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Wang K, Ju L, Song Y, Blair L, Xie K, Liu C, Li A, Zhu D, Xu F, Liu G, Heo HY, Yadav N, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Qin Q, Kamson DO, Xu J. Whole-cerebrum guanidino and amide CEST mapping at 3 T by a 3D stack-of-spirals gradient echo acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1456-1470. [PMID: 38748853 PMCID: PMC11262991 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D, high-sensitivity CEST mapping technique based on the 3D stack-of-spirals (SOS) gradient echo readout, the proposed approach was compared with conventional acquisition techniques and evaluated for its efficacy in concurrently mapping of guanidino (Guan) and amide CEST in human brain at 3 T, leveraging the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting (PLOF) method. METHODS Saturation time and recovery delay were optimized to achieve maximum CEST time efficiency. The 3DSOS method was compared with segmented 3D EPI (3DEPI), turbo spin echo, and gradient- and spin-echo techniques. Image quality, temporal SNR (tSNR), and test-retest reliability were assessed. Maps of Guan and amide CEST derived from 3DSOS were demonstrated on a low-grade glioma patient. RESULTS The optimized recovery delay/saturation time was determined to be 1.4/2 s for Guan and amide CEST. In addition to nearly doubling the slice number, the gradient echo techniques also outperformed spin echo sequences in tSNR: 3DEPI (193.8 ± 6.6), 3DSOS (173.9 ± 5.6), and GRASE (141.0 ± 2.7). 3DSOS, compared with 3DEPI, demonstrated comparable GuanCEST signal in gray matter (GM) (3DSOS: [2.14%-2.59%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.15%-2.61%]), and white matter (WM) (3DSOS: [1.49%-2.11%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.64%-2.09%]). 3DSOS also achieves significantly higher amideCEST in both GM (3DSOS: [2.29%-3.00%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.06%-2.92%]) and WM (3DSOS: [2.23%-2.66%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.95%-2.57%]). 3DSOS outperforms 3DEPI in terms of scan-rescan reliability (correlation coefficient: 3DSOS: 0.58-0.96 vs. 3DEPI: -0.02 to 0.75) and robustness to motion as well. CONCLUSION The 3DSOS CEST technique shows promise for whole-cerebrum CEST imaging, offering uniform contrast and robustness against motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Licheng Ju
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Blair
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Xie
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirbhay Yadav
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Olayinka Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yun SD, Küppers F, Shah NJ. Submillimeter fMRI Acquisition Techniques for Detection of Laminar and Columnar Level Brain Activation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:747-766. [PMID: 37589385 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstration in the early 1990s, functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as one of the most powerful, noninvasive neuroimaging tools to probe brain functions. Subsequently, fMRI techniques have advanced remarkably, enabling the acquisition of functional signals with a submillimeter voxel size. This innovation has opened the possibility of investigating subcortical neural activities with respect to the cortical depths or cortical columns. For this purpose, numerous previous works have endeavored to design suitable functional contrast mechanisms and dedicated imaging techniques. Depending on the choice of the functional contrast, functional signals can be detected with high sensitivity or with improved spatial specificity to the actual activation site, and the pertaining issues have been discussed in a number of earlier works. This review paper primarily aims to provide an overview of the subcortical fMRI techniques that allow the acquisition of functional signals with a submillimeter resolution. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of the imaging techniques will be described and compared. We also summarize supplementary imaging techniques that assist in the analysis of the subcortical brain activation for more accurate mapping with reduced geometric deformation. This review suggests that there is no single universally accepted method as the gold standard for subcortical fMRI. Instead, the functional contrast and the corresponding readout imaging technique should be carefully determined depending on the purpose of the study. Due to the technical limitations of current fMRI techniques, most subcortical fMRI studies have only targeted partial brain regions. As a future prospect, the spatiotemporal resolution of fMRI will be pushed to satisfy the community's need for a deeper understanding of whole-brain functions and the underlying connectivity in order to achieve the ultimate goal of a time-resolved and layer-specific spatial scale. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Dae Yun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian Küppers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Chang WT, Lin W, Giovanello KS. Enabling brain-wide mapping of directed functional connectivity at 3T via layer-dependent fMRI with draining-vein suppression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563835. [PMID: 37961360 PMCID: PMC10634801 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Layer-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers a compelling avenue for investigating directed functional connectivity (FC). To construct a comprehensive map of brain-wide directed FC, several technical criteria must be met, including sub-mm spatial resolution, adequate temporal resolution, functional sensitivity, global brain coverage, and high spatial specificity. Although gradient echo (GE)-based echo planar imaging (EPI) is commonly used for rapid fMRI acquisition, it faces significant challenges due to the draining-vein effect, particularly when utilizing blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. In this study, we mitigated this effect by incorporating velocity-nulling (VN) gradients into a GE-BOLD fMRI sequence, opting for a 3T magnetic field strength over 7T. We also integrated several advanced techniques, such as simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acceleration and NORDIC denoising, to enhance temporal resolution, spatial coverage, and signal sensitivity. Collectively, the VN fMRI method exhibited notable spatial specificity, as evidenced by the identification of double-peak activation patterns within the primary motor cortex (M1) during a finger-tapping task. Additionally, the technique demonstrated BOLD sensitivity in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Furthermore, our VN fMRI technique displayed superior robustness when compared to conventional fMRI approaches across participants. Our findings of directed FC elucidate several layer-specific functional relationships between different brain regions and align closely with existing literature. Given the widespread availability of 3T scanners, this technical advancement has the potential for significant impact across multiple domains of neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tang Chang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly S. Giovanello
