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Emeliyanova P, Parkes LM, Williams SR, Lea-Carnall C. Evidence for biexponential glutamate T 2 relaxation in human visual cortex at 3T: A functional MRS study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5240. [PMID: 39188210 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) measures dynamic changes in metabolite concentration in response to neural stimulation. The biophysical basis of these changes remains unclear. One hypothesis suggests that an increase or decrease in the glutamate signal detected by fMRS could be due to neurotransmitter movements between cellular compartments with different T2 relaxation times. Previous studies reporting glutamate (Glu) T2 values have generally sampled at echo times (TEs) within the range of 30-450 ms, which is not adequate to observe a component with short T2 (<20 ms). Here, we acquire MRS measurements for Glu, (t) total creatine (tCr) and total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) from the visual cortex in 14 healthy participants at a range of TE values between 9.3-280 ms during short blocks (64 s) of flickering checkerboards and rest to examine both the short- and long-T2 components of the curve. We fit monoexponential and biexponential Glu, tCr and tNAA T2 relaxation curves for rest and stimulation and use Akaike information criterion to assess best model fit. We also include power calculations for detection of a 2% shift of Glu between compartments for each TE. Using pooled data over all participants at rest, we observed a short Glu T2-component with T2 = 10 ms and volume fraction of 0.35, a short tCr T2-component with T2 = 26 ms and volume fraction of 0.25 and a short tNAA T2-component around 15 ms with volume fraction of 0.34. No statistically significant change in Glu, tCr and tNAA signal during stimulation was detected at any TE. The volume fractions of short-T2 component between rest and active conditions were not statistically different. This study provides evidence for a short T2-component for Glu, tCr and tNAA but no evidence to support the hypothesis of task-related changes in glutamate distribution between short and long T2 compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Emeliyanova
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Laura M Parkes
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen R Williams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Caroline Lea-Carnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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2
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Maruyama S, Takeshima H. Generating Synthetic MR Spectroscopic Imaging Data with Generative Adversarial Networks to Train Machine Learning Models. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024:mp.2023-0125. [PMID: 39010240 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2023-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new method to generate synthetic MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data for training machine learning models. METHODS This study targeted routine MRI examination protocols with single voxel spectroscopy (SVS). A novel model derived from pix2pix generative adversarial networks was proposed to generate synthetic MRSI data using MRI and SVS data as inputs. T1- and T2-weighted, SVS, and reference MRSI data were acquired from healthy brains with clinically available sequences. The proposed model was trained to generate synthetic MRSI data. Quantitative evaluation involved the calculation of the mean squared error (MSE) against the reference and metabolite ratio value. The effect of the location of and the number of the SVS data on the quality of the synthetic MRSI data was investigated using the MSE. RESULTS The synthetic MRSI data generated from the proposed model were visually closer to the reference. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the metabolite ratio value of synthetic MRSI data overlapped with the reference for seven of eight metabolite ratios. The MSEs tended to be lower in the same location than in different locations. The MSEs among groups of numbers of SVS data were not significantly different. CONCLUSION A new method was developed to generate MRSI data by integrating MRI and SVS data. Our method can potentially increase the volume of MRSI data training for other machine learning models by adding SVS acquisition to routine MRI examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuki Maruyama
- Imaging Modality Group, Advanced Technology Research Department, Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takeshima
- Advanced Technology Research Department, Research and Development Center, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Zhang Y, Shen J. Quantification of spatially localized MRS by a novel deep learning approach without spectral fitting. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1282-1296. [PMID: 37183798 PMCID: PMC10524908 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a novel end-to-end deep learning model to quantify absolute metabolite concentrations from in vivo J-point resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) without using spectral fitting. METHODS A novel encoder-decoder-style neural network was created, which was trained to predict metabolite concentrations and individual component signals concurrently from 3T JPRESS data in the time domain. The training data set contained 100 000 samples created by spin-density simulations using experimentally used RF pulses. Concentrations, phase, frequencies, linewidths, and T2 relaxation times in the training data set were varied over a large range with uniform distributions. Random synthesized noise and extraneous signals were added to the data set. Two thousand validation samples were created similarly to the training data set but with mean concentrations close to in vivo values. An in vivo test was conducted with 20 samples acquired from the human brain. RESULTS Both validation and in vivo test results showed that the proposed model successfully predicted metabolite concentrations as well as individual metabolite signals without involving spectral fitting, while extraneous peaks or unregistered signals were filtered out. Compared with the short-TE spectral fitting by LCModel, the proposed method had the advantage that the undesired correlations between the estimated concentrations and noise levels and between metabolites were eliminated or substantially reduced. CONCLUSION The proposed method provides a working deep learning model that directly maps in vivo JPRESS data to metabolite concentrations. Because spectral fitting is not used, the trained model does not depend on the assumptions associated with parameter tuning when applied to in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Gudmundson AT, Koo A, Virovka A, Amirault AL, Soo M, Cho JH, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Stark CEL. Meta-analysis and open-source database for in vivo brain Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in health and disease. Anal Biochem 2023; 676:115227. [PMID: 37423487 PMCID: PMC10561665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton (1H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo. Prioritization of standardization and accessibility in the field has led to the development of universal pulse sequences, methodological consensus recommendations, and the development of open-source analysis software packages. One on-going challenge is methodological validation with ground-truth data. As ground-truths are rarely available for in vivo measurements, data simulations have become an important tool. The diverse literature of metabolite measurements has made it challenging to define ranges to be used within simulations. Especially for the development of deep learning and machine learning algorithms, simulations must be able to produce accurate spectra capturing all the nuances of in vivo data. Therefore, we sought to determine the physiological ranges and relaxation rates of brain metabolites which can be used both in data simulations and as reference estimates. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we've identified relevant MRS research articles and created an open-source database containing methods, results, and other article information as a resource. Using this database, expectation values and ranges for metabolite concentrations and T2 relaxation times are established based upon a meta-analyses of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annie Koo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna Virovka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa L Amirault
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Madelene Soo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn H Cho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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5
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An L, Shen J. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy by transverse relaxation encoding with narrowband decoupling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12211. [PMID: 37500714 PMCID: PMC10374641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders has mainly been accessible by analyzing postmortem tissue samples. Although molecular transverse relaxation informs local cellular microenvironment via molecule-environment interactions, precise determination of the transverse relaxation times of molecules with scalar couplings (J), such as glutamate and glutamine, has been difficult using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technologies, whose approach to measuring transverse relaxation has not changed for decades. We introduce an in vivo MRS technique that utilizes frequency-selective editing pulses to achieve homonuclear decoupled chemical shift encoding in each column of the acquired two-dimensional dataset, freeing up the entire row dimension for transverse relaxation encoding with J-refocusing. This results in increased spectral resolution, minimized background signals, and markedly broadened dynamic range for transverse relaxation encoding. The in vivo within-subject coefficients of variation for the transverse relaxation times of glutamate and glutamine, measured using the proposed method in the human brain at 7 T, were found to be approximately 4%. Since glutamate predominantly resides in glutamatergic neurons and glutamine in glia in the brain, this noninvasive technique provides a way to probe cellular pathophysiology in neuropsychiatric disorders for characterizing disease progression and monitoring treatment response in a cell type-specific manner in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 3D46, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1216, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1216, USA.
| | - Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Gudmundson AT, Koo A, Virovka A, Amirault AL, Soo M, Cho JH, Oeltzschner G, Edden RA, Stark C. Meta-analysis and Open-source Database for In Vivo Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Health and Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528046. [PMID: 37205343 PMCID: PMC10187197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proton ( 1 H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo . Prioritization of standardization and accessibility in the field has led to the development of universal pulse sequences, methodological consensus recommendations, and the development of open-source analysis software packages. One on-going challenge is methodological validation with ground-truth data. As ground-truths are rarely available for in vivo measurements, data simulations have become an important tool. The diverse literature of metabolite measurements has made it challenging to define ranges to be used within simulations. Especially for the development of deep learning and machine learning algorithms, simulations must be able to produce accurate spectra capturing all the nuances of in vivo data. Therefore, we sought to determine the physiological ranges and relaxation rates of brain metabolites which can be used both in data simulations and as reference estimates. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we've identified relevant MRS research articles and created an open-source database containing methods, results, and other article information as a resource. Using this database, expectation values and ranges for metabolite concentrations and T 2 relaxation times are established based upon a meta-analyses of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Annie Koo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Anna Virovka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Alyssa L. Amirault
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Madelene Soo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jocelyn H. Cho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Craig Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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7
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Rizzo R, Dziadosz M, Kyathanahally SP, Shamaei A, Kreis R. Quantification of MR spectra by deep learning in an idealized setting: Investigation of forms of input, network architectures, optimization by ensembles of networks, and training bias. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1707-1727. [PMID: 36533881 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this work are (1) to explore deep learning (DL) architectures, spectroscopic input types, and learning designs toward optimal quantification in MR spectroscopy of simulated pathological spectra; and (2) to demonstrate accuracy and precision of DL predictions in view of inherent bias toward the training distribution. METHODS Simulated 1D spectra and 2D spectrograms that mimic an extensive range of pathological in vivo conditions are used to train and test 24 different DL architectures. Active learning through altered training and testing data distributions is probed to optimize quantification performance. Ensembles of networks are explored to improve DL robustness and reduce the variance of estimates. A set of scores compares performances of DL predictions and traditional model fitting (MF). RESULTS Ensembles of heterogeneous networks that combine 1D frequency-domain and 2D time-frequency domain spectrograms as input perform best. Dataset augmentation with active learning can improve performance, but gains are limited. MF is more accurate, although DL appears to be more precise at low SNR. However, this overall improved precision originates from a strong bias for cases with high uncertainty toward the dataset the network has been trained with, tending toward its average value. CONCLUSION MF mostly performs better compared to the faster DL approach. Potential intrinsic biases on training sets are dangerous in a clinical context that requires the algorithm to be unbiased to outliers (i.e., pathological data). Active learning and ensemble of networks are good strategies to improve prediction performances. However, data quality (sufficient SNR) has proven as a bottleneck for adequate unbiased performance-like in the case of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Rizzo
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martyna Dziadosz
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sreenath P Kyathanahally
- Department of System Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modelling, Data Science for Environmental Research Group, EAWAG, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Amirmohammad Shamaei
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roland Kreis
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Zuo CS, Davis KA, Lukas SE. Lower dACC glutamate in cannabis users during early phase abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1969-1975. [PMID: 35484401 PMCID: PMC9485248 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate plays an important role in continued use of and relapse to abused substances. However, its involvement in cannabis withdrawal is still unclear. We hypothesize that regional glutamate is associated with the cannabis withdrawal syndrome and recently examined possible association of glutamate with cannabis withdrawal, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in non-treatment-seeking cannabis users. We recruited 26 frequent cannabis users and 11 age-matched non-using controls. Of the 37, 20 users (8f/12m) and 10 controls (5f/5m) completed a verified 21-day abstinence protocol. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) were measured with proton MRS at baseline and on abstinent days 7 and 21 in conjunction with measures of cannabis withdrawal and craving (MCQ), sleep difficulties (PSQI) and mood state. We used ANOVA to examine group differences in glutamate and GABA from baseline through day 21 and used linear regression to evaluate correlations between intra-individual glutamate and withdrawal symptoms. We found that self-reported anxiety severity (HAMA) was correlated with urinary THC/Cr ratios at baseline (r = 0.768, p = 0.000076) and abstinent day 7 (r = 0.5636, p = 0.0097), dACC glutamate was significantly lower in the users compared with the controls from baseline through day 21 (F = 5.90, p = 0.022), changes in glutamate between baseline and abstinent day 21 had a significantly negative correlation with corresponding changes in craving (r = -0.72, p = 0.005) after adjusting for age, consumption of alcohol/cigarettes, sleep difficulties, and urinary THC levels. These findings provide preliminary evidence that dACC glutamate is associated with the cannabis withdrawal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun S Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Katherine A Davis
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Scott E Lukas
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
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9
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Detection of 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in human brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8729. [PMID: 35610241 PMCID: PMC9130156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique was used to measure 13C enrichments of glutamate and glutamine in a 3.5 × 1.8 × 2 cm3 voxel placed in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of five healthy participants after oral administration of [U-13C]glucose. Strong pseudo singlets of glutamate and glutamine were induced to enhance the signal strength of glutamate and glutamine. This study demonstrated that 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine can be measured with the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of 1H MRS using a proton-only MRS technique with standard commercial hardware. Furthermore, it is feasible to measure 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in limbic structures, which play major roles in behavioral and emotional responses and whose abnormalities are involved in many neuropsychiatric disorders.
