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Tholen R, Ponnet K, Van Hal G, de Bruyn S, Buffel V, Van de Velde S, Bracke P, Bos P, Akvardar Y, Arnold P, Busse H, Chatzittofis A, Helmer S, Rabiee-Khan F, Skalicka V, Stathopoulou T, Tavolacci MP, van der Heijde C, Wouters E. Containment Measures and Alcohol Consumption Among Drinking Higher Education Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multilevel Analysis in 25 Countries. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024:10.1007/s10935-024-00807-w. [PMID: 39325242 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Hazardous alcohol use tends to be more prominent among higher education students. The COVID-19 pandemic severely altered student life, raising questions on its impact on students' alcohol use patterns. The current study examined cross-country variations in drinking behaviors (weekly drinking and binge drinking), and the extent to which these variations were associated with containment measures implemented during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from the COVID-19 International Student Well-being Study, covering students in 25 middle- and upper-high income countries. Data on government responses were retrieved from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed on weekly drinking (n = 44,212) and binge drinking (n = 32,785). Considerable cross-country variation existed for weekly drinking and binge drinking. In the majority of countries, a self-reported decrease in weekly drinking and a substantial self-reported decrease in binge drinking were observed. Closings of schools were associated with decreases in weekly drinking, while limitations on social gatherings were associated with increases in weekly drinking. The stringency index was associated with reporting decreased binge drinking. The study findings demonstrate a number of small yet significant associations between containment measures and changes in student drinking behaviors. Future studies are required to uncover why some students increased their alcohol consumption, particularly in countries with stricter limitations on social gatherings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tholen
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, St. Jacobsstraat 2- 4, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium.
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Communication Sciences, IMEC-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara de Bruyn
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, St. Jacobsstraat 2- 4, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Buffel
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, St. Jacobsstraat 2- 4, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Piet Bracke
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Bos
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, St. Jacobsstraat 2- 4, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
| | - Yildiz Akvardar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Petra Arnold
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Corvinus University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heide Busse
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Helmer
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Rabiee-Khan
- Faculty of Health, Education & Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vera Skalicka
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Edwin Wouters
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, St. Jacobsstraat 2- 4, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium
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Cao Y, Luo L. A longitudinal examination of the effect of physical exercise on the emotional states of college students: exploring the sense of coherence as a mediator through a cross-lagged panel analysis. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1428347. [PMID: 39238847 PMCID: PMC11374635 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1428347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between physical exercise and emotional states among university students, focusing on the mediating role of sense of coherence. Method A total of 1,215 university students (aged 18-25 years) were recruited and completed questionnaires assessing physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), emotional states (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale-13) at three time points over a three-month period. Preliminary analyses included independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlations. Cross-lagged panel mediation analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3, with bootstrapping employed to test indirect effects. Results Results indicated that sense of coherence significantly predicted positive affect (β = 0.259-0.369, p < 0.001). Positive affect, in turn, predicted physical exercise (β = 0.083-0.182, p < 0.05), while negative affect also influenced physical exercise (β = -0.096-0.203, p < 0.05). Physical exercise indirectly influenced positive affect through sense of coherence (β = 0.037, p = 0.045), and positive affect indirectly influenced physical exercise through sense of coherence (β = 0.029, p = 0.028). Other indirect effects involving physical exercise, sense of coherence, and negative affect were non-significant. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of sense of coherence in promoting emotional well-being among university students and in the reciprocal relationship between physical exercise and positive emotional states. Findings suggest that interventions targeting sense of coherence may enhance the emotional benefits of physical exercise. Future research should explore other potential mediators and moderators of the relationship between physical exercise and emotions and examine the effectiveness of sense of coherence-based interventions on well-being in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Cao
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Vocational College of Sports, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Physical Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Kundi H, Amin ZM, Friedman M, Hagan K, Al-Kindi S, Javed Z, Nasir K. Association of Obesity With Psychological Distress in Young Adults: Patterns by Sex and Race or Ethnicity. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:101115. [PMID: 39156117 PMCID: PMC11327462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have emphasized the intricate relationship between obesity and psychological distress, unraveling the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. However, a conspicuous knowledge gap persists in understanding the association between obesity severity and psychological distress, particularly in young adults, marked by limited empirical data. Objectives This study comprehensively investigates the link between obesity and psychological distress among young adults, emphasizing potential variations based on gender and race or ethnicity. Addressing this gap is crucial for informing targeted interventions and understanding the nuanced impact of obesity on mental health in this demographic. Methods Utilizing data from the 2013 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey, individuals aged 18 to 26 years were analyzed. Body mass index served as the primary exposure variable, with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale assessing the primary outcome. Fully-adjusted ordinal regression models were employed for analyses. Results Among the 20,954 participants included in this study, representing 35,564,990 adults, 27% were overweight and 24% had obesity. In class III obesity, individuals experienced 1.4 times more psychological distress than those with normal weight (OR: 1.393; 95% CI: 1.181-1.644; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent trends in non-Hispanic White (OR: 1.615; 95% CI: 1.283-2.032; P < 0.001) and female participants (OR: 1.408; 95% CI: 1.408-2.096; P < 0.001). Conclusions This study underscores the association between obesity and psychological distress in young adults, notably impacting non-Hispanic White and female populations. The findings bear significant implications for shaping future health policies, addressing the mental health crisis, and mitigating the increasing prevalence of obesity among young U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Kundi
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zahir M. Amin
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Friedman
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kobina Hagan
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zulqarnain Javed
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Houston Methodist Department of Cardiology, Houston, Texas, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA
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Coronado H, Bonilla GS, Shircliff K, Sims I, Flood E, Cooley JL, Cummings C. Considering the associations of adverse and positive childhood experiences with health behaviors and outcomes among emerging adults. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 244:105932. [PMID: 38718679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Childhood is a sensitive period of development during which early life experiences can facilitate either positive or negative health trajectories across subsequent developmental periods. Previous research has established strong links between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse health outcomes (e.g., sleep-related problems, pain, substance use). Despite this, less is known about positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and how they may buffer the effects of ACEs on health outcomes. The current study investigated whether PCEs moderate the associations between ACEs and health behavior and health-related outcomes (i.e., cannabis use, alcohol use, sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, pain intensity, and pain interference) in a sample of at-risk emerging adults. Participants (N = 165) were undergraduate college students (18-25 years of age) who reported frequent alcohol and/or cannabis use (≥3 times in the past week). A significant positive association was found between ACEs and cannabis use. There were also significant negative associations found between PCEs and pain interference and intensity. PCEs did not moderate any of the associations between ACEs and health behavior and health-related outcomes (i.e., cannabis use, alcohol use, sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, pain intensity, and pain interference). Findings suggest that PCEs may be unlikely to serve as a strong enough protective factor during early life to decrease risk for suboptimal health and health behaviors during emerging adulthood among individuals who report a greater accumulation of ACEs. Longitudinal research is needed to identify additional related risk and protective factors during early life to further support health and health behavior during this transitional period of development and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Coronado
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA
| | - Gisel Suarez Bonilla
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA
| | - Katherine Shircliff
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA
| | - Imani Sims
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA
| | - Ella Flood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA
| | - John L Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA
| | - Caroline Cummings
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79423, USA.
