1
|
Iannattone S, Schuiringa HD, Aleva A, Koster N, van Aken MAG, Hessels CJ, van der Heijden PT, Laceulle OM. Unravelling the Longitudinal Relations Between Developmental Milestones, General Psychopathology, and Personality Functioning in a Youth Clinical Sample. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1887-1902. [PMID: 38499819 PMCID: PMC11226502 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Personality functioning, general psychopathology, and developmental milestones achievement are critical domains in the field of young people's mental health; however, no prior research has considered these variables jointly or examined the temporal dynamics between them. To fill these gaps, the present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between the above constructs in a clinical sample of Dutch youth. 525 outpatients (72.5% women; age range: 12-26 years, M = 18.8 ± 2.83) diagnosed with different psychological difficulties were recruited from specialized mental health care services in The Netherlands. They completed self-report measures assessing personality functioning, psychopathological symptoms, and the achievement of youth-specific developmental milestones. Data were collected on three occasions within a year and modelled using a Cross-Lagged Panel Model approach. The levels of personality dysfunction, general psychopathology, and developmental milestones achievement were found to fluctuate from one wave to the other. Personality dysfunction and general psychopathology were positively interrelated at each time point, while both constructs were negatively associated with developmental milestones achievement. Importantly, difficulties achieving developmental milestones predicted a worsening in personality functioning 6 months later. This result would suggest that the achievement of developmental milestones precedes personality functioning, supporting the importance of interventions promoting age-adequate functioning in youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Iannattone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Hilde D Schuiringa
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Aleva
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Nagila Koster
- Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van Aken
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christel J Hessels
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T van der Heijden
- Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Odilia M Laceulle
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Zhai M, Li J, Liu D, Yuan L, Wang H, Yu B, Yan H. Longitudinal effects of sexual minority stigma on depressive symptoms among young men who have sex with men: Distinguish between and within person effects. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1293-1303. [PMID: 38769773 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) may experience high levels of sexual minority stigma (SMS) and depressive symptoms (DS) over the world and in China. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the longitudinal effects of SMS on DS of YMSM, especially focusing on YMSM and separating the between-person and within-person effects. This study aimed to fill the said gaps. METHODS Study data were derived from a prospective cohort of 349 YMSM from central China (Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang), the baseline survey was started in 2017 with one follow-up visit every year. SMS and DS were measured three times using valid and reliable instruments. The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and the random intercept CLPM (RI-CLPM) were used to examine the between-person and within-person concurrent and lagged effects, respectively. RESULTS Findings of CLPM revealed bidirectional associations between SMS and DS over time. RI-CLPM suggested that at the between-person level, SMS was significantly associated with DS, echoing the results of CLPM. However, this reciprocal relationship has not been found at the within-person level. CONCLUSION The associations between SMS and DS among YMSM at the population level is more significant than that at the individual level. We suggest that interventions should be against the adverse effects of cultural marginalization and systemic change the social concepts to reduce the amount of SMS in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengxi Zhai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huihao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morken IS, Wichstrøm L, Steinsbekk S, Viddal KR. Depression and Personality Traits Across Adolescence-Within-Person Analyses of a Birth Cohort. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:1275-1287. [PMID: 38546926 PMCID: PMC11289264 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and personality traits covary in adolescents, but our understanding of the nature of this relation is limited. Whereas a predisposition explanation posits that specific personality traits increase the vulnerability for developing depression, a scar explanation proposes that depression may alter premorbid personality. Attempts to test these explanatory models have relied on analyses that conflate within-person changes and between-person differences, which limits the implications that can be drawn. Moreover, research on the early adolescent years is lacking. The present study therefore examined within-person associations between depressive symptoms and Big Five personality traits across ages 10 to 16. Children (n = 817; 49.9% boys) and parents from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway, were assessed biennially with clinical interviews capturing symptoms of major depressive disorder and dysthymia, and self-reported Big Five personality traits. Analyses were conducted using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, which accounts for all unmeasured time-invariant confounding effects. Increased Neuroticism predicted an increased number of depressive symptoms-and increased depressive symptoms predicted increased Neuroticism-across ages 10 to 14. Moreover, increased depressive symptoms forecast reduced Extraversion across ages 10 to 16, and reduced Conscientiousness from ages 12 to 14. Increases in Neuroticism may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms-in line with the predisposition model. As regards the scar model, depression may have an even wider impact on personality traits: increasing Neuroticism and reducing Extraversion and Conscientiousness. These effects may already be present in the earliest adolescent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Sund Morken
- Department of Psychology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Rensvik Viddal
- Department of Psychology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gilbert W, Eltanoukhi R, Morin AJS, Salmela-Aro K. Achievement Goals as Mediators of the Links Between Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms From Mid-Adolescence to Early Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02045-z. [PMID: 38963580 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have sought to determine whether low self-esteem acts as a risk factor for depressive symptoms (i.e., a vulnerability model) or whether depressive symptoms lead to a decrease in self-esteem (i.e., a scar model). Although both models have received some support, very little research has: (a) addressed this question across critical life transitions likely to modify this pattern of associations, such as the transition to adulthood; (b) sought to identify the psychological mechanisms (i.e., mediators) underpinning these associations. The present study was designed to address these two limitations, focusing on the directionality of the associations between depressive symptoms and self-esteem from mid-adolescence to early adulthood while considering the role of motivational factors, namely mastery (intrinsic/extrinsic) and performance (approach/avoidance) goals as conceptualized in achievement goal theory. A sample of 707 Finnish adolescents aged 15-16 (52.1% boys) was surveyed six times up to the age of 25. Results from a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) revealed that depressed individuals were more likely to have low self-esteem, although self-esteem protected against depressive symptoms between ages 16-17 to 20-21. Moreover, while self-esteem promoted mastery-extrinsic goals which in turn reinforced self-esteem, depressive symptoms promoted performance-avoidance goals which led to more depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Overall, these findings highlight (1) the long-lasting negative consequences of depressive symptoms on self-esteem and (2) the crucial role played by academic motivation in explaining the development of depressive symptoms and self-esteem over time. In turn, these results help refine the vulnerability and scar models, and suggest that motivational factors should be considered in prevention and intervention efforts among young populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Gilbert
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
| | - Rayana Eltanoukhi
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richards JS, Hartman CA, Ormel J, Oldehinkel AJ. Continuity of Psychopathology Throughout Adolescence and Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:623-636. [PMID: 35259007 PMCID: PMC11318507 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2042695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested two opposing hypotheses on the continuity of psychopathology throughout adolescence and young adulthood; differentiation versus dynamic mutualism. Differentiation predicts that co-occurrence decreases, while dynamic mutualism predicts that co-occurrence increases due to causal interactions amongst mental health problems. METHOD Using data from the Dutch TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (n = 2228, 51% female), we studied the development of self-reported internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems at ages 11 to 26 across six waves. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling was employed to distinguish within-person development from stable between-person processes. RESULTS Large stable between-person associations indicated that adolescents with internalizing problems tended to have both externalizing and attention problems as well. On a within-person level, mental health problems showed partial stability and strong cross-sectional co-occurrence. Within-wave associations of internalizing with externalizing or attention problems decreased between age 11 and 16 years, after which they increased again. Little heterotypic continuity was found: age 11 externalizing predicted age 13 attention, which in turn predicted age 16 externalizing problems, and internalizing predicted externalizing problems across ages 22 to 26. Findings were similar for males and females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest co-occurrence decreases during early and middle adolescence, supporting differentiation. While co-occurrence increased again into young adulthood, this could not be labeled as dynamic mutualism because little evidence for heterotypic continuity was found in this phase of life. The strong stable links between internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems stress the importance of targeting these mental health problems and their shared risk factors together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Richards
