamics revealed that both LV contractility and LV compliance were impaired in IR rats. LV compliance was improved by MCP treatment 8 days after IR. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased LV perfusion in IR rats, which was improved with MCP. There was no difference in LV hypertrophy in MCP-treated compared to untreated IR rats. However, MCP treatment decreased the ischemic area as well as Gal-3 expression. Gal-3 blockade paralleled lower myocardial inflammation and reduced fibrosis. These novel data showing the benefits of MCP in compliance and ECM remodeling in IR reinforces previously published data showing the therapeutic potential of Gal-3 inhibition.
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17
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Lachaux M, Barrera-Chimal J, Nicol L, Rémy-Jouet I, Renet S, Dumesnil A, Wecker D, Richard V, Kolkhof P, Jaisser F, Ouvrard-Pascaud A, Mulder P. Short- and long-term administration of the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone opposes metabolic syndrome-related cardio-renal dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2399-2407. [PMID: 29862614 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists oppose metabolic syndrome-related end-organ, i.e. cardiac, damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Zucker fa/fa rats, a rat model of metabolic syndrome, we assessed the effects of the non-steroidal MR antagonist finerenone (oral 2 mg/kg/day) on left ventricular (LV) function, haemodynamics and remodelling (using echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and biochemical methods). RESULTS Long-term (90 days) finerenone modified neither systolic blood pressure nor heart rate, but reduced LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship, without modifying LV end-systolic pressure and LV end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. Simultaneously, long-term finerenone reduced both LV systolic and diastolic diameters, associated with reductions in LV weight and LV collagen density, while proteinuria and renal nGAL expression were reduced. Short-term (7 days) finerenone improved LV haemodynamics and reduced LV systolic diameter, without modifying LV diastolic diameter. Moreover, short-term finerenone increased myocardial tissue perfusion and reduced myocardial reactive oxygen species, while plasma nitrite levels, an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) bio-availability, were increased. CONCLUSIONS In rats with metabolic syndrome, the non-steroidal MR antagonist finerenone opposed metabolic syndrome-related diastolic cardiac dysfunction and nephropathy. This involved acute effects, such as improved myocardial perfusion, reduced oxidative stress/increased NO bioavailability, as well as long-term effects, such as modifications in the myocardial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lachaux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Lionel Nicol
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Rémy-Jouet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Anais Dumesnil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1138, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Ouvrard-Pascaud
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1096, FHU- REMOD-VHF, 76000 Rouen, France
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Knutsson L, Xu J, Ahlgren A, van Zijl P. CEST, ASL, and magnetization transfer contrast: How similar pulse sequences detect different phenomena. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1320-1340. [PMID: 29845640 PMCID: PMC6097930 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) methods generate different contrasts for MRI. However, they share many similarities in terms of pulse sequences and mechanistic principles. They all use RF pulse preparation schemes to label the longitudinal magnetization of certain proton pools and follow the delivery and transfer of this magnetic label to a water proton pool in a tissue region of interest, where it accumulates and can be detected using any imaging sequence. Due to the versatility of MRI, differences in spectral, spatial or motional selectivity of these schemes can be exploited to achieve pool specificity, such as for arterial water protons in ASL, protons on solute molecules in CEST, and protons on semi-solid cell structures in MTC. Timing of these sequences can be used to optimize for the rate of a particular delivery and/or exchange transfer process, for instance, between different tissue compartments (ASL) or between tissue molecules (CEST/MTC). In this review, magnetic labeling strategies for ASL and the corresponding CEST and MTC pulse sequences are compared, including continuous labeling, single-pulse labeling, and multi-pulse labeling. Insight into the similarities and differences among these techniques is important not only to comprehend the mechanisms and confounds of the contrasts they generate, but also to stimulate the development of new MRI techniques to improve these contrasts or to reduce their interference. This, in turn, should benefit many possible applications in the fields of physiological and molecular imaging and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - A Ahlgren
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P.C.M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Mukaddim RA, Rodgers A, Hacker TA, Heinmiller A, Varghese T. Real-Time in Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging in the Assessment of Myocardial Dynamics in Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2155-2164. [PMID: 30064849 PMCID: PMC6135705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an evolving real-time imaging modality that combines the higher contrast of optical imaging with the higher spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. We utilized dual-wavelength PAI for the diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial ischemia by assessing variations in blood oxygen saturation estimated in a murine model. The use of high-frequency ultrasound in conjunction with PAI enabled imaging of anatomic and functional changes associated with ischemia. Myocardial ischemia was established in eight mice by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Longitudinal results reveal that PAI is sensitive to acute myocardial ischemia, with a rapid decline in blood oxygen saturation (p ˂ 0.001) observed after LAD ligation (30 min: 33.05 ± 6.80%, 80 min: 36.59 ± 5.22%, 120 min: 36.70 ± 9.46%, 24 h: 40.55 ± 13.04%) compared with baseline (87.83 ± 5.73%). Variation in blood oxygen saturation was found to be linearly correlated with ejection fraction (%), fractional shortening (%) and stroke volume (µL), with Pearson's correlation coefficient values of 0.66, 0.67 and 0.77, respectively (p ˂ 0.001). Our results indicate that PAI has the potential for real-time diagnosis and monitoring of acute myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Al Mukaddim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allison Rodgers
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Tomy Varghese
