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Kuntic M, Hahad O, Al-Kindi S, Oelze M, Lelieveld J, Daiber A, Münzel T. Pathomechanistic Synergy Between Particulate Matter and Traffic Noise-Induced Cardiovascular Damage and the Classical Risk Factor Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38874533 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Wellness and Center for CV Computational & Precision Health, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
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2
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Li J, LoBue A, Heuser SK, Cortese-Krott MM. Determination of Nitric Oxide and Its Metabolites in Biological Tissues Using Ozone-Based Chemiluminescence Detection: A State-of-the-Art Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:179. [PMID: 38397777 PMCID: PMC10886078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ozone-based chemiluminescence detection (CLD) has been widely applied for determining nitric oxide (•NO) and its derived species in many different fields, such as environmental monitoring and biomedical research. In humans and animals, CLD has been applied to determine exhaled •NO and •NO metabolites in plasma and tissues. The main advantages of CLD are high sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative analysis in a wide dynamic range. Combining CLD with analytical separation techniques like chromatography allows for the analytes to be quantified with less disturbance from matrix components or impurities. Sampling techniques like microdialysis and flow injection analysis may be coupled to CLD with the possibility of real-time monitoring of •NO. However, details and precautions in experimental practice need to be addressed and clarified to avoid wrong estimations. Therefore, using CLD as a detection tool requires a deep understanding of the sample preparation procedure and chemical reactions used for liberating •NO from its derived species. In this review, we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of CLD for determining •NO species, list the different applications and combinations with other analytical techniques, and provide general practical notes for sample preparation. These guidelines are designed to assist researchers in comprehending CLD data and in selecting the most appropriate method for measuring •NO species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Sophia K. Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (A.L.); (S.K.H.)
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Stolyarova ED, Mikhailov AA, Ulantikov AA, Eremina JA, Klyushova LS, Kuratieva NV, Nadolinny VA, Kostin GA. Blue-to-red light triggered nitric oxide release in cytotoxic/cytostatic ruthenium nitrosyl complexes bearing biomimetic ligands. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yakovlev IA, Mikhailov AA, Eremina JA, Klyushova LS, Nadolinny VA, Kostin GA. Nitric oxide release and related light-induced cytotoxicity of ruthenium nitrosyls with coordinated nicotinate derivatives. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13516-13527. [PMID: 34495025 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic approaches for the preparation of trans(NO,OH)-cis(NO2,NO2)-[RuNO(L)2(NO2)2OH], where L = ethyl nicotinate (I) and methyl nicotinate (II), are reported. The structures of the complexes are characterized by X-ray diffraction and analyzed by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Both compounds show a nitric oxide release reaction under 445 or 532 nm irradiation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions, which is studied by combined ultraviolet-visible- (UV-vis), infrared- (IR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The charge transfer from the OH-Ru-NO chain and nitrite ligands to the antibonding orbitals of Ru-NO is responsible for the photo-cleavage of the ruthenium-nitrosyl bond. The elimination of NO leads to a side reaction, namely the protonation of the parent hydroxyl compound. The cytotoxicity and photo-induced cytotoxicity investigations of both compounds on the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 reveal that (I) and (II) are cytotoxic with IC50 values of 27.5 ± 2.8 μM and 23.3 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. Moreover, (I) shows an increase of the toxicity after light irradiation by 7 times (IC50 = 4.1 ± 0.1), which makes it a prominent target for deeper biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Yakovlev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Artem A Mikhailov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Julia A Eremina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Lyubov S Klyushova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics - Subdivision of FRC FTM, 2/12 Timakova str., Novosibirsk, 630060, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Nadolinny
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Gennadiy A Kostin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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5
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Li J, LoBue A, Heuser SK, Leo F, Cortese-Krott MM. Using diaminofluoresceins (DAFs) in nitric oxide research. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:44-54. [PMID: 34325012 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diaminofluoresceins (DAFs) are fluorescent probes widely applied to measure nitric oxide (NO) formation in cells and tissues. The main advantages of these compounds are their availability and low cost, and the general availability of instruments able to detect green fluorescence in all laboratories; these include fluorimeters, flow cytometers, and fluorescent microscopes. What made these molecules particularly interesting for many scientists approaching the NO field is that they are apparently very easy to use, as compared with other techniques requiring specific instrumentation and knowledge like chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance. However, the reactivity and biological chemistry of these probes in the cellular environment is rather complex and still not fully understood. Moreover, secondary reactions with ascorbate, or interference with thiols occur in cells. Therefore, the use of DAFs requires specific experimental planning and a careful interpretation of the results obtained. In this methodological review, we described in detail what is known about the reactivity of DAFs, their application in biological assays, list some principles to help experimental planning, including the necessary controls, and list the caveats concerning result interpretation. These guiding principles will help to understand the "Method behind our DAF-madness".
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Group, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Differential Induction Pattern Towards Classically Activated Macrophages in Response to an Immunomodulatory Extract from Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030206. [PMID: 33799778 PMCID: PMC8000819 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom preparations have been investigated because of their ability to modulate the immune function. However, there is still no consensus regarding the activation and polarizing effect on macrophages by Pleurotus-derived bioproducts. This study examined the immune-activating effect of a mycelium-derived P. ostreatus aqueous extract (HW-Pm) on macrophage functions, by means of the determination of nitric oxide (NO) production, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Arginase-1 and FIZZ and the cytokine levels. The phagocytic activity and the activation of NF-κB in U937 reporter cells were also investigated. No cytotoxicity was observed in macrophages treated with HW-Pm (IC50 > 1024 μg/mL) by the resazurin test. HW-Pm induced high levels of NO production and iNOS expression in macrophages. In contrast, HW-Pm did not induce Arginase-1 and FIZZ mRNA expressions. The mushroom extract increased TNF-α and IL-6 production and the phagocytic function in murine macrophages. It also stimulated the activation of the NF-κB promoter. The P. ostreatus mycelium extract has a potential application as a natural immune-enhancing agent, by targeting macrophage activation towards the classically activated subset and stimulating macrophage-mediated innate immune responses.
