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Han Y, Xu T, Chen H, Tang M. Sugar metabolism and 14-3-3 protein genes expression induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus addition to response drought stress in Populus cathayana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 288:154075. [PMID: 37643547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Sugar, as a nutrient exchange substance between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants, plays an important role in the abiotic stress response of mycorrhizal plants. This experiment aimed to study the effects of AM fungi and phosphorus (P) addition on the sugar metabolism and 14-3-3 gene expression of Populus cathayana under drought stress. The results showed that drought affects the process of sugar metabolism by increasing the activities of amylase and invertase, resulting in the decrease of starch content in leaves and roots and the accumulation of soluble sugars (including reducing sugar and sucrose) in roots. Under drought stress, the activity or content of sucrose synthetase, sucrose phosphate synthase, acid invertase, alkaline invertase, reducing sugar, soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch in the root showed the best mycorrhizal effect at the 100 mg P level. The expression levels of the 14-3-3 genes (PcGRF10 and PcGRF11) were significantly increased by mycorrhizal induction under drought stress. These levels were positively correlated with SS, SPS, sucrose, and starch phosphorylase in leaves, as well as with almost all sugar metabolism indicators in roots. However, they were negatively correlated with starch content in both leaves and roots. Sugar metabolism and 14-3-3 protein gene expression were induced by AM fungi and P addition in response to drought stress. The 14-3-3 genes induced by AM fungi may be involved in participating in osmotic regulation during drought stress. This study provides a new idea for the mechanism of sugar metabolism of mycorrhizal plants in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Tingying Xu
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Decker D, Aubert J, Wilczynska M, Kleczkowski LA. Exploring Redox Modulation of Plant UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108914. [PMID: 37240260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose (UDPG) pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) catalyzes a reversible reaction, producing UDPG, which serves as an essential precursor for hundreds of glycosyltransferases in all organisms. In this study, activities of purified UGPases from sugarcane and barley were found to be reversibly redox modulated in vitro through oxidation by hydrogen peroxide or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and through reduction by dithiothreitol or glutathione. Generally, while oxidative treatment decreased UGPase activity, a subsequent reduction restored the activity. The oxidized enzyme had increased Km values with substrates, especially pyrophosphate. The increased Km values were also observed, regardless of redox status, for UGPase cysteine mutants (Cys102Ser and Cys99Ser for sugarcane and barley UGPases, respectively). However, activities and substrate affinities (Kms) of sugarcane Cys102Ser mutant, but not barley Cys99Ser, were still prone to redox modulation. The data suggest that plant UGPase is subject to redox control primarily via changes in the redox status of a single cysteine. Other cysteines may also, to some extent, contribute to UGPase redox status, as seen for sugarcane enzymes. The results are discussed with respect to earlier reported details of redox modulation of eukaryotic UGPases and regarding the structure/function properties of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Decker
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Juliette Aubert
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Leszek A Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Niu L, Liu L, Zhang J, Scali M, Wang W, Hu X, Wu X. Genetic Engineering of Starch Biosynthesis in Maize Seeds for Efficient Enzymatic Digestion of Starch during Bioethanol Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043927. [PMID: 36835340 PMCID: PMC9967003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize accumulates large amounts of starch in seeds which have been used as food for human and animals. Maize starch is an importantly industrial raw material for bioethanol production. One critical step in bioethanol production is degrading starch to oligosaccharides and glucose by α-amylase and glucoamylase. This step usually requires high temperature and additional equipment, leading to an increased production cost. Currently, there remains a lack of specially designed maize cultivars with optimized starch (amylose and amylopectin) compositions for bioethanol production. We discussed the features of starch granules suitable for efficient enzymatic digestion. Thus far, great advances have been made in molecular characterization of the key proteins involved in starch metabolism in maize seeds. The review explores how these proteins affect starch metabolism pathway, especially in controlling the composition, size and features of starch. We highlight the roles of key enzymes in controlling amylose/amylopectin ratio and granules architecture. Based on current technological process of bioethanol production using maize starch, we propose that several key enzymes can be modified in abundance or activities via genetic engineering to synthesize easily degraded starch granules in maize seeds. The review provides a clue for developing special maize cultivars as raw material in the bioethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liangwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Matiolli CC, Soares RC, Alves HLS, Abreu IA. Turning the Knobs: The Impact of Post-translational Modifications on Carbon Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:781508. [PMID: 35087551 PMCID: PMC8787203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants rely on the carbon fixed by photosynthesis into sugars to grow and reproduce. However, plants often face non-ideal conditions caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. These constraints impose challenges to managing sugars, the most valuable plant asset. Hence, the precise management of sugars is crucial to avoid starvation under adverse conditions and sustain growth. This review explores the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the modulation of carbon metabolism. PTMs consist of chemical modifications of proteins that change protein properties, including protein-protein interaction preferences, enzymatic activity, stability, and subcellular localization. We provide a holistic view of how PTMs tune resource distribution among different physiological processes to optimize plant fitness.
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Park C, Lee HY, Yoon GM. The regulation of ACC synthase protein turnover: a rapid route for modulating plant development and stress responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102046. [PMID: 33965697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene regulates plant growth, development, and stress responses. The strict fine-tuning of the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis contributes to the diverse roles of ethylene in plants. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, is central and often rate-limiting to regulate ethylene concentration in plants. The post-translational regulation of ACS is a major pathway controlling ethylene biosynthesis in response to various stimuli. We conclude that the regulation of ACS turnover may serve as a central hub for the rapid integration of developmental, environmental, and hormonal signals, all of which influence plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanung Park
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Han Yong Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Reciprocal antagonistic regulation of E3 ligases controls ACC synthase stability and responses to stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011900118. [PMID: 34404725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene influences plant growth, development, and stress responses via crosstalk with other phytohormones; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we describe a mechanistic link between the brassinosteroid (BR) and ethylene biosynthesis, which regulates cellular protein homeostasis and stress responses. We demonstrate that as a scaffold, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases (ACS), a rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, promote the interaction between Seven-in-Absentia of Arabidopsis (SINAT), a RING-domain containing E3 ligase involved in stress response, and ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1 (ETO1) and ETO1-like (EOL) proteins, the E3 ligase adaptors that target a subset of ACS isoforms. Each E3 ligase promotes the degradation of the other, and this reciprocally antagonistic interaction affects the protein stability of ACS. Furthermore, 14-3-3, a phosphoprotein-binding protein, interacts with SINAT in a BR-dependent manner, thus activating reciprocal degradation. Disrupted reciprocal degradation between the E3 ligases compromises the survival of plants in carbon-deficient conditions. Our study reveals a mechanism by which plants respond to stress by modulating the homeostasis of ACS and its cognate E3 ligases.
