1
|
Gogoi B, Acharjee SA, Bharali P, Sorhie V, Walling B, Alemtoshi. A critical review on the ecotoxicity of heavy metal on multispecies in global context: A bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118280. [PMID: 38272294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) have become a significant concern in the current era, with deleterious effects on diverse living organisms when exposed beyond threshold concentrations. Both nature and human beings have been constantly casting out HMs into environmental matrices through various activities. Innumerable cases of threatened diseases such as cancer, respiratory ailments, reproductive defects, skin diseases, and several others have been a cause of significant concern for humans as the number of instances has been increasing with each decade. HMs migrates via several pathways to infiltrate biological organisms and amass within them. Even though numerous treatment approaches are available for remediating HM pollution, however, they are expensive, along with other setbacks. Due to such constraints, combating HM contamination requires environmentally conscious strategies like bioremediation, which employs an array of biological systems to remove HMs from the environment. Nonetheless, to address the current global HM pollution situation, it is critical to comprehend not only how these hazardous HMs cause toxicity in various living organisms but also the knowledge gaps that currently exist concerning the subject of HM ecotoxicity. In the present investigation, data was extracted from Google Scholar using software program called Harzing's Publish or Perish. The collected information has been subsequently displayed as a network file using the VOSViewer software tool. Thus, the current review presents a significant insight with the inclusion of a readily accessible bibliometric analysis to comprehend the present status of HMs research, global research trends, existing knowledge discrepancies, and research challenges. Further, it also provides an in-depth review of HMs ecotoxicity, with a focus on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Thus, as indicated by the bibliometric study, the present review will assist future investigators studying HMs ecotoxicity by providing baseline data concerning a wide range of living organisms and by addressing research gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyudoy Gogoi
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, HQ: Lumami, Zunheboto-798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Shiva Aley Acharjee
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, HQ: Lumami, Zunheboto-798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Pranjal Bharali
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, HQ: Lumami, Zunheboto-798627, Nagaland, India.
| | - Viphrezolie Sorhie
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, HQ: Lumami, Zunheboto-798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Bendangtula Walling
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, HQ: Lumami, Zunheboto-798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Alemtoshi
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, HQ: Lumami, Zunheboto-798627, Nagaland, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ejaz U, Khan SM, Khalid N, Ahmad Z, Jehangir S, Fatima Rizvi Z, Lho LH, Han H, Raposo A. Detoxifying the heavy metals: a multipronged study of tolerance strategies against heavy metals toxicity in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154571. [PMID: 37251771 PMCID: PMC10215007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations exceeding permissible limits threaten human life, plant life, and all other life forms. Different natural and anthropogenic activities emit toxic heavy metals in the soil, air, and water. Plants consume toxic heavy metals from their roots and foliar part inside the plant. Heavy metals may interfere with various aspects of the plants, such as biochemistry, bio-molecules, and physiological processes, which usually translate into morphological and anatomical changes. They use various strategies to deal with the toxic effects of heavy metal contamination. Some of these strategies include restricting heavy metals to the cell wall, vascular sequestration, and synthesis of various biochemical compounds, such as phyto-chelators and organic acids, to bind the free moving heavy metal ions so that the toxic effects are minimized. This review focuses on several aspects of genetics, molecular, and cell signaling levels, which integrate to produce a coordinated response to heavy metal toxicity and interpret the exact strategies behind the tolerance of heavy metals stress. It is suggested that various aspects of some model plant species must be thoroughly studied to comprehend the approaches of heavy metal tolerance to put that knowledge into practical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujala Ejaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Member Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Jehangir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business, Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Peng X, Wang X, Zhuang W. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1182. [PMID: 36904042 PMCID: PMC10007383 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the second most consumed drink in the world. Rapid industrialization has caused various impacts on nature and increased pollution by heavy metals. However, the molecular mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) tolerance and accumulation in tea plants are poorly understood. The present study focused on the effects of heavy metals Cd and As on tea plants. Transcriptomic regulation of tea roots after Cd and As exposure was analyzed to explore the candidate genes involved in Cd and As tolerance and accumulation. In total, 2087, 1029, 1707, and 366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in Cd1 (with Cd treatment for 10 days) vs. CK (without Cd treatment), Cd2 (with Cd treatment for 15 days) vs. CK, As1 (with As treatment for 10 days) vs. CK (without Cd treatment), and As2 (with As treatment for 15 days) vs. CK, respectively. Analysis of DEGs showed that a total of 45 DEGs with the same expression patterns were identified in four pairwise comparison groups. One ERF transcription factor (CSS0000647) and six structural genes (CSS0033791, CSS0050491, CSS0001107, CSS0019367, CSS0006162, and CSS0035212) were only increased at 15 d of Cd and As treatments. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the transcription factor (CSS0000647) was positively correlated with five structural genes (CSS0001107, CSS0019367, CSS0006162, CSS0033791, and CSS0035212). Moreover, one gene (CSS0004428) was significantly upregulated in both Cd and As treatments, suggesting that these genes might play important roles in enhancing the tolerance to Cd and As stresses. These results provide candidate genes to enhance multi-metal tolerance through the genetic engineering technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuqian Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed S, Khan M, Sardar R. Glutathione primed seed improved lead-stress tolerance in Brassica rapa L. through modulation of physio-biochemical attributes and nutrient uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1614-1624. [PMID: 37773032 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2178380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is a major environmental issue that affects all life forms, including plants. The accumulation of lead (Pb) in agricultural soils is a significant contributor to reduced crop yields, and it poses serious health risks to people who consume lead-contaminated agricultural products. The current study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effects of glutathione (GSH) on the amelioration of stress induced by Pb (300 mg kg-1 Pb) in Brassica rapa L. (turnip). For this purpose, B. rapa seeds primed with 25, 50, and 75 µmol L-1. The root and shoot length, seedling biomass, and leaf area, was reduced under Pb stress. Lead toxicity inhibited the net photosynthetic rate (31.36%), total chlorophyll content (74.54%) of B. rapa plants in comparison to control. Lead-stressed plants additionally exhibited changes in proline levels, as well as lower levels of total soluble protein and phenolic content. Nevertheless, seed priming with GSH resulted in higher concentrations of the nutritional content (Mg+2, Zn+2, Na+, K+) that increased Pb stress tolerance. The GSH2 treated seed enhanced the photosynthetic rate (46.34%), stomatal conductance (80.55%), and transpiration rate (53.125%) over Pb stress. Furthermore, GSH2 enhanced total soluble proteins (37.75%), phenolic content (58.38%), and DPPH (1.5fold) of turnip plant over control seedlings. According to our research, GSH2 primed B. rapa seed demonstrated a reduction in Pb toxicity, which could be used to help seedling establishment in soils contaminated with Pb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mawra Khan
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tunçtürk M, Rezaee Danesh Y, Tunçtürk R, Oral E, Najafi S, Nohutçu L, Jalal A, da Silva Oliveira CE, Filho MCMT. Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) Response to Cadmium Stress: Morpho-Physiological Traits and Mineral Concentrations. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010135. [PMID: 36676083 PMCID: PMC9861005 DOI: 10.3390/life13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a widely distributed heavy metal in agricultural soils that affects plant growth and productivity. In this context, the current study investigated the effects of different cadmium (Cd) doses (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1 of CdSO4) on the growth and physiological attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) including plant height (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight (g) of root, stem, and leaves, leaf number, macro and micro-nutrients, Se, and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, and Pb) content. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The results showed that Cd stress significantly negatively affected all growth indices, macro- and micro-nutrients, and heavy metal content. In addition, it increased the MDA and APX activities. The highest amounts of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, K, Na, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined in plant roots, while the highest values of Ca and Mg were detected in plant stem tissues. High Cd doses decreased the content of Ca, K, Mg, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in safflower plant tissues by 45.47%, 39.33%, 79.28%, 68.21%, 37.06%, 66.67%, 45.62%, 50.38%, 54.37%, 33.33% and 65.87%, respectively, as compared to the control treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Tunçtürk
