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Liu C, Li Z, Chen Z, Zhao B, Zheng Z, Song X. Highly-accelerated CEST MRI using frequency-offset-dependent k-space sampling and deep-learning reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:688-701. [PMID: 38623899 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a highly accelerated CEST Z-spectral acquisition method using a specifically-designed k-space sampling pattern and corresponding deep-learning-based reconstruction. METHODS For k-space down-sampling, a customized pattern was proposed for CEST, with the randomized probability following a frequency-offset-dependent (FOD) function in the direction of saturation offset. For reconstruction, the convolution network (CNN) was enhanced with a Partially Separable (PS) function to optimize the spatial domain and frequency domain separately. Retrospective experiments on a self-acquired human brain dataset (13 healthy adults and 15 brain tumor patients) were conducted using k-space resampling. The prospective performance was also assessed on six healthy subjects. RESULTS In retrospective experiments, the combination of FOD sampling and PS network (FOD + PSN) showed the best quantitative metrics for reconstruction, outperforming three other combinations of conventional sampling with varying density and a regular CNN (nMSE and SSIM, p < 0.001 for healthy subjects). Across all acceleration factors from 4 to 14, the FOD + PSN approach consistently outperformed the comparative methods in four contrast maps including MTRasym, MTRrex, as well as the Lorentzian Difference maps of amide and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). In the subspace replacement experiment, the error distribution demonstrated the denoising benefits achieved in the spatial subspace. Finally, our prospective results obtained from healthy adults and brain tumor patients (14×) exhibited the initial feasibility of our method, albeit with less accurate reconstruction than retrospective ones. CONCLUSION The combination of FOD sampling and PSN reconstruction enabled highly accelerated CEST MRI acquisition, which may facilitate CEST metabolic MRI for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Liu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongsen Li
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhensen Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Benqi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuozhao Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Tokunaga C, Wada T, Togao O, Kobayashi K, Kato T. Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging with a short acquisition time based on a self B0 correction using the turbo spin echo-Dixon method: A phantom study. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 110:69-77. [PMID: 38614223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted imaging requires a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) sequence with multiple saturation frequency offsets and a B0 correction sequence, plus a long acquisition time that can be reduced by applying the conventional method using CEST images with seven radiation pulses (i.e., the seven-points method). For a further reduction of acquisition times, we propose fast two-dimensional (2D) APT-weighted imaging based on a self B0 correction using the turbo spin echo (TSE)-Dixon method. We conducted a phantom study to investigate the accuracy of TSE-Dixon APT-weighted imaging. METHODS We prepared two types of phantoms with six samples for a concentrationdependent evaluation and a pH-dependent evaluation. APT-weighted images were acquired by the conventional, seven-points, and TSE-Dixon methods. Linear regression analyses assessed the dependence between each method's APT signal intensities (SIs) and the concentration or pH. We performed a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's honestly significant difference post hoc test to compare the APT SIs among the three methods. The agreement of the APT SIs between the conventional and seven-points or TSE-Dixon methods was assessed by a Bland- Altman plot analysis. RESULTS The APT SIs of all three acquisition methods showed positive concentration dependence and pH dependence. No significant differences were observed in the APT SIs between the conventional and TSE-Dixon methods at each concentration. The Bland-Altman plot analyses showed that the APT SIs measured with the seven-points method resulted in 0.42% bias and narrow 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (0.93%-0.09%) compared to the conventional method. The APT SIs measured using the TSE-Dixon method showed 0.14% bias and similar 95% LOA (-0.33% to 0.61%) compared with the seven-points method. The APT SIs of all three methods showed positive pH dependence. At each pH, no significant differences in the APT SIs were observed among the methods. Bland-Altman plot analyses showed that the APT SIs measured with the seven-points method resulted in low bias (0.03%) and narrow 95% LOA (-0.30% to 0.36%) compared to the conventional method. The APT SIs measured by the TSE-Dixon method showed slightly larger bias (0.29%) and similar 95% LOA (from -0.15% to 0.72%) compared to those measured by the seven-points method. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that our proposed method has the same concentration dependence and pH dependence as the conventional method and the seven-points method. We thus expect that APT-weighted imaging with less influence of motion can be obtained in clinical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Tokunaga
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Wada
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobayashi
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Kato
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Wang K, Ju L, Song Y, Blair L, Xie K, Liu C, Li AM, Zhu D, Xu F, Liu G, Heo HY, Yadav NN, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Qin Q, Kamson DO, Xu J. Whole-cerebrum guanidino and amide CEST mapping at 3 T by a 3D stack-of-spirals gradient echo acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38748853 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D, high-sensitivity CEST mapping technique based on the 3D stack-of-spirals (SOS) gradient echo readout, the proposed approach was compared with conventional acquisition techniques and evaluated for its efficacy in concurrently mapping of guanidino (Guan) and amide CEST in human brain at 3 T, leveraging the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting (PLOF) method. METHODS Saturation time and recovery delay were optimized to achieve maximum CEST time efficiency. The 3DSOS method was compared with segmented 3D EPI (3DEPI), turbo spin echo, and gradient- and spin-echo techniques. Image quality, temporal SNR (tSNR), and test-retest reliability were assessed. Maps of Guan and amide CEST derived from 3DSOS were demonstrated on a low-grade glioma patient. RESULTS The optimized recovery delay/saturation time was determined to be 1.4/2 s for Guan and amide CEST. In addition to nearly doubling the slice number, the gradient echo techniques also outperformed spin echo sequences in tSNR: 3DEPI (193.8 ± 6.6), 3DSOS (173.9 ± 5.6), and GRASE (141.0 ± 2.7). 3DSOS, compared with 3DEPI, demonstrated comparable GuanCEST signal in gray matter (GM) (3DSOS: [2.14%-2.59%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.15%-2.61%]), and white matter (WM) (3DSOS: [1.49%-2.11%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.64%-2.09%]). 3DSOS also achieves significantly higher amideCEST in both GM (3DSOS: [2.29%-3.00%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.06%-2.92%]) and WM (3DSOS: [2.23%-2.66%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.95%-2.57%]). 3DSOS outperforms 3DEPI in terms of scan-rescan reliability (correlation coefficient: 3DSOS: 0.58-0.96 vs. 3DEPI: -0.02 to 0.75) and robustness to motion as well. CONCLUSION The 3DSOS CEST technique shows promise for whole-cerebrum CEST imaging, offering uniform contrast and robustness against motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Licheng Ju
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Blair
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Xie
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Liu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna M Li
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirbhay Narayan Yadav
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Olayinka Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sheng L, Yuan E, Yuan F, Song B. Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging of the abdomen: Current progress and future directions. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 107:88-99. [PMID: 38242255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The chemical exchange saturation transfer technique serves as a valuable tool for generating in vivo image contrast based on the content of various proton groups, including amide protons, amine protons, and aliphatic protons. Among these, amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging has seen extensive development as a means to assess the biochemical status of lesions. The exchange from saturated amide protons to bulk water protons during and following the saturation ratio frequency pulse contributes to detectable APT signals. While APTw imaging has garnered significant attention in the central nervous system, demonstrating noteworthy findings in cerebral neoplasia, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease over the past decade, its application in the abdomen has been a relatively recent progression. Notably, studies have explored its utility in hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and cervical carcinoma within the abdominal context. Despite these advancements, there is a paucity of reviews on APTw imaging in abdominal applications. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a concise overview of the fundamental theories underpinning APTw imaging. Additionally, we systematically summarize its diverse clinical applications in the abdomen, with a particular focus on the digestive and urogenital systems. Finally, the manuscript concludes by discussing technical limitations and factors influencing APTw imaging in abdominal applications, along with prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuji Sheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Enyu Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China.