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7
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Mikoyan VD, Burgova EN, Borodulin RR, Vanin AF. Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containing Ligands Exist in Living Organisms Mainly in the Binuclear Form. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Abstract
Initially being considered as an environmental pollutant, nitric oxide has gained the momentum of research since its discovery as endothelial derived growth factor in 1987. Extensive researches have revealed the various pathological and physiological roles of nitric oxide such as inflammation, vascular and neurological regulation functions. Hence, the development of methods for quantifying nitric oxide concentration and its metabolites will be beneficial to well know about its biological functions and effects. This review summaries various methods for in vitro and in vivo nitric oxide detection, and introduces their merits and demerits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Goshi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaoxin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianjun He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Helmstädter J, Frenis K, Filippou K, Grill A, Dib M, Kalinovic S, Pawelke F, Kus K, Kröller-Schön S, Oelze M, Chlopicki S, Schuppan D, Wenzel P, Ruf W, Drucker DJ, Münzel T, Daiber A, Steven S. Endothelial GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Receptor Mediates Cardiovascular Protection by Liraglutide In Mice With Experimental Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:145-158. [PMID: 31747801 PMCID: PMC6946108 DOI: 10.1161/atv.0000615456.97862.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Cardiovascular outcome trials demonstrated that GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) analogs including liraglutide reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Whether GLP-1 analogs reduce the risk for atherosclerosis independent of glycemic control is challenging to elucidate as the GLP-1R (GLP-1 receptor) is expressed on different cell types, including endothelial and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Helmstädter
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantina Filippou
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Grill
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (A.G., P.W., W.R., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (A.G., W.R., T.M., A.D.)
| | - Mobin Dib
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Pawelke
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) (K.K., S.C.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) (K.K., S.C.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology (S.C.), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology (D.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (A.G., P.W., W.R., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (A.G., P.W., W.R., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (A.G., W.R., T.M., A.D.)
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada (D.J.D.)
| | - Thomas Münzel
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (A.G., W.R., T.M., A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (A.G., W.R., T.M., A.D.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- From the Center for Cardiology (J.H., K. Frenis, K. Filippou, M.D., S.K., F.P., S.K.-S., M.O., P.W. T.M., A.D., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (A.G., P.W., W.R., S.S.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Jansen T, Kröller-Schön S, Schönfelder T, Foretz M, Viollet B, Daiber A, Oelze M, Brandt M, Steven S, Kvandová M, Kalinovic S, Lagrange J, Keaney JF, Münzel T, Wenzel P, Schulz E. α1AMPK deletion in myelomonocytic cells induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhances angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1883-1893. [PMID: 29982418 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Immune cell function involves energy-dependent processes including growth, proliferation, and cytokine production. Since the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of intracellular energy homeostasis, its expression and activity may also affect innate and adaptive immune cell responses. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the consequences of α1AMPK deletion in myelomonocytic cells on vascular function, inflammation, and hypertension during chronic angiotensin II (ATII) treatment. Methods and results We generated a mouse strain with α1AMPK deletion in lysozyme M+ myelomonocytic cells. Compared to controls, chronic ATII infusion (1 mg/kg/day for 7 days) lead to increased vascular oxidative stress and aggravated endothelial dysfunction in LysM-Cre+ x α1AMPKfl/fl mice. This was accompanied by an increased aortic infiltration of CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine release (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-6). Mechanistically, we found that increased expression of C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in α1AMPK deficient myelomonocytic cells facilitated their recruitment to the vascular wall. In addition, expression of the ATII receptor type 1a and the oxidative burst was increased in these cells, indicating an increased susceptibility towards pro-oxidant stimuli. Conclusions In summary, α1AMPK deletion in myelomonocytic cells aggravates vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction by enhancing their recruitment to the vascular wall and increasing their susceptibility towards pro-oxidant stimuli. Our observations suggest that metabolic control in myelomonocytic cells has profound implications for their inflammatory phenotype and may trigger the development of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jansen
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönfelder
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 24 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 24 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miroslava Kvandová
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jeremy Lagrange
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Zhang Z, Xie X, Yao Q, Liu J, Tian Y, Yang C, Xiao L, Wang N. PPARδ agonist prevents endothelial dysfunction via induction of dihydrofolate reductase gene and activation of tetrahydrobiopterin salvage pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2945-2961. [PMID: 31144304 PMCID: PMC6637045 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. A deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) causes endothelial NOS to produce ROS rather than NO. PPARδ is an emerging target for pharmacological intervention of endothelial dysfunction. Thus, the present study examined the role of PPARδ in the regulation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a key enzyme in the BH4 salvage pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gene expression was measured by using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Biopterins and ROS were determined by using HPLC. NO was measured with fluorescent dye and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Vasorelaxation was measured by Multi Myograph System. KEY RESULTS The PPARδ agonist GW501516 increased DHFR and BH4 levels in endothelial cells (ECs). The effect was blocked by PPARδ antagonist GSK0660. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified PPAR-responsive elements within the 5'-flanking region of the human DHFR gene. The promoter activity was examined with luciferase assays using deletion reporters. Importantly, DHFR expression was suppressed by palmitic acid (PA, a saturated fatty acid) but increased by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a polyunsaturated fatty acid). GSK0660 prevented DHA-induced increased DHFR expression. Conversely, the suppressive effect of PA was mitigated by GW501516. In mouse aortae, GW501516 ameliorated the PA-impaired EDR. However, this vasoprotective effect was attenuated by DHFR siRNA or methotrexate. In EC-specific Ppard knockout mice, GW501516 failed to improve vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PPARδ prevented endothelial dysfunction by increasing DHFR and activating the BH4 salvage pathway. These results provide a novel mechanism for the protective roles of PPARδ against vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xinya Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ying Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chunmiao Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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12