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Deletion of Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium reveals the developmental origins of pathological heterogeneity associated with ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007502. [PMID: 29979676 PMCID: PMC6051668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy associated with a hypertrabeculated phenotype and a large spectrum of symptoms. It is still unclear whether LVNC results from a defect of ventricular trabeculae development and the mechanistic basis that underlies the varying severity of this pathology is unknown. To investigate these issues, we inactivated the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium at different stages of trabecular morphogenesis using an inducible Cx40-creERT2 allele. Conditional deletion of Nkx2-5 at embryonic stages, during trabecular formation, provokes a severe hypertrabeculated phenotype associated with subendocardial fibrosis and Purkinje fiber hypoplasia. A milder phenotype was observed after Nkx2-5 deletion at fetal stages, during trabecular compaction. A longitudinal study of cardiac function in adult Nkx2-5 conditional mutant mice demonstrates that excessive trabeculation is associated with complex ventricular conduction defects, progressively leading to strain defects, and, in 50% of mutant mice, to heart failure. Progressive impaired cardiac function correlates with conduction and strain defects independently of the degree of hypertrabeculation. Transcriptomic analysis of molecular pathways reflects myocardial remodeling with a larger number of differentially expressed genes in the severe versus mild phenotype and identifies Six1 as being upregulated in hypertrabeculated hearts. Our results provide insights into the etiology of LVNC and link its pathogenicity with compromised trabecular development including compaction defects and ventricular conduction system hypoplasia. During fetal heart morphogenesis, formation of the mature ventricular wall requires coordinated compaction of the inner trabecular layer and growth of the outer layer of myocardium. Arrested trabecular development has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertrabeculation associated with ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. However much uncertainty still exists among clinicians concerning the physiopathology of ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, including its clinical characteristics, prognosis, classification and even the definition of hypertrabeculation. In particular, distinguishing between pathological and non-pathological subtypes of non-compaction is currently a major issue. Here we show that deletion of the gene encoding the transcription factor Nkx2-5 at critical steps during trabecular development recapitulates pathological features of hypertrabeculation, providing the first model of ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in adult mice. We demonstrate that excessive trabeculation due to failure of trabecular compaction during fetal development is associated with Purkinje fiber hypoplasia and subendocardial fibrosis. Longitudinal functional studies reveal that these mice present all the clinical signs of symptomatic left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, including conduction defects, strain defects and progressive heart failure. Our results, including transcriptomic analysis, suggest that pathological features of non-compaction are primarily developmental defects. This study clarifies the origin of the pathological outcomes associated with LVNC and may provide helpful information for clinicians concerning the etiology of this rare cardiomyopathy.
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Knutsen RH, Beeman SC, Broekelmann TJ, Liu D, Tsang KM, Kovacs A, Ye L, Danback JR, Watson A, Wardlaw A, Wagenseil JE, Garbow JR, Shoykhet M, Kozel BA. Minoxidil improves vascular compliance, restores cerebral blood flow, and alters extracellular matrix gene expression in a model of chronic vascular stiffness. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H18-H32. [PMID: 29498532 PMCID: PMC6087770 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00683.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular stiffness correlates with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications in aging adults. Elastin (ELN) insufficiency, as observed in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome or with familial supravalvular aortic stenosis, also increases vascular stiffness and leads to arterial narrowing. We used Eln+/- mice to test the hypothesis that pathologically increased vascular stiffness with concomitant arterial narrowing leads to decreased blood flow to end organs such as the brain. We also hypothesized that drugs that remodel arteries and increase lumen diameter would improve flow. To test these hypotheses, we compared carotid blood flow using ultrasound and cerebral blood flow using MRI-based arterial spin labeling in wild-type (WT) and Eln+/- mice. We then studied how minoxidil, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener and vasodilator, affects vessel mechanics, blood flow, and gene expression. Both carotid and cerebral blood flows were lower in Eln+/- mice than in WT mice. Treatment of Eln+/- mice with minoxidil lowered blood pressure and reduced functional arterial stiffness to WT levels. Minoxidil also improved arterial diameter and restored carotid and cerebral blood flows in Eln+/- mice. The beneficial effects persisted for weeks after drug removal. RNA-Seq analysis revealed differential expression of 127 extracellular matrix-related genes among the treatment groups. These results indicate that ELN insufficiency impairs end-organ perfusion, which may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk. Minoxidil, despite lowering blood pressure, improves end-organ perfusion. Changes in matrix gene expression and persistence of treatment effects after drug withdrawal suggest arterial remodeling. Such remodeling may benefit patients with genetic or age-dependent ELN insufficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work with a model of chronic vascular stiffness, the elastin ( Eln)+/- mouse, shows reduced brain perfusion as measured by carotid ultrasound and MRI arterial spin labeling. Vessel caliber, functional stiffness, and blood flow improved with minoxidil. The ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener increased Eln gene expression and altered 126 other matrix-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Knutsen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott C Beeman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Delong Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kit Man Tsang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua R Danback
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anderson Watson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amanda Wardlaw
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Shoykhet
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Brás LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H733-H752. [PMID: 29351456 PMCID: PMC5966769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and translational research is needed to understand better mechanisms whereby the left ventricle responds to injury. Mouse models of heart disease have provided valuable insights into mechanisms that occur during cardiac aging and in response to a variety of pathologies. The assessment of cardiovascular physiological responses to injury or insult is an important and necessary component of this research. With increasing consideration for rigor and reproducibility, the goal of this guidelines review is to provide best-practice information regarding how to measure accurately cardiac physiology in animal models. In this article, we define guidelines for the measurement of cardiac physiology in mice, as the most commonly used animal model in cardiovascular research. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-measuring-cardiac-physiology-in-mice/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
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23
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Verkaik M, van Poelgeest EM, Kwekkeboom RFJ, Ter Wee PM, van den Brom CE, Vervloet MG, Eringa EC. Myocardial contrast echocardiography in mice: technical and physiological aspects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H381-H391. [PMID: 29101165 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00242.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) offers the opportunity to study myocardial perfusion defects in mice in detail. The value of MCE compared with single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography consists of high spatial resolution, the possibility of quantification of blood volume, and relatively low costs. Nevertheless, a number of technical and physiological aspects should be considered to ensure reproducibility among research groups. The aim of this overview is to describe technical aspects of MCE and the physiological parameters that influence myocardial perfusion data obtained with this technique. First, technical aspects of MCE discussed in this technical review are logarithmic compression of ultrasound data by ultrasound systems, saturation of the contrast signal, and acquisition of images during different phases of the cardiac cycle. Second, physiological aspects of myocardial perfusion that are affected by the experimental design are discussed, including the anesthesia regimen, systemic cardiovascular effects of vasoactive agents used, and fluctuations in body temperature that alter myocardial perfusion. When these technical and physiological aspects of MCE are taken into account and adequately standardized, MCE is an easily accessible technique for mice that can be used to study the control of myocardial perfusion by a wide range of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Verkaik
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Poelgeest
- Department of Physiology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rick F J Kwekkeboom
- Department of Physiology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Piet M Ter Wee
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Institute Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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24
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Cicone F, Viertl D, Quintela Pousa AM, Denoël T, Gnesin S, Scopinaro F, Vozenin MC, Prior JO. Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging in Rodents: A Review of Methods, Results, and Factors at Play. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:35. [PMID: 28424774 PMCID: PMC5372793 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest around small-animal cardiac radionuclide imaging is growing as rodent models can be manipulated to allow the simulation of human diseases. In addition to new radiopharmaceuticals testing, often researchers apply well-established probes to animal models, to follow the evolution of the target disease. This reverse translation of standard radiopharmaceuticals to rodent models is complicated by technical shortcomings and by obvious differences between human and rodent cardiac physiology. In addition, radionuclide studies involving small animals are affected by several extrinsic variables, such as the choice of anesthetic. In this paper, we review the major cardiac features that can be studied with classical single-photon and positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, namely, cardiac function, perfusion and metabolism, as well as the results and pitfalls of small-animal radionuclide imaging techniques. In addition, we provide a concise guide to the understanding of the most frequently used anesthetics such as ketamine/xylazine, isoflurane, and pentobarbital. We address in particular their mechanisms of action and the potential effects on radionuclide imaging. Indeed, cardiac function, perfusion, and metabolism can all be significantly affected by varying anesthetics and animal handling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Nuclear Medicine, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David Viertl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Maria Quintela Pousa
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Service of Radiation-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Denoël
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvano Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Scopinaro
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Service of Radiation-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Lee H, Lee J, Joe E, Yang S, Song JE, Choi YS, Wang E, Joo CG, Song HT, Kim DH. Flow-suppressed hyperpolarized 13 C chemical shift imaging using velocity-optimized bipolar gradient in mouse liver tumors at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1674-1682. [PMID: 28019020 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize and investigate the influence of bipolar gradients for flow suppression in metabolic quantification of hyperpolarized 13 C chemical shift imaging (CSI) of mouse liver at 9.4 T. METHODS The trade-off between the amount of flow suppression using bipolar gradients and T2* effect from static spins was simulated. A free induction decay CSI sequence with alternations between the flow-suppressed and non-flow-suppressed acquisitions for each repetition time was developed and was applied to liver tumor-bearing mice via injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate. RESULTS The in vivo results from flow suppression using the velocity-optimized bipolar gradient were comparable with the simulation results. The vascular signal was adequately suppressed and signal loss in stationary tissue was minimized. Application of the velocity-optimized bipolar gradient to tumor-bearing mice showed reduction in the vessel-derived pyruvate signal contamination, and the average lactate/pyruvate ratio increased by 0.095 (P < 0.05) in the tumor region after flow suppression. CONCLUSION Optimization of the bipolar gradient is essential because of the short 13 C T2* and high signal in venous flow in the mouse liver. The proposed velocity-optimized bipolar gradient can suppress the vascular signal, minimizing T2*-related signal loss in stationary tissues at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 78:1674-1682, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonsung Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunhae Joe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungwook Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Song
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Wang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Gyu Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Taek Song
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Selective Heart Rate Reduction Improves Metabolic Syndrome-related Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016. [PMID: 26222991 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced heart rate observed in metabolic syndrome (MS) contributes to the deterioration of left ventricular (LV) function via impaired LV filling and relaxation, increased myocardial O2 consumption, and reduced coronary perfusion. However, whether heart rate reduction (HRR) opposes LV dysfunction observed in MS is unknown. METHODS We assessed in Zucker fa/fa rats, a rat model of MS, the cardiovascular effects of HRR induced by the If current inhibitor S38844 (3 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)). RESULTS Delayed short-term (4 days) and long-term (90 days) HRR induced by S38844 reduced LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relation, increased myocardial tissue perfusion, decreased myocardial oxidized glutathione levels, and preserved cardiac output, without modifying LV end-systolic pressure and LV end-systolic pressure-volume relation, although only long-term S38844 opposed LV collagen accumulation. Long-term S38844 improved flow-induced endothelium-dependent dilatation of mesenteric arteries, while metabolic parameters, such as plasma glucose levels, and Hb1c, were never modified. CONCLUSIONS In rats with MS, HRR induced by the If inhibitor S38844 improved LV diastolic function and endothelium-dependent vascular dilatation, independent from modifications in metabolic status. Moreover, this improvement in cardiac function involves not only immediate effects such as improved myocardial perfusion and reduced oxidative stress but also long-term effects such as modifications in the myocardial structure.