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Xiao G, Zhang X, Tang H, Huang W, Chen Y, Zhuang C, Chen B, Yang L, Chen Y, Yan G, Wu R. Deep learning for dense Z-spectra reconstruction from CEST images at sparse frequency offsets. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1323131. [PMID: 38249588 PMCID: PMC10796656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1323131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A direct way to reduce scan time for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to reduce the number of CEST images acquired in experiments. In some scenarios, a sufficient number of CEST images acquired in experiments was needed to estimate parameters for quantitative analysis, and this prolonged the scan time. For that, we aim to develop a general deep-learning framework to reconstruct dense CEST Z-spectra from experimentally acquired images at sparse frequency offsets so as to reduce the number of experimentally acquired CEST images and achieve scan time reduction. The main innovation works are outlined as follows: (1) a general sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) framework is proposed to reconstruct dense CEST Z-spectra from experimentally acquired images at sparse frequency offsets; (2) we create a training set from wide-ranging simulated Z-spectra instead of experimentally acquired CEST data, overcoming the limitation of the time and labor consumption in manual annotation; (3) a new seq2seq network that is capable of utilizing information from both short-range and long-range is developed to improve reconstruction ability. One of our intentions is to establish a simple and efficient framework, i.e., traditional seq2seq can solve the reconstruction task and obtain satisfactory results. In addition, we propose a new seq2seq network that includes the short- and long-range ability to boost dense CEST Z-spectra reconstruction. The experimental results demonstrate that the considered seq2seq models can accurately reconstruct dense CEST images from experimentally acquired images at 11 frequency offsets so as to reduce the scan time by at least 2/3, and our new seq2seq network contributes to competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hanjing Tang
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Weipeng Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Yaowen Chen
- College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Caiyu Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Gen Yan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Li S, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wang W, Lu H, Lin L, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Added-value of 3D amide proton transfer MRI in assessing prognostic factors of cervical cancer: a comparative study with multiple model diffusion-weighted imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:8157-8172. [PMID: 38106243 PMCID: PMC10722001 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging has been gradually applied to cervical cancer, yet the relationships between APT and multiple model diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have yet to be investigated. This study attempted to evaluate the added value of 3-dimensional (3D) APT imaging to multiple model DWI for assessing prognostic factors of cervical cancer. Methods This prospective diagnostic study was conducted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. A total of 88 consecutive patients with cervical cancer underwent APT imaging and DWI with 11 b-values (0-2,000 s/mm2). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure molecular diffusion (D), perfusion fraction (f), pseudo-diffusion (D*), mean kurtosis (MK), and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated based on mono-exponential, bi-exponential, and kurtosis models. The mean, minimum, and maximum values of APT signal intensity (APT SI) and DWI-derived metrics were compared based on tumor stages, subtypes, grades, and lymphovascular space invasion status by Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the parameters. Results APT SImax, APT SImin, MKmean, and MKmax showed significant differences between adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (all P<0.05). APT SImean, APT SImax, and MKmax were higher and ADCmin, Dmean, Dmin, and MDmin were lower in the high-grade tumor than in low-grade tumor (all P<0.05). For distinguishing lymphovascular space invasion, only MKmean showed significant difference (P=0.010). APT SImax [odds ratio (OR) =2.347, P=0.029], APT SImin (OR =0.352; P=0.024), and MKmean (OR =6.523; P=0.001) were the independent predictors for tumor subtype, and APT SImax (OR =2.885; P=0.044), MDmin (OR =0.155, P=0.012) were the independent predictors for histological grade of cervical cancer. When APT SImin and APT SImax was combined with MKmean and MKmax, the diagnostic performance was significantly improved for differentiating AC and AC [area under the curve (AUC): 0.908, sensitivity: 87.5%; specificity: 83.3%; P<0.001]. The combination of APT SImean, APT SImax, ADCmin, MKmax, and MDmin demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for predicting tumor grade (AUC: 0.903, sensitivity: 78.6%; specificity: 88.9%; P<0.001). Conclusions Addition of APT to DWI may improve the ability to noninvasively predict poor prognostic factors of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Li
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zanxia Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Advanced Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kim H, Park S, Hu R, Hoang KB, Sun PZ. 3D CEST MRI with an unevenly segmented RF irradiation scheme: A feasibility study in brain tumor imaging. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2400-2410. [PMID: 37526017 PMCID: PMC10586718 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To integrate 3D CEST EPI with an unevenly segmented RF irradiation module and preliminarily demonstrate it in the clinical setting. METHODS A CEST MRI with unevenly segmented RF saturation was implemented, including a long primary RF saturation to induce the steady-state CEST effect, maintained with repetitive short secondary RF irradiation between readouts. This configuration reduces relaxation-induced blur artifacts during acquisition, allowing fast 3D spatial coverage. Numerical simulations were performed to select parameters such as flip angle (FA), short RF saturation duration (Ts2), and the number of readout segments. The sequence was validated experimentally with data from a phantom, healthy volunteers, and a brain tumor patient. RESULTS Based on the numerical simulation and l-carnosine gel phantom experiment, FA, Ts2, and the number of segments were set to 20°, 0.3 s, and the range from 4 to 8, respectively. The proposed method minimized signal modulation in the human brain images in the kz direction during the acquisition and provided the blur artifacts-free CEST contrast over the whole volume. Additionally, the CEST contrast in the tumor tissue region is higher than in the contralateral normal tissue region. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to implement a highly accelerated 3D EPI CEST imaging with unevenly segmented RF irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahnsung Kim
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Suhyung Park
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, South Korea
- Department of ICT Convergence System Engineering, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Ranliang Hu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Kimberly B Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
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Igarashi T, Kim H, Sun PZ. Detection of tissue pH with quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4711. [PMID: 35141979 PMCID: PMC10249910 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a novel means for sensitive detection of dilute labile protons and chemical exchange rates. By sensitizing to pH-dependent chemical exchange, CEST MRI has shown promising results in monitoring tissue statuses such as pH changes in disorders like acute stroke, tumor, and acute kidney injury. This article briefly reviews the basic principles for CEST imaging and quantitative measures, from the simplistic asymmetry analysis to multipool Lorentzian decoupling and quasi-steady-state reconstruction. In particular, the advantages and limitations of commonly used quantitative approaches for CEST applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Igarashi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Hahnsung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Zhang Y, Zu T, Liu R, Zhou J. Acquisition sequences and reconstruction methods for fast chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4699. [PMID: 35067987 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is an emerging molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has been developed and employed in numerous diseases. Based on the unique saturation transfer principle, a family of CEST-detectable biomolecules in vivo have been found capable of providing valuable diagnostic information. However, CEST MRI needs a relatively long scan time due to the common long saturation labeling module and typical acquisition of multiple frequency offsets and signal averages, limiting its widespread clinical applications. So far, a plethora of imaging schemes and techniques has been developed to accelerate CEST MRI. In this review, the key acquisition and reconstruction methods for fast CEST imaging are summarized from a practical and systematic point of view. The first acquisition sequence section describes the major development of saturation schemes, readout patterns, ultrafast z-spectroscopy, and saturation-editing techniques for rapid CEST imaging. The second reconstruction method section lists the important advances of parallel imaging, compressed sensing, sparsity in the z-spectrum, and algorithms beyond the Fourier transform for speeding up CEST MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Qian Z, Liu R, Wu Z, Hsu YC, Fu C, Sun Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Saturation-prolongated and inhomogeneity-mitigated chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with parallel transmission. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4689. [PMID: 34994025 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging benefits from a longer saturation duration and a higher saturation duty cycle. Dielectric shading effects occur when the radiofrequency (RF) wavelength approaches the object size. Here, we proposed a simultaneous parallel transmission-based CEST (pTx-CEST) sequence to prolongate the saturation duration at a 100% duty cycle and improve the RF saturation homogeneity in CEST imaging. The simultaneous pTx-CEST sequence was implemented by switching the CEST saturation module from the non-pTx to pTx mode, using the pTx functionality with both transmit channels being driven simultaneously (instead of time-interleaved). The optimization of amplitude ratio and phase difference settings between RF channels for best B1 homogeneity was performed in phantoms of two different sizes mimicking the human brain and abdomen. The optimal amplitude and phase settings generating the best B1 homogeneity in the phantoms were used in pTx-CEST scans of the human study. The comparison of the maximum achievable saturation duration between the non-pTx-CEST and pTx-CEST sequences was performed in a protein phantom, healthy volunteers, and a metastatic brain tumor patient. The optimal amplitude ratio and phase difference setting between transmit channels manifested circular and elliptical polarization in the head-sized and abdomen-sized phantoms. In the brain, the maximum saturation durations achieved at a 100% duty cycle using the simultaneous pTx-CEST sequence were prolonged to 2240, 3220, and 4200 ms compared with 980 ms using the non-pTx-CEST sequence at repetition times of 3, 4, and 5 s, respectively. The longer saturation duration helped improve the image contrast between the tumor and the normal tissue in the patient. The optimized elliptical polarization mode saturation pulses yielded improved uniformity of CEST signals acquired from the human abdomen. The proposed simultaneous pTx-CEST sequence enabled essentially arbitrarily long saturation duration at a 100% duty cycle and helped reduce the dielectric shading effects with the optimized RF setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Bie C, van Zijl PCM, Mao D, Yadav NN. Ultrafast Z-spectroscopic imaging in vivo at 3T using through-slice spectral encoding (TS-UFZ). Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1429-1440. [PMID: 36373181 PMCID: PMC9892239 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquisition of high-resolution Z-spectra for CEST or magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) MRI requires excessive scan times. Ultrafast Z-spectroscopy (UFZ) has been proposed to address this; however, the quality of in vivo UFZ spectra has been insufficient. Here, we present a simple approach to improve this. THEORY AND METHODS UFZ imaging acquires full Z-spectra by encoding the spectral dimension spatially via a gradient applied concurrently with the RF saturation pulse. Different from previous implementations, both this saturation gradient and its readout were applied in the slice direction, resulting in a relatively uniform voxel composition. Phase-encoding was applied in both in-plane directions, allowing additional under-sampling and acceleration. RESULTS In phantoms, UFZ imaging with through-slice Z-spectral encoding (TS-UFZ) provided Z-spectra of salicylic acid and egg white in excellent agreement with conventional acquisitions. In vivo brain Z-spectra were influenced by flow through the imaging slice which affected the Z-spectral baseline. Still, CEST signals could be quantified after baseline fitting and mapping the residual CEST signal. Amide proton transfer (APT) contrast intensities obtained by TS-UFZ were on the same order of magnitude as conventional CEST but with different contrast across slice which likely is a result of different tissue regions contributing. CONCLUSION TS-UFZ approach improves signal stability and spectral uniformity over previous implementations and allows high spectral-resolution imaging of saturation transfer effects in the human brain at 3T. This implementation allows for further acceleration by reducing phase encoding steps and thus opens up the possibility of mapping dynamic CEST signals in vivo with a practical temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxue Bie
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD (USA)
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (USA)
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi (China)
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD (USA)
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (USA)
| | - Deng Mao
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD (USA)
- Philips Healthcare, Baltimore, MD (USA)
| | - Nirbhay N. Yadav
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD (USA)
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (USA)
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Three-Dimensional Gradient-Echo-Based Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging of Brain Tumors: Comparison With Two-Dimensional Spin-Echo-Based Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023; 47:00004728-990000000-00139. [PMID: 36790914 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging is reported by 2-dimensional (2D) spin-echo-based sequencing, 3-dimensional (3D) APTw imaging can be obtained by gradient-echo-based sequencing. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of APTw imaging between 2D and 3D imaging in patients with various brain tumors. METHODS A total of 49 patients who had undergone 53 examinations [5 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 16 high-grade gliomas (HGG), 6 malignant lymphomas, 4 metastases, and 22 meningiomas] underwent APTw imaging using 2D and 3D sequences. The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) was assessed by means of region of interest measurements. Pearson correlation was performed to determine the relationship between MTRasym for the 2 methods, and Student's t test to compare MTRasym for LGG and HGG. The diagnostic accuracy to differentiate HGG from LGG of the 2 methods was compared by means of the McNemar test. RESULTS Three-dimensional APTw imaging showed a significant correlation with 2D APTw imaging (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001). The limits of agreement between the 2 methods were -0.021 ± 1.42%. The MTRasym of HGG (2D: 1.97 ± 0.96, 3D: 2.11 ± 0.95) was significantly higher than those of LGG (2D: 0.46 ± 0.89%, P < 0.01; 3D: 0.15 ± 1.09%, P < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of the 2 methods to differentiate HGG from LGG was not significantly different (P = 1). CONCLUSIONS The potential capability of 3D APTw imaging is equal to or greater than that of 2D APTw imaging and is considered at least as valuable in patients with brain tumors.