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Kröller-Schön S, Jansen T, Tran TLP, Kvandová M, Kalinovic S, Oelze M, Keaney JF, Foretz M, Viollet B, Daiber A, Kossmann S, Lagrange J, Frenis K, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Schulz E. Endothelial α1AMPK modulates angiotensin II-mediated vascular inflammation and dysfunction. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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AMP-activated protein kinase activation and NADPH oxidase inhibition by inorganic nitrate and nitrite prevent liver steatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:217-226. [PMID: 30559212 PMCID: PMC6320503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809406115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis, or fatty liver, is the most common liver disease in the world, affecting up to 25% of all Americans. There is currently no approved drug available for this condition, which may progress to serious disease, including steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Here, we show in rodent and human models of metabolic syndrome that steatosis can be prevented by a simple dietary approach. Inorganic nitrate, present in green leafy vegetables, is converted in vivo to nitric oxide (NO) in a process involving symbiotic host bacteria. NO then induces key metabolic regulatory pathways to ultimately reduce oxidative stress and improve cardiometabolic functions. Clinical trials would be helpful to tell if dietary nitrate is useful in treatment and prevention of fatty liver disease. Advanced age and unhealthy dietary habits contribute to the increasing incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These metabolic disorders, which are often accompanied by oxidative stress and compromised nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular complications and development of fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of dietary nitrate, which is found in high levels in green leafy vegetables, on liver steatosis associated with metabolic syndrome. Dietary nitrate fuels a nitrate–nitrite–NO signaling pathway, which prevented many features of metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis that developed in mice fed a high-fat diet, with or without combination with an inhibitor of NOS (l-NAME). These favorable effects of nitrate were absent in germ-free mice, demonstrating the central importance of host microbiota in bioactivation of nitrate. In a human liver cell line (HepG2) and in a validated hepatic 3D model with primary human hepatocyte spheroids, nitrite treatment reduced the degree of metabolically induced steatosis (i.e., high glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids), as well as drug-induced steatosis (i.e., amiodarone). Mechanistically, the salutary metabolic effects of nitrate and nitrite can be ascribed to nitrite-derived formation of NO species and activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase, where xanthine oxidoreductase is proposed to mediate the reduction of nitrite. Boosting this nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway results in attenuation of NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and downstream signaling pathways regulating lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose homeostasis. These findings may have implications for novel nutrition-based preventive and therapeutic strategies against liver steatosis associated with metabolic dysfunction.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is gaining increasing attention as a central molecule with diverse signaling functions. It has been shown that NO acts as a negative regulator of leaf senescence. In this chapter, we describe a highly selective method, electron paramagnetic resonance ([EPR], also known as electron spin resonance [ESR]), for NO determination in leaf senescence. An iron complex of ferrous and mononitrosyl dithiocarbamate (Fe2+(DETC)2) is used as a chelating agent for NO. Using ethyl acetate as extracting solvent, the NOFe2+(DETC)2 complex is extracted and determined by EPR spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Sun
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Modulation of Vascular Function by AMPK: Assessment of NO Bioavailability and Surrogates of Oxidative Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1732:495-506. [PMID: 29480495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in the development of vascular disease. Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide, a condition known as "endothelial dysfunction," is considered an early step in this process before atherosclerotic changes of the vessel wall occur. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (•NO) may be rapidly scavenged by superoxide anions; therefore, the equilibrium between •NO production on one hand and its inactivation by oxidative stress on the other hand is of particular interest. Metabolic enzyme systems such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may affect the cellular production of •NO or reactive oxygen species (ROS), while AMPK activity itself can also be modulated by ROS. Therefore, the analysis of •NO as well as ROS levels is essential to understand how metabolism regulating enzymes like AMPK may modulate vascular disease.
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16
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Daiber A, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T. Taking up the cudgels for the traditional reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detection assays and their use in the cardiovascular system. Redox Biol 2017; 12:35-49. [PMID: 28212522 PMCID: PMC5312509 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS such as H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular functions (e.g. differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis), initiate and catalyze adaptive stress responses. In contrast, excessive formation of RONS caused by impaired break-down by cellular antioxidant systems and/or insufficient repair of the resulting oxidative damage of biomolecules may lead to appreciable impairment of cellular function and in the worst case to cell death, organ dysfunction and severe disease phenotypes of the entire organism. Therefore, the knowledge of the severity of oxidative stress and tissue specific localization is of great biological and clinical importance. However, at this level of investigation quantitative information may be enough. For the development of specific drugs, the cellular and subcellular localization of the sources of RONS or even the nature of the reactive species may be of great importance, and accordingly, more qualitative information is required. These two different philosophies currently compete with each other and their different needs (also reflected by different detection assays) often lead to controversial discussions within the redox research community. With the present review we want to shed some light on these different philosophies and needs (based on our personal views), but also to defend some of the traditional assays for the detection of RONS that work very well in our hands and to provide some guidelines how to use and interpret the results of these assays. We will also provide an overview on the "new assays" with a brief discussion on their strengths but also weaknesses and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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EPR Characterization of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containing Ligands as an Approach to Their Identification in Biological Objects: An Overview. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:3-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Karimi Galougahi K, Liu CC, Garcia A, Gentile C, Fry NA, Hamilton EJ, Hawkins CL, Figtree GA. β3 Adrenergic Stimulation Restores Nitric Oxide/Redox Balance and Enhances Endothelial Function in Hyperglycemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002824. [PMID: 26896479 PMCID: PMC4802476 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbed balance between NO and O2 (•-). (ie, NO/redox imbalance) is central in the pathobiology of diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. We examined whether stimulation of β3 adrenergic receptors (β3 ARs), coupled to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, would re-establish NO/redox balance, relieve oxidative inhibition of the membrane proteins eNOS and Na(+)-K(+) (NK) pump, and improve vascular function in a new animal model of hyperglycemia. METHODS AND RESULTS We established hyperglycemia in male White New Zealand rabbits by infusion of S961, a competitive high-affinity peptide inhibitor of the insulin receptor. Hyperglycemia impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by "uncoupling" of eNOS via glutathionylation (eNOS-GSS) that was dependent on NADPH oxidase activity. Accordingly, NO levels were lower while O2 (•-) levels were higher in hyperglycemic rabbits. Infusion of the β3 AR agonist CL316243 (CL) decreased eNOS-GSS, reduced O2 (•-), restored NO levels, and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation. CL decreased hyperglycemia-induced NADPH oxidase activation as suggested by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, and it increased eNOS co-immunoprecipitation with glutaredoxin-1, which may reflect promotion of eNOS de-glutathionylation by CL. Moreover, CL reversed hyperglycemia-induced glutathionylation of the β1 NK pump subunit that causes NK pump inhibition, and improved K(+)-induced vasorelaxation that reflects enhancement in NK pump activity. Lastly, eNOS-GSS was higher in vessels of diabetic patients and was reduced by CL, suggesting potential significance of the experimental findings in human diabetes. CONCLUSIONS β3 AR activation restored NO/redox balance and improved endothelial function in hyperglycemia. β3 AR agonists may confer protection against diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/chemically induced
- Diabetic Angiopathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Enzyme Activation
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/chemically induced
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/enzymology
- Hyperglycemia/physiopathology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptides
- Rabbits
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia University of Sydney Medical School Foundation, Sydney, Australia Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Chia-Chi Liu
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alvaro Garcia
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natasha A Fry
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Elisha J Hamilton
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gemma A Figtree
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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19
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O'Neill F, Riwanto M, Charakida M, Colin S, Manz J, McLoughlin E, Khan T, Klein N, Kay CWM, Patel K, Chinetti G, Staels B, D'Aiuto F, Landmesser U, Deanfield J. Structural and functional changes in HDL with low grade and chronic inflammation. Int J Cardiol 2015; 188:111-6. [PMID: 25919891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL functionality has been shown to be impaired in inflammatory conditions, including coronary artery disease. The present study aims to determine the impact of low grade and acute inflammation on HDL function and structure. APPROACH AND RESULTS i) The endothelial protective effects of HDL were compared between 26 periodontal patients and 26 age and sex matched controls by measuring paraoxonase activity in serum and nitric oxide bioavailability and superoxide production in endothelial cells. Paraoxonase activity and nitric oxide bioavailability were reduced, while superoxide production was increased (p<0.01) in periodontal patients compared to controls. ii) HDL function, including cholesterol efflux and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, was subsequently measured in the periodontal patients following an inflammatory stimulus. There was an acute deterioration in HDL's endothelial protective function, without change in cholesterol efflux, after 24h (p<0.01 for all). These functional changes tracked increases of inflammatory markers and altered HDL composition. Finally, HDL function returned to baseline levels after resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that even minor alterations in systemic inflammation can impair the endothelial protective effects of HDL. These functional changes were independent of cholesterol efflux and were associated with remodeling of the HDL proteome. All measures of HDL's endothelial protective functions recovered with resolution of inflammation. These findings suggest that HDL dysfunction may represent a novel mechanism linking inflammation with progression of atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O'Neill
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marietta Charakida
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Colin
- Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR1011, EGID, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jasmin Manz
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eve McLoughlin
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tauseef Khan
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kalpesh Patel
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Giulia Chinetti
- Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR1011, EGID, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR1011, EGID, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Deanfield
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University College London, London, UK.
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20
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Teng XL, Chen N, Xiao XG. Identification of a Catalase-Phenol Oxidase in Betalain Biosynthesis in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1228. [PMID: 26779247 PMCID: PMC4705222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Betalains are a group of nitrogen-containing pigments that color plants in most families of Caryophyllales. Their biosynthesis has long been proposed to begin with hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA through monophenolase activity of tyrosinase, but biochemical evidence in vivo remains lacking. Here we report that a Group 4 catalase, catalase-phenol oxidase (named as AcCATPO), was identified, purified and characterized from leaves of Amaranthus cruentus, a betalain plant. The purified enzyme appeared to be a homotrimeric protein composed of subunits of about 58 kDa, and demonstrated not only the catalase activity toward H2O2, but also the monophenolase activity toward L-tyrosine and diphenolase activity toward L-DOPA. Its catalase and phenol oxidase activities were inhibited by common classic catalase and tyrosinase inhibitors, respectively. All its peptide fragments identified by nano-LC-MS/MS were targeted to catalases, and matched with a cDNA-encoded polypeptide which contains both classic catalase and phenol oxidase active sites. These sites were also present in catalases of non-betalain plants analyzed. AcCATPO transcript abundance was positively correlated with the ratio of betaxanthin to betacyanin in both green and red leaf sectors of A. tricolor. These data shows that the fourth group catalase, catalase-phenol oxidase, is present in plant, and might be involved in betaxanthin biosynthesis.