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10
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Maier S, Düppers AL, Runge K, Dacko M, Lange T, Fangmeier T, Riedel A, Ebert D, Endres D, Domschke K, Perlov E, Nickel K, Tebartz van Elst L. Increased prefrontal GABA concentrations in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2022; 15:1222-1236. [PMID: 35587691 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory-inhibitory imbalance hypothesis postulates dysregulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter systems as a common underlying deficit in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies suggest an important role of these systems in the pathophysiology of ASD, including a study of our group reporting decreased glutamate concentrations in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of adults with ASD. The aim of this study was to replicate our previous findings of impaired glutamate metabolism in ASD in a new sample and to additionally quantify GABA in the ACC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Concentrations of GABA and glutamate-glutamine (Glx; combined glutamate and glutamine signal) were quantified in the ACC and dlPFC of 43 adults with ASD and 43 neurotypical controls (NTC) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The ASD group showed increased absolute GABA concentrations and elevated GABA/creatine ratios in the left dlPFC compared to NTC, while no group differences were detected in the pregenual and dorsal ACC. Previous findings of altered Glx concentration in the pregenual ACC of the ASD group could not be replicated. Regarding Glx concentrations and Glx/creatine ratios, there were no significant differences in the dlPFC and ACC either. The study supports the hypothesis of an altered GABA and glutamate equilibrium, indicating an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory metabolism in ASD patients. However, inconsistent results across studies and brain regions suggest a complex underlying phenomenon. LAY SUMMARY: Adults of the autism spectrum exhibit elevated levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This finding supports the hypothesis of an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory equilibrium in patients with autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Maier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kimon Runge
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dacko
- Department of Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fangmeier
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Riedel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Luzerner Psychiatrie, Ambulante Dienste, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evgeniy Perlov
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry Luzern, Hospital St. Urban, St. Urban, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Tomiyasu M, Harada M. In vivo Human MR Spectroscopy Using a Clinical Scanner: Development, Applications, and Future Prospects. Magn Reson Med Sci 2022; 21:235-252. [PMID: 35173095 PMCID: PMC9199975 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a unique and useful method for noninvasively evaluating biochemical metabolism in human organs and tissues, but its clinical dissemination has been slow and often limited to specialized institutions or hospitals with experts in MRS technology. The number of 3-T clinical MR scanners is now increasing, representing a major opportunity to promote the use of clinical MRS. In this review, we summarize the theoretical background and basic knowledge required to understand the results obtained with MRS and introduce the general consensus on the clinical utility of proton MRS in routine clinical practice. In addition, we present updates to the consensus guidelines on proton MRS published by the members of a working committee of the Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in 2013. Recent research into multinuclear MRS equipped in clinical MR scanners is explained with an eye toward future development. This article seeks to provide an overview of the current status of clinical MRS and to promote the understanding of when it can be useful. In the coming years, MRS-mediated biochemical evaluation is expected to become available for even routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyoko Tomiyasu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology.,Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center
| | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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12
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Longitudinal changes in neurometabolite concentrations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex after concentrated exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:344-352. [PMID: 34920037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) due to its role in error processing, cognitive control and emotion regulation. OCD patients have shown altered concentrations in neurometabolites in the dACC, particularly Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and tNAA (N-acetylaspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate). We investigated the immediate and prolonged effects of exposure and response prevention (ERP) on these neurometabolites. METHODS Glx and tNAA concentrations were measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in 24 OCD patients and 23 healthy controls at baseline. Patients received concentrated ERP over four days. A subset was re-scanned after one week and three months. RESULTS No Glx and tNAA abnormalities were observed in OCD patients compared to healthy controls before treatment or over time. Patients with childhood or adult onset differed in the change over time in tNAA (F(2,40) = 7.24, ɳ2p= 0.27, p = 0.004): concentrations increased between one week after treatment and follow-up in the childhood onset group (t(39) = -2.43, d = -0.86, p = 0.020), whereas tNAA concentrations decreased between baseline and follow-up in patients with an adult onset (t(42) = 2.78, d = 1.07, p = 0.008). In OCD patients with versus without comorbid mood disorders, lower Glx concentrations were detected at baseline (t(38) = -2.28, d = -1.00, p = 0.028). Glx increased after one week of treatment within OCD patients with comorbid mood disorders (t(30) = -3.09, d = -1.21, p = 0.004). LIMITATIONS Our OCD sample size allowed the detection of moderate to large effect sizes only. CONCLUSION ERP induced changes in neurometabolites in OCD seem to be dependent on mood disorder comorbidity and disease stage rather than OCD itself.
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13
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Ochi R, Plitman E, Patel R, Tarumi R, Iwata Y, Tsugawa S, Kim J, Honda S, Noda Y, Uchida H, Devenyi GA, Mimura M, Graff-Guerrero A, Chakravarty MM, Nakajima S. Investigating structural subdivisions of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia, with implications for treatment resistance and glutamatergic levels. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E1-E10. [PMID: 35027443 PMCID: PMC8842685 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Given regional variations in ACC structure, the present study aimed to examine ACC structural subdivisions and their relationships to treatment resistance and glutamatergic levels in schizophrenia. METHODS This study included 100 patients with schizophrenia and 52 healthy controls from 2 cohorts. We applied non-negative matrix factorization to identify accurate and stable spatial components of ACC structure. Between groups, we compared ACC structural indices in each spatial component based on treatment resistance or response and tested relationships with ACC glutamate + glutamine levels. RESULTS We detected reductions in cortical thickness and increases in mean diffusivity in the spatial components on the surface of the cingulate sulcus, especially in patients with treatment-resistant and clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Notably, mean diffusivity in these components was higher in patients who did not respond to clozapine compared to those who did. Furthermore, these ACC structural alterations were related to elevated ACC glutamate + glutamine levels but not related to symptomatology or antipsychotic dose. LIMITATIONS Sample sizes, cross-sectional findings and mixed antipsychotic status were limitations of this study. CONCLUSION This study identified reproducible abnormalities in ACC structures in patients with treatment-resistant and clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Given that these spatial components play a role in inhibitory control, the present study strengthens the notion that glutamate-related disinhibition is a common biological feature of treatment resistance in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- From the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Ochi, Tarumi, Tsugawa, Honda, Noda, Uchida, Mimura, Nakajima); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada (Plitman, Patel, Devenyi, Chakravarty); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Plitman, Devenyi, Chakravarty); the Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Patel, Chakravarty); the Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Iwata, Kim, Graff-Guerrero, Nakajima); and the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kim, Graff-Guerrero)
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14
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Ekici S, Nye J, Neill S, Allen J, Shu HK, Fleischer C. Glutamine Imaging: A New Avenue for Glioma Management. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:11-18. [PMID: 34737183 PMCID: PMC8757564 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The glutamine pathway is emerging as an important marker of cancer prognosis and a target for new treatments. In gliomas, the most common type of brain tumors, metabolic reprogramming leads to abnormal consumption of glutamine as an energy source, and increased glutamine concentrations are associated with treatment resistance and proliferation. A key challenge in the development of glutamine-based biomarkers and therapies is the limited number of in vivo tools to noninvasively assess local glutamine metabolism and monitor its changes. In this review, we describe the importance of glutamine metabolism in gliomas and review the current landscape of translational and emerging imaging techniques to measure glutamine in the brain. These techniques include MRS, PET, SPECT, and preclinical methods such as fluorescence and mass spectrometry imaging. Finally, we discuss the roadblocks that must be overcome before incorporating glutamine into a personalized approach for glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ekici
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.E., J.A.N., J.W.A., C.C.F.)