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Amanvermez Y, Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Ciharova M, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC, Klein AM, Wiers RW, de Wit LM. Sources of stress among domestic and international students: a cross-sectional study of university students in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:428-445. [PMID: 38047318 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High perceived stress is associated with psychological and academic difficulties among college students. In this study, we aimed to investigate associations of student status (international vs domestic student in the Netherlands) with eight common sources of stress (i.e., financial, health, love life, relationship with family, relationship with people at work/ school, the health of loved ones, other problems of loved ones, and life in general). Participants were 2,196 college students (domestic: n = 1,642, international: n = 554) from two universities in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations of student status with all eight sources of stress. Student status was significantly associated with higher levels of perceived stress in almost all life domains. International student status was significantly associated with higher perceived stress in the domains of financial situation and health of loved ones after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and other sources of stress. Findings highlight that several differences exist in the magnitude of perceived stress in certain areas between international and domestic students in the Netherlands. Consequently, it is essential to uncover the different needs of college students and develop specific strategies to deliver the most suitable services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Amanvermez
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marketa Ciharova
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anke M Klein
- Developmental and Educational Psychology of the Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, and Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonore M de Wit
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Guo HB, Qiu C. How do stressful life events affect medical students' academic adjustment? Parallel mediating mechanisms of anxiety and depression. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:617. [PMID: 38834998 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students frequently face challenges in academic adjustment, necessitating effective support and intervention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of stressful life events on medical students' academic adjustment, focusing on the mediating roles of depression and anxiety. It also differentiated the impacts between at-risk students (those with academic failures) and their peers respectively. METHODS This case-control study involved 320 at-risk medical students and 800 other students from a university in western China. Participants anonymously completed the scales of stressful life events, depression, anxiety, and academic adjustment. T-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling were employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Depression and anxiety were significantly more prevalent in at-risk students (46.8% and 46.1%, respectively) than in controls (34.0% and 40.3%, respectively). Notably, at-risk students had poorer academic adjustment (t = 5.43, p < 0.001). The structural equation modeling had good fit indices and the results indicated that depression and anxiety fully mediated the effects of stressful life events on academic adjustment. For at-risk students, stressful life events significantly decreased academic adjustment through increased depression and anxiety (p < 0.001). Conversely, anxiety had a positive effect on academic adjustment in other students. CONCLUSION Targeted interventions focusing on depression and anxiety could reduce the negative impact of stressful life events on medical students' academic adjustment. However, educators have to distinguish the differences between at-risk students and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Bing Guo
- Student Affairs Department, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Student Affairs Department, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Calderon Leon MD, Guassi Moreira JF, Saragosa-Harris NM, Waizman YH, Sedykin A, Peris TS, Silvers JA. Parent and Friend Relationship Quality and Links to Trajectories of Loneliness During the First Year of College. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:680-694. [PMID: 36152130 PMCID: PMC9510327 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Beginning college involves changes that can increase one's vulnerability to loneliness and associated negative outcomes. Parent and friend relationships are potential protective factors against loneliness given their positive association with adjustment. The present longitudinal study, with data collection at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months later, assessed the comparative effects of self-reported parent and friend relationship quality on loneliness in first-year college students (N = 101; 80 female, Mage = 18.36). At baseline, parent and friend relationship quality were negatively associated with loneliness. Longitudinal data revealed that friend relationship quality interacted with time, such that its effects on loneliness attenuated over the course of 2 months. By contrast, parent relationship quality continued to predict lower loneliness 2 months post-baseline. These results highlight the importance of close relationships and suggest that targeting relationship quality could be effective in helping youth transition to college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Calderon Leon
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - João F Guassi Moreira
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
| | | | - Yael H Waizman
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Anna Sedykin
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Tara S Peris
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- University of California, A191 Franz Hall, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
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Turner M, Holdsworth S. Supporting a mentally healthy place of study: Examining the relationship between mental well-being, stress, and protective factors among university students. Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38711221 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Students can expect to experience stressors associated with their studies that can have detrimental effects on their mental well-being if not properly managed. Drawing on a positive psychology paradigm, protective factors can help students to counter study-related stressors and contribute to their mental well-being and academic success. The relationship between protective factors, such as maintaining perspective and building networks, with stress severity and positive mental well-being was examined in a sample of Australian university students undertaking postgraduate coursework. METHODS Students completed a survey measuring stress from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), positive mental well-being from the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS), and seven protective factors from the Resilience at University (RAU) scale. Bivariate correlations were calculated for the RAU protective factors with stress and mental well-being. ANOVA examined the RAU protective factors in relation to mental well-being and stress severity groupings. RESULTS All seven protective factors had a positive and significant relationship with positive mental well-being, and six of the seven protective factors had a negative and significant relationship with stress. A statistically significant difference was found for six of the seven RAU protective factors according to mental well-being group, and three of the seven RAU protective factors group according to stress severity group. A linear effect emerged between level of protective factor and mental well-being group, with participants in the high well-being group having the highest level of protective factors. CONCLUSION Universities should focus on the development of protective factors to support students' well-being and help them to flourish in their studies.
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Liu X, Li Y, Cao X. Bidirectional reduction effects of perceived stress and general self-efficacy among college students: a cross-lagged study. HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 11:271. [DOI: 10.1057/s41599-024-02785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPerceived stress and general self-efficacy are important issues closely related to the mental health and academic performance of college students. Previous studies have explored the correlation between perceived stress and general self-efficacy, but the understanding of the reciprocal effects of these two factors is still limited. Based on two-wave longitudinal data, this study investigated the bidirectional relationship between perceived stress and general self-efficacy in a sample of Chinese college students. The correlation results showed that perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with general self-efficacy. Furthermore, by cross-lagged analysis, it was found that perceived stress can significantly negatively predict subsequent general self-efficacy and that general self-efficacy can significantly negatively predict subsequent perceived stress. Bidirectional reduction effects between perceived stress and general self-efficacy are observed among Chinese college students. The results emphasize the necessity of timely stress intervention for college students and the establishment of measures to enhance general self-efficacy.
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Zhang S, Liu X, Chen J, Yang H, Chen J, Li D, Xu H, Wang S, Guo H, Zhang N, Liu Z, Min X, Wu W. Patterns of sleep quality and its influence factors: A latent class model among students of medical university in Hubei Province, China. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:320-326. [PMID: 38036047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problem among undergraduate students has become one of the most pressing public health problems. This study aimed to explore the latent class of sleep patterns and the factors affecting sleep in Chinese students of medical university. METHODS 3423 students participated in the cross-sectional study. The survey consisted of the reduced Morningness-Evening Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II. Latent profile analysis and multinominal logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Three potential sleep categories were identified: "sleep disorder group" (1.87 %), "daytime dysfunction group" (24.42 %), and "good sleep group" (73.71 %). Compared with the "good sleep group," the "sleep disorder group" showed monthly living expenses (RMB) ≥ 3000 yuan (OR) = 13.04), interpersonal relationships as poor (OR = 3.71), health status as poor (OR = 45.09), circadian rhythm as eveningness (OR = 6.17), and poor health-promoting lifestyles (OR = 2.090) as its risk factors (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, sophomore (OR = 1.75), junior (OR = 1.52), interpersonal relationships as poor (OR = 1.88), health status as poor (OR = 4.62), intermediate-chronotype (OR = 2.19), eveningness chronotype (OR = 5.66), and health-promoting lifestyles as poor (OR = 1.55) were identified as risk factors for the "daytime dysfunction group" (all p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Causal conclusions can not be drawn and recall bias in data collection. CONCLUSIONS Significant population heterogeneity was found in the sleep quality. Implementing targeted interventions focusing on circadian rhythm and lifestyle is crucial to improve the sleep quality of students with different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Health management center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Huailan Guo
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Center for Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion, School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ningrui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30, South Renmin Road, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Wenwen Wu
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Center for Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion, School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
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Guzman Villegas-Frei M, Jubin J, Bucher CO, Bachmann AO. Self-efficacy, mindfulness, and perceived social support as resources to maintain the mental health of students in Switzerland's universities of applied sciences: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 38297239 PMCID: PMC10829234 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Switzerland's student population is at a particularly high risk of developing mental health disorders, creating a major challenge for Switzerland's higher education establishments. Research to date has primarily sought to identify the risk factors affecting students' mental health; however, their exposure to these factors is often unavoidable. Thus, the present study adopted a salutogenic approach focussing on the determinants of health. We examined the mental health resources available to students reported in the literature as being susceptible to helping them maintain good mental health despite their exposure to risk factors. METHODS In February 2020, 2,415 first- and second-year bachelor's degree students in applied sciences in French-speaking Switzerland completed an online questionnaire. The variables measured were self-evaluated mental health, perceived stress and three potential health resources: students' feelings of self-efficacy, their capacity for mindfulness and their social support. The results were analysed using hierarchical linear regression models. RESULTS When all the variables were included in the model without interaction effect, our results revealed that students' self-evaluated mental health was negatively associated with perceived stress (β = -0.43, p < 0.001) and positively associated with the three potential health resources (self-efficacy: β = 0.26, p < 0.001; mindfulness: β = 0.10, p < 0.001; social support: β = 0.17, p < 0.001). An analysis of the interaction effects also revealed that a high level of self-efficacy was associated with perceived stress being less strongly linked to mental health (β = 0.29, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that self-efficacy, mindfulness, and perceived social support are valuable resources for protecting students' mental health. Thus, implementing interventions aimed at reinforcing them, could support students in applied sciences all along their academic pathway, in their classes and during their professional work experience placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Guzman Villegas-Frei
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Jubin
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ortoleva Bucher
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Annie Oulevey Bachmann
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland.