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21
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Cheng AM, Rizzo-DeLeon N, Wilson CL, Lee WJ, Tateya S, Clowes AW, Schwartz MW, Kim F. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein protects against vascular inflammation and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E571-9. [PMID: 25117404 PMCID: PMC4187027 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00303.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the pleotropic effects of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) is protection against vascular inflammation during high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The current work investigated the role of the enzyme vasodilatory-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) as a downstream mediator of the anti-inflammatory effect of NO signaling in vascular tissue. Relative to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD), levels of VASP Ser(239) phosphorylation, a marker of VASP activation, were dramatically reduced in aortic tissue of mice with obesity induced by consuming a HFD. As reported previously, the effect of the HFD was associated with increased aortic inflammation, as measured by increased NF-κB-dependent gene expression, and reduced vascular insulin sensitivity (including insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt). These effects of the HFD were recapitulated by VASP knockout, implying a physiological role for VASP to constrain inflammatory signaling and thereby maintain vascular insulin sensitivity. Conversely, overexpression of VASP in endothelial cells blocked inflammation and insulin resistance induced by palmitate. The finding that transplantation of bone marrow from VASP-deficient donors into normal recipients does not recapitulate the vascular effects of whole body VASP deficiency suggests that the protective effects of this enzyme are not mediated in immune or other bone marrow-derived cells. These studies implicate VASP as a downstream mediator of the NO/cGMP pathway that is both necessary and sufficient to protect against vascular inflammation and insulin resistance. As such, this work identifies VASP as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Norma Rizzo-DeLeon
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sanshiro Tateya
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Galougahi KK, Liu CC, Gentile C, Kok C, Nunez A, Garcia A, Fry NAS, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL, Rasmussen HH, Figtree GA. Glutathionylation mediates angiotensin II-induced eNOS uncoupling, amplifying NADPH oxidase-dependent endothelial dysfunction. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000731. [PMID: 24755153 PMCID: PMC4187489 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Glutathionylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) “uncouples” the enzyme, switching its function from nitric oxide (NO) to O2•− generation. We examined whether this reversible redox modification plays a role in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results Ang II increased eNOS glutathionylation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), rabbit aorta, and human arteries in vitro. This was associated with decreased NO bioavailability and eNOS activity as well as increased O2•− generation. Ang II‐induced decrease in eNOS activity was mediated by glutathionylation, as shown by restoration of function by glutaredoxin‐1. Moreover, Ang II‐induced increase in O2•− and decrease in NO were abolished in HUVECs transiently transfected, with mutant eNOS rendered resistant to glutathionylation. Ang II effects were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase dependent because preincubation with gp 91ds‐tat, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, abolished the increase in eNOS glutathionylation and loss of eNOS activity. Functional significance of glutathionylation in intact vessels was supported by Ang II‐induced impairment of endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation that was abolished by the disulfide reducing agent, dithiothreitol. Furthermore, attenuation of Ang II signaling in vivo by administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor reduced eNOS glutathionylation, increased NO, diminished O2•−, improved endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation and reduced blood pressure. Conclusions Uncoupling of eNOS by glutathionylation is a key mediator of Ang II‐induced endothelial dysfunction, and its reversal is a mechanism for cardiovascular protection by ACE inhibition. We suggest that Ang II‐induced O2•− generation in endothelial cells, although dependent on NADPH oxidase, is amplified by glutathionylation‐dependent eNOS uncoupling.
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23
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Speer T, Rohrer L, Blyszczuk P, Shroff R, Kuschnerus K, Kränkel N, Kania G, Zewinger S, Akhmedov A, Shi Y, Martin T, Perisa D, Winnik S, Müller MF, Sester U, Wernicke G, Jung A, Gutteck U, Eriksson U, Geisel J, Deanfield J, von Eckardstein A, Lüscher TF, Fliser D, Bahlmann FH, Landmesser U. Abnormal high-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction via activation of Toll-like receptor-2. Immunity 2013; 38:754-68. [PMID: 23477738 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction (ED) represent a link between cardiovascular risk factors promoting hypertension and atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in Western populations. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered antiatherogenic and known to prevent ED. Using HDL from children and adults with chronic kidney dysfunction (HDL(CKD)), a population with high cardiovascular risk, we have demonstrated that HDL(CKD) in contrast to HDL(Healthy) promoted endothelial superoxide production, substantially reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and subsequently increased arterial blood pressure (ABP). We have identified symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in HDL(CKD) that causes transformation from physiological HDL into an abnormal lipoprotein inducing ED. Furthermore, we report that HDL(CKD) reduced endothelial NO availability via toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), leading to impaired endothelial repair, increased proinflammatory activation, and ABP. These data demonstrate how SDMA can modify the HDL particle to mimic a damage-associated molecular pattern that activates TLR-2 via a TLR-1- or TLR-6-coreceptor-independent pathway, linking abnormal HDL to innate immunity, ED, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimoteus Speer
- Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Cortese-Krott MM, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Kuhnle GGC, Brown G, Feelisch M, Kelm M. A multilevel analytical approach for detection and visualization of intracellular NO production and nitrosation events using diaminofluoresceins. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2146-58. [PMID: 23026413 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diaminofluoresceins are widely used probes for detection and intracellular localization of NO formation in cultured/isolated cells and intact tissues. The fluorinated derivative 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) has gained increasing popularity in recent years because of its improved NO sensitivity, pH stability, and resistance to photobleaching compared to the first-generation compound, DAF-2. Detection of NO production by either reagent relies on conversion of the parent compound into a fluorescent triazole, DAF-FM-T and DAF-2-T, respectively. Although this reaction is specific for NO and/or reactive nitrosating species, it is also affected by the presence of oxidants/antioxidants. Moreover, the reaction with other molecules can lead to the formation of fluorescent products other than the expected triazole. Thus additional controls and structural confirmation of the reaction products are essential. Using human red blood cells as an exemplary cellular system we here describe robust protocols for the analysis of intracellular DAF-FM-T formation using an array of fluorescence-based methods (laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorimetry) and analytical separation techniques (reversed-phase HPLC and LC-MS/MS). When used in combination, these assays afford unequivocal identification of the fluorescent signal as being derived from NO and are applicable to most other cellular systems without or with only minor modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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25
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Human red blood cells at work: identification and visualization of erythrocytic eNOS activity in health and disease. Blood 2012; 120:4229-37. [PMID: 23007404 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-442277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity has been demonstrated in human red blood cells (RBCs), but doubts about its functional significance, isoform identity and disease relevance remain. Using flow cytometry in combination with the nitric oxide (NO)-imaging probe DAF-FM we find that all blood cells form NO intracellularly, with a rank order of monocytes > neutrophils > lymphocytes > RBCs > platelets. The observation of a NO-related fluorescence within RBCs was unexpected given the abundance of the NO-scavenger oxyhemoglobin. Constitutive normoxic NO formation was abolished by NOS inhibition and intracellular NO scavenging, confirmed by laser-scanning microscopy and unequivocally validated by detection of the DAF-FM reaction product with NO using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Using immunoprecipitation, ESI-MS/MS-based peptide sequencing and enzymatic assay we further demonstrate that human RBCs contain an endothelial NOS (eNOS) that converts L-(3)H-arginine to L-(3)H-citrulline in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent fashion. Moreover, in patients with coronary artery disease, red cell eNOS expression and activity are both lower than in age-matched healthy individuals and correlate with the degree of endothelial dysfunction. Thus, human RBCs constitutively produce NO under normoxic conditions via an active eNOS isoform, the activity of which is compromised in patients with coronary artery disease.