| | - J.A. Nye
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.E., J.A.N., J.W.A., C.C.F.)
| | - S.G. Neill
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J.W. Allen
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.E., J.A.N., J.W.A., C.C.F.),Neurology (J.W.A.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - H.-K. Shu
- Radiation Oncology (H.-K.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C.C. Fleischer
- From the Departments of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (S.E., J.A.N., J.W.A., C.C.F.),Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.C.F.), Geogria Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Sarlo GL, Holton KF. Brain concentrations of glutamate and GABA in human epilepsy: A review. Seizure 2021; 91:213-227. [PMID: 34233236 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between excitation and inhibition has been a longstanding proposed mechanism regarding ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. This imbalance is related to increased extracellular glutamate in the brain and/or reduction in GABA concentrations, leading to excitotoxicity, seizures, and cell death. This review aims to summarize the microdialysis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) literature investigating glutamate and GABA concentrations in epilepsy patients, present limitations, and suggest future directions to help direct the search for novel epilepsy treatments. The majority of microdialysis studies demonstrated increased glutamate in epileptic regions either compared to control regions or to baseline levels; however, sample sizes were small, with some statistical comparisons missing. For the MRS research, two of six studies reported significant changes in glutamate levels compared to controls, though the results were mixed, with one reporting increased and the other reporting decreased glutamate levels. Eleven of 20 studies reported significant changes in Glx (glutamate + glutamine) or Glx ratios, with most reporting increased levels, except for a few epilepsy syndromes where reduced levels were reported. Few studies investigated GABA concentrations, with one microdialysis and four spectroscopy studies reporting increased GABA levels, and one study reporting decreased GABA in a different brain region. Based on this review, future research should account for medication use; include measurements of GABA, glutamate, and glutamine; use high-tesla strength MRI; and further evaluate the timing of microdialysis. Understanding the importance of brain glutamate and GABA levels in epilepsy may provide direction for future therapies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle L Sarlo
- Department of Psychology, Behavior, Cognition and Neuroscience Program, American University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Kathleen F Holton
- Department of Health Studies, American University, Washington DC, United States; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington DC, United States.
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16
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Collet S, Bhaduri S, Kiyar M, T’Sjoen G, Mueller S, Guillamon A. Characterization of the 1H-MRS Metabolite Spectra in Transgender Men with Gender Dysphoria and Cisgender People. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2623. [PMID: 34198690 PMCID: PMC8232168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted on sexual differences of the human brain to determine whether and to what extent a brain gender exists. Consequently, a variety of studies using different neuroimaging techniques attempted to identify the existence of a brain phenotype in people with gender dysphoria (GD). However, to date, brain sexual differences at the metabolite level using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) have not been explored in transgender people. In this study, 28 cisgender men (CM) and 34 cisgender women (CW) and 29 transgender men with GD (TMGD) underwent 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla MRI to characterize common brain metabolites. Specifically, levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and myo-inositol + glycine (mI + Gly) were assessed in two brain regions, the amygdala-anterior hippocampus and the lateral parietal cortex. The results indicated a sex-assigned at birth pattern for Cho/Cr in the amygdala of TMGD. In the parietal cortex, a sex-assigned at birth and an intermediate pattern were found. Though assessed post-hoc, exploration of the age of onset of GD in TMGD demonstrated within-group differences in absolute NAA and relative Cho/Cr levels, suggestive for a possible developmental trend. While brain metabolite levels in TMGD resembled those of CW, some interesting findings, such as modulation of metabolite concentrations by age of onset of GD, warrant future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Collet
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sourav Bhaduri
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (M.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Meltem Kiyar
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (M.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Guy T’Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sven Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.B.); (M.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Guillamon
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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17
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Cheng H, Wang A, Newman S, Dydak U. An investigation of glutamate quantification with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4453. [PMID: 33617070 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter. Although many studies have measured glutamate concentration in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), researchers have not reached a consensus on the accuracy of glutamate quantification at the field strength of 3 T. Besides, there is not an optimal MRS protocol for glutamate measurement. In this work, both simulation and phantom scans indicate that glutamate can be estimated with reasonable accuracy (<10% error on average) using the standard Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) technique with TE 30 ms; glutamine, however, is likely underestimated, which is also suggested by results from human scans using the same protocol. The phantom results show an underestimation of glutamate and glutamine for PRESS with long TE and MEGA-PRESS off-resonance spectra. Despite the underestimation, there is a high correlation between the measured values and the true values (r > 0.8). Our results suggest that the quantification of glutamate and glutamine is reliable but can be off by a scaling factor, depending on the imaging technique. The outputs from all three PRESS sequences (TE = 30, 68 and 80 ms) are also highly correlated with each other (r > 0.7) and moderately correlated (r > 0.5) with the results from the MEGA-PRESS difference spectra with moderate to good shimming (linewidth < 16 Hz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda Wang
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Program of Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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18
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Abstract
RATIONALE Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a cross-species neuroimaging technique that can measure concentrations of several brain metabolites, including glutamate and GABA. This non-invasive method has promise in developing centrally acting drugs, as it can be performed repeatedly within-subjects and be used to translate findings from the preclinical to clinical laboratory using the same imaging biomarker. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on the utility of single-voxel 1H-MRS in developing novel glutamatergic or GABAergic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders and includes research performed in rodent models, healthy volunteers and patient cohorts. RESULTS Overall, these studies indicate that 1H-MRS is able to detect the predicted pharmacological effects of glutamatergic or GABAergic drugs on voxel glutamate or GABA concentrations, although there is a shortage of studies examining dose-related effects. Clinical studies have applied 1H-MRS to better understand drug therapeutic mechanisms, including the glutamatergic effects of ketamine in depression and of acamprosate in alcohol dependence. There is an emerging interest in identifying patient subgroups with 'high' or 'low' brain regional 1H-MRS glutamate levels for more targeted drug development, which may require ancillary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of subgroup discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Considerations for future research include the sensitivity of single-voxel 1H-MRS in detecting drug effects, inter-site measurement reliability and the interpretation of drug-induced changes in 1H-MRS metabolites relative to the known pharmacological molecular mechanisms. On-going technological development, in single-voxel 1H-MRS and in related complementary techniques, will further support applications within CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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19