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation
| | - Johan Ormel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nobakht HN, Steinsbekk S, Wichstrøm L. Reciprocal relations between interparental aggression and symptoms of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: a seven-wave cohort study of within-family effects from preschool to adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:753-763. [PMID: 37786360 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interparental aggression is believed to increase the risk of behavioral disorders in offspring, and offspring behavioral problems may forecast interparental aggression. However, these assumptions have yet to be put to a strong test. This study, therefore, examined whether increased interparental aggression predicted increased symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) from preschool to adolescence and vice versa. METHODS A sample (n = 1,077; 49.6% girls) from two birth cohorts of children in Trondheim, Norway, was assessed biennially from age 4 to 16. Children's symptoms of ODD and CD were assessed using semi-structured clinical interviews of parents (from age 4) and children (from age 8). One of the parents reported on their own and their partner's verbal and physical aggression. A random intercept cross-lagged model was estimated to test the within-family relations between interparental aggression, CD, and ODD symptoms. RESULTS Across development, increased interparental aggression predicted increased CD symptoms 2 years later, whereas an increased number of ODD symptoms forecasted increased interparental aggression. CONCLUSIONS The argumentative/defiant, aggressive, and vindictive behaviors seen in ODD are often directed toward parents and may take a toll on their relationship and possibly foster interparental aggression, whereas aggression between parents may promote symptoms of CD in their offspring, which commonly extend beyond the home. Incorporating effective and non-aggressive means to solve interparental conflict into parental management programs may reduce the development of symptoms of CDs in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Niyaraq Nobakht
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Li S, Hu Y, Ren L, Jiang Y, Yu M, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Li J, Yao Y. The bi-directional relationships between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function in older adults in China: separating between-person effects from within-person effects. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:426. [PMID: 38741042 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the bi-directorial association between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function over a 7-year period. METHODS Data analyzed was from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a large-scale longitudinal national study. The baseline survey was conducted in 2011 with follow-up every three years. We traced a total of 2718 participants over a period of 7 years. We used adjusted random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) to examine the bi-directorial associations between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function. RESULTS We observed bi-directorial associations between diversity of leisure activity and cognitive function across waves at the between-person and within-person levels. The adjusted random intercept cross-lagged panel models fitted the data appropriately, and the 3-year cross-lagged effects of prior diversified leisure activity participation on cognitive function (β = 0.058, p < 0.01) and cognitive function on subsequent diversified leisure activity participation (β = 0.047, p < 0.05) were significant. The results remained after adjusting the model for baseline sex, age, educational level, marital status and current residence, the number of chronic diseases, ADL, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, smoking, and drinking. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a reciprocal causality relationship between diversified leisure activity participation and cognitive function, indicating a "positive circle" that further promotes cognition over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longbing Ren
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhi Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejin Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bartlett GR, Magson NM, Richardson CE, Rapee RM, Fardouly J, Oar EL. The meditating role of sleep in the longitudinal associations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:878-892. [PMID: 36855808 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of heightened vulnerability for both peer victimization (PV) and internalizing symptoms. While the positive association between them is well established, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. To address this gap, the current study aimed to investigate sleep hygiene and school night sleep duration as individual and sequential mediators of the relationship between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms during pre- to mid-adolescence. The study drew upon a community sample of 528 Australian youth aged 10-12 years at baseline (M age = 11.19, SD = .55; 51.1% boys) and data were collected over five annual measurement occasions. Direct and indirect longitudinal and bidirectional associations were examined using cross-lagged panel analysis. There was no evidence of sequential mediation through both sleep hygiene and sleep duration to depression and social anxiety. Instead, the findings show that sleep hygiene mediated the prospective association between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms, and between PV and sleep duration. Overall, sleep hygiene represents a modifiable transdiagnostic factor that can be targeted to break the cycle of PV, inadequate sleep, and internalizing symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian R Bartlett
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Natasha M Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cele E Richardson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kellij S, Lodder GM, Giletta M, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Güroğlu B, Veenstra R. Are there negative cycles of peer victimization and rejection sensitivity? Testing ri-CLPMs in two longitudinal samples of young adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:844-856. [PMID: 36794389 PMCID: PMC7616006 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study's aim was to examine whether there are negative increasing cycles of peer victimization and rejection sensitivity over time. Drawing from Social Information Processing Theory, we hypothesized that victimization leads to higher levels of rejection sensitivity, which would put adolescents at risk for higher future victimization. Data were collected in a four-wave study with 233 Dutch adolescents starting secondary education (Mage = 12.7 years), and a three-wave study with 711 Australian adolescents in the last years of primary school (Mage = 10.8 years). Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to disentangle between-person from within-person effects. In each sample, a significant between-person association was found: adolescents with higher levels of victimization as compared to their peers also reported higher levels of rejection sensitivity. At the within-person level, all concurrent associations between individual fluctuations of victimization and rejection sensitivity were significant, but there were no significant cross-lagged effects (except in some sensitivity analyses). These findings demonstrate that victimization and rejection sensitivity are interrelated, but there may not be negative victimization-rejection sensitivity cycles during the early-middle adolescent years. Possibly, cycles establish earlier in life or results are due to shared underlying factors. Further research is needed examining different time lags between assessments, age groups, and contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Kellij
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University,
Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical
Center, Netherlands
| | | | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University,
Netherlands
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology,
Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Berna Güroğlu
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Leiden University,
Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical
Center, Netherlands
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kemp S, Yogeeswaran K, Stronge S, Yaghoubi M, Sibley CG. Disentangling the within- and between-person effects of personality on income for men and women. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231750. [PMID: 39076795 PMCID: PMC11285837 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between personality and income is a topic of interest across multiple disciplines. Correlations between people's personalities and their incomes may arise because differences in stable personalities relate to income differences (between-person effects) or because changes in personality or income are later reflected in the other variable (within-person effects). The current research uses random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to disentangle the two sorts of effects to better understand the relationship between the six factors of personality and income. Using data from 6824 working-age adults in New Zealand across 4 years, we found between-person effects showing higher incomes were obtained by both men and women who were more extraverted, agreeable and open, and less neurotic. Within-person effects showed that earning a higher income was associated with higher neuroticism and lower extraversion over time, while higher extraversion was associated with a lower income over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kemp
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kumar Yogeeswaran
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Samantha Stronge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mona Yaghoubi
