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Villalobos-Escobedo FS, Jijón-Lorenzo R, Avalos-Fuentes JA, Paz-Bermúdez F, Recillas-Morales S, Rojas IC, Leyva-Gómez G, Cortés H, Florán B. Dopamine D3 receptor modulates D2 receptor effects on cAMP and GABA release at striatopallidal terminals-Modulation by the Ca 2+-Calmodulin-CaMKII system. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1441-1459. [PMID: 38151481 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is expressed in striatopallidal neurons and decreases forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) mRNA is expressed in a population of striatal D2R-expressing neurons. Also, D3R protein and binding have been reported in the neuropil of globus pallidus. We explore whether D2R and D3R colocalize in striatopallidal terminals and whether D3R modulates the D2R effect on forskolin-stimulated [3H]cAMP accumulation in pallidal synaptosomes and high K+ stimulated-[3H]GABA release in pallidal slices. Previous reports in heterologous systems indicate that calmodulin (CaM) and CaMKII modulate D2R and D3R functions; thus, we study whether this system regulates its functional interaction. D2R immunoprecipitates with CaM, and pretreatment with ophiobolin A or depolarization of synaptosomes with 15 mM of K+ decreases it. Both treatments increase the D2R inhibition of forskolin-stimulated [3H]cAMP accumulation when activated with quinpirole, indicating a negative modulation of CaM on D2R function. Quinpirole also activates D3R, potentiating D2R inhibition of cAMP accumulation in the ophiobolin A-treated synaptosomes. D2R and D3R immunoprecipitate in pallidal synaptosomes and decrease after the kainic acid striatal lesion, indicating the striatal origin of the presynaptic receptors. CaM-kinase II alfa (CaMKIIα) immunoprecipitates with D3R and increases after high K+ depolarization. In the presence of KN62, a CaMKIIα blocker, D3R potentiates D2R effects on cAMP accumulation in depolarized synaptosomes and GABA release in pallidal slices, indicating D3R function regulation by CaMKIIα. Our data indicate that D3R potentiates the D2R effect on cAMP accumulation and GABA release at pallidal terminals, an interaction regulated by the CaM-CaMKIIα system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Selene Villalobos-Escobedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jijón-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Arturo Avalos-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Paz-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Israel Conde Rojas
- Neurobiology of Eating, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Newman AH, Xi ZX, Heidbreder C. Current Perspectives on Selective Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists/Partial Agonists as Pharmacotherapeutics for Opioid and Psychostimulant Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 60:157-201. [PMID: 35543868 PMCID: PMC9652482 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over three decades of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) D3 receptors (D3R) are involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders (SUD). The expectation that a selective D3R antagonist/partial agonist would be efficacious for the treatment of SUD is based on the following key observations. First, D3R are distributed in strategic areas belonging to the mesolimbic DA system such as the ventral striatum, midbrain, and ventral pallidum, which have been associated with behaviors controlled by the presentation of drug-associated cues. Second, repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces neuroadaptations in the D3R system. Third, the synthesis and characterization of highly potent and selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists have further strengthened the role of the D3R in SUD. Based on extensive preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence, the D3R shows promise as a target for the development of pharmacotherapies for SUD as reflected by their potential to (1) regulate the motivation to self-administer drugs and (2) disrupt the responsiveness to drug-associated stimuli that play a key role in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered by re-exposure to the drug itself, drug-associated environmental cues, or stress. The availability of PET ligands to assess clinically relevant receptor occupancy by selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists, the definition of reliable dosing, and the prospect of using human laboratory models may further guide the design of clinical proof of concept studies. Pivotal clinical trials for more rapid progression of this target toward regulatory approval are urgently required. Finally, the discovery that highly selective D3R antagonists, such as R-VK4-116 and R-VK4-40, do not adversely affect peripheral biometrics or cardiovascular effects alone or in the presence of oxycodone or cocaine suggests that this class of drugs has great potential in safely treating psychostimulant and/or opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Gamma camera imaging in psychiatric disorders. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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4
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Kiss B, Krámos B, Laszlovszky I. Potential Mechanisms for Why Not All Antipsychotics Are Able to Occupy Dopamine D 3 Receptors in the Brain in vivo. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:785592. [PMID: 35401257 PMCID: PMC8987915 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.785592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system are believed to play a major role in the core symptoms of schizophrenia such as positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. The first line of treatment of schizophrenia are antipsychotics, a class of medications that targets several neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, including dopaminergic, serotonergic, adrenergic and/or muscarinic receptors, depending on the given agent. Although the currently used antipsychotics display in vitro activity at several receptors, majority of them share the common property of having high/moderate in vitro affinity for dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) and D3 receptors (D3Rs). In terms of mode of action, these antipsychotics are either antagonist or partial agonist at the above-mentioned receptors. Although D2Rs and D3Rs possess high degree of homology in their molecular structure, have common signaling pathways and similar in vitro pharmacology, they have different in vivo pharmacology and therefore behavioral roles. The aim of this review, with summarizing preclinical and clinical evidence is to demonstrate that while currently used antipsychotics display substantial in vitro affinity for both D3Rs and D2Rs, only very few can significantly occupy D3Rs in vivo. The relative importance of the level of endogenous extracellular dopamine in the brain and the degree of in vitro D3Rs receptor affinity and selectivity as determinant factors for in vivo D3Rs occupancy by antipsychotics, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kiss
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
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5
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D3 Receptors and PET Imaging. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 60:251-275. [PMID: 35711027 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter encapsulates a short introduction to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the information gained by using this technology to detect changes of the dopamine 3 receptor (D3R) at the molecular level in vivo. We will discuss available D3R radiotracers, emphasizing [11C]PHNO. The focus, however, will be on PET findings in conditions including substance abuse, obesity, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and aging. Finally, there is a discussion about progress in producing next-generation selective D3R radiotracers.
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6
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. A Historical Perspective on the Dopamine D3 Receptor. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 60:1-28. [PMID: 35467293 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Before 1990, the multiplicity of dopamine receptors beyond D1 and D2 had remained a controversial concept, despite its substantial clinical implications, at a time when it was widely accepted that dopamine interacted with only two receptor subtypes, termed D1 and D2, differing one from the other by their pharmacological specificity and opposite effects on adenylyl cyclase. It was also generally admitted that the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotics resulted from blockade of D2 receptors. Thanks to molecular biology techniques, the D3 receptor could be characterized as a distinct molecular entity having a restricted anatomical gene expression and different signaling, which could imply peculiar functions in controlling cognitive and emotional behaviors. Due to the structural similarities of D2 and D3 receptors, the search for D3-selective compounds proved to be difficult, but nevertheless led to the identification of fairly potent and in vitro and in vivo selective compounds. The latter permitted to confirm a role of D3 receptors in motor functions, addiction, cognition, and schizophrenia, which paved the way for the development of new drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, 5, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
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Neuronal Dopamine D3 Receptors: Translational Implications for Preclinical Research and CNS Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010104. [PMID: 33466844 PMCID: PMC7830622 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), as one of the major neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, exerts its actions through five types of receptors which belong to two major subfamilies such as D1-like (i.e., D1 and D5 receptors) and D2-like (i.e., D2, D3 and D4) receptors. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) was cloned 30 years ago, and its distribution in the CNS and in the periphery, molecular structure, cellular signaling mechanisms have been largely explored. Involvement of D3Rs has been recognized in several CNS functions such as movement control, cognition, learning, reward, emotional regulation and social behavior. D3Rs have become a promising target of drug research and great efforts have been made to obtain high affinity ligands (selective agonists, partial agonists and antagonists) in order to elucidate D3R functions. There has been a strong drive behind the efforts to find drug-like compounds with high affinity and selectivity and various functionality for D3Rs in the hope that they would have potential treatment options in CNS diseases such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and restless leg syndrome. In this review, we provide an overview and update of the major aspects of research related to D3Rs: distribution in the CNS and periphery, signaling and molecular properties, the status of ligands available for D3R research (agonists, antagonists and partial agonists), behavioral functions of D3Rs, the role in neural networks, and we provide a summary on how the D3R-related drug research has been translated to human therapy.