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Zhao H, Li Z, Amjad H, Zhong G, Khan MU, Zhang Z, Lin W. Proteomic analysis reveals a role of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the asynchronous filling of rice superior and inferior spikelets. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 183:105875. [PMID: 33741528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The poor grain filling of inferior spikelets (IS) situated on the lower secondary rachis branch leads to a remarkable decrease in rice yield and quality. The AGPase small subunit 2 (AGPS2) encodes a small subunit of adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) enzyme, which plays an important role in sucrose-starch conversion and starch biosynthesis in the grain filling of rice. In the present study, qPCR analysis showed low expression abundance of AGPS2 in IS, compared to the superior spikelets (SS), which was consistent with the lower grain weight of IS. To evaluate the molecular mechanism of AGPS2, we first identified the AGPS2 interaction network through Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). In total, 29 proteins of AGPS2 interaction network were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that, the characterized proteins in the interaction network are likely to be related to starch synthesis, sugar conversion, energy pathway, and folding/modification, and most of them were involved in the grain filling of rice. The sequent Co-IP analysis showed that AGPS2 can bind to starch branching enzyme (SBE), pullulanase (PUL) and starch debranching enzyme (DBE) and assemble into starch synthesizing protein complex (SSPC). In addition, the 14-3-3 protein GF14e was also found to interact with AGPS2. Further analysis by qPCR showed that the expression of GF14e was much higher on IS than on SS. The qPCR results also showed that the expression of GF14e was relatively stable in SS, but changed significantly in IS under alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (WMD), which is consistent with the AGPS2 expression pattern. Our present work provides direct molecular evidence for the different expression patterns of AGPS2 in SS and IS, which could be greatly helpful for the molecular amelioration of the poor grain filling of IS in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hira Amjad
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guopei Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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8
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Mehrpouyan S, Menon U, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. Protein phosphorylation regulates maize endosperm starch synthase IIa activity and protein-protein interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1098-1112. [PMID: 33232552 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Starch synthesis is an elaborate process employing several isoforms of starch synthases (SSs), starch branching enzymes (SBEs) and debranching enzymes (DBEs). In cereals, some starch biosynthetic enzymes can form heteromeric complexes whose assembly is controlled by protein phosphorylation. Previous studies suggested that SSIIa forms a trimeric complex with SBEIIb, SSI, in which SBEIIb is phosphorylated. This study investigates the post-translational modification of SSIIa, and its interactions with SSI and SBEIIb in maize amyloplast stroma. SSIIa, immunopurified and shown to be free from other soluble starch synthases, was shown to be readily phosphorylated, affecting Vmax but with minor effects on substrate Kd and Km values, resulting in a 12-fold increase in activity compared with the dephosphorylated enzyme. This ATP-dependent stimulation of activity was associated with interaction with SBEIIb, suggesting that the availability of glucan branching limits SSIIa and is enhanced by physical interaction of the two enzymes. Immunoblotting of maize amyloplast extracts following non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified multiple bands of SSIIa, the electrophoretic mobilities of which were markedly altered by conditions that affected protein phosphorylation, including protein kinase inhibitors. Separation of heteromeric enzyme complexes by GPC, following alteration of protein phosphorylation states, indicated that such complexes are stable and may partition into larger and smaller complexes. The results suggest a dual role for protein phosphorylation in promoting association and dissociation of SSIIa-containing heteromeric enzyme complexes in the maize amyloplast stroma, providing new insights into the regulation of starch biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mehrpouyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Usha Menon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Han X, Wu K, Fu X, Liu Q. Improving coordination of plant growth and nitrogen metabolism for sustainable agriculture. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:255-275. [PMID: 36304130 PMCID: PMC9590520 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural green revolution of the 1960s boosted cereal crop yield was in part due to cultivation of semi-dwarf green revolution varieties. The semi-dwarf plants resist lodging and require high nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs to maximize yield. To produce higher grain yield, inorganic fertilizer has been overused by Chinese farmers in intensive crop production. With the ongoing increase in the food demand of global population and the environmental pollution, improving crop productivity with reduced N supply is a pressing challenge. Despite a great deal of research efforts, to date only a few genes that improve N use efficiency (NUE) have been identified. The molecular mechanisms underlying the coordination of plant growth, carbon (C) and N assimilation is still not fully understood, thus preventing significant improvement. Recent advances have shed light on how explore NUE within an overall plant biology system that considered the co-regulation of plant growth, C and N metabolisms as a whole, rather than focusing specifically on N uptake and assimilation. There are several potential approaches to improve NUE discussed in this review. Increasing knowledge of how plants sense and respond to changes in N availability, as well as identifying new targets for breeding strategies to simultaneously improve NUE and grain yield, could usher in a new green revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Kun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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Chang L, Tong Z, Peng C, Wang D, Kong H, Yang Q, Luo M, Guo A, Xu B. Genome-wide analysis and phosphorylation sites identification of the 14-3-3 gene family and functional characterization of MeGRF3 in cassava. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:244-257. [PMID: 32020618 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biological functionality of many members of the 14-3-3 gene family is regulated via phosphorylation at multiple amino acid residues. The specific phosphorylation-mediated regulation of these proteins during cassava root tuberization, however, is not well understood. In this study, 15 different 14-3-3 genes (designated MeGRF1 - 15) were identified within the cassava genome. Based upon evolutionary conservation and structural analyses, these cassava 14-3-3 proteins were grouped into ε and non-ε clusters. We found these 15 MeGRF genes to be unevenly distributed across the eight cassava chromosomes. When comparing the expression of these genes during different developmental stages, we found that three of these genes (MeGRF9, 12 and 15) were overexpressed at all developmental stages at 75, 104, 135, 182 and 267 days post-planting relative to the fibrous root stage, whereas two (MeGRF5 and 7) were downregulated during these same points. In addition, the expression of most MeGRF genes changed significantly in the early and middle stages of root tuberization. This suggests that these different MeGRF genes likely play distinct regulatory roles during cassava root tuberization. Subsequently, 18 phosphorylated amino acid residues were detected on nine of these MeGRF proteins. A phosphomimetic mutation at serine-65 in MeGRF3 in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) slightly influenced starch metabolism in these plants, and significantly affected the role of MeGRF3 in salt stress responses. Together these results indicate that 14-3-3 genes play key roles in responses to abiotic stress and the regulation of starch metabolism, offering valuable insights into the functions of these genes in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Cunzhi Peng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Hua Kong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Minghua Luo
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Bingqiang Xu
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
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Li X, Jia J, Zhao P, Guo X, Chen S, Qi D, Cheng L, Liu G. LcMYB4, an unknown function transcription factor gene from sheepgrass, as a positive regulator of chilling and freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32460695 PMCID: PMC7333390 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) is a perennial forage grass that can survive extreme freezing winters (- 47.5 °C) in China. In this study, we isolated an unknown function MYB transcription factor gene, LcMYB4, from sheepgrass. However, the function of LcMYB4 and its homologous genes has not been studied in other plants. RESULTS The expression of the LcMYB4 gene was upregulated in response to cold induction, and the LcMYB4 fusion protein was localized in the nucleus, with transcriptional activation activity. Biological function analysis showed that compared with WT plants, LcMYB4-overexpressing Arabidopsis presented significantly increased chilling and freezing tolerance as evidenced by increased germination rate, survival rate, and seed setting rate under conditions of low temperature stress. Furthermore, LcMYB4-overexpressing plants showed increased soluble sugar content, leaf chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase activity but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) under chilling stress. Moreover, the expression of the CBF1, KIN1, KIN2 and RCI2A genes were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants with chilling treatment. These results suggest that LcMYB4 overexpression increased the soluble sugar content and cold-inducible gene expression and alleviated oxidative damage and membrane damage, resulting in enhanced cold resistance in transgenic plants. Interestingly, our results showed that the LcMYB4 protein interacts with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase protein1 (LcFBA1) and that the expression of the LcFBA1 gene was also upregulated during cold induction in sheepgrass, similar to LcMYB4. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that LcMYB4 encodes MYB transcription factor that plays a positive regulatory role in cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pincang Zhao