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Schranz AL, Dekaban GA, Fischer L, Blackney K, Barreira C, Doherty TJ, Fraser DD, Brown A, Holmes J, Menon RS, Bartha R. Brain Metabolite Levels in Sedentary Women and Non-contact Athletes Differ From Contact Athletes. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:593498. [PMID: 33324185 PMCID: PMC7726472 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.593498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter tracts are known to be susceptible to injury following concussion. The objective of this study was to determine whether contact play in sport could alter white matter metabolite levels in female varsity athletes independent of changes induced by long-term exercise. Metabolite levels were measured by single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the prefrontal white matter at the beginning (In-Season) and end (Off-Season) of season in contact (N = 54, rugby players) and non-contact (N = 23, swimmers and rowers) varsity athletes. Sedentary women (N = 23) were scanned once, at a time equivalent to the Off-Season time point. Metabolite levels in non-contact athletes did not change over a season of play, or differ from age matched sedentary women except that non-contact athletes had a slightly lower myo-inositol level. The contact athletes had lower levels of myo-inositol and glutamate, and higher levels of glutamine compared to both sedentary women and non-contact athletes. Lower levels of myo-inositol in non-contact athletes compared to sedentary women indicates long-term exercise may alter glial cell profiles in these athletes. The metabolite differences observed between contact and non-contact athletes suggest that non-contact athletes should not be used as controls in studies of concussion in high-impact sports because repetitive impacts from physical contact can alter white matter metabolite level profiles. It is imperative to use athletes engaged in the same contact sport as controls to ensure a matched metabolite profile at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Schranz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Fischer
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Blackney
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christy Barreira
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy J Doherty
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Paediatrics Critical Care Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Brown
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Holmes
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute, Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Frittoli RB, Pereira DR, Rittner L, Appenzeller S. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-MRS) in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: A systematic review. Lupus 2020; 29:1873-1884. [PMID: 33019878 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320961466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been shown to be an important non-invasive tool to quantify neuronal loss or damage in the investigation of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical utility of 1H-MRS in determining CNS involvement in individuals with rheumatic autoimmune diseases. METHODS This study is a systematic review of the literature, conducted during the month of November and December of 2019 of articles published in the last 16 years (2003-2019). The search for relevant references was done through the exploration of electronic databases (PubMed/Medline and Embase). We searched for studied including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), vasculitis and Behçet. Only studies published after 2003 and with more than 20 patients were included. RESULTS We included 26 articles. NAA/Cr ratios were significant lower and Cho/Cr ratios increased in several brain regions in SLE, SS, RA, SSc. Associations with disease activity, inflammatory markers, CNS manifestations and comorbidities was variable across studies and diseases. CONCLUSION The presence of neurometabolite abnormalities in patients without ouvert CNS manifestations, suggests that systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis or abnormal vascular reactivity may be associated with subclinical CNS manifestations. MRS may be a usefull non-invasive method for screening patients with risk for CNS manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leticia Rittner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology Lab, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas.,Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas
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21
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Lee DW, Woo CW, Woo DC, Kim JK, Kim KW, Lee DH. Regional Mapping of Brain Glutamate Distributions Using Glutamate-Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E571. [PMID: 32784483 PMCID: PMC7459654 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate glutamate signal distributions in multiple brain regions of a healthy rat brain using glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging. METHOD The GluCEST data were obtained using a 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, and all data were analyzed using conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry in eight brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and rest of midbrain in each hemisphere). GluCEST data acquisition was performed again one month later in five randomly selected rats to evaluate the stability of the GluCEST signal. To evaluate glutamate level changes calculated by GluCEST data, we compared the results with the concentration of glutamate acquired from 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) data in the cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS GluCEST signals showed significant differences (all p ≤ 0.001) between the corpus callosum (-1.71 ± 1.04%; white matter) and other brain regions (3.59 ± 0.41%, cortex; 5.47 ± 0.61%, hippocampus; 4.49 ± 1.11%, rest of midbrain; gray matter). The stability test of GluCEST findings for each brain region was not significantly different (all p ≥ 0.263). In line with the GluCEST results, glutamate concentrations measured by 1H MRS also appeared higher in the hippocampus (7.30 ± 0.16 μmol/g) than the cortex (6.89 ± 0.72 μmol/g). CONCLUSION Mapping of GluCEST signals in the healthy rat brain clearly visualize glutamate distributions. These findings may yield a valuable database and insights for comparing glutamate signal changes in pre-clinical brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-W.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.-W.W.); (D.-C.W.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-W.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (D.-W.L.); (J.K.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Convergence Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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22
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Tang L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Guo R, Clifford B, El Fakhri G, Ma C, Liang ZP, Luo J. Accelerated J-resolved 1 H-MRSI with limited and sparse sampling of ( k , t 1 , t 2 -space. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:30-41. [PMID: 32726510 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To accelerate the acquisition of J-resolved proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1 H-MRSI) data for high-resolution mapping of brain metabolites and neurotransmitters. METHODS The proposed method used a subspace model to represent multidimensional spatiospectral functions, which significantly reduced the number of parameters to be determined from J-resolved 1 H-MRSI data. A semi-LASER-based (Localization by Adiabatic SElective Refocusing) echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) sequence was used for data acquisition. The proposed data acquisition scheme sampled k , t 1 , t 2 -space in variable density, where t1 and t2 specify the J-coupling and chemical-shift encoding times, respectively. Selection of the J-coupling encoding times (or, echo time values) was based on a Cramer-Rao lower bound analysis, which were optimized for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) detection. In image reconstruction, parameters of the subspace-based spatiospectral model were determined by solving a constrained optimization problem. RESULTS Feasibility of the proposed method was evaluated using both simulated and experimental data from a spectroscopic phantom. The phantom experimental results showed that the proposed method, with a factor of 12 acceleration in data acquisition, could determine the distribution of J-coupled molecules with expected accuracy. In vivo study with healthy human subjects also showed that 3D maps of brain metabolites and neurotransmitters can be obtained with a nominal spatial resolution of 3.0 × 3.0 × 4.8 mm3 from J-resolved 1 H-MRSI data acquired in 19.4 min. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated the feasibility of highly accelerated J-resolved 1 H-MRSI using limited and sparse sampling of k , t 1 , t 2 -space and subspace modeling. With further development, the proposed method may enable high-resolution mapping of brain metabolites and neurotransmitters in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Tang
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yudu Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Rong Guo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan Clifford
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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An L, Araneta MF, Victorino M, Shen J. Signal enhancement of glutamine and glutathione by single-step spectral editing. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 316:106756. [PMID: 32521478 PMCID: PMC7385909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-step spectral editing approach using an always-on editing pulse was proposed to enhance the signals of strongly coupled spins. Specifically, a single-step spectral editing sequence with an always-on editing pulse applied at 2.12 ppm was used to enhance glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) signals at TE = 56 ms on a 7 T scanner. Density matrix simulations demonstrated that the current method (TE = 56 ms) led to large signal enhancement of at least 61% for Gln and 51% for GSH compared to a previous single-step method (TE = 106 ms). Monte Carlo simulations showed that the current method reduced noise-originated variations by 31% for Gln and 26% for GSH compared to a previous three-step spectral editing method from which the present method was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Maria Ferraris Araneta
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milalynn Victorino
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Savic I. MRS Shows Regionally Increased Glutamate Levels among Patients with Exhaustion Syndrome Due to Occupational Stress. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3759-3770. [PMID: 32195540 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid increase of reports of exhaustion syndrome (ES) due to daily occupational stress, the mechanisms underlying ES are unknown. We used voxel-based 1H-MR spectroscopy to examine the potential role of glutamate in this condition. The levels of glutamate were found to be elevated among ES patients (n = 30, 16 females) compared with controls (n = 31, 15 females). Notably, this increase was detected only in the anterior cingulate and mesial prefrontal cortex (ACC/mPFC), and the glutamate levels were linearly correlated with the degree of perceived stress. Furthermore, there was a sex by group interaction, as the glutamate elevation was present only in female patients. Female but not male ES patients also showed an increase in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels in the amygdala. No group differences were detected in glutamine concentration (also measured). These data show the key role of glutamate in stress-related neuronal signaling and the specific roles of the amygdala and ACC/mPFC. The data extend previous reports about the neurochemical basis of stress and identify a potential neural marker and mediator of ES due to occupational stress. The observation of specific sex differences provides a tentative explanation to the well-known female predominance in stress-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA
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25
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Zhang Y, Shen J. Effects of noise and linewidth on in vivo analysis of glutamate at 3 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 314:106732. [PMID: 32361510 PMCID: PMC8485252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can noninvasively detect metabolites in vivo, including glutamate (Glu). However, quantification is known to be affected by the overlaps among metabolite resonance lines and background macromolecule signals. We found that adding a moderate amount of noise or line broadening (2 Hz) caused large variations in concentration of Glu and other metabolites, when determined by LCModel analysis of in vivo short-echo time (TE) spectra. Theses variations were largely attributed to strong spectral baselines in short TE spectra, especially near 2.35 ppm, as well as overlapping metabolite resonance lines. To address this issue, we acquired in vivo data at 3 T using both short-TE and the multiple echo time J-resolved point-resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) MRS techniques. We found that one-dimensional (1D) JPRESS, by simultaneously fitting the two cross-sections of JPRESS at J = 0 and J = 7.5 Hz, was highly resistant to variations in noise levels and spectral linewidths. Our results demonstrate that LCModel analysis of short-TE data is highly sensitive to variations in noise levels and spectral linewidths and this sensitivity is greatly reduced by 1D JPRESS given its substantially reduced baselines and enhanced spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- MR Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jun Shen
- MR Spectroscopy Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Tarumi R, Tsugawa S, Noda Y, Plitman E, Honda S, Matsushita K, Chavez S, Sawada K, Wada M, Matsui M, Fujii S, Miyazaki T, Chakravarty MM, Uchida H, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A, Mimura M, Nakajima S. Levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:632-640. [PMID: 31842203 PMCID: PMC7021829 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to antipsychotics and are thus considered to have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). To date, only four studies have examined glutamatergic neurometabolite levels using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in patients with TRS, collectively suggesting that glutamatergic dysfunction may be implicated in the pathophysiology of TRS. Notably, the TRS patient population in these studies had mild-to-moderate illness severity, which is not entirely reflective of what is observed in clinical practice. In this present work, we compared glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and caudate among patients with TRS, patients with non-TRS, and healthy controls (HCs), using 3T 1H-MRS (PRESS, TE = 35 ms). TRS criteria were defined by severe positive symptoms (i.e., ≥5 on 2 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-positive symptom items or ≥4 on 3 PANSS-positive symptom items), despite standard antipsychotic treatment. A total of 95 participants were included (29 TRS patients [PANSS = 111.2 ± 20.4], 33 non-TRS patients [PANSS = 49.8 ± 13.7], and 33 HCs). dACC Glx levels were higher in the TRS group vs. HCs (group effect: F[2,75] = 4.74, p = 0.011; TRS vs. HCs: p = 0.012). No group differences were identified in the caudate. There were no associations between Glx levels and clinical severity in either patient group. Our results are suggestive of greater heterogeneity in TRS relative to non-TRS with respect to dACC Glx levels, necessitating further research to determine biological subtypes of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tarumi
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.415439.eDepartment of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Plitman
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bCerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Shiori Honda