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
- Correspondence: or
| | - Rüveyde Tunçtürk
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
| | - Erol Oral
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
| | - Solmaz Najafi
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
| | - Lütfi Nohutçu
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
| | - Arshad Jalal
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 01049-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 01049-010, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu T, Xi J, Ke J, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Lin Y. Deciphering soil amendments and actinomycetes for remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated farmland. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114388. [PMID: 36508810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in China, especially cadmium (Cd), which has the most extensive contaminated soil coverage. Therefore, more economical and efficient remediation methods and measures are needed to control soil Cd contamination. In this study, different amendments (biochar (B), organic fertilizer (F), lime (L)) and actinomycetes (A) inoculants were applied to Cd contaminated farmland to explore their effects on wheat growth. Compared with Control, all treatments except A treatment were able to significantly increase the underground parts dry mass of wheat, with the highest increase of 57.19 %. The results showed that the B treatment significantly increased the plant height of wheat by 3.45 %. All treatments increased wheat SOD activity and chlorophyll content and reduced the MDA, which contributes to wheat stress resistance under Cd contamination. F, L and AF treatments can significantly reduce the Cd content in wheat above- and underground parts by up to 56.39 %. Soil amendments can modify the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which in turn affects the absorption of Cd by wheat. Moreover, the addition of soil amendments significantly affects the composition and structure of the rhizospheric soil bacterial community at the wheat jointing stage. The application of organic fertilizer increases the richness and diversity of the bacterial community, while lime makes it significantly decreases it. T-test and microbiome co-occurrence networks show that actinomycetes could not only effectively colonize in local soil, but also effectively enhance the complexity and stability of the rhizosphere microbial community. Considering the practical impact of different treatments on wheat, soil microorganisms, economic benefits and restoration of soil Cd contamination, the application of organic fertilizer and actinomycetes in Cd contaminated soil is a more ideal remediation strategy. This conclusion can be further verified by studying larger repair regions and longer consecutive repair cycles to gain insight into the repair mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengqi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Jiao Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Jihong Ke
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yufan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pande A, Mun BG, Methela NJ, Rahim W, Lee DS, Lee GM, Hong JK, Hussain A, Loake G, Yun BW. Heavy metal toxicity in plants and the potential NO-releasing novel techniques as the impending mitigation alternatives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019647. [PMID: 36267943 PMCID: PMC9578046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants like heavy metals are toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative in nature. Contamination of agricultural fields with heavy metals not only hampers the quality and yield of crops but also poses a serious threat to human health by entering the food chain. Plants generally cope with heavy metal stress by regulating their redox machinery. In this context, nitric oxide (NO) plays a potent role in combating heavy metal toxicity in plants. Studies have shown that the exogenous application of NO donors protects plants against the deleterious effects of heavy metals by enhancing their antioxidative defense system. Most of the studies have used sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a NO donor for combating heavy metal stress despite the associated concerns related to cyanide release. Recently, NO-releasing nanoparticles have been tested for their efficacy in a few plants and other biomedical research applications suggesting their use as an alternative to chemical NO donors with the advantage of safe, slow and prolonged release of NO. This suggests that they may also serve as potential candidates in mitigating heavy metal stress in plants. Therefore, this review presents the role of NO, the application of chemical NO donors, potential advantages of NO-releasing nanoparticles, and other NO-release strategies in biomedical research that may be useful in mitigating heavy metal stress in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pande
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nusrat Jahan Methela
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Waqas Rahim
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Protection, Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gary Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ilyas M, Shah S, Lai YW, Sher J, Bai T, Zaman F, Bibi F, Koul M, Wani SH, Majrashi A, Alharby HF, Hakeem KR, Wang YJ, Rather SA. Leaf Functional Traits of Invasive Grasses Conferring High-Cadmium Adaptation Over Natives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869072. [PMID: 35720536 PMCID: PMC9202595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination resulting from industrialization and urbanization during the Anthropocene along with plant invasion can severely threaten the growth and adaptation of local flora. Invasive alien plant species generally exhibit a growth pattern consistent with their functional traits in non-contaminated environments in the introduced range. However, it remains unclear whether invasive alien plants have an advantage over native plants in contaminated environments and whether this growth pattern is dependent on the adaptation of their leaf functional traits. Here, we selected two congeneric pairs of invasive alien and native grasses that naturally co-exist in China and are commonly found growing in contaminated soil. To evaluate the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the structural and physiological leaf traits, we grew all four species in soil contaminated without or with 80 mg/kg Cd. Invasive plants contained significantly higher concentrations of Cd in all three organs (leaf, stem, and root). They displayed a higher transfer factor and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of shoot and root than natives, indicating that invasive species are potential Cd hyperaccumulators. Invasive plants accumulated polyphenol oxidase (PPO) to higher levels than natives and showed similar patterns of leaf structural and physiological traits in response to changes in Cd bioconcentration. The quantifiable leaf structural traits of invasive plants were significantly greater (except for stomatal density and number of dead leaves) than native plants. Leaf physiological traits, chlorophyll content, and flavonoid content were also significantly higher in invasive plants than in natives under Cd stress conditions after 4 weeks, although nitrogen balance index (NBI) showed no significant difference between the two species. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, except for the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and the proportion of open photosystem II (qP), which increased under Cd stress conditions in both species. However, invasive plants exhibited higher fluorescence parameters than natives under Cd stress, and the decrement observed in invasive plants under Cd stress was greater than that in natives. High Cd adaptation of invasive grasses over natives suggests that invasive plants possess optimal leaf structural and physiological traits, which enable them to adapt to stressful conditions and capture resources more quickly than natives. This study further emphasizes the potential invasion of alien plants in contaminated soil environments within the introduced range. To a certain extent, some non-invasive alien plants might adapt to metalliferous environments and serve as hyperaccumulator candidates in phytoremediation projects in contaminated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Wen Lai
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jan Sher
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Wuhan, China
| | - Fawad Zaman
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Farkhanda Bibi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Monika Koul
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Centre for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shabir A. Rather
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao G, Zhang X, Guo D, Wang H, Guo H, Tian M, Sun Q, Li H, Xu B, Guo X. Identification and characterization of an Apis cerana cerana nucleoside diphosphate kinase (AccNDPK) associated with oxidative stress. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104926. [PMID: 34446202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are widespread nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes that are involved in a variety of biological processes, including responses to oxidative stress. Although studies have been conducted on NDPKs in mammals and some plants, there is scant research on insect NDPKs, especially in honey bees. In the present study, we isolated AccNDPK from Apis cerana cerana. Sequence analysis showed that AccNDPK has high homology with many NDPKs and contains a highly conserved NDPK active site motif. Based on phylogenetic analysis, AccNDPK has a relatively recent evolutionary relationship with NDPKs in other hymenopteran insects. AccNDPK was found to be highly expressed in newly emerged honey bees and muscle tissues, and RT-qPCR analysis and bacteriostatic assays showed that the expression level of AccNDPK is affected by abnormal temperature, UV light, H2O2, heavy metals, and various pesticides. After AccNDPK knockdown, antioxidant-related genes, including AccCAT, AccCYP4G11, AccGSTS4, AccTpx1 and AccMsrA, were upregulated, whereas AccGSTD, AccGST1, AccHSP22.6 and AccTrx1 were downregulated. Furthermore, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly increased, and the tolerance of bees to oxidative stress caused by cyhalothrin was reduced by silencing of AccNDPK. Given these findings, we speculate that AccNDPK plays an important role in the oxidative stress response of A. cerana cerana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Dezheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hengjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng Z, Ji S, Ping J, Cui D. Recent advances in metabolomics for studying heavy metal stress in plants. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
11
|
Yuvaraj A, Thangaraj R, Karmegam N, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Awasthi MK, Kannan S. Activation of biochar through exoenzymes prompted by earthworms for vermibiochar production: A viable resource recovery option for heavy metal contaminated soils and water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130458. [PMID: 34126688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The industrial revolution and indiscriminate usage of a wide spectrum of agrochemicals account for the dumping of heavy metals in the environment. In-situ/ex-situ physical, chemical, and bioremediation strategies with pros and cons have been adopted for recovering metal contaminated soils and water. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for a cost-effective and environment-friendly technique to combat metal pollution. Biochar combined with earthworms and vermifiltration is a suitable emerging technique for the remediation of metal-polluted soils and water. The chemical substances (e.g., sodium hydroxide, zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid) have been used to activate biochar, which also faces several shortcomings. Studies reveal that extracellular enzymes have been used to activate biochar which is produced by earthworms and microbes that can alter the surface of the biochar. The present review focuses on the global scenario of metal pollution and its remediation through biochar activation using earthworms. The earthworms and biochar can produce "vermibiochar" which is capable of reducing the metal ions from contaminated water and soils. The vermifiltration can be a suitable technology for metal removal from wastewater/effluent. Thus, the biochar has a trick of producing entirely new options at a time when vermifiltration and other technologies are least expected. Further attention to the biochar-assisted vermifiltration of different sources of wastewater is required to be explored for the large-scale utilization of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea; Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bernard F, Dumez S, Lemière S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Deram A, Vandenbulcke F, Cuny D. Impact of cadmium on forage kale (Brassica oleracea var. viridis cv "Prover") after 3-,10- and 56-day exposure to a Cd-spiked field soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25060-25068. [PMID: 29546517 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for living organisms and is widespread in metal-contaminated soils. As organisms which can grow up on these polluted areas, plants have some protection mechanisms against Cd issues. Among the plant kingdom, the Brassicaceae family includes species which are known to be able to tolerate and accumulate Cd in their tissues. In this study, Brassica oleracea var. viridis cv "Prover" was exposed to a range of artificially Cd-contaminated soils (from 2.5 up to 20 mg kg-1) during 3, 10, and 56 days and the effects on life traits, photosynthesis activity, antioxidant enzymatic activities were studied. Metal accumulation was quantified, as well as DNA damage, by means of the comet assay and immunodetection of 8-OHdG levels. Globally, B. oleracea was relatively tolerant to those Cd exposures. However, comet assay and detection of 8-OHdG revealed some DNA damage but which are not significant. According to metal accumulation analysis, B. oleracea var. viridis cv Prover could be a good candidate for alternative growing in contaminated areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bernard
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- LGCgE EA 4515, "Fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres anthropisés" Cité Scientifique, Univ Lille1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Lemière
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- LGCgE EA 4515, "Fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres anthropisés" Cité Scientifique, Univ Lille1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne Platel
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique-Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique-Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Annabelle Deram
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de Management de la Santé (ILIS)-Université de Lille 2, EA 4483, 59120, Loos, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
- LGCgE EA 4515, "Fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres anthropisés" Cité Scientifique, Univ Lille1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Damien Cuny
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharifi P, Bidabadi SS, Zaid A, Abdel Latef AAH. Efficacy of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in regulating growth performance, total glutathione and redox state of Calendula officinalis L. cultivated on Pb and Cd polluted soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112051. [PMID: 33601169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have recently attracted huge attention to their impacts on the environment and plants. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposed pot marigold plants to various levels of MWCNT. Calendula officinalis (L.) seedlings were cultivated in Pb and Cd-polluted soils with exposure to 0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg L-1 of MWCNT. The results demonstrated that foliar-applied MWCNT up to 250 mg L-1 not only alleviated Pb and Cd-induced toxicity by reducing oxidative damage and boosting both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system but also promoted the phytoremediation property of pot marigold plants by enhancing the accumulation of both Pb and Cd from the soil. Interestingly, oxidative damage exacerbation and both Pb and Cd accumulation reduction were noticed in pot marigold seedlings exposed to 500 and 1000 mg L-1 MWCNTs. The findings of this study clearly showed that the use of appropriate concentrations of MWCNTs in increasing the phytoremediation properties of pot marigold was justified, while the use of high concentrations is toxic to the plant and intensifies the toxic effects of heavy metals (HMs) on plant physiology. This study provides a novel method to facilitate the phytoremediation of HMs polluted soils using MWCNT as well as explores the potential risks of these nanoparticles to the plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sharifi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Higher Education Center Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Urmia 94171-71946, Iran
| | - Siamak Shirani Bidabadi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bellini E, Betti C, Sanità di Toppi L. Responses to Cadmium in Early-Diverging Streptophytes (Charophytes and Bryophytes): Current Views and Potential Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:770. [PMID: 33919852 PMCID: PMC8070800 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several transition metals are essential for plant growth and development, as they are involved in various fundamental metabolic functions. By contrast, cadmium (Cd) is a metal that can prove extremely toxic for plants and other organisms in a dose-dependent manner. Charophytes and bryophytes are early-diverging streptophytes widely employed for biomonitoring purposes, as they are able to cope with high concentrations of toxic metal(loid)s without showing any apparent heavy damage. In this review, we will deal with different mechanisms that charophytes and bryophytes have evolved to respond to Cd at a cellular level. Particular attention will be addressed to strategies involving Cd vacuolar sequestration and cell wall immobilization, focusing on specific mechanisms that help achieve detoxification. Understanding the effects of metal(loid) pollution and accumulation on the morpho-physiological traits of charophytes and bryophytes can be in fact fundamental for optimizing their use as phytomonitors and/or phytoremediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bellini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (L.S.d.T.)
| | - Camilla Betti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Albert HA, Li X, Jeyakumar P, Wei L, Huang L, Huang Q, Kamran M, Shaheen SM, Hou D, Rinklebe J, Liu Z, Wang H. Influence of biochar and soil properties on soil and plant tissue concentrations of Cd and Pb: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142582. [PMID: 33065502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of biochar to soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has received particular attention due to its ability to reduce PTE uptake by the plants. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify Cd and Pb concentrations in plant shoots and roots in response to biochar application and soil properties. We collected data from 65 peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2009 to 2020 in which 66% of manuscripts were published from 2015 to 2020. The data were processed using OpenMEE software. The results pinpointed that addition of biochar to soil caused a significant decrease in shoot and root Cd and Pb concentrations as compared to untreated soils with biochar (control), and the reduction rate was affected by plant types and both biochar and soil properties. The biochar size less than 2 mm, biochar pH higher than 10, pyrolysis temperature of 401-600 °C, and the application rate higher than 2% appeared to be effective in reducing shoot and root Cd and Pb concentration. Soil properties such as pH, SOC, and texture influenced the efficiency of biochar for reducing plant Cd and Pb uptake. Biochar application increased SOC (54.3%), CEC (48.0%), pH (0.08), and EC (59.4%), and reduced soil extractable Cd (42.1%) and Pb (47.1%) concentration in comparison to control. A detailed study on the rhizosphere chemistry and uptake mechanism will help to underpin the biochar application rates and their efficiency reducing PTE mobility and plant uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssou Assa Albert
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Lianxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil-and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil-and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu HJ, Wang X, Yang ZL, Ren LL, Qian TT. Identification and biochemical characterization of the glutathione reductase family from Populus trichocarpa. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110459. [PMID: 32234218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) is a key NADPH-dependent flavo-protein oxidoreductase which can catalyze the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) to protect plant cells from oxidative damage induced by Reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. To investigate the biochemical characteristics and functional divergence of Populus GR family, three GR genes (PtGR1.1/1.2/2) were cloned from Populus trichocarpa and their biochemical characteristics were analyzed in this study. All the three genes were expressed in root, stem, leaf and bud, and the expression of PtGR genes were general upregulated under salicylic acid and alamethicin treatment. PtGR1.1 and PtGR1.2 were localized in cytoplasm, while PtGR2 was in chloroplast. The three PtGR proteins showed different enzymatic activities, apparent kinetic characteristic and thermal stability profiles. However, they have similar bivalent metal ions (Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+) sensitivity and optimum pH profiles. Our study sheds light on a comprehensive information of glutathione reductase family in P. trichocarpa, and proved PtGR genes play critical roles when suffering different stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Ling Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Moss Leptodictyum riparium Counteracts Severe Cadmium Stress by Activation of Glutathione Transferase and Phytochelatin Synthase, but Slightly by Phytochelatins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051583. [PMID: 32111035 PMCID: PMC7084805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the response to Cd in Leptodictyum riparium, a cosmopolitan moss (Bryophyta) that can accumulate higher amounts of metals than other plants, even angiosperms, with absence or slight apparent damage. High-performance liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of extracts from L. riparium gametophytes, exposed to 0, 36 and 360 µM Cd for 7 days, revealed the presence of γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and traces of phytochelatins. The increase in Cd concentrations progressively augmented reactive oxygen species levels, with activation of both antioxidant (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and detoxifying (glutathione-S-transferase) enzymes. After Cd treatment, cytosolic and vacuolar localization of thiol peptides was performed by means of the fluorescent dye monochlorobimane and subsequent observation with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cytosolic fluorescence observed with the highest Cd concentrations was also consistent with the formation of γ-EC-bimane in the cytosol, possibly catalyzed by the peptidase activity of the L. riparium phytochelatin synthase. On the whole, activation of phytochelatin synthase and glutathione-S-transferase, but minimally phytochelatin synthesis, play a role to counteract Cd toxicity in L. riparium, in this manner minimizing the cellular damage caused by the metal. This study strengthens previous investigations on the L. riparium ability to efficiently hinder metal pollution, hinting at a potential use for biomonitoring and phytoremediation purposes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of cadmium, chromium, and lead on micropropagation and physio-biochemical parameters of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. cultured in vitro. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
19
|
Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Kumar S, Chadd RP, Kumar A. Trace elements in soil-vegetables interface: Translocation, bioaccumulation, toxicity and amelioration - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2927-2942. [PMID: 30463144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of soil and vegetables with trace elements is one of the most severe ecological problems in developing industrialized countries. Trace elements are released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic activities and accumulated in soil and vegetables through various pathways which ultimately affects the human health. The present review aimed at 1) discussing the anthropogenic sources in detail, 2) describing the bioaccumulation, absorption, and transportation of trace elements, 3) exploring the options to reduce the health risk due to consumption of contaminated vegetables, 4) identifying the research and policy gaps related to soil and vegetables contamination with trace elements. Besides these objectives, the present review also detailed the several factors which affect the rate of accumulation, toxicity mechanism, and effects of trace elements on vegetables and humans. Various toxicity indices for health risk assessment have also been described. It is suggested to evaluate the trace metals concentration in irrigation water and soil prior to plant the vegetable to minimize the possible contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Richard P Chadd
- Environment Agency of England, Stepping Stone Walk, Winfrey Avenue, Spalding, Lincolnshire PE11 1DA, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 282005, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng C, Zhang L, Chen M, Zhao XQ, Duan Y, Meng Y, Zhang X, Shen RF. Effects of cadmium exposure on expression of glutathione synthetase system genes in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Extremophiles 2018; 22:895-902. [PMID: 30143860 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The glutathione synthetase system (GSS) is an important pathway of glutathione synthesis and plays a key role in heavy metal resistance. In this work, the response of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to extracellular Cd2+ was investigated, and the interplay between Cd2+ resistance and the expression of GSS related-genes was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). During growth in the presence of 5, 15 and 30 mM Cd2+, the transcript levels of eight GSS pathway genes were affected between 0.81- and 7.12-fold. Increased transcription was also reflected in increased enzyme activities: with those of glutathione reductase (GR) increased by 1.10-, 2.26- and 1.54-fold in the presence of 5, 15 and 30 mM Cd2+, respectively. In contrast, the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased in the presence of Cd2+. At the metabolite level, intracellular methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content was increased 1.97-, 3.31- and 1.92-fold in the presence of 5, 15 and 30 mM Cd2+, respectively. These results suggest that Cd2+ directly inhibits the activities of CAT and SOD, breaks the redox balance of the cells, which leads to the activation of the other antioxidant pathway of GSS. Resistance of A. ferrooxidans to Cd2+ may involve modulation of expression levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST), GR, and glutathione synthetase, which may protect against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yizhuo Duan
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Meng
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar D, Bharti SK, Anand S, Kumar N. Bioaccumulation and biochemical responses of Vetiveria zizanioides grown under Cadmium and Copper stresses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42398-018-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
22
|
Xue Z, Xiao L, Chen H, Zhou T, Qian Y, Suo J, Hua Q, Zhou B, Ye R, Bao X, Zhu J. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel 'off-on' chemical sensor based on rhodamine B and the 2,5-pyrrolidinedione moiety for selective discrimination of glutathione and its bioimaging in living cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1823-1831. [PMID: 29500129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new "turn-on" fluorescent probe, RDMBM, based on the rhodamine B dye and the 2,5-pyrrolidinedione moiety was synthesized and characterized. Its sensing behavior toward various amino acids was evaluated via UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The observed spectral changes showed that RDMBM displays high selectivity and sensitivity toward GSH in MeOH/H2O (1:2, v/v, pH 7.40, Tris-HCl buffer, 1 mM) solution and that it undergoes 1:1 covalent binding with GSH. More importantly, the hydrogenation and ring-opening of the nitrogen atom in the spirane structure of rhodamine B derivatives were tightly bound to the induction effects of different groups. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging applications demonstrated that RDMBM can be successfully used for the detection of GSH in human breast cancer cells MCF-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Hailang Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yangyan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Jinshuai Suo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China
| | - Qinhan Hua
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Baojing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Renlong Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carlina vulgaris L. as a Source of Phytochemicals with Antioxidant Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1891849. [PMID: 29181123 PMCID: PMC5664338 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1891849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The methanol extracts from three populations of Carlina vulgaris L. were examined for the chlorogenic acid content, mineral content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. Two populations originated from natural nonmetallicolous habitats (NN (populations from Nasiłów) and NP (populations from Pińczów)), and one metallicolous population (MB) was collected from Bolesław waste heap localized at the place of former open-cast mining of Ag-Pb and Zn-Pb ores dating back to the 13th century and 18th century, respectively. The level of Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni, and Mn was significantly higher in the root and leaves of MB plants as a result of soil contaminations compared to those of the NN and NP ones. The highest antioxidant potency has been showed by the plants growing in a nonmetallicolous habitat. The flower head extracts obtained from the nonmetallicolous populations also contained the largest amount of chlorogenic acid, whereas the lowest was determined in the roots (ca. 2–3.5 mg/g and 0.2–0.4 mg/g of air-dry weight, resp.). These studies provide important information on the influence of a habitat on the quality of herbal materials and the content of the biologically active primary and secondary metabolites.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma Z, An T, Zhu X, Ji J, Wang G, Guan C, Jin C, Yi L. GR1-like gene expression in Lycium chinense was regulated by cadmium-induced endogenous jasmonic acids accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1457-1476. [PMID: 28656324 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The G1-like gene from the Lycium chinense was cloned and transferred into N. tabacum. Evidence showed that endogenous JA accumulation was crucial to LcGR gene expression in cadmium-stressed L. chinense. Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a vital role in glutathione-ascorbate metabolism and is a key enzyme in maintaining the redox state in plants. Jasmonic acids (JA) are important hormones regulating protective responses against bacteria and mechanic damage in plants. At present, the relationship between the endogenous JA accumulation, the glutathione (GSH) content and GR gene expression in plants under cadmium (Cd) stress has not been elucidated. This study primarily aims to explore their interconnected relations. First, we isolated the GR1-like gene from Lycium chinense (LcGR). Real-time PCR showed that gene LcGR and allene oxide cyclase (LcAOC) (a JA synthesis gene) expression in L. chinense plants was significantly enhanced by CdCl2 and reduced by CdCl2 cotreatment with 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoic acid (EOA), a JA synthesis inhibitor. Meanwhile, the JA content in plants strongly increased under Cd stress and decreased under Cd + EOA treatment, which was in accordance with expression pattern of LcAOC. The function of gene LcGR was confirmed in vitro with E. coli expression system. The subcellular localization in chloroplasts of LcGR gene was proved in Nicotiana tabacum leaves with transient transfection system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Furthermore, the overexpression of gene LcGR in the transgenic tabacum led to great Cd-tolerance and higher GSH accumulation. Overall, the results showed that the endogenous JA accumulation in Cd-stressed plants affects the GR expression which is crucial to the GSH accumulation and GSH-dependent tolerance to cadmium in LcGR transformants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting An
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerui Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Yi
- Bengbu No. 2 High School, Bengbu, 233000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Saadani O, Fatnassi IC, Chiboub M, Abdelkrim S, Barhoumi F, Jebara M, Jebara SH. In situ phytostabilisation capacity of three legumes and their associated Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPBs) in mine tailings of northern Tunisia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 130:263-269. [PMID: 27151677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PGPBs-legumes associations represent an alternative procedure for phytostabilisation of heavy metals polluted soils mainly generated by industrial and agricultural practices. In this study we evaluated the capacity of Vicia faba, Lens culinaris and Sulla coronaria, inoculated in situ by specific heavy metals resistant inocula, for the phytostabilisation of copper, lead and cadmium respectively. The experimentation was performed in mine tailings of northern Tunisia. Results proved that inoculation enhanced roots and shoots biomass production of faba bean by 14% and 12%, respectively, and significantly improved pods yield by 91%. In lentil, the inoculation ameliorated shoot biomass up to 27%. The highest nitrogen fixation was recorded by Sulla coronaria. The three symbioses accumulated heavy metals essentially in roots, and poorly in shoots. In addition, cadmium accumulation in roots of inoculated sulla was enhanced by 39%. Furthermore, inoculations decreased heavy metals availability in the soil up to -10% of Cu and -47% of Pb respectively in roots of faba bean and lentil. Our results suggested a positive effect of co-inoculation of legumes by appropriate heavy metals resistant PGPBs for the phytostabilisation of mine tailings. Elsewhere, the enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes activities demonstrated the role of the three inocula to alleviate the heavy metals induced stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Saadani
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Challougui Fatnassi
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Manel Chiboub
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Abdelkrim
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Barhoumi
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moez Jebara
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Harzalli Jebara
- Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, University Tunis El Manar, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Phoungthong K, Zhang H, Shao LM, He PJ. Variation of the phytotoxicity of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination with leaching conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:547-554. [PMID: 26745383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) has long been regarded as an alternative building material in the construction industry. However, the pollutants contained in the bottom ash could potentially leach out and contaminate the local environment, which presents an obstacle to the reuse of the materials. To evaluate the environmental feasibility of using MSWIBA as a recycled material in construction, the leaching derived ecotoxicity was assessed. The leaching behavior of MSWIBA under various conditions, including the extractant type, leaching time, liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio, and leachate pH were investigated, and the phytotoxicity of these leachates on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination was determined. Moreover, the correlation between the germination index and the concentrations of various chemical constituents in the MSWIBA leachates was assessed using multivariate statistics with principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. It was found that, heavy metal concentrations in the leachate were pH and L/S ratio dependent, but were less affected by leaching time. Heavy metals were the main pollutants present in wheat seeds. Heavy metals (especially Ba, Cr, Cu and Pb) had a substantial inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination and root elongation. To safely use MSWIBA in construction, the potential risk and ecotoxicity of leached materials must be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khamphe Phoungthong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PR China (MOHURD), Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Pin-Jing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns & Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PR China (MOHURD), Shanghai 200092, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kushwaha A, Rani R, Kumar S, Gautam A. Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in plants: Implications for phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1139/er-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms. However, in excessive amounts these heavy metals have deleterious effects. Like other organisms, plants possess a variety of detoxification mechanisms to counter the harmful effects of heavy metals. These include the restriction of heavy metals by mycorrhizal association, binding with plant cell wall and root excretions, metal efflux from the plasma membrane, metal chelation by phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and compartmentalization within the vacuole. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. This technology is inexpensive, efficient, and ecofriendly. This review focuses on potential cellular and molecular adaptations by plants that are necessary to tolerate heavy metal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| | - Radha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| | - Aishvarya Gautam
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mukhopadhyay M, Mondal TK, Chand PK. Biotechnological advances in tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze): a review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:255-87. [PMID: 26563347 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive review on the success and limitations of biotechnological approaches aimed at genetic improvement of tea with a purpose to explore possibilities to address challenging areas. Tea is a woody perennial tree with a life span of more than 100 years. Conventional breeding of tea is slow and limited primarily to selection which leads to narrowing down of its genetic base. Harnessing the benefits of wild relatives has been negligible due to low cross-compatibility, genetic drag and undesirable alleles for low yield. Additionally, being a recalcitrant species, in vitro propagation of tea is constrained too. Nevertheless, maneuvering with tissue/cell culture techniques, a considerable success has been achieved in the area of micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis as well as genetic transformation. Besides, use of molecular markers, "expressomics" (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), map-based cloning towards construction of physical maps, generation of expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) have facilitated the identification of QTLs and discovery of genes associated with abiotic or biotic stress tolerance and agronomic traits. Furthermore, the complete genome (or at least gene space) sequence of tea is expected to be accessible in the near future which will strengthen combinational approaches for improvement of tea. This review presents a comprehensive account of the success and limitations of the biotechnological tools and techniques hitherto applied to tea and its wild relatives. Expectedly, this will form a basis for making further advances aimed at genetic improvement of tea in particular and of economically important woody perennials in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mainaak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tapan K Mondal
- Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Pradeep K Chand
- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Facility, Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bernard F, Dumez S, Brulle F, Lemière S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Cuny D, Deram A, Vandenbulcke F. Antioxidant defense gene analysis in Brassica oleracea and Trifolium repens exposed to Cd and/or Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3136-51. [PMID: 26514569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the expression analysis of antioxidant defense genes in Brassica oleracea and in Trifolium repens. Plants were exposed for 3, 10, and 56 days in microcosms to a field-collected suburban soil spiked by low concentrations of cadmium and/or lead. In both species, metal accumulations and expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved and/or related to antioxidant defense systems (glutathione transferases, peroxidases, catalases, metallothioneins) were quantified in leaves in order to better understand the detoxification processes involved following exposure to metals. It appeared that strongest gene expression variations in T. repens were observed when plants are exposed to Cd (metallothionein and ascorbate peroxidase upregulations) whereas strongest variations in B. oleracea were observed in case of Cd/Pb co-exposures (metallothionein, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase upregulations). Results also suggest that there is a benefit to use complementary species in order to better apprehend the biological effects in ecotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bernard
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515, Université Lille Nord de France-Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Dumez
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - F Brulle
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Lemière
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515, Université Lille Nord de France-Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Platel
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Deram
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de Management de la Santé (ILIS), Université de Lille, EA4483, F-59120, Loos, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515, Université Lille Nord de France-Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu D, An Z, Mao Z, Ma L, Lu Z. Enhanced Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation by Transgenic Sugar Beets Expressing Streptococcus thermophilus StGCS-GS in the Presence of Cd, Zn and Cu Alone or in Combination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128824. [PMID: 26057126 PMCID: PMC4461316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising means of ameliorating heavy metal pollution through the use of transgenic plants as artificial hyperaccumulators. A novel Streptococcus thermophilusγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase (StGCS-GS) that synthesizes glutathione (GSH) with limited feedback inhibition was overexpressed in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), yielding three transgenic lines (s2, s4 and s5) with enhanced tolerance to different concentrations of cadmium, zinc and copper, as indicated by their increased biomass, root length and relative growth compared with wild-type plants. Transgenic sugar beets accumulated more Cd, Zn and Cu ions in shoots than wild-type, as well as higher GSH and phytochelatin (PC) levels under different heavy metal stresses. This enhanced heavy metal tolerance and increased accumulation were likely due to the increased expression of StGCS-GS and consequent overproduction of both GSH and PC. Furthermore, when multiple heavy metal ions were present at the same time, transgenic sugar beets overexpressing StGCS-GS resisted two or three of the metal combinations (50 μM Cd-Zn, Cd-Cu, Zn-Cu and Cd-Zn-Cu), with greater absorption in shoots. Additionally, there was no obvious competition between metals. Overall, the results demonstrate the explicit role of StGCS-GS in enhancing Cd, Zn and Cu tolerance and accumulation in transgenic sugar beet, which may represent a highly promising new tool for phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugar beet Genetics and Breeding, Academy of Crop Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, the Ministry of Education of China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang An
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, the Ministry of Education of China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, the Ministry of Education of China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Longbiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sugar beet Genetics and Breeding, Academy of Crop Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LM); (ZL)
| | - Zhenqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LM); (ZL)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chinnappan RS, Kandasamy K, Sekar A. A review on marine based nanoparticles and their potential applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
32
|
Guan C, Ji J, Jia C, Guan W, Li X, Jin C, Wang G. A GSHS-like gene from Lycium chinense maybe regulated by cadmium-induced endogenous salicylic acid and overexpression of this gene enhances tolerance to cadmium stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:871-84. [PMID: 25627256 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A GSHS gene, LcGSHS , was cloned from L. chinense for the first time. Evidence is presented here that endogenous SA accumulation maybe important for the regulation of LcGSHS expression level. Glutathione (GSH) plays a pivotal role in heavy metal detoxification. GSH synthetase (GSHS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of GSH synthesis in plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the important plant hormones, which plays a critical role in triggering plant responses to different stresses such as cadmium (Cd) stress. Until now, little has been done to explore the relationship among the accumulation of endogenous SA, GSHS transcript levels and the GSH content in plants under Cd treatment and we will investigate this link in this study. The chlorophyll content, transcripts level of LcGSHS gene, endogenous SA accumulation, GSH accumulation and Cd concentration in the leaves of Lycium chinense were studied under different treatment conditions. Endogenous SA, LcGSHS transcript expression and GSH content can be induced by Cd treatment in L. chinense, however, reduced by co-treatment with 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), an inhibitor of SA biosynthesis. Strong staining was observed in the leaves of Arabidopsis expressing ProLcGSHS::GUS under Cd stress and the staining was reduced by co-treatment with AIP. The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing ProLcGSHS::LcGSHS also showed greater tolerance to Cd stress than wild types. Evidence was presented here that under Cd stress, GSH accumulation occurred via enhanced LcGSHS gene expression and the SA signaling cascade was involved in this accumulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of LcGSHS in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in greater tolerance to Cd stress than wild-type lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guan C, Jin C, Ji J, Wang G, Li X. LcBiP, a endoplasmic reticulum chaperone binding protein gene from Lycium chinense, confers cadmium tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:358-68. [PMID: 25589446 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation is very toxic to plants. The presence of Cd may lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and then cause inhibition of plant growth. The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone binding protein (BiP) is an important functional protein, which has been shown to function as a sensor of alterations in the ER environment. BiP overexpression in plants was shown to increase drought tolerance through inhibition of ROS accumulation. Due to the above relationships, it is likely that there may be a link between Cd stress tolerance, ROS accumulation and the BiP transcript expression in plants. In this study, a BiP gene, LcBiP, from L. chinense was isolated and characterized. Overexpression of LcBiP in tobacco conferred Cd tolerance. Under Cd stress conditions, the transgenic tobacco lines exhibited better chlorophyll retention, less accumulation of ROS, longer root length, more glutathione (GSH) content, and less antioxidant enzyme activity than the wild type. These data demonstrated that LcBiP act as a positive regulator in Cd stress tolerance. It is hypothesized that the improved Cd tolerance of the transgenic tobacco plants may be due to the enhanced ROS scavenging capacity. The enhancement of GSH content might contribute to this ROS scavenging capacity in the transgenic plants. However, the underlying mechanism for BiP-mediated increase in Cd stress tolerance need to be further clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sarmishta D, P. BM, S. BP. Copper-induced changes in growth and antioxidative mechanisms of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2014.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
35
|