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris G. Sibley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang Y, Novin S, Lin X, Becht A, Thomaes S. Parental psychological control and children's self-esteem: A longitudinal investigation in children with and without oppositional defiant problems. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:50. [PMID: 38685070 PMCID: PMC11059723 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oppositional defiant problems are among the most prevalent psychological problems among children and adolescents from China and across the world. Still little is understood about how self-esteem, in conjunction with parenting experiences, develops in children with oppositional defiant problems. We addressed this gap of knowledge in a two-year longitudinal study. Specifically, we explored how parental psychological control predicts children's self-esteem levels over time, and in turn, how children's self-esteem levels predict parental psychological control. We collected data in Chinese children (ages 8 to 13 at T1) with (N = 224) and without (N = 217) oppositional defiant problems, and tested three-wave cross-lagged panel models. Multigroup analyses showed that the associations between parental psychological control and children's self-esteem were the same for children with and without oppositional defiant problems. Results for the total sample revealed bi-directional associations between maternal psychological control and children's self-esteem. Children who perceived more psychological control from their mothers were likely to exhibit lower self-esteem over time, and vice versa, children with lower self-esteem were likely to perceive more maternal psychological control over time. Conversely, a unidirectional paternal effect was observed in father-child dyads. Our findings help understand the parent-child dynamics that shape the psychological development of children with oppositional defiant problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tang
- Department of Development Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sheida Novin
- Department of Development Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Andrik Becht
- Department of Education and Pedagogy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Thomaes
- Department of Development Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Kaufman T, Mastrotheodoros S, Branje S. The Longitudinal Associations Between Parental Autonomy Support, Autonomy and Peer Resistance. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1015-1027. [PMID: 38066317 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents' autonomy is considered to be shaped within family and peer contexts. However, the specific dynamics of the within-person associations between parental autonomy support, adolescents' general autonomy, and peer resistance over time remain unclear. To address this, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were employed in a sample of 290 Dutch youth in early adolescence (Mage = 11.58, SD = 0.44 at T1; 49.3% boys) and 220 Dutch youth in middle to late adolescence (Mage = 17.79, SD = 1.47 at T1; 25.0% boys), who were followed over two years across four time points. Results showed that changes in adolescents' general autonomy were concurrently associated with changes in their parental autonomy support and peer resistance at the within-person level. However, these associations were not observed longitudinally over a six-month period. These findings suggest that increases in supportive parenting and peer resistance co-occur with increases in adolescents' autonomy within individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wang
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tessa Kaufman
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanos Mastrotheodoros
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kullberg MJ, Van Schie CC, Allegrini AG, Ahmadzadeh Y, Wechsler DL, Elzinga BM, McAdams TA. Comparing findings from the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model and the monozygotic twin difference cross-lagged panel model: Maladaptive parenting and offspring emotional and behavioural problems. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12203. [PMID: 38486957 PMCID: PMC10933702 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we compare results obtained when applying the monozygotic twin difference cross-lagged panel model (MZD-CLPM) and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to the same data. Each of these models is designed to strengthen researchers' ability to draw causal inference from cross-lagged associations. We explore differences and similarities in how each model does this, and in the results each model produces. Specifically, we examine associations between maladaptive parenting and child emotional and behavioural problems in identical twins aged 9, 12 and 16. Method Child reports of 5698 identical twins from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) were analysed. We ran a regular CLPM to anchor our findings within the current literature, then applied the MZD-CLPM and the RI-CLPM. Results The RI-CLPM and MZD-CLPM each enable researchers to evaluate the direction of effects between correlated variables, after accounting for unmeasured sources of potential confounding. Our interpretation of these models therefore focusses primarily on the magnitude and significance of cross-lagged associations. In both the MZD-CLPM and the RI-CLPM behavioural problems at age 9 resulted in higher levels of maladaptive parenting at age 12. Other effects were not consistently significant across the two models, although the majority of estimates pointed in the same direction. Conclusion In light of the triangulated methods, differences in the results obtained using the MZD-CLPM and the RI-CLPM underline the importance of careful consideration of what sources of unmeasured confounding different models control for and that nuance is required when interpreting findings using such models. We provide an overview of what the CLPM, RI-CLPM and MZD-CLPM can and cannot control for in this respect and the conclusions that can be drawn from each model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte C. Van Schie
- Institute of Clinical PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia
| | - Andrea G. Allegrini
- Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yasmin Ahmadzadeh
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel L. Wechsler
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bernet M. Elzinga
- Institute of Clinical PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Promenta Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu W, Xie R, Ding W, Ding D, Tan D, Song S, Li W. A reciprocal relationship between parental maltreatment and child bullying perpetration in China. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:127-140. [PMID: 38013604 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between parental maltreatment and child bullying perpetration from middle childhood to early adolescence in China and the associated gender differences. Eight hundred ninety-one children completed a battery of questionnaires at four time points. A random-intercept cross-lagged model was established. The results indicated that at the between-person level, child bullying perpetration was positively associated with physical and psychological maltreatment. At the within-person level, there was a significant association between an increase in bullying perpetration and an increase in parental psychological and physical maltreatment across the four time points. Conversely, an increase in physical maltreatment led to an increase in child bullying perpetration from T1 to T2, while an increase in psychological maltreatment resulted in an increase in child bullying perpetration from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3. Furthermore, an increase in physical maltreatment increased boys' bullying perpetration but decreased that in girls from T2 to T3. These findings provide inspiration for future family education and anti-bullying interventions in schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ruibo Xie
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wan Ding
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Suzhou Borui School, Suzhou, China
| | - Deqin Tan
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shengcheng Song
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Li
- School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beckers D, Burk WJ, Larsen JK, Cillessen AHN. The bidirectional associations between self-esteem and problematic eating behaviors in adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:104-115. [PMID: 37902407 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theories propose that low self-esteem and problematic eating behaviors (PEBs) negatively impact each other. While previous studies suggested bidirectional associations between self-esteem and PEBs, they did not separate within-person from between-person associations. Therefore, this prospective study investigated the within-person bidirectional associations between self-esteem and four PEBs in adolescence, while accounting for between-person differences. METHOD We used two independent longitudinal samples of Dutch adolescents, each including three annually collected waves of data. Sample 1 consisted of 1856 adolescents (Baseline: 50.4% males; Mage = 13.79 years, SDage = 0.72), with measures of self-esteem, emotional eating, restrained eating, and loss of control (LOC) while overeating. Sample 2 consisted of 555 adolescents (Baseline: 49.7% males; Mage = 13.13 years, SDage = 0.68), with measures of self-esteem and LOC eating. The data were analyzed using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs). RESULTS Within persons, lower self-esteem was associated with higher emotional and restrained eating (both Sample 1) one year later, and vice versa. Self-esteem did not predict, nor was predicted by, LOC while overeating (Sample 1) or LOC eating (Sample 2). Between persons, self-esteem was negatively correlated with all PEBs (Samples 1 and 2). DISCUSSION We found within-person bidirectional associations between low self-esteem and emotional and restrained eating (but not LOC while overeating/LOC eating), and between-person correlations between low self-esteem and all PEBs. These results have theoretical and practical implications. Within-person processes clarify underlying mechanisms that explain the occurrence of PEBs; between-person associations are important to identify adolescents at risk of PEBs. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE While theories indicate that low self-esteem and PEBs are inversely associated within individuals, empirical studies have not disentangled within-person processes from between-person differences. This study addressed this disparity, finding that lower self-esteem was bidirectionally associated with higher emotional and restrained eating (but not LOC eating) within persons. These findings suggest that enhancing self-esteem is a viable option for prevention and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desi Beckers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Zhang Y, Luo Y. Does Subjective Well-Being Improve Self-Rated Health from Undergraduate Studies to Three Years after Graduation in China? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2813. [PMID: 37957958 PMCID: PMC10649333 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The health status of emerging adults is at risk. Although subjective well-being is one of the factors closely associated with health, their longitudinal relationship is not clear among emerging adults. The study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between self-rated health and subjective well-being in emerging adults. The study collected longitudinal data from a total of 1021 Chinese college students (537 males and 484 females) for five years, including two years in college and three years after graduation. In the baseline survey, the average age of the sample was 21.57 years old. Descriptive statistics indicated that both self-rated health and subjective well-being significantly decreased from the senior year of college to the year after graduation. Correlation analysis revealed that self-rated health and subjective well-being had a significant positive relationship. In the five-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model, subjective well-being unidirectionally predicted self-rated health. In other words, the subjective well-being in the previous year could positively predict self-rated health in the following year, but the previous self-rated health could not predict subsequent subjective well-being. Given the significance of emerging adulthood to individual development, more attention and care should be dedicated to improving subjective well-being so as to maintain good health and engagement in work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ayers SL, Kulis SS, Marsiglia FF, Campos AP, Medina-Mora ME. Keepin' It REAL-Mantente REAL in Mexico: Longitudinal Examination of Youth Drug Resistance Strategies and Substance Use Among Early Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:412-420. [PMID: 37422739 PMCID: PMC10524980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined if culturally and linguistically adapted versions of a US-developed adolescent substance use prevention intervention, keepin' it REAL (kiREAL), for Mexico increases the use of drug resistance strategies and if increased use of resistance strategies subsequently leads to a reduction in the frequency of substance use (i.e., alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and inhalants). METHODS Students (N = 5,522, 49% female, age range = 11-17) in 36 middle schools across three cities in Mexico were randomized into three conditions: (1) Mantente REAL (MREAL), the culturally adapted version, (2) kiREAL-S, the linguistically adapted version, and (3) Control. Using survey data collected at four time points, random intercept cross-lagged path analyses tested the direct and indirect effects of MREAL and kiREAL-S compared to Control. RESULTS At time 2, the number of drug resistance strategies used by students increased in both MREAL (β = 0.103, p = .001) and kiREAL-S (β = 0.064, p = .002) compared to Control. However, only MREAL lead to less frequent use of alcohol (β = -0.001, p = .038), cigarettes (β = -0.001, p = .019), marijuana (β = -0.002, p = .030), and inhalants (β = -0.001, p = .021) at time 4, mediated through increased use of drug resistance strategies. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence that MREAL and kiREAL-S are successful in spurring use of the drug resistance strategies that are the core component of the intervention. Only MREAL achieved long-term effects on substance use behaviors, the ultimate objective of these interventions. These findings provide support for the value and importance of rigorous cultural adaptation of efficacious prevention programs as a necessary condition for enhancing prevention benefits for participating youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Ayers
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Stephen S Kulis
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Flavio F Marsiglia
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ana Paola Campos
- Global Center for Applied Health Research, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Maria Elena Medina-Mora
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Panayiotou M, Finning K, Hennessey A, Ford T, Humphrey N. Longitudinal pathways between emotional difficulties and school absenteeism in middle childhood: Evidence from developmental cascades. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1323-1334. [PMID: 34955109 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100122x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emotional difficulties are associated with both authorized and unauthorized school absence, but there has been little longitudinal research and the temporal nature of these associations remains unclear. This study presents three-wave random-intercepts panel models of longitudinal reciprocal relationships between teacher-reported emotional difficulties and authorized and unauthorized school absence in 2,542 English children aged 6 to 9 years old at baseline, who were followed-up annually. Minor differences in the stability effects were observed between genders but only for the authorized absence model. Across all time points, children with greater emotional difficulties had more absences, and vice versa (authorized: ρ = .23-.29, p < .01; unauthorized: ρ = .28, p < .01). At the within-person level, concurrent associations showed that emotional difficulties were associated with greater authorized (β = .15-.17, p < .01) absence at Time 3 only, but with less unauthorized (β = -.08-.13, p < .05) absence at Times 1 and 2. In cross-lagged pathways, neither authorized nor unauthorized absence predicted later emotional difficulties, and emotional difficulties did not predict later authorized absence at any time point. However, greater emotional difficulties were associated with fewer unauthorized absences across time (β = -13-.22, p < .001). The implications of these findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil Humphrey
- University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Education, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dhondt N, Staines L, Healy C, Cannon M. Childhood adversity and recurrence of psychotic experiences during adolescence: the role of mediation in an analysis of a population-based longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4046-4054. [PMID: 35311635 PMCID: PMC10317802 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences (PEs) are relatively common in childhood and adolescence and are associated with increased risk of functional issues and psychiatric illness in young adulthood, and PEs that recur are associated with increased risk of poorer psychiatric and functional outcomes. Childhood adversity is a well-established risk factor for PEs. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) the relationship between childhood adversity and recurring PEs in adolescence and (2) candidate mediators of that relationship. METHODS We used data from Cohort '98 of the Growing Up in Ireland study (n = 6039) at three time points (ages 9, 13 and 17) to investigate the relationship between childhood adversity (parent-reported at age 9), recurring PEs (measured using a subset of the Adolescent Psychotic-like Symptoms Screener at ages 13 and 17). The mediating roles of parent-child relationship, internalising and externalising difficulties, self-concept, physical activity, dietary quality, perceived neighbourhood safety and friendship quantity were investigated using the KHB path decomposition method. RESULTS Childhood adversity was associated with an increased risk of recurring PEs with a population attributable fraction of 23%. Internalising difficulties and self-concept explained 13% of the relationship between childhood adversity and PEs suggesting a partial mediation. A significant direct effect remained between childhood adversity and recurring PEs. CONCLUSIONS The established relationship between childhood adversity and PEs may be mainly driven by the relationship between childhood adversity and recurring PEs. Internalising difficulties and self-concept together mediate part of the relationship between childhood adversity and recurring PEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Dhondt
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L. Staines
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M. Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nawrocka S, De Witte H, Pasini M, Brondino M. A Person-Centered Approach to Job Insecurity: Is There a Reciprocal Relationship between the Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Job Insecurity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5280. [PMID: 37047896 PMCID: PMC10094064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Radical transformations in the current work model induce qualitative job insecurity (i.e., a threat to job characteristics) and strengthen quantitative job insecurity (i.e., a threat to job loss). Both dimensions are separate yet interdependent work stressors. Although organisational changes are often the core source for both types of job insecurity, it is predominantly a subjective experience-individual perception ultimately determines the risk and the consequences of these threats. So far, the between-person analysis suggests that the relationship between the two dimensions is in both directions. However, it is not clear whether these associations also reflect within-person processes. This study proposes and tests the reciprocal relationship between quantitative and qualitative job insecurity at the within-person level. We employed a multiple indicator random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to test these associations within-person while controlling for between-person differences. We used three-wave longitudinal data (6 months' time lag) collected from a Belgian working population (N = 3694). The results suggest a unidirectional relationship (from quantitative to qualitative job insecurity). Furthermore, the results reveal significant within-person carry-over effects of quantitative job insecurity but not for qualitative job insecurity. Overall, these results suggest that a change in the experience of threats to job loss (i.e., higher-than-usual quantitative job insecurity) not only anticipates higher-than-usual threats to job loss (autoregressive paths) but also higher-than-usual threats to job characteristics (i.e., qualitative job insecurity), six months later. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on how job insecurity dimensions influence each other. Given these results and the continuous changes to how we work, we call for further research to better understand the within-person processes of job insecurity development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nawrocka
- Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Hans De Witte