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cGraduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin Matsushita
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cFaculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sofia Chavez
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kyosuke Sawada
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mie Matsui
- 0000 0001 2308 3329grid.9707.9Department of Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cFaculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bCerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- 0000 0004 1936 9959grid.26091.3cDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Shen J, Shenkar D, An L, Tomar JS. Local and Interregional Neurochemical Associations Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Studying Brain Functions and Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32848957 PMCID: PMC7432119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have found significant correlations among neurometabolites (e.g., between glutamate and GABA) across individual subjects and altered correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we discuss neurochemical associations among several major neurometabolites which underpin these observations by MRS. We also illustrate the role of spectral editing in eliminating unwanted correlations caused by spectral overlapping. Finally, we describe the prospects of mapping macroscopic neurochemical associations across the brain and characterizing excitation-inhibition balance of neural networks using glutamate- and GABA-editing MRS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dina Shenkar
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Li An
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jyoti Singh Tomar
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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28
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Smaragdi A, Chavez S, Lobaugh NJ, Meyer JH, Kolla NJ. Differential levels of prefrontal cortex glutamate+glutamine in adults with antisocial personality disorder and bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:250-255. [PMID: 30959086 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate, as measured in combination with glutamine (Glx), is implicated in several psychopathologies when levels are aberrant. One illness that shows heightened Glx levels is bipolar disorder (BD), an illness characterized by high impulsivity. In addition, although animal studies have reported elevated levels of Glx in aggressive and impulsive phenotypes, no study, to our knowledge, has reported Glx in the human cortex in relation to aggression. Here, we addressed the question of whether elevated levels of Glx would be present in patients with BD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), a condition associated with aggression and, like BD, also presents high impulsivity. We recruited individuals with ASPD (n = 18), individuals with BD (n = 16), and a healthy control group (n = 24). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure relative neurometabolite concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and supra-genual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), two brain regions associated with impulsivity and behavior control. We found significantly elevated levels of Glx in the ASPD group relative to the BD and healthy control groups in the dlPFC (p = .014), and a positive correlation between Glx levels and aggression in the dlPFC in the ASPD group alone (r = .59, p = .026). These findings suggest a link between aggression in ASPD and Glx levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Smaragdi
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Forensic Psychiatry, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Development Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy J Lobaugh
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Forensic Psychiatry, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Criminology and Sociological Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
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29
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Andronesi OC, Arrillaga-Romany IC, Ly KI, Bogner W, Ratai EM, Reitz K, Iafrate AJ, Dietrich J, Gerstner ER, Chi AS, Rosen BR, Wen PY, Cahill DP, Batchelor TT. Pharmacodynamics of mutant-IDH1 inhibitors in glioma patients probed by in vivo 3D MRS imaging of 2-hydroxyglutarate. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1474. [PMID: 29662077 PMCID: PMC5902553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) entered recently in clinical trials for glioma treatment. Mutant IDH1 produces high levels of 2-hydroxyglurate (2HG), thought to initiate oncogenesis through epigenetic modifications of gene expression. In this study, we show the initial evidence of the pharmacodynamics of a new mutant IDH1 inhibitor in glioma patients, using non-invasive 3D MR spectroscopic imaging of 2HG. Our results from a Phase 1 clinical trial indicate a rapid decrease of 2HG levels by 70% (CI 13%, P = 0.019) after 1 week of treatment. Importantly, inhibition of mutant IDH1 may lead to the reprogramming of tumor metabolism, suggested by simultaneous changes in glutathione, glutamine, glutamate, and lactate. An inverse correlation between metabolic changes and diffusion MRI indicates an effect on the tumor-cell density. We demonstrate a feasible radiopharmacodynamics approach to support the rapid clinical translation of rationally designed drugs targeting IDH1/2 mutations for personalized and precision medicine of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Isabel C Arrillaga-Romany
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - K Ina Ly
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, High Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Eva M Ratai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kara Reitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Brain Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02284, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stephen E. and Catherine Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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30
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Kim SY, Kaufman MJ, Cohen BM, Jensen JE, Coyle JT, Du F, Öngür D. In Vivo Brain Glycine and Glutamate Concentrations in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis Measured by Echo Time-Averaged Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 4T. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:484-491. [PMID: 29031411 PMCID: PMC5809251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of abnormal glutamateric neurotransmission and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. The purpose of this study was to quantify in vivo glutamate (Glu) and glycine (Gly) levels in patients with first-episode psychosis as well as age-matched healthy control subjects with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS The subjects were 46 patients with first-episode psychosis (20 with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 26 with bipolar disorder) and 50 age-matched healthy control subjects. Glu and Gly levels were measured in vivo in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex of the subjects by using the echo time-averaged proton MRS technique at 4T (i.e., modified point resolved spectroscopy sequence: 24 echo time steps with 20-ms increments). Metabolite levels were quantified using LCModel with simulated basis sets. RESULTS Significantly higher Glu and Gly levels were found in both the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex of patients with first-episode psychosis as compared with healthy control subjects. Glu and Gly levels were positively correlated in patients. Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder showed similar abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate abnormally elevated brain Glu and Gly levels in patients with first-episode psychosis by means of echo time-averaged proton MRS at 4T. The findings implicate dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of the acute early phase of psychotic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Young Kim
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Marc J. Kaufman
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Translational Imaging Laboratory, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont MA, 02478, USA
| | - J. Eric Jensen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Joseph T. Coyle
- Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.