- College of management science and engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiufang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Huang F, Long J, Song G, Lin W. The 14-3-3 protein GF14f negatively affects grain filling of inferior spikelets of rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:344-358. [PMID: 30912217 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa L.), later flowering inferior spikelets (IS), which are located on proximal secondary branches, fill slowly and produce smaller and lighter grains than earlier flowering superior spikelets (SS). Many genes have been reported to be involved in poor grain filling of IS, however the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study determined that GF14f, a member of the 14-3-3 protein family, showed temporal and spatial differences in expression patterns between SS and IS. Using GF14f-RNAi plants, we observed that a reduction in GF14f expression in the endosperm resulted in a significant increase in both grain length and weight, which in turn improved grain yield. Furthermore, pull-down assays indicated that GF14f interacts with enzymes that are involved in sucrose breakdown, starch synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis. At the same time, an increase in the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSase), adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and starch synthase (StSase) was observed in the GF14f-RNAi grains. Comprehensive analysis of the proteome and metabolite profiling revealed that the abundance of proteins related to the TCA cycle, and glycolysis increased in the GF14f-RNAi grains together with several carbohydrate intermediates. These results suggested that GF14f negatively affected grain development and filling, and the observed higher abundance of the GF14f protein in IS compared with SS may be responsible for poor IS grain filling. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying poor grain filling of IS and suggests that GF14f could serve as a potential tool for improving rice grain filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengliang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jifang Long
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guo Song
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Geißinger C, Whitehead I, Hofer K, Heß M, Habler K, Becker T, Gastl M. Influence of Fusarium avenaceum infections on barley malt: Monitoring changes in the albumin fraction of barley during the malting process. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 293:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Decker D, Kleczkowski LA. UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases: Distinct and Essential Enzymes With Overlapping Substrate Specificities, Providing de novo Precursors for Glycosylation Reactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1822. [PMID: 30662444 PMCID: PMC6329318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are the key precursors for all glycosylation reactions and are required both for oligo- and polysaccharides synthesis and protein and lipid glycosylation. Among all nucleotide sugars, UDP-sugars are the most important precursors for biomass production in nature (e.g., synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins for cell wall production). Several recent studies have already suggested a potential role for UDP-Glc in plant growth and development, and UDP-Glc has also been suggested as a signaling molecule, in addition to its precursor function. In this review, we will cover primary mechanisms of formation of UDP-sugars, by focusing on UDP-sugar metabolizing pyrophosphorylases. The pyrophosphorylases can be divided into three families: UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGPase), UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), and UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAGPase), which can be distinguished both by their amino acid sequences and by differences in substrate specificity. Substrate specificities of these enzymes are discussed, along with structure-function relationships, based on their crystal structures and homology modeling. Earlier studies with transgenic plants have revealed that each of the pyrophosphorylases is essential for plant survival, and their loss or a decrease in activity results in reproductive impairment. This constitutes a problem when studying exact in vivo roles of the enzymes using classical reverse genetics approaches. Thus, strategies involving the use of specific inhibitors (reverse chemical genetics) are also discussed. Further characterization of the properties/roles of pyrophosphorylases should address fundamental questions dealing with mechanisms and control of carbohydrate synthesis and may allow to identify targets for manipulation of biomass production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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De la Fuente Cantó C, Russell J, Hackett CA, Booth A, Dancey S, George TS, Waugh R. Genetic dissection of quantitative and qualitative traits using a minimum set of barley Recombinant Chromosome Substitution Lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:340. [PMID: 30526499 PMCID: PMC6286510 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the natural occurring genetic variation of the wild barley genepool has become a major target of barley crop breeding programmes aiming to increase crop productivity and sustainability in global climate change scenarios. However this diversity remains unexploited and effective approaches are required to investigate the benefits that unadapted genomes could bring to crop improved resilience. In the present study, a set of Recombinant Chromosome Substitution Lines (RCSLs) derived from an elite barley cultivar 'Harrington' as the recurrent parent, and a wild barley accession from the Fertile Crescent 'Caesarea 26-24', as the donor parent (Matus et al. Genome 46:1010-23, 2003) have been utilised in field and controlled conditions to examine the contribution of wild barley genome as a source of novel allelic variation for the cultivated barley genepool. METHODS Twenty-eight RCSLs which were selected to represent the entire genome of the wild barley accession, were genotyped using the 9 K iSelect SNP markers (Comadran et al. Nat Genet 44:1388-92, 2012) and phenotyped for a range of morphological, developmental and agronomic traits in 2 years using a rain-out shelter with four replicates and three water treatments. Data were analysed for marker traits associations using a mixed model approach. RESULTS We identified lines that differ significantly from the elite parent for both qualitative and quantitative traits across growing seasons and water regimes. The detailed genotypic characterisation of the lines for over 1800 polymorphic SNP markers and the design of a mixed model analysis identified chromosomal regions associated with yield related traits where the wild barley allele had a positive response increasing grain weight and size. In addition, variation for qualitative characters, such as the presence of cuticle waxes on the developing spikes, was associated with the wild barley introgressions. Despite the coarse location of the QTLs, interesting candidate genes for the major marker-trait associations were identified using the recently released barley genome assembly. CONCLUSION This study has highlighted the role of exotic germplasm to contribute novel allelic variation by using an optimised experimental approach focused on an exotic genetic library. The results obtained constitute a step forward to the development of more tolerant and resilient varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Russell
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
| | | | - Allan Booth
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
| | - Siobhan Dancey
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
| | | | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
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Seong JH, Jo YH, Seo GW, Park S, Park KB, Cho JH, Ko HJ, Kim CE, Patnaik BB, Jun SA, Choi YS, Kim YW, Bang IS, Lee YS, Han YS. Molecular Cloning and Effects of Tm14-3-3ζ-Silencing on Larval Survivability Against E. coli and C. albicans in Tenebrio molitor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E330. [PMID: 29966317 PMCID: PMC6070784 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of proteins performs key regulatory functions in phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways including cell survival and proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of chromatin structure and autophagy. In this study, the zeta isoform of 14-3-3 proteins (designated as Tm14-3-3ζ) was identified from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) database of the coleopteran pest, Tenebrio molitor. Tm14-3-3ζ messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed at higher levels in the immune organs of the larval and adult stages of the insect and exhibit almost five-fold induction within 3 h post-infection of the larvae with Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. To investigate the biological function of Tm14-3-3ζ, a peptide-based Tm14-3-3ζ polyclonal antibody was generated in rabbit and the specificity was confirmed using Western blot analysis. Immunostaining and confocal microscopic analyses indicate that Tm14-3-3ζ is mainly expressed in the membranes of midgut epithelial cells, the nuclei of fat body and the cytosol of hemocytes. Gene silencing of Tm14-3-3ζ increases mortality of the larvae at 7 days post-infection with E. coli and C. albicans. Our findings demonstrate that 14-3-3ζ in T. molitor is essential in the host defense mechanisms against bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Seong
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Gi Won Seo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Soyi Park
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Ki Beom Park
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Jun Ho Cho
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Ko
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- School of Biotech Sciences, Trident Academy of Creative Technology (TACT), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Sung Ah Jun
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Department of Hotel Food Service and Culinary Arts, Seowon University, Cheongju, 28674, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Kim
- Korean Edible Insect Laboratory, Joong-gu, Shindang-dong, Seoul, 04598, Korea.
| | - In Seok Bang
- Department of Biological Science, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea.
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
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17
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Huarancca Reyes T, Scartazza A, Pompeiano A, Ciurli A, Lu Y, Guglielminetti L, Yamaguchi J. Nitrate Reductase Modulation in Response to Changes in C/N Balance and Nitrogen Source in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1248-1254. [PMID: 29860377 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cues modulate the balance of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) which are essential elements for plant metabolism and growth. In Arabidopsis, photochemical efficiency of PSII, phosphorylation status and localization of many enzymes, and the level of total soluble sugars were affected by an unbalanced C/N ratio. Since differences in C/N affect these parameters, here we checked whether different sources of N have different effects when a high C/N ratio is imposed. NO3- and NH4+ were separately provided in C/N medium. We investigated the effects on photochemical efficiency of PSII, the level of total soluble sugars and nitrate reductase activity under stressful C/N conditions compared with control conditions. We found that treated plants accumulated more total soluble sugars when compared with control. Photochemical efficiency of PSII did not show significant differences between the two sources of nitrogen after 24 h. The actual nitrate reductase activity was the result of a combination of activity, activation state and protein level. This activity constantly decreased starting from time zero in control conditions; in contrast, the actual nitrate reductase activity showed a peak at 2 h after treatment with NO3-, and at 30 min with NH4+. This, according to the level of total soluble sugars, can be explained by the existence of a cross-talk between the sugars in excess and low nitrate in the medium that blocks the activity of nitrate reductase in stressful sugar conditions until the plant is adapted to the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, RM 00016, Italy
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ciurli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | | | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
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Guo J, Dai S, Li H, Liu A, Liu C, Cheng D, Cao X, Chu X, Zhai S, Liu J, Zhao Z, Song J. Identification and Expression Analysis of Wheat TaGF14 Genes. Front Genet 2018; 9:12. [PMID: 29441089 PMCID: PMC5797578 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 gene family members play key roles in various cellular processes. However, little is known about the numbers and roles of 14-3-3 genes in wheat. The aims of this study were to identify TaGF14 numbers in wheat by searching its whole genome through blast, to study the phylogenetic relationships with other plant species and to discuss the functions of TaGF14s. The results showed that common wheat harbored 20 TaGF14 genes, located on wheat chromosome groups 2, 3, 4, and 7. Out of them, eighteen TaGF14s are non-ε proteins, and two wheat TaGF14 genes, TaGF14i and TaGF14f, are ε proteins. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes were divided into six clusters: cluster 1 (TaGF14d, TaGF14g, TaGF14j, TaGF14h, TaGF14c, and TaGF14n); cluster 2 (TaGF14k); cluster 3 (TaGF14b, TaGF14l, TaGF14m, and TaGF14s); cluster 4 (TaGF14a, TaGF14e, and TaGF14r); cluster 5 (TaGF14i and TaGF14f); and cluster 6 (TaGF14o, TaGF14p, TaGF14q, and TaGF14t). Tissue-specific gene expressions suggested that all TaGF14s were likely constitutively expressed, except two genes, i.e., TaGF14p and TaGF14f. And the highest amount of TaGF14 transcripts were observed in developing grains at 20 days post anthesis (DPA), especially for TaGF14j and TaGF14l. After drought stress, five genes, i.e., TaGF14c, TaGF14d, TaGF14g, TaGF14h, and TaGF14j, were up-regulated expression under drought stress for both 1 and 6 h, suggesting these genes played vital role in combating against drought stress. However, all the TaGF14s were down-regulated expression under heat stress for both 1 and 6 h, indicating TaGF14s may be negatively associated with heat stress by reducing the expression to combat heat stress or through other pathways. These results suggested that cluster 1, e.g., TaGF14j, may participate in the whole wheat developing stages, e.g., grain-filling (starch biosynthesis) and may also participate in combating against drought stress. Subsequently, a homolog of TaGF14j, TaGF14-JM22, were cloned by RACE and used to validate its function. Immunoblotting results showed that TaGF14-JM22 protein, closely related to TaGF14d, TaGF14g, and TaGF14j, can interact with AGP-L, SSI, SSII, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb in developing grains, suggesting that TaGF14s located on group 4 may be involved in starch biosynthesis. Therefore, it is possible to develop starch-rich wheat cultivars by modifying TaGF14s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Shandong Center of Crop Germplasm Resource, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haosheng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dungong Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyou Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiusheng Chu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shengnan Zhai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zhong Y, Yang J, Xu WW, Wang Y, Zheng CC, Li B, He QY. KCTD12 promotes tumorigenesis by facilitating CDC25B/CDK1/Aurora A-dependent G2/M transition. Oncogene 2017; 36:6177-6189. [PMID: 28869606 PMCID: PMC5671937 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cell cycle progression can provide clues leading to the identification of key proteins involved in cancer development. In this study, we performed proteomics analysis to identify novel regulators of the cell cycle. We found that potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 (KCTD12) was significantly upregulated in M phase compared with S phase. We also found that KCTD12 overexpression not only facilitated the G2/M transition and induced cancer cell proliferation, but also promoted the growth of subcutaneous tumors and Ki-67 proliferation index in mice. Regarding the mechanism underlying these phenomena, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was identified as an interacting partner of KCTD12 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, which showed that KCTD12 activated CDK1 and Aurora kinase A (Aurora A) and that the effects of KCTD12 on CDK1 phosphorylation and cell proliferation were abrogated by cell division cycle 25B (CDC25B) silencing. In addition, Aurora A phosphorylated KCTD12 at serine 243, thereby initiating a positive feedback loop necessary for KCTD12 to exert its cancer-promoting effects. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression levels of various genes and the correlations between the expression of these genes and survival using tumor tissue microarray and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. The data showed that KCTD12 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical and lung cancers. More importantly, high KCTD12 expression was associated with larger tumor sizes, higher pathological stages and poor patient survival. Collectively, our study demonstrate that KCTD12 binds to CDC25B and activates CDK1 and Aurora A to facilitate the G2/M transition and promote tumorigenesis and that Aurora A phosphorylates KCTD12 at serine 243 to trigger a positive feedback loop, thereby potentiating the effects of KCTD12. Thus, the KCTD12-CDC25B-CDK1-Aurora A axis has important implications for cancer diagnoses and prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W W Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C-C Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q-Y He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Chen L, Lu D, Wang T, Li Z, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Cao Q, Fang K, Xing Y, Qin L. Identification and expression analysis of starch branching enzymes involved in starch synthesis during the development of chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) cotyledons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177792. [PMID: 28542293 PMCID: PMC5441625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is native to China and distributes widely in arid and semi-arid mountain area with barren soil. As a perennial crop, chestnut is an alternative food source and acts as an important commercial nut tree in China. Starch is the major metabolite in nuts, accounting for 46 ~ 64% of the chestnut dry weight. The accumulation of total starch and amylopectin showed a similar increasing trend during the development of nut. Amylopectin contributed up to 76% of the total starch content at 80 days after pollination (DAP). The increase of total starch mainly results from amylopectin synthesis. Among genes associated with starch biosynthesis, CmSBEs (starch branching enzyme) showed significant increase during nut development. Two starch branching enzyme isoforms, CmSBE I and CmSBE II, were identified from chestnut cotyledon using zymogram analysis. CmSBE I and CmSBE II showed similar patterns of expression during nut development. The accumulations of CmSBE transcripts and proteins in developing cotyledons were characterized. The expressions of two CmSBE genes increased from 64 DAP and reached the highest levels at 77 DAP, and SBE activity reached its peak at 74 DAP. These results suggested that the CmSBE enzymes mainly contributed to amylopectin synthesis and influenced the amylopectin content in the developing cotyledon, which would be beneficial to chestnut germplasm selection and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangke Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Jiang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kefeng Fang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xing
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (LQ)
| | - Ling Qin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (LQ)
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The important functionality of 14-3-3 isoforms in rice roots revealed by affinity chromatography. J Proteomics 2017; 158:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Yu T, Li G, Dong S, Liu P, Zhang J, Zhao B. Proteomic analysis of maize grain development using iTRAQ reveals temporal programs of diverse metabolic processes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:241. [PMID: 27809771 PMCID: PMC5095984 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain development in maize is an essential process in the plant's life cycle and is vital for use of the plant as a crop for animals and humans. However, little is known regarding the protein regulatory networks that control grain development. Here, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology was used to analyze temporal changes in protein expression during maize grain development. RESULTS Maize grain proteins and changes in protein expression at eight developmental stages from 3 to 50 d after pollination (DAP) were performed using iTRAQ-based proteomics. Overall, 4751 proteins were identified; 2639 of these were quantified and 1235 showed at least 1.5-fold changes in expression levels at different developmental stages and were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The DEPs were involved in different cellular and metabolic processes with a preferential distribution to protein synthesis/destination and metabolism categories. A K-means clustering analysis revealed coordinated protein expression associated with different functional categories/subcategories at different development stages. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed developing maize grain display different proteomic characteristics at distinct stages, such as numerous DEPs for cell growth/division were highly expressed during early stages, whereas those for starch biosynthesis and defense/stress accumulated in middle and late stages, respectively. We also observed coordinated expression of multiple proteins of the antioxidant system, which are essential for the maintenance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis during grain development. Particularly, some DEPs, such as zinc metallothionein class II, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and 14-3-3 proteins, undergo major changes in expression at specific developmental stages, suggesting their roles in maize grain development. These results provide a valuable resource for analyzing protein function on a global scale and also provide new insights into the potential protein regulatory networks that control grain yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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Trujillo-Ocampo A, Cázares-Raga FE, Celestino-Montes A, Cortés-Martínez L, Rodríguez MH, Hernández-Hernández FDLC. IDENTIFICATION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF TWO 14-3-3 PROTEINS IN THE MOSQUITO Aedes aegypti, AN IMPORTANT ARBOVIRUSES VECTOR. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 93:143-159. [PMID: 27592842 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are evolutionarily conserved acidic proteins that form a family with several isoforms in many cell types of plants and animals. In invertebrates, including dipteran and lepidopteran insects, only two isoforms have been reported. 14-3-3 proteins are scaffold molecules that form homo- or heterodimeric complexes, acting as molecular adaptors mediating phosphorylation-dependent interactions with signaling molecules involved in immunity, cell differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer. Here, we describe the presence of two isoforms of 14-3-3 in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses. Both isoforms have the conserved characteristics of the family: two protein signatures (PS1 and PS2), an annexin domain, three serine residues, targets for phosphorylation (positions 58, 184, and 233), necessary for their function, and nine alpha helix-forming segments. By sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, we found that the molecules correspond to Ɛ and ζ isoforms (Aeae14-3-3ε and Aeae14-3-3ζ). The messengers and protein products were present in all stages of the mosquito life cycle and all the tissues analyzed, with a small predominance of Aeae14-3-3ζ except in the midgut and ovaries of adult females. The 14-3-3 proteins in female midgut epithelial cells were located in the cytoplasm. Our results may provide insights to further investigate the functions of these proteins in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Trujillo-Ocampo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Febe Elena Cázares-Raga
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonio Celestino-Montes
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leticia Cortés-Martínez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mario H Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Fidel de la Cruz Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
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Huarancca Reyes T, Scartazza A, Lu Y, Yamaguchi J, Guglielminetti L. Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on carbohydrate metabolism and light energy dissipation mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:195-202. [PMID: 27108206 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) nutrient sources are essential elements for metabolism, and their availability must be tightly coordinated for the optimal growth and development in plants. Plants are able to sense and respond to different C/N conditions via specific partitioning of C and N sources and the regulation of a complex cellular metabolic activity. We studied how the interaction between C and N signaling could affect carbohydrate metabolism, soluble sugar levels, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the ability to drive the excess energy in Arabidopsis seedlings under moderated and disrupted C/N-nutrient conditions. Invertase and sucrose synthase activities were markedly affected by C/N-nutrient status depending on the phosphorylation status, suggesting that these enzymes may necessarily be modulated by their direct phosphorylation or phosphorylation of proteins that form complex with them in response to C/N stress. In addition, the enzymatic activity of these enzymes was also correlated with the amount of sugars, which not only act as substrate but also as signaling compounds. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in plants under disrupted C/N condition suggested a reduction of electron transport rate at PSII level associated with a higher capacity for non-radiative energy dissipation in comparison with plants under moderated C/N condition. In conclusion, the tight coordination between C and N not only affects the carbohydrates metabolism and their concentration within plant tissues, but also the partitioning of the excitation energy at PSII level between radiative (electron transport) and non-radiative (heat) dissipation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, I-56017, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Istituto di Biologia Agro-ambientale e Forestale (IBAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Mariscoglio 34, I-56017, Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Characterization of ubiquitin ligase SlATL31 and proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 targets in tomato fruit tissue (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Proteomics 2016; 143:254-264. [PMID: 27113132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The 14-3-3 proteins participate in many aspects of plant physiology by interacting with phosphorylated proteins and thereby regulating target protein functions. In Arabidopsis plant, the ubiquitin ligase ATL31 controls 14-3-3 stability via both direct interaction and ubiquitination, and this consequently regulates post-germinative growth in response to carbon and nitrogen nutrient availability. Since 14-3-3 proteins regulate the activities of many key enzymes related to nutrient metabolism, one would anticipate that they should play an essential role not only in vegetative but also in reproductive tissue. Because fruit yield largely depends on carbon and nitrogen availability and their utilization, the function of 14-3-3 proteins was analyzed in tomato fruit tissue. Here, we isolated and characterized an ubiquitin ligase SlATL31 (Solyc03g112340) from tomato and demonstrated that SlATL31 has ubiquitin ligase activity as well as interaction with tomato 14-3-3 proteins, suggesting the possibility that the SlATL31 functions as an ubiquitin ligase for 14-3-3 similarly to its Arabidopsis ortholog. Furthermore, we performed proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 interacting proteins and identified 106 proteins as putative 14-3-3 targets including key enzymes for carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. This 14-3-3 interactome result and available transcriptome profile suggest a considerable yet complex role of 14-3-3 proteins in tomato fruit tissue. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Considerable cumulative evidence exists which implies that 14-3-3 proteins are involved in the regulation of plant primary metabolism. Here we provide the first report of 14-3-3 interactome analysis and identify putative 14-3-3 targets in tomato fruit tissue, which may be highly important given the documented metabolic shifts, which occur during fruit development and ripening. These data open future research avenues by which to understand the regulation of the role of post-translational regulation in tomato fruit development.
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26
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Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149613. [PMID: 26891365 PMCID: PMC4758647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD.
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27
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Wang X, Chang L, Tong Z, Wang D, Yin Q, Wang D, Jin X, Yang Q, Wang L, Sun Y, Huang Q, Guo A, Peng M. Proteomics Profiling Reveals Carbohydrate Metabolic Enzymes and 14-3-3 Proteins Play Important Roles for Starch Accumulation during Cassava Root Tuberization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19643. [PMID: 26791570 PMCID: PMC4726164 DOI: 10.1038/srep19643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassava is one of the most important root crops as a reliable source of food and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation in cassava storage root is a cascade process that includes large amounts of proteins and cofactors. Here, comparative proteomics were conducted in cassava root at nine developmental stages. A total of 154 identified proteins were found to be differentially expressed during starch accumulation and root tuberization. Many enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated, and functional classification of the differentially expressed proteins demonstrated that the majority were binding-related enzymes. Many proteins were took part in carbohydrate metabolism to produce energy. Among them, three 14-3-3 isoforms were induced to be clearly phosphorylated during storage root enlargement. Overexpression of a cassava 14-3-3 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the older leaves of these transgenic plants contained higher sugar and starch contents than the wild-type leaves. The 14-3-3 proteins and their binding enzymes may play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation during cassava root tuberization. These results not only deepened our understanding of the tuberous root proteome, but also uncovered new insights into carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation during cassava root enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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28
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Teichmann A, Vargas DM, Monteiro KM, Meneghetti BV, Dutra CS, Paredes R, Galanti N, Zaha A, Ferreira HB. Characterization of 14-3-3 Isoforms Expressed in the Echinococcus granulosus Pathogenic Larval Stage. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1700-15. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Teichmann
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiani M. Vargas
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina M. Monteiro
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna V. Meneghetti
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine S. Dutra
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela
de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecologia y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370251 Santiago, Chile
| | - Norbel Galanti
- Programa
de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8389100 Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Ferreira
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
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29
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Jorrín-Novo JV, Pascual J, Sánchez-Lucas R, Romero-Rodríguez MC, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Lenz C, Valledor L. Fourteen years of plant proteomics reflected in Proteomics: moving from model species and 2DE-based approaches to orphan species and gel-free platforms. Proteomics 2015; 15:1089-112. [PMID: 25487722 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the topic of plant proteomics is reviewed based on related papers published in the journal Proteomics since publication of the first issue in 2001. In total, around 300 original papers and 41 reviews published in Proteomics between 2000 and 2014 have been surveyed. Our main objective for this review is to help bridge the gap between plant biologists and proteomics technologists, two often very separate groups. Over the past years a number of reviews on plant proteomics have been published . To avoid repetition we have focused on more recent literature published after 2010, and have chosen to rather make continuous reference to older publications. The use of the latest proteomics techniques and their integration with other approaches in the "systems biology" direction are discussed more in detail. Finally we comment on the recent history, state of the art, and future directions of plant proteomics, using publications in Proteomics to illustrate the progress in the field. The review is organized into two major blocks, the first devoted to provide an overview of experimental systems (plants, plant organs, biological processes) and the second one to the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba-CeiA3, Cordoba, Spain
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30
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Affinity chromatography revealed insights into unique functionality of two 14-3-3 protein species in developing maize kernels. J Proteomics 2015; 114:274-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Fedosejevs ET, Ying S, Park J, Anderson EM, Mullen RT, She YM, Plaxton WC. Biochemical and molecular characterization of RcSUS1, a cytosolic sucrose synthase phosphorylated in vivo at serine 11 in developing castor oil seeds. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33412-24. [PMID: 25313400 PMCID: PMC4246097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.585554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) catalyzes the UDP-dependent cleavage of sucrose into UDP-glucose and fructose and has become an important target for improving seed crops via metabolic engineering. A UDP-specific SUS homotetramer composed of 93-kDa subunits was purified to homogeneity from the triacylglyceride-rich endosperm of developing castor oil seeds (COS) and identified as RcSUS1 by mass spectrometry. RcSUS1 transcripts peaked during early development, whereas levels of SUS activity and immunoreactive 93-kDa SUS polypeptides maximized during mid-development, becoming undetectable in fully mature COS. The cytosolic location of the enzyme was established following transient expression of RcSUS1-enhanced YFP in tobacco suspension cells and fluorescence microscopy. Immunological studies using anti-phosphosite-specific antibodies revealed dynamic and high stoichiometric in vivo phosphorylation of RcSUS1 at its conserved Ser-11 residue during COS development. Incorporation of (32)P(i) from [γ-(32)P]ATP into a RcSUS1 peptide substrate, alongside a phosphosite-specific ELISA assay, established the presence of calcium-dependent RcSUS1 (Ser-11) kinase activity. Approximately 10% of RcSUS1 was associated with COS microsomal membranes and was hypophosphorylated relative to the remainder of RcSUS1 that partitioned into the soluble, cytosolic fraction. Elimination of sucrose supply caused by excision of intact pods of developing COS abolished RcSUS1 transcription while triggering the progressive dephosphorylation of RcSUS1 in planta. This did not influence the proportion of RcSUS1 associated with microsomal membranes but instead correlated with a subsequent marked decline in SUS activity and immunoreactive RcSUS1 polypeptides. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 appears to protect RcSUS1 from proteolysis, rather than influence its kinetic properties or partitioning between the soluble cytosol and microsomal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joonho Park
- the Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea
| | - Erin M Anderson
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and
| | - Robert T Mullen
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada, and
| | - Yi-Min She
- the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - William C Plaxton
- From the Departments of Biology and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada,
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32
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Soares JSM, Gentile A, Scorsato V, Lima ADC, Kiyota E, Dos Santos ML, Piattoni CV, Huber SC, Aparicio R, Menossi M. Oligomerization, membrane association, and in vivo phosphorylation of sugarcane UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33364-77. [PMID: 25320091 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.590125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is a monocot plant that accumulates sucrose to levels of up to 50% of dry weight in the stalk. The mechanisms that are involved in sucrose accumulation in sugarcane are not well understood, and little is known with regard to factors that control the extent of sucrose storage in the stalks. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase; EC 2.7.7.9) is an enzyme that produces UDP-glucose, a key precursor for sucrose metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis. The objective of this work was to gain insights into the ScUGPase-1 expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms that control protein activity. ScUGPase-1 expression was negatively correlated with the sucrose content in the internodes during development, and only slight differences in the expression patterns were observed between two cultivars that differ in sucrose content. The intracellular localization of ScUGPase-1 indicated partial membrane association of this soluble protein in both the leaves and internodes. Using a phospho-specific antibody, we observed that ScUGPase-1 was phosphorylated in vivo at the Ser-419 site in the soluble and membrane fractions from the leaves but not from the internodes. The purified recombinant enzyme was kinetically characterized in the direction of UDP-glucose formation, and the enzyme activity was affected by redox modification. Preincubation with H2O2 strongly inhibited this activity, which could be reversed by DTT. Small angle x-ray scattering analysis indicated that the dimer interface is located at the C terminus and provided the first structural model of the dimer of sugarcane UGPase in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Sergio M Soares
- From the Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, C.P. 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustina Gentile
- From the Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, C.P. 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Scorsato
- the Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline da C Lima
- the Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- the Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Leite Dos Santos
- the Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Núcleo de Química, Universidade Federal do Sergipe, C.P. 49500000, Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Claudia V Piattoni
- the Instituto de Agrobiotecnologia del Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria-Paraje El Pozo, CC242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Steven C Huber
- the Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- the Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Cristalografia, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- From the Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, C.P. 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil,
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Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. A review of starch-branching enzymes and their role in amylopectin biosynthesis. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:546-58. [PMID: 25196474 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Starch-branching enzymes (SBEs) are one of the four major enzyme classes involved in starch biosynthesis in plants and algae, and their activities play a crucial role in determining the structure and physical properties of starch granules. SBEs generate α-1,6-branch linkages in α-glucans through cleavage of internal α-1,4 bonds and transfer of the released reducing ends to C-6 hydroxyls. Starch biosynthesis in plants and algae requires multiple isoforms of SBEs and is distinct from glycogen biosynthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes which uses a single branching enzyme (BE) isoform. One of the unique characteristics of starch structure is the grouping of α-1,6-branch points in clusters within amylopectin. This is a feature of SBEs and their interplay with other starch biosynthetic enzymes, thus facilitating formation of the compact water-insoluble semicrystalline starch granule. In this respect, the activity of SBE isoforms is pivotal in starch granule assembly. SBEs are structurally related to the α-amylase superfamily of enzymes, sharing three domains of secondary structure with prokaryotic Bes: the central (β/α)8 -barrel catalytic domain, an NH2 -terminal domain involved in determining the size of α-glucan chain transferred, and the C-terminal domain responsible for catalytic capacity and substrate preference. In addition, SBEs have conserved plant-specific domains, including phosphorylation sites which are thought to be involved in regulating starch metabolism. SBEs form heteromeric protein complexes with other SBE isoforms as well as other enzymes involved in starch synthesis, and assembly of these protein complexes is regulated by protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylated SBEIIb is found in multienzyme complexes with isoforms of glucan-elongating starch synthases, and these protein complexes are implicated in amylopectin cluster formation. This review presents a comparative overview of plant SBEs and includes a review of their properties, structural and functional characteristics, and recent developments on their post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Yang ZP, Li HL, Guo D, Tang X, Peng SQ. Identification and characterization of the 14-3-3 gene family in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:121-7. [PMID: 24751399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved phospho-specific binding proteins involved in diverse physiological processes. Although the genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in certain plant species, little is known about 14-3-3 protein genes in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In this study, we identified 10 14-3-3 protein genes (designated as HbGF14a to HbGF14j) in the latest rubber tree genome. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and found to demonstrate that HbGF14s can be divided into two major groups. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that 10 HbGF14 were expressed in at least one of the tissues, which suggested that HbGF14s participated in numerous cellular processes. The 10 HbGF14s responded to jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) treatment, which suggested that these HbGF14s were involved in response to JA and ET signaling. The target of HbGF14c protein was related to small rubber particle protein, a major rubber particle protein that is involved in rubber biosynthesis. These findings suggested that 14-3-3 proteins may be involved in the regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4# Xueyuan Rd., Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dong Guo
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4# Xueyuan Rd., Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 4# Xueyuan Rd., Haikou 571101, China.