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Zhang K, Chen L, Li Y, Paez AG, Miao X, Cao D, Gu C, Pekar JJ, van Zijl PCM, Hua J, Bakker A. Differential Laminar Activation Dissociates Encoding and Retrieval in the Human Medial and Lateral Entorhinal Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2874-2884. [PMID: 36948584 PMCID: PMC10124959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1488-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hierarchically organized structures of the medial temporal lobe are critically important for episodic memory function. Accumulating evidence suggests dissociable information processing pathways are maintained throughout these structures including in the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex. Cortical layers provide an additional dimension of dissociation as the primary input to the hippocampus derives from layer 2 neurons in the entorhinal cortex, whereas the deeper layers primarily receive output from the hippocampus. Here, novel high-resolution T2-prepared functional MRI methods were successfully used to mitigate susceptibility artifacts typically affecting MRI signals in this region providing uniform sensitivity across the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex. During the performance of a memory task, healthy human subjects (age 25-33 years, mean age 28.2 ± 3.3 years, 4 female) showed differential functional activation in the superficial and deep layers of the entorhinal cortex associated with task-related encoding and retrieval conditions, respectively. The methods provided here offer an approach to probe layer-specific activation in normal cognition and conditions contributing to memory impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides new evidence for differential neuronal activation in the superficial versus deep layers of the entorhinal cortex associated with encoding and retrieval memory processes, respectively, in cognitively normal adults. The study further shows that this dissociation can be observed in both the medial and the lateral entorhinal cortex. The study was achieved by using a novel functional MRI method allowing us to measure robust functional MRI signals in both the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex that was not possible in previous studies. The methodology established here in healthy human subjects lays a solid foundation for subsequent studies investigating layer-specific and region-specific changes in the entorhinal cortex associated with memory impairment in various conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Yinghao Li
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- Biomedical Engineering
| | - Adrian G Paez
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Xinyuan Miao
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Di Cao
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- Biomedical Engineering
| | - Chunming Gu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- Biomedical Engineering
| | - James J Pekar
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Jun Hua
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Miao X, Li Y, Zhou X, Luo Y, Paez AG, Liu D, van Zijl PCM, Hua J. Evaluation of T2-prepared blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging with an event-related task: Hemodynamic response function and reproducibility. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1114045. [PMID: 36937683 PMCID: PMC10017524 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T2-prepared (T2prep) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is an alternative fMRI approach developed to mitigate the susceptibility artifacts that are typically observed in brain regions near air-filled cavities, bleeding and calcification, and metallic objects in echo-planar-imaging (EPI) based fMRI images. Here, T2prep BOLD fMRI was evaluated in an event-related paradigm for the first time. Functional experiments were performed using gradient-echo (GRE) EPI, spin-echo (SE) EPI, and T2prep BOLD fMRI during an event-related visual task in 10 healthy human subjects. Each fMRI method was performed with a low (3.4 × 3.4 × 4 mm3) and a high (1.5 mm isotropic) spatial resolution on 3T and a high resolution (1.5 mm isotropic) on 7T. Robust activation were detected in the visual cortex with all three fMRI methods. In each group of fMRI scans (3T low resolution, 3T high resolution, and 7T high resolution), GRE EPI showed the highest signal change (ΔS/S), largest full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and longest time-to-peak (TTP) extracted from the hemodynamic response functions (HRF), indicating substantial signal contribution from large draining veins which have longer response times than microvessels. In contrast, T2prep BOLD showed the lowest ΔS/S, smallest FWHM, and shortest TTP, suggesting that T2prep BOLD may have a purer T2-weighted BOLD contrast that is more sensitive to microvessels compared to GRE/SE EPI BOLD. This trend was more obvious in fMRI scans performed with a lower spatial resolution on a lower field (3T with a 3.4 × 3.4 × 4 mm3 voxel). Scan-rescan reproducibility in the same subjects was comparable among the three fMRI methods. The results from the current study are expected to be useful to establish T2prep BOLD as a useful alternative fMRI approach for event-related fMRI in brain regions with large susceptibility artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Miao
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yinghao Li
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yu Luo
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian G. Paez
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jun Hua
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Zhu D, Qin Q. A revisit of the k-space filtering effects of magnetization-prepared 3D FLASH and balanced SSFP acquisitions: Analytical characterization of the point spread functions. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 88:76-88. [PMID: 35121068 PMCID: PMC8935658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D FLASH and balanced SSFP (bSSFP) are increasingly used in quantitative MRI after contrast preparation. The acquired k-space data are modulated by T1 relaxation (or additional T2 for bSSFP). Three separate sequence parameters including the number of phase-encoding steps per shot (N), flip angle (FA), and TR have made the transient state of rapid gradient echo (GRE) imaging difficult for analysis and optimization. Here we aim to analytically characterize the k-space filtering effect of magnetization-prepared FLASH and bSSFP with the point spread functions (PSF). METHODS The amplitude effect is characterized with the peak magnitude of the PSF, i.e. PSF(0), which, due to their approaching from transient state to steady-state for the GRE acquisitions, obeys a linear (with a slope and an intercept, not proportional) relationship with the prepared longitudinal magnetization (Mprep). The blurring effect is characterized by the FWHM of the PSF. The magnetization-prepared acquisition-dependent image contrast efficiency is characterized with the relative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) per unit time (ruCNR). RESULTS The slope of PSF(0) characterizes the relative contrast between different Mprep levels. The intercept of PSF(0) could lead to quantification bias for magnetization-prepared imaging. FLASH and bSSFP experience very little blurring effect, which is to the contrary of conventional fast spin echo (FSE). Analytical selections of N, FA, and TR are provided to optimize ruCNR for different scenarios. CONCLUSIONS PSFs of the FLASH and bSSFP acquisitions are analytically derived and numerically validated, and compared with the FSE acquisition, thus providing a useful tool for optimizing magnetization-prepared GRE acquisitions.