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31
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Wyss PO, Bianchini C, Scheidegger M, Giapitzakis IA, Hock A, Fuchs A, Henning A. In vivo estimation of transverse relaxation time constant (T2
) of 17 human brain metabolites at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:452-461. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik O. Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Claudio Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hock
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fuchs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tuebingen Germany
- Institute of Physics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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32
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Rigucci S, Xin L, Klauser P, Baumann PS, Alameda L, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Ferrari C, Pompili M, Gruetter R, Do KQ, Conus P. Cannabis use in early psychosis is associated with reduced glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:13-22. [PMID: 29075884 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent studies have shown that cannabis may disrupt glutamate (Glu) signaling depressing Glu tone in frequent users. Current evidence have also consistently reported lower Glu-levels in various brain regions, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of chronic schizophrenia patients, while findings in early psychosis (EP) are not conclusive. Since cannabis may alter Glu synaptic plasticity and its use is a known risk factor for psychosis, studies focusing on Glu signaling in EP with or without a concomitant cannabis-usage seem crucial. OBJECTIVE We investigate the effect of cannabis use on prefrontal Glu-levels in EP users vs. both EP non-users and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure [GlumPFC] of 35 EP subjects (18 of whom were cannabis users) and 33 HC. For correlative analysis, neuropsychological performances were scored by the MATRICS-consensus cognitive battery. RESULTS [GlumPFC] was lower in EP users comparing to both HC and EP non-users (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while no differences were observed between EP non-users and HC. A greater [GlumPFC]-decline with age was observed in EP users (r = -.46; p = 0.04), but not in EP non-users or HC. Among neuropsychological outcomes, working memory was the only domain that differentiates patients depending on their cannabis use, with users having poorer performances. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is associated with reduced prefrontal [GlumPFC] and with a stronger Glu-levels decline with age. Glutamatergic abnormalities might influence the cognitive impairment observed in users and have some relevance for the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rigucci
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal imaging and technology core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis Alameda
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carina Ferrari
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departments of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Conus
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Reliance on glutamine has long been considered a hallmark of cancer cell metabolism. However, some recent studies have challenged this notion in vivo, prompting a need for further clarifications on the role of glutamine metabolism in cancer. We find that there is ample evidence of an essential role for glutamine in tumors and that a variety of factors, including tissue type, the underlying cancer genetics, the tumor microenvironment and other variables such as diet and host physiology collectively influence the role of glutamine in cancer. Thus the requirements for glutamine in cancer are overall highly heterogeneous. In this review, we discuss the implications both for basic science and for targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Cluntun
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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An L, Li S, Shen J. Simultaneous determination of metabolite concentrations, T 1 and T 2 relaxation times. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2072-2081. [PMID: 28164364 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To simultaneously measure concentration and T1 and T2 values of metabolites in the human brain in a single scan session. METHODS A new pulse sequence with multiple variable acquisition parameters was proposed to encode metabolite T1 and T2 information into the acquired data. A linear combination-fitting algorithm was developed in-house to simultaneously determine metabolite concentrations and relaxation times. RESULTS Concentration, T1 , and T2 values of N-acetyl-aspartate, total creatine, total choline, and glutamate were reliably measured in the frontal gray matter and white matter regions of nine healthy volunteers at 7 tesla in less than 10 minutes of scan time per voxel. T1 and T2 values of glutamine, as well as T1 of glutathione, were also measured in the frontal gray matter region with reasonable precision. CONCLUSION The proposed technique allows multiparametric characterization of brain metabolites in a single scan session, making it possible to measure both levels and intracellular microenvironments of brain chemicals in clinical MR spectroscopy studies. Magn Reson Med 78:2072-2081, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shizhe Li
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Koob M, Viola A, Le Fur Y, Viout P, Ratiney H, Confort-Gouny S, Cozzone PJ, Girard N. Creatine, Glutamine plus Glutamate, and Macromolecules Are Decreased in the Central White Matter of Premature Neonates around Term. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160990. [PMID: 27547969 PMCID: PMC4993494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth represents a high risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities when associated with white-matter damage. Recent studies have reported cognitive deficits in children born preterm without brain injury on MRI at term-equivalent age. Understanding the microstructural and metabolic underpinnings of these deficits is essential for their early detection. Here, we used diffusion-weighted imaging and single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to compare brain maturation at term-equivalent age in premature neonates with no evidence of white matter injury on conventional MRI except diffuse excessive high-signal intensity, and normal term neonates. Thirty-two infants, 16 term neonates (mean post-conceptional age at scan: 39.8±1 weeks) and 16 premature neonates (mean gestational age at birth: 29.1±2 weeks, mean post-conceptional age at scan: 39.2±1 weeks) were investigated. The MRI/MRS protocol performed at 1.5T involved diffusion-weighted MRI and localized 1H-MRS with the Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence. Preterm neonates showed significantly higher ADC values in the temporal white matter (P<0.05), the occipital white matter (P<0.005) and the thalamus (P<0.05). The proton spectrum of the centrum semiovale was characterized by significantly lower taurine/H2O and macromolecules/H2O ratios (P<0.05) at a TE of 30 ms, and reduced (creatine+phosphocreatine)/H2O and (glutamine+glutamate)/H2O ratios (P<0.05) at a TE of 135 ms in the preterm neonates than in full-term neonates. Our findings indicate that premature neonates with normal conventional MRI present a delay in brain maturation affecting the white matter and the thalamus. Their brain metabolic profile is characterized by lower levels of creatine, glutamine plus glutamate, and macromolecules in the centrum semiovale, a finding suggesting altered energy metabolism and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Koob
- Service de Neuroradiologie, AP-HM Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service de Radiopédiatrie-Imagerie 2, CHU de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire ICube, UMR 7357, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angèle Viola
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (NG); (AV)
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Viout
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Ratiney
- Laboratoire CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1044, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylviane Confort-Gouny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick J. Cozzone
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Girard
- Service de Neuroradiologie, AP-HM Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (NG); (AV)
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36
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Brandt AS, Unschuld PG, Pradhan S, Lim IAL, Churchill G, Harris AD, Hua J, Barker PB, Ross CA, van Zijl PCM, Edden RAE, Margolis RL. Age-related changes in anterior cingulate cortex glutamate in schizophrenia: A (1)H MRS Study at 7 Tesla. Schizophr Res 2016; 172:101-5. [PMID: 26925800 PMCID: PMC4821673 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The extent of age-related changes in glutamate and other neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in individuals with schizophrenia remain unclear. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 T, which yields precise measurements of various metabolites and can distinguish glutamate from glutamine, was used to determine levels of ACC glutamate and other metabolites in 24 individuals with schizophrenia and 24 matched controls. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ACC glutamate decreased with age in patients but not controls. No changes were detected in levels of glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid, myo-inositol, GABA, glutathione, total creatine, and total choline. These results suggest that age may be an important modifier of ACC glutamate in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Laboratory for Aging Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Subechhya Pradhan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Issel Anne L Lim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gregory Churchill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jun Hua
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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