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Liu R, Wang X, Zhao Z, Wen Q, Liu T, Wu D, Wen Z, Zhang Y. A comparative study of quantitative metrics in chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging for grading gliomas in adults. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 96:50-59. [PMID: 36403863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of different chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) metrics for grading gliomas with semiautomatically defined regions of interest (ROIs). METHODS Thirty-eight adult subjects were included, including 23 high-grade gliomas and 15 low-grade gliomas confirmed by histopathology. The B0-corrected CEST z-spectra were first calculated with magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) analysis at frequency offsets of 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, and 1 ppm to obtain the fit-free metrics and subsequently fitted with three Lorentzian functions denoting direct water saturation (DS), amide proton transfer (APT), and combined semisolid magnetization transfer and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (MT & NOE) effects to derive the fit-based metrics. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to determine if a statistically significant difference was present in the CEST metrics between low- and high-grade gliomas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the differentiation of CEST metrics between low- and high-grade gliomas. Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to evaluate the correlations of CEST metrics. RESULTS For the fit-free metrics, the highest areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.85, 0.88, and 0.88, corresponding to MTRasym, MTRnormref (normalization by the reference scan), and MTRRex (subtraction of inverse z-spectra), respectively, were obtained at 3 ppm across various frequency offsets. In addition, the AUCs generated from the fit-based metrics (0.88-0.90) were higher than those generated from the fit-free metrics at 3 ppm. CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary study indicate that fit-free CEST metrics at 3 ppm are superior to the other frequency offsets for grading human brain gliomas. The fit-based metrics manifested improved differentiation between low- and high-grade gliomas compared to the fit-free CEST metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Evaluation of Brain Tumors Using Amide Proton Transfer Imaging: A Comparison of Normal Amide Proton Transfer Signal With Abnormal Amide Proton Transfer Signal Value. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2023; 47:121-128. [PMID: 36112043 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of amide proton transfer (APT) signal characteristics in brain tumors and uninvolved brain tissue for patients with glioblastoma and those with brain metastases. METHODS Using the mDIXON 3D-APT sequence of the fast spin echo method, an APT image was obtained. The mean APT signal values of tumor core, peritumor edema, ipsilateral normal-appearing white matter (INAWM), and contralateral normal white matter (CNAWM) were obtained and compared between glioblastoma and brain metastases. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate parameters for distinguishing between glioblastoma and brain metastases. In addition, the difference and change rate in APT signal values between tumor core and peritumoral edema (PE) and CNAWM were evaluated, respectively. RESULTS The APT signal values of glioblastoma were the highest in tumor core (3.41% ± 0.49%), followed by PE (2.24% ± 0.29%), INAWM (1.35% ± 0.15%), and CNAWM (1.26% ± 0.12%, P < 0.001). The APT signal value of brain metastases was the highest in tumor core (2.74% ± 0.34%), followed by PE (1.86% ± 0.35%), INAWM (1.17% ± 0.13%), and CNAWM (1.2% ± 0.09%, P < 0.01). The APT change rate (between PE and CNAWM) was not significantly different at 78% and 56% for glioblastoma and brain metastases, respectively ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Performing APT imaging under the same parameters used in this study may aid in the identification of brain tumors.
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Wang K, Park S, Kamson DO, Li Y, Liu G, Xu J. Guanidinium and amide CEST mapping of human brain by high spectral resolution CEST at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:177-191. [PMID: 36063502 PMCID: PMC9617768 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To extract guanidinium (Guan) and amide CEST on the human brain at 3 T MRI with the high spectral resolution (HSR) CEST combined with the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting (PLOF). METHODS Continuous wave (cw) turbo spin-echo (TSE) CEST was implemented to obtain the optimum saturation parameters. Both Guan and amide CEST peaks were extracted and quantified using the PLOF method. The NMR spectra on the egg white phantoms were acquired to reveal the fitting range and the contributions to the amide and GuanCEST. Two types of CEST approaches, including cw gradient- and spin-echo (cwGRASE) and steady state EPI (ssEPI), were implemented to acquire multi-slice HSR-CEST. RESULTS GuanCEST can be extracted with the PLOF method at 3 T, and the optimumB 1 = 0.6 μ T $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1=0.6\kern0.2em \upmu \mathrm{T} $$ was determined for GuanCEST in white matter (WM) and 1.0 μT in gray matter (GM). The optimum B1 = 0.8-1 μT was found for amideCEST. AmideCEST is lower in both WM and GM collected with ssEPI compared to those by cwGRASE (ssEPI = [1.27-1.63]%; cwGRASE = [2.19-2.25]%). The coefficients of variation (COV) of the amide and Guan CEST in both WM and GM for ssEPI (COV: 28.6-33.4%) are significantly higher than those of cwGRASE (COV: 8.6-18.8%). Completely different WM/GM contrasts for Guan and amide CEST were observed between ssEPI and cwGRASE. The amideCEST was found to have originated from the unstructured amide protons as suggested by the NMR spectrum of the unfolded proteins in egg white. CONCLUSION Guan and amide CEST mapping can be achieved by the HSR-CEST at 3 T combing with the PLOF method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sooyeon Park
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Olayinka Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuguo Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hou H, Diao Y, Yu J, Xu M, Wang L, Li Z, Song T, Liu Y, Yuan Z. Differentiation of true progression from treatment response in high-grade glioma treated with chemoradiation: a comparison study of 3D-APTW and 3D-PcASL imaging and DWI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4821. [PMID: 36031734 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess and compare the diagnostic performance of 3D amide proton-transfer-weighted (3D-APTW) imaging, 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling (3D-PcASL) imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging in distinguishing true progression (TP) from treatment response (TR) in posttreatment malignant glioma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight patients with suspected tumor recurrence were prospectively enrolled. Histological or longitudinal routine MRI follow-up over six months was assessed to confirm lesion type. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative APTWmax (rAPTW), and relative CBFmax values (rCBF) were measured in lesions with enhancing regions on post-gadolinium T1 -weighted MRI. MRI parameters between the TP and TR groups were compared using Student's t tests. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the differentiation diagnostic performance of each parameter. RESULTS The TP group showed a significantly higher rAPTW and rCBF than the TR group; the AUCs of rAPTW and rCBF to distinguish between TP and TR were 0.911 (with sensitivity of 90.3% and specificity of 82.4%) and 0.852 (with sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 82.4%), respectively. By adding the rAPTW values to rCBF values, the diagnostic ability was improved from 0.852 to 0.951. ADC showed no significant differences between the TP and TR groups, with an AUC lower than 0.70. CONCLUSION Both 3D-PcASL and 3D-APTW imaging could distinguish TP from TR, and 3D-APTW had a better diagnostic performance. Combining the rAPTW values and rCBF values achieved a better diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yanzhao Diao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinchao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Zhenzhi Li
- Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenguo Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Wada T, Togao O, Tokunaga C, Oga M, Kikuchi K, Yamashita K, Yamamoto H, Yoneyama M, Kobayashi K, Kato T, Ishigami K, Yabuuchi H. Grading of gliomas using 3D CEST imaging with compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding. Eur J Radiol 2023; 158:110654. [PMID: 36528957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging with compressed sensing and sensitivity encoding (CS-SENSE) for differentiating low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs). METHODS We evaluated 28 patients (mean age 51.0 ± 13.9 years, 13 males, 15 females) including 12 with LGGs and 16 with HGGs, all acquired using a 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. Nine slices were acquired for 3D CEST imaging, and one slice was acquired for two-dimensional (2D) CEST imaging. Two radiological technologists each drew a region of interest (ROI) surrounding the high-signal-intensity area(s) on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image of each patient. We compared the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3.5 ppm in the tumors among the (i) single-slice 2D CEST imaging ("2D"), (ii) all tumor slices of the 3D CEST imaging (3Dall), and (iii) a representative tumor slice of 3D CEST imaging (maximum signal intensity [3Dmax]). The relationship between the MTRasym at 3.5 ppm values measured by these three methods and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of the tumors was assessed. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The Ki-67LI and MTRasym at 3.5 ppm values were compared between the LGGs and HGGs. RESULTS A moderate positive correlation between the MTRasym at 3.5 ppm and the Ki-67LI was observed with all three methods. All methods proved a significantly larger MTRasym at 3.5 ppm for the HGGs compared to the LGGs. All methods showed equivalent diagnostic performance. The signal intensity varied depending on the slice position in each case. CONCLUSIONS The 3D CEST imaging provided the MTRasym at 3.5 ppm for each slice cross-section; its diagnostic performance was also equivalent to that of 2D CEST imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Wada
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tokunaga
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oga
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Koji Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kobayashi
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Kato
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Hidetake Yabuuchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
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Jiang S, Guo P, Heo HY, Zhang Y, Wu J, Jin Y, Laterra J, Eberhart CG, Lim M, Blakeley JO. Radiomics analysis of amide proton transfer-weighted and structural MR images for treatment response assessment in malignant gliomas. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4824. [PMID: 36057449 PMCID: PMC10502874 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI radiomic features for the differentiation of tumor recurrence from treatment effect in malignant gliomas. Eighty-six patients who had suspected tumor recurrence after completion of chemoradiation or radiotherapy, and who had APTw-MRI data acquired at 3 T, were retrospectively analyzed. Using a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image-based mask, radiomics analysis was applied to the processed APTw and structural MR images. A chi-square automatic interaction detector decision tree was used for classification analysis. Models with and without APTw features were built using the same strategy. Tenfold cross-validation was applied to obtain the overall classification performance of each model. Sixty patients were confirmed as having tumor recurrence, and the remainder were confirmed as having treatment effect, at median time points of 190 and 171 days after therapy, respectively. There were 525 radiomic features extracted from each of the processed APTw and structural MR images. Based on these, the APTw-based model yielded the highest accuracy (86.0%) for the differentiation of tumor recurrence from treatment effect, compared with 74.4%, 76.7%, 83.7%, and 76.7% for T1 w, T2 w, FLAIR, and Gd-T1 w, respectively. Model classification accuracy was 82.6% when using the combined structural MR images (T1 w, T2 w, FLAIR, Gd-T1 w), and increased to 89.5% when using these structural plus APTw images. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 85.0% and 76.9% for the combination of structural MR images, and 85.0% and 100% after adding APTw image features. Adding APTw-based radiomic features increased MRI accuracy in the assessment of the treatment response in post-treatment malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingpu Wu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuecen Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Jin T, Chung JJ. Average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF) for CEST imaging. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:254-265. [PMID: 35344594 PMCID: PMC9172934 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endogenous CEST signal usually has low specificity due to contamination from the magnetization transfer effect and from fast exchanging labile protons with close Larmor frequencies. We propose to improve CEST signal specificity with an average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF). METHODS ASEF measures the difference between CEST signals acquired with similar average irradiation power but largely different duty cycles (DC), for example, a continuous wave or a high DC pulse train versus a low DC one. Simulation and Cr phantom studies were performed to evaluate the characteristics of ASEF for CEST. RESULTS Theoretical and simulation studies show that ASEF can suppress fast exchanging processes, with only a small loss of chemical exchange contrast for slow-to-intermediate exchange rates if the difference in DC is large. In the RF offset range of 2 to 5 ppm with an averaged saturation power of 0.8 and 1.6 microteslas, there is a mismatch of ∼0.1% to 2% in the magnetization transfer signal between saturation by continuous wave and a pulse train with DC = 15% and pulse duration of 24 ms, respectively. This mismatch can be minimized by careful selection of saturation power, pulse duration, and DC differences or by applying a small fudge factor between the 2 irradiation powers. Phantom studies of Cr confirmed that ASEF can minimize the magnetization transfer effect and reduce sensitivity to fast exchange processes. CONCLUSION ASEF can improve the specificity of slow-to-intermediate exchanging CEST signal with a relatively small loss of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julius Juhyun Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Zhang N, Zhang H, Gao B, Miao Y, Liu A, Song Q, Lin L, Wang J. 3D Amide Proton Transfer Weighted Brain Tumor Imaging With Compressed SENSE: Effects of Different Acceleration Factors. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:876587. [PMID: 35692419 PMCID: PMC9178274 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.876587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the current study was to evaluate the performance of compressed SENSE (CS) for 3D amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) brain tumor imaging with different acceleration factors (AFs), and the results were compared with those of conventional SENSE. Methods Approximately 51 patients with brain tumor (22 males, 49.95 ± 10.52 years) with meningiomas (n = 16), metastases (n = 12), or gliomas (n = 23) were enrolled. All the patients received 3D APTw imaging scans on a 3.0 T scanner with acceleration by CS (AFs: CS2, CS3, CS4, and CS5) and SENSE (AF: S1.6). Two readers independently and subjectively evaluated the APTw images relative to image quality and measured confidence concerning image blur, distortion, motion, and ghosting artifacts, lesion recognition, and contour delineation with a 5-point Likert scale. Mean amide proton transfer (APT) values of brain tumors (APTtumor), the contralateral normal-appearing white matter (APTCNAWM), and the peritumoral edema area (if present, APTedema) and the tumor volume (VAPT) were measured for objective evaluation and determination of the optimal AF. The Ki67 labeling index was also measured by using standard immunohistochemical staining procedures in samples from patients with gliomas, and the correlation between tumor APT values and the Ki67 index was analyzed. Results The image quality of AF = CS5 was significantly lower than that of other groups. VAPT showed significant differences among the six sequences in meningiomas (p = 0.048) and gliomas (p = 0.023). The pairwise comparison showed that the VAPT values of meningiomas measured from images by CS5 were significantly lower, and gliomas were significantly larger than those by SENSE1.6 and other CS accelerations, (p < 0.05). APTtumor (p = 0.191) showed no significant difference among the three types of tumors. The APTtumor values of gliomas measured by APTw images with the SENSE factor of 1.6 and the CS factor of 2, 3, and 4 (except for CS5) were all positively correlated with Ki67. Conclusion Compressed SENSE could be successfully extended to accelerated 3D APTw imaging of brain tumors without compromising image quality using the AF of 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanwei Miao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Song,
| | - Liangjie Lin
- MSC Clinical and Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- MSC Clinical and Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhou J, Zaiss M, Knutsson L, Sun PZ, Ahn SS, Aime S, Bachert P, Blakeley JO, Cai K, Chappell MA, Chen M, Gochberg DF, Goerke S, Heo HY, Jiang S, Jin T, Kim SG, Laterra J, Paech D, Pagel MD, Park JE, Reddy R, Sakata A, Sartoretti-Schefer S, Sherry AD, Smith SA, Stanisz GJ, Sundgren PC, Togao O, Vandsburger M, Wen Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Zu Z, van Zijl PCM. Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT-weighted imaging approaches at 3T: Application to brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:546-574. [PMID: 35452155 PMCID: PMC9321891 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed-on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi-center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gochberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advance Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology/Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Lim SH, Lee J, Jung S, Kim B, Rhee HY, Oh SH, Park S, Cho AR, Ryu CW, Jahng GH. Myelin-Weighted Imaging Presents Reduced Apparent Myelin Water in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020446. [PMID: 35204537 PMCID: PMC8871299 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate myelin loss in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with a new myelin water mapping technique within reasonable scan time and evaluate the clinical relevance of the apparent myelin water fraction (MWF) values by assessing the relationship between decreases in myelin water and the degree of memory decline or aging. Twenty-nine individuals were assigned to the cognitively normal (CN) elderly group, 32 participants were assigned to the MCI group, and 31 patients were assigned to the AD group. A 3D visualization of the short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)-gradient and spin-echo (GraSE) sequence was developed to map apparent MWF. Then, the MWF values were compared between the three participant groups and was evaluated the relationship with the degree of memory loss. The AD group showed a reduced apparent MWF compared to the CN and MCI groups. The largest AUC (area under the curve) value was in the corpus callosum and used to classify the CN and AD groups using the apparent MWF. The ViSTa-GraSE sequence can be a useful tool to map the MWF in a reasonable scan time. Combining the MWF in the corpus callosum with the detection of atrophy in the hippocampus can be valuable for group classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Lim
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (B.K.); (C.-W.R.)