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eNOS protects from atherosclerosis despite relevant superoxide production by the enzyme in apoE mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30193. [PMID: 22291917 PMCID: PMC3264598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background All three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. NOS enzymes in general catalyse NO production. However, under conditions of substrate and cofactor deficiency, the enzyme directly catalyse superoxide formation. Considering this alternative chemistry, the effects of NOS on key events in spontaneous hyperlipidemia driven atherosclerosis have not been investigated yet. Here, we evaluate how endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates leukocyte/endothelial- (L/E) and platelet/endothelial- (P/E) interactions in atherosclerosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by the enzyme. Principal Findings Intravital microscopy (IVM) of carotid arteries revealed significantly increased L/E-interactions in apolipoproteinE/eNOS double knockout mice (apoE−/−/eNOS−/−), while P/E-interactions did not differ, compared to apoE−/−. eNOS deficiency increased macrophage infiltration in carotid arteries and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, both in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Despite the expression of other NOS isoforms (inducible NOS, iNOS and neuronal NOS, nNOS) in plaques, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements of NO showed significant contribution of eNOS to total circulating and vascular wall NO production. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of eNOS reduced vascular superoxide production, indicating uncoupling of the enzyme in apoE−/− vessels. Conclusion Overt plaque formation, increased vascular inflammation and L/E- interactions are associated with significant reduction of superoxide production in apoE−/−/eNOS−/− vessels. Therefore, lack of eNOS does not cause an automatic increase in oxidative stress. Uncoupling of eNOS occurs in apoE−/− atherosclerosis but does not negate the enzyme's strong protective effects.
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Iwata NG, Pham M, Rizzo NO, Cheng AM, Maloney E, Kim F. Trans fatty acids induce vascular inflammation and reduce vascular nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29600. [PMID: 22216328 PMCID: PMC3247279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of trans fatty acids (TFA), which are consumed by eating foods made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. This relation can be explained by many factors including TFA's negative effect on endothelial function and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. In this study we investigated the effects of three different TFA (2 common isomers of C18 found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and a C18 isomer found from ruminant-derived—dairy products and meat) on endothelial NF-κB activation and nitric oxide (NO) production. Human endothelial cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Elaidic (trans-C18:1 (9 trans)), Linoelaidic (trans-C18:2 (9 trans, 12 trans)), and Transvaccenic (trans-C18:1 (11 trans)) for 3 h. Both Elaidic and Linoelaidic acids were associated with increasing NF-κB activation as measured by IL-6 levels and phosphorylation of IκBα, and impairment of endothelial insulin signaling and NO production, whereas Transvaccenic acid was not associated with these responses. We also measured superoxide production, which has been hypothesized to be necessary in fatty acid-dependent activation of NF-κB. Both Elaidic acid and Linoelaidic acid are associated with increased superoxide production, whereas Transvaccenic acid (which did not induce inflammatory responses) did not increase superoxide production. We observed differential activation of endothelial superoxide production, NF-κB activation, and reduction in NO production by different C18 isomers suggesting that the location and number of trans double bonds effect endothelial NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi G. Iwata
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matilda Pham
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Norma O. Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ezekiel Maloney
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sonnenschein K, Horváth T, Mueller M, Markowski A, Siegmund T, Jacob C, Drexler H, Landmesser U. Exercise training improves in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:406-14. [PMID: 21450652 DOI: 10.1177/1741826710389373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and injury are considered to contribute considerably to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. It has been suggested that intense exercise training can increase the number and angiogenic properties of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, whether exercise training stimulates the capacity of early EPCs to promote repair of endothelial damage and potential underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of moderate exercise training on in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early EPCs, and their nitric oxide and superoxide production as characterized by electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four subjects with metabolic syndrome were randomized to an 8 weeks exercise training or a control group. Superoxide production and nitric oxide (NO) availability of early EPCs were characterized by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy analysis. In vivo endothelial repair capacity of EPCs was examined by transplantation into nude mice with defined carotid endothelial injury. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation was analysed using high-resolution ultrasound. Importantly, exercise training resulted in a substantially improved in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early EPCs (24.0 vs 12.7%; p < 0.05) and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Nitric oxide production of EPCs was substantially increased after exercise training, but not in the control group. Moreover, exercise training reduced superoxide production of EPCs, which was not observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests for the first time that moderate exercise training increases nitric oxide production of early endothelial progenitor cells and reduces their superoxide production. Importantly, this is associated with a marked beneficial effect on the in vivo endothelial repair capacity of early EPCs in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sonnenschein
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Schuhmacher S, Foretz M, Knorr M, Jansen T, Hortmann M, Wenzel P, Oelze M, Kleschyov AL, Daiber A, Keaney JF, Wegener G, Lackner K, Münzel T, Viollet B, Schulz E. α1AMP-activated protein kinase preserves endothelial function during chronic angiotensin II treatment by limiting Nox2 upregulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:560-6. [PMID: 21205985 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.219543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides its well-described metabolic effects, vascular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate endothelial NO synthase, promotes angiogenesis, and limits endothelial cell apoptosis. The current study was designed to study the effects of α1AMPK deletion during vascular disease in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Chronic angiotensin II infusion at low subpressor doses caused a mild endothelial dysfunction that was significantly aggravated in α1AMPK-knockout mice. Unexpectedly, this endothelial dysfunction was not associated with decreased NO content, because NO levels measured by serum nitrite or electron paramagnetic resonance were even increased. However, because of parallel superoxide production, NO was consumed under production of peroxynitrite in angiotensin II-treated α1AMPK-knockout mice, associated with NADPH oxidase activation and Nox2 upregulation. As Nox2 is also a component of phagocyte NADPH oxidases, we found a vascular upregulation of several proinflammatory markers, including inducible NO synthase, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and cyclooxygenase-2. Cotreatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin was able to prevent vascular inflammation and also partially restored endothelial function in α1AMPK-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in vivo α1AMPK deletion leads to Nox2 upregulation, resulting in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. This implicates basal AMPK activity as a protective, redox-regulating element in vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swenja Schuhmacher