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12
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Zuo X, Zhao L, Li Y, He W, Yu C, Wang Z. Psychological mechanisms of English academic stress and academic burnout: the mediating role of rumination and moderating effect of neuroticism. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1309210. [PMID: 38328384 PMCID: PMC10847527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1309210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Academic stress is a significant and prevalent phenomenon among college students. According to the Demands-Resources Model, when individuals are unable to cope with stress that exceeds their capacity, burnout may occur. Although English courses hold a significant position in university education, there has been limited research on the mechanisms linking English academic stress to English academic burnout. Methods This study recruited 1,130 undergraduate students taking English courses. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing English academic stress, rumination, English academic burnout, and neuroticism traits. A moderated mediation model was constructed to examine the relationship among these variables. Results The results indicate that (1) Rumination serves as a mediator in the relationship between English academic stress and burnout; (2) neuroticism significantly moderates the pathway between English academic stress and rumination. Specifically, students with high neuroticism tendencies are more prone to developing rumination when faced with high levels of English academic stress. Conclusion These findings offer valuable insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying the association between English learning stress and academic burnout. They emphasize the importance of addressing rumination as a mediator and considering individuals' levels of neuroticism in interventions aimed at preventing and alleviating academic burnout among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zuo
- Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences for Children and Adolescents' Reading and Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - LuLu Zhao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Teacher Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting He
- College of Teacher Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Journal of South China Normal University, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Migl W, Mathis H, Spencer M, Hernandez R, Maddock JE. Undergraduate college students' awareness and perception of nature - a photovoice study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2515. [PMID: 38102592 PMCID: PMC10722688 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited research on college campus' green spaces and their benefits to students. This study aimed to identify relationships between a Texas campus's green spaces and students' knowledge of their health benefits and their perception of their health compared to the campus' indoor built environments. METHODS Photovoice was utilized to answer this study's research questions. Participants were instructed to take a photograph inside a building on campus and one outdoors anywhere on campus. Participants answered a questionnaire containing health-related questions, demographics, and nature relationship questions. Additionally, there was an in-class analysis and discussion to characterize overarching themes, knowledge, and evoked emotions. Frequencies, percentages, and a paired t-test were utilized to investigate the hypothesis that through the application of photovoice, participants would display more knowledge of nature's health benefits and a better perception of areas providing emotional, mental, physical, and social health benefits when in these green spaces compared to the indoor built environments on campus. RESULTS 122 students took photographs and answered the questionnaire. 91 students participated in the in-class discussion. Most students felt more positive (80%) and perceived better health with their outdoor location compared to their indoor. They also responded higher to having more positive overall health benefits (63%) outdoors than indoors. CONCLUSIONS These findings further solidified nature improves overall mood, there is a positive relationship between health and nature, and people are aware of it. Future studies should attempt to identify barriers accessing campus green spaces and develop interventions to encourage students to utilize these spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitlee Migl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Haley Mathis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Spencer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ruby Hernandez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jay E Maddock
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
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14
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Stith BR, Jiang X. Personal growth Initiative as a protective factor between the relation of practical stress and life satisfaction. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 38039412 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Stress stemming from practical or financial obstacles is among the top sources of stress for college students. The current study examined if one new positive psychological strength factor, personal growth initiative, functioned as a buffer to protect young adults' life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression from practical stress. Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 353, age range 18-23, 73.9% female) at a public university. Method: Participants were recruited through classes and on campus via flyers and completed self-report surveys online. Results: Personal growth initiative significantly moderated the relation between practical stressors and life satisfaction. Specifically, the negative effect of practical stressors on life satisfaction decreased as personal growth initiative levels increased. Practical stress significantly predicted anxiety and depression, though no significant interactions were identified in this model. Conclusion: Overall, results highlighted the protective function of personal growth initiative for life satisfaction in the context of practical stressors faced by young adults in college. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Jiang
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Bachert P, Wolbring L, Hildebrand C, Woll A, Wäsche H. Analyzing mechanisms of interdisciplinary cooperation in promoting students' health at university. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1911. [PMID: 37789303 PMCID: PMC10548763 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interdisciplinary cooperation among university actors and resulting intersectoral synergies are considered cornerstones in the process of incorporating health promotion practices in everyday university life in order to break down barriers and provide better access to health promotion services. To date, no network of a health-promoting university has been examined regarding the processes underlying tie formation, network emergence, and maintenance. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The goals of this study are to obtain insight into the mechanisms of cooperation between university actors in a health-promoting network and to identify the structural and attributive factors associated with establishing cooperation between actors in the observed network in order to better understand how to build and develop successful networks in the future. For this purpose, a social network analysis was carried out and exponential random graph models were estimated to test corresponding hypotheses. RESULTS The network at hand consists of 33 actors (e.g. University Sports Center, General Student Committee) and shows a flat, non-hierarchical structure. Data reveal that attributed competence predicts cooperation (0.32; p < 0.05). Significant homophily effects among student actors (1.31; p < 0.05) and among university actors (0.59; p < 0.05) were found. All structural predictors examined were significant (0.22-5.40; p < 0.05) and are therefore essential in determining the likelihood of cooperation between actors involved in the network. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide for a better understanding of the mechanisms of cooperation and can be used to further develop the network at hand (e.g. selection of key actors for information dissemination or integration of peripheral actors). In addition, the findings offer starting points for sustained network development at other universities (e.g. significance of network governance form or goal consensus). Knowing the factors that influence the network structure, here the conditions of cooperation, results in opportunities to encourage empowerment among actors. However, the analysis of the network undertaken does not directly bear on the success of the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bachert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Laura Wolbring
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Hathaway ED, O'Shields RH. A first look at self-reported growth in undergraduate students during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1972-1975. [PMID: 34448682 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1960848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore self-reported growth areas during Fall 2020 in a sample of undergraduate juniors and seniors.Participants and methods: Undergraduate students (N = 124, 65% female, 78% white) completed an online survey responding to the following question, "Reflecting back on Fall 2020, how have you grown during this semester?"Results: A majority of students (94.4%) gave at least one positive area of growth during Fall 2020. 62.1% of students reported personal growth during the pandemic with leading areas of increased adaptability, increased self-awareness, increased ability to overcome adversity, and greater appreciation of life. 32.3% of students reported improvements as students with top areas of improved time management, improved motivation, improved responsibility, and improved organization.Conclusions: With concerns about how to best help students transition from the COVID-19 pandemic, universities should consider providing simple, low-cost opportunities for students to engage in self-reflection in supportive campus environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Hathaway
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Lu S, Liu J, Xu M, Xu F. Horticultural therapy for stress reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1086121. [PMID: 37564307 PMCID: PMC10411738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1086121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Horticultural therapy has been increasingly accepted as a non-pharmacological stress reduction treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated its therapeutic effects, with the effect varying according to the populations, settings, and interventions of horticultural therapy. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature regarding the effectiveness of horticultural therapy in reducing stress. Methods We selected databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP Data as our data source, and the original search was completed in January 2023. Results Our results showed significantly increased effects of horticultural therapy on psychological indicators compared to a control group, but an insignificant effect on physiology indicators. The result of the subgroup analysis demonstrated that the stress-reducing effects of horticultural therapy were related to the characteristics of the population and indoor and virtual areas were the most effective setting for horticultural therapy. At the same time, a total duration of 100-500 minutes provided better effects of stress reduction. Discussion We also developed a theoretical framework based on a "Participants-Settings-Interventions" structure for horticulture therapy in terms of its stress-reduction effects, to provide a reference for future horticultural therapy activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjiao Liu
- Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, Melbourne School of Design, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Meijing Xu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Tambling RR, D'Aniello C. Mental health literacy and relational health literacy among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37399581 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2228428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine MHL and RHL in a sample of college students in the United States, and to explore linkages among literacies and related constructs. Participants: Participants were 169 (N = 169) participants who were adult college students at a state university in the southern United States. Participants were recruited through an online recruitment management system that allows college students to participate in research studies for participation credit. Method: We analyzed online survey data using descriptive analysis. In effort to develop a measurement tool to measure relational mental health literacy, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis on the Relational Health Literacy Scale (RHLS) that was developed for the present study. Results: Results suggest that college students would be willing to seek mental health resources from some professional sources. Participants were able to more easily identify symptoms of anxiety and depression, and struggled to accurately identify symptoms of mania, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Respondents also demonstrated some awareness of relationship health issues. Conclusions: Implications for further research, practice and policy making are presented and discussed.