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Komorowski A, Weidenauer A, Murgaš M, Sauerzopf U, Wadsak W, Mitterhauser M, Bauer M, Hacker M, Praschak-Rieder N, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R, Willeit M. Association of dopamine D 2/3 receptor binding potential measured using PET and [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO with post-mortem DRD 2/3 gene expression in the human brain. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117270. [PMID: 32818617 PMCID: PMC7610745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Open access post-mortem transcriptome atlases such as the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) can inform us about mRNA expression of numerous proteins of interest across the whole brain, while in vivo protein binding in the human brain can be quantified by means of neuroreceptor positron emission tomography (PET). By combining both modalities, the association between regional gene expression and receptor distribution in the living brain can be approximated. Here, we compare the characteristics of D2 and D3 dopamine receptor distribution by applying the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO and human gene expression data. Since [11C]-(+)-PHNO has a higher affinity for D3 compared to D2 receptors, we hypothesized that there is a stronger relationship between D2/3 non-displaceable binding potentials (BPND) and D3 mRNA expression. To investigate the relationship between D2/3 BPND and mRNA expression of DRD2 and DRD3 we performed [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans in 27 healthy subjects (12 females) and extracted gene expression data from the AHBA. We also calculated D2/D3 mRNA expression ratios to imitate the mixed D2/3 signal of [11C]-(+)-PHNO. In accordance with our a priori hypothesis, a strong correlation between [11C]-(+)-PHNO and DRD3 expression was found. However, there was no significant correlation with DRD2 expression. Calculated D2/D3 mRNA expression ratios also showed a positive correlation with [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding, reflecting the mixed D2/3 signal of the radioligand. Our study supports the usefulness of combining gene expression data from open access brain atlases with in vivo imaging data in order to gain more detailed knowledge on neurotransmitter signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Komorowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Heather L, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor JR. Dysregulation of Decision Making Related to Metabotropic Glutamate 5, but Not Midbrain D 3, Receptor Availability Following Cocaine Self-administration in Rats. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:777-787. [PMID: 32826065 PMCID: PMC8935943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compulsive patterns of drug use are thought to be the consequence of drug-induced adaptations in the neural mechanisms that enable behavior to be flexible. Neuroimaging studies have found evidence of robust alterations in glutamate and dopamine receptors within brain regions that are known to be critical for decision-making processes in cocaine-dependent individuals, and these changes have been argued to be the consequence of persistent drug use. The causal relationships among drug-induced alterations, cocaine taking, and maladaptive decision-making processes, however, are difficult to establish in humans. METHODS We assessed decision making in adult male rats using a probabilistic reversal learning task and used positron emission tomography with the [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [18F]FPEB radioligands to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 and metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor availability, respectively, before and after 21 days of cocaine or saline self-administration. Tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors were also conducted. RESULTS We found that self-administration of cocaine, but not of saline, disrupted behavior in the probabilistic reversal learning task measured by selective impairments in negative-outcome updating and also increased cortical mGlu5 receptor availability following 2 weeks of forced abstinence. D2/3 and, importantly, midbrain D3 receptor availability was not altered following 2 weeks of abstinence from cocaine. Notably, the degree of the cocaine-induced increase in cortical mGlu5 receptor availability was related to the degree of disruption in negative-outcome updating. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cocaine-induced changes in mGlu5 signaling may be a mechanism by which disruptions in negative-outcome updating emerge in cocaine-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Liu Heather
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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10
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Liu H, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor J. Midbrain D 3 Receptor Availability Predicts Escalation in Cocaine Self-administration. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:767-776. [PMID: 32312578 PMCID: PMC8954711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from neuroimaging studies suggest that disruptions in flexible decision-making functions in substance-dependent individuals are a consequence of drug-induced neural adaptations. In addicted populations, however, the causal relationship between biobehavioral phenotypes of susceptibility and addiction consequence is difficult to dissociate. Indeed, evidence from animals suggests that poor decision making due to preexisting biological factors can independently enhance the risk for developing addiction-like behaviors. Neuroimaging studies in animals provide a unique translational approach for the identification of the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate susceptibility to addiction. METHODS We used positron emission tomography in rats to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and assessed decision making using a probabilistic reversal learning task. Susceptibility to self-administer cocaine was then quantified for 21 days followed by tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors. RESULTS We found that deficits specifically in reward-guided choice behavior on the probabilistic reversal learning task predicted greater escalation of cocaine self-administration behavior and greater motivation for cocaine and, critically, were associated with higher midbrain D3 receptor availability. Additionally, individual differences in midbrain D3 receptor availability independently predicted the rate of escalation in cocaine-taking behaviors. No differences in mGluR5 availability, responses during tests of extinction, or cue-induced reinstatement were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that our identified D3-mediated decision-making phenotype can be used as a behavioral biomarker for assessment of cocaine use susceptibility in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro, LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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11
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Sharma PK, Wells L, Rizzo G, Elson JL, Passchier J, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Dexter DT, Pienaar IS. DREADD Activation of Pedunculopontine Cholinergic Neurons Reverses Motor Deficits and Restores Striatal Dopamine Signaling in Parkinsonian Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1120-1141. [PMID: 31965550 PMCID: PMC7609798 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brainstem-based pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) traditionally associates with motor function, but undergoes extensive degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), which correlates with axial motor deficits. PPN-deep brain stimulation (DBS) can alleviate certain symptoms, but its mechanism(s) of action remains unknown. We previously characterized rats hemi-intranigrally injected with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin, as an accurate preclinical model of PD. Here we used a combination of chemogenetics with positron emission tomography imaging for in vivo interrogation of discrete neural networks in this rat model of PD. Stimulation of excitatory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs expressed within PPN cholinergic neurons activated residual nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to produce profound motor recovery, which correlated with striatal dopamine efflux as well as restored dopamine receptor 1- and dopamine receptor 2-based medium spiny neuron activity, as was ascertained with c-Fos-based immunohistochemistry and stereological cell counts. By revealing that the improved axial-related motor functions seen in PD patients receiving PPN-DBS may be due to stimulation of remaining PPN cholinergic neurons interacting with dopaminergic ones in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and the striatum, our data strongly favor the PPN cholinergic-midbrain dopaminergic connectome as mechanism for PPN-DBS's therapeutic effects. These findings have implications for refining PPN-DBS as a promising treatment modality available to PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet K Sharma
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lisa Wells
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jan Passchier
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David T Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
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12
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Mitelman SA, Buchsbaum MS, Christian BT, Merrill BM, Buchsbaum BR, Mukherjee J, Lehrer DS. Positive association between cerebral grey matter metabolism and dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor availability in healthy and schizophrenia subjects: An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:368-382. [PMID: 31552783 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1671609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Overlapping decreases in extrastriatal dopamine D2/D3-receptor availability and glucose metabolism have been reported in subjects with schizophrenia. It remains unknown whether these findings are physiologically related or coincidental.Methods: To ascertain this, we used two consecutive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography scans in 19 healthy and 25 unmedicated schizophrenia subjects. Matrices of correlations between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and 18F-fallypride binding in voxels at the same xyz location and AFNI-generated regions of interest were evaluated in both diagnostic groups.Results:18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and 18F-fallypride binding potential were predominantly positively correlated across the striatal and extrastriatal grey matter in both healthy and schizophrenia subjects. In comparison to healthy subjects, significantly weaker correlations in subjects with schizophrenia were confirmed in the right cingulate gyrus and thalamus, including the mediodorsal, lateral dorsal, anterior, and midline nuclei. Schizophrenia subjects showed decreased D2/D3-receptor availability in the hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, thalamus and several thalamic nuclei, and increased glucose uptake in three lobules of the cerebellar vermis.Conclusions: Dopaminergic system may be involved in modulation of grey matter metabolism and neurometabolic coupling in both healthy human brain and psychopathology. Hyperdopaminergic state in untreated schizophrenia may at least partly account for the corresponding decreases in grey matter metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City,NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, IL, USA
| | - Monte S Buchsbaum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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13
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Girgis RR, Forbes A, Abi-Dargham A, Slifstein M. A positron emission tomography occupancy study of brexpiprazole at dopamine D 2 and D 3 and serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors, and serotonin reuptake transporters in subjects with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:786-792. [PMID: 31847007 PMCID: PMC7075883 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study (NCT01854944) was to assess D2/D3, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and serotonin transporter (SERT) occupancies of brexpiprazole in adult subjects with schizophrenia in order to identify the in vivo pharmacologic profile that may be relevant to the antipsychotic, antidepressant, and side effect profiles of the drug. Subjects were grouped into three independent cohorts of four subjects each. All subjects underwent positron emission tomography (PET) scans with two different radiotracers at baseline prior to brexpiprazole administration, and again on Day 10 after daily doses of either 4 mg (Cohorts 1 and 2), or 1 mg (Cohort 3). Cohort 1 received scans with [11C]-(+)-PHNO to measure D2 and D3 receptor occupancy and [11C]CUMI101 to measure 5-HT1A occupancy; Cohort 2 received [11C]MDL100907 for 5-HT2A occupancy and [11C]DASB for SERT occupancy; Cohort 3 underwent scanning with [11C]-(+)-PHNO and [11C]MDL100907. Five female and seven male subjects, aged 42 ± 8 years (range, 28-55 years), participated in this study. Dose dependency was observed at D2 receptors, with occupancies reaching 64 ± 8% (mean +/- SD) following 1 mg/day and 80 ± 12% following 4 mg/day. D3 receptor availability increased following 1 mg brexpiprazole treatment and did not change with 4 mg. Robust and dose-related occupancy was also observed at 5-HT2A receptors. Negligible occupancy (<5%) was observed at 5-HT1A and SERT at 4 mg/day. In summary, brexpiprazole demonstrated in vivo binding to D2 receptors and 5-HT2A receptors at steady state after 10 days of daily administration in a dose dependent manner, while binding to D3, 5-HT1A receptors and SERT was not detectable with the radiotracers used for these targets. This pharmacologic profile is consistent with the observed antipsychotic and antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragy R Girgis
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andy Forbes
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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14
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Smart K, Gallezot JD, Nabulsi N, Labaree D, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Carson RE, Hillmer AT, Worhunsky PD. Separating dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptor sources of [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential: Independent component analysis of competitive binding. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116762. [PMID: 32201327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of medications selective for dopamine D2 or D3 receptors is an active area of research in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including addiction and Parkinson's disease. The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO, an agonist that binds with high affinity to both D2 and D3 receptors, has been used to estimate relative receptor subtype occupancy by drugs based on a priori knowledge of regional variation in the expression of D2 and D3 receptors. The objective of this work was to use a data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) of receptor blocking scans to separate D2-and D3-related signal in [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding data in order to improve the precision of subtype specific measurements of binding and occupancy. Eight healthy volunteers underwent [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans at baseline and at two time points following administration of the D3-preferring antagonist ABT-728 (150-1000 mg). Parametric binding potential (BPND) images were analyzed as four-dimensional image series using ICA to extract two independent sources of variation in [11C]-(+)-PHNO BPND. Spatial source maps for each component were consistent with respective regional patterns of D2-and D3-related binding. ICA-derived occupancy estimates from each component were similar to D2-and D3-specific occupancy estimated from a region-based approach (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.95). ICA-derived estimates of D3 receptor occupancy improved quality of fit to a single site binding model. Furthermore, ICA-derived estimates of the regional fraction of [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding related to D3 receptors was generated for each subject and values showed good agreement with region-based model estimates and prior literature values. In summary, ICA successfully separated D2-and D3-related components of the [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding signal, establishing this approach as a powerful data-driven method to quantify distinct biological features from PET data composed of mixed data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Labaree
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Adams RA, Moutoussis M, Nour MM, Dahoun T, Lewis D, Illingworth B, Veronese M, Mathys C, de Boer L, Guitart-Masip M, Friston KJ, Howes OD, Roiser JP. Variability in Action Selection Relates to Striatal Dopamine 2/3 Receptor Availability in Humans: A PET Neuroimaging Study Using Reinforcement Learning and Active Inference Models. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3573-3589. [PMID: 32083297 PMCID: PMC7233027 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choosing actions that result in advantageous outcomes is a fundamental function of nervous systems. All computational decision-making models contain a mechanism that controls the variability of (or confidence in) action selection, but its neural implementation is unclear-especially in humans. We investigated this mechanism using two influential decision-making frameworks: active inference (AI) and reinforcement learning (RL). In AI, the precision (inverse variance) of beliefs about policies controls action selection variability-similar to decision 'noise' parameters in RL-and is thought to be encoded by striatal dopamine signaling. We tested this hypothesis by administering a 'go/no-go' task to 75 healthy participants, and measuring striatal dopamine 2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in a subset (n = 25) using [11C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography. In behavioral model comparison, RL performed best across the whole group but AI performed best in participants performing above chance levels. Limbic striatal D2/3R availability had linear relationships with AI policy precision (P = 0.029) as well as with RL irreducible decision 'noise' (P = 0.020), and this relationship with D2/3R availability was confirmed with a 'decision stochasticity' factor that aggregated across both models (P = 0.0006). These findings are consistent with occupancy of inhibitory striatal D2/3Rs decreasing the variability of action selection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK.,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michael Moutoussis
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Matthew M Nour
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tarik Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Declan Lewis
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Benjamin Illingworth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christoph Mathys
- Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, UK.,Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy.,Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke de Boer
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Guitart-Masip
- Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London WC1B 5EH, UK.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MRI Unit, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
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16
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Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, Girgis RR, Suckow RF, Cooper TB, Divgi CR, Sokoloff P, Leriche L, Carberry P, Oya S, Joseph SK, Guiraud M, Montagne A, Brunner V, Gaudoux F, Tonner F. Binding of the D3-preferring antipsychotic candidate F17464 to dopamine D3 and D2 receptors: a PET study in healthy subjects with [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:519-527. [PMID: 31773210 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE F17464, a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist with relatively high D3 selectivity (70 fold vs D2 in vitro), exhibits an antipsychotic profile in preclinical studies, and therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with schizophrenia (Bitter et al. Neuropsychopharmacology 44(11):1917-1924, 2019). OBJECTIVE This open-label study in healthy male subjects aimed at characterizing F17464 binding to D3/D2 receptors and the time course of receptor occupancy using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a D3-preferring tracer, [11C]-(+)-PHNO. METHODS PET scans were performed at baseline and following a single 30 mg or 15 mg dose of F17464 (3 subjects/dose), and blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Receptor occupancy was calculated based upon reduction in binding potential of the tracer following F17464 administration. The relationship between plasma F17464 concentration and D3/D2 receptor occupancy was modeled and the plasma concentration corresponding to 50% receptor occupancy (EC50) calculated. RESULTS Both doses of F17464 robustly blocked [11C]-(+)-PHNO D3 receptor binding, with substantial occupancy from 1 h post-administration, which increased at 6-9 h (89-98% and 79-87% for the 30 mg and 15 mg groups, respectively) and remained detectable at 22 h. In contrast, D2 binding was only modestly blocked at all time points (< 18%). F17464 exhibited a combination of rapid peripheral kinetics and hysteresis (persistence of binding 22 h post-dose despite low plasma concentration). The best estimate of the EC50 was 19 ng ml-1 (~ 40 nM). CONCLUSION Overall, F17464 was strongly D3-selective in healthy volunteers, a unique profile for an antipsychotic candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slifstein
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, HSC T-10-087I Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA.
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Ragy R Girgis
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raymond F Suckow
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thomas B Cooper
- Nathan Kline Research Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Chaitanya R Divgi
- Columbia University Medical Center Kreitchman PET Center, 772 W 168 Street, R-114, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Ludovic Leriche
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre (IRPF), 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Carberry
- Columbia University Medical Center Kreitchman PET Center, 772 W 168 Street, R-114, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shunichi Oya
- Columbia University Medical Center Kreitchman PET Center, 772 W 168 Street, R-114, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Simon K Joseph
- Columbia University Medical Center Kreitchman PET Center, 772 W 168 Street, R-114, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marlène Guiraud
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre (IRPF), 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Montagne
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre (IRPF), 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Florence Gaudoux
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre (IRPF), 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Tonner
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre (IRPF), 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
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17
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Weidenauer A, Bauer M, Sauerzopf U, Bartova L, Nics L, Pfaff S, Philippe C, Berroterán-Infante N, Pichler V, Meyer BM, Rabl U, Sezen P, Cumming P, Stimpfl T, Sitte HH, Lanzenberger R, Mossaheb N, Zimprich A, Rusjan P, Dorffner G, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Pezawas L, Kasper S, Wadsak W, Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M. On the relationship of first-episode psychosis to the amphetamine-sensitized state: a dopamine D 2/3 receptor agonist radioligand study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:2. [PMID: 32066718 PMCID: PMC7026156 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by increased behavioral and neurochemical responses to dopamine-releasing drugs. This prompted the hypothesis of psychosis as a state of "endogenous" sensitization of the dopamine system although the exact basis of dopaminergic disturbances and the possible role of prefrontal cortical regulation have remained uncertain. To show that patients with first-episode psychosis release more dopamine upon amphetamine-stimulation than healthy volunteers, and to reveal for the first time that prospective sensitization induced by repeated amphetamine exposure increases dopamine-release in stimulant-naïve healthy volunteers to levels observed in patients, we collected data on amphetamine-induced dopamine release using the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO and positron emission tomography. Healthy volunteers (n = 28, 14 female) underwent a baseline and then a post-amphetamine scan before and after a mildly sensitizing regimen of repeated oral amphetamine. Unmedicated patients with first-episode psychosis (n = 21; 6 female) underwent a single pair of baseline and then post-amphetamine scans. Furthermore, T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prefrontal cortex was performed. Patients with first-episode psychosis showed larger release of dopamine compared to healthy volunteers. After sensitization of healthy volunteers their dopamine release was significantly amplified and no longer different from that seen in patients. Healthy volunteers showed a negative correlation between prefrontal cortical volume and dopamine release. There was no such relationship after sensitization or in patients. Our data in patients with untreated first-episode psychosis confirm the "endogenous sensitization" hypothesis and support the notion of impaired prefrontal control of the dopamine system in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berroterán-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard M Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Rabl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Sezen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counseling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Georg Dorffner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Di Ciano P, Mansouri E, Tong J, Wilson AA, Houle S, Boileau I, Duvauchelle T, Robert P, Schwartz JC, Le Foll B. Occupancy of dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors by a novel D3 partial agonist BP1.4979: a [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO PET study in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1284-1290. [PMID: 30659274 PMCID: PMC6785153 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in the development of dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) partial agonists and antagonists for the treatment of substance use disorders. Pre-clinical evidence overwhelmingly supports the use of these drugs, but translation to humans has remained elusive due to the lack of selective compounds that are suitable for use in humans. Although it has been established for full antagonists, little in vivo occupancy data are available with DRD3 partial agonists. Here we investigate for the first time in healthy controls, the in vivo occupancy of a novel D3 partial agonist (BP1.4979) at the DRD3 and DRD2. Participants received either a single dose (1, 3, 10 or 30 mg) or a subchronic regimen (5-7 days, q.d. or b.i.d) of BP1.4979, with the last dose given at 1, 12 or 24 h prior to scanning with [11C]-(+)-PHNO. Single and subchronic administration of BP1.4979 dose-dependently occupied the DRD3 and DRD2, and this occupancy was preferential for the DRD3, notably at longer time points after administration of BP1.4979. Also consistent with preference for the DRD3, prolactin levels were minimally increased, and no subjective effects of BP1.4979 were reported. Serum levels of BP1.4979 were higher than its active metabolite, BP1.6239, while no notable increases in the inactive metabolite, BP1.6197, were found. These findings indicate the range of doses that can be used to occupy selectively the DRD3 over the DRD2 with BP1.4979 and speak to the use of in vivo imaging approaches in dose finding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Di Ciano
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTranslational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bAddiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bPreclinical imaging, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bHuman Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bAddiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bAddiction Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Addiction Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Deep TMS of the insula using the H-coil modulates dopamine release: a crossover [ 11C] PHNO-PET pilot trial in healthy humans. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1306-1317. [PMID: 29170944 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the function of the insular cortex could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat addiction to a variety of drugs of abuse as this region has been implicated in mediating drug reward and addictive processes. The recent advent of the H-coil has permitted the targeting of deeper brain structures which was not previously feasible. The goal of this study was to bilaterally target the insular region using the H-coil with repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and subsequently measure changes in dopamine levels using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with [11C]-(+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin (PHNO). This was a within-subject, crossover, blinded and sham-controlled pilot study. Eight healthy, right-handed subjects, aged 19-45, participated in the investigation. All subjects underwent 3 PHNO-PET scans preceded by rTMS (sham, 1 Hz or 10 Hz), on 3 separate days. Low frequency rTMS (1 Hz), targeting the insular cortex, significantly decreased dopamine levels in the substantia nigra, sensorimotor striatum and associative striatum. Replicating this study in tobacco smokers or alcoholics would be a logical follow-up to assess whether H-coil stimulation of the bilateral insula can be employed as a treatment option for addiction. Trial registration: NCT02212405.
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20
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Liow JS, Morse CL, Lu S, Frankland M, Tye GL, Zoghbi SS, Gladding RL, Shaik AB, Innis RB, Newman AH, Pike VW. [ O- methyl- 11C] N-(4-(4-(3-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxamide ([ 11C]BAK4-51) Is an Efflux Transporter Substrate and Ineffective for PET Imaging of Brain D₃ Receptors in Rodents and Monkey. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112737. [PMID: 30360553 PMCID: PMC6278341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective high-affinity antagonists for the dopamine D₃ receptor (D₃R) are sought for treating substance use disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) with an effective D₃R radioligand could be a useful tool for the development of such therapeutics by elucidating pharmacological specificity and target engagement in vivo. Currently, a D₃R-selective radioligand does not exist. The D₃R ligand, N-(4-(4-(3-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (BAK4-51, 1), has attractive properties for PET radioligand development, including full antagonist activity, very high D₃R affinity, D₃R selectivity, and moderate lipophilicity. We labeled 1 with the positron-emitter carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) in the methoxy group for evaluation as a radioligand in animals with PET. However, [11C]1 was found to be an avid substrate for brain efflux transporters and lacked D₃R-specific signal in rodent and monkey brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michael Frankland
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - George L Tye
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Robert L Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anver B Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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McDonell KE, van Wouwe NC, Harrison MB, Wylie SA, Claassen DO. Taq1A polymorphism and medication effects on inhibitory action control in Parkinson disease. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01008. [PMID: 29856137 PMCID: PMC6043698 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine therapy in Parkinson disease (PD) can have differential effects on inhibitory action control, or the ability to inhibit reflexive or impulsive actions. Dopamine agonist (DAAg) medications, which preferentially target D2 and D3 receptors, can either improve or worsen control of impulsive actions in patients with PD. We have reported that the direction of this effect depends on baseline levels of performance on inhibitory control tasks. This observation suggests that there may exist certain biologic determinants that contribute to these patient-specific differences. We hypothesized that one important factor might be functional polymorphisms in D2-like receptor genes. AIM The goal of this study was to determine whether the direction of DAAg effects on inhibitory control depends on functional polymorphisms in the DRD2 and DRD3 genes. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with PD were genotyped for known functional polymorphisms in DRD2 (rs6277 and rs1800497) and DRD3 (rs6280) receptors. These patients then completed the Simon conflict task both on and off DAAg therapy in a counterbalanced manner. RESULTS We found that patients with the rs1800497 Taq1A (A1) polymorphism (A1/A1 or A1/A2: 11 subjects) showed improved proficiency to suppress impulsive actions when on DAAg; conversely, patients with the A2/A2 allele (14 patients) became less proficient at suppressing incorrect response information on DAAg therapy (Group × Medication, F(1, 23) = 5.65, p < 0.05). Polymorphisms in rs6277 and rs6280 were not associated with a differential medication response. CONCLUSION These results suggest that certain DRD polymorphisms may determine the direction of DAAg effects on critical cognitive control processes impaired in PD. Our findings have implications for understanding pharmacogenomics interactions on a larger scale and the role these may play in the wide variability of treatment effects seen in the PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E McDonell
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nelleke C van Wouwe
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Scott A Wylie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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22
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Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors have key roles in behavioral reward, addiction, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, and there is interest in studying their role in these disorders using PET. However, current PET radiotracers for studying D3 receptors in humans all bind to both D2 and D3 due to similarities between the two receptors. Selective D2 and D3 radioligands would aid investigation of the differences between D2 and D3 circuitry in the central nervous system. While there are currently in vitro measures of ligand D3/D2 selectivity, there is a need for an in vivo PET measure of D3/D2 selectivity. This review discusses current PET imaging of dopamine D2/D3 receptors and proposes methodology for quantitating in vivo selectivity of probes for PET imaging of dopamine D3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyle J Labban
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Caravaggio F, Fervaha G, Browne CJ, Gerretsen P, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. Reward motivation in humans and its relationship to dopamine D 2/3 receptor availability: A pilot study with dual [ 11C]-raclopride and [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO imaging. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:357-366. [PMID: 29442593 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118756059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rodent studies suggest that dopamine signaling at D2/3 receptors in the ventral striatum is critical for reward motivation. Whether this is also true in humans is unclear. Positron emission tomography studies in healthy humans have generally not observed a relationship between D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum and motivation. We developed the "mounting-effort for reward task" to assess high motivational demand for (a) gaining money (CS+), (b) losing money or avoiding electric shock (CS-), and (c) non-reward (Neutral). Receipt was contingent on participants making sufficient button responses relative to a "reward-threshold" determined by prior motor performance. This reward-threshold was dynamically increased if surpassed, making the task increasingly more difficult on every trial. The mounting-effort for reward task was preliminarily validated in 29 healthy volunteers (mean age: 25.83±3.58; 15 female). In this sample, %CS+ and %CS- significantly correlated with different dimensions of self-reported apathy. In a sub-sample of eight healthy volunteers (mean age: 25.75±1.91; four female), the mounting-effort for reward task demonstrated good test-retest reliability (%variance: 0.20-2.61%). Seven healthy male volunteers (mean age: 31.14±5.43) completed the mounting-effort for reward task and provided both [11C]-raclopride and [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET scans to assess D2/3 receptor availability. %CS+ and %CS- were positively correlated with [11C]-raclopride binding in the dorsal striatum. %CS+, %Cs-, and %Neutral were positively correlated with [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the globus pallidus. Thus, increased expression of D2 receptors in the dorsal striatum, and D3 receptors in the globus pallidus, may be related to motivation for rewards. Larger positron emission tomography studies are required to formally validate the mounting-effort for reward task and replicate our pilot findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- 1 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Caleb J Browne
- 3 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,4 Section of Biopsychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- 1 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- 1 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- 1 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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24
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Bini J, Naganawa M, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Ropchan J, Lim K, Najafzadeh S, Herold KC, Cline GW, Carson RE. Evaluation of PET Brain Radioligands for Imaging Pancreatic β-Cell Mass: Potential Utility of 11C-(+)-PHNO. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1249-1254. [PMID: 29371405 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.197285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by a loss of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas and subsequent deficient insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia. Development of an in vivo test to measure β-cell mass (BCM) would greatly enhance the ability to track diabetes therapies. β-cells and neurologic tissues have common cellular receptors and transporters, therefore, we screened brain radioligands for their ability to identify β-cells. Methods: We examined a β-cell gene atlas for endocrine pancreas receptor targets and cross-referenced these targets with brain radioligands that were available at our institution. Twelve healthy control subjects and 2 T1DM subjects underwent dynamic PET/CT scans with 6 tracers. Results: The D2/D3 receptor agonist radioligand 11C-(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) was the only radioligand to demonstrate sustained uptake in the pancreas with high contrast versus abdominal organs such as the kidneys, liver, and spleen, based on the first 30 min of data. Mean SUV from 20 to 30 min demonstrated high uptake of 11C-(+)-PHNO in healthy controls (SUV, 13.8) with a 71% reduction in a T1DM subject with undetectable levels of C-peptide (SUV, 4.0) and a 20% reduction in a T1DM subject with fasting C-peptide level of 0.38 ng/mL (SUV, 11.0). SUV in abdominal organs outside the pancreas did not show measurable differences between the control and T1DM subjects, suggesting that the changes in SUV of 11C-(+)-PHNO may be specific to changes in the pancreas between healthy controls and T1DM subjects. When D3 and D2 antagonists were used in nonhuman primates, specific pancreatic binding (SUVR-1) of 11C-PHNO was reduced by 57% and 38%, respectively. Conclusion:11C-(+)-PHNO is a potential marker of BCM, with 2:1 binding of D3 receptors over D2 receptors. Further in vitro and in vivo studies to establish D2/D3 receptor specificity to β-cells is warranted to characterize 11C-(+)-PHNO as a candidate for clinical measurement of BCM in healthy control and diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Keunpoong Lim
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Kevan C Herold
- Department of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
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25
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Tournier BB, Dimiziani A, Tsartsalis S, Millet P, Ginovart N. Different effects of chronic THC on the neuroadaptive response of dopamine D2/3 receptor-mediated signaling in roman high- and roman low-avoidance rats. Synapse 2018; 72. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Tournier
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Andrea Dimiziani
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Laboratory for Translational Imaging in Psychiatric Neuroscience; University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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26
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de Natale ER, Niccolini F, Wilson H, Politis M. Molecular Imaging of the Dopaminergic System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:131-172. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Sander CY, Hesse S. News and views on in-vivo imaging of neurotransmission using PET and MRI. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2017; 61:414-428. [PMID: 28750497 PMCID: PMC5916779 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.17.03019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular neuroimaging with PET is an integrated tool in psychiatry research and drug-development for as long as this modality has been available, in particular for studying neurotransmission and endogenous neurotransmitter release. Pharmacologic, behavioral and other types of challenges are currently applied to induce changes in neurochemical levels that can be inferred through their effects on changes in receptor binding and related outcome measures. Based on the availability of tracers that are sensitive for measuring neurotransmitter release these experiments have focused on the brain's dopamine system, while recent developments have extended those studies to other targets such as the serotonin or choline system. With the introduction of hybrid, truly simultaneous PET/MRI systems, in-vivo imaging of the dynamics of neuroreceptor signal transmission in the brain using PET and functional MRI (fMRI) has become possible. fMRI has the ability to provide information about the effects of receptor function that are complementary to the PET measurement. Dynamic acquisition of both PET and fMRI signals enables not only an in-vivo real-time assessment of neurotransmitter or drug binding to receptors but also dynamic receptor adaptations and receptor-specific neurotransmission. While fMRI temporal resolution is comparatively fast in relation to PET, the timescale of observable biological processes is highly dependent on the kinetics of radiotracers and study design. Overall, the combination of the specificity of PET radiotracers to neuroreceptors, fMRI signal as a functional readout and integrated study design promises to expand our understanding of the location, propagation and connections of brain activity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Y Sander
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA -
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA -
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Treatment and Research Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Mach RH, Luedtke RR. Challenges in the development of dopamine D2- and D3-selective radiotracers for PET imaging studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:291-298. [PMID: 28857231 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D2-like receptors (ie, D2/3 receptors) have been the most extensively studied CNS receptor with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The 3 different radiotracers that have been used in these studies are [11 C]raclopride, [18 F]fallypride, and [11 C]PHNO. Because these radiotracers have a high affinity for both dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, the density of dopamine receptors in the CNS is reported as the D2/3 binding potential, which reflects a measure of the density of both receptor subtypes. Although the development of D2- and D3-selective PET radiotracers has been an active area of research for many years, this by and large presents an unmet need in the area of translational PET imaging studies. This article discusses some of the challenges that have inhibited progress in this area of research and the current status of the development of subtype selective radiotracers for imaging D3 and D2 dopamine receptors with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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29
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Caravaggio F, Ku Chung J, Plitman E, Boileau I, Gerretsen P, Kim J, Iwata Y, Patel R, Chakravarty MM, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. The relationship between subcortical brain volume and striatal dopamine D 2/3 receptor availability in healthy humans assessed with [ 11 C]-raclopride and [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO PET. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5519-5534. [PMID: 28752565 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in dopamine (DA) and brain morphology are observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is not fully understood how these abnormalities may relate to one another. For such in vivo findings to be used as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disease, it must be understood how variability in DA relates to brain structure under healthy conditions. We explored how the availability of striatal DA D2/3 receptors (D2/3 R) is related to the volume of subcortical brain structures in a sample of healthy humans. Differences in D2/3 R availability measured with an antagonist radiotracer ([11 C]-raclopride) versus an agonist radiotracer ([11 C]-(+)-PHNO) were examined. METHODS Data from 62 subjects scanned with [11 C]-raclopride (mean age = 38.98 ± 14.45; 23 female) and 68 subjects scanned with [11 C]-(+)-PHNO (mean age = 38.54 ± 14.59; 25 female) were used. Subcortical volumes were extracted from T1-weighted images using the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT-Brain) algorithm. Partial correlations were used controlling for age, gender, and total brain volume. RESULTS For [11 C]-(+)-PHNO, ventral caudate volumes were positively correlated with BPND in the dorsal caudate and globus pallidus (GP). Ventral striatum (VS) volumes were positively correlated with BPND in the VS. With [11 C]-raclopride, BPND in the VS was negatively correlated with subiculum volume of the hippocampus. Moreover, BPND in the GP was negatively correlated with the volume of the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. CONCLUSION Findings are purely exploratory and presented corrected and uncorrected for multiple comparisons. We hope they will help inform the interpretation of future PET studies where concurrent changes in D2/3 R and brain morphology are observed. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5519-5534, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Dopamine D3 Receptor Availability Is Associated with Inflexible Decision Making. J Neurosci 2017; 36:6732-41. [PMID: 27335404 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3253-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dopamine D2/3 receptor signaling is critical for flexible adaptive behavior; however, it is unclear whether D2, D3, or both receptor subtypes modulate precise signals of feedback and reward history that underlie optimal decision making. Here, PET with the radioligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO was used to quantify individual differences in putative D3 receptor availability in rodents trained on a novel three-choice spatial acquisition and reversal-learning task with probabilistic reinforcement. Binding of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO in the midbrain was negatively related to the ability of rats to adapt to changes in rewarded locations, but not to the initial learning. Computational modeling of choice behavior in the reversal phase indicated that [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the midbrain was related to the learning rate and sensitivity to positive, but not negative, feedback. Administration of a D3-preferring agonist likewise impaired reversal performance by reducing the learning rate and sensitivity to positive feedback. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for D3 receptors in select aspects of reinforcement learning and suggest that individual variation in midbrain D3 receptors influences flexible behavior. Our combined neuroimaging, behavioral, pharmacological, and computational approach implicates the dopamine D3 receptor in decision-making processes that are altered in psychiatric disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Flexible decision-making behavior is dependent upon dopamine D2/3 signaling in corticostriatal brain regions. However, the role of D3 receptors in adaptive, goal-directed behavior has not been thoroughly investigated. By combining PET imaging with the D3-preferring radioligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, pharmacology, a novel three-choice probabilistic discrimination and reversal task and computational modeling of behavior in rats, we report that naturally occurring variation in [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO receptor availability relates to specific aspects of flexible decision making. We confirm these relationships using a D3-preferring agonist, thus identifying a unique role of midbrain D3 receptors in decision-making processes.
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Worhunsky PD, Matuskey D, Gallezot JD, Gaiser EC, Nabulsi N, Angarita GA, Calhoun VD, Malison RT, Potenza MN, Carson RE. Regional and source-based patterns of [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO binding potential reveal concurrent alterations in dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptor availability in cocaine-use disorder. Neuroimage 2017; 148:343-351. [PMID: 28110088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine type 2 and type 3 receptors (D2R/D3R) appear critical to addictive disorders. Cocaine-use disorder (CUD) is associated with lower D2R availability and greater D3R availability in regions primarily expressing D2R or D3R concentrations, respectively. However, these CUD-related alterations in D2R and D3R have not been concurrently detected using available dopaminergic radioligands. Furthermore, receptor availability in regions of mixed D2R/D3R concentration in CUD remains unclear. The current study aimed to extend investigations of CUD-related alterations in D2R and D3R availability using regional and source-based analyses of [11C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography (PET) of 26 individuals with CUD and 26 matched healthy comparison (HC) participants. Regional analysis detected greater binding potential (BPND) in CUD in the midbrain, consistent with prior [11C]-(+)-PHNO research, and lower BPND in CUD in the dorsal striatum, consistent with research using non-selective D2R/D3R radiotracers. Exploratory independent component analysis (ICA) identified three sources of BPND (striatopallidal, pallidonigral, and mesoaccumbens sources) that represent systems of brain regions displaying coherent variation in receptor availability. The striatopallidal source was associated with estimates of regional D2R-related proportions of BPND (calculated using independent reports of [11C]-(+)-PHNO receptor binding fractions), was lower in intensity in CUD and negatively associated with years of cocaine use. By comparison, the pallidonigral source was associated with estimates of regional D3R distribution, was greater in intensity in CUD and positively associated with years of cocaine use. The current study extends previous D2R/D3R research in CUD, demonstrating both lower BPND in the D2R-rich dorsal striatum and greater BPND in the D3R-rich midbrain using a single radiotracer. In addition, exploratory ICA identified sources of [11C]-(+)-PHNO BPND that were correlated with regional estimates of D2R-related and D3R-related proportions of BPND, were consistent with regional differences in CUD, and suggest receptor alterations in CUD may also be present in regions of mixed D2R/D3R concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Worhunsky
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Edward C Gaiser
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robert T Malison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Pittenger C. Histidine Decarboxylase Knockout Mice as a Model of the Pathophysiology of Tourette Syndrome and Related Conditions. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:189-215. [PMID: 28233179 PMCID: PMC5538774 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While the normal functions of histamine (HA) in the central nervous system have gradually come into focus over the past 30 years, the relationship of abnormalities in neurotransmitter HA to human disease has been slower to emerge. New insight came with the 2010 description of a rare nonsense mutation in the biosynthetic enzyme histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) that was associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) and related conditions in a single family pedigree. Subsequent genetic work has provided further support for abnormalities of HA signaling in sporadic TS. As a result of this genetic work, Hdc knockout mice, which were generated more than 15 years ago, have been reexamined as a model of the pathophysiology of TS and related conditions. Parallel work in these KO mice and in human carriers of the Hdc mutation has revealed abnormalities in the basal ganglia system and its modulation by dopamine (DA) and has confirmed the etiologic, face, and predictive validity of the model. The Hdc-KO model thus serves as a unique platform to probe the pathophysiology of TS and related conditions, and to generate specific hypotheses for subsequent testing in humans. This chapter summarizes the development and validation of this model and recent and ongoing work using it to further investigate pathophysiological changes that may contribute to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pittenger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale Child Study Center, and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, W315, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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Weinstein JJ, Chohan MO, Slifstein M, Kegeles LS, Moore H, Abi-Dargham A. Pathway-Specific Dopamine Abnormalities in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:31-42. [PMID: 27206569 PMCID: PMC5177794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In light of the clinical evidence implicating dopamine in schizophrenia and the prominent hypotheses put forth regarding alterations in dopaminergic transmission in this disease, molecular imaging has been used to examine multiple aspects of the dopaminergic system. We review the imaging methods used and compare the findings across the different molecular targets. Findings have converged to suggest early dysregulation in the striatum, especially in the rostral caudate, manifesting as excess synthesis and release. Recent data showed deficit extending to most cortical regions and even to other extrastriatal subcortical regions not previously considered to be "hypodopaminergic" in schizophrenia. These findings yield a new topography for the dopaminergic dysregulation in schizophrenia. We discuss the dopaminergic innervation within the individual projection fields to provide a topographical map of this dual dysregulation and explore potential cellular and circuit-based mechanisms for brain region-dependent alterations in dopaminergic parameters. This refined knowledge is essential to better guide translational studies and efforts in early drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi J. Weinstein
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY,New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Translational Imaging,Corresponding author: Jodi Weinstein, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 31, New York, New York 10032, +1-646-774-8123,
| | - Muhammad O. Chohan
- New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Integrative Neuroscience
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY,New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Translational Imaging
| | - Lawrence S. Kegeles
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY,New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Translational Imaging
| | - Holly Moore
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY,New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Integrative Neuroscience
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY,New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Translational Imaging
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van de Giessen E, Weinstein JJ, Cassidy CM, Haney M, Dong Z, Ghazzaoui R, Ojeil N, Kegeles LS, Xu X, Vadhan NP, Volkow ND, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A. Deficits in striatal dopamine release in cannabis dependence. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:68-75. [PMID: 27001613 PMCID: PMC5033654 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most drugs of abuse lead to a general blunting of dopamine release in the chronic phase of dependence, which contributes to poor outcome. To test whether cannabis dependence is associated with a similar dopaminergic deficit, we examined striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release in severely cannabis-dependent participants (CD), free of any comorbid conditions, including nicotine use. Eleven CD and 12 healthy controls (HC) completed two positron emission tomography scans with [11C]-(+)-PHNO, before and after oral administration of d-amphetamine. CD stayed inpatient for 5-7 days prior to the scans to standardize abstinence. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measures of glutamate in the striatum and hippocampus were obtained in the same subjects. Percent change in [11C]-(+)-PHNO-binding potential (ΔBPND) was compared between groups and correlations with MRS glutamate, subclinical psychopathological and neurocognitive parameters were examined. CD had significantly lower ΔBPND in the striatum (P=0.002, effect size (ES)=1.48), including the associative striatum (P=0.003, ES=1.39), sensorimotor striatum (P=0.003, ES=1.41) and the pallidus (P=0.012, ES=1.16). Lower dopamine release in the associative striatum correlated with inattention and negative symptoms in CD, and with poorer working memory and probabilistic category learning performance in both CD and HC. No relationships to MRS glutamate and amphetamine-induced subclinical positive symptoms were detected. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that severe cannabis dependence-without the confounds of any comorbidity-is associated with a deficit in striatal dopamine release. This deficit extends to other extrastriatal areas and predicts subclinical psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jodi J. Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Clifford M. Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Margaret Haney
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Rassil Ghazzaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Najate Ojeil
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Lawrence S. Kegeles
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Nehal P. Vadhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
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Politis M, Pagano G, Niccolini F. Imaging in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 132:233-274. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mukherjee J, Majji D, Kaur J, Constantinescu CC, Narayanan TK, Shi B, Nour MT, Pan ML. PET radiotracer development for imaging high-affinity state of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors: Binding studies of fluorine-18 labeled aminotetralins in rodents. Synapse 2016; 71. [PMID: 27864853 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Imaging the high-affinity, functional state (HA) of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors has been pursued in PET imaging studies of various brain functions. We report further evaluation of 18 F-5-OH-FPPAT, and the newer 18 F-5-OH-FHXPAT and 18 F-7-OH-FHXPAT. Syntheses of 18 F-5-OH-FHXPAT and 18 F-7-OH-FHXPAT were improved by modifications of our previously reported procedures. Brain slices and brain homogenates from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used with the 3 radiotracers (74-111 kBq/cc). Competition with dopamine (1-100 nM) and Gpp(NH)p (10-50 µM) were carried out to demonstrate binding to dopamine D2 and D3 HA-states and binding kinetics of 18 F-5-OH-FPPAT measured. Ex vivo brain slice autoradiography was carried out on rats administered with 18 F-5-OH-FHXPAT to ascertain HA-state binding. PET/CT imaging in rats and wild type (WT) and D2 knock-out mice were carried out using 18 F-7-OH-FHXPAT (2-37 MBq). Striatum was clearly visualized by the three radiotracers in brain slices and dopamine displaced more than 80% of binding, with dissociation rate in homogenates of 2.2 × 10-2 min-1 for 18 F-5-OH-FPPAT. Treatment with Gpp(NH)p significantly reduced 50-80% striatal binding with faster dissociation rates (5.0 × 10-2 min-1 ), suggesting HA-state binding of 18 F-5-OH-FPPAT and 18 F-5-OH-FHXPAT. Striatal binding of 18 F-5-OH-FHXPAT in ex vivo brain slices were sensitive to Gpp(NH)p, suggesting HA-state binding in vivo. PET binding ratios of 18 F-7-OH-FHXPAT in rat brain were ventral striatum/cerebellum = 2.09 and dorsal striatum/cerebellum = 1.65; similar binding ratios were found in the D2 WT mice. These results suggest that in vivo PET measures of agonists in the brain at least in part reflect binding to the membrane-bound HA-state of the dopamine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Divya Majji
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Cristian C Constantinescu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Tanjore K Narayanan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kettering Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, 45429, USA
| | - Bingzhi Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kettering Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, 45429, USA
| | - Mohamed T Nour
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Min-Liang Pan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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Pagano G, Molloy S, Bain PG, Rabiner EA, Chaudhuri KR, Brooks DJ, Pavese N. Sleep problems and hypothalamic dopamine D3 receptor availability in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2016; 87:2451-2456. [PMID: 27807182 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hypothalamic D3 dopamine receptor availability and severity of sleep problems in Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Twelve patients were assessed with PET and the high-affinity dopamine D3 receptor radioligand [11C]-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin ([11C]-PHNO). Severity of sleep problems was rated with appropriate subitems of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part I (patient questionnaire) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS We found that lower dopamine D3 receptor availability measured with [11C]-PHNO PET was associated with greater severity of excessive daytime sleepiness but not with problems of falling asleep or insomnia. CONCLUSION In our cohort of patients with PD, the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness was linked to reductions in hypothalamic dopamine D3 receptor availability. If these preliminary findings are confirmed in larger cohorts of patients with polysomnographic characterization, selective pharmacologic modulation of the dopaminergic D3 system could be used to increase daytime alertness in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pagano
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sophie Molloy
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter G Bain
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicola Pavese
- From the Division of Brain Sciences (G.P., P.G.B., D.J.B., N.P.), Imperial College London; Imperial College NHS Trust (S.M.); Imanova Ltd (E.A.R.); National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence (E.A.R.), King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and King's College London; Institute of Neuroscience (D.J.B., N.P.), Newcastle University, UK; and Institute of Clinical Medicine (D.J.B., N.P.), University of Aarhus, Denmark.
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Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A. Recent Developments in Molecular Brain Imaging of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Semin Nucl Med 2016; 47:54-63. [PMID: 27987558 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging with PET or SPECT has been an important research tool in psychiatry for as long as these modalities have been available. Here, we discuss two areas of neuroimaging relevant to current psychiatry research. The first is the use of imaging to study neurotransmission. We discuss the use of pharmacologic probes to induce changes in levels of neurotransmitters that can be inferred through their effects on outcome measures of imaging experiments, from their historical origins focusing on dopamine transmission through recent developments involving serotonin, GABA, and glutamate. Next, we examine imaging of neuroinflammation in the context of psychiatry. Imaging markers of neuroinflammation have been studied extensively in other areas of brain research, but they have more recently attracted interest in psychiatry research, based on accumulating evidence that there may be an inflammatory component to some psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, new probes are under development that would allow unprecedented insights into cellular processes. In summary, molecular imaging would continue to offer great potential as a unique tool to further our understanding of brain function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, New York, NY.
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, New York, NY
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. The dopamine D3 receptor, a quarter century later. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Girgis RR, Slifstein M, D'Souza D, Lee Y, Periclou A, Ghahramani P, Laszlovszky I, Durgam S, Adham N, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Carson RE, Kiss B, Kapás M, Abi-Dargham A, Rakhit A. Preferential binding to dopamine D3 over D2 receptors by cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia using PET with the D3/D2 receptor ligand [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3503-12. [PMID: 27525990 PMCID: PMC5035321 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Second-generation antipsychotics occupy dopamine D2 receptors and act as antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors. While these drugs alleviate positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, they are less effective for treating cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. Dopamine D3 receptors are highly expressed in areas of the brain thought to play a role in the regulation of motivation and reward-related behavior. Consequently, the dopamine D3 receptor has become a target for treating negative symptoms in combination with D2 antagonism to treat positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the cariprazine receptor occupancies in brain for D2 and D3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Using [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO as a radioligand, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in eight patients at baseline and postdose on days 1, 4, and 15. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for cariprazine concentrations. RESULTS A monotonic dose-occupancy relationship was observed for both receptor types. After 2 weeks of treatment, near complete (∼100 %) occupancies were observed for both receptors at a dose of 12 mg/day. At the lowest cariprazine dose (1 mg/day), mean D3 and D2 receptor occupancies were 76 and 45 %, respectively, suggesting selectivity for D3 over D2 receptors at low doses. An exposure-response analysis found a ∼3-fold difference in EC50 (D3 = 3.84 nM and D2 = 13.03 nM) in plasma after 2 weeks of dosing. CONCLUSION This PET imaging study in patients with schizophrenia demonstrated that cariprazine is a D3-preferring dual D3/D2 receptor partial agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragy R Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 31, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mark Slifstein
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak D'Souza
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yih Lee
- Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, NJ, USA
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, LLC, Richmond, VA, 23230, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nika Adham
- Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale PET Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Béla Kiss
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Tournier BB, Tsartsalis S, Dimiziani A, Millet P, Ginovart N. Time-dependent effects of repeated THC treatment on dopamine D2/3 receptor-mediated signalling in midbrain and striatum. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Salomone S, Drago F. Current drug treatments targeting dopamine D3 receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:164-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Di Ciano P, Guranda M, Lagzdins D, Tyndale RF, Gamaleddin I, Selby P, Boileau I, Le Foll B. Varenicline-Induced Elevation of Dopamine in Smokers: A Preliminary [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1513-20. [PMID: 26442600 PMCID: PMC4832011 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Varenicline, a nicotinic partial agonist, is the most effective treatment for tobacco use disorder. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear and may involve stimulating dopaminergic transmission. Here we used PET imaging with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO to explore for the first time the impact of varenicline on dopamine transmission in the D2-rich striatum and D3-rich extra-striatal regions and its relationship with craving, withdrawal and smoking. Eleven treatment-seeking smokers underwent two PET scans with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, each following 12-h overnight smoking abstinence both prior to receiving varenicline and following 10-11 days of varenicline treatment (ie, at steady-state drug levels). Subjective measures of craving and urges to smoke were also assessed on the days of the PET scans. Varenicline treatment significantly reduced [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the dorsal caudate (p=0.008) and reduced some craving measures. These findings provide the first evidence that varenicline is able to increase DA levels in the human brain, a factor that may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Di Ciano
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mihail Guranda
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dina Lagzdins
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Islam Gamaleddin
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter Selby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatment Program, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addiction Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatment Program, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Caravaggio F, Chung JK, Gerretsen P, Fervaha G, Nakajima S, Plitman E, Iwata Y, Wilson A, Graff-Guerrero A. Exploring the relationship between social attachment and dopamine D 2/3 receptor availability in the brains of healthy humans using [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:163-173. [PMID: 26873034 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1152997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Differences in striatal dopamine (DA) function may be related to differences in the degree of social attachment to others. Using positron emission tomography (PET), socially detached persons demonstrate reduced DA D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in the striatum. However, previous PET studies have only used antagonist radiotracers for D2/3R and have not specifically examined regions of interest (ROIs) such as the ventral striatum (VS). In 32 healthy persons, we investigated the relationship between self-reported attachment and DA D2/3R availability in striatal and extrastriatal ROIs as measured using the agonist radiotracer [11C]-(+)-PHNO. Surprisingly, more social attachment-as measured by the attachment subscale of the temperament and character inventory-was related to less [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the VS (r(30) = -.43, p = .01). This relationship held in a subsample who also completed the detachment subscale of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (r(10) = .62, p = .03). However, no relationships were observed with BPND in the dorsal striatum or D3R-specific ROIs. One potential explanation for these findings is that persons who are more socially detached have less endogenous DA occupying D2/3R in the VS. This interpretation warrants investigation by future research. These findings may help us better understand the neurochemical basis of attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Eric Plitman
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Alan Wilson
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- a Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8.,b Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5S 1A8.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5T 1R8
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Occupancy of Dopamine D3 and D2 Receptors by Buspirone: A [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study in Humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:529-37. [PMID: 26089182 PMCID: PMC5130128 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in blocking the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) versus the D2 receptor (DRD2) to treat drug addiction. However, there are currently no selective DRD3 antagonists available in the clinic. The anxiolytic drug buspirone has been proposed as a potential strategy as findings suggest that this drug has high in vitro affinity for DRD3, binds to DRD3 in brain of living non-human primate, and also disrupts psychostimulant self-administration in preclinical models. No study has explored the occupancy of DRD3 by buspirone in humans. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and the D3-preferring probe, [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, to test the hypothesis that buspirone will occupy (decreases [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding) the DRD3 more readily than the DRD2. Eight healthy participants underwent [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO scans after single oral dose administration of placebo and 30, 60, and 120 mg of buspirone in a single-blind within-subjects design. [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in DRD2- and DRD3-rich areas was decreased by the highest (60-120 mg), but not the lowest (30 mg), doses of buspirone. The maximal occupancy obtained was ~25% in both areas. Plasma levels of prolactin (a DRD2 marker) correlated with percentage occupancy after orally administered buspirone. Self-reported dizziness and drowsiness increased after buspirone but that did not correlate with receptor occupancy in any region. Overall, the modest occupancy of DRD2 and DRD3 even at high acute doses of buspirone, yielding high levels of metabolites, suggests that buspirone may not be a good drug to preferentially block DRD3 in humans.
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Mukherjee J, Constantinescu CC, Hoang AT, Jerjian T, Majji D, Pan ML. Dopamine D3 receptor binding of (18)F-fallypride: Evaluation using in vitro and in vivo PET imaging studies. Synapse 2015; 69:577-91. [PMID: 26422464 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) in vivo is important to understand several brain functions related to addiction. The goal of this work was to identify D3R binding of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)/D3R imaging agent, (18)F-fallypride. Brain slices from male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6) and New Zealand White rabbits (n = 6) were incubated with (18)F-fallypride and D3R selective agonist (R)-7-OH-DPAT (98-fold D3R selective). Rat slices were also treated with BP 897 (68-fold D3R selective partial agonist) and NGB 2904 (56-fold D3R selective antagonist). In vivo rat studies (n = 6) were done on Inveon PET using 18-37 MBq (18)F-fallypride and drug-induced displacement by (R)-7-OH-DPAT, BP 897 and NGB 2904. PET/CT imaging of wild type (WT, n = 2) and D2R knock-out (KO, n = 2) mice were carried out with (18)F-fallypride. (R)-7-OH-DPAT displaced binding of (18)F-fallypride, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, at 10 nM (R)-7-OH-DPAT, (18)F-fallypride binding in the rat ventral striatum (VST) and dorsal striatum (DST) and rabbit nucleus accumbens were reduced by ∼10-15%. At 10 μM (R)-7-OH-DPAT all regions in rat and rabbit were reduced by ≥85%. In vivo reductions for DST and VST before and after (R)-7-OH-DPAT were: low-dose (0.015 mg kg(-1)) DST -22%, VST -29%; high-dose (1.88 mg kg(-1)) DST -58%, VST -77%, suggesting D3R/D2R displacement. BP 897 and NGB 2904 competed with (18)F-fallypride in vitro, but unlike BP 897, NGB 2904 did not displace (18)F-fallypride in vivo. The D2R KO mice lacked (18)F-fallypride binding in the DST. In summary, our findings suggest that up to 20% of (18)F-fallypride may be bound to D3R sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Cristian C Constantinescu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Angela T Hoang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Taleen Jerjian
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Divya Majji
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Min-Liang Pan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697
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Girgis RR, Xu X, Gil RB, Hackett E, Ojeil N, Lieberman JA, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A. Antipsychotic binding to the dopamine-3 receptor in humans: A PET study with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:373-6. [PMID: 26190300 PMCID: PMC4591174 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All currently available antipsychotic medications bind to both the dopamine-2 (D2) and dopamine-3 (D3) receptors in vitro. However, there is conflicting evidence from in vivo studies about whether or not antipsychotic medications bind to the D3 receptor (D3R). The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute doses of risperidone bind to the D3R in humans. METHODS We performed PET scans on an mCT scanner with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO injected as a bolus, before and after a 2mg oral dose of risperidone in five medication free subjects with schizophrenia. The subjects were scanned for 120min and underwent an MRI scan for region of interest delineation and coregistration. Cerebellum was used as a reference region. Simplified reference tissue modeling (SRTM) was used to calculate BPND. RESULTS We observed binding to the D3R receptor by risperidone as evidenced by observable occupancy in regions in which the [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO signal is almost exclusively from the D3R (i.e., substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area). Using a regression model to estimate D2R:D3R selectivity, we observed a D2R:D3R selectivity of 2.1 for risperidone. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results provide further support that acute doses of antipsychotic medications bind to the D3R and provide additional support for the further development of this receptor as a treatment target in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragy R. Girgis
- Corresponding author, Tel. +1 646 774 5553; fax: +1 212 568 6171.
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Lobo DSS, Aleksandrova L, Knight J, Casey DM, el-Guebaly N, Nobrega JN, Kennedy JL. Addiction-related genes in gambling disorders: new insights from parallel human and pre-clinical models. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1002-10. [PMID: 25266122 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurobiological research supports the characterization of disordered gambling (DG) as a behavioral addiction. Recently, an animal model of gambling behavior was developed (rat gambling task, rGT), expanding the available tools to investigate DG neurobiology. We investigated whether rGT performance and associated risk gene expression in the rat's brain could provide cross-translational understanding of the neuromolecular mechanisms of addiction in DG. We genotyped tagSNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in 38 addiction-related genes in 400 DG and 345 non-DG subjects. Genes with P<0.1 in the human association analyses were selected to be investigated in the animal arm to determine whether their mRNA expression in rats was associated with the rat's performance on the rGT. In humans, DG was significantly associated with tagSNPs in DRD3 (rs167771) and CAMK2D (rs3815072). Our results suggest that age and gender might moderate the association between CAMK2D and DG. Moderation effects could not be investigated due to sample power. In the animal arm, only the association between rGT performance and Drd3 expression remained significant after Bonferroni correction for 59 brain regions. As male rats were used, gender effects could not be investigated. Our results corroborate previous findings reporting the involvement of DRD3 receptor in addictions. To our knowledge, the use of human genetics, pre-clinical models and gene expression as a cross-translation paradigm has not previously been attempted in the field of addictions. The cross-validation of human findings in animal models is crucial for improving the translation of basic research into clinical treatments, which could accelerate neurobiological and pharmacological investigations in addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S S Lobo
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Aleksandrova
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Knight
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D M Casey
- Mental Health Commission of Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N el-Guebaly
- Division of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J N Nobrega
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J L Kennedy
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Niccolini F, Rocchi L, Politis M. Molecular imaging of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2107-17. [PMID: 25681866 PMCID: PMC11113208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) occur in the majority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) following years of levodopa treatment. The pathophysiology underlying LIDs in PD is poorly understood, and current treatments generate only minor benefits for the patients. Studies with positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging have demonstrated that in advanced PD patients, levodopa administration induces sharp increases in striatal dopamine levels, which correlate with LIDs severity. Fluctuations in striatal dopamine levels could be the result of the attenuated buffering ability in the dopaminergically denervated striatum. Lines of evidence from PET studies indicate that serotonergic terminals could also be responsible for the development of LIDs in PD by aberrantly processing exogenous levodopa and by releasing dopamine in a dysregulated manner from the serotonergic terminals. Additionally, other downstream mechanisms involving glutamatergic, cannabinoid, opioid, cholinergic, adenosinergic, and noradrenergic systems may contribute in the development of LIDs. In this article, we review the findings from preclinical, clinical, and molecular imaging studies, which have contributed to our understanding the pathophysiology of LIDs in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Niccolini
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
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