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7
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Sun K, Zhong Z, Dan G, Karaman M, Luo Q, Zhou XJ. Three-dimensional reduced field-of-view imaging (3D-rFOVI). Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:2372-2379. [PMID: 34894639 PMCID: PMC8847334 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at developing a 3D reduced field-of-view imaging (3D-rFOVI) technique using a 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulse, and demonstrating its ability to achieve isotropic high spatial resolution and reduced image distortion in echo planar imaging (EPI). METHODS The proposed 3D-rFOVI technique takes advantage of a 2D RF pulse to excite a slab along the conventional slice-selection direction (i.e., z-direction) while limiting the spatial extent along the phase-encoded direction (i.e., y-direction) within the slab. The slab is phase-encoded in both through-slab and in-slab phase-encoded directions. The 3D-rFOVI technique was implemented at 3T in gradient-echo and spin-echo EPI pulse sequences for functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), respectively. 3D-rFOVI experiments were performed on a phantom and human brain to illustrate image distortion reduction, as well as isotropic high spatial resolution, in comparison with 3D full-FOV imaging. RESULTS In both the phantom and the human brain, image voxel dislocation was substantially reduced by 3D-rFOVI when compared with full-FOV imaging. In the fMRI experiment with visual stimulation, 3D isotropic spatial resolution of (2 × 2 × 2 mm3 ) was achieved with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio (81.5) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast (2.5%). In the DWI experiment, diffusion-weighted brain images with an isotropic resolution of (1 × 1 × 1 mm3 ) was obtained without appreciable image distortion. CONCLUSION This study indicates that 3D-rFOVI is a viable approach to 3D neuroimaging over a zoomed region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibao Sun
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guangyu Dan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muge Karaman
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qingfei Luo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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8
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Li L, Law C, Marrett S, Chai Y, Huber L, Jezzard P, Bandettini P. Quantification of cerebral blood volume changes caused by visual stimulation at 3 T using DANTE-prepared dual-echo EPI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1846-1862. [PMID: 34817081 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigate the influence of moving blood-attenuation effects when using "delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation" (DANTE) pulses in conjunction with blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) of functional MRI (fMRI) at 3 T. Based on the effects of including DANTE pulses, we propose quantification of cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes following functional stimulation. METHODS Eighteen volunteers in total underwent fMRI scans at 3 T. Seven volunteers were scanned to investigate the effects of DANTE pulses on the fMRI signal. CBV changes in response to visual stimulation were quantified in 11 volunteers using a DANTE-prepared dual-echo EPI sequence. RESULTS The inflow effects from flowing blood in arteries and draining vein effects from flowing blood in large veins can be suppressed by use of a DANTE preparation module. Using DANTE-prepared dual-echo EPI, we quantitatively measured intravascular-weighted microvascular CBV changes of 25.4%, 29.8%, and 32.6% evoked by 1, 5, and 10 Hz visual stimulation, respectively. The extravascular fraction (∆S/S)extra at TE = 30 ms in total BOLD signal was determined to be 64.8 ± 3.4%, which is in line with previous extravascular component estimation at 3 T. Results show that the microvascular CBV changes are linearly dependent on total BOLD changes at TE = 30 ms with a slope of 0.113, and this relation is independent of stimulation frequency and subject. CONCLUSION The DANTE preparation pulses can be incorporated into a standard EPI fMRI sequence for the purpose of minimizing inflow effects and reducing draining veins effects in large vessels. Additionally, the DANTE-prepared dual-echo EPI sequence is a promising fast imaging tool for quantification of intravascular-weighted CBV change in the microvascular space at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Law
- Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sean Marrett
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuhui Chai
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurentius Huber
- MR-Methods Group, MBIC, FPN, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Jezzard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Bandettini
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Miao X, Paez AG, Rajan S, Cao D, Liu D, Pantelyat AY, Rosenthal LI, van Zijl PCM, Bassett SS, Yousem DM, Kamath V, Hua J. Functional Activities Detected in the Olfactory Bulb and Associated Olfactory Regions in the Human Brain Using T2-Prepared BOLD Functional MRI at 7T. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:723441. [PMID: 34588949 PMCID: PMC8476065 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.723441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a fundamental sense that plays a vital role in daily life in humans, and can be altered in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using conventional echo-planar-imaging (EPI) based sequences can be challenging in brain regions important for olfactory processing, such as the olfactory bulb (OB) and orbitofrontal cortex, mainly due to the signal dropout and distortion artifacts caused by large susceptibility effects from the sinonasal cavity and temporal bone. To date, few studies have demonstrated successful fMRI in the OB in humans. T2-prepared (T2prep) BOLD fMRI is an alternative approach developed especially for performing fMRI in regions affected by large susceptibility artifacts. The purpose of this technical study is to evaluate T2prep BOLD fMRI for olfactory functional experiments in humans. Olfactory fMRI scans were performed on 7T in 14 healthy participants. T2prep BOLD showed greater sensitivity than GRE EPI BOLD in the OB, orbitofrontal cortex and the temporal pole. Functional activation was detected using T2prep BOLD in the OB and associated olfactory regions. Habituation effects and a bi-phasic pattern of fMRI signal changes during olfactory stimulation were observed in all regions. Both positively and negatively activated regions were observed during olfactory stimulation. These signal characteristics are generally consistent with literature and showed a good intra-subject reproducibility comparable to previous human BOLD fMRI studies. In conclusion, the methodology demonstrated in this study holds promise for future olfactory fMRI studies in the OB and other brain regions that suffer from large susceptibility artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Miao
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian G Paez
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Suraj Rajan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Di Cao
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alex Y Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liana I Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David M Yousem
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jun Hua
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Pfaffenrot V, Voelker MN, Kashyap S, Koopmans PJ. Laminar fMRI using T 2-prepared multi-echo FLASH. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118163. [PMID: 34023449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast at a sub-millimeter scale is a promising technique to probe neural activity at the level of cortical layers. While gradient echo (GRE) BOLD sequences exhibit the highest sensitivity, their signal is confounded by unspecific extravascular (EV) and intravascular (IV) effects of large intracortical ascending veins and pial veins leading to a downstream blurring effect of local signal changes. In contrast, spin echo (SE) fMRI promises higher specificity towards signal changes near the microvascular compartment. However, the T2-weighted signal is typically sampled with a gradient echo readout imposing additional T2'-weighting. In this work, we used a T2-prepared (T2-prep) sequence with short GRE readouts to investigate its capability to acquire laminar fMRI data during a visual task in humans at 7 T. By varying the T2-prep echo time (TEprep) and acquiring multiple gradient echoes (TEGRE) per excitation, we studied the specificity of the sequence and the influence of possible confounding contributions to the shape of laminar fMRI profiles. By fitting and extrapolating the multi-echo GRE data to a TEGRE = 0 ms condition, we show for the first time laminar profiles free of T2'-pollution, confined to gray matter. This finding is independent of TEprep, except for the shortest one (31 ms) where hints of a remaining intravascular component can be seen. For TEGRE > 0 ms a prominent peak at the pial surface is observed that increases with longer TEGRE and dominates the shape of the profiles independent of the amount of T2-weighting. Simulations show that the peak at the pial surface is a result of static EV dephasing around pial vessels in CSF visible in GM due to partial voluming. Additionally, another, weaker, static dephasing effect is observed throughout all layers of the cortex, which is particularly obvious in the data with shortest T2-prep echo time. Our simulations show that this cannot be explained by intravascular dephasing but that it is likely caused by extravascular effects of the intracortical and pial veins. We conclude that even for TEGRE as short as 2.3 ms, the T2'-weighting added to the T2-weighting is enough to dramatically affect the laminar specificity of the BOLD signal change. However, the bulk of this corruption stems from CSF partial volume effects which can in principle be addressed by increasing the spatial resolution of the acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Pfaffenrot
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Maximilian N Voelker
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sriranga Kashyap
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Koopmans
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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11
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Klinkmueller P, Kronenbuerger M, Miao X, Bang J, Ultz KE, Paez A, Zhang X, Duan W, Margolis RL, van Zijl PCM, Ross CA, Hua J. Impaired response of cerebral oxygen metabolism to visual stimulation in Huntington's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1119-1130. [PMID: 32807001 PMCID: PMC8054727 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20949286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG triplet repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene. Metabolic and microvascular abnormalities in the brain may contribute to early physiological changes that subserve the functional impairments in HD. This study is intended to investigate potential abnormality in dynamic changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in the brain in response to functional stimulation in premanifest and early manifest HD patients. A recently developed 3-D-TRiple-acquisition-after-Inversion-Preparation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach was used to measure dynamic responses in CBV, CBF, and CMRO2 during visual stimulation in one single MRI scan. Experiments were conducted in 23 HD patients and 16 healthy controls. Decreased occipital cortex CMRO2 responses were observed in premanifest and early manifest HD patients compared to controls (P < 0.001), correlating with the CAG-Age Product scores in these patients (R2 = 0.4, P = 0.001). The results suggest the potential value of this reduced CMRO2 response during visual stimulation as a biomarker for HD and may illuminate the role of metabolic alterations in the pathophysiology of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klinkmueller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Kronenbuerger
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xinyuan Miao
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jee Bang
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kia E Ultz
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Paez
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter CM van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Hua
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Research on BOLD-fMRI Data Denoising Based on Bayesian Estimation and Adaptive Wavelet Threshold. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8819384. [PMID: 33628385 PMCID: PMC7884174 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8819384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) effect and the signals to be analyzed is based on weak changes in the magnetic field caused by small changes in blood oxygen physiological levels, which are weak signals and complex in noise. In order to model and analyze the pathological and hemodynamic parameters of BOLD-fMRI images effectively, it is urgent to use effective signal analysis techniques to reduce the interference of noise and artifacts. In this paper, the noise characteristics of functional magnetic resonance imaging and the traditional signal denoising methods are analyzed. The Bayesian decision criterion takes into account the probability of the total occurrence of all kinds of references and the loss caused by misjudgment and has strong discriminability. So, an improved adaptive wavelet threshold denoising method based on Bayesian estimation is proposed. By using the correlation characteristics of multiscale wavelet coefficients, the corresponding wavelet components of useful signals and noises are processed differently; while retaining useful frequency information, the noise is weakened to the greatest extent. The new adaptive threshold wavelet denoising method based on Bayesian estimation is applied to the actual experiment, and the results of OEF (oxygen extraction fraction) are optimized. A series of simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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13
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Xu F, Li W, Liu D, Zhu D, Schär M, Myers K, Qin Q. A novel spectrally selective fat saturation pulse design with robustness to B 0 and B 1 inhomogeneities: A demonstration on 3D T 1-weighted breast MRI at 3 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 75:156-161. [PMID: 33130057 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spectrally selective fat saturation (FatSat) sequence is commonly used to suppress signal from adipose tissue. Conventional SINC-shaped pulses are sensitive to B0 off-resonance and B1+ offset. Uniform fat saturation with large spatial coverage is especially challenging for the body and breast MRI. The aim of this study is to develop spectrally selective FatSat pulses that offer more immunity to B0/B1+ field inhomogeneities than SINC pulses and evaluate them in bilateral breast imaging at 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Optimized composite pulses (OCP) were designed based on the optimal control theory with robustness to a targeted B0/ B1+ conditions. OCP pulses also allows flexible flip angles to meet different requirements. Comparisons with the vendor-provided SINC pulses were conducted by numerical simulation and in vivo scans using a 3D T1-weighted (T1w) gradient-echo (GRE) sequence with coverage of the whole-breast. RESULTS Simulation revealed that OCP pulses yielded almost half of the transition band and much less sensitivity to B1+ inhomogeneity compared to SINC pulses with B0 off-resonance within ±200 Hz and B1+ scale error within ±0.3 (P < 0.001). Across five normal subjects, OCP FatSat pulses produced 25-41% lower residual fat signals (P < 0.05) with 27-36% less spatial variation (P < 0.05) than SINC. CONCLUSION In contrast to conventional SINC-shaped pulses, the newly designed OCP FatSat pulses mitigated challenges of wide range of B0/ B1+ field inhomogeneities and achieved more uniform fat suppression in bilateral breast T1w imaging at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wenbo Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dapeng Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schär
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly Myers
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Miao X, Wu Y, Liu D, Jiang H, Woods D, Stern MT, Blair NIS, Airan RD, Bettegowda C, Rosch KS, Qin Q, van Zijl PCM, Pillai JJ, Hua J. Whole-Brain Functional and Diffusion Tensor MRI in Human Participants with Metallic Orthodontic Braces. Radiology 2020; 294:149-157. [PMID: 31714192 PMCID: PMC6939835 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background MRI performed with echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences is sensitive to susceptibility artifacts in the presence of metallic objects, which presents a substantial barrier for performing functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with metallic orthodontic material and other head implants. Purpose To evaluate the ability to reduce susceptibility artifacts in healthy human participants wearing metallic orthodontic braces for two alternative approaches: T2-prepared functional MRI and diffusion-prepared DTI with three-dimensional fast gradient-echo readout. Materials and Methods In this prospective study conducted from February to September 2018, T2-prepared functional MRI and diffusion-prepared DTI were performed in healthy human participants. Removable dental braces with bonding trays were used so that MRI could be performed with braces and without braces in the same participants. Results were evaluated in regions with strong (EPI dropout regions for functional MRI and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus for DTI) and minimal (motor cortex for functional MRI and the posterior limb of internal capsule for DTI) susceptibility artifacts. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio for functional MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy for DTI, and degree of distortion (quantified with the Jaccard index, which measures the similarity of geometric shapes) were compared in regions with strong or minimal susceptibility effects between the current standard EPI sequences and the proposed alternatives by using paired t test. Results Six participants were evaluated (mean age ± standard deviation, 40 years ± 6; three women). In brain regions with strong susceptibility effects from the metallic braces, T2-prepared functional MRI showed significantly higher SNR (37.8 ± 2.4 vs 15.5 ± 5.3; P < .001) and contrast-to-noise ratio (0.83 ± 0.16 vs 0.29 ± 0.10; P < .001), whereas diffusion-prepared DTI showed higher SNR (5.8 ± 1.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.7; P = .03) than did conventional EPI methods. Apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy were consistent with the literature. Geometric distortion was substantially reduced throughout the brain with the proposed methods (significantly higher Jaccard index, 0.95 ± 0.12 vs 0.81 ± 0.61; P < .001). Conclusion T2-prepared functional MRI and diffusion-prepared diffusion tensor imaging can acquire functional and diffusion MRI, respectively, in healthy human participants wearing metallic dental braces with less susceptibility artifacts and geometric distortion than with conventional echo-planar imaging. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Dietrich in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dapeng Liu
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Hangyi Jiang
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - David Woods
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Moshe T. Stern
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Nicholas I. S. Blair
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Raag D. Airan
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Keri S. Rosch
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Qin Qin
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Jay J. Pillai
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
| | - Jun Hua
- From the Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Md 21205 (X.M., Y.W., D.L., H.J.,
Q.Q., P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain
Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (X.M., Y.W., D.L., Q.Q.,
P.C.M.v.Z., J.H.); Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (Y.W.); Department of Orthodontics and
Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
(D.W., M.T.S.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md (N.I.S.B.); Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (R.D.A., J.J.P.); Department of Neurosurgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (C.B., J.J.P.);
Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of
Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.); and
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.S.R.)