A sensitive sensor cell line for the detection of oxidative stress responses in cultured human keratinocytes. SENSORS 2014; 14:11293-307. [PMID: 24967604 PMCID: PMC4168474 DOI: 10.3390/s140711293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the progress of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, chemicals that cause the generation of reactive oxygen species trigger a heat shock response in keratinocytes. In this study, an optical sensor cell line based on cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the stress-inducible HSP70B' promoter were constructed. Exposure of HaCaT sensor cells to 25 µM cadmium, a model substance for oxidative stress induction, provoked a 1.7-fold increase in total glutathione and a ~300-fold induction of transcript level of the gene coding for heat shock protein HSP70B'. An extract of Arnica montana flowers resulted in a strong induction of the HSP70B' gene and a pronounced decrease of total glutathione in keratinocytes. The HSP70B' promoter-based sensor cells conveniently detected cadmium-induced stress using GFP fluorescence as read-out with a limit of detection of 6 µM cadmium. In addition the sensor cells responded to exposure of cells to A. montana extract with induction of GFP fluorescence. Thus, the HaCaT sensor cells provide a means for the automated detection of the compromised redox status of keratinocytes as an early indicator of the development of human skin disorders and could be applied for the prediction of skin irritation in more complex in vitro 3D human skin models and in the development of micro-total analysis systems (µTAS) that may be utilized in dermatology, toxicology, pharmacology and drug screenings.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang W, Tan NGJ, Li SFY. NMR-based metabolomics and LC-MS/MS quantification reveal metal-specific tolerance and redox homeostasis in Chlorella vulgaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:149-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70425d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Liu D, Liu Y, Rao J, Wang G, Li H, Ge F, Chen C. Overexpression of the glutathione S-transferase gene from Pyrus pyrifolia fruit improves tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco plants. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
38
|
Son JA, Narayanankutty DP, Roh KS. Influence of exogenous application of glutathione on rubisco and rubisco activase in heavy metal-stressed tobacco plant grown in vitro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 21:89-97. [PMID: 24596504 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of glutathione on the influences of heavy metals affecting rubisco and rubisco activase was studied in tobacco plants grown in vitro where the shoot explants of the tobacco plant cultured on MS medium under aseptic conditions and two explants were placed in the control, 0.1 mM GSH, 1 mM GSH, 0.2 mM Cd, 0.2 mM Cu, 0.2 mM Zn, and a mixture of Cd and GSH, Cu and GSH, Zn and GSH, respectively. The effect of GSH on the growth of the tobacco plant was minimal, but the heavy metals clearly retarded its growth. GSH recovered the growth retarded by heavy metals, and the concentration of GSH required to recover the growth differed depending on the heavy metals. The content of chlorophyll in the plant increased through GSH and Zn, and decreased through Cd and Cu. The chlorophyll content which decreased due to Cd and Cu was recovered by GSH, and the content which increased due to Zn was decreased by 1 mM GSH. The content of rubisco decreased due to GSH and heavy metals, and the content which decreased due to heavy metals was recovered by GSH, and when GSH was treated with Zn, the increased rate was maximum compared to other heavy metals. The activity of rubisco was increased due to GSH and heavy metals, and the activity increased by Cd and Zn decreased through GSH. In the case of Cu, the activity of GSH increased even more. There was no effect of GSH on the influences of heavy metals on the content and activity of rubisco activase. The activity of rubisco decreased by thiourea among six denaturing agents, and increased by l-cysteine, and in most cases the activity level was recorded as high. The activity of rubisco activase all decreased as a result of six denaturing agents, and the effect caused by EDTA and guanidine-HCl was the greatest, while the effect caused by l-cysteine and urea was minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Son
- Department of Biology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | | | - Kwang Soo Roh
- Department of Biology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khan AL, Lee IJ. Endophytic Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 secretes gibberellin that reprograms Glycine max L. growth during copper stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:86. [PMID: 23721090 PMCID: PMC3674946 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metal pollution in crop fields is one of the major issues in sustainable agriculture production. To improve crop growth and reduce the toxic effects of metals is an ideal strategy. Understanding the resilience of gibberellins producing endophytic fungi associated with crop plants in metal contaminated agriculture fields could be an important step towards reducing agrochemical pollutions. In present study, it was aimed to screen and identify metal resistant endophyte and elucidate its role in rescuing crop plant growth and metabolism during metal stress. RESULTS Fungal endophyte, Penicillium funiculosum LHL06, was identified to possess higher growth rate in copper (Cu) and cadmium contaminated mediums as compared to other endophytes (Metarhizium anisopliae, Promicromonospora sp. and Exophiala sp.). P. funiculosum had high biosorption potential toward copper as compared to cadmium. An endophyte-metal-plant interaction was assessed by inoculating the host Glycine max L. plants with P. funiculosum during Cu (100 μM) stress. The Cu application adversely affected the biomass, chlorophyll and total protein content of non-inoculated control plants. The control plants unable to synthesis high carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen because the roots had lower access to phosphorous, potassium, sulphur and calcium during Cu treatment. Conversely, P. funiculosum-association significantly increased the plant biomass, root physiology and nutrients uptake to support higher carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen assimilation in shoot. The metal-removal potential of endophyte-inoculated plants was significantly higher than control as the endophyte-association mediated the Cu uptake via roots into shoots. The symbiosis rescued the host-plant growth by minimizing Cu-induced electrolytic leakage and lipid peroxidation while increasing reduces glutathione activities to avoid oxidative stress. P. funiculosum-association synthesized higher quantities of proline and glutamate as compared to control. Stress-responsive abscisic acid was significantly down-regulated in the plant-metal-microbe association. CONCLUSION The endophyte P. funiculosum symbiosis counteracted the Cu stress and reprogrammed soybean plant growth. Such growth promoting and stress mediating endophytes can be applied at field levels to help in bioremediation of the polluted agricultural fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 701-702, Republic of Korea
- Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hasanuzzaman M, Hossain MA, Fujita M. Exogenous selenium pretreatment protects rapeseed seedlings from cadmium-induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:248-61. [PMID: 22535598 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of selenium (Se) on antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems was investigated in leaves of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. BINA sharisha 3) seedlings under cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress. Two sets of 11-day-old seedlings were pretreated with both 50 and 100 μM Se (Na(2)SeO(4), sodium selenate) for 24 h. Two concentrations of CdCl(2) (0.5 and 1.0 mM) were imposed separately or on the Se-pretreated seedlings, which were grown for another 48 h. Cadmium stress at any levels resulted in the substantial increase in malondialdehyde and H(2)O(2) levels. The ascorbate (AsA) content of the seedlings decreased significantly upon exposure to Cd stress. The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased only at 0.5 mM CdCl(2), while glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased at any level of Cd, with concomitant decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased significantly with increased concentration of Cd (both at 0.5 and 1.0 mM CdCl(2)), while the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased only at moderate stress (0.5 mM CdCl(2)) and then decreased at 1.0 mM severe stress (1.0 mM CdCl(2)). Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities decreased upon exposure to any levels of Cd. Selenium pretreatment had little effect on the nonenzymatic and enzymatic components of seedlings grown under normal conditions; i.e., they slightly increased the GSH content and the activities of APX, GR, GST, and GPX. On the other hand, Se pretreatment of seedlings under Cd-induced stress showed a synergistic effect; it increased the AsA and GSH contents, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GPX, CAT, Gly I, and Gly II which ultimately reduced the MDA and H(2)O(2) levels. However, in most cases, pretreatment with 50 μM Se showed better results compared to pretreatment with 100 μM Se. The results indicate that the exogenous application of Se at low concentrations increases the tolerance of plants to Cd-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/872875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to hazardous effects in plants. A common consequence of HM toxicity is the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG), both of which can cause peroxidation of lipids, oxidation of protein, inactivation of enzymes, DNA damage and/or interact with other vital constituents of plant cells. Higher plants have evolved a sophisticated antioxidant defense system and a glyoxalase system to scavenge ROS and MG. In addition, HMs that enter the cell may be sequestered by amino acids, organic acids, glutathione (GSH), or by specific metal-binding ligands. Being a central molecule of both the antioxidant defense system and the glyoxalase system, GSH is involved in both direct and indirect control of ROS and MG and their reaction products in plant cells, thus protecting the plant from HM-induced oxidative damage. Recent plant molecular studies have shown that GSH by itself and its metabolizing enzymes—notably glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II—act additively and coordinately for efficient protection against ROS- and MG-induced damage in addition to detoxification, complexation, chelation and compartmentation of HMs. The aim of this review is to integrate a recent understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of HM-induced plant stress response and tolerance based on the findings of current plant molecular biology research.