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27
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Kober F, Jao T, Troalen T, Nayak KS. Myocardial arterial spin labeling. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:22. [PMID: 27071861 PMCID: PMC4830031 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique for mapping regional myocardial blood flow. It does not require any contrast agents, is compatible with stress testing, and can be performed repeatedly or even continuously. ASL-CMR has been performed with great success in small-animals, but sensitivity to date has been poor in large animals and humans and remains an active area of research. This review paper summarizes the development of ASL-CMR techniques, current state-of-the-art imaging methods, the latest findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies, and future directions. We also explain how successful developments in brain ASL and small-animal ASL-CMR have helped to inform developments in large animal and human ASL-CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kober
- />Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS CRMBM UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Terrence Jao
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Thomas Troalen
- />Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS CRMBM UMR 7339, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Krishna S. Nayak
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
- />Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA
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28
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Abdesselam I, Pepino P, Troalen T, Macia M, Ancel P, Masi B, Fourny N, Gaborit B, Giannesini B, Kober F, Dutour A, Bernard M. Time course of cardiometabolic alterations in a high fat high sucrose diet mice model and improvement after GLP-1 analog treatment using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:95. [PMID: 26546347 PMCID: PMC4636800 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications of obesity and diabetes are major health problems. Assessing their development, their link with ectopic fat deposition and their flexibility with therapeutic intervention is essential. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate cardiac alterations and ectopic fat accumulation associated with diet-induced obesity using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in mice. The second objective was to monitor cardiac response to exendin-4 (GLP-1 receptor agonist). METHODS Male C57BL6R mice subjected to a high fat (35 %) high sucrose (34 %) (HFHSD) or a standard diet (SD) during 4 months were explored every month with multimodal CMR to determine hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content (HTGC, MTGC) using proton MR spectroscopy, cardiac function with cine cardiac MR (CMR) and myocardial perfusion with arterial spin labeling CMR. Furthermore, mice treated with exendin-4 (30 μg/kg SC BID) after 4 months of diet were explored before and 14 days post-treatment with multimodal CMR. RESULTS HFHSD mice became significantly heavier (+33 %) and displayed glucose homeostasis impairment (1-month) as compared to SD mice, and developed early increase in HTGC (1 month, +59 %) and MTGC (2-month, +63 %). After 3 months, HFHSD mice developed cardiac dysfunction with significantly higher diastolic septum wall thickness (sWtnD) (1.28 ± 0.03 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 mm) and lower cardiac index (0.45 ± 0.06 mL/min/g vs. 0.68 ± 0.07 mL/min/g, p = 0.02) compared to SD mice. A significantly lower cardiac perfusion was also observed (4 months:7.5 ± 0.8 mL/g/min vs. 10.0 ± 0.7 mL/g/min, p = 0.03). Cardiac function at 4 months was negatively correlated to both HTGC and MTGC (p < 0.05). 14-day treatment with Exendin-4 (Ex-4) dramatically reversed all these alterations in comparison with placebo-treated HFHSD. Ex-4 diminished myocardial triglyceride content (-57.8 ± 4.1 %), improved cardiac index (+38.9 ± 10.9 %) and restored myocardial perfusion (+52.8 ± 16.4 %) under isoflurane anesthesia. Interestingly, increased wall thickness and hepatic steatosis reductions were independent of weight loss and glycemia decrease in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CMR longitudinal follow-up of cardiac consequences of obesity and diabetes showed early accumulation of ectopic fat in mice before the occurrence of microvascular and contractile dysfunction. This study also supports a cardioprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Abdesselam
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Pepino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Troalen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Macia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Brice Masi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Fourny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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30
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Naresh NK, Chen X, Moran E, Tian Y, French BA, Epstein FH. Repeatability and variability of myocardial perfusion imaging techniques in mice: Comparison of arterial spin labeling and first-pass contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2394-405. [PMID: 26190350 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical imaging of myocardial blood flow (MBF) can elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease. We compared the repeatability and variability of two methods, first-pass MRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL), for imaging MBF in mice. METHODS Quantitative perfusion MRI in mice was performed using both methods at rest, with a vasodilator, and one day after myocardial infarction. Image quality (score of 1-5; 5 best), between-session coefficient of variability (CVbs ), intra-user coefficient of variability (CVintra-user ), and inter-user coefficient of variability (CVinter-user ) were assessed. Acquisition time was 1-2 min for first-pass MRI and approximately 40 min for ASL. RESULTS Image quality was higher for ASL (3.94 ± 0.09 versus 2.88 ± 0.10; P < 0.05). Infarct zone CVbs was lower with first-pass (17 ± 3% versus 46 ± 9%; P < 0.05). The stress perfusion CVintra-user was lower for ASL (3 ± 1% versus 14 ± 3%; P < 0.05). The stress perfusion CVinter-user was lower for ASL (4 ± 1% versus 17 ± 4%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For low MBF conditions such as infarct, first-pass MRI is preferred due to better repeatability and variability. At high MBF such as at vasodilation, ASL may be more suitable due to superior image quality and lower user variability. First-pass MRI has a substantial speed advantage. Magn Reson Med 75:2394-2405, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Test-retest repeatability of myocardial blood flow and infarct size using ¹¹C-acetate micro-PET imaging in mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1589-600. [PMID: 26142729 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Global and regional responses of absolute myocardial blood flow index (iMBF) are used as surrogate markers to assess response to therapies in coronary artery disease. In this study, we assessed the test-retest repeatability of iMBF imaging, and the accuracy of infarct sizing in mice using (11)C-acetate PET. METHODS (11)C-Acetate cardiac PET images were acquired in healthy controls, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout transgenic mice, and mice after myocardial infarction (MI) to estimate global and regional iMBF, and myocardial infarct size compared to (18)F-FDG PET and ex-vivo histology results. RESULTS Global test-retest iMBF values had good coefficients of repeatability (CR) in healthy mice, eNOS knockout mice and normally perfused regions in MI mice (CR = 1.6, 2.0 and 1.5 mL/min/g, respectively). Infarct size measured on (11)C-acetate iMBF images was also repeatable (CR = 17 %) and showed a good correlation with the infarct sizes found on (18)F-FDG PET and histopathology (r (2) > 0.77; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION (11)C-Acetate micro-PET assessment of iMBF and infarct size is repeatable and suitable for serial investigation of coronary artery disease progression and therapy.