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19
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Takagaki K, Yokoyama S. Relationship between Value-Based Behaviors and Scheduled Activities of University Students before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Model. Psychopathology 2023; 57:70-75. [PMID: 37311419 DOI: 10.1159/000530909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
University students are in a phase during which they have various experiences typical in the academic environment and face situations that require adaptability and influence value formation. In the abnormal situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, university students' life rhythms, academic, interpersonal, and financial situations have changed drastically. In those situational cues, the value-based behavior of university students may have changed. Values provide purpose and direction for each action. Furthermore, values are situational goals that lead to specific real-time behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether there is a two-way influencing relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities of university students at two points in time (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic). 417 university students answered a questionnaire at Times 1 and 2 (with a 1-year interval). We examined the relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities using a longitudinal cross-lagged model analysis. The findings of this study indicate that promoting value-based behaviors is positively associated with the frequency of value-based behaviors and scheduled activities even during anomalies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Even in anomalous situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing value-based behaviors such as behavioral activation can improve the lives of university students. Future intervention studies should show whether behavioral activation is effective in decreasing depressive symptoms among university students even in abnormal situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takagaki
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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20
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Kiupel S, Kupfer J, Kottlors S, Gieler U, Yosipovitch G, Schut C. Is stress related to itch in German students? Results of an online survey. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1104110. [PMID: 37181359 PMCID: PMC10166863 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction German students report to be more stressed than the general population. Highly stressed students from other countries (United States, Australia, Saudi-Arabia) were found to have more skin symptoms, including itch, than lowly stressed students. The current study aimed to assess whether itch is associated with stress in a larger sample of German students. Methods 838 students (3.2% of all invited students) took part in the questionnaire based study and filled in the Perceived Stress Questionnaire as well as a modified version of the Self-Reported Skin Questionnaire. Students were categorized into highly (HSS) and lowly stressed students (LSS) by determination of the 25th and 75th percentile. Results Itch occurred significantly more often in HSS compared to LSS (OR = 3.41 (2.17-5.35)). In addition, itch intensity was significantly related to perceived stress. Discussion These findings not only highlight the importance of offering stress management trainings also to students in Germany in order to minimize itch, but also encourage future research on stress and itch in certain student subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kiupel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Kupfer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sophia Kottlors
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Gieler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Clinic for Psychosomatics, Vitos Klinik, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christina Schut
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Xiong S. Gender differences in stress levels among Southeast Asian American college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:651-654. [PMID: 33830874 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1908306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify sources of stress and examine stress levels by gender among students of Southeast Asian descent. Participants: Six hundred and five Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, Vietnamese, and Other Southeast students from 12 community colleges across the United States. Methods: Students completed the Community College Success Measure administered between 2015 and 2018. Results: More than 50% of male students in the study have experienced food and housing insecurities, transportation issues, and legal concerns. Results from the independent samples t tests indicated that female students reported more stress associated with health and transportation issues in comparison to male students. Conclusions: College health professionals should focus on targeted outreach efforts toward Southeast Asian students and need to consider gender differences in the delivery of psychoeducational groups related to stress reduction and management for this student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soua Xiong
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
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22
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Sacco A, Pössel P, Roane SJ. Perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: What role does the cognitive triad play? J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:985-1001. [PMID: 36256909 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to integrate perceived everyday discrimination (PED) as stressor in Beck's cognitive theory of depression. We focused on the relationships between PED, the individual components of the cognitive triad, and depressive symptoms and the role of gender and race in these relationships. METHOD Participants included 243 technical and community college students (women: 59%; men: 41%; Black: 30%; White: 51%). They completed measures examined PED, the cognitive triad, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Conducting mediation analyses using PROCESS 4.1.1, we found significant indirect effects from PED on depressive symptoms through negative views of the self and world. The indirect effect through negative views of the future was not significant. The indirect effects of negative views of the world and future were significantly stronger in women participants than men participants and the indirect effect of negative views of the world was significantly stronger in White students than Black students. CONCLUSIONS Our findings generally support the integration of PED as stressor into Beck's cognitive theory independent of gender and race. This highlights the responsibility of therapists to assist clients in coping with PED and to advocate for equality within organizations, communities, and society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi Sacco
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick Pössel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sarah J Roane
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Greenberg J, Kanaya MR, Bannon SM, McKinnon E, Iverson GL, Silverberg ND, Parker RA, Giacino JT, Yeh GY, Vranceanu AM. The Impact of a Recent Concussion on College-Aged Individuals with Co-Occurring Anxiety: A Qualitative Investigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031988. [PMID: 36767359 PMCID: PMC9915955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
College-aged individuals with anxiety are vulnerable to developing persistent concussion symptoms, yet evidence-based treatments for this population are limited. Understanding these individuals' perspectives is critical for developing effective interventions. We conducted qualitative interviews with 17 college-aged individuals (18-24 years old) with a recent (≤10 weeks) concussion and at least mild anxiety (≥5 on the GAD-7 questionnaire) to understand the life impact of their concussion. We identified 5 themes: (1) disruption to daily activities (e.g., reduced participation in hobbies and physical activity); (2) disruption to relationships (e.g., reduced social engagement, feeling dismissed by others, stigma, and interpersonal friction); (3) disruptions in school/work (e.g., challenges participating due to light sensitivity, cognitive or sleep disturbance, and related emotional distress); (4) changes in view of the self (e.g., feeling "unlike oneself", duller, or more irritable), and (5) finding "silver linings" after the injury (e.g., increased motivation). Concussions impact the lives of college-aged individuals with co-occurring anxiety in a broad range of domains, many of which remain largely neglected in standard concussion clinical assessment and treatment. Assessing and addressing these issues has the potential to limit the negative impact of concussion, promote recovery, and potentially help prevent persistent concussion symptoms in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenberg
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research (CHOIR), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Millan R. Kanaya
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research (CHOIR), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarah M. Bannon
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research (CHOIR), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen McKinnon
- Dr. Robert Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Grant L. Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and The Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noah D. Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Robert A. Parker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph T. Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gloria Y. Yeh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research (CHOIR), Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Heck CJ, Theodore DA, Sovic B, Austin E, Yang C, Rotbert J, Greissman S, Zucker J, Autry A, Catallozzi M, Sobieszczyk ME, Castor D. Correlates of psychological distress among undergraduate women engaged in remote learning through a New York City college during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36649543 PMCID: PMC10350472 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2156797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's objective is to explore psychological distress (PD) among remote learners during COVID-19. PARTICIPANTS Female undergraduates matriculated at an NYC college in Winter 2020. METHODS Using the Kessler-6 scale, we defined PD as no/low (LPD), mild/moderate (MPD), and severe (SPD) and assessed if residing in/near NYC modified associations. RESULTS PD was common (MPD: 34.1%, SPD: 38.9%). Students identifying as Other/Multiracial had lower MPD odds (aOR = 0.39 [0.17-0.88]). SPD was associated with identifying as White (aOR = 2.02 [1.02-3.99]), unbalanced meals (aOR = 2.59 [1.06-6.30]), violence experience (aOR = 1.77 [1.06-2.94]), no social support (aOR = 3.24 [1.37-7.64]), and loneliness (aOR = 2.52 [1.29-4.95]). Among students in/near NYC, moderate/high drug use (aOR = 2.76 [1.15-6.61]), no social support (aOR = 3.62 [1.10-1.19]), and loneliness (aOR = 2.92 [1.11-7.63]) were SPD correlates. CONCLUSIONS PD was high and associated with food insecurity, violence experience, no social support, and loneliness. Living in/near NYC modified drug use, loneliness, and social support associations. Mental health initiatives should address modifiable risk factors to ameliorate pandemic-associated PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Deborah A. Theodore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Brit Sovic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eloise Austin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Samantha Greissman
- Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jason Zucker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Marina Catallozzi
- Barnard College, New York, NY
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Delivette Castor
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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25
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Karim SI, Irfan F, Haris S, Al-Maflehi N, Ahmed AMA, Ponnamperuma G, Al Sayyari S, Al Faris E. Relationship Between Socio-Demographics, Study Skills and Distress Among Pakistani School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:587-598. [PMID: 36890853 PMCID: PMC9987450 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s394481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The increasing prevalence of distress among students is of global concern. Several factors such as school and family environment and ineffective study skills could influence mental health. The study explored the rate of distress symptoms among school students' and its relationship with their study skills, stressors and demographic factors. Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study, a sample of 215 students from a community school participated in the study. Three questionnaires, demographic questionnaire, Study Skills Inventory and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression. Results Response rate was 70% (n = 150). A high proportion of respondents (75%) was distressed (mean 27.28 ± 8.77). Correlation analysis showed that distress (K10 score) was negatively related to study skills (SSI total score) (r = -0.247, p = 0.002). The rate of distress symptoms was higher among female students (79%) compared to their male counterparts (72%). The factors associated with distress included negative association of teachers' level of help to develop competencies (p = 0.000, β = -0.278, R2 = 0.249), unfavorable school environment (p = 0.000, β = 0.285, R2 = 0.123), inability to cope with studies (p = 0.005, β = 0.205, R2 = 0.038), family problems (p = 0.014, β = 0.184, R2 = 0.173) and lower study skills (p = 0.031, β = -0.164, R2 = 0.270). The overall regression analysis explained 33.6% of the variance (corrected R2 = 0.336). Conclusion Higher than expected levels of distress (75%) was found in immigrant school students. Poor study skills have a significant relationship with distress. Learning environment and related stress factors were associated with distress among students. Based on the findings, it is recommended that stakeholders in education address the hidden curriculum, as it is usually unacknowledged and might affect students' wellbeing, and move from student centered to an interpersonal relation-centered education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Irfan Karim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M A Ahmed
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Eiad Al Faris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Barr ML, McNamara J. Community-Based Participatory Research: Partnering with College Students to Develop a Tailored, Wellness-Focused Intervention for University Campuses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16331. [PMID: 36498404 PMCID: PMC9735608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
College students face unique challenges with leading healthful lifestyles. Using a community-based participatory research approach, college student research partners at two land-grant universities collected data and developed a tailored intervention to improve the well-being of college students. To inform the design of the program, college students were trained to conduct a needs assessment that included a campus-wide survey on the health behaviors of college students, environmental audits of health policies and food pantries on campus, and stakeholder interviews with campus health professionals. Outcomes of the needs assessment data highlighted university students ranked their health as "good" but nutrition health as "fair/poor." Low or very low food security was self-reported by 36.9% of participants and had an overall diet quality score of 47.6 ± 10.1 out of 100. Health professional interview data indicated campuses provide healthful resources to students, but students are not aware those resources exist. Utilizing the needs assessment data previously mentioned, the nominal group technique was then used for student research partners to collaboratively determine the best intervention approaches and develop a wellness program. Student partners identified (1) education, (2) sharing of campus resources, and (3) incentives as important areas of intervention. Using the data collected, the student research partners developed a program titled, The College Cooking Connection, to address health-related quality of life in college students. Using a community-based participatory research approach to program planning, educators and researchers have a greater likelihood of addressing the current needs of the population they are targeting and developing a successful intervention to meet those health concerns. This study aims to partner with young adult university students to understand the college environment and allow the target community to be involved with the development of intervention programs for their campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie L. Barr
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jade McNamara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04473, USA
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27
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Xu L, Wang Z, Tao Z, Yu C. English-learning stress and performance in Chinese college students: A serial mediation model of academic anxiety and academic burnout and the protective effect of grit. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1032675. [PMID: 36533059 PMCID: PMC9749891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Having to adapt to a new environment with various other challenges while completing their studies, Chinese college students experience intense stress related to the study of the English language. However, there has been little research on the serial mediating mechanism of English-learning stress on English academic performance. Methods Present study recruited 1130 undergraduate students to finish self-report online questionnaire to collect the information about their English-learning stress, academic anxiety and burnout, English academic performance and grit. We constructed a moderated serial mediation model to test the effect of academic anxiety and academic burnout and explored whether grit can restrict the decrease in academic performance caused by English-learning stress. Results Results show that: (1) both academic anxiety and academic burnout mediate the relationship between English-learning stress and performance; (2) academic anxiety and academic burnout show a significant serial mediating role between academic pressure and English academic performance; and (3) grit significantly moderates the relationship between academic burnout and English academic performance. Discussion These results lead us to believe that cultivating the grit of Chinese college students may be an effective way to improve the academic performance of those experiencing high English-learning stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xu
- School of Foreign Studies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tao
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Cushman GK, West KB, Davis M, LaMotte J, Eaton CK, Gutierrez-Colina AM, Suveg C, Blount RL. The role of executive functioning, healthcare management, and self-efficacy in college students' health-related quality of life. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2356-2364. [PMID: 33400895 PMCID: PMC8255329 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1862128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examine how executive functioning (EF), healthcare management, and self-efficacy relate to college students' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Participants: Undergraduates completed questionnaires at baseline (Time 1; n = 387) and 18-24 months later (Time 2; n = 102). Methods: Participants reported on their EF and healthcare management skills at Time 1 and self-efficacy and mental and physical HRQOL at Time 2. Results: Students with fewer EF problems reported higher mental and physical HRQOL at both timepoints and those with higher healthcare management skills had higher mental and physical HRQOL at Time 1. Higher self-efficacy mediated the relation between EF and mental HRQOL, and the relation between healthcare management and mental HRQOL. Conclusions: Findings illustrate two potential pathways by which self-management, in healthcare settings or daily living, contributes to mental HRQOL during emerging adulthood. Assessing EF and healthcare management could help identify those at risk of low HRQOL and provide information that can inform interventions in college settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara B West
- The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Molly Davis
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia LaMotte
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cyd K Eaton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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Kljajic K, Gaudreau P. Examining the association between procrastination and decreases in academic achievement during the transition from high school to university: a piecewise growth model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-022-00638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Spence R, Kagan L, Nunn S, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Fisher HL, Hosang GM, Bifulco A. Life events, depression and supportive relationships affect academic achievement in university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1931-1935. [PMID: 33253059 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundStudents often simultaneously deal with shifting support networks, stressful life changes and psychological distress which may affect academic achievement. Methods: 285 students completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess depression and the Computerized Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR), to establish life events and supportive relationships. Module grades were used to measure academic achievement. A general linear model was used with student grade as the dependent variable and life events, depression and supportive relationships as independent variables. Confounding variables included age and sex. Results: A three-way interaction between life events, depression and lack of supportive relationships was found. It indicated the performance of depressed students depended on whether they had supportive relationships and that this interaction also depended on whether they had experienced a life event in the past year. Conclusions: Universities need to provide more support to students with life stress as they transition into university life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Spence
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Stephen Nunn
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | | | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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31
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Jeyapalan JN, James V, Gardner DS, Lothion‐Roy JH, Mongan NP, Rutland CS. Impact of COVID-19 on student attainment and pedagogical needs when undertaking independent scientific research. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 52:93-100. [PMID: 35869816 PMCID: PMC9349675 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Research is often an essential component of completing a veterinary medicine degree, with universities worldwide aiming to teach students a variety of techniques and general research comprehension and skills. As universities worldwide navigated the COVID-19 pandemic, it was often necessary to move towards distance learning, this was employed for the research module at The University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science. Following completion of their independent research project, each student cohort was sent a student evaluation of the module questionnaire and quantitative and qualitative analysis was undertaken. In addition, assessment outcomes based on dissertation grade, supervisor grade and overall module score were analysed quantitatively. This was conducted on both the individual cohorts and between the pre- and peri-pandemic groups, ranging from 2017-2018 through to 2021-2022 cohorts. The students received increased dissertation and supervisor grades (by nearly 6%) during the 2021-2022 peri-pandemic cohort, when compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts, but did differ significantly compared to the 2020-2021 cohort. The pre- and peri-pandemic Likert-scale ratings for module organisation and assessment criteria were similar, workload management and the ability to explore concepts and ideas was reduced in the peri-pandemic cohorts, whereas the accessibility to resources was increased in the peri-pandemic students compared to those taught prior to the pandemic. Student feedback can provide essential information when designing and managing research projects and when compared to assessment grades it can help us understand attainment, essential information when providing a quality university level education whilst supporting student welfare following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical FacultyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Victoria. James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical FacultyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - David S. Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical FacultyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jennifer H. Lothion‐Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical FacultyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical FacultyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Medical FacultyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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32
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Trower R, Hurley L, Murphy ER, Durand H, Farrell K, Meade O, Molloy GJ, McSharry J. Understanding the stress and coping experiences of undergraduate university students in the COVID-19 context: A qualitative study. HRB Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13573.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The various psychological challenges experienced by university students have been well- characterised. The university experience can be stressful, which can negatively impact on mental health. Student stress was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lack of on-campus learning and peer contact. This study aims to understand the stress experiences and coping strategies of undergraduate university students in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the differences between first-year and returning students’ experiences. Methods: Undergraduate students at the National University of Ireland, Galway, took part in online semi-structured interviews via Microsoft Teams. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Nineteen students were interviewed (10 first-years and 9 returning students). Three themes were developed in relation to perceived stressors: (1) ‘The unknown. The dragon. The fear of getting sick’ with sub-themes, ‘Fear of COVID-19’ and ‘Chronic uncertainty and negative media messages’; (2) ‘Online learning is overwhelming’ with sub-themes ‘Difficulties with university workload’ and ‘One place, same screen, same things’; (3) ‘Social isolation’ with sub-themes ‘Lack of peer contact’ and ‘Fear of missing out’. Two themes in relation to coping were also developed: (1) ‘Help each other, keep each other afloat’ and (2) ‘Focusing on the positives in a shared storm.’ First-year students described additional stressors not experienced by returning students such as navigating university for the first time remotely and making friends virtually. Conclusion: All students struggled with various additional stressors due to the COVID-19 situation, particularly first-year students who experienced additional stressors while adjusting to university in a pandemic context. All students described coping strategies to help manage stress, which may be useful in developing future interventions and mental health supports for university students.
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33
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Roche AI, Holdefer PJ, Thomas EBK. College student mental health: Understanding changes in psychological symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35645550 PMCID: PMC9124747 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the way higher education is structured and delivered, presenting challenges for college students that have the potential to negatively impact mental health. The current study aimed to identify potential changes in college student psychological symptoms since the onset of the pandemic. The study used analyses of covariance to examine differences in perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms between a sample of university students collected in Fall 2016 and a sample of students from the same university collected in Spring 2020 and Fall 2020 after the onset of the pandemic. Findings indicated that college students from the 2020 sample reported significantly higher levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms than the 2016 sample. For stress and anxiety, there was a significant interaction between cohort (2016 vs. 2020 sample) and year in school (first year vs. advanced) indicating that the pandemic may have had a more prominent negative mental health impact on advanced students in comparison to first year students. There were no significant differences between samples on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The current sample was somewhat homogenous demographically, consisting of primarily first-year students, thus limiting generalizability. Self-report measures were used. College students may be struggling with increased stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. The current study provides important information to guide the development and implementation of prevention and intervention efforts to support college student mental health in the context of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I. Roche
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Present Address: Division of Integrated Behavioral Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Paul J. Holdefer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Emily B. K. Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
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34
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Chan KKS, Lee JCK, Yu EKW, Chan AWY, Leung ANM, Cheung RYM, Li CW, Kong RHM, Chen J, Wan SLY, Tang CHY, Yum YN, Jiang D, Wang L, Tse CY. The Impact of Compassion from Others and Self-compassion on Psychological Distress, Flourishing, and Meaning in Life Among University Students. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:1490-1498. [PMID: 35506030 PMCID: PMC9050348 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Research shows that compassion from others and from the self may enable university students to face, overcome, and bounce back from adversity and generate a greater sense of thriving and meaning in life. However, the underlying processes are largely unknown. The present study aimed to examine the associations of compassion with psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life among university students and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations. Methods A total of 536 Hong Kong university students completed questionnaires measuring their experiences of compassion from others, self-compassion, resilience, psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life. Results Serial mediation analyses showed that compassion from others was associated positively with self-compassion, which was, in turn, linked to greater resilience and consequently lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of flourishing and meaning in life. Conclusions Our findings reveal the associations of compassion from others and self-compassion with the well-being and life meaning of university students. The findings highlight the importance of being open and receptive to love and kindness from others. The findings also point to the importance of developing a caring attitude toward oneself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ka Shing Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - John Chi-Kin Lee
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Kwan Wai Yu
- Department of Literature and Cultural Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Arita W Y Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Nga Man Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Rebecca Y M Cheung
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Chin Wa Li
- Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Department of International Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Ho-Man Kong
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah Lai Yin Wan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Christine Hau Yu Tang
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Yen Na Yum
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.,Integrated Centre for Wellbeing, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Lixun Wang
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Language Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Yip Tse
- Centre for Language in Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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35
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Trevino JE, Monsur M, Lindquist CS, Simpson CR. Student and Nature Interactions and Their Impact on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095030. [PMID: 35564425 PMCID: PMC9099854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Passive and active interactions with nature reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Populations that experience increased stress often have fewer interactions with nature due to many factors. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a new stressor for all populations due to sickness, isolation, financial burdens, or other factors. University students were particularly impacted due to the change to online modalities, which isolated them from other students. To assess if any negative or other consequences were experienced and if nature factors could mitigate them, we examined how plant interactions affected university students (N = 353) in an online learning environment. Two modified Depression Anxiety Stress Surveys (DASS; Depression Anxiety Stress and Academic Stress, DASA) were administered over two semesters in 2020 to survey students on these interactions with nature. During the two semesters, most students experienced extremely severe self-reported mental health adversities. Further correlations between DASA scores and responses about nature interactions, home environments, plant exposure, and plant access showed that outdoor interactions were positively related to better self-reported mental health scores. However, the concerning and lingering effects of the pandemic were evidenced in our research as DASA scores increased across the two semesters. Nevertheless, going outdoors and interacting with nature brings some benefits that lessen the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah E. Trevino
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Muntazar Monsur
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Carol S. Lindquist
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Catherine R. Simpson
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-834-5691
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Tholen R, Ponnet K, Van Hal G, De Bruyn S, Buffel V, Van de Velde S, Bracke P, Wouters E. Substance Use among Belgian Higher Education Students before and during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4348. [PMID: 35410029 PMCID: PMC8998911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted many countries to issue far-reaching policy measures that may have led to increased substance use. Higher education students may have been disproportionally affected due to the rearrangement of educational life and their susceptibility to psychosocial distress and substance use. The current study examined associations between pandemic-related stressors, psychosocial distress, and self-reported alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use before and during the first wave of the pandemic. Data were collected in Belgium as part of the COVID-19 International Student Well-being Study (C19 ISWS) and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analyses. The sample contained 18,346 higher education students aged 17 to 24 (75% women). Overall use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis as well as binge drinking decreased during the pandemic, perhaps due to limited social gatherings. Moving back to the parental home was associated with decreased substance use, while depressive symptoms were associated with increased substance use. Perceived threat and academic stress were associated with increased binge drinking among heavy bingers and increased tobacco use. Decreases among students who moved back to their parental home may be explained by increased informal social control. Increased substance use was associated with a number of stressors and psychosocial distress, which suggests that some students may have been self-medicating to manage their mental health amidst the pandemic. Public health policy concerning substance use may prove to be less effective if not tailored to particular subgroups within the student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tholen
- Center for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Communication Studies, imec-mict, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara De Bruyn
- Center for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Buffel
- Center for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Center for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Piet Bracke
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Center for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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Kljajic K, Schellenberg BJI, Gaudreau P. Why Do Students Procrastinate More in Some Courses Than in Others and What Happens Next? Expanding the Multilevel Perspective on Procrastination. Front Psychol 2022; 12:786249. [PMID: 35237201 PMCID: PMC8884079 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the antecedents and outcomes of procrastination when comparing students to one another (i.e., between-person level). However, little is known about the antecedents and outcomes of procrastination when comparing the courses taken by the students during a semester (i.e., within-person level). In this study, we proposed that examining procrastination at both levels of analysis should improve our understanding of the academic experience of students. At both levels, we examined the mediating role of procrastination in the associations between two dimensions of motivation (i.e., autonomous and controlled) and indicators of academic achievement (i.e., grades) and well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect). A sample of 359 university students completed questionnaires measuring their motivation, procrastination, and affect in each of their courses. The official final course grades were obtained at the end of the semester. Multilevel mediation analyses with structural equation modeling were conducted to test our hypotheses. At the between-person level, the indirect effects revealed that higher controlled motivation was significantly associated with worse outcomes (i.e., worse grades and higher negative affect) via higher levels of procrastination. At the within-person level, the indirect effects revealed that lower autonomous motivation was significantly associated with worse outcomes (i.e., worse grades, lower positive affect, and higher negative affect) via higher levels of procrastination. Overall, this study shows that different pathways at each level of analysis may explain how procrastination can be detrimental for the success and well-being of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kljajic