Collapse
|
42
|
Prabu SM, Shagirtha K, Renugadevi J. Naringenin in combination with vitamins C and E potentially protects oxidative stress-mediated hepatic injury in cadmium-intoxicated rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:177-85. [PMID: 21697638 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury is one of the major outcomes of chronic Cd toxicity, which can be ameliorated by numerous antioxidants. The present study was undertaken to find the therapeutic efficacy of naringenin (NGN) plus vitamins C and E on Cd-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. It has been noticed that Cd intoxication significantly elevates the levels of serum hepatic marker enzymes such as alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and protein carbonyls. In addition, Cd also decreases the activities of hepatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants total sulphydryl groups, reduced glutathione, vitamins C and E and histopathological changes in liver. Treatment with NGN and vitamins C and E in combination more significantly improved the altered biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of Cd-intoxicated rats than the NGN or vitamins C and E treatment alone. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that combined administration of NGN with vitamins C and E proved to be more beneficial in the treatment of Cd-hepatotoxicity than NGN treatment alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Milton Prabu
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jabeen F, Chaudhry AS. Effects of cadmium chloride and sodium selenite alone or in combination on the liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats assessed by different assays. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:1077-90. [PMID: 21213067 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of either cadmium chloride (Cd) or sodium selenite (Se) alone or in combination on male Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, body and liver weights, comet and TUNEL assays, histological analysis and levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in liver were determined in four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were given subcutaneous doses of 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) of either normal saline (control=Ct) or Cd or Se or Cd plus Se (Cd+Se) on alternate days for 4 weeks. The Cd group showed increased DNA damage, apoptosis and hepatic levels of lipid peroxidation and altered histology. Conversely, the antioxidant levels in this group were decreased as compared with the control group. The Se group also showed DNA damage, apoptosis and altered histology and reduced catalase activity, but it was less severe than the Cd group. In the Cd+Se group, ameliorating effects of Se on Cd-induced changes were observed. While the Se was able to curtail the toxic effect of Cd, the Cd or Se alone were genotoxic and cytotoxic for rats receiving a high pharmacological but non-fatal dose of 1 mg/kg BW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raj A, Pandey AK, Sharma YK, Khare PB, Srivastava PK, Singh N. Metabolic adaptation of Pteris vittata L. gametophyte to arsenic induced oxidative stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9827-9832. [PMID: 21875791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sporophyte and gametophyte of Pteris vittata are arsenic hyperaccumulators, however, little is known about the mechanism by which the gametophyte deals with this toxic element. An in vitro system (spores grown in arsenic amended nutrient media) was used to investigate the impact of arsenic on growth of the gametophyte and the role of antioxidative systems in combating As-stress. When mature spores of P. vittata were grown in medium amended with 0-50 mg kg(-1) of arsenic (as arsenate), the arsenic concentration in the gametophyte increased, with increasing arsenate in the media, but did not inhibit the spore germination and biomass development. Increases in the level of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-Stransferase) and of ascorbic acid and glutathione probably enabled the gametophyte to withstand the oxidative stress caused by arsenate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Raj
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jihen EH, Sonia S, Fatima H, Mohamed Tahar S, Abdelhamid K. Interrelationships between cadmium, zinc and antioxidants in the liver of the rat exposed orally to relatively high doses of cadmium and zinc. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2099-2104. [PMID: 21726901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) reduces cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in the liver although it increases Cd tissue burden in some conditions; hence, the present study is designed to study the relationships between Cd, Zn and antioxidants in the liver of rats exposed to Cd. Livers of male rats which received orally relatively high doses of Cd (200 mg Cd/L as Cd chloride or Cd (200 mg/L)+Zn (500 mg Zn as Zn chloride) during five weeks, were investigated. Cd induced an accumulation of Cd and Zn in parallel to depletion in important variables (GSH, GSH/GSSG, CuZn-SOD and GPx activities) and to elevation in others (Cd/Zn and GSSG). Cd, did not affect CuZn SOD/GPx, nor Mn-SOD in the liver. Cd accumulation, Cd/Zn, CuZn SOD activity and CuZn SOD/GPx, was increased remarkably under Zn action. Zn supply ameliorated GSH level and partially reversed the decrease in GSH/GSSG, but it did not ameliorate GPx activity. Analysis showed high correlations between Cd and the majority of the variables, while Zn was positively correlated with only GSSG. We suggest from our results that Zn has indirect ameliorative effects on Cd-induced toxicity in the liver and that the increase in Cd retention is probably the key mechanism modulating, in the case of relatively high doses of Cd, the antioxidant response during exposure to Cd and Zn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El Heni Jihen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Medicine Faculty of Monastir, Tunisia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2010; 8:199-216. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1402] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
47
|
Pascual I, Azcona I, Aguirreolea J, Morales F, Corpas FJ, Palma JM, Rellán-Alvarez R, Sánchez-Díaz M. Growth, yield, and fruit quality of pepper plants amended with two sanitized sewage sludges. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6951-6959. [PMID: 20450196 DOI: 10.1021/jf100282f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic wastes such as sewage sludge have been successfully used to increase crop productivity of horticultural soils. Nevertheless, considerations of the impact of sludges on vegetable and fruit quality have received little attention. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to investigate the impact of two sanitized sewage sludges, autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) and compost sludge, on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of pepper plants ( Capsicum annuum L. cv. Piquillo) grown in the greenhouse. Two doses of ATAD (15 and 30% v/v) and three of composted sludge (15, 30, and 45%) were applied to a peat-based potting mix. Unamended substrate was included as control. ATAD and composted sludge increased leaf, shoot, and root dry matter, as well as fruit yield, mainly due to a higher number of fruits per plant. There was no effect of sludge on fruit size (dry matter per fruit and diameter). The concentrations of Zn and Cu in fruit increased with the addition of sewage sludges. Nevertheless, the levels of these elements remained below toxic thresholds. Pepper fruits from sludge-amended plants maintained low concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, thus indicating low pungency level, in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Control Board of "Lodosa Piquillo peppers" Origin Denomination. The application of sludges did not modify the concentration of vitamin C (ASC) in fruit, whereas the highest doses of composted sludge tended to increase the content of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, without change in the GSH/GSSG ratio. There were no effects of sludge on the transcript levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of vitamin C, l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) or in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), and glutathione reductase (GR). Results suggest that the synthesis and degradation of ASC and GSH were compensated for in most of the treatments assayed. The application of sanitized sludges to pepper plants can improve pepper yield without loss of food nutritional quality, in terms of fruit size and vitamin C, glutathione, and capsaicinoid contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immaculada Pascual
- Dpto Biología Vegetal, Seccíon Biología Vegetal, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logrono, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Messaoudi I, Hammouda F, El Heni J, Baati T, Saïd K, Kerkeni A. Reversal of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes by selenium, zinc or their combination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:281-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Lee K, Bae DW, Kim SH, Han HJ, Liu X, Park HC, Lim CO, Lee SY, Chung WS. Comparative proteomic analysis of the short-term responses of rice roots and leaves to cadmium. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:161-8. [PMID: 19853963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is recognized as a major environmental pollutant. While Cd responses and toxicities in some plant species have been well established, there are few reports about the effects of short-term exposure to Cd on rice, a model monocotyledonous plant, at the proteome level. To investigate the effect of Cd in rice, we monitored the influence of Cd exposure on root and leaf proteomes. After Cd treatment, root and leaf tissues were separately collected and leaf proteins were fractionated with polyethylene glycol. Differentially regulated proteins were selected after image analysis and identified using MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 36 proteins were up- or down-regulated following Cd treatment. As expected, total glutathione levels were significantly decreased in Cd-treated roots, and approximately half of the up-regulated proteins in roots were involved in responses to oxidative stress. These results suggested that prompt antioxidative responses might be necessary for the reduction of Cd-induced oxidative stress in roots but not in leaves. In addition, RNA gel blot analysis showed that the proteins identified in the proteomic analysis were also differentially regulated at the transcriptional level. Collectively, our study provides insights into the integrated molecular mechanisms of early responses to Cd in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stoiber TL, Shafer MM, Armstrong DE. Differential effects of copper and cadmium exposure on toxicity endpoints and gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:191-200. [PMID: 20821435 DOI: 10.1002/etc.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of cadmium to aquatic organisms is well known, but the mechanisms of toxicity are not as clearly understood. In the present study, Cd bioassay experiments incorporating both traditional endpoints and novel thiol-based endpoints were conducted with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The results were compared with results from previous bioassay experiments to probe the apparent contrasting biochemical mechanisms of toxicity of copper and cadmium as expressed in cellular glutathione and the glutathione cycle. Total glutathione and reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) measurements were remarkably different in Cd- compared with Cu-exposed cells. Whereas total glutathione in cells decreased with increasing Cu concentration, Cd caused dramatic increases. Total glutathione increased by 4.5-fold with 80 nM Cd treatment over concentrations in Cd-free controls. Glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activity was positively correlated (r(2) (Cu) = 0.96, r(2) (Cd) = 0.85) with glutathione concentrations for both metals. Measurements of mRNA for GR were increased 2-fold in response to Cd exposure (80 nM) and correlated well with GR enzyme activity. Glutathione concentrations and GR enzyme activity are useful endpoints for both Cu and Cd toxicity in algae, even though the metals elicit opposing responses. We conclude that Cu decreases glutathione concentrations by inhibiting GR enzyme activity. In contrast, Cd stimulates GR enzyme activity and increases glutathione concentrations as cells respond to Cd-induced stress by producing increased antioxidant capacity. The present study demonstrates that determining the glutathione response in cells is important for understanding the metal-specific mechanisms of toxicity and that these associated novel endpoints may be useful metrics for accurately predicting toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Stoiber
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|