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (J.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Sumin Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (J.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (B.K.); (C.-W.R.)
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Korea;
| | - Soonchan Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.P.); (A.R.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (B.K.); (C.-W.R.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.P.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (B.K.); (C.-W.R.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.P.); (A.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-440-6187; Fax: +82-2-440-6932
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23
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Jia X, Wang W, Liang J, Ma X, Chen W, Wu D, Lai C, Zhang Y. Risk stratification of abdominal tumors in children with amide proton transfer imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:2158-2167. [PMID: 35031842 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential of molecular amide proton transfer (APT) MRI for predicting the risk group of abdominal tumors in children, and compare it with quantitative T1 and T2 mapping. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 133 untreated pediatric patients with suspected abdominal tumors from February 2019 to September 2020. APT-weighted (APTw) imaging and quantitative relaxation time mapping sequences were executed for each subject. The region of interest (ROI) was generated with automatic artifact detection and ROI-shrinking algorithms, within which the APTw, T1, and T2 indices were calculated and compared between different risk groups. The prediction performance of different imaging parameters was assessed with the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and Student's t-test. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were included in the final analysis, including 24 neuroblastomas (NB), 18 Wilms' tumors (WT), and 15 hepatoblastomas (HB). The APTw signal was significantly (p < .001) higher in patients with high-risk NB than those with low-risk NB, while the difference between patients with low-risk and high-risk WT (p = .69) or HB (p = .35) was not statistically significant. The associated areas under the curve (AUC) for APT to differentiate low-risk and high-risk NB, WT, and HB were 0.93, 0.58, and 0.71, respectively. The quantitative T1 and T2 values generated AUCs of 0.61-0.70 for the risk stratification of abdominal tumors. CONCLUSIONS APT MRI is a potential imaging biomarker for stratifying the risk group of pediatric neuroblastoma in the abdomen preoperatively and provides added value to structural MRI. KEY POINTS • Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging showed significantly (p < .001) higher values in pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma than those with low-risk neuroblastoma, but did not demonstrate a significant difference in patients with Wilms' tumor (p = .69) or hepatoblastoma (p = .35). • The associated areas under the curve (AUC) for APT to differentiate low-risk and high-risk neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoblastoma were 0.93, 0.58, and 0.71, respectively. • The quantitative T1 and T2 indices generated AUCs of 0.61-0.70 for dichotomizing the risk group of abdominal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jia
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Can Lai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Zhang H, Zhou J, Peng Y. Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MR Imaging of Pediatric Central Nervous System Diseases. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:631-641. [PMID: 34717850 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging is a molecular MR imaging technique that can detect the concentration of the amide protons in mobile cellular proteins and peptides or a pH change in vivo. Previous studies have indicated that APTw MR imaging can be used to detect malignant brain tumors, stroke, and other neurologic diseases, although the clinical application in pediatric patients remains limited. The authors briefly introduce the basic principles of APTw imaging. Then, they review early clinical applications of this approach to pediatric central nervous system diseases, including pediatric brain development, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial infection, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nan Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Park 336, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nan Li Shi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
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25
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Foo LS, Harston G, Mehndiratta A, Yap WS, Hum YC, Lai KW, Mohamed Mukari SA, Mohd Zaki F, Tee YK. Clinical translation of amide proton transfer (APT) MRI for ischemic stroke: a systematic review (2003-2020). Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:3797-3811. [PMID: 34341751 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a pH-sensitive imaging technique that can potentially complement existing clinical imaging protocol for the assessment of ischemic stroke. This review aims to summarize the developments in the clinical research of APT imaging of ischemic stroke after 17 years of progress since its first preclinical study in 2003. Three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles reporting clinical studies on APT imaging of ischemic stroke. Only articles in English published between 2003 to 2020 that involved patients presenting ischemic stroke-like symptoms that underwent APT MRI were included. Of 1,093 articles screened, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria with a total of 282 patients that had been scanned using APT imaging. Generally, the clinical studies agreed APT effect to be hypointense in ischemic tissue compared to healthy tissue, allowing for the detection of ischemic stroke. Other uses of APT imaging have also been investigated in the studies, including penumbra identification, predicting long term clinical outcome, and serving as a biomarker for supportive treatment monitoring. The published results demonstrated the potential of APT imaging in these applications, but further investigations and larger trials are needed for conclusive evidence. Future studies are recommended to report the result of asymmetry analysis at 3.5 ppm along with the findings of the study to reduce this contribution to the heterogeneity of experimental methods observed and to facilitate effective comparison of results between studies and centers. In addition, it is important to focus on the development of fast 3D imaging for full volumetric ischemic tissue assessment for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Sze Foo
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | | | - Amit Mehndiratta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Wun-She Yap
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Yan Chai Hum
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Khin Wee Lai
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Faizah Mohd Zaki
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kai Tee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
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26
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Hanif S, Muhammad P, Niu Z, Ismail M, Morsch M, Zhang X, Li M, Shi B. Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Early Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Disorders. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Hanif
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Zheng Niu
- Province's Key Lab of Brain Targeted Bionanomedicine School of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health & Human Sciences Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia
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27
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Chan RW, Lawrence LSP, Oglesby RT, Chen H, Stewart J, Theriault A, Campbell M, Ruschin M, Myrehaug S, Atenafu EG, Keller B, Chugh B, MacKenzie S, Tseng CL, Detsky J, Maralani PJ, Czarnota GJ, Stanisz GJ, Sahgal A, Lau AZ. Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI in central nervous system tumours on a 1.5 T MR-Linac. Radiother Oncol 2021; 162:140-149. [PMID: 34280403 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the implementation and initial results of using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) for monitoring patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours treated using a 1.5 tesla MR-guided radiotherapy system. METHODS CNS patients were treated with up to 30 fractions (total dose up to 60 Gy) using a 1.5 T Elekta Unity MR-Linac. CEST scans were obtained in 54 subjects at one or more time points during treatment. CEST metrics, including the amide magnetization transfer ratio (MTRAmide), nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) MTR (MTRNOE) and asymmetry, were quantified in phantoms and CNS patients. The signal was investigated between tumour and white matter, across time, and across disease categories including high- and low-grade tumours. RESULTS The gross tumour volume (GTV) exhibited lower MTRAmide and MTRNOE and higher asymmetry compared to contralateral normal appearing white matter. Signal changes in the GTV during fractionated radiotherapy were observed. There were differences between high- and low-grade tumours, with higher CEST asymmetry associated with higher grade disease. CONCLUSION CEST MRI using a 1.5 T MR-Linac was demonstrated to be feasible for in vivo imaging of CNS tumours. CEST images showed tumour/white-matter contrast, temporal CEST signal changes, and associations with tumour grade. These results show promise for the eventual goal of using metabolic imaging to inform the design of adaptive radiotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W Chan
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Liam S P Lawrence
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan T Oglesby
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aimee Theriault
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikki Campbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Ruschin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Keller
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brige Chugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott MacKenzie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pejman J Maralani
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg J Czarnota
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Chen Y, Wang X, Su T, Xu Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xue H, Zhuo Z, Zhu Y, Jin Z, Zhang T. Feasibility evaluation of amide proton transfer-weighted imaging in the parotid glands: a strategy to recognize artifacts and measure APT value. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2279-2291. [PMID: 34079701 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The feasibility and image quality of three-dimensional (3D) amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted (APTw) in parotid tumor lesions have not been well established in previous studies. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of APT imaging in parotid lesions and glands. Methods Patients with parotid lesions received 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) APTw on a 3.0T scanner. Two radiologists, who were blinded to the clinical data, independently evaluated the APTw image quality using 4-point Likert scales (1= poor, 4= excellent) in terms of integrity and hyperintensity artifacts. An image quality selection protocol was built based on the two scores. Evaluable images (integrity score >1) and trustable images (integrity score >3 and hyperintensity artifacts score >2) were then enrolled for APTw value comparison between parotid lesions and glands. Results Forty consecutive patients were included in this study. Four patients were excluded due to severe motion (n=3) or dental (n=1) artifacts, and 36 patients received the APT sequence. Among these, more parotid tumor lesions (34/36, 94.4%) than normal parotid glands (23/31, 74.2%) revealed excellent integrity scores (score =4) (P=0.034). Most parotid tumor lesions (24/34, 70.6%) and glands (16/28, 57.1%) revealed no or little hyperintensity artifacts for diagnosis (scores 3 and 4). APT values of parotid lesions and glands in the evaluable groups were 2.11%±1.15% and 1.60%±1.56%, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P=0.197). APT values of parotid lesions and glands in the trustable groups were 1.99%±1.18% and 1.03%±1.09%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.018). Conclusions 3D APTw could be used to differentiate parotid tumors and normal parotid glands; however, the technology still needs to be improved to remove artifacts. In our study, most APTw images of tumor lesions in parotid glands had acceptable image quality, and these APTw images are feasible for diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tong Su
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huadan Xue
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yuanli Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sui R, Chen L, Li Y, Huang J, Chan KWY, Xu X, van Zijl PCM, Xu J. Whole-brain amide CEST imaging at 3T with a steady-state radial MRI acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:893-906. [PMID: 33772859 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a steady-state saturation with radial readout chemical exchange saturation transfer (starCEST) for acquiring CEST images at 3 Tesla (T). The polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting approach was further developed for extracting amideCEST intensities at this field. METHOD StarCEST MRI using periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction-based spatial sampling was implemented to acquire Z-spectra that are robust to brain motion. Multi-linear singular value decomposition postprocessing was applied to enhance the CEST SNR. The egg white phantom studies were performed at 3T to reveal the contributions to the 3.5 ppm CEST signal. Based on the phantom validation, the amideCEST peak was quantified using the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting, which exploits the inverse relationship between Z-spectral intensity and the longitudinal relaxation rate in the rotating frame. The 3D turbo spin echo CEST was also performed to compare with the starCEST method. RESULTS The amideCEST peak showed a negligible peak B1 dependence between 1.2 µT and 2.4 µT. The amideCEST images acquired with starCEST showed much improved image quality, SNR, and motion robustness compared to the conventional 3D turbo spin echo CEST method with the same scan time. The amideCEST contrast extracted by the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting method trended toward a stronger gray matter signal (1.32% ± 0.30%) than white matter (0.92% ± 0.08%; P = .02, n = 5). When calculating the magnetization transfer contrast and T1 -corrected rotating frame relaxation rate maps, amideCEST again was not significantly different for white matter and gray matter. CONCLUSION Rapid multi-slice amideCEST mapping can be achieved by the starCEST method (< 5 min) at 3T by combing with the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sui
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liebert A, Tkotz K, Herrler J, Linz P, Mennecke A, German A, Liebig P, Gumbrecht R, Schmidt M, Doerfler A, Uder M, Zaiss M, Nagel AM. Whole-brain quantitative CEST MRI at 7T using parallel transmission methods and B 1 + correction. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:346-362. [PMID: 33634505 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable whole-brain quantitative CEST MRI at ultra-high magnetic field strengths (B0 ≥ 7T) within short acquisition times. METHODS Multiple interleaved mode saturation (MIMOSA) was combined with fast online-customized (FOCUS) parallel transmission (pTx) excitation pulses and B 1 + correction to achieve homogenous whole-brain coverage. Examinations of 13 volunteers were performed on a 7T MRI system with 3 different types of pulse sequences: (1) saturation in circular polarized (CP) mode and CP mode readout, (2) MIMOSA and CP readout, and (3) MIMOSA and FOCUS readout. For comparison, the inverse magnetic transfer ratio metric for relayed nuclear Overhauser effect and amide proton transfer were calculated. To investigate the number of required acquisitions for a good B 1 + correction, 4 volunteers were measured with 6 different B1 amplitudes. Finally, time point repeatability was investigated for 6 volunteers. RESULTS MIMOSA FOCUS sequence using B 1 + correction, with both single and multiple points, reduced inhomogeneity of the CEST contrasts around the occipital lobe and cerebellum. Results indicate that the most stable inter-subject coefficient of variation was achieved using the MIMOSA FOCUS sequence. Time point repeatability of MIMOSA FOCUS with single-point B 1 + correction showed a maximum coefficient of variation below 8% for 3 measurements in a single volunteer. CONCLUSION A combination of MIMOSA FOCUS with a single-point B 1 + correction can be used to achieve quantitative CEST measurements at ultra-high magnetic field strengths. Compared to previous B 1 + correction methods, acquisition time can be reduced as additional scans required for B 1 + correction can be omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Liebert
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Tkotz
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Herrler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex German
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Manuel Schmidt
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Goerke S, Breitling J, Korzowski A, Paech D, Zaiss M, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P. Clinical routine acquisition protocol for 3D relaxation-compensated APT and rNOE CEST-MRI of the human brain at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:393-404. [PMID: 33586217 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The value of relaxation-compensated amide proton transfer (APT) and relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI has already been demonstrated in various neuro-oncological clinical applications. Recently, we translated the approach from 7T to a clinically relevant magnetic field strength of 3T. However, the overall acquisition time was still too long for a broad application in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to establish a shorter acquisition protocol whilst maintaining the contrast behavior and reproducibility. METHODS Ten patients with glioblastoma were examined using the previous state-of-the-art acquisition protocol at 3T. The acquired spectral data were retrospectively reduced to find the minimal amount of required information that allows obtaining the same contrast behavior. To further reduce the acquisition time, also the image readout was accelerated and the pre-saturation parameters were further optimized. RESULTS In total, the overall acquisition time could be reduced from 19 min to under 7 min. One key finding was that, when evaluated by the relaxation-compensated inverse metric, a contrast correction for B1 -field inhomogeneities at 3T can also be achieved reliably with CEST data at only one B1 value. In contrast, a 1-point B1 -correction was not sufficient for the common linear difference evaluation. The reproducibility of the new clinical routine acquisition protocol was similar to the previous state-of-the-art protocol with limits of agreement below 20%. CONCLUSIONS The substantial reduction in acquisition time by about 64% now allows the application of 3D relaxation-compensated APT and rNOE CEST-MRI for examinations of the human brain at 3T in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kim H, Krishnamurthy LC, Sun PZ. Brain pH Imaging and its Applications. Neuroscience 2021; 474:51-62. [PMID: 33493621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acid-base homeostasis and pH regulation are critical for normal tissue metabolism and physiology, and brain tissue pH alters in many diseased states. Several noninvasive tissue pH Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques have been developed over the past few decades to shed light on pH change during tissue function and dysfunction. Nevertheless, there are still challenges for mapping brain pH noninvasively at high spatiotemporal resolution. To address this unmet biomedical need, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MR techniques have been developed as a sensitive means for non-invasive pH mapping. This article briefly reviews the basic principles of different pH measurement techniques with a focus on CEST imaging of pH. Emerging pH imaging applications in the tumor are provided as examples throughout the narrative, and CEST pH imaging in acute stroke is discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahnsung Kim
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA, Decatur, GA, United States; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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33
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Longo DL, Irrera P, Consolino L, Sun PZ, McMahon MT. Renal pH Imaging Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI: Basic Concept. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:241-256. [PMID: 33476004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been actively explored in the last several decades for assessing renal function by providing several physiological information, including glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, tissue oxygenation and water diffusion. Within MRI, the developing field of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has potential to provide further functional information for diagnosing kidney diseases. Both endogenous produced molecules as well as exogenously administered CEST agents have been exploited for providing functional information related to kidney diseases in preclinical studies. In particular, CEST MRI has been exploited for assessing the acid-base homeostasis in the kidney and for monitoring pH changes in several disease models. This review summarizes several CEST MRI procedures for assessing kidney functionality and pH, for monitoring renal pH changes in different kidney injury models and for evaluating renal allograft rejection.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Torino, Italy.
| | - Pietro Irrera
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of MR Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cardiac 1H MR spectroscopy: development of the past five decades and future perspectives. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:839-859. [PMID: 33409666 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Continued advances in laboratory medicine are required to realize the potential of individualized medicine to impact common cardiovascular diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have advanced over recent years and offer unique, powerful insights into cardiac anatomic and metabolic changes, respectively, occurring in both nascent and advanced heart disease. Although numerous MRI-based in vivo diagnostics are already used in routine clinical practice and more are anticipated, MRS has been less incorporated into routine clinical practice. Given the ability of 1H MRS to identify and quantify specific molecules with high sensitivity and specificity, its potential utility should be successfully transition from "bench-to-bedside" is tantalizing. The present review will highlight the development of 1H MRS techniques for cardiac applications, observations in seminal studies with 1H MRS, and the prospects and challenges for widespread application in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Liu G, van Zijl PC. CEST (Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer) MR Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Repurposing Clinical Agents for Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010011. [PMID: 33374213 PMCID: PMC7824058 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is becoming an indispensable tool to pursue precision medicine. However, quickly translating newly developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents into clinical use remains a formidable challenge. Recently, Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI is emerging as an attractive approach with the capability of directly using low concentration, exchangeable protons-containing agents for generating quantitative MRI contrast. The ability to utilize diamagnetic compounds has been extensively exploited to detect many clinical compounds, such as FDA approved drugs, X-ray/CT contrast agents, nutrients, supplements, and biopolymers. The ability to directly off-label use clinical compounds permits CEST MRI to be rapidly translated to clinical settings. In this review, the current status of CEST MRI based on clinically available compounds will be briefly introduced. The advancements and limitations of these studies are reviewed in the context of their pre-clinical or clinical applications. Finally, future directions will be briefly discussed.