- Department of Cardiology, II Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Vanin AF, Timoshin AA. Determination of in vivo nitric oxide levels in animal tissues using a novel spin trapping technology. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 704:135-149. [PMID: 21161635 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-964-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that microdialysis ensured by the passage of aqueous solutions of Fe(3+) complexes with N-methyl-D: -glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGDMGD ) through fine dialysis fibers permeable for compounds with molecular weights below 5 kDa. These fibers can be implanted into heart, liver, and kidney tissues, enabling effective binding of Fe(3+)-MGD complexes to nitric oxide generated in interstitial fluids of narcotized rats in vivo. Subsequent treatment of dialyzate samples (60 μL) with sodium dithionite favors conversion of newly formed diamagnetic NO-Fe(3+)-MGD complexes into electron paramagnetic resonance-detectable NO-Fe(2+)-MGD complexes. The basal levels of NO determined from the concentrations of the complexes in the respective tissues are similar (1 μМ). The microdialysis data suggest that treatment of rats with a water-soluble analogue of nitroglycerine or a dinitrosyl iron complex with thiosulfate induces a long-lasting (>1 h) increase in the steady-state level of NO in animal tissues. This novel technology can be used for comparative analyses of production rates of NO and reactive oxygen species when using iron-dithiocarbamate complexes and spin traps for reactive oxygen species, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly F Vanin
- Semyonov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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31
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Deschacht M, Horemans T, Martinet W, Bult H, Maes L, Cos P. Comparative EPR study of different macrophage types stimulated for superoxide and nitric oxide production. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:763-72. [PMID: 20446898 DOI: 10.3109/10715761003782288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the major impact of ROS on human health, their quantification remains difficult and requires an analytical approach, such as the EPR spin trap technique. In this study, a comparative EPR analysis of different macrophage types stimulated for superoxide and nitric oxide production was performed. U937 monocytes, J774A.1, RAW 264.7 and primary mouse (PMM) macrophages were included. In contrast to the U937 cells, all macrophages produced significant EPR signals after stimulation. The use of PMA as stimulator and CM-H as spin probe led to the highest response in EPR signals for detection of O(2)(.-) as nitroxide radical. A combination of LPS and IFN-gamma and the spin trap [Fe(DETC)(2)] turned out to be the best combination for the production and detection of intracellular NO spin adducts. In conclusion, this study established practical experimental conditions for the EPR analysis of O(2)(.-) and NO produced by different types of activated macrophages.
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Casós K, Zaragozá MC, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K, Andrisic L, Portero-Otín M, Cacabelos D, Mitjavila MT. A fish oil-rich diet reduces vascular oxidative stress in apoE–/–mice. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:821-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.485992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Sorrentino SA, Besler C, Rohrer L, Meyer M, Heinrich K, Bahlmann FH, Mueller M, Horváth T, Doerries C, Heinemann M, Flemmer S, Markowski A, Manes C, Bahr MJ, Haller H, von Eckardstein A, Drexler H, Landmesser U. Endothelial-vasoprotective effects of high-density lipoprotein are impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but are improved after extended-release niacin therapy. Circulation 2009; 121:110-22. [PMID: 20026785 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.836346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising therapies are currently under intense evaluation, but the effects of HDL may be highly heterogeneous. We therefore compared the endothelial effects of HDL from healthy subjects and from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and low HDL (meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome), who are frequently considered for HDL-raising therapies. Moreover, in diabetic patients, we examined the impact of extended-release (ER) niacin therapy on the endothelial effects of HDL. METHODS AND RESULTS HDL was isolated from healthy subjects (n=10) and patients with type 2 diabetes (n=33) by sequential ultracentrifugation. Effects of HDL on endothelial nitric oxide and superoxide production were characterized by electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis. Effects of HDL on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and early endothelial progenitor cell-mediated endothelial repair were examined. Patients with diabetes were randomized to a 3-month therapy with ER niacin (1500 mg/d) or placebo, and endothelial effects of HDL were characterized. HDL from healthy subjects stimulated endothelial nitric oxide production, reduced endothelial oxidant stress, and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and early endothelial progenitor cell-mediated endothelial repair. In contrast, these beneficial endothelial effects of HDL were not observed in HDL from diabetic patients, which suggests markedly impaired endothelial-protective properties of HDL. ER niacin therapy improved the capacity of HDL to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide, to reduce superoxide production, and to promote endothelial progenitor cell-mediated endothelial repair. Further measurements suggested increased lipid oxidation of HDL in diabetic patients, and a reduction after ER niacin therapy. CONCLUSIONS HDL from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome has substantially impaired endothelial-protective effects compared with HDL from healthy subjects. ER niacin therapy not only increases HDL plasma levels but markedly improves endothelial-protective functions of HDL in these patients, which is potentially more important. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00346970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajoscha A Sorrentino
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Hong H, Sun J, Cai W. Multimodality imaging of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:684-98. [PMID: 19524664 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthases (NOSs) are crucial factors in many pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, vascular/neurological function, and many types of cancer. Noninvasive imaging of NO or NOS can provide new insights in understanding these diseases and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art multimodality imaging in detecting NO and NOSs, including optical (fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission tomography (PET). With continued effort over the last several years, these noninvasive imaging techniques can now reveal the biodistribution of NO or NOS in living subjects with high fidelity which will greatly facilitate scientists/clinicians in the development of new drugs and/or patient management. Lastly, we will also discuss future directions/applications of NO/NOS imaging. Successful development of novel NO/NOS imaging agents with optimal in vivo stability and desirable pharmacokinetics for clinical translation will enable the maximum benefit in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, USA