- Research Group Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Margherita Pasini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Niu X, Taylor MM, Wicks JJ, Fassett-Carman AN, Moser AD, Neilson C, Peterson EC, Kaiser RH, Snyder HR. Longitudinal Relations Between Emotion Regulation and Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:350-366. [PMID: 37168696 PMCID: PMC10010247 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation are putative risk and protective factors for depression and anxiety, but most prior research does not differentiate within-person effects from between-person individual differences. The current study does so during the early part of the Covid-19 pandemic when internalizing symptoms were high. Methods A sample of emerging adult undergraduate students (N = 154) completed online questionnaires bi-weekly on depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation across eight weeks during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic (April 2nd to June 27th, 2020). Results Depression demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, catastrophizing, and self-blame, and negative correlations with overall adaptive emotion regulation and reappraisal. Anxiety demonstrated significantly positive between-person correlations with overall maladaptive emotion regulation, rumination, and catastrophizing, and a negative correlation with reappraisal. After controlling for these between-person associations, however, there were generally no within-person associations between emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms might be temporally stable individual differences that cooccur with one another as opposed to having a more dynamic relation. Alternatively, these dynamic mechanisms might operate over much shorter or longer periods compared to the two-week time lag in the current study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10366-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | | | | | - Alyssa N. Fassett-Carman
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Amelia D. Moser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Chiara Neilson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Elena C. Peterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Renee Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Roselinde H. Kaiser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Renee Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joshanloo M. Temporal associations between depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and satisfaction with family life: A 15-year study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1144776. [PMID: 36992885 PMCID: PMC10040576 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In South Korea, depression has significant economic and social impacts, including increased healthcare costs and a relatively high suicide rate. Reducing the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the general population is therefore an important public health goal in this country. To achieve this goal, it is essential to identify the factors that may increase or decrease the risk of depression. This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and two indicators of wellbeing: self-esteem and satisfaction with family life. A primary objective was to examine whether higher self-esteem and satisfaction with family life could predict a decrease in depressive symptoms in the future. Methods A large representative sample was used, collected over a 15-year period with annual lags. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to examine reciprocal associations between the 3 variables at the within-person level. Results All within-person effects were found to be reciprocal, significant, and in the expected direction. Thus, within-person deviations in any of the variables are associated with future within-person deviations in the other variables. Discussion These results suggest that indicators of positive mental health (self-esteem and satisfaction with family life) are protective factors against future depressive symptoms. In addition, depressive symptoms are risk factors for lower self-esteem and lower satisfaction with family life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Association between Negative Life Events and Somatic Symptoms: A Mediation Model through Self-Esteem and Depression. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030243. [PMID: 36975269 PMCID: PMC10045670 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the serial multiple mediation of self-esteem and depression in the relationship between negative life events and somatic symptoms in Chinese medical students. We recruited a total of 3383 medical students for this study, and used the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 to assess the somatic symptoms of subjects; the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List to assess negative life events; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to assess self-esteem; and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Descriptive analysis and statistical tests were then performed on the collected data. We showed that 39.17% of the medical students had mild somatic symptoms, 24.14% had moderate somatic symptoms, and 5.66% had severe somatic symptoms; we observed significant differences in somatic symptoms among genders, living expenses, and one-child. For negative life events, interpersonal stress was the most important predictor of somatization during the regression analysis. In addition, we observed significance for both the direct and part of the indirect paths from negative life events to somatic symptoms using mediation model analysis. However, we noted that there was no significance for the path through negative life events and self-esteem to somatic symptoms. This study revealed a high prevalence of somatic symptoms among Chinese medical students, and the findings suggested that interventions aimed at reducing somatization in this population should consider the impact of negative life events, particularly those related to interpersonal stress. One potential approach to mitigating the effects of negative life events on somatization is to enhance self-esteem and decrease the level of depression among medical students.
Collapse
|
24
|
Trompeter N, Austen E, Bussey K, Reilly EE, Cunningham ML, Mond J, Lonergan A, Tame J, Mitchison D. Examination of bidirectional relationships between fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns over 3 years: A longitudinal cohort study of Australian adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:646-653. [PMID: 36609864 PMCID: PMC10357886 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents commonly experience both fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns. However, evidence concerning the prospective associations between these constructs during adolescence is limited. The current study examined the bidirectional relationships between fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns over a 3-year period in adolescents. METHOD Australian high school students (n = 2073; 55% girls) completed self-report measures at three timepoints, each 1 year apart. RESULTS Findings showed a bidirectional relationship, whereby increases in fear of negative evaluation predicted exacerbated weight/shape concerns, and vice versa. Results point towards a vicious maintenance cycle between fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns. DISCUSSION Findings from the current study highlight the importance of considering both fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns in the development of health promotion and prevention programs designed to reduce the occurrence and adverse effects of body dissatisfaction or improve general mental health. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Many adolescents experience some level of fear of negative evaluation (i.e., worry about being judged by others) and worry about their weight and/or shape. This study examined the prospective relationship between both constructs. Findings showed a bidirectional relationship, whereby higher fear of negative evaluation predicted increased weight/shape concerns, and vice versa. Programs designed to reduce body dissatisfaction might be improved by targeting both fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Trompeter
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Austen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kay Bussey
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Mond
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Lonergan
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jack Tame
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tran T, Liu Q, Cole DA. Prospective and Contemporaneous Relations of Self-Esteem and Depressed Affect in the Context of Parent-Child Closeness during Adolescence: A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:506-518. [PMID: 36401708 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent self-esteem and depression are influenced by important psychosocial factors such as parental relationships, yet it is unclear how these within-person relations present over time. The current study investigates the longitudinal relations between self-esteem, depressed affect, and parent-adolescent closeness during middle adolescence. Adolescents (n = 562; mean age = 14.73, SD = 0.82; 52% female; 72% White, 28% Racial Minority) were surveyed annually over four years (1988-1991). A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was applied to disaggregate between- and within-person associations. Consistent with the scar model, adolescents experiencing heightened depressed affect were likely to have lower self-esteem. Furthermore, perceived mother-adolescent, but not father-adolescent, closeness positively predicted adolescent self-esteem. The results highlight the importance of considering interpersonal relationships and age in developmental models of self-esteem and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Tran
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Pl #5721, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Pl #5721, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - David A Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Pl #5721, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The longitudinal association between patient empowerment and patient-reported outcomes: What is the direction of effect? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277267. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Theoretical literature and cross-sectional studies suggest empowerment is associated with other patient-reported outcomes (PROs). However, it is not known if patient empowerment is leading to improvements in other PROs or vice versa.
Aims
The present study aimed to examine the direction of effects between patient empowerment and PROs in young persons with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Methods
As part of the STEPSTONES-CHD trial, adolescents with CHD from seven pediatric cardiology centers in Sweden were included in a longitudinal observational study (n = 132). Data were collected when patients were 16 (T0), 17 (T1) and 18 ½ years old (T2). The Gothenburg Young Persons Empowerment Scale (GYPES) was used to measure patient empowerment. Random intercepts cross-lagged panel models between patient empowerment and PROs (communication skills; patient-reported health; quality of life; and transition readiness) were undertaken.
Results
We found a significant cross-lagged effect of transition readiness over patient empowerment between T1 and T2, signifying that a higher level of transition readiness predicted a higher level of patient empowerment. No other significant cross-lagged relationships were found.
Conclusion
Feeling confident before the transition to adult care is necessary before young persons with CHD can feel in control to manage their health and their lives. Clinicians interested in improving patient empowerment during the transitional period should consider targeting transition readiness.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lilly KJ, Sibley CG, Osborne D. Examining the between‐ and within‐person effects of relative deprivation: Results from a 7‐year longitudinal panel sample. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Lilly
- School of Psychology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Chris G. Sibley
- School of Psychology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Danny Osborne
- School of Psychology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boyne H, Hamza CA. Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, Self-Compassion and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Emerging Adults: An Examination of the Between and Within-Person Associations Over Time. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1269-1285. [PMID: 36111318 PMCID: PMC9465554 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211029768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging adults report experiencing mental health challenges (e.g., depressive symptoms and perceived stress) during the transition to university. These mental health challenges often coincide with increased engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI; e.g., self-cutting or burning without lethal intent), but longitudinal research exploring the nature of the associations among depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and NSSI are lacking. In the present study, it was examined whether depressive symptoms and perceived stress predicted increased risk for NSSI over time (or the reverse), and whether these effects were mediated or moderated by self-compassion. The sample consisted of 1,125 university students (Mage = 17.96 years, 74% female), who completed an online survey three times in first year university. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that higher depressive symptoms, perceived stress, NSSI, and lower self-compassion often co-occurred, but only NSSI predicted increased perceived stress over time. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Boyne
- Applied Psychology and Human Development,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chloe A. Hamza
- Applied Psychology and Human Development,
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schreurs L, Vandenbosch L. Different interactions with appearance-focused social media content and adolescents’ body dissatisfaction: A within-person perspective. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Ti Y, Wei J, Hao Z. The longitudinal association between loneliness and self-esteem among Chinese college freshmen. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
31
|
Bruine M, Denissen JJA, Giletta M. Disentangling the effects of peer status and peer victimization on perceived physical health in adolescence. J Adolesc 2022; 94:435-447. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Bruine
- Department Developmental Psychology Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J. A. Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department Developmental Psychology Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Austen E, Griffiths S. Weight stigma predicts reduced psychological wellbeing and weight gain among sexual minority men: A 12-month longitudinal cohort study using random intercept cross-lagged panel models. Body Image 2022; 40:19-29. [PMID: 34800860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Weight stigma among sexual minority men predicts negative health outcomes; however, existing research is cross-sectional. Therefore, we longitudinally examined the presence, strength, and direction of relationships between weight stigma and health outcomes in a multi-national cohort of 2953 sexual minority men (Mage = 37.70, SDage = 13.70). Participants reported their Body Mass Index (BMI), experiences of weight discrimination, internalized weight bias, and psychological quality of life at three time-points over 12 months (~August 2019-20). Analyses revealed feedback loops of internalized weight bias with BMI and psychological quality of life: over time, increases in internalized weight bias were associated with small BMI increases (β = 0.07) and small decreases in psychological quality of life (β = 0.12). Reciprocally, increases in BMI and decreases in psychological quality of life were associated with increases in internalized weight bias (βs = 0.18). Experiences of weight discrimination were not longitudinally predictive and were associated with higher BMI (β = 0.29), greater internalized weight bias (β = 0.29), and lower psychological quality of life (β = 0.26) between-persons/cross-sectionally only. Weight stigma is longitudinally and reciprocally associated with reduced psychological wellbeing and weight gain among sexual minority men. Internalized weight bias is a particularly promising intervention target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Austen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The dark triad and bullying in adolescence: A three-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
Scarpato BS, Swardfager W, Eid M, Ploubidis GB, MacIntosh BJ, Wu CY, Launer LJ, Cogo-Moreira H. Dynamics between psychological distress and body mass index throughout adult life; evidence from 3 large cohort studies. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:378-388. [PMID: 34737123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress (PD) have been reported; however, few longitudinal studies have accounted for likely life-course differences in BMI and PD stability, consistency, and their interplay across time. METHODS Via random intercepts cross-lagged panel models, we assessed the predictive effects (from BMI to PD or vice-versa) across the last two centuries in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults [CARDIA, beginning in 1985-6] study using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D], and in the National Child Development Study [NCDS, beginning in 1958] and British Cohort Study [BCS, beginning in 1970] using the Malaise Inventory [MI]), assessed at least 4 times in adult life. FINDINGS In CARDIA (n = 4724), NCDS58 (n = 7149) and BCS70 (n = 5967), autoregressive effects were stronger for BMI than for PD, meaning that carry-over effects from one occasion to the next were larger for BMI than for PD. Small interindividual correlations between traits of higher BMI and higher PD were identified among females (rfemale<|0·2|) but not males (rmale<|0·03|) in CARDIA and NCDS. Cross-lagged effects were very weak or close to zero (standardized effects η<|0·1|). INTERPRETATION In the United States, depressive symptoms and BMI were positively correlated at the trait level among females. In the United Kingdom, relationships between PD and BMI were inconsistent between generations, with effect sizes of unlikely clinical importance, indicating negligible dominance of an intraindividual effect of BMI on PD or vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Scarpato
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Eid
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - G B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK
| | - B J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Y Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - L J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - H Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun L, Ju J, Kang L, Bian Y. "More control, more conflicts?" Clarifying the longitudinal relations between parental psychological Control and parent-adolescent Conflict by disentangling between-family effects from within-family effects. J Adolesc 2021; 93:212-221. [PMID: 34808493 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a period when adolescents seek autonomy and parent-adolescent conflict appears inevitable. Even though some research found that parental psychological control triggered parent-adolescent conflict, studies clarifying the directionality of effects at the within-family level are scarce. This study investigated the longitudinal relations between parental psychological control and parent-adolescent conflict using a traditional cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and the random-intercept CLPM (RI-CLPM) framework. METHODS Data from 2473 Chinese adolescents (Mage Time1 = 13.20 years, standard deviation = 0.52 years; 51.4% male) were collected via a cross-sectional survey across three time points. Adolescents reported on parental psychological control, parent-adolescent conflict, and demographic characteristics at each time point. CLPM and RI-CLPM were utilized. RESULTS The results from the CLPM analyses suggested a reciprocal effects model. However, the results from the RI-CLPM framework supported a conflict-driven model at the within-family level, wherein if parent-adolescent conflict increased, subsequent parental psychological control would increase as a result. The reverse pattern was not observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the maladaptive processes of parent-adolescent conflict that shape parental psychologically controlling behaviors in Chinese families at the within-family level. Practical implications, including how to assist Chinese parents to address parent-adolescent conflict and to reduce psychological control, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- College of Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China; College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, China; Child and Family Education Research Center, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Liying Kang
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China; Family Education Research Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, China; Child and Family Education Research Center, Beijing Normal University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Buyukcan-Tetik A, Pronk TM. Partner self-control and intrusive behaviors: A gender-specific examination of the mediating role of trust. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Griffith JM, Young JF, Hankin BL. Longitudinal Coupling of Depression in Parent-Adolescent Dyads: Within- and Between-Dyad Effects Over Time. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:1059-1079. [PMID: 35003905 PMCID: PMC8740952 DOI: 10.1177/2167702621998313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work evaluated reciprocal, within-dyad associations between parent-adolescent depressive symptoms across two independent samples (N=327 and N=435 dyads, respectively; approximately 85% biological mothers) assessed every three months for two (Study 1) to three (Study 2) years. Results of random intercept cross-lagged panel models converged to support positive contemporaneous patterns of co-fluctuation in parent and adolescent depression, such that within-person deviations in parental depression were associated with same direction within-person deviations in adolescent depression at the same timepoint. In contrast, within-person fluctuations in parent depression did not predict prospective within-person fluctuations in adolescent depression, or vice versa, across the follow-up period. Results held across boys and girls, as well as dyads with and without a parental history of depressive disorder. Overall, findings advance knowledge by demonstrating that, after accounting for between-person/dyad variance, parent and adolescent depression demonstrate contemporaneous co-fluctuations, but do not demonstrate within-dyad reciprocity over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M. Griffith
- University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820
| | - Jami F. Young
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Benjamin L. Hankin
- University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Grosz MP, Lemp JM, Rammstedt B, Lechner CM. Personality Change Through Arts Education: A Review and Call for Further Research. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:360-384. [PMID: 34283673 PMCID: PMC8902031 DOI: 10.1177/1745691621991852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Education involving active engagement in the arts, herein called arts education, is often believed to foster the development of desirable personality traits and skills in children and adolescents. Yet the impact of arts education on personality development has rarely been systematically investigated. In the current article, we reviewed the literature on personality change through arts education. We identified 36 suitable experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Evidence from these studies tentatively suggests that arts-education programs can foster personality traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness but not self-esteem. In addition, the effects of arts education appeared to be stronger in early and middle childhood than in preadolescence and early adolescence. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of arts education was very limited among the few included true experiments. Furthermore, the reviewed studies were heterogenous and subject to content-related, methodological, and statistical limitations. Thus, the current evidence base is inconclusive as to the effects of arts education on personality development. By identifying potential effects of arts education and limitations of past research, our review serves as a call for more research and guidepost for future studies on arts education and personality change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia M Lemp
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg
| | - Beatrice Rammstedt
- Department of Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim
| | - Clemens M Lechner
- Department of Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lervik LV, Hoffart A, Knapstad M, Smith ORF. Exploring the temporal associations between avoidance behavior and cognitions during the course of cognitive behavioral therapy for clients with symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Psychother Res 2021; 32:195-208. [PMID: 34142636 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2021.1930243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD), avoidance behavior (AB) and cognitions (COG) are two important targets of intervention, but so far no studies have directly examined their relative importance. By means of cross-lagged panel models (CLPM), we examined their temporal associations and impacts on outcome in clients with symptoms of SAD while addressing typical methodological challenges. METHOD We used data from the first six therapy sessions in a sample of 428 primary care clients (mean [SD] age = 34.6 [12.2], 34.3% men), participating in the Prompt Mental Health Care trial. Session-by-session data was collected on AB, COG, depression and general anxiety. Competing multiple indicator CLPMs were tested. RESULTS The Random Intercept-CLPM provided best fit, and indicated that AB predicted COG at subsequent time points (.39 ≤ β ≤ .42 for T2-T5, p < .05), but not vice versa. In addition, AB, but not COG, predicted clients' general anxiety score at subsequent time points. Results were both robust to the inclusion of depressive symptoms as a within-level covariate, and sensitivity tests for stationarity and missing data assumptions. CONCLUSION Targeting avoidance behavior for primary care clients with symptoms of SAD may be more vital for the optimal effect of CBT than targeting cognitions. Methodological considerations and limitations of the study are discussed.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03238872.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Vathne Lervik
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Knapstad
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto R F Smith
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Internalizing symptoms, well-being, and correlates in adolescence: A multiverse exploration via cross-lagged panel network models. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1477-1491. [PMID: 34128457 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Internalizing symptoms are the most prevalent mental health problem in adolescents, with sharp increases seen, particularly for girls, and evidence that young people today report more problems than previous generations. It is therefore critical to measure and monitor these states on a large scale and consider correlates. We used novel panel network methodology to explore relationships between internalizing symptoms, well-being, and inter/intrapersonal indicators. A multiverse design was used with 32 conditions to consider the stability of results across arbitrary researcher decisions in a large community sample over three years (N = 15,843, aged 11-12 at Time 1). Networks were consistently similar for girls and boys. Stable trait-like effects within anxiety, attentional, and social indicators were found. Within-person networks were densely connected and suggested mental health and inter/intrapersonal correlates related to one another in similar complex ways. The multiverse design suggested the particular operationalization of items can substantially influence conclusions. Nevertheless, indicators such as thinking clearly, unhappiness, dealing with stress, and worry showed more consistent centrality, suggesting these indicators may play particularly important roles in the development of mental health in adolescence.
Collapse
|
41
|
Christiansen H, Hirsch O, Beheshti A, Chavanon ML. Emotions or attention – what are predictors for the development of childhood psychopathology? A longitudinal study with pre- and elementary school children. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrent debate has identified the factors emotion knowledge (EK) and attention as specific trajectories longitudinally influencing psychopathological development in childhood. The “Emotion Knowledge Hypothesis” assumes that children with great emotion skills have high self-regulating abilities that result in lower cognitive load and stronger attention capacities. Attention problems are thus perceived as a consequence of reduced EK. According to the competing “Attention Effect Hypothesis”, attention problems and EK deficits are associated because of impaired learning capacities due to attention problems. According to this hypothesis, attention problems are predictive of impaired EK. If those specific trajectories are disrupted, this might attenuate the development of later behavior problems. The present study tests those competing hypotheses replicating previous studies in this field to shed light on potential psychopathology trajectories. A total of 136 pre- and elementary school children as well as their teachers participated in this study. Children’s symptoms of inattention as well as their emotional competences were assessed 3 times over a 12-month period. We applied multilevel structural equation modelling and cross-lagged panel models for data analysis. Overall, we noted a drop in inattention scores and rise in emotional competences over the one-year course, indicating maturation effects. There was a significant but very small effect for attention scores predicting emotional competences. With respect to the question whether interventions should focus on the “Emotion Knowledge” or “Attention Effect” hypothesis, our findings imply that none of them has superiority over the other. Therefore, both emotion knowledge and attention are crucial for development, and that children with deficits in either domain should receive targeted interventions in order to disrupt potentially harmful developmental pathways.
Collapse
|
42
|
Beeres DT, Andersson F, Vossen HGM, Galanti MR. Social Media and Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Sweden: A Longitudinal Study With 2-Year Follow-Up (KUPOL Study). J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:953-960. [PMID: 32943289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to assess the longitudinal associations between the frequency of social media use and symptoms of mental ill-health among Swedish adolescents. METHODS Data came from KUPOL, a Swedish school-based longitudinal cohort accrued in 101 participating schools in 8 regions of Sweden. The study sample consisted of 3,501 adolescents in grade 8 (14-15 years, 51.5%, n = 1,765 girls) followed for 2 consecutive years. Daily social media use was measured as weighted average of self-reported use in weekdays and weekend days. Mental health was measured with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model was applied to distinguish between-person from within-person associations between social media use and symptoms of mental ill-health. RESULTS Median SDQ score at baseline was 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 6-14). Median social media use was 1.7 hours at baseline (interquartile range .6-3.0) and increased over the 3-year period. Adolescents with more social media use also reported higher SDQ scores, B (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.40 (2.03-2.77). On a within-person level, no cross-lagged associations were found between changes in social media use and subsequent changes in symptoms of mental ill-health after 1 year, B (95% CI) = .02 (-.12 to .16) or vice versa B (95% CI) = .00 (-.02 to .02). Weak cross-sectional associations were found between changes in social media use and concurrent changes in symptoms of mental ill-health, B (95% CI) = .24 (.00-.48). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with higher use of social media report more symptoms of mental health problems, but there is no evidence for a longitudinal association between increased use and mental health problems. This suggests that social media may be rather an indicator than a risk factor for symptoms of mental ill-health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Tecla Beeres
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Filip Andersson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen G M Vossen
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gratitude at Work Prospectively Predicts Lower Workplace Materialism: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073787. [PMID: 33916410 PMCID: PMC8038617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Materialism at work refers to a higher importance attached to extrinsic (e.g., money, fame, image) versus intrinsic (self-development, affiliation, community participation) employees' 'aspirations'. Research from self-determination theory has consistently found that materialism at work is strongly detrimental for both employees and organizations. For example, materialism is negatively associated with lower job satisfaction and engagement and positively associated with higher turnover intentions and job insecurity. Unfortunately, there are no viable strategies for reducing materialism in the workplace yet. In this sense, based on emergent research in psychology, we theorized that dispositional gratitude-a key construct within the Positive Organizational Psychology field-could be a protecting factor against materialism. Further, we conducted a three-wave longitudinal design among a large sample of Chilean workers (n = 1841) to test, for the first time, the longitudinal link between gratitude and materialism. We used two novel methodologies: A cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to test between-person changes and a trait-state-occasion model (TSO) to test within-person changes. We found that both the CLPM as well as the TSO models showed that gratitude at work prospectively predicted further lower workplace materialism. Specifically, the CLPM shows that individuals with higher than average gratitude at Ti, are more likely to show lower than average materialism at Ti+1. The TSO shows that individuals with a higher than their usual level of gratitude at Ti are more likely to show a lower than their usual level of materialism at Ti+1. Important implications for materialism research as well as for the Positive Organizational Psychology field are discussed.