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15
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Duran AH, Duran MN, Masood I, Maciolek LM, Hussain H. The Additional Diagnostic Value of the Three-dimensional Volume Rendering Imaging in Routine Radiology Practice. Cureus 2019; 11:e5579. [PMID: 31695998 PMCID: PMC6820665 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional volume rendering (3DVR) is useful in a wide variety of medical-imaging applications. The increasingly advanced capabilities of CT and MRI to acquire volumetric data sets with isotropic voxels have resulted in the increased use of the 3DVR techniques for clinical applications. The two most commonly used techniques are the maximum intensity projection (MIP) and, more recently, 3DVR. Several kinds of medical imaging data could be reconstructed for 3D display, including CT, MRI, and ultrasonography (US). In particular, the 3D CT imaging has been developed, improved, and widely used of late. Understanding the mechanisms of 3DVR is essential for the accurate evaluation of the resulting images. Although further research is required to detect the efficiency of 3DVR in radiological applications, with wider availability and improved diagnostic performance, 3DVR is likely to enjoy widespread acceptance in the radiology practice going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irfan Masood
- Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | | | - Huda Hussain
- Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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16
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van Zijl P, Knutsson L. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Technological advances and opportunities for applications continue to abound. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:55-65. [PMID: 31377150 PMCID: PMC6703925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the field of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) has built up an impressive repertoire of data acquisition and analysis technologies for anatomical, functional, physiological, and molecular imaging, the description of which requires many book volumes. As such it is impossible for a few authors to have an authoritative overview of the field and for a brief article to be inclusive. We will therefore focus mainly on data acquisition and attempt to give some insight into the principles underlying current advanced methods in the field and the potential for further innovation. In our view, the foreseeable future is expected to show continued rapid progress, for instance in imaging of microscopic tissue properties in vivo, assessment of functional and anatomical connectivity, higher resolution physiologic and metabolic imaging, and even imaging of receptor binding. In addition, acquisition speed and information content will continue to increase due to the continuous development of approaches for parallel imaging (including simultaneous multi-slice imaging), compressed sensing, and MRI fingerprinting. Finally, artificial intelligence approaches are becoming more realistic and will have a tremendous effect on both acquisition and analysis strategies. Together, these developments will continue to provide opportunity for scientific discovery and, in combination with large data sets from other fields such as genomics, allow the ultimate realization of precision medicine in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Zijl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Strategies and prospects for cortical depth dependent T2 and T2* weighted BOLD fMRI studies. Neuroimage 2019; 197:668-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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18
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How to choose the right MR sequence for your research question at 7 T and above? Neuroimage 2018; 168:119-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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19
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Ultra-high field MRI: Advancing systems neuroscience towards mesoscopic human brain function. Neuroimage 2018; 168:345-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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20
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Huber L, Ivanov D, Handwerker DA, Marrett S, Guidi M, Uludağ K, Bandettini PA, Poser BA. Techniques for blood volume fMRI with VASO: From low-resolution mapping towards sub-millimeter layer-dependent applications. Neuroimage 2018; 164:131-143. [PMID: 27867088 PMCID: PMC5436958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI has the potential to overcome several specific limitations of BOLD fMRI. It provides direct physiological interpretability and promises superior localization specificity in applications of sub-millimeter resolution fMRI applications at ultra-high magnetic fields (7T and higher). Non-invasive CBV fMRI using VASO (vascular space occupancy), however, is inherently limited with respect to its data acquisition efficiency, restricting its imaging coverage and achievable spatial and temporal resolution. This limitation may be reduced with recent advanced acceleration and reconstruction strategies that allow two-dimensional acceleration, such as in simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) 2D-EPI or 3D-EPI in combination with CAIPIRINHA field-of-view shifting. In this study, we sought to determine the functional sensitivity and specificity of these readout strategies with VASO over a broad range of spatial resolutions; spanning from low spatial resolution (3mm) whole-cortex to sub-millimeter (0.75mm) slab-of-cortex (for cortical layer-dependent applications). In the thermal-noise-dominated regime of sub-millimeter resolutions, 3D-EPI-VASO provides higher temporal stability and sensitivity to detect changes in CBV compared to 2D-EPI-VASO. In this regime, 3D-EPI-VASO unveils task activation located in the cortical laminae with little contamination from surface veins, in contrast to the cortical surface weighting of GE-BOLD fMRI. In the physiological-noise-dominated regime of lower resolutions, however, 2D-SMS-VASO shows superior performance compared to 3D-EPI-VASO. Due to its superior sensitivity at a layer-dependent level, 3D-EPI VASO promises to play an important role in future neuroscientific applications of layer-dependent fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentius Huber
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Dimo Ivanov
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciencve, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Maria Guidi
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciencve, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; FMRIF, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciencve, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Huber L, Handwerker DA, Jangraw DC, Chen G, Hall A, Stüber C, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Ivanov D, Marrett S, Guidi M, Goense J, Poser BA, Bandettini PA. High-Resolution CBV-fMRI Allows Mapping of Laminar Activity and Connectivity of Cortical Input and Output in Human M1. Neuron 2017; 96:1253-1263.e7. [PMID: 29224727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Layer-dependent fMRI allows measurements of information flow in cortical circuits, as afferent and efferent connections terminate in different cortical layers. However, it is unknown to what level human fMRI is specific and sensitive enough to reveal directional functional activity across layers. To answer this question, we developed acquisition and analysis methods for blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral-blood-volume (CBV)-based laminar fMRI and used these to discriminate four different tasks in the human motor cortex (M1). In agreement with anatomical data from animal studies, we found evidence for somatosensory and premotor input in superficial layers of M1 and for cortico-spinal motor output in deep layers. Laminar resting-state fMRI showed directional functional connectivity of M1 with somatosensory and premotor areas. Our findings demonstrate that CBV-fMRI can be used to investigate cortical activity in humans with unprecedented detail, allowing investigations of information flow between brain regions and outperforming conventional BOLD results that are often buried under vascular biases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carsten Stüber
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10044, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Dimo Ivanov
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Guidi
- NMR Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jozien Goense
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229, the Netherlands
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22
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Cao P, Zhu X, Tang S, Leynes A, Jakary A, Larson PEZ. Shuffled magnetization-prepared multicontrast rapid gradient-echo imaging. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:62-70. [PMID: 29080236 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel acquisition and reconstruction method for magnetization-prepared 3-dimensional multicontrast rapid gradient-echo imaging, using Hankel matrix completion in combination with compressed sensing and parallel imaging. METHODS A random k-space shuffling strategy was implemented in simulation and in vivo human experiments at 7 T for 3-dimensional inversion recovery, T2 /diffusion preparation, and magnetization transfer imaging. We combined compressed sensing, based on total variation and spatial-temporal low-rank regularizations, and parallel imaging with pixel-wise Hankel matrix completion, allowing the reconstruction of tens of multicontrast 3-dimensional images from 3- or 6-min scans. RESULTS The simulation result showed that the proposed method can reconstruct signal-recovery curves in each voxel and was robust for typical in vivo signal-to-noise ratio with 16-times acceleration. In vivo studies achieved 4 to 24 times accelerations for inversion recovery, T2 /diffusion preparation, and magnetization transfer imaging. Furthermore, the contrast was improved by resolving pixel-wise signal-recovery curves after magnetization preparation. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method can improve acquisition efficiencies for magnetization-prepared MRI and tens of multicontrast 3-dimensional images could be recovered from a single scan. Furthermore, it was robust against noise, applicable for recovering multi-exponential signals, and did not require any previous knowledge of model parameters. Magn Reson Med 79:62-70, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Leynes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angela Jakary
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Hua J, Miao X, Agarwal S, Bettegowda C, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Laterra J, Van Zijl PCM, Pekar JJ, Pillai JJ. Language Mapping Using T2-Prepared BOLD Functional MRI in the Presence of Large Susceptibility Artifacts-Initial Results in Patients With Brain Tumor and Epilepsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:105-113. [PMID: 28804779 PMCID: PMC5552052 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At present, presurgical functional mapping is the most prevalent clinical application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Signal dropouts and distortions caused by susceptibility effects in the current standard echo planar imaging (EPI)-based fMRI images are well-known problems and pose a major hurdle for the application of fMRI in several brain regions, many of which are related to language mapping in presurgical planning. Such artifacts are particularly problematic in patients with previous surgical resection cavities, craniotomy hardware, hemorrhage, and vascular malformation. A recently developed T2-prepared (T2prep) fMRI approach showed negligible distortion and dropouts in the entire brain even in the presence of large susceptibility effects. Here, we present initial results comparing T2prep- and multiband EPI-fMRI scans for presurgical language mapping using a sentence completion task in patients with brain tumor and epilepsy. In all patients scanned, T2prep-fMRI showed minimal image artifacts (distortion and dropout) and greater functional sensitivity than EPI-fMRI around the lesions containing blood products and in air-filled cavities. This enhanced sensitivity in T2prep-fMRI was also evidenced by the fact that functional activation during the sentence completion task was detected with T2prep-fMRI but not with EPI-fMRI in the affected areas with the same statistical threshold, whereas cerebrovascular reactivity during a breath-hold task was preserved in these same regions, implying intact neurovascular coupling in these patients. Although further investigations are required to validate these findings with invasive methods such as direct cortical stimulation mapping as the gold standard, this approach provides an alternative method for performing fMRI in brain regions with large susceptibility effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xinyuan Miao
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shruti Agarwal
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C M Van Zijl
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James J Pekar
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jay J Pillai
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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De Martino F, Yacoub E, Kemper V, Moerel M, Uludağ K, De Weerd P, Ugurbil K, Goebel R, Formisano E. The impact of ultra-high field MRI on cognitive and computational neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2017; 168:366-382. [PMID: 28396293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to measure functional brain responses non-invasively with ultra high field MRI (7 T and above) represents a unique opportunity in advancing our understanding of the human brain. Compared to lower fields (3 T and below), ultra high field MRI has an increased sensitivity, which can be used to acquire functional images with greater spatial resolution, and greater specificity of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal to the underlying neuronal responses. Together, increased resolution and specificity enable investigating brain functions at a submillimeter scale, which so far could only be done with invasive techniques. At this mesoscopic spatial scale, perception, cognition and behavior can be probed at the level of fundamental units of neural computations, such as cortical columns, cortical layers, and subcortical nuclei. This represents a unique and distinctive advantage that differentiates ultra high from lower field imaging and that can foster a tighter link between fMRI and computational modeling of neural networks. So far, functional brain mapping at submillimeter scale has focused on the processing of sensory information and on well-known systems for which extensive information is available from invasive recordings in animals. It remains an open challenge to extend this methodology to uniquely human functions and, more generally, to systems for which animal models may be problematic. To succeed, the possibility to acquire high-resolution functional data with large spatial coverage, the availability of computational models of neural processing as well as accurate biophysical modeling of neurovascular coupling at mesoscopic scale all appear necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico De Martino
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 sixth street SE, 55455 Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 sixth street SE, 55455 Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Valentin Kemper
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Moerel
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Center for System Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Weerd
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 sixth street SE, 55455 Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elia Formisano
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Maastricht Center for System Biology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Quevenco FC, Preti MG, van Bergen JMG, Hua J, Wyss M, Li X, Schreiner SJ, Steininger SC, Meyer R, Meier IB, Brickman AM, Leh SE, Gietl AF, Buck A, Nitsch RM, Pruessmann KP, van Zijl PCM, Hock C, Van De Ville D, Unschuld PG. Memory performance-related dynamic brain connectivity indicates pathological burden and genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:24. [PMID: 28359293 PMCID: PMC5374623 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) strongly relates to advanced age and progressive deposition of cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau, and iron. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cerebral dynamic functional connectivity and variability of long-term cognitive performance in healthy, elderly subjects, allowing for local pathology and genetic risk. METHODS Thirty seven participants (mean (SD) age 74 (6.0) years, Mini-Mental State Examination 29.0 (1.2)) were dichotomized based on repeated neuropsychological test performance within 2 years. Cerebral Aβ was measured by 11C Pittsburgh Compound-B positron emission tomography, and iron by quantitative susceptibility mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at an ultra-high field strength of 7 Tesla (7T). Dynamic functional connectivity patterns were investigated by resting-state functional MRI at 7T and tested for interactive effects with genetic AD risk (apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-ε4 carrier status). RESULTS A relationship between low episodic memory and a lower expression of anterior-posterior connectivity was seen (F(9,27) = 3.23, p < 0.008), moderated by ApoE-ε4 (F(9,27) = 2.22, p < 0.005). Inherent node-strength was related to local iron (F(5,30) = 13.2; p < 0.022). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that altered dynamic anterior-posterior brain connectivity is a characteristic of low memory performance in the subclinical range and genetic risk for AD in the elderly. As the observed altered brain network properties are associated with increased local iron, our findings may reflect secondary neuronal changes due to pathologic processes including oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Quevenco
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria G Preti
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiri M G van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon J Schreiner
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie C Steininger
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene B Meier
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Sandra E Leh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Minervastr.145, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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A three-dimensional single-scan approach for the measurement of changes in cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and blood oxygenation-weighted signals during functional stimulation. Neuroimage 2017; 147:976-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the investigation of cerebrovascular diseases. Compared with computed tomography (CT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), its advantages in diagnosing cerebrovascular pathology include its superior tissue contrast, its ability to visualize blood vessels without the use of a contrast agent, and its use of magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses instead of ionizing radiation. In recent years, ultrahigh field MRI at 7 tesla (7 T) has shown promise in the diagnosis of many cerebrovascular diseases. The increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; 2.3x and 4.7x increase compared with 3 and 1.5 T, respectively) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at this higher field strength can be exploited to obtain a higher spatial resolution and higher lesion conspicuousness, enabling assessment of smaller brain structures and lesions. Cerebrovascular diseases can be assessed at different tissue levels; for instance, changes of the arteries feeding the brain can be visualized to determine the cause of ischemic stroke, regional changes in brain perfusion can be mapped to predict outcome after revascularization, and tissue damage, including old and recent ischemic infarcts, can be evaluated as a marker of ischemic burden. For the purpose of this review, we will discriminate 3 levels of assessment of cerebrovascular diseases using MRI: Pipes, Perfusion, and Parenchyma (3 Ps). The term Pipes refers to the brain-feeding arteries from the heart and aortic arch, upwards to the carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis, and smaller intracranial arterial branches. Perfusion is the amount of blood arriving at the brain tissue level, and includes the vascular reserve and perfusion territories. Parenchyma refers to the acute and chronic burden of brain tissue damage, which includes larger infarcts, smaller microinfarcts, and small vessel disease manifestations such as white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, and microbleeds. In this review, we will describe the key developments in the last decade of 7-T MRI of cerebrovascular diseases, subdivided for these 3 levels of assessment.
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28
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van Bergen JMG, Li X, Hua J, Schreiner SJ, Steininger SC, Quevenco FC, Wyss M, Gietl AF, Treyer V, Leh SE, Buck F, Nitsch RM, Pruessmann KP, van Zijl PCM, Hock C, Unschuld PG. Colocalization of cerebral iron with Amyloid beta in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35514. [PMID: 27748454 PMCID: PMC5066274 DOI: 10.1038/srep35514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) MRI at 7 Tesla and 11-Carbon Pittsburgh-Compound-B PET were used for investigating the relationship between brain iron and Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque-load in a context of increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), as reflected by the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE-e4) allele and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly subjects. Carriers of APOE-e4 with normal cognition had higher cortical Aβ-plaque-load than non-carriers. In MCI an association between APOE-e4 and higher Aβ-plaque-load was observable both for cortical and subcortical brain-regions. APOE-e4 and MCI was also associated with higher cortical iron. Moreover, cerebral iron significantly affected functional coupling, and was furthermore associated with increased Aβ-plaque-load (R2-adjusted = 0.80, p < 0.001) and APOE-e4 carrier status (p < 0.001) in MCI. This study confirms earlier reports on an association between increased brain iron-burden and risk for neurocognitive dysfunction due to AD, and indicates that disease-progression is conferred by spatial colocalization of brain iron deposits with Aβ-plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M G van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - X Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Hua
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S J Schreiner
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S C Steininger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F C Quevenco
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S E Leh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.,Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Kemper VG, De Martino F, Yacoub E, Goebel R. Variable flip angle 3D-GRASE for high resolution fMRI at 7 tesla. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:897-904. [PMID: 26390180 PMCID: PMC4801698 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of variable flip angle refocusing pulse trains in single-shot three-dimensional gradient and spin-echo (3D-GRASE) to reduce blurring and increase the spatial coverage for high spatial resolution T2 -weighted functional MRI at 7 Tesla. METHODS Variable flip angle refocusing schemes in 3D-GRASE were calculated based on extended phase graph theory. The blurring along the slice (partition) direction was evaluated in simulations, as well as phantom and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, temporal stability and functional sensitivity at 0.8 mm isotropic resolution were assessed. RESULTS Variable flip angle refocusing schemes yielded significantly reduced blurring compared with conventional refocusing schemes, with the full width at half maximum being approximately 30-40% narrower. Simultaneously, spatial coverage could be increased by 80%. The temporal signal-to-noise ratio was slightly reduced, but functional sensitivity was largely maintained due to increased functional contrast in the variable flip angle acquisitions. Signal-to-noise ratio and functional sensitivity were reduced more strongly in areas with insufficient radiofrequency transmission indicating higher sensitivity to experimental imperfections. CONCLUSION Variable flip angle refocusing schemes increase usability of 3D-GRASE for high-resolution functional MRI by reducing blurring and allowing increased spatial coverage. Magn Reson Med 76:897-904, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin G. Kemper
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Federico De Martino
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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30
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van der Zwaag W, Schäfer A, Marques JP, Turner R, Trampel R. Recent applications of UHF-MRI in the study of human brain function and structure: a review. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1274-1288. [PMID: 25762497 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increased availability of ultra-high-field (UHF) MRI has led to its application in a wide range of neuroimaging studies, which are showing promise in transforming fundamental approaches to human neuroscience. This review presents recent work on structural and functional brain imaging, at 7 T and higher field strengths. After a short outline of the effects of high field strength on MR images, the rapidly expanding literature on UHF applications of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-based functional MRI is reviewed. Structural imaging is then discussed, divided into sections on imaging weighted by relaxation time, including quantitative relaxation time mapping, phase imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping, angiography, diffusion-weighted imaging, and finally magnetization-transfer imaging. The final section discusses studies using the high spatial resolution available at UHF to identify explicit links between structure and function. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske van der Zwaag
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José P Marques
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Turner
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Spinoza Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SPMMRC, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert Trampel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Cao Z, Donahue MJ, Ma J, Grissom WA. Joint design of large-tip-angle parallel RF pulses and blipped gradient trajectories. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1198-208. [PMID: 25916408 PMCID: PMC4624053 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design multichannel large-tip-angle kT-points and spokes radiofrequency (RF) pulses and gradient waveforms for transmit field inhomogeneity compensation in high field magnetic resonance imaging. THEORY AND METHODS An algorithm to design RF subpulse weights and gradient blip areas is proposed to minimize a magnitude least-squares cost function that measures the difference between realized and desired state parameters in the spin domain, and penalizes integrated RF power. The minimization problem is solved iteratively with interleaved target phase updates, RF subpulse weights updates using the conjugate gradient method with optimal control-based derivatives, and gradient blip area updates using the conjugate gradient method. Two-channel parallel transmit simulations and experiments were conducted in phantoms and human subjects at 7 T to demonstrate the method and compare it to small-tip-angle-designed pulses and circularly polarized excitations. RESULTS The proposed algorithm designed more homogeneous and accurate 180° inversion and refocusing pulses than other methods. It also designed large-tip-angle pulses on multiple frequency bands with independent and joint phase relaxation. Pulses designed by the method improved specificity and contrast-to-noise ratio in a finger-tapping spin echo blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging study, compared with circularly polarized mode refocusing. CONCLUSION A joint RF and gradient waveform design algorithm was proposed and validated to improve large-tip-angle inversion and refocusing at ultrahigh field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cao
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jun Ma
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - William A. Grissom
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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32
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Dyvorne H, Balchandani P. Slice-selective adiabatic magnetization T 2 -preparation (SAMPA) for efficient T 2 -weighted imaging at ultrahigh field strengths. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1741-1749. [PMID: 26619960 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE At high field, T2 -weighted (T2 w) imaging is limited by transmit field inhomogeneity and increased radiofrequency power deposition. In this work, we introduce SAMPA (Slice-selective Adiabatic Magnetization T2 PrepAration) and demonstrate its use for efficient brain T2 w imaging at 7 Tesla (T). METHODS SAMPA was designed by subsampling an optimized B1 insensitive rotation (BIR4) waveform with small tip angle linear subpulses. To perform T2 w imaging, SAMPA was inserted before a fast gradient echo acquisition. The off-resonance behavior, B1 robustness, and slice selectivity of the novel T2 preparation module were analyzed using Bloch simulations. The performance of SAMPA for T2 w imaging was demonstrated in phantom experiments as well as in the brains of healthy volunteers at 7T. RESULTS Based on simulations, the proposed design operates at peak B1 of 15 μT and higher, within a 400 Hz bandwidth. T2 values were in strong agreement with spin echo-based T2 mapping in phantom experiments. Whole brain, interleaved multislab three-dimensional imaging could be acquired with 0.8 mm3 isotropic resolution in 5:36 min per T2 weighting. CONCLUSION Compared with previous adiabatic T2 preparation techniques, SAMPA allows for slice-selectivity, which can lead to efficient and robust acquisitions for T2 w imaging at high field. Magn Reson Med 76:1741-1749, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Dyvorne
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priti Balchandani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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33
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Solana AB, Menini A, Sacolick LI, Hehn N, Wiesinger F. Quiet and distortion-free, whole brain BOLD fMRI using T2
-prepared RUFIS. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:1402-12. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolas Hehn
- GE Global Research; Munich Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
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34
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Wang Y, Moeller S, Li X, Vu AT, Krasileva K, Ugurbil K, Yacoub E, Wang DJJ. Simultaneous multi-slice Turbo-FLASH imaging with CAIPIRINHA for whole brain distortion-free pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling at 3 and 7 T. Neuroimage 2015; 113:279-88. [PMID: 25837601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) or multiband (MB) imaging has recently been attempted for arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI in conjunction with echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout. It was found that SMS-EPI can reduce the T1 relaxation effect of the label and improve image coverage and resolution with little penalty in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, EPI still suffers from geometric distortion and signal dropout from field inhomogeneity effects especially at high and ultrahigh magnetic fields. Here we present a novel scheme for achieving high fidelity distortion-free quantitative perfusion imaging by combining pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) with SMS Turbo-FLASH (TFL) readout at both 3 and 7 T. Bloch equation simulation was performed to characterize and optimize the TFL-based pCASL perfusion signal. Two MB factors (3 and 5) were implemented in SMS-TFL pCASL and compared with standard 2D TFL and EPI pCASL sequences. The temporal SNR of SMS-TFL pCASL relative to that of standard TFL pCASL was 0.76 ± 0.10 and 0.74 ± 0.11 at 7 T and 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.65 ± 0.05 at 3T for MB factor of 3 and 5, respectively. By implementing background suppression in conjunction with SMS-TFL at 3T, the relative temporal SNR improved to 0.84 ± 0.09 and 0.79 ± 0.10 for MB factor of 3 and 5, respectively. Compared to EPI pCASL, significantly increased temporal SNR (p<0.001) and improved visualization of orbitofrontal cortex were achieved using SMS-TFL pCASL. By combining SMS acceleration with TFL pCASL, we demonstrated the feasibility for whole brain distortion-free quantitative mapping of cerebral blood flow at high and ultrahigh magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - An T Vu
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kate Krasileva
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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35
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Cheng Y, van Zijl PCM, Pekar JJ, Hua J. Three-dimensional acquisition of cerebral blood volume and flow responses during functional stimulation in a single scan. Neuroimage 2014; 103:533-541. [PMID: 25152092 PMCID: PMC4252776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the BOLD scan, quantitative functional MRI studies require measurement of both cerebral blood volume (CBV) and flow (CBF) dynamics. The ability to detect CBV and CBF responses in a single additional scan would shorten the total scan time and reduce temporal variations. Several approaches for simultaneous CBV and CBF measurement during functional MRI experiments have been proposed in two-dimensional (2D) mode covering one to three slices in one repetition time (TR). Here, we extended the principles from previous work and present a three-dimensional (3D) whole-brain MRI approach that combines the vascular-space-occupancy (VASO) and flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques, allowing the measurement of CBV and CBF dynamics, respectively, in a single scan. 3D acquisitions are complicated for such a scan combination as the time to null blood signal during a steady state needs to be known. We estimated this using Bloch simulations and demonstrate that the resulting 3D acquisition can detect activation patterns and relative signal changes of quality comparable to that of the original separate scans. The same was found for temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). This approach provides improved acquisition efficiency when both CBV and CBF responses need to be monitored during a functional task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Pekar
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Hua
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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