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Prevost VH, Girard OM, Callot V, Cozzone PJ, Duhamel G. Fast imaging strategies for mouse kidney perfusion measurement with pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) at ultra high magnetic field (11.75 tesla). J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin H Prevost
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier M Girard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Callot
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick J Cozzone
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Duhamel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille, France
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Andrews M, Giger ML, Roman BB. Manganese-enhanced MRI detection of impaired calcium regulation in a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:255-263. [PMID: 25523065 PMCID: PMC4451202 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use manganese (Mn)-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to detect changes in calcium handling associated with cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model, and to determine whether the impact of creatine kinase ablation is detectable using this method. Male C57BL/6 (C57, n = 11) and male creatine kinase double-knockout (CK-M/Mito(-/-) , DBKO, n = 12) mice were imaged using the saturation recovery Look-Locker T1 mapping sequence before and after the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was induced via subcutaneous continuous 3-day infusion of isoproterenol, and sham mice not subjected to cardiac hypertrophy were also imaged. During each scan, the contrast agent Mn was administered and the resulting change in R1 (=1/T1) was calculated. Two anatomical regions of interest (ROIs) were considered, the left-ventricular free wall (LVFW) and the septum, and one ROI in an Mn-containing standard placed next to the mouse. We found statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the uptake of Mn in both the LVFW and septum following the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. No statistically significant decreases were detected in the standard, and no statistically significant differences were found among the sham mice. Using a murine model, we successfully demonstrated that changes in Mn uptake as a result of cardiac hypertrophy are detectable using the functional contrast agent and calcium mimetic Mn. Our measurements showed a decrease in the relaxivity (R1) of the myocardium following cardiac hypertrophy compared with normal control mice.
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Ramasawmy R, Campbell-Washburn AE, Wells JA, Johnson SP, Pedley RB, Walker-Samuel S, Lythgoe MF. Hepatic arterial spin labelling MRI: an initial evaluation in mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:272-80. [PMID: 25522098 PMCID: PMC4670473 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies to combat hepatic disease and augment tissue regeneration has created a need for methods to assess regional liver function. Liver perfusion imaging has the potential to fulfil this need, across a range of hepatic diseases, alongside the assessment of therapeutic response. In this study, the feasibility of hepatic arterial spin labelling (HASL) was assessed for the first time in mice at 9.4 T, its variability and repeatability were evaluated, and it was applied to a model of colorectal liver metastasis. Data were acquired using flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery-arterial spin labelling (FAIR-ASL) with a Look-Locker readout, and analysed using retrospective respiratory gating and a T1 -based quantification. This study shows that preclinical HASL is feasible and exhibits good repeatability and reproducibility. Mean estimated liver perfusion was 2.2 ± 0.8 mL/g/min (mean ± standard error, n = 10), which agrees well with previous measurements using invasive approaches. Estimates of the variation gave a within-session coefficient of variation (CVWS) of 7%, a between-session coefficient of variation (CVBS) of 9% and a between-animal coefficient of variation (CVA) of 15%. The within-session Bland-Altman repeatability coefficient (RCWS) was 18% and the between-session repeatability coefficient (RCBS) was 29%. Finally, the HASL method was applied to a mouse model of liver metastasis, in which significantly lower mean perfusion (1.1 ± 0.5 mL/g/min, n = 6) was measured within the tumours, as seen by fluorescence histology. These data indicate that precise and accurate liver perfusion estimates can be achieved using ASL techniques, and provide a platform for future studies investigating hepatic perfusion in mouse models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramasawmy
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingPaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
- UCL Cancer InstitutePaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | | | - J A Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingPaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - S P Johnson
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingPaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
- UCL Cancer InstitutePaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - R B Pedley
- UCL Cancer InstitutePaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - S Walker-Samuel
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingPaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - M F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingPaul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
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Mlih M, Host L, Martin S, Niederhoffer N, Monassier L, Terrand J, Messaddeq N, Radke M, Gotthardt M, Bruban V, Kober F, Bernard M, Canet-Soulas E, Abt-Jijon F, Boucher P, Matz RL. The Src homology and collagen A (ShcA) adaptor protein is required for the spatial organization of the costamere/Z-disk network during heart development. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2419-30. [PMID: 25488665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology and collagen A (ShcA) is an adaptor protein that binds to tyrosine kinase receptors. Its germ line deletion is embryonic lethal with abnormal cardiovascular system formation, and its role in cardiovascular development is unknown. To investigate its functional role in cardiovascular development in mice, ShcA was deleted in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells by crossing ShcA flox mice with SM22a-Cre transgenic mice. Conditional mutant mice developed signs of severe dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarctions, and premature death. No evidence of a vascular contribution to the phenotype was observed. Histological analysis of the heart revealed aberrant sarcomeric Z-disk and M-band structures, and misalignments of T-tubules with Z-disks. We find that not only the ErbB3/Neuregulin signaling pathway but also the baroreceptor reflex response, which have been functionally associated, are altered in the mutant mice. We further demonstrate that ShcA interacts with Caveolin-1 and the costameric protein plasma membrane Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent ATPase (PMCA), and that its deletion leads to abnormal dystrophin signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ShcA interacts with crucial proteins and pathways that link Z-disk and costamere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mlih
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Lionel Host
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Niederhoffer
- the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department, EA 7296, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Department, EA 7296, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- the IGBMC, INSERM U964 CNRS UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Michael Radke
- the Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany, the DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- the Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany, the DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Bruban
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Frank Kober
- the CRMBM, CNRS, UMR 7339, University of Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France, and
| | - Monique Bernard
- the CRMBM, CNRS, UMR 7339, University of Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France, and
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- the CREATIS-LRMN, CNRS, UMR 5220, U630 INSERM, 69621 Villeurbanne, Lyon-1 University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Philippe Boucher
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France,
| | - Rachel L Matz
- From the CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France,
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Gutjahr FT, Kampf T, Winter P, Meyer CB, Williams T, Jakob PM, Bauer WR, Ziener CH, Helluy X. Quantification of perfusion in murine myocardium: A retrospectively triggered T1 -based ASL method using model-based reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1705-15. [PMID: 25446550 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A method for the quantification of perfusion in murine myocardium is demonstrated. The method allows for the reconstruction of perfusion maps on arbitrary time points in the heart cycle while addressing problems that arise due to the irregular heart beat of mice. METHODS A flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery arterial spin labeling method using an untriggered FLASH-read out with random sampling is used. Look-Locker conditions are strictly maintained. No dummy pulses or mechanism to reduce deviation from Look-Locker conditions are needed. Electrocardiogram and respiratory data are recorded for retrospective gating and triggering. A model-based technique is used to reconstruct missing k-space data to cope with the undersampling inherent in retrospectively gated methods. Acquisition and reconstruction were validated numerically and in phantom measurements before in vivo experimentation. RESULTS Quantitative perfusion maps were acquired within a single slice measurement time of 11 min. Perfusion values are in good accordance to literature values. Myocardial infarction could be clearly visualized and results were confirmed with histological results. CONCLUSION The proposed method is capable of producing quantitative perfusion maps on arbitrary positions in the heart cycle within a short measurement time. The method is robust against irregular breathing patterns and heart rate changes and can be implemented on all scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian T Gutjahr
- Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Core Facility Imaging, Straubmühlweg 2a, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kampf
- Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Winter
- Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cord B Meyer
- Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Williams
- Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter M Jakob
- Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Bauer
- Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Ziener
- German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Jiang K, Li W, Li W, Jiao S, Castel L, Van Wagoner DR, Yu X. Rapid multislice T1 mapping of mouse myocardium: Application to quantification of manganese uptake in α-Dystrobrevin knockout mice. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1370-9. [PMID: 25408542 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, multislice cardiac T1 mapping method in mice and to apply the method to quantify manganese (Mn(2+)) uptake in a mouse model with altered Ca(2+) channel activity. METHODS An electrocardiography-triggered multislice saturation-recovery Look-Locker method was developed and validated both in vitro and in vivo. A two-dose study was performed to investigate the kinetics of T1 shortening, Mn(2+) relaxivity in myocardium, and the impact of Mn(2+) on cardiac function. The sensitivity of Mn(2+)-enhanced MRI in detecting subtle changes in altered Ca(2+) channel activity was evaluated in a mouse model with α-dystrobrevin knockout. RESULTS Validation studies showed strong agreement between the current method and an established method. High Mn(2+) dose led to significantly accelerated T1 shortening. Heart rate decreased during Mn(2+) infusion, while ejection ratio increased slightly at the end of imaging protocol. No statistical difference in cardiac function was detected between the two dose groups. Mice with α-dystrobrevin knockout showed enhanced Mn(2+) uptake in vivo. In vitro patch-clamp study showed increased Ca(2+) channel activity. CONCLUSION The saturation recovery method provides rapid T1 mapping in mouse hearts, which allowed sensitive detection of subtle changes in Mn(2+) uptake in α-dystrobrevin knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sen Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laurie Castel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Naresh NK, Chen X, Roy RJ, Antkowiak PF, Annex BH, Epstein FH. Accelerated dual-contrast first-pass perfusion MRI of the mouse heart: development and application to diet-induced obese mice. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1237-45. [PMID: 24760707 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene-modified mice may be used to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal myocardial blow flow (MBF). We sought to develop a quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging technique for mice and to test the hypothesis that myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) is reduced in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS A dual-contrast saturation-recovery sequence with ky -t undersampling and a motion-compensated compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm was developed for first-pass MRI on a small-bore 7 Tesla system. Control mice were imaged at rest and with the vasodilators ATL313 and Regadenoson (n = 6 each). In addition, we imaged mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. RESULTS In control mice, MBF was 5.7 ± 0.8 mL/g/min at rest and it increased to 11.8 ± 0.6 mL/g/min with ATL313 and to 10.4 ± 0.3 mL/g/min with Regadenoson. In HFD mice, we detected normal resting MBF (5.6 ± 0.4 versus 5.0 ± 0.3 on control diet), low MBF at stress (7.7 ± 0.4 versus 10.4 ± 0.3 on control diet, P < 0.05), and reduced MPR (1.4 ± 0.2 versus 2.0 ± 0.3 on control diet, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Accelerated dual-contrast first-pass MRI with motion-compensated compressed sensing provides spatiotemporal resolution suitable for measuring MBF in free-breathing mice, and detected reduced MPR in DIO mice. These techniques may be used to study molecular mechanisms that underlie abnormal myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Grabmaier U, Theiss HD, Keithahn A, Kreiner J, Brenner C, Huber B, von der Helm C, Gross L, Klingel K, Franz WM, Brunner S. The role of 1.5 tesla MRI and anesthetic regimen concerning cardiac analysis in mice with cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94615. [PMID: 24747816 PMCID: PMC3991627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of left ventricular function in rodent models is essential for the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches for cardiac diseases. In our study, we provide new insights regarding the role of a 1.5 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device and different anesthetic regimens on data validity. As dedicated small animal MRI and echocardiographic devices are not broadly available, we evaluated whether monitoring cardiac function in small rodents with a clinical 1.5 T MRI device is feasible. On a clinical electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronized 1.5 T MRI scanner we therefore studied cardiac function parameters of mice with chronic virus-induced cardiomyopathy. Thus, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) could be verified compared to healthy controls. However, our results showed a high variability. First, anesthesia with medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl (MMF) led to depressed cardiac function parameters and more variability than isoflurane gas inhalation anesthesia, especially at high concentrations. Furthermore, calculation of an average ejection fraction value from sequenced scans significantly reduced the variance of the results. To sum up, we introduce the clinical 1.5 T MRI device as a new tool for effective analysis of left ventricular function in mice with cardiomyopathy. Besides, we suggest isoflurane gas inhalation anesthesia at high concentrations for variance reduction and recommend calculation of an average ejection fraction value from multiple sequenced MRI scans to provide valid data and a solid basis for further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Grabmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans D. Theiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Keithahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Kreiner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang-M. Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Troalen T, Capron T, Bernard M, Kober F. In vivo characterization of rodent cyclic myocardial perfusion variation at rest and during adenosine-induced stress using cine-ASL cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014; 16:18. [PMID: 24548535 PMCID: PMC3937054 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of cyclic myocardial blood flow (MBF) variations can be an interesting addition to the characterization of microvascular function and its alterations. To date, totally non-invasive in vivo methods with this capability are still lacking. As an original technique, a cine arterial spin labeling (ASL) cardiovascular magnetic resonance approach is demonstrated to be able to produce dynamic MBF maps across the cardiac cycle in rats. METHOD High-resolution MBF maps in left ventricular myocardium were computed from steady-state perfusion-dependent gradient-echo cine images produced by the cine-ASL sequence. Cyclic changes of MBF over the entire cardiac cycle in seven normal rats were analyzed quantitatively every 6 ms at rest and during adenosine-induced stress. RESULTS The study showed a significant MBF increase from end-systole (ES) to end-diastole (ED) in both physiological states. Mean MBF over the cardiac cycle within the group was 5.5 ± 0.6 mL g(-1) min(-1) at rest (MBFMin = 4.7 ± 0.8 at ES and MBFMax = 6.5 ± 0.6 mL g(-1) min(-1) at ED, P = 0.0007). Mean MBF during adenosine-induced stress was 12.8 ± 0.7mL g(-1) min(-1) (MBFMin = 11.7±1.0 at ES and MBFMax = 14.2 ± 0.7 mL g(-1) min(-1) at ED, P = 0.0007). MBF percentage relative variations were significantly different with 27.2 ± 9.3% at rest and 17.8 ± 7.1% during adenosine stress (P = 0.014). The dynamic analysis also showed a time shift of peak MBF within the cardiac cycle during stress. CONCLUSION The cyclic change of myocardial perfusion was examined by mapping MBF with a steady-pulsed ASL approach. Dynamic MBF maps were obtained with high spatial and temporal resolution (6 ms) demonstrating the feasibility of non-invasively mapping cyclic myocardial perfusion variation at rest and during adenosine stress. In a pathological context, detailed assessment of coronary responses to infused vasodilators may give valuable complementary information on microvascular functional defects in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Troalen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Thibaut Capron
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR 7339, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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van Nierop BJ, Coolen BF, Bax NA, Dijk WJR, van Deel ED, Duncker DJ, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Myocardial perfusion MRI shows impaired perfusion of the mouse hypertrophic left ventricle. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 30:619-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang H, Ye Q, Zheng J, Schelbert EB, Hitchens TK, Ho C. Improve myocardial T1 measurement in rats with a new regression model: application to myocardial infarction and beyond. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:737-48. [PMID: 24142881 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve myocardial and blood T1 measurements with a multi-variable T1 fitting model specifically modified for a segmented multi-shot FLASH sequence. METHODS The proposed method was first evaluated in a series of phantoms simulating realistic tissues, and then in healthy rats (n = 8) and rats with acute myocardial infarction (MI) induced by coronary artery ligation (n = 8). RESULTS By taking into account the saturation effect caused by sampling α-train pulses, and the longitudinal magnetization recovery between readouts, our model provided more accurate T1 estimate than the conventional three-parameter fit in phantoms under realistic gating procedures (error of -0.42 ± 1.73% versus -3.40 ± 1.46%, respectively, when using the measured inversion efficiency, β). The baseline myocardial T1 values in healthy rats was 1636.3 ± 23.4 ms at 7 Tesla. One day postligation, the T1 values in the remote and proximal myocardial areas were 1637.5 ± 62.6 ms and 1740.3 ± 70.5 ms, respectively. In rats with acute MI, regional differences in myocardial T1 values were observed both before and after the administration of gadolinium. CONCLUSION The proposed method has improved T1 estimate as validated in phantoms and could advance applications in rodents using quantitative myocardial T1 mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosen Zhang
- Pittsburgh NMR Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Biological Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jogiya R, Makowski M, Phinikaridou A, Patel AS, Jansen C, Zarinabad N, Chiribiri A, Botnar R, Nagel E, Kozerke S, Plein S. Hyperemic stress myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance in mice at 3 Tesla: initial experience and validation against microspheres. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:62. [PMID: 23870734 PMCID: PMC3750232 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic first pass contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion is the standard CMR method for the estimation of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and MBF reserve in man, but it is challenging in rodents because of the high temporal and spatial resolution requirements. Hyperemic first pass myocardial perfusion CMR during vasodilator stress in mice has not been reported. METHODS Five C57BL/6 J mice were scanned on a clinical 3.0 Tesla Achieva system (Philips Healthcare, Netherlands). Vasodilator stress was induced via a tail vein catheter with an injection of dipyridamole. Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging (Gadobutrol 0.1 mmol/kg) was based on a saturation recovery spoiled gradient echo method with 10-fold k-space and time domain undersampling (k-t PCA). One week later the mice underwent repeat anaesthesia and LV injections of fluorescent microspheres at rest and at stress. Microspheres were analysed using confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS Mean MBF at rest measured by Fermi-function constrained deconvolution was 4.1 ± 0.5 ml/g/min and increased to 9.6 ± 2.5 ml/g/min during dipyridamole stress (P = 0.005). The myocardial perfusion reserve was 2.4 ± 0.54. The mean count ratio of stress to rest microspheres was 2.4 ± 0.51 using confocal microscopy and 2.6 ± 0.46 using fluorescence. There was good agreement between cardiovascular magnetic resonance CMR and microspheres with no significant difference (P = 0.84). CONCLUSION First-pass myocardial stress perfusion CMR in a mouse model is feasible at 3 Tesla. Rest and stress MBF values were consistent with existing literature and perfusion reserve correlated closely to microsphere analysis. Data were acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner using an approach similar to clinical acquisition protocols, potentially facilitating translation of imaging findings between rodent and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Jogiya
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Markus Makowski
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Alkystsis Phinikaridou
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Ashish S Patel
- Academic Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Excellence, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Christian Jansen
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Niloufar Zarinabad
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Rene Botnar
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Eike Nagel
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Plein
- King’s College London BHF Centre of Excellence, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Welcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre & Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Kampf T, Helluy X, Gutjahr FT, Winter P, Meyer CB, Jakob PM, Bauer WR, Ziener CH. Myocardial perfusion quantification using the T
1
-based FAIR-ASL method: The influence of heart anatomy, cardiopulmonary blood flow and look-locker readout. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1784-97. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kampf
- Universität Würzburg; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5 Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Universität Würzburg; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5 Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Fabian T. Gutjahr
- Universität Würzburg; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5 Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Patrick Winter
- Universität Würzburg; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5 Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Cord B. Meyer
- Universität Würzburg; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5 Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Peter M. Jakob
- Universität Würzburg; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik 5 Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang R. Bauer
- Universität Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I; Oberdürrbacher Straße 6 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christian H. Ziener
- German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 Heidelberg Germany
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46
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Noninvasive imaging of myocardial blood flow recovery in response to stem cell intervention. Methods Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 23640256 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2013_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The recovery of myocardial blood flow is a major indicator of the effectiveness of cell-based therapies for ischemic heart diseases including myocardial infarction. Blood flow (also called perfusion) of the heart muscle can be noninvasively measured via imaging methods such as ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we describe an MRI technique, namely, spin labeling, to measure the volumetric blood flow (mL/min/g) in the heart. Specifically, we demonstrate how impaired blood flow in the infarcted region of the heart was recovered transiently (≥ 2 weeks) after the injection of endothelial progenitor cells.
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47
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Duhamel G, Prevost V, Girard OM, Callot V, Cozzone PJ. High-resolution mouse kidney perfusion imaging by pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling at 11.75T. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1186-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Duhamel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS; CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385; Marseille France
| | - Valentin Prevost
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS; CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385; Marseille France
| | - Olivier M. Girard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS; CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385; Marseille France
| | - Virginie Callot
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS; CRMBM UMR 7339, 13385; Marseille France
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Abstract
RATIONALE The spatial distribution of blood flow in the hearts of genetically modified mice is a phenotype of interest because derangements in blood flow may precede detectable changes in organ function. However, quantifying the regional distribution of blood flow within organs of mice is challenging because of the small organ volume and the high resolution required to observe spatial differences in flow. Traditional microsphere methods in which the numbers of microspheres per region are indirectly estimated from radioactive counts or extracted fluorescence have been limited to larger organs for 2 reasons; to ensure statistical confidence in the measured flow per region and to be able to physically dissect the organ to acquire spatial information. OBJECTIVE To develop methods to quantify and statistically compare the spatial distribution of blood flow within organs of mice. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed and validated statistical methods to compare blood flow between regions and with the same regions over time using 15-µm fluorescent microspheres. We then tested this approach by injecting fluorescent microspheres into isolated perfused mice hearts, determining the spatial location of every microsphere in the hearts, and then visualizing regional flow patterns. We demonstrated application of these statistical and visualizing methods in a coronary artery ligation model in mice. CONCLUSIONS These new methods provide tools to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in blood flow within organs of mice at a much higher spatial resolution than currently available by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Krueger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Box 356522, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Troalen T, Capron T, Cozzone PJ, Bernard M, Kober F. Cine-ASL: A steady-pulsed arterial spin labeling method for myocardial perfusion mapping in mice. Part I. Experimental study. Magn Reson Med 2013; 70:1389-98. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Troalen
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM); UMR CNRS N°7339, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Thibaut Capron
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM); UMR CNRS N°7339, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Patrick J. Cozzone
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM); UMR CNRS N°7339, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM); UMR CNRS N°7339, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
| | - Frank Kober
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM); UMR CNRS N°7339, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université; Marseille France
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Campbell‐Washburn AE, Zhang H, Siow BM, Price AN, Lythgoe MF, Ordidge RJ, Thomas DL. Multislice cardiac arterial spin labeling using improved myocardial perfusion quantification with simultaneously measured blood pool input function. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:1125-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E. Campbell‐Washburn
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of Medicine and Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- Department of Medical Physics and BioengineeringUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Hui Zhang
- Centre for Medical Image ComputingDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Bernard M. Siow
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of Medicine and Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
- Centre for Medical Image ComputingDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Anthony N. Price
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College LondonKing's Health PartnersSt. Thomas' HospitalLondonUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of Medicine and Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Roger J. Ordidge
- Centre for NeuroscienceUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - David L. Thomas
- Department of Brain Repair and RehabilitationUniversity College LondonInstitute of NeurologyQueen SquareLondonUK
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