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Oh JH, Choi BG, Rhee HY, Lee JS, Lee KM, Park S, Cho AR, Ryu CW, Park KC, Kim EJ, Jahng GH. Added Value of Chemical Exchange-Dependent Saturation Transfer MRI for the Diagnosis of Dementia. Korean J Radiol 2020; 22:770-781. [PMID: 33543845 PMCID: PMC8076822 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive for detecting solid-like proteins and may detect changes in the levels of mobile proteins and peptides in tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of chemical exchange proton pools using the CEST MRI technique in patients with dementia. Materials and Methods Our institutional review board approved this cross-sectional prospective study and informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study included 41 subjects (19 with dementia and 22 without dementia). Complete CEST data of the brain were obtained using a three-dimensional gradient and spin-echo sequence to map CEST indices, such as amide, amine, hydroxyl, and magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) values, using six-pool Lorentzian fitting. Statistical analyses of CEST indices were performed to evaluate group comparisons, their correlations with gray matter volume (GMV) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Amine signals (0.029 for non-dementia, 0.046 for dementia, p = 0.011 at hippocampus) and MTRasym values at 3 ppm (0.748 for non-dementia, 1.138 for dementia, p = 0.022 at hippocampus), and 3.5 ppm (0.463 for non-dementia, 0.875 for dementia, p = 0.029 at hippocampus) were significantly higher in the dementia group than in the non-dementia group. Most CEST indices were not significantly correlated with GMV; however, except amide, most indices were significantly correlated with the MMSE scores. The classification power of most CEST indices was lower than that of GMV but adding one of the CEST indices in GMV improved the classification between the subject groups. The largest improvement was seen in the MTRasym values at 2 ppm in the anterior cingulate (area under the ROC curve = 0.981), with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 90.91. Conclusion CEST MRI potentially allows noninvasive image alterations in the Alzheimer's disease brain without injecting isotopes for monitoring different disease states and may provide a new imaging biomarker in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hoon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Guem Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Undergraduate School, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hak Young Rhee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonchan Park
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Key Chung Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui Jong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geon Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Three-dimension amide proton transfer MRI of rectal adenocarcinoma: correlation with pathologic prognostic factors and comparison with diffusion kurtosis imaging. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:3286-3296. [PMID: 33125558 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the utility of 3D amide proton transfer (APT) MRI in predicting pathologic factors for rectal adenocarcinoma, in comparison with diffusion kurtosis imaging. METHODS Sixty-one patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this prospective study. 3D APT and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) were performed. Mean APT-weighted signal intensity (APTw SI), mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD), and ADC values of tumors were calculated on these maps. Pathological analysis included WHO grades, pT stages, pN stages, and extramural venous invasion (EMVI) status. Student's t test, Spearman correlation, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS High-grade rectal adenocarcinoma showed significantly higher mean APTw SI and MK values (2.771 ± 0.384 vs 2.108 ± 0.409, 1.167 ± 0.216 vs 1.045 ± 0.175, respectively; p < 0.05). T3 rectal adenocarcinoma demonstrated higher mean APTw SI and MK than T2 tumors (2.433 ± 0.467 vs 1.900 ± 0.302, p < 0.05). No kurtosis, diffusivity, and ADC differences were found between T2 and T3 tumors. Tumors with lymph node metastasis and EMVI involvement showed significantly higher mean APTw SI, MK. No difference was found in diffusivity and ADC between pN0 and pN1-2 groups, and EMVI-negative and EMVI-positive statuses. Mean APTw SI exhibited a significantly high positive correlation with WHO grades, demonstrating 92.31% sensitivity and 79.17% specificity for distinguishing low- from high-grade rectal adenocarcinoma, providing a better diagnostic capacity than MK, MD, and mean ADC values. CONCLUSION 3D-APT could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for evaluating prognostic factors of rectal adenocarcinoma. KEY POINTS • Mean APTw SI was significantly higher in high-grade compared to low-grade rectal adenocarcinoma. • Mean APTw SI was significantly higher in T3 stage rectal adenocarcinoma, with lymph node metastasis, or in EMVI-positive status. • APTw SI exhibited greater diagnostic capability in discriminating low-grade from high-grade rectal adenocarcinoma, compared with kurtosis, diffusivity, and ADC.
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Villano D, Romdhane F, Irrera P, Consolino L, Anemone A, Zaiss M, Dastrù W, Longo DL. A fast multislice sequence for 3D MRI-CEST pH imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1335-1349. [PMID: 33031591 PMCID: PMC7756816 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI can provide accurate pH images, but the slow scan time (due to long saturation periods and multiple offsets sampling) reduce both the volume coverage and spatial resolution capability, hence the possibility to interrogate the heterogeneity in tumors and organs. To overcome these limitations, we propose a fast multislice CEST‐MRI sequence with high pH accuracy and spatial resolution. Methods The sequence first uses a long saturation pulse to induce the steady‐state CEST contrast and a second short saturation pulse repeated after each image acquisition to compensate for signal losses based on an uneven irradiation scheme combined with a single‐shot rapid acquisition with refocusing echoes readout. Sequence sensitivity and accuracy in measuring pH was optimized by simulation and assessed by in vitro studies in pH‐varying phantoms. In vivo validation was performed in two applications by acquiring multislice pH images covering the whole tumors and kidneys after iopamidol injection. Results Simulated and in vivo data showed comparable contrast efficiency and pH responsiveness by reducing saturation time. The experimental data from a homogeneous, pH‐varying, iopamidol‐containing phantom show that the sequence produced a uniform CEST contrast across slices and accurate values across slices in less than 10 minutes. In vivo measurements allowed us to quantify the 3D pH gradients of tumors and kidneys, with pH ranges comparable with the literature. Conclusion The proposed fast multislice CEST‐MRI sequence allows volumetric acquisitions with good pH sensitivity, accuracy, and spatial resolution for several in vivo pH imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Villano
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Feriel Romdhane
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Engineering School of Tunis (ENIT), University al Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pietro Irrera
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Italian National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annasofia Anemone
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Dastrù
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Research Council, Torino, Italy
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Cai X, Zhang J, Lu J, Yi L, Han Z, Zhang S, Yang X, Liu G. N-Aryl Amides as Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. Chemistry 2020; 26:11705-11709. [PMID: 32639618 PMCID: PMC10186200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI has recently emerged as a versatile molecular imaging approach in which diamagnetic compounds can be utilized to generate an MRI signal. To expand the scope of CEST MRI applications, herein, we systematically investigated the CEST properties of N-aryl amides with different N-aromatic substitution, revealing their chemical shifts (4.6-5.8 ppm) and exchange rates (up to thousands s-1 ) are favorable to be used as CEST agents as compared to alkyl amides. As the first proof-of-concept study, we used CEST MRI to detect the enzymatic metabolism of the drug acebutolol directly by its intrinsic CEST signal without any chemical labeling. Our study implies that N-aryl amides may enable the label-free CEST MRI detection of the metabolism of many N-aryl amide-containing drugs and a variety of enzymes that act on N-aryl amides, greatly expanding the scope of CEST MR molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekang Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Han
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guandong, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Kwiatkowski G, Kozerke S. Accelerating CEST MRI in the mouse brain at 9.4 T by exploiting sparsity in the Z-spectrum domain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4360. [PMID: 32621367 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MR contrast modality offering an enhanced sensitivity for the detection of dilute metabolites with exchangeable protons. Quantitative analysis requires the acquisition of a number of images (usually between 20 and 50 RF offsets) per Z-spectrum, leading to long acquisition times of the order of 5-40 min in practice. In this work, we explore the possibility of employing sparsity in the Z-spectrum domain (irradiation offset dimension) to provide an accelerated acquisition scheme without compromising the quality of reconstructed CEST spectra. METHOD AND THEORY Ex vivo and in vivo data were acquired on an experimental, small animal 9.4 T system. Three different reconstruction methods were tested: k-Z SPARSE, k-Z SLR and k-Z principal component analysis (PCA) using retrospective undersampling with net acceleration factors R = 2, 3, 5. The quality of the reconstructed data was compared with respect to CEST spectra and full magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) asymmetry maps. RESULTS In both phantom and in vivo data, CEST spectra and the resulting MTR asymmetry maps were reconstructed without significant deterioration in data quality. For a low acceleration factor (R = 2, 3) all applied methods resulted in similar data quality, while for high acceleration factor (R = 5) only k-Z PCA and k-Z SLR could be used. Loss in spatial resolution was observed in reconstruction with k-Z PCA for all acceleration factors. An example of prospective undersampling with acceleration factor R = 3 and k-Z PCA reconstruction demonstrates improved CEST maps when compared with fully sampled data acquisition with either three times longer scan duration or threefold prolonged acquisition window per frequency offset. CONCLUSION The acquisition time of CEST spectra can be significantly accelerated by exploiting the sparsity of the Z-domain. For prospective and retrospective analysis using k-Z PCA, an acceleration factor of up to R = 3 can be used without significant loss in data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Lee H, Choi SH, Sohn CH, Kim SG, Lee J, Park J. Rapid three-dimensional steady-state chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1209-1221. [PMID: 32851659 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To make clinically feasible whole-brain chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by enhancing imaging efficiency. METHODS A novel, whole-brain three-dimensional (3D) steady-state CEST MRI method was introduced by utilizing a time-efficient, fat-suppressed excitation followed by rapid, segmented 3D echo-planar-imaging with incoherent undersampling in k-ω space. Missing signals and CEST-specific spectral images were then jointly estimated directly from incomplete measurements using model-based reconstruction and robust spectral analysis. In vivo studies were performed at 3T both retrospectively (using a fully sampled reference) and prospectively to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in patients with brain cancer. RESULTS In retrospective studies, the proposed method exhibits superior accuracies to existing methods in estimating images, z-spectra, and APTw relative to the reference. In prospective patient studies, compared with existing methods, the proposed method is statistically significantly different in contrast-to-noise ratio of the APTw contrast between tumor and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and amide proton transfer weighted contrast (p < 0.05) while not being significantly different in signal-to-noise ratio in an NAWM region. CONCLUSIONS We successfully demonstrated that it is feasible to perform whole-brain CEST MRI roughly within 4 minutes for patients with brain cancer. It is expected that the proposed method widens clinical utilities of CEST MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonjae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liver MRI with amide proton transfer imaging: feasibility and accuracy for the characterization of focal liver lesions. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:222-231. [PMID: 32785767 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of using amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the liver and to evaluate its ability to characterize focal liver lesions (FLLs). METHODS A total of 203 patients with suspected FLLs who underwent APT imaging at 3T were included. APT imaging was obtained using a single-slice turbo spin-echo sequence to include FLLs through five breath-holds, and its acquisition time was approximately 1 min. APT signals in the background liver and FLL were measured with magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) at 3.5 ppm. The technical success rate of APT imaging and the reasons for failure to obtain meaningful MTRasym values were assessed. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare MTRasym values between different FLLs. RESULTS The technical success rate of APT imaging in the liver was 62.1% (126/203). The reasons for failure were a too large B0 inhomogeneity (n = 43), significant respiratory motion (n = 12), and these two factors together (n = 22), respectively. Among 59 FLLs with analyzable APT images, MTRasym values were compared between 27 patients with liver metastases and 23 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The MTRasym values of metastases were significantly higher than those of HCC (0.13 ± 2.15% vs. - 1.41 ± 3.68%, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS APT imaging could be an imaging biomarker for the differentiation of FLLs. However, further technical improvement is required before APT imaging can be clinically applied to liver MRI. KEY POINTS • Liver APT imaging was technically feasible, but with a relatively low success rate (62.1%). • Liver metastases showed higher APT values than hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Wu D, Liu D, Hsu YC, Li H, Sun Y, Qin Q, Zhang Y. Diffusion-prepared 3D gradient spin-echo sequence for improved oscillating gradient diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:78-88. [PMID: 32643240 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oscillating gradient (OG) enables the access of short diffusion times for time-dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI); however, it poses several technical challenges for clinical use. This study proposes a 3D oscillating gradient-prepared gradient spin-echo (OGprep-GRASE) sequence to improve SNR and shorten acquisition time for OG dMRI on clinical scanners. METHODS The 3D OGprep-GRASE sequence consisted of global saturation, diffusion encoding, fat saturation, and GRASE readout modules. Multiplexed sensitivity-encoding reconstruction was used to correct the phase errors between multiple shots. We compared the scan time and SNR of the proposed sequence and the conventional 2D-EPI sequence for OG dMRI at 30-90-mm slice coverage. We also examined the time-dependent diffusivity changes with OG dMRI acquired at frequencies of 50 Hz and 25 Hz and pulsed-gradient dMRI at diffusion times of 30 ms and 60 ms. RESULTS The OGprep-GRASE sequence reduced the scan time by a factor of 1.38, and increased the SNR by 1.74-2.27 times compared with 2D EPI for relatively thick slice coverage (60-90 mm). The SNR gain led to improved diffusion-tensor reconstruction in the multishot protocols. Image distortion in 2D-EPI images was also reduced in GRASE images. Diffusivity measurements from the pulsed-gradient dMRI and OG dMRI showed clear diffusion-time dependency in the white matter and gray matter of the human brain, using both the GRASE and EPI sequences. CONCLUSION The 3D OGprep-GRASE sequence improved scan time and SNR and reduced image distortion compared with the 2D multislice acquisition for OG dMRI on a 3T clinical system, which may facilitate the clinical translation of time-dependent dMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Csenter for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare China, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare China, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Csenter for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Qamar S, King AD, Ai QYH, Mo FKF, Chen W, Poon DMC, Tong M, Ma BB, Yeung DKW, Wang YX, Yuan J. Pre-treatment amide proton transfer imaging predicts treatment outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:6339-6347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mueller S, Stirnberg R, Akbey S, Ehses P, Scheffler K, Stöcker T, Zaiss M. Whole brain snapshot CEST at 3T using 3D‐EPI: Aiming for speed, volume, and homogeneity. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2469-2483. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mueller
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
| | | | - Suzan Akbey
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Philipp Ehses
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High‐field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen Germany
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Debnath A, Gupta RK, Singh A. Evaluating the Role of Amide Proton Transfer (APT)-Weighted Contrast, Optimized for Normalization and Region of Interest Selection, in Differentiation of Neoplastic and Infective Mass Lesions on 3T MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:384-396. [PMID: 31228076 PMCID: PMC7109008 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of amide proton transfer-weighted (APT-w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating neoplastic and infective mass lesions using different contrast normalizations, region of interest (ROI) selection, and histogram analysis. PROCEDURES Retrospective study included 32 treatment-naive patients having intracranial mass lesions (ICMLs): low-grade glioma (LGG) = 14, high-grade glioma (HGG) = 10, and infective mass lesions = 8. APT-w MRI images were acquired along with conventional MRI images at 3 T. APT-w contrast, corrected for B0-field inhomogeneity, was computed and optimized with respect to different types of normalizations. Different ROIs on lesion region were selected followed by ROI analysis and histogram analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk's test, t tests, ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, and receiver operation characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS ICMLs showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher APT-w contrast in lesion compared with contralateral side. There was a substantial overlap between mean APT-w contrast of neoplastic and infective mass lesions as well as among different groups of ICMLs irrespective of ROI selection and normalizations. APT-w contrast (using type 4 normalization: normalized with reference signal at negative offset frequency and APT-w contrast in normal-appearing white matter) reduced variability of APT-w contrast across different subjects, and overlap was less compared with other types of normalizations. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between neoplastic and infective mass lesions using t test for different histogram parameters of type 4 normalized APT-w contrast. ANOVA with post hoc showed significant difference (p < 0.05) for different histogram parameters of APT-w contrast (Type 4 normalization) between LGG and HGG, LGG, and infective mass lesion. Histogram parameters such as standard deviation, mean of top percentiles, and median provided improved differentiation between neoplastic and infective mass lesions compared with mean APT-w contrast. A greater number of histogram parameters of type 4 normalized APT-w contrast corresponding to active lesion region can significantly differentiate between ICMLs than other types of normalizations and ROIs. CONCLUSIONS APT-w contrast using type 4 normalization and active lesion region (ROI-2) should be used for studying APT. APT-MRI should be combined with other MRI techniques to further improve the differential diagnosis of ICMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Debnath
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Block II, Room No. 299, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | - Anup Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Block II, Room No. 299, New Delhi, 110016, India.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Comparison of the reproducibility of 2D and 3D amide proton transfer weighted imaging in intracranial rat gliomas at 3 T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42058-020-00028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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Zhang Y, Yong X, Liu R, Tang J, Jiang H, Fu C, Wei R, Hsu Y, Sun Y, Luo B, Wu D. Whole‐brain chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with optimized turbo spin echo readout. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1161-1172. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xingwang Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jibin Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hongjie Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yi‐Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration Siemens Healthcare Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration Siemens Healthcare Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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Foo LS, Yap WS, Hum YC, Manan HA, Tee YK. Analysis of model-based and model-free CEST effect quantification methods for different medical applications. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 310:106648. [PMID: 31760147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds great potential to provide new metabolic information for clinical applications such as tumor, stroke and Parkinson's Disease diagnosis. Many active research and developments have been conducted to translate this emerging MRI technique for routine clinical applications. In general, there are two CEST quantification techniques: (i) model-free and (ii) model-based techniques. The reliability of these quantification techniques depends heavily on the experimental conditions and quality of the collected data. Errors such as noise may lead to misleading quantification results and thus inaccurate diagnosis when CEST imaging becomes a standard or routine imaging scan in the future. This paper investigates the accuracy and robustness of these quantification techniques under different signal-to-noise (SNR) levels and magnetic field strengths. The quantified CEST effect before and after adding random Gaussian White Noise using model-free and model-based quantification techniques were compared. It was found that the model-free technique consistently yielded larger average percentage error across all tested parameters compared to its model-based counterpart, and that the model-based technique could withstand SNR of about 3 times lower than the model-free technique. When applied on noisy brain tumor, ischemic stroke, and Parkinson's Disease clinical data, the model-free technique failed to produce significant differences between normal and abnormal tissue whereas the model-based technique consistently generated significant differences. Although the model-free technique was less accurate and robust, its simplicity and thus speed would still make it a good approximate when the SNR was high (>50) or when the CEST effect was large and well-defined. For more accurate CEST quantification, model-based techniques should be considered. When SNR was low (<50) and the CEST effect was small such as those acquired from clinical field strength scanners, which are generally 3T and below, model-based techniques should be considered over model-free counterpart to maintain an average percentage error of less than 44% even under very noisy condition as tested in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Sze Foo
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Wun-She Yap
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Yan Chai Hum
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kai Tee
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia.
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