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35
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Billaud M, Marthan R, Savineau JP, Guibert C. Vascular smooth muscle modulates endothelial control of vasoreactivity via reactive oxygen species production through myoendothelial communications. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6432. [PMID: 19649279 PMCID: PMC2713830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial control of vascular smooth muscle plays a major role in the resulting vasoreactivity implicated in physiological or pathological circulatory processes. However, a comprehensive understanding of endothelial (EC)/smooth muscle cells (SMC) crosstalk is far from complete. Here, we have examined the role of gap junctions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this crosstalk and we demonstrate an active contribution of SMC to endothelial control of vasomotor tone. Methodology/Principal Findings In small intrapulmonary arteries, quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot analyses and immunofluorescent labeling evidenced connexin (Cx) 37, 40 and 43 in EC and/or SMC. Functional experiments showed that the Cx-mimetic peptide targeted against Cx 37 and Cx 43 (37,43Gap27) (1) reduced contractile and calcium responses to serotonin (5-HT) simultaneously recorded in pulmonary arteries and (2) abolished the diffusion in SMC of carboxyfluorescein-AM loaded in EC. Similarly, contractile and calcium responses to 5-HT were decreased by superoxide dismutase and catalase which, catabolise superoxide anion and H2O2, respectively. Both Cx- and ROS-mediated effects on the responses to 5-HT were reversed by L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor or endothelium removal. Electronic paramagnetic resonance directly demonstrated that 5-HT-induced superoxide anion production originated from the SMC. Finally, whereas 5-HT increased NO production, it also decreased cyclic GMP content in isolated intact arteries. Conclusions/Significance These data demonstrate that agonist-induced ROS production in SMC targeting EC via myoendothelial gap junctions reduces endothelial NO-dependent control of pulmonary vasoreactivity. Such SMC modulation of endothelial control may represent a signaling pathway controlling vasoreactivity under not only physiological but also pathological conditions that often implicate excessive ROS production.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium/metabolism
- Connexins/chemistry
- Connexins/metabolism
- DNA Primers
- Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Serotonin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Billaud
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Savineau
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Guibert
- INSERM, U885, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Respiratoire, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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Yasui H, Fujii S, Yoshimura T, Sakurai H. Spinnokinetic Analyses of Blood Disposition and Biliary Excretion of Nitric Oxide (NO)-Fe(II)-N-(Dithiocarboxy)sarcosine Complex in Rats: BCM-ESR and BEM-ESR Studies. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:1061-72. [PMID: 15512794 DOI: 10.1080/10715760412331273449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is well known to have a wide variety of biological and physiological functions in animals. On the basis of the fact that Fe(II)-dithiocarbamates react with NO, a Fe(II)-N-(dithiocarboxy)sarcosine complex (Fe(II)-DTCS) was proposed as a trapping agent for endogenous NO. However, quantitative pharmacokinetic investigation for NO-Fe(II)-dithiocarbamate complexes in experimental animals has been quite limited. This paper describes the results on the quantitative pharmacokinetic features of a NO-Fe(II)-N-DTCS in both the blood and bile of rats following intravenous (i.v.) administration of the complex. For this purpose, we applied two in vivo methods, i.e. (1) in vivo blood circulation monitoring-electron spin resonance (BCM-ESR) which previously developed, and (2) in vivo biliary excretion monitoring-electron spin resonance (BEM-ESR). We monitored real-time ESR signals due to nitrosyl-iron species in the circulating blood and bile flow. The ESR signal due to NO-Fe(II)-DTCS was stable in biological systems such as the fresh blood and bile. In in vivo BCM- and BEM-ESR, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated on the basis of the two-compartment and hepatobiliary transport models. The studies also revealed that the compound is widely distributed in the peripheral organs and partially excreted into the bile. We named a kinetic method to follow spin concentrations as spinnokinetics and this method will be useful for detecting and quantifying the endogenously generated NO in Fe(II)-DTCS administered animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Ueda A, Hirayama A, Nagase S, Inoue M, Oteki T, Aoyama M, Yokoyama H. In vivodetection of intrinsic reactive oxygen species using acyl-protected hydroxylamine in puromycin nephrosis. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:823-8. [PMID: 17577743 DOI: 10.1080/10715760701411161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a rat model of human minimal change nephropathy were detected directly using an in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method with 1-acetoxy-3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (ACP) in real time. The nephrosis was induced by the intravenous administration of 75 mg/kg of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). It was found that ROS in the kidney were increased 1 h after the administration of PAN. This increased oxidative stress declined at 24 h and returned to a normal level 3 days after PAN administration. This is the first non-invasive in vivo detection and quantification of specific ROS in an experimental nephrosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Namegata District General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kim F, Pham M, Maloney E, Rizzo NO, Morton GJ, Wisse BE, Kirk EA, Chait A, Schwartz MW. Vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and reduced nitric oxide production precede the onset of peripheral insulin resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1982-8. [PMID: 18772497 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.169722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity causes inflammation and insulin resistance in the vasculature as well as in tissues involved in glucose metabolism such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. To investigate the relative susceptibility of vascular tissue to these effects, we determined the time course over which inflammation and insulin resistance develops in various tissues of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and compared these tissue-based responses to changes in circulating inflammatory markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control low-fat diet (LF; 10% saturated fat) or a high-fat diet (HF, 60% saturated fat) for durations ranging between 1 to 14 weeks. Cellular inflammation and insulin resistance were assessed by measuring phospho-IkappaBalpha and insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, respectively, in extracts of thoracic aorta, liver, skeletal muscle, and visceral fat. As expected, HF feeding induced rapid increases of body weight, fat mass, and fasting insulin levels compared to controls, each of which achieved statistical significance within 4 weeks. Whereas plasma markers of inflammation became elevated relatively late in the course of DIO (eg, serum amyloid A [SAA], by Week 14), levels of phospho-IkappaBalpha in aortic lysