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Guo J, Tang W, Tang W, Gao T, Yuan M, Wu Y, Wang G. Research progress on the types, functions, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of ginkgo terpenoids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108754. [PMID: 38824693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is a relict plant endemic to China that is commonly considered a "living fossil". It contains unique medicinal compounds that play important roles in its response to various stresses and help maintain human health. Ginkgo terpenoids are known to be important active ingredients but have received less attention than flavonoids. Hence, this review focuses on recent progress in research on the pharmacological effects of ginkgo terpenoid and the bioactivities of different terpenoid monomers. Many key structural genes, enzyme-encoding genes, transcription factors, and noncoding RNAs involved in the ginkgo terpenoid pathway were identified. Finally, many external factors (ecological factors, hormones, etc.) that regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism of terpenoids were proposed. All these findings improve the understanding of the biosynthesis, accumulation, and medicinal functions of terpenoids. Finally, this review includes an in-depth discussion regarding the limitations of terpenoid-related studies and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu X, Ye J, Zhang X, Yang K, Zheng J, Cheng S, Zhang W, Xu F. Multi-omics explores the potential regulatory role of acetylation modification in flavonoid biosynthesis of Ginkgo biloba. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae051. [PMID: 38728368 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are crucial medicinal active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba L. However, the effect of protein post-translational modifications on flavonoid biosynthesis remains poorly explored. Lysine acetylation, a reversible post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation. This study aims to investigate the potential role of acetylation in G. biloba flavonoid biosynthesis. Through comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes, metabolomes, proteomes and acetylated proteins in different tissues, a total of 11,788 lysine acetylation sites were identified on 4324 acetylated proteins, including 89 acetylation sites on 23 proteins. Additionally, 128 types of differentially accumulated flavonoids were identified among tissues, and a dataset of differentially expressed genes related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was constructed. Twelve (CHI, C3H1, ANR, DFR, CCoAOMT1, F3H1, F3H2, CCoAOMT2, C3H2, HCT, F3'5'H and FG2) acetylated proteins that might be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified. Specifically, we found that the modification levels of CCoAOMT1 and F3'5'H sites correlated with the catalytic production of homoeriodictyol and dihydromyricetin, respectively. Inhibitors of lysine deacetylase (trichostatin A) impacted total flavonoid content in different tissues and increased flavonoid levels in G. biloba roots. Treatment with trichostatin A revealed that expression levels of GbF3'5'H and GbCCoAOMT1 in stems and leaves aligned with total flavonoid content variations, while in roots, expression levels of GbC3H2 and GbFG2 corresponded to total flavonoid content changes. Collectively, these findings reveal for the first time the important role of acetylation in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Nofal AE, AboShabaan HS, Fadda WA, Ereba RE, Elsharkawy SM, Hathout HM. L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism. Cells 2024; 13:732. [PMID: 38727268 PMCID: PMC11083725 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment strategies for steatohepatitis are of special interest given the high prevalence of obesity and fatty liver disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of L-carnitine (LC) and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GB) supplementation in ameliorating the adverse effects of hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis induced by a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) in an animal model. The study involved 50 rats divided into five groups, including a control group, a group receiving only an HCD, and three groups receiving an HCD along with either LC (300 mg LC/kg bw), GB (100 mg GB/kg bw), or both. After eight weeks, various parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism, antioxidant capacity, histopathology, immune reactivity, and liver ultrastructure were measured. LC + GB supplementation reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with those in the HCD group. Additionally, treatment with both supplements improved antioxidant ability and reduced lipid peroxidation. The histological examination confirmed that the combination therapy reduced liver steatosis and fibrosis while also improving the appearance of cell organelles in the ultrastructural hepatocytes. Finally, the immunohistochemical analysis indicated that cotreatment with LC + GB upregulated the immune expression of GLP-1 and β-Cat in liver sections that were similar to those of the control animals. Mono-treatment with LC or GB alone substantially but not completely protected the liver tissue, while the combined use of LC and GB may be more effective in treating liver damage caused by high cholesterol than either supplement alone by regulating hepatic oxidative stress and the protein expression of GLP-1 and β-Cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany E. Nofal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Hind S. AboShabaan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Walaa A. Fadda
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Rafik E. Ereba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cario 11511, Egypt;
| | | | - Heba M. Hathout
- Natural Resources Department, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Lei J, Yang J, Bao C, Lu F, Wu Q, Wu Z, Lv H, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhu N, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Hu M, Lin L. Isorhamnetin: what is the in vitro evidence for its antitumor potential and beyond? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1309178. [PMID: 38650631 PMCID: PMC11033395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1309178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (ISO) is a phenolic compound belonging to flavonoid family, showcasing important in vitro pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammation, and organ protection. ISO is predominantly extracted from Hippophae rhamnoides L. This plant is well-known in China and abroad because of its "medicinal and food homologous" characteristics. As a noteworthy natural drug candidate, ISO has received considerable attention in recent years owing to its low cost, wide availability, high efficacy, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. To comprehensively elucidate the multiple biological functions of ISO, particularly its antitumor activities and other pharmacological potentials, a literature search was conducted using electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This review primarily focuses on ISO's ethnopharmacology. By synthesizing the advancements made in existing research, it is found that the general effects of ISO involve a series of in vitro potentials, such as antitumor, protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and more. This review illustrates ISO's antitumor and other pharmacological potentials, providing a theoretical basis for further research and new drug development of ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jianbao Yang
- School of Public Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Cuiyu Bao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorder, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Feifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hong Lv
- School of Public Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Mohammadi Zonouz A, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155352. [PMID: 38342017 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most unique plants that have ever grown on the planet is Ginkgo biloba L., a member of the Ginkgoaceae family with no close living relatives. The existence of several differently structured components of G. biloba has increased the chemical variety of herbal therapy. Numerous studies that investigated the biochemical characteristics of G. biloba suggest this plant as a potential treatment for many illnesses. PURPOSE Review the molecular mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways of G. biloba activity in varied circumstances and its potential as a novel treatment for various illnesses. METHODS Studies focusing on the molecular processes and signaling pathways of compounds and extracts of G. biloba were found and summarized using the proper keywords and operators from Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without time restrictions. RESULTS G. biloba exerts its effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, pulmoprotective, renoprotective, anti-osteoporosis, anti-melanogenic, retinoprotective, otoprotective, adipogenic, and anti-adipogenic properties. The most important mechanisms involved in these actions are altering the elevation of ROS formation, inhibiting NADPH oxidases activation, altering the expression of antioxidant enzymes, downregulating MAPKs (p38 MAPK and ERK, and JNK) and AP-1, increasing cAMP, inactivating Stat5, activating the AMPK signaling pathway, affecting Stat3/JAK2, NF-κB, Nrf-2, mTOR, HGF/c-Met, Wnt/β-catenin and BMP signaling pathways, and changing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the release of Cyc from mitochondria to cytosol, the protein cleavage of caspases 3, 7, 8, 9, and 12, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and MMPs levels. CONCLUSIONS G. biloba and its components have gained attention in recent years for their therapeutic benefits, such as their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and apoptotic effects. By understanding their molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, potential novel medicines might be developed in response to the rising public desire for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Samei M, Dowlatkhahi N, Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Can daily consumption of enriched fatty acids diet be effective in improving metabolic syndrome? An attractive paradox for walnut kernel. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2311-2333. [PMID: 38628188 PMCID: PMC11016402 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Imagine consuming a daily diet rich in fatty acids to help treat diseases such as hypertension and obesity. This concept presents an attractive paradox. In particular, consuming walnut kernels is beneficial for treating diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Different parts of the Juglans regia tree (family Juglandaceae), including its leaves, green husks, bark, and septum, have shown promising effects on pathological conditions related to MetS. The therapeutic advantages of consuming walnut kernels for MetS can be attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds such as juglone and ellagic acid. Diets enriched with walnut kernel have a positive impact on MetS complications by reducing diastolic blood pressure, improving blood lipid profiles, lowering fasting blood sugar levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity. The potential cellular mechanisms responsible for these benefits involve activating the cholesterol hemostasis pathway by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Furthermore, other by-products of walnuts, such as leaves and green husks, have also demonstrated effectiveness in managing MetS. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating walnut-based products into our diets as a natural approach to combating MetS and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Samei
- School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Chen S, Tan S, Hou W, Chen X, Bai L, Zou Y, Sun W, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Efficacy and safety of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract as adjuvant therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26861. [PMID: 38439880 PMCID: PMC10909711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in the adjuvant treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods Relevant RCTs on GBE as adjuvant therapy for ICH were searched in seven Chinese and English databases. Data extraction of the included literature was performed after duplicate checking and screening, and Stata 15.1 software was applied for data analysis. Results With a total of 19 RCTs, the meta-analysis results showed that: Compared with conventional treatment alone, GBE combined with conventional treatment had a higher effective rate; NIHSS score and CSS score were lower; The residual hematoma was less. The volume of cerebral edema was smaller. ADL score was higher. MoCA score was higher. The serum levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were lower; No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between conventional treatment alone and GBE combined with conventional treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that GBE as adjuvant therapy for ICH has better efficacy and is relatively safe compared with conventional treatment alone. However, due to the quality and quantity of included studies, further validation by more methodologically rigorous and multi-center studies with larger sample sizes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shufa Tan
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wen Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Lei Bai
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Weitong Sun
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
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Sun Z, Lin S, Wu ZL, Dong HY, Xu XK, Li HL, Wang J. New phenylbutenoids and terpene glycosides from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:161-170. [PMID: 38342568 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Our continued works on the chemical constituents of Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) leaves has led to the isolation of two novel phenylbutenoids (1, 2), along with five previously unidentified terpene glycosides (3-7). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 represent unique (Z)-phenylbutenoids, 3-6 are megastigmane glycosides, and 7 is identified as a rare bilobanone glycoside (Fig. 1). This study marks the first reported isolation of phenylbutenoid and bilobanone glycoside from G. biloba. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI-MS and various 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of these molecules were determined using Mosher's method, ECD experiments, and Cu-Kα X-ray crystallographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Li Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi-Ke Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Miao Z, Chai R, Chen W. Development of Chinese herbal medicine for sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:455-467. [PMID: 38322328 PMCID: PMC10840432 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization's world report on hearing, nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide will suffer from hearing loss by 2050, which may contribute to a severe impact on individual life quality and national economies. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs commonly as a result of noise exposure, aging, and ototoxic drugs, and is pathologically characterized by the impairment of mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear, which is mainly triggered by reactive oxygen species accumulation, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Though recent advances have been made in understanding the ability of cochlear repair and regeneration, there are still no effective therapeutic drugs for SNHL. Chinese herbal medicine which is widely distributed and easily accessible in China has demonstrated a unique curative effect against SNHL with higher safety and lower cost compared with Western medicine. Herein we present trends in research for Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of SNHL, and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action, to pave the way for further research and development of novel effective drugs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenyong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Naraki K, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Ajiboye BO, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of ellagic acid on the metabolic syndrome: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21844. [PMID: 38027887 PMCID: PMC10661066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that includes hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Ellagic acid is found in various fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to have several pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic. Our current study aims to shed light on the probable efficiency of ellagic acid in managing metabolic syndrome and its complications. Materials and methods To prepare the present review, the databases or search engines utilized included Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and relevant articles have been gathered with no time limit until March 2023. Results Several investigations indicated that ellagic acid could be a potent compound for the treatment of many disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia by various mechanisms, including increasing insulin secretion, insulin receptor substrate protein 1 expression, regulating glucose transporter 4, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), attenuating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress in related tissues. Furthermore, ellagic acid ameliorates mitochondrial function, upregulates uncoupling protein 1 (found in brown and white adipose tissues), and regulates blood levels of nitrate/nitrite and vascular relaxations in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion Ellagic acid can treat or manage metabolic syndrome and associated complications, according to earlier studies. To validate the beneficial effects of ellagic acid on metabolic syndrome, additional preclinical and clinical research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Li GF, Liu M, Zhang YZ, Wang YT, Su L, Liu RR. Early treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo secondary to sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35480. [PMID: 37800834 PMCID: PMC10553184 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) accompanied by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is relatively common in the clinic. There are unified standards for the treatment of primary BPPV with good reduction effect, while there are few studies on the treatment of BPPV secondary to SSNHL within 1 week of onset. The study was to investigate the treatment of BPPV secondary to SSNHL and compare its manual reduction with that of primary BPPV. We selected 90 patients with BPPV accompanied by SSNHL within a week of onset and 210 primary BPPV patients at Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital from June 2020 to December 2022. The former group was divided into the medicine group and manual reduction plus medicine group. The medicines used were extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves injection, betahistine hydrochloride injection and oral prednisone. We contrasted the efficacy respectively for posterior semicircular canal BPPV (psc-BPPV), horizontal semicircular canal BPPV (hsc-BPPV) and multiple semicircular canal BPPV (msc-BPPV). In addition, we compared the manual reduction effect for primary BPPV and manual reduction group, and the evaluation of efficacy are the intensity of nystagmus and the clinical symptoms. In the secondary BPPV group, there was no difference in efficacy between the medicine group and manual reduction group at the 7th-day after reduction for psc-BPPV, hsc-BPPV, and msc-BPPV (P > .05). The immediate effect of reduction was significantly different between the primary BPPV group and the group with SSNHL and BPPV for both psc-BPPV and hsc-BPPV (P < .05), and the effect of the primary BPPV group was better, but it was no difference for msc-BPPV (P > .05). For the treatment of BPPV accompanied by SSNHL within 1 week of onset, the additional reduction therapy showed no benefit, so we need to apply medication for SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Fang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Institute, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Institute, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Institute, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Tang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Institute, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Lan Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Institute, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Ran Ran Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Institute, Xingtai, Hebei, China
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12
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Ansari MA, Shoaib S, Alomary MN, Ather H, Ansari SMA, Hani U, Jamous YF, Alyahya SA, Alharbi JN, Imran MA, Wahab S, Ahmad W, Islam N. Deciphering the emerging role of phytocompounds: Implications in the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis and ATDs-induced hepatic damage. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1443-1459. [PMID: 37523915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty, discrimination, and socioeconomic burden. Epidemiological studies suggest that the mortality and incidence of tuberculosis are unacceptably higher worldwide. Genomic mutations in embCAB, embR, katG, inhA, ahpC, rpoB, pncA, rrs, rpsL, gyrA, gyrB, and ethR contribute to drug resistance reducing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to many antibiotics. Additionally, treating tuberculosis with antibiotics also poses a serious risk of hepatotoxicity in the patient's body. Emerging data on drug-induced liver injury showed that anti-tuberculosis drugs remarkably altered levels of hepatotoxicity biomarkers. The review is an attempt to explore the anti-mycobacterial potential of selected, commonly available, and well-known phytocompounds and extracts of medicinal plants against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Many studies have demonstrated that phytocompounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds have antibacterial action against Mycobacterium species, inhibiting the bacteria's growth and replication, and sometimes, causing cell death. Phytocompounds act by disrupting bacterial cell walls and membranes, reducing enzyme activity, and interfering with essential metabolic processes. The combination of these processes reduces the overall survivability of the bacteria. Moreover, several phytochemicals have synergistic effects with antibiotics routinely used to treat TB, improving their efficacy and decreasing the risk of resistance development. Interestingly, phytocompounds have been presented to reduce isoniazid- and ethambutol-induced hepatotoxicity by reversing serum levels of AST, ALP, ALT, bilirubin, MDA, urea, creatinine, and albumin to their normal range, leading to attenuation of inflammation and hepatic necrosis. As a result, phytochemicals represent a promising field of research for the development of new TB medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shoaib Shoaib
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissana Ather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya F Jamous
- Vaccine and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela Naif Alharbi
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Republic of Korea
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
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13
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Biernacka P, Felisiak K, Adamska I, Śnieg M, Podsiadło C. Effect of Brewing Conditions on Antioxidant Properties of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Infusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1455. [PMID: 37507994 PMCID: PMC10376522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing awareness of the importance of healthy eating in society, there is an increasing interest in the use of herbs and low-processed, natural products. Ginkgo biloba is a raw material with a high pro-health potential, which is related to the high content of antioxidant compounds. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba leaf infusions and the weighted amount of leaves and brewing time. In addition, a sensory analysis of the infusions obtained was carried out. The innovation is to determine the migration of micro- and macroelements to the infusion prepared from Ginkgo biloba depending on the leaves' weight used and the brewing time. The research showed the dependence of the antioxidant activity of the infusions and the migration of microelements on the size of the dried material and the brewing time. In the publication, the main factors influencing the quality of infusions were analysed, their mutual correlations were determined, and combinations showing the highest antioxidant activity and, at the same time, the highest sensory acceptability were selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Biernacka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Felisiak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Śnieg
- Department of Agroengineering, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- Department of Agroengineering, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
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14
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Wang H, Chen L, Yang B, Du J, Chen L, Li Y, Guo F. Structures, Sources, Identification/Quantification Methods, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Products of Isorhamnetin Glycosides as Phytonutrients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081947. [PMID: 37111165 PMCID: PMC10143801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, people have tended to consume phytonutrients and nutrients in their daily diets. Isorhamnetin glycosides (IGs) are an essential class of flavonoids derived from dietary and medicinal plants such as Opuntia ficus-indica, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Ginkgo biloba. This review summarizes the structures, sources, quantitative and qualitative analysis technologies, health benefits, bioaccessibility, and marketed products of IGs. Routine and innovative assay methods, such as IR, TLC, NMR, UV, MS, HPLC, UPLC, and HSCCC, have been widely used for the characterization and quantification of IGs. All of the therapeutic effects of IGs discovered to date are collected and discussed in this study, with an emphasis on the relevant mechanisms of their health-promoting effects. IGs exhibit diverse biological activities against cancer, diabetes, hepatic diseases, obesity, and thrombosis. They exert therapeutic effects through multiple networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Owing to these benefits, IGs could be utilized to make foods and functional foods. IGs exhibit higher bioaccessibility and plasma concentrations and longer average residence time in blood than aglycones. Overall, IGs as phytonutrients are very promising and have excellent application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Binrui Yang
- Nutrition Science, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrition Science, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrition Science, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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15
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang R, Li R, Lian X, Yang Y, Yan J, Yin Z, Wang G, Sun J, Peng Y. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in rats with hyperlipidaemia. Food Funct 2023; 14:3051-3066. [PMID: 36916480 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is a common dietary supplement used by people with dyslipidaemia worldwide to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Many studies have found that GBE itself has a variety of pharmacological activities. However, the role of GBE as an adjunct to conventional therapy with chemical drugs remains controversial. Therefore, this study explored the additional benefits of GBE in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia with statins in terms of both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. A hyperlipidaemia model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet for a long time. The animals were treated with atorvastatin only, GBE only, or a combination of atorvastatin and GBE. The results showed that statins combined with GBE could significantly improve the blood lipid parameters, reduce the liver fat content, and reduce the size of adipocytes in abdominal fat. The effect was superior to statin therapy alone. In addition, the combination has shown additional liver protection against possible pathological liver injury or statin-induced liver injury. A lipidomic study showed that GBE could regulate the abnormal lipid metabolism of the liver in hyperlipemia. When statins are combined with GBE, this callback effect introduced by GBE on endogenous metabolism has important implications for resistance to disease progression and statin resistance. Finally, in the presence of GBE, there was a significant increase in plasma statin exposure. These results all confirmed that GBE has incremental benefits as a dietary supplement of statin therapy for dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zihou Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Run Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Xiaoru Lian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Yanquan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jiao Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
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16
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Patel C, Pande S, Sagathia V, Ranch K, Beladiya J, Boddu SHS, Jacob S, Al-Tabakha MM, Hassan N, Shahwan M. Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:837. [PMID: 36986699 PMCID: PMC10052766 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration is considered an early event in the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. At present, there is no definitive treatment to prevent the progression or reversal of vision loss caused by photoreceptor degeneration and the death of retinal ganglion cells. Neuroprotective approaches are being developed to increase the life expectancy of neurons by maintaining their shape/function and thus prevent the loss of vision and blindness. A successful neuroprotective approach could prolong patients' vision functioning and quality of life. Conventional pharmaceutical technologies have been investigated for delivering ocular medications; however, the distinctive structural characteristics of the eye and the physiological ocular barriers restrict the efficient delivery of drugs. Recent developments in bio-adhesive in situ gelling systems and nanotechnology-based targeted/sustained drug delivery systems are receiving a lot of attention. This review summarizes the putative mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and mode of administration of neuroprotective drugs used to treat ocular disorders. Additionally, this review focuses on cutting-edge nanocarriers that demonstrated promising results in treating ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Sonal Pande
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Vrunda Sagathia
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Ketan Ranch
- Department of Pharmaceutics, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Jayesh Beladiya
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moawia M. Al-Tabakha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Centner AM, Khalili L, Ukhanov V, Kadyan S, Nagpal R, Salazar G. The Role of Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Mouse Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051212. [PMID: 36904211 PMCID: PMC10005405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome alterations have recently been linked to many chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is an interplay between diet and the resident gut microbiome, where the food eaten affects populations of certain microbes. This is important, as different microbes are associated with various pathologies, as they can produce compounds that are disease-promoting or disease-protecting. The Western diet negatively affects the host gut microbiome, ultimately resulting in heightened arterial inflammation and cell phenotype changes as well as plaque accumulation in the arteries. Nutritional interventions including whole foods rich in fiber and phytochemicals as well as isolated compounds including polyphenols and traditional medicinal plants show promise in positively influencing the host gut microbiome to alleviate atherosclerosis. This review investigates the efficacy of a vast array of foods and phytochemicals on host gut microbes and atherosclerotic burden in mice. Reduction in plaque by interventions was associated with increases in bacterial diversity, reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and upregulation of Akkermansia. Upregulation in CYP7 isoform in the liver, ABC transporters, bile acid excretion, and the level of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were also noted in several studies reducing plaque. These changes were also associated with attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, an increase in the abundance of Akkermansia with diets rich in polyphenols, fiber, and grains is likely to reduce plaque burden in patients suffering from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Centner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Leila Khalili
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Vladimir Ukhanov
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li B, Shi J, Xu J, Yuan M. Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Expanding the Therapeutic Approaches by Plant-Derived Natural Products. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:277. [PMID: 37259422 PMCID: PMC9961467 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary source of energy production in neurons, supporting the high energy consumption of the nervous system. Inefficient and dysfunctional mitochondria in the central nervous system have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting mitochondria offers a new therapeutic opportunity for neurodegenerative diseases. Many recent studies have proposed that plant-derived natural products, as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable sources of new drugs, potentially treat neurodegenerative diseases by targeting mitochondria. In this review, we summarize recent advances in targeting mitochondria in neurotherapeutics by employing plant-derived natural products. We discuss the mechanism of plant-derived natural products according to their mechanism of action on mitochondria in terms of regulating biogenesis, fusion, fission, bioenergetics, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, membrane potential, and mitochondrial DNA stability, as well as repairing damaged mitochondria. In addition, we discuss the potential perspectives and challenges in developing plant-derived natural products to target mitochondria, highlighting the clinical value of phytochemicals as feasible candidates for future neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Longqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Elshazly EH, Nasr A, Elnosary ME, Gouda GA, Mohamed H, Song Y. Identifying the Anti-MERS-CoV and Anti-HcoV-229E Potential Drugs from the Ginkgo biloba Leaves Extract and Its Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031375. [PMID: 36771041 PMCID: PMC9919260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the antiviral activities of Ginkgo biloba (GB) leaves extract and eco-friendly free silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) against the MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) and HCoV-229E (human coronavirus 229E), as well as isolation and identification of phytochemicals from GB. Different solvents and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to extract and identify flavonoids and phenolic compounds from GB leaves. The green, silver nanoparticle synthesis was synthesized from GB leaves aqueous extract and investigated for their possible effects as anti-coronaviruses MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E using MTT assay protocol. To verify the synthesis of Ag NPs, several techniques were employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan, transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The highest contents of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were recorded for acetone, methanol, and ethanol as mixtures with water, in addition to pure water. HPLC flavonoids were detected as apegenin, luteolin, myricetin, and catechin, while HPLC phenolic compounds were pyrogallol, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. In addition, our results revealed that Ag NPs were produced through the shift from yellow to dark brown. TEM examination of Ag NPs revealed spherical nanoparticles with mean sizes ranging from 5.46 to 19.40 nm and an average particle diameter of 11.81 nm. A UV-visible spectrophotometric investigation revealed an absorption peak at λ max of 441.56 nm. MTT protocol signified the use of GB leaves extract as an anti-coronavirus to be best from Ag NPs because GB extract had moderate anti-MERS-CoV with SI = 8.94, while had promising anti-HCov-229E, with an SI of 21.71. On the other hand, Ag NPs had a mild anti-MERS-CoV with SI = 4.23, and a moderate anti-HCoV-229E, with an SI of 7.51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat H. Elshazly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Nasr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Elnosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.); (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
| | - Gamal A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.); (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.); (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
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20
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Babinets LS, Sabat ZI, Salamadze OO, Onufryk ZY. Comparative Analysis of Complex Programs of Renewal Treatment of Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. ACTA BALNEOLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.36740/abal202301106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamics of heart rate variability parameters in CP patients with autonomic dysfunction under the influence of the proposed complex treatment programs with the additional inclusion of the vegetative stabilizing agent memoplant and a combination of complex bioregulatory drugs.
Materials and Methods: Statistical and spectral parameters of heart rate variability were analyzed in 69 patients with CP before and after outpatient treatment. Patients were divided into 3 groups of 23 patients with CP: group 1 – received conventional treatment (CT) according to the clinical diagnosis and the protocol proposed by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Order No. 638 of 10.09.2014); group 2 – CT enhanced with a course of the vegetative-stabilizing drug ginkgo biloba (memoplant); 3 group – CT with a course of memoplant and complex bioregulatory therapy (BRT): momordica compositum, traumeel S and neurexan according to the proposed scheme.
Results: In group 1, the stress index (SI) decreased by 18.49%, p<0.05, vegetative reactivity (VR) increased by 21.31%, p<0.05, IARS decreased by 25.79%, p<0.01. In group 2, a more significant decrease in sympathicotonia was observed: SI decreased by 38.17% (p<0.01), mode amplitude (АМо) by 14.57% (p<0.05), the range of variation (X) increased by 12.78% (p<0.05); IARS decreased by 44.55 % (p<0.01) to moderate tension. There was an increase in the total spectrum power (TP) (by 29.21%, p<0.01) and components: LF increased by 37.03% (p<0.01) relative to the initial level, HF by 64.01% (p<0.01), VLF by 8.75% (p<0.05). In patients of group 3, normalization of SI and АМо was observed (indicators decreased by 48.42% and 19.98%, p<0.01), X increased by 17.35%, p<0.01; The VR level did not differ significantly from the control (1.16±0.06 and 1.25±0.10, respectively). IARS decreased by 56.18% (p<0.01); TP increased by 49.61% (p<0.01), LF by 76.78% (p<0.01), HF by 117.67% (p<0.01), VLF by 8.41% (p<0.05).
Conclusions: In patients with CP, a higher efficiency of treatment programs with the inclusion of ginkgo biloba and complex bioregulatory therapy on the state of autonomic regulation was established compared to the generally accepted program in terms of spectral and statistical parameters of heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoriana I. Sabat
- Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Olha O. Salamadze
- Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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21
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Liu D, Hu Y, Wang D, Han H, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhou Z, Ma X, Dong Y. Herbal medicines in the treatment of tinnitus: An updated review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1037528. [PMID: 36686691 PMCID: PMC9847569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is perception of sound in the absence of an apparent external acoustic stimulus. The condition is prevalent in adults, especially the elderly (≥65 years), and may be associated with cognitive function decline and significantly impacts on the quality of life, heralding difficulties in managing this challenging disorder. Interventions for tinnitus have been varied. However, drugs have not yet been approved for the treatment of tinnitus and there is no pharmacotherapy recommended by existing guidelines. Still, herbal medicines are used for the treatment of tinnitus in many countries, especially Gingko (G.) biloba. In the current updated literature review, we evaluated the efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment of tinnitus by reviewing the evidence of relevant randomized controlled trials. The authors also highlight some of the issues in clinical trials of herbal medicines given that currently available evidence on herbal medicines for tinnitus is overall of insufficient quality and the conclusions from existing trials are conflicting. Nevertheless, there is a clear and urgent need for safe and effective pharmacotherapy of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiulan Ma
- *Correspondence: Yaodong Dong, ; Xiulan Ma,
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22
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Wiklund L, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Zhang Z, Li C, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Feng L, Sharma HS. TiO 2-Nanowired Delivery of Chinese Extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and Bilobalide BN-52021 Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Cerebrolysin Following Spinal Cord Injury at Cold Environment. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:353-384. [PMID: 37480466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel during combat or peacekeeping operations are exposed to extreme climates of hot or cold environments for longer durations. Spinal cord injury is quite common in military personnel following central nervous system (CNS) trauma indicating a possibility of altered pathophysiological responses at different ambient temperatures. Our previous studies show that the pathophysiology of brain injury is exacerbated in animals acclimated to cold (5 °C) or hot (30 °C) environments. In these diverse ambient temperature zones, trauma exacerbated oxidative stress generation inducing greater blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cell damage. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and BN-52021 treatment reduces brain pathology following heat stress. This effect is further improved following TiO2 nanowired delivery in heat stress in animal models. Several studies indicate the role of EGb-761 in attenuating spinal cord induced neuronal damages and improved functional deficit. This is quite likely that these effects are further improved following nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and peptide fragments in spinal cord trauma. In this review, TiO2 nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with nanowired cerebrolysin is examined in a rat model of spinal cord injury at cold environment. Our results show that spinal cord injury aggravates cord pathology in cold-acclimated rats and nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin significantly induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiklund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Yuexiu District, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Yuexiu District, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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23
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Tan W, Qi L, Hu X, Tan Z. Research progress in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921794. [PMID: 36506569 PMCID: PMC9729772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the world's leading cause of dementia and has become a huge economic burden on nations and families. However, the exact etiology of AD is still unknown, and there are no efficient medicines or methods to prevent the deterioration of cognition. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made important contributions in the battle against AD based on the characteristics of multiple targets of TCM. This study reviewed the treatment strategies and new discoveries of traditional Chinese medicine in current research, which may be beneficial to new drug researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjun Qi
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Zhenghuai Tan,
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24
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Wang C, Wei PW, Song CR, Wang X, Zhu GF, Yang YX, Xu GB, Hu ZQ, Tang L, Liu HM, Wang B. Evaluation of the antimicrobial function of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract against clinical bacteria and its effect on Staphylococcus haemolyticus by disrupting biofilms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115602. [PMID: 36030030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgo nuts) has been used for a long time as a critical Chinese medicine material to treat cough and asthma, as well as a disinfectant. Similar records were written in the Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu, pinyin in Chinese) and Sheng Nong's herbal classic (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, pinyin in Chinese). Recent research has shown that Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract (GBEE) has the functions of unblocking blood vessels and improving brain function, as well as antitumour activity and antibacterial activity. GBEE was shown to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm formation as a traditional Chinese herb in our previous report in this journal. AIM OF THE STUD: yThe antibiotic resistance of clinical bacteria has recently become increasingly serious. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the Ginkgo biloba exocarp extract (GBEE) antibacterial lineage, as well as its effect and mechanism on S. haemolyticus biofilms. This study will provide a new perspective on clinical multidrug resistant (MDR) treatment with ethnopharmacology herbs. METHODS The microbroth dilution assay was carried out to measure the antibacterial effect of GBEE on 13 types of clinical bacteria. Bacterial growth curves with or without GBEE treatment were drawn at different time points. The potential targets of GBEE against S. haemolyticus were screened by transcriptome sequencing. The effects of GBEE on bacterial biofilm formation and mature biofilm disruption were determined by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. The metabolic activity of bacteria inside the biofilm was assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2HY-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the gene expression profile of GBEE on S. haemolyticus biofilm-related factors. RESULTS The results showed that GBEE has bacteriostatic effects on 3 g-positive (G+) and 2 g-negative (G-) bacteria among 13 species of clinical bacteria. The antibacterial effect of GBEE supernatant liquid was stronger than the antibacterial effect of GBEE supernviaould-like liquid. GBEE supernatant liquid inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and E. faecium at shallow concentrations with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Genes involved in quorum sensing, two-component systems, folate biosynthesis, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were differentially expressed in GBEE-treated groups compared with controls. Crystal violet, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT assays showed that GBEE suppressed S. haemolyticus biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GBEE supernatant liquid downregulated cidA, cidB and atl, which are involved in cell lysis and extracellular DNA (eDNA) release, as well as downregulated the cbp, ebp and fbp participation in encoding cell-surface binding proteins. CONCLUSIONS GBEE has an excellent antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria and also inhibits the growth of gram-negative bacteria, such as A. baumannii (carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii) CRABA and S. maltophilia. GBEE inhibits the biofilm formation of S. haemolyticus by altering the regulation and biofilm material-related genes, including the release of eDNA and cell-surface binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng-Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao-Rong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong-Xin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zu-Quan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R & D, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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25
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Faskhutdinova E, Sukhikh A, Le V, Minina V, Khelef MEA, Loseva A. Effects of bioactive substances isolated from Siberian medicinal plants on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are sources of natural antioxidants. Acting as reducing agents, these substances protect the human body against oxidative stress and slow down the aging process. We aimed to study the effects of bioactive substances isolated from medicinal plants on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans L. used as a model organism.
High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to isolate bioactive substances from the extracts of callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L.), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.), Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis L.), red clover (Trifolium pretense L.), alfalfa (Medicágo sativa L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Their effect on the lifespan of C. elegans nematodes was determined by counting live nematodes treated with their concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L after 61 days of the experiment. The results were recorded using IR spectrometry.
The isolated bioactive substances were at least 95% pure. We found that the studied concentrations of trans-cinnamic acid, baicalin, rutin, ursolic acid, and magniferin did not significantly increase the lifespan of the nematodes. Naringenin increased their lifespan by an average of 27.3% during days 8–26. Chlorogenic acid at a concentration of 100 µmol/L increased the lifespan of C. elegans by 27.7%. Ginkgo-based kaempferol and quercetin, as well as red clover-based biochanin A at the concentrations of 200, 10, and 100 µmol/L, respectively, increased the lifespan of the nematodes by 30.6, 41.9, and 45.2%, respectively.
The bioactive substances produced from callus, root, and suspension cultures of the above medicinal plants had a positive effect on the lifespan of C. elegans nematodes. This confirms their geroprotective properties and allows them to be used as anti-aging agents.
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Liaqat H, Parveen A, Kim SY. Neuroprotective Natural Products’ Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut–Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163270. [PMID: 36014776 PMCID: PMC9413544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
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27
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Yu Z, Hu X, Zhou L, Chen H, Xing Y, Han C, Ding H, Han L, Pan G, Fu Z. Studies on Chemical Characterization of Ginkgo Amillaria Oral Solution and Its Drug–Drug Interaction With Piceatannol 3′-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside for Injection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932646. [PMID: 35928280 PMCID: PMC9344054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo Amillaria oral solution (GAO) is commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Piceatannol-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside for injection (PGI) is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. With the spread of cerebrovascular disease, the possibility of combining the two drugs has increased; however, there is no research on the drug–drug interaction (DDI) between these two medicines. In this paper, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole–orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS) method was established to characterize the chemical constituents of GAO first; 62 compounds were identified or tentatively identified based on their retention time (RT), MS, and MS/MS data. Nine main compounds were determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS). Furthermore, incubation with liver microsomes in vitro was fulfilled; the results showed that GAO had a significant inhibitory effect on UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 (p < 0.05), and PGI was mainly metabolized by UGT1A9. The identification results of in vivo metabolites of PGI showed that PGI mainly undergoes a phase II binding reaction mediated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) in vivo. Therefore, pharmacokinetic studies were performed to investigate the DDI between GAO and PGI. The results showed that the AUC (p < 0.05) and T1/2 (p < 0.05) of PGI in vivo were significantly increased when administered together with GAO, whereas the CL was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The exploration of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that there was a DDI between GAO and PGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Guixiang Pan, ; Zhifei Fu,
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Guixiang Pan, ; Zhifei Fu,
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28
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Mousavi SN, Hosseinikia M, Yousefi Rad E, Saboori S. Beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3459-3469. [PMID: 35781715 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba on cardio-metabolic markers have been reported. However, its effect on inflammation is not assessed in any meta-analysis. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. A systematic search was performed on four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, up to October 2021. After screening, 17 trials met our inclusion criteria. Trials were of 1-24 weeks of duration and included 1,104 participants. In the meta-analysis, the weighted mean differences (WMD) in change for serum CRP were -1.5 mg/L (95% CI: -2.16, -0.85, p < 0.001). Moreover, WMD for serum IL-6 and TNF-α were in favor of the GBLE compared to the placebo [(-16.86 pg/mL, 95% CI: -19.38, -14.34, p < 0.001); and (-4.19 pg/mL, 95%CI: -5.14, -3.23, p < 0.001), respectively]. Subgroup analysis showed that GBLE has a beneficial effect on serum CRP at the baseline levels≥3 mg/L and doses<500 mg/day. This meta-analysis showed that the GBLE could reduce serum inflammatory markers. Therefore, this medicinal herb might be a possible strategy for inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahboobe Hosseinikia
- Department of Nutrition and food Technology, Faculty of nutrition and Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yousefi Rad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Saboori
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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29
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Observation on the Efficacy of Ginkgo Ketone Ester Drop Pill in Improving Hypertension Combined with Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:8650537. [PMID: 35811610 PMCID: PMC9262540 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8650537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To observe and analyze the efficacy of Ginkgo ketone ester drop pill intervention in patients with hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods. The subjects were 300 patients with hypertension complicated with carotid atherosclerotic plaque treated in our hospital from January 2019 to September 2021. The grouping was done by the random number table method and 300 patients were divided equally into 2 groups. One group was treated with Western medicine alone (clopidogrel sulfate tablets, phenyl amlodipine tablets, irbesartan tablets, and resorvastatin) as the Western medicine group (WM group, n = 150), and one group was added to this intervention with Ginkgo ketone ester drop pill as the Chinese medicine group (CM group, n = 150). The observation indexes were the improvement of blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC)), vascular endothelial function (nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), plaque (intimal medial thickness (IMT) of carotid artery and plaque area), and efficacy after intervention and adverse effects during intervention in both groups. Results. After intervention, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels were lower and HDL-C levels were higher in both groups than before intervention in the same group, and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group (
). After intervention, NO levels were higher and ET-1 levels were lower in both groups than before the intervention in the same group, and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group (
). After intervention, CRP and IL-6 levels were lower in both groups than before intervention in the same group, and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group (
). After intervention, IMT and plaque area were lower in both groups than before intervention in the same group and both CM groups improved significantly compared with the WM group (
). The total effective number of the CM group was better than the WM group (
), and there was no significant difference in the adverse reactions number in both groups (
). Conclusions. The treatment of hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerotic plaque with Ginkgo ketone ester drop pill helps to improve the blood pressure, blood lipid, and vascular endothelial function of patients and helps to inhibit the inflammation level and atherosclerotic plaque of patients, with significant efficacy and no significant adverse effects in patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Vafaeipour Z, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent (curcumin) on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:193-203. [PMID: 35292209 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves people with the following risk factors: obesity, hypertension, high glucose level and hyperlipidemia. It can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the world's adult population is about 20%-25%. Today, there is much care to use medicinal plants. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as well as curcumin which is derived from the rhizome of the plant, has been shown beneficial effects on different components of MS. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript was to introduce different in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effect of turmeric and its constituent on MS. Moreover, different mechanisms of action by which this plant overcomes MS have been introduced. Based on studies, turmeric and its bioactive component, curcumin, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have antidiabetic effects through increasing insulin release, antihyperlipidemic effects by increasing fatty acid uptake, anti-obesity effects by decreasing lipogenesis, and antihypertensive effects by increasing nitric oxide. According to several in vivo, in vitro and human studies, it can be concluded that turmeric or curcumin has important values as a complementary therapy in MS. However, more clinical trials should be done to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vafaeipour
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran.
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Zhao WY, Sun CP, Chang YB, Wang WY, Yan JK, Lv X, Wang C, Ma XC. Unprecedented diterpenoid dimers with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory effect from Euphorbia fischeriana. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2508-2517. [PMID: 35266497 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biseuphoids A (1) and B (2), two unprecedented ent-abietane-type diterpenoid dimers linked by monomeric blocks through C-17-C-12' and C-17-C-11', respectively, were isolated from Euphorbia fischeriana, along with their biogenesis related diterpenoid monomers, 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B (3), caudicifolin (4), and fischeriabietane C (5). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopy assisted by quantum chemical NMR and ECD calculations. The unusual dimeric skeletons are possibly derived from the adduct of diterpenoid monomers through Michael-like reactions. The novel dimers 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activities on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) with IC50 values of 8.17 and 5.61 μM, respectively. Molecular dynamics studies illustrated that both 1 and 2 can occupy the catalytic pocket of sEH by forming stable hydrogen bonds with the key amino acid residues including Gln384, Asn378, Pro361, Ala365, Asn366, and Asn472.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yi-Bo Chang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China.
| | - Wei-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Kun Yan
- Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lv
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China.
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Ginkgo biloba: A Treasure of Functional Phytochemicals with Multimedicinal Applications. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8288818. [PMID: 35265150 PMCID: PMC8901348 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8288818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is an ancient plant species that is thought to provide a variety of health benefits to living organisms and contains plenty of bioactive components, making it a chemically diversified plant. G. biloba has been shown to have a variety of medicinal and pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antidementia, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antilipidemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antilipid peroxidation, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidepressant, antiaging, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective effects and is frequently used to treat neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases, such as tardive dyskinesia. Therefore, this review described the therapeutic applications of G. biloba. In addition to describing the therapeutic potential, this review also evaluates the chemical constituents, toxicity, adverse effect, synergistic effect, and the clinical studies of this plant which have been utilized for therapeutic benefits but have demonstrated other consequences. The capacity of G. biloba components to act as free radical scavengers is critical, and combining its extract with other plant extracts has been shown to synergistically boost antioxidant properties. G. biloba used long-term or at high doses that resulted in some adverse effects. Severe drug interactions have also been reported in both animals and humans when combined with other medications. The available data established from both preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential of G. biloba plant extract in various diseases. Besides, the safety and efficacy of G. biloba continue to require verification through additional experimentation to guide medicinal use.
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Barbalho SM, Direito R, Laurindo LF, Marton LT, Guiguer EL, Goulart RDA, Tofano RJ, Carvalho ACA, Flato UAP, Capelluppi Tofano VA, Detregiachi CRP, Bueno PCS, Girio RSJ, Araújo AC. Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030525. [PMID: 35326176 PMCID: PMC8944638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, insulin resistance, cancer, and other degenerative processes commonly appear with aging. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is associated with several health benefits, including memory and cognitive improvement, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancer. Its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions have effects on cognition and other conditions associated with aging-related processes, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of the effects of GB in some age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, CVD, and cancer. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were applied. Fourteen clinical trials were selected; the studies showed that GB can improve memory, cognition, memory scores, psychopathology, and the quality of life of patients. Moreover, it can improve cerebral blood flow supply, executive function, attention/concentration, non-verbal memory, and mood, and decrease stress, fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, body mass index, waist circumference, biomarkers of oxidative stress, the stability and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and inflammation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the use of GB can provide benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-14-99655-3190
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Ledyane Taynara Marton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Antonely C. A. Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Uri Adrian Prync Flato
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Patrícia C. Santos Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Raul S. J. Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
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Najafi N, Mehri S, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of alpha lipoic acid on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2300-2323. [PMID: 35234312 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) possesses various pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypotensive, and hypolipidemia actions. It exhibits reactive oxygen species scavenger properties against oxidation and age-related inflammation and refines MetS components. Also, α-LA activates the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibits the NFκb. It can decrease cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and vascular stiffness. α-LA decreases lipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, α-LA increases insulin secretion, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. These changes occur via PI3K/Akt activation. On the other hand, α-LA treats central obesity by increasing adiponectin levels and mitochondrial biogenesis and can reduce food intake mainly by SIRT1 stimulation. In this review, the most relevant articles have been discussed to determine the effects of α-LA on different components of MetS with a special focus on different molecular mechanisms behind these effects. This review exhibits the potential properties of α-LA in managing MetS; however, high-quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of α-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Najafi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus Alleviating Acquired Hyperlipidemia Induced by High-Fat Diet through Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050954. [PMID: 35267929 PMCID: PMC8912611 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a food and medicinal homologous plant. The current research is aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and mechanisms of AM in treating acquired hyperlipidemia. The network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis results showed 481 AM-related targets and 474 acquired hyperlipidemia-associated targets, and 101 candidate targets were obtained through the intersection, mainly enriched in endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications and p53 signaling pathways. Quercetin, kaempferol, calycosin, formononetin and isorhamnetin were determined as the candidate active components of AM in the treatment of acquired hyperlipidemia. Moreover, key targets of AM, namely, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), were screened out, which were closely related to adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. The subsequent animal experiments showed that AM extract treatment improved the lipid profiles of the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by reducing lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis and lipid β-oxidation, which were associated with the downregulating of AKT1 and CCND1, and the upregulating of VEGFA and ESR1 in liver and adipose tissue. Overall, AM alleviated acquired hyperlipidemia through regulating lipid metabolism, and AKT1, VEGFA, CCND1 and ESR1 might be the key targets.
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Si X, Yu Z, Ren X, Huang L, Feng Y. Efficacy and safety of standardized Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract as an adjuvant therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114587. [PMID: 34474140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginkgo biloba L. has been used for medical purposes in China for centuries. Standardized Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract (GBE) is a widely used botanical drug which displays a variety of pharmacological effects against sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the efficacy and safety of GBE as an adjuvant therapy, administered with corticosteroids, for the initial management of patients with SSNHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched seven databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing GBE plus corticosteroids with corticosteroids alone for SSNHL treatment. Data analysis was carried out by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software. The study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. We subsequently evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs involving 1069 patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated that the clinical cure rate (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.58, P = 0.001) and total effective rate (RR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.17 to 1.31, P < 0.001) in SSNHL patients receiving GBE plus corticosteroids was superior to patients receiving corticosteroids alone. After treatment, pure tone average (PTA) improvement of observation group was better than that in the control group (WMD = 10.33, 95%CI = 6.46 to 14.21, P < 0.001). The levels of whole blood high shear viscosity (WMD = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.28 to 1.59, P = 0.005), whole blood medium shear viscosity (WMD = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.11 to 0.95, P = 0.01), whole blood low shear viscosity (WMD = 1.26, 95%CI = 0.80 to 1.72, P < 0.001), plasma viscosity (WMD = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.09 to 0.30, P < 0.001) and fibrinogen (WMD = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.25 to 1.35, P = 0.004) were lower than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in the change of hematokrit between two groups (WMD = 4.23, 95%CI = -0.54 to 8.99, P = 0.08). GBE was generally well tolerated, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (RR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.57 to 1.79, P = 0.97). CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggested that GBE might be effective and promising as an adjuvant to corticosteroids in the initial treatment of moderate to profound SSNHL. However, the GRADE assessment indicated that the overall strength of evidence was not high. Further studies with high methodological quality and low risk of bias are needed to confirm the positive results. PROSPERO registration No. CRD 42020190113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Si
- Department of pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
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da Silva LC, Viganó J, de Souza Mesquita LM, Dias ALB, de Souza MC, Sanches VL, Chaves JO, Pizani RS, Contieri LS, Rostagno MA. Recent advances and trends in extraction techniques to recover polyphenols compounds from apple by-products. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2021; 12:100133. [PMID: 34632369 PMCID: PMC8493574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apple by-products are a source of phenolic compounds associated with bioactivities. Apple processing industries generate by-products that could be better used. This work provides an up-to-date literature overview on extraction techniques. Gaps and future trends related to apple by-products are critically presented.
Apple is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide and has recognized nutritional properties. Besides being consumed fresh, it is the raw material for several food products, whose production chain generates a considerable amount of by-products that currently have an underestimated use. These by-products are a rich source of chemical compounds with several potential applications. Therefore, new ambitious platforms focused on reusing are needed, targeting a process chain that achieves well-defined products and mitigates waste generation. This review covers an essential part of the apple by-products reuse chain. The apple composition regarding phenolic compounds subclasses is addressed and related to biological activities. The extraction processes to recover apple biocompounds have been revised, and an up-to-date overview of the scientific literature on conventional and emerging extraction techniques adopted over the past decade is reported. Finally, gaps and future trends related to the management of apple by-products are critically presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise C da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur L Baião Dias
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana C de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Sanches
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaisa O Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Pizani
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Contieri
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
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Sirotkin AV. Potential effets of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, L.) on female reproduction. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100568. [PMID: 34656881 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This minireview will briefly outline the basic knowledge concerning the provenance, biological active constituents of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, L.) and its general health effects. Ginkgo has been shown to affect female reproductive functions: it can affect ovarian folliculo- and oogenesis, embryogenesis, promote ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, reduce their proliferation and the release of ovarian hormones. Usually, ginkgo extract mainly suppresses, but its constituents like amifostine, leuprorelin, quercetin and kaempherol can promote ovarian functions. This may indicate the existence of anti-reproductive ginkgo constituent(s), such as ginkgolide B and allopregnenolone which, like ginkgo extract, can promote ovarian cell apoptosis and suppress ovarian follicullogenesis and oogenesis. Ginkgo effects could be mediated by an action on brain functions, ovarian steroidogenesis, oxidative processes, intracellular regulators of ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis and GABA receptors. Ginkgo and its molecules, ginkgolide B and allopregnenolone can be useful for prevention and treatment of reproduction-related disorders like ovarian cancer, ovarian ischemia and menopausal syndrome. On the other hand, its constituents amifostine, leuprorelin, quercetin and kaempherol could be potentially applicable as biostimulators of female reproductive processes in human and veterinary medicine and animal production. Nevertheless, application of ginkgo is still limited by insufficient or contradictory knowledge concerning its active constituents, characters, targets and mediators of its action and their functional interrelationships. Impact of ginkgo action on reproductive organs other than ovaries remains largely unknown. Addressing these issues with proper animal and clinical studies could help to understand the distinct efficacy and consequences of medical application of ginkgo.
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Aminifard T, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The effects of ginseng on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5293-5311. [PMID: 34532035 PMCID: PMC8441279 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors including high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high body weight. It can increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, which are the important reasons for death around the world. Nowadays, there are numerous demands for herbal medicine because of less harmful effects and more useful effects in comparison with chemical options. Ginseng is one of the most famous herbs used as a drug for a variety of disorders in humans. The antihyperlipidemia, antihypertension, antihyperglycemic, and anti-obesity effects of ginseng and its active constituents such as ginsenosides have been shown in different studies. In this review article, the different in vitro, in vivo, and human studies concerning the effects of ginseng and its active constituents in metabolic syndrome have been summarized. According to these studies, ginseng can control metabolic syndrome and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Aminifard
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Lu J, Xie L, Liu K, Zhang X, Wang X, Dai X, Liang Y, Cao Y, Li X. Bilobalide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6114-6130. [PMID: 34342079 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bilobalide is a natural sesquiterpene trilactone from Ginkgo biloba leaves. It has good water solubility and is widely used in food and pharmaceutical fields. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of bilobalide has been conducted and demonstrated that bilobalide possessed an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as neuroprotective, antioxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-ischemic, and cardiovascular protective activities. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that bilobalide may have the characteristics of rapid absorption, good bioavailability, wide distribution, and slow elimination. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety studies of bilobalide in the last decade with an emphasis on its neuroprotective and antiinflammatory activities, to provide researchers with the latest information and point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang B, Wei PW, Wan S, Yao Y, Song CR, Song PP, Xu GB, Hu ZQ, Zeng Z, Wang C, Liu HM. Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts inhibit S. aureus and MRSA by disrupting biofilms and affecting gene expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113895. [PMID: 33524512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginkgo biloba L. fruit, also known as Bai Guo, Ya Jiao Zi (in pinyin Chinese), and ginkgo nut (in English), has been used for many years as an important material in Chinese traditional medicine to treat coughs and asthma and as a disinfectant, as described in the Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu, pinyin in Chinese), an old herbal book. Ginkgo nuts are used to treat phlegm-associated asthma, astringent gasp, frequent urination, gonorrhoea and turgidity; consumed raw to reduce phlegm and treat hangovers; and used as a disinfectant and insecticide. A similar record was also found in Sheng Nong's herbal classic (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, pinyin in Chinese). Recent research has shown that Ginkgo biloba L. exocarp extract (GBEE) can unblock blood vessels and improve brain function and exhibits antitumour and antibacterial activities. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba L. exocarp extract (GBEE) on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms and assess its associated molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial effects of GBEE on S. aureus and MRSA were determined using the broth microdilution method. The growth curves of bacteria treated with or without GBEE were generated by measuring the CFU (colony forming unit) of cultures at different time points. The effects of GBEE on bacterial biofilm formation and mature biofilm disruption were determined by crystal violet staining. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the effects of GBEE on the gene expression profiles of MRSA biofilm-related factors at 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GBEE on S. aureus and MRSA was 4 μg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 8 μg/ml. Moreover, GBEE (4-12 μg/mL) inhibited S. aureus and MRSA biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, GBEE also destroyed mature biofilms of S. aureus and MRSA at 12 μg/ml. The expression of the MRSA biofilm-associated factor icaA and sarA were downregulated after 6 h of treatment with GBEE, while sigB was downregulated after 12 h. MeanwhileMeanwhile, icaR was upregulated at 12 h. In addition, GBEE also downregulated the virulence gene hld and inhibited the synthesis of staphyloxanthin. CONCLUSIONS GBEE has excellent antibacterial effects against S. aureus and MRSA and inhibits their biofilm-forming ability by altering related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Peng-Wei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Microbial Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao-Rong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping-Ping Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zu-Quan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, China.
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Fu L, Su W, Chen F, Zhao S, Zhang H, Karimi-Maleh H, Yu A, Yu J, Lin CT. Early sex determination of Ginkgo biloba based on the differences in the electrocatalytic performance of extracted peroxidase. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107829. [PMID: 33964612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious plant. Male ginkgoes are mainly used in landscaping, while females are mainly used for fruit production. However, sex identification of ginkgo is a difficult task, especially at the seedling stage. In this work, we present for the first time the use of electrochemical techniques for the identification of ginkgo sex based on the differences in peroxides within male and female ginkgos. Graphene was used to concentrate peroxides in ginkgo extract, thereby improving electrochemical signal sensitivity. The electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by peroxidase was used as a prob for sex determination in ginkgo. This electrochemical identification technique can be used not only for the analysis of adult ginkgo, but also successfully for the analysis of tissue culture seedlings and live seedlings. This electrochemical sensor has excellent discrimination ability due to the difference in peroxidase content in the leaves and petiole of ginkgo of different sexes. This electrochemical sensor allows for a rapid identification of the sex of ginkgo and has a very strong potential for field analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Weitao Su
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Huaiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, P. O. Box 611731, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Aimin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
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Xiong Y, Zhu GH, Wang HN, Hu Q, Chen LL, Guan XQ, Li HL, Chen HZ, Tang H, Ge GB. Discovery of naturally occurring inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro from Ginkgo biloba leaves via large-scale screening. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104909. [PMID: 33894315 PMCID: PMC8061081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) is a virally encoded main proteinase that is pivotal for the viral replication across a broad spectrum of coronaviruses. This study aims to discover the naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors from herbal constituents, as well as to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of the newly identified efficacious SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors. Following screening of the inhibitory potentials of eighty herbal products against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (GBLE) was found with the most potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition activity (IC50 = 6.68 μg/mL). Inhibition assays demonstrated that the ginkgolic acids (GAs) and the bioflavones isolated from GBLE displayed relatively strong SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition activities (IC50 < 10 μM). Among all tested constituents, GA C15:0, GA C17:1 and sciadopitysin displayed potent 3CLpro inhibition activities, with IC50 values of less than 2 μM. Further inhibition kinetic studies and docking simulations clearly demonstrated that two GAs and sciadopitysin strongly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLprovia a reversible and mixed inhibition manner. Collectively, this study found that both GBLE and the major constituents in this herbal product exhibit strong SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition activities, which offer several promising leading compounds for developing novel anti-COVID-19 medications via targeting on 3CLpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Nan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang S. Advances in the chemical constituents and chemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaf, extract, and phytopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113704. [PMID: 33157480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaf (GBL) is an important botanical drug that can be used for treating many diseases. This review summarizes the reported chemical constituents from GBL or Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) to date, as well as the recent advances in the extraction, purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods (from 2015 to 2020). To date, about 110 flavonoids have been reported to have unambiguous structures, including flavonol and its glycosides, flavone and its glycosides, flavanone and its glycosides, isoflavone and its glycosides, flavan-3-ols, bioflavonoids, and biginkgosides. In recent years, in addition to new flavonoids, new terpenoids and lignan have been also isolated from GBL. Further, several extraction and purification methods have been described and compared. Quantitative analysis of the constituents have been mainly carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with different detector methods. Many studies have focused on variations of compounds contents in GBL from different regions, tree ages, or collection times, which provide references for the selection of GBL. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with activity assay methods were used to on-line screen the bioactive compounds from GBL or its phytopharmaceuticals. The application of other analytical technologies such as MS imaging, supercritical fluid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance, and spectroscopy, has also been discussed. This review of the chemical constituents and analytical methods of Ginkgo will provide a reference for the research on the quality control and discovery of effective constituents for GBL and its related phytopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jucong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Hu J, Wang J, Gan QX, Ran Q, Lou GH, Xiong HJ, Peng CY, Sun JL, Yao RC, Huang QW. Impact of Red Yeast Rice on Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10441-10455. [PMID: 32854499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases constitute a major public health burden and are linked with high morbidity and mortality. They comprise atherosclerosis dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, there is no single drug that can simultaneously treat multiple diseases with complex underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a class of adjuvant drugs that block the development of metabolic diseases from a preventive perspective. Red yeast rice is a food fermentation product widely used to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Modern pharmacology has shown that red yeast rice exerts potential protective effects on the liver, pancreas, blood vessels, and intestines. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze and summarize the effect of red yeast rice on several metabolic diseases and the mechanisms of action involved. It was found that red yeast rice may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Lin Sun
- Sichuan Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chuan Yao
- Sichuan Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
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Lin F, Tan YQ, He XH, Guo LL, Wei BJ, Li JP, Chen Z, Chen HW, Wang J. Huoxue Huatan Decoction Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Hyperlipidemic Rats via PGC-1α-PPARα and PGC-1α-NRF1-mtTFA Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:546825. [PMID: 33041792 PMCID: PMC7522555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.546825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to eluc\idate the preventive and therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Huoxue Huatan Decoction (HXHT) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods An I/R model was established in hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. After 4–8 weeks of HXHT treatment, the physical signs of rats were observed. Lipid metabolism, myocardial enzyme spectrum, cardiac function, myocardial histomorphology, and mitochondrial biosynthesis were investigated by a biochemical method, ultrasonography, electron microscopy, pathological examination, real-time PCR, and Western blot. Results HXHT can affect lipid metabolism at different time points and significantly reduce the levels of cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipid-cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipidemic rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); it can significantly reduce the levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reduce the myocardial infarct size and myocardial ischemic area, and improve cardiac function. The results of myocardial histomorphology showed that HXHT could protect myocardial cells, relieve swelling, reduce the number of cardiac lipid droplets, and improve myocardial mitochondrial function. HXHT could significantly increase the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), increase CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, and decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05); it could increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and increase the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (P < 0.01). Conclusion HXHT can reduce myocardial I/R injury in hyperlipidemic rats. The protective mechanisms may involve a reduction in blood lipids, enhancement of PGC-1α–PPARα pathway activity, and, subsequently, an increase in fatty acid β-oxidation, which may provide the required input for mitochondrial energy metabolism. HXHT can additionally enhance PGC-1α–NRF1–mtTFA pathway activity and, subsequently, increase the antioxidant capacity, promote mtDNA synthesis, and reduce mitochondrial damage. The two pathways use PGC-1α as the intersection point to protect mitochondrial structure and function, reduce I/R-induced injury, and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu-Qing Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Hui He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Department of Lanzhou Province and Dunhuang Medical Transformation, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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