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Gaudreau
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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38
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Juvonen J, Lessard LM, Kline NG, Graham S. Young Adult Adaptability to the Social Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Protective Role of Friendships. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:585-597. [PMID: 35103932 PMCID: PMC8805132 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic enables assessment of the adaptability of young adults to non-normative stressors threatening their social-emotional wellbeing. Focusing specifically on a developmentally critical social challenge of restricted in-person contact, the goal of the current study was to examine the role of friendships in alleviating social-emotional problems. Data were collected via online surveys from an ethnically diverse sample (n = 1557) of 20 to 24-year-olds (62% cisgender female, 31% male, 7% gender diverse or gender questioning) in spring of 2021. Longitudinal data from an earlier time point involving an age-normative social challenge (transition out of high school) were used as a comparison. The comparisons between the transition from high school and the pandemic showed that whereas social anxiety and depressive symptoms increased, loneliness decreased. Participants also reported having slightly more friends and rated the overall quality of their friendships as somewhat higher. Regression analyses revealed that a greater number of friends over time and greater satisfaction with friend electronic communication during the pandemic were most robustly related to lower social and generalized anxiety as well as depressive symptoms, over and above earlier social-emotional wellbeing and a number of relevant correlates. Loneliness was protected by higher quality of friendships, greater contact with friends, as well as more frequent and satisfying electronic communication with friends. The results suggest that although young adults are facing emotional challenges during the continued pandemic, they are also able to adapt by keeping in touch with friends to decrease subjective sense of isolation. The findings have novel intervention implications to reduce loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Juvonen
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Naomi G Kline
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Graham
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhao C, Ding N, Yang X, Xu H, Lai X, Tu X, Lv Y, Xu D, Zhang G. Longitudinal Effects of Stressful Life Events on Problematic Smartphone Use and the Mediating Roles of Mental Health Problems in Chinese Undergraduate Students. Front Public Health 2021; 9:752210. [PMID: 34926377 PMCID: PMC8678111 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: This three-wave longitudinal study investigated the effects of stressful life events on problematic smartphone use and the mediating roles of mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) in Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 197 undergraduate students completed the three-wave surveys. Their severity of stressful life events, mental health problems, and problematic smartphone use were assessed. Results: Regression analyses revealed that stressful life events at T1 was significantly associated with problematic smartphone use at T3. Mediation analyses showed that mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) at T2 fully mediated the association between stressful life events at T1 and problematic smartphone use at T3 (B = 0.042, 0.034, and 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: The present study revealed that stressful life events and mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) are predictors of problematic smartphone use in Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjia Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nani Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, Faculty of Medicine, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolian Tu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijun Lv
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongwu Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang (P)rovince, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gupta R, Agrawal R. Are the concerns destroying mental health of college students?: A qualitative analysis portraying experiences amidst COVID-19 ambiguities. ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY : ASAP 2021; 21:621-639. [PMID: 33821151 PMCID: PMC8013217 DOI: 10.1111/asap.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus presenting an unforeseeable chain of events has exaggerated misery for students in India as they attracted the most detrimental experiences associated with lockdown restrictions leading to a shutdown of colleges as a preventive measure. The research endeavors to furnish a review of the overall hardships and psychological state of mind of college students and improvement in the implementation of policy decisions. Researchers conceptualize the newly discovered phenomenon by adopting grounded theory. Data from 256 newspaper articles, online articles and magazines have been gathered and converted into 256 separate files. To broaden the justification of research, social media analysis employing tweets, Facebook posts and Whatsapp messages are considered adding to the contributory prospects of the study. Compiled data is then refined through data mining technique. Triangulation approach amalgamating content analysis and thematic analysis has been deployed, thereby exploring the qualitative aspect of data gathering. Reviews from 31 students through telephonic conversation and 8 academic experts extended more accuracy to the research process. Findings administered academic disruptions with career concern, emotional suffering, financial concern, online learning, overseas injustice and psychological effects as the final themes representing various concerns experienced by college students. Hence, this work concludes with some constructive suggestions to deteriorate the amplified concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Gupta
- Department of Management Studies J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA Faridabad Haryana India
| | - Rachna Agrawal
- Department of Management Studies J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA Faridabad Haryana India
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41
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Tuck AB, Thompson RJ. Social Networking Site Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Associations With Social and Emotional Well-being in College Students: Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e26513. [PMID: 34313587 PMCID: PMC8425400 DOI: 10.2196/26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the frequency of in-person social interactions. College students were highly impacted, since many universities transferred curriculum from in-person to entirely online formats, physically separating students with little notice. With social distancing, their use of social networking sites (SNSs) likely changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly holding implications for well-being. Objective This study aimed to determine (1) how components of SNS use (ie, weekly frequency, time per day, habitual use, engagement, enjoyment, addiction, and emotional impact) changed from before to during COVID-19, (2) how these changes in SNS use were associated with pandemic-related social and emotional well-being, and (3) how SNS use and changes in use during the pandemic were associated with loneliness. Methods College students (N=176) were surveyed during the time when their university campus in the United States was operating online. Participants completed the same SNS use questionnaires twice, once with regard to the month preceding the onset of COVID-19 and again with regard to the month since this time. They also reported the extent to which they experienced perceived change in social support resulting from the pandemic, pandemic-related stress, and general loneliness. Results After the onset of COVID-19, participants showed an increase in daily time spent on SNSs (t169=5.53, d=0.42, P<.001), habitual use (t173=3.60, d=0.27, P<.001), and addiction (t173=4.96, d=0.38, P<.001); further, enjoyment on SNSs decreased (t173=–2.10, d=–0.16, P=.04) and the emotional impact of SNS activities became more negative (t172=–3.76, d=–0.29, P<.001). Increased perceived social support during COVID-19 was associated with changes in frequency of SNS use, time per day, addiction, and engagement (r>0.18 for all). Pandemic-related stress was associated with changes in SNS addiction and the extent to which one’s SNS content was related to the pandemic (r>0.20 for all). Loneliness was positively associated with SNS addiction (r=0.26) and negatively associated with SNS engagement (r=–0.19) during the pandemic. Loneliness was also negatively associated with changes in habit and engagement (r<–0.15 for all). Conclusions Findings suggest that components of SNS use are associated with both positive and negative pandemic-related social outcomes, but largely negative pandemic-related emotional outcomes. Further, some components of SNS use are positively associated with loneliness (eg, addiction) while others show a negative association (eg, engagement). These findings provide a more nuanced picture of how SNS use is associated with social and emotional well-being during the time of a global health crisis when in-person interactions are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Tuck
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Renee J Thompson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
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42
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The Development and Validation of a Measure to Assess COVID-19 Stress among College Students for Sustainable Education. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ personal, academic, and social life has been quite stressful. The threat to life from the virus, social isolation, and the need to shift from face-to-face learning to online mode has been challenging. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a self-administered tool to assess the source of COVID-19 pandemic stress among college students. The data was collected online using google forms in two phases. The data collected from 173 participants from phase one was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The second phase data of 216 participants were analyzed to validate the factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The standardized factor loadings, Composite Reliability (CR), and AVE of factors were assessed to determine the convergent validity of the scale. Similarly, discriminant validity and concurrent predictive validity were assessed through the HTMT ratio of correlations and ROC curves, respectively. A succession of Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded a five-factor solution, explaining 73.83 percent variance with 13 indices. CFA via maximum likelihood with bootstrapping indicated a good fit for the five-factor model (SRMR = 0.037, RMSEA = 0.049, CFI = 0.981). The standardized factor loadings, Composite Reliability (CR), and AVE of factors together suggest acceptable convergent validity. Further, the ROC curve results to assess stress indicated an acceptable AUC, with a magnitude of 0.79, p < 0.01, indicating concurrent predictive validity for the five-factor Student COVID-19 Stress Scale (SCSS). HTMT ratio of correlations <0.85 indicated discriminant validity for the factor structure. The CR > 0.70 for the dimensions indicated acceptable reliability. Thus, the SCSS can be an effective instrument to assess the source of pandemic stress among students so that tailor-made timely interventions can be provided to prevent long-term adverse effects.
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43
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Bachert P, Wäsche H, Albrecht F, Hildebrand C, Kunz AM, Woll A. Promoting Students' Health at University: Key Stakeholders, Cooperation, and Network Development. Front Public Health 2021; 9:680714. [PMID: 34277547 PMCID: PMC8277920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.680714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cooperation among university units is considered a cornerstone for the promotion of students' health. The underlying mechanisms of health-promoting networks at universities have rarely been examined so far. Shedding light on partnerships is generally limited to the naming of allied actors in a network. Objectives and Methods: In this study, we used network analysis intending to visualize and describe the positions and characteristics of the network actors, and examine organizational relationships to determine the characteristics of the complete network. Results: The network analysis at hand provides in-depth insights into university structures promoting students' health comprising 33 organizational units and hundreds of ties. Both cooperation and communication network show a flat, non-hierarchical structure, which is reflected by its low centralization indices (39–43%) and short average distances (1.43–1.47) with low standard deviations (0.499–0.507), small diameter (3), and the non-existence of subgroups. Density lies between 0.53 and 0.57. According to the respondents, the University Sports Center is considered the most important actor in the context of students' health. Presidium and Institute of Sport and Sports Science play an integral role in terms of network functionality. Conclusion: In the health-promoting network, numerous opportunities for further integration and interaction of actors exist. Indications for transferring results to other universities are discussed. Network analysis enables universities to profoundly analyze their health-promoting structures, which is the basis for sustained network governance and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bachert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Albrecht
- Central Scientific Institution for Key Competencies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexa Maria Kunz
- Central Scientific Institution for Key Competencies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lines RLJ, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience-The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement-burst study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13846. [PMID: 34124785 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement-burst study with 53 university students over a 6-month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8-week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross-sectional designs and self-report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L J Lines
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kagan J Ducker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel F Gucciardi
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Moore A, Nguyen A, Rivas S, Bany-Mohammed A, Majeika J, Martinez L. A qualitative examination of the impacts of financial stress on college students' well-being: Insights from a large, private institution. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211018122. [PMID: 34094560 PMCID: PMC8141976 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211018122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This qualitative research aims to provide deeper insight into college students’ experiences by examining the impact of financial stress on their well-being. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted at a large, private, urban university in the United States over the course of 1 month, each lasting approximately 1 h. Facilitators used a structured moderator guide to maintain consistency. Four focus groups were conducted and a total of 30 students participated. Students were primarily Asian (66.7%) and White (30.0%), and a majority were female (86.7%). Student participants were 43.3% undergraduate and 56.6% graduate. Transcripts were analyzed in Atlas.ti 8 software using line-by-line open coding guided by the principles of qualitative content analysis. An inductive approach was utilized to code the data. Emergent categories and concepts were then organized hierarchically into themes and subthemes. Results: Two overarching themes emerged from the focus group analysis. In these students’ perspectives, financial stress impedes their ability to succeed academically. Another major theme is the impact of finances on students’ social lives. Students experiencing financial stress find it challenging to navigate relationships with wealthier peers, often leading to feelings of isolation and embarrassment. Conclusion: Given the reported negative impact on students’ well-being, further research is needed to determine methods for mitigating financial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moore
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Nguyen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Rivas
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jarod Majeika
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhou B, Li Y, Tang Y, Cao W. An Experience-Sampling Study on Academic Stressors and Cyberloafing in College Students: The Moderating Role of Trait Self-Control. Front Psychol 2021; 12:514252. [PMID: 34326788 PMCID: PMC8314437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.514252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Student cyberloafing is a relatively new educational phenomenon and is getting to be an outstanding issue that educators have to face. It is necessary to find out important factors that aggravate cyberloafing. Using an experience sampling method, this study examined the relationship between academic stressors and cyberloafing. Once a week for five consecutive weeks (T1–T5), 134 undergraduate students assessed the extent of academic stressors and cyberloafing of that week through an electronic questionnaire. Additionally, participants completed a trait self-control scale at Time 2. Results of two-level regression analysis showed that academic stressors were negatively associated with cyberloafing at the within-person level (i.e., week-to-week changes), but not at the between-person level. Furthermore, this relationship pattern was only observed in students with low trait self-control, while those with high trait self-control were less likely to cyberloaf regardless of academic stressors. These findings suggest that cyberloafing can fluctuate over periods, especially for individuals who lack self-control. Future research should consider cyberloafing from a dynamic perspective of individual-context interaction. Several practical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Cao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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47
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Zhang Y, Carciofo R. Assessing the wellbeing of Chinese university students: validation of a Chinese version of the college student subjective wellbeing questionnaire. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:69. [PMID: 33933167 PMCID: PMC8088553 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the rising concern with promoting the wellbeing of university students and relative lack of domain-specific wellbeing measurement instruments in China, the current study aimed to validate a Chinese version of the College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (CSSWQ), a 16-item self-report English-language rating scale assessing four aspects of wellbeing (academic satisfaction, academic efficacy, school connectedness, and college gratitude). METHODS The Chinese translation of the CSSWQ, the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the 10-Item Big Five Personality Inventory, and demographic questions were completed by 252 Chinese students at a university in Suzhou, China. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis found four factors each with the same four items as in the original English scale. Each subscale showed good internal consistency. Test-retest for a one-month interval showed generally moderate reliability. As predicted, Pearson correlational analysis found positive correlations between the Chinese CSSWQ and life satisfaction, positive affect, extraversion, and GPA, and negative correlations with neuroticism and negative affect. Monthly income had small negative correlations with academic satisfaction and academic efficacy, smoking had a small positive correlation with school connectedness, and exercise had a small positive correlation with academic efficacy. CONCLUSION Data for the Chinese CSSWQ in the current study showed validity and reliability, supporting the use of this instrument as a measurement of college student wellbeing in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Richard Carciofo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Lisnyj KT, Pearl DL, McWhirter JE, Papadopoulos A. Exploration of Factors Affecting Post-Secondary Students' Stress and Academic Success: Application of the Socio-Ecological Model for Health Promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3779. [PMID: 33916373 PMCID: PMC8038589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OVERVIEW There has been an increase in the frequency and severity of stress experienced by Canadian post-secondary students, which has adverse implications on their academic success. This work applied the socio-ecological model for health promotion to explore the contextual factors that influence this relationship at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy levels. METHODS Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, we conducted 38 semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students and on-campus staff who provide services to this population at a post-secondary institution in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Thematic analysis inductively identified overarching themes among participants' perspectives. RESULTS Several positive and negative factors were identified at each socio-ecological model level, demonstrating the complex interplay of demographic, psychological, emotional, social, physical, and academic factors impacting students' academic stress. CONCLUSIONS A lack of communication and knowledge seems to underlie many factors, highlighting the need to strengthen communication strategies to promote awareness, accessibility, and availability of services and programs on campus. Results also pointed to focusing on proactive, resilience-focused, upstream mental health promotion efforts at post-secondary institutions to reduce stress and improve academic success. This knowledge can help Canadian campuses better address students' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad T. Lisnyj
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (D.L.P.); (J.E.M.); (A.P.)
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Yoluk IS, Togay A, Sanberk I, Atici M. Idiographic Analysis of an Emotion-Focused Therapy-Based Psychoeducation Program with Undergraduate Students in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-021-09426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim JG, Jeon J, Shin WS. The Influence of Forest Activities in a University Campus Forest on Student's Psychological Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2457. [PMID: 33801534 PMCID: PMC7967591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the psychological effects of forest activities in a campus forest. A pre-test and post-test control group design was employed to evaluate the psychological effect of forest activities in a campus forest. A total of 38 participants participated in this study (19 in the forest activities group; 19 in the control group). The Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire, the Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being (COMOSWB), and the modified form of the Stress Response Inventory (SRI-MF) were administered to each participant to assess psychological effects. This study revealed that participants in the forest activities intervention group had significantly positive increases in their mood, stress response, and subjective well-being, comparing with those of control group participants who did not partake in any forest activities. In conclusion, the implementation of forest activities in a campus forest is an efficient strategy to provide psychological well-being benefits to college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gun Kim
- Graduated Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.G.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jinyoung Jeon
- Graduated Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (J.G.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Won Sop Shin
- Department of Forest Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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