Collapse
|
44
|
The social withdrawal and social anxiety feedback loop and the role of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1402-1417. [PMID: 31668152 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social withdrawal and social anxiety are believed to have a bidirectional influence on one another, but it is unknown if their relationship is bidirectional, especially within person, and if peer experiences influence this relationship. We investigated temporal sequencing and the strength of effects between social withdrawal and social anxiety, and the roles of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Participants were 2,772 adolescents from the population-based and clinically referred cohorts of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey. Self- and parent-reported withdrawal, and self-reported social anxiety, peer victimization, and perceived peer acceptance were assessed at 11, 13, and 16 years. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate within-person associations between these variables. There was no feedback loop between withdrawal and social anxiety. Social withdrawal did not predict social anxiety at any age. Social anxiety at 11 years predicted increased self-reported withdrawal at 13 years. Negative peer experiences predicted increased self- and parent-reported withdrawal at 13 years and increased parent-reported withdrawal at 16 years. In turn, self-reported withdrawal at 13 years predicted negative peer experiences at 16 years. In conclusion, adolescents became more withdrawn when they became more socially anxious or experienced greater peer problems, and increasing withdrawal predicted greater victimization and lower acceptance.
Collapse
|
45
|
Raymaekers K, Luyckx K, Moons P. A guide to improve your causal inferences from observational data. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020; 19:757-762. [PMID: 33040589 PMCID: PMC7817987 DOI: 10.1177/1474515120957241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
True causality is impossible to capture with observational studies. Nevertheless, within the boundaries of observational studies, researchers can follow three steps to answer causal questions in the most optimal way possible. Researchers must: (a) repeatedly assess the same constructs over time in a specific sample; (b) consider the temporal sequence of effects between constructs; and (c) use an analytical strategy that distinguishes within from between-person effects. In this context, it is demonstrated how the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model can be a useful statistical technique. A real-life example of the relationship between loneliness and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease is provided to show how the model can be practically implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Raymaekers
- School Psychology and Development in
Context, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO),
Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- School Psychology and Development in
Context, KU Leuven, Belgium
- UNIBS, University of the Free State,
South Africa
| | - Philip Moons
- Department of Public Health and Primary
Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences,
University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics and Child
Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pathways of Internalizing and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Across Childhood and Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2020; 49:103-116. [PMID: 32979128 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Research in adult populations has suggested a number of possible explanations for the high co-morbidity between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and internalizing symptoms, including shared risk factors and reciprocal causation. Little research has examined these hypotheses in children or has considered the separation of between- and within-person effects. The objective of this study was to examine pathways between PTSS and internalizing symptoms using two samples drawn from the Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN, n = 1221) and the first National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-I, n = 309). Each sample included three waves of data (LONGSCAN: ages 8, 12, and 16; NSCAW: ages 8, 11, 15). It was hypothesized: (1) PTSS would predict future internalizing symptoms; (2) the strength of the relationship between internalizing symptoms and PTSS would increase over time; and (3) childhood trauma would be associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms and PTSS. The hypotheses were examined using traditional cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) as well as a CLPM with random intercepts (RI-CLPM), which has the advantage of separating within-person effects from between-person stability in symptoms. Results from both CLPMs and RI-CLPM support rising symptom comorbidity from late childhood to mid-adolescence. Results between the models, however, suggest that the reciprocal influence between symptom complexes over time may not hold after separating between- and within-persons effects, lending stronger support to the shared risk factors hypothesis and highlighting the need for future research to explore other possible explanatory mechanisms for the rising comorbidity of these symptom complexes over development.
Collapse
|
47
|
Alisic A, Wiese BS. Keeping an insecure career under control: The longitudinal interplay of career insecurity, self-management, and self-efficacy. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Hygen BW, Skalická V, Stenseng F, Belsky J, Steinsbekk S, Wichstrøm L. The co-occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: prospective relations or common causes? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:890-898. [PMID: 32623728 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is highlighted as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Some studies indicate that IGD appears comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We examine concurrent and prospective links between symptoms of IGD and symptoms of common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence to determine whether observed comorbidity is a result of (a) reciprocal relations or (b) common underlying causes. METHODS A community sample (n = 702) of Norwegian children completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Interview (IGDI) to assess DSM-5 defined IGD symptoms at ages 10, 12 and 14 years. The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) assessed symptoms of depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) at the same time points. RESULTS A Random Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM), which captures pure within-person changes and adjusts for all unmeasured time-invariant factors (e.g., genetics, parent education) revealed no associations between IGD symptoms and psychopathology, except that increased IGD symptoms at ages 10 and 12 predicted decreased symptoms of anxiety two years later. CONCLUSIONS No support emerged for concurrent or prospective relations between IGD and psychiatric symptoms, except in one case: increased IGD symptoms forecasted reduction in anxiety symptoms. Observed co-occurrence between IGD symptoms and mental health problems can mainly be attributed to common underlying factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Wold Hygen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Social Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Věra Skalická
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frode Stenseng
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Queen Maud University College, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Orth U, Clark DA, Donnellan MB, Robins RW. Testing prospective effects in longitudinal research: Comparing seven competing cross-lagged models. J Pers Soc Psychol 2020; 120:1013-1034. [PMID: 32730068 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In virtually all areas of psychology, the question of whether a particular construct has a prospective effect on another is of fundamental importance. For decades, the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) has been the model of choice for addressing this question. However, CLPMs have recently been critiqued, and numerous alternative models have been proposed. Using the association between low self-esteem and depression as a case study, we examined the behavior of seven competing longitudinal models in 10 samples, each with at least four waves of data and sample sizes ranging from 326 to 8,259. The models were compared in terms of convergence, fit statistics, and consistency of parameter estimates. The traditional CLPM and the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) converged in every sample, whereas the other models frequently failed to converge or did not converge properly. The RI-CLPM exhibited better model fit than the CLPM, whereas the CLPM produced more consistent cross-lagged effects (both across and within samples) than the RI-CLPM. We discuss the models from a conceptual perspective, emphasizing that the models test conceptually distinct psychological and developmental processes, and we address the implications of the empirical findings with regard to model selection. Moreover, we provide practical recommendations for researchers interested in testing prospective associations between constructs and suggest using the CLPM when focused on between-person effects and the RI-CLPM when focused on within-person effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
50
|
Longitudinal associations between inhibitory control and externalizing and internalizing symptoms in school-aged children. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:843-855. [PMID: 32662373 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) deficits have been associated with psychiatric symptoms in all ages. However, longitudinal studies testing the direction of the associations in childhood are scarce. We used a sample of 2,874 children (7 to 9 years old) to test the following three hypotheses: (a) IC deficits are an underlying risk factor with a potentially causal role for psychopathology, (b) IC deficits are a complication of psychopathology, and (c) IC deficits and psychopathology are associated at the trait level but not necessarily causally related. We used the go/no-go task to assess IC, the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to evaluate externalizing/internalizing symptoms, and the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model to test the hypotheses. The results showed no support for the underlying risk factor hypothesis, suggesting that IC unlikely has a causal role in this age group's psychopathology. The complication hypothesis received support for externalizing symptoms, suggesting that externalizing symptoms may hamper the normal development of IC. IC deficits and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms were correlated at the trait level, indicating a possible common origin. We suggest that it may be useful to support children with externalizing symptoms to promote and protect their IC development.
Collapse
|