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Feng E, Chen H, Li Y, Jiang W, Wang Z, Yin Y. Gene cloning, expression, and function analysis of SpL14-3-3ζ in Spodoptera litura and its response to the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:49-56. [PMID: 24747013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins, a highly evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitous protein family in eukaryotic cells, have a range of biological functions including regulation of signal transduction, stress response, apoptosis, and control of the cell cycle. To investigate the function of 14-3-3 in Spodoptera litura, the full length of 14-3-3ζ was cloned from S. litura on the basis of an expressed sequence tag of 14-3-3ζ from the S. litura fat body suppression subtractive hybridization library, and named SpL14-3-3ζ. SpL14-3-3ζ cDNA was 1196 bp with an open reading frame of 744 bp, encoding 247 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis revealed the putative amino acids shared >80% homology with 14-3-3ζ from other organisms and shared typical conservative structures. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed SpL14-3-3ζ was closely related to other available Lepidoptera 14-3-3ζ. Real-time PCR analysis indicated SpL14-3-3ζ was expressed throughout the developmental stages of S. litura, with a relatively high expression level in pre-pupa, and was expressed constitutively in all examined tissues with relatively high levels in hemocytes and midgut. Moreover, the transcription level of SpL14-3-3ζ could be induced by Nomuraea rileyi infection, up-regulated in hemocytes, followed by head, fat body and midgut. Knocking down SpL14-3-3ζ transcripts by RNAi significantly increased S. litura sensitivity to fungal infection, and resulted in higher mortality of S. litura during the larval development. These results provide novel insights into the 14-3-3ζ signal regulation which may be related to host defense as well as larval development in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryan Feng
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Youping Yin
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China.
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36
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Tang J, Li Z, Li Z, Chen D, Lin W. A proteomic study on molecular mechanism of poor grain-filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.) inferior spikelets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89140. [PMID: 24586550 PMCID: PMC3931721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), especially of the type with large spikelets, often fail to reach the yield potential as expected due to the poor grain-filling on the later flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to the earlier-flowering superior spikelets). The present study showed that the size and grain weight of superior spikelets (SS) was greater than those of inferior spikelets (IS), and the carbohydrate supply should not be the major problem for the poor grain-filling because there was adequate amount of sucrose in IS at the initial grain-filling stage. High resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with Coomassie-brilliant blue (CBB) and Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein fluorescence stain revealed that 123 proteins in abundance and 43 phosphoproteins generated from phosphorylation were significantly different between SS and IS. These proteins and phosphoproteins were involved in different cellular and metabolic processes with a prominently functional skew toward metabolism and protein synthesis/destination. Expression analyses of the proteins and phosphoproteins associated with different functional categories/subcategories indicated that the starch synthesis, central carbon metabolism, N metabolism and cell growth/division were closely related to the poor grain-filling of IS. Functional and expression pattern studies also suggested that 14-3-3 proteins played important roles in IS poor grain-filling by regulating the activity of starch synthesis enzymes. The proteome and phosphoproteome obtained from this study provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the IS poor grain-filling. They were also expected to be highly useful for improving the grain filling of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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37
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Polymorphism of Starch Granule-Associated Proteins and 5′ Leader Sequence of GBSSI Gene in Indigenous Naked Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China. ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2012.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Maier W, Bednorz M, Meister S, Roebroek A, Weggen S, Schmitt U, Pietrzik CU. LRP1 is critical for the surface distribution and internalization of the NR2B NMDA receptor subtype. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:25. [PMID: 23866919 PMCID: PMC3722104 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are key mediators of excitatory transmission and are implicated in many forms of synaptic plasticity. These receptors are heterotetrameres consisting of two obligatory NR1 and two regulatory subunits, usually NR2A or NR2B. The NR2B subunits are abundant in the early postnatal brain, while the NR2A/NR2B ratio increases during early postnatal development. This shift is driven by NMDA receptor activity. A functional interplay of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 1 (LRP1) NMDA receptor has already been reported. Such abilities as interaction of LRP1 with NMDA receptor subunits or its important role in tPa-mediated NMDA receptor signaling were already demonstrated. Moreover, mice harboring a conditional neuronal knock-out mutation of the entire Lrp1 gene display NMDA-associated behavioral changes. However, the exact role of LRP1 on NMDA receptor function remains still elusive. Results To provide a mechanistic explanation for such effects we investigated whether an inactivating knock-in mutation into the NPxY2 motif of LRP1 might influence the cell surface expression of LRP1 and NMDA receptors in primary cortical neurons. Here we demonstrate that a knock-in into the NPxY2 motif of LRP1 results in an increased surface expression of LRP1 and NR2B NMDA receptor subunit due to reduced endocytosis rates of LRP1 and the NR2B subunit in primary neurons derived from LRP1ΔNPxY2 animals. Furthermore, we demonstrate an altered phosphorylation pattern of S1480 and Y1472 in the NR2B subunit at the surface of LRP1ΔNPxY2 neurons, while the respective kinases Fyn and casein kinase II are not differently regulated compared with wild type controls. Performing co-immunoprecipitation experiments we demonstrate that binding of LRP1 to NR2B might be linked by PSD95, is phosphorylation dependent and this regulation mechanism is impaired in LRP1ΔNPxY2 neurons. Finally, we demonstrate hyperactivity and changes in spatial and reversal learning in LRP1ΔNPxY2 mice, confirming the mechanistic interaction in a physiological readout. Conclusions In summary, our data demonstrate that LRP1 plays a critical role in the regulation of NR2B expression at the cell surface and may provide a mechanistic explanation for the behavioral abnormalities detected in neuronal LRP1 knock-out animals reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladislaw Maier
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz 55099, Germany
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Blennow A, Jensen SL, Shaik SS, Skryhan K, Carciofi M, Holm PB, Hebelstrup KH, Tanackovic V. Future Cereal Starch Bioengineering: Cereal Ancestors Encounter Gene Technology and Designer Enzymes. Cereal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-01-13-0010-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Phone: +45 35333304. Fax: +45 35333333. E-mail:
| | - Susanne L. Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shahnoor S. Shaik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katsiaryna Skryhan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Carciofi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Preben B. Holm
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kim H. Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vanja Tanackovic
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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de Boer AH, van Kleeff PJM, Gao J. Plant 14-3-3 proteins as spiders in a web of phosphorylation. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:425-40. [PMID: 22926776 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. To fully modulate the activity of specific proteins after phosphorylation, interaction with members of the 14-3-3 family is necessary. 14-3-3 Proteins are important for many processes because they "assist" a wide range of target proteins with divergent functions. In this review, we will describe how plant 14-3-3 proteins are as spiders in a web of phosphorylation: they act as sensors for phospho-motifs, they themselves are phosphorylated with unknown consequences and they have kinases as target, where some of these phosphorylate 14-3-3 binding motifs in other proteins. Two specific classes of 14-3-3 targets, protein kinases and transcription factors of the bZIP and basic helix-loop-helix-like families, with important and diverse functions in the plant as a whole will be discussed. An important question to be addressed in the near future is how the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins has diverged, both structurally and functionally, between different members of the same protein family, like the kinases and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus H de Boer
- Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Polit JT, Ciereszko I. Sucrose synthase activity and carbohydrates content in relation to phosphorylation status of Vicia faba root meristems during reactivation from sugar depletion. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1597-1606. [PMID: 22770419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate starvation of Vicia faba root meristems leads to readjustment of carbohydrate metabolism and blocks the cell cycle in two principal control points (PCP1/2). The cell cycle reactivation is possible after sucrose provision, although with a delay of about 12h. During this period, the cells are sensitive to 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and okadaic acid (OA), inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases, respectively. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether those inhibitors are involved in inhibition of cell cycle revival through interference with the activities of two sucrose-cleaving enzymes: sucrose synthase (SuSy; EC 2.4.1.13) and invertase (INV; EC 3.2.1.26). In sugar-starved cells, the in situ activity of both enzymes decreased significantly. Following supplementation of root meristems with sugar, INV remained inactive, but SuSy activity increased. Despite the lack of INV activity, glucose was present in meristem cells, but its content was low in cells treated with OA. In the latter case, the size of plastids was reduced, they had less starch, and Golgi structures were affected. In sugar-starved cells, SuSy activity was induced more by exogenous sucrose than by glucose. The sucrose-induced activity was strongly inhibited by OA (less by 6-DMAP) at early stages of regeneration, but not at the stages preceding DNA replication or mitotic activities. The results indicate that prolongation of regeneration and a marked decrease in the number of cells resuming proliferation (observed in previous studies) and resulting from the action of inhibitors, are correlated with the process of SuSy activation at the beginning of regeneration from sugar starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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42
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Abstract
Starch is the major non-structural carbohydrate in plants. It serves as an important store of carbon that fuels plant metabolism and growth when they are unable to photosynthesise. This storage can be in leaves and other green tissues, where it is degraded during the night, or in heterotrophic tissues such as roots, seeds and tubers, where it is stored over longer time periods. Arabidopsis accumulates starch in many of its tissues, but mostly in its leaves during the day. It has proven to be a powerful genetic system for discovering how starch is synthesised and degraded, and new proteins and processes have been discovered. Such work has major significance for our starch crops, whose yield and quality could be improved by the application of this knowledge. Research into Arabidopsis starch metabolism has begun to reveal how its daily turnover is integrated into the rest of metabolism and adapted to the environmental conditions. Furthermore, Arabidopsis mutant lines deficient in starch metabolism have been employed as tools to study other biological processes ranging from sugar sensing to gravitropism and flowering time control. This review gives a detailed account of the use of Arabidopsis to study starch metabolism. It describes the major discoveries made and presents an overview of our understanding today, together with some as-yet unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Streb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH
Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Zeeman
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH
Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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44
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Effects of chronic tramadol exposure on the zebrafish brain: A proteomic study. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3351-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Lalle M, Camerini S, Cecchetti S, Sayadi A, Crescenzi M, Pozio E. Interaction Network of the 14-3-3 Protein in the Ancient Protozoan Parasite Giardia duodenalis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2666-83. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lalle
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic
and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Camerini
- Department
of Cell Biology and
Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Department
of Cell Biology and
Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences
“A. Rossi-Fanelli”, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Department
of Cell Biology and
Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pozio
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic
and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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46
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The starch granule associated proteomes of commercially purified starch reference materials from rice and maize. J Proteomics 2012; 75:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Dycka F, Bobal P, Mazanec K, Bobalova J. Rapid and efficient protein enzymatic digestion: an experimental comparison. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:288-95. [PMID: 22170586 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The major objective of proteomics is to identify and examine the large numbers of proteins extracted from complex biological systems. This is generally achieved by combining various techniques of protein separation with a mass spectrometric analysis of proteins that are digested enzymatically. Recently, several alternatives to this standard protocol have been developed for efficient and fast protein digestion. One option is the use of modified trypsin instead of native trypsin for the in-gel digestion of proteins. Microwave, ultrasonic-assisted protein enzymatic digestion and proteolysis accelerated by infrared radiation are other suitable alternatives. The application of the variable performance of the fast enzymatic digestion of proteins by using different techniques is reported here. The advantage of these methods is to have the ability to detect proteins in a shorter span of time. For example, using alternative protein digestion takes only minutes, in contrast to the several hours required by conventional methods. To demonstrate the suitability of this fast procedure, the digestion of carbonic anhydrase, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme and proteins extracted from plants (Hordeum vulgare, Arabidopsis thaliana) were used. Considering that the required reaction time for the conventional method is much longer, these applied methodic approaches tend to give in-gel digestion a much higher efficiency rating. This study examines the fast, efficient and low-cost proteolytic strategies for the digestion process, and for protein identification based on the use of ultrasound and infrared technology. In addition, comparisons of the applied techniques were studied. Several differences were found, suggesting the potential use of proteolysis accelerated by infrared radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Dycka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kim HT, Choi UK, Ryu HS, Lee SJ, Kwon OS. Mobilization of storage proteins in soybean seed (Glycine max L.) during germination and seedling growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1814:1178-87. [PMID: 21616178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During germination and early growth of the seedling, storage proteins are degraded by proteases. Currently, limited information is available on the degradation of storage proteins in the soybean during germination. In this study, a combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry approach was utilized to determine the proteome profile of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.; Eunhakong). Comparative analysis showed that the temporal profiles of protein expression are dramatically changed during the seed germination and seedling growth. More than 80% of the proteins identified were subunits of glycinin and β-conglycinin, two major storage proteins. Most subunits of these proteins were degraded almost completely at a different rate by 120h, and the degradation products were accumulated or degraded further. Interestingly, the acidic subunits of glycinin were rapidly degraded, but no obvious change in the basic chains. Of the five acidic subunits, the degradation of G2 subunit was not apparently affected by at least 96h but the levels decreased rapidly after that, while no newly appearing intermediate was detected upon the degradation of G4 subunit. On the other hand, the degradation of β-conglycinin during storage protein mobilization appeared to be similar to that of glycinin but at a faster rate. Both α and α' subunits of β-conglycinin largely disappeared by 96h, while the β subunits degraded at the slowest rate. These results suggest that mobilization of subunits of the storage proteins is differentially regulated for seed germination and seedling growth. The present proteomic analysis will facilitate future studies addressing the complex biochemical events taking place during soybean seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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49
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Denison FC, Paul AL, Zupanska AK, Ferl RJ. 14-3-3 proteins in plant physiology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:720-7. [PMID: 21907297 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant 14-3-3 isoforms, like their highly conserved homologues in mammals, function by binding to phosphorylated client proteins to modulate their function. Through the regulation of a diverse range of proteins including kinases, transcription factors, structural proteins, ion channels and pathogen defense-related proteins, they are being implicated in an expanding catalogue of physiological functions in plants. 14-3-3s themselves are affected, both transcriptionally and functionally, by the extracellular and intracellular environment of the plant. They can modulate signaling pathways that transduce inputs from the environment and also the downstream proteins that elicit the physiological response. This review covers some of the key emerging roles for plant 14-3-3s including their role in the response to the plant extracellular environment, particularly environmental stress, pathogens and light conditions. We also address potential key roles in primary metabolism, hormone signaling, growth and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Denison
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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50
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Swatek KN, Graham K, Agrawal GK, Thelen JJ. The 14-3-3 Isoforms Chi and Epsilon Differentially Bind Client Proteins from Developing Arabidopsis Seed. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4076-87. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200263m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirby N. Swatek
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Katherine Graham
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ganesh K. Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jay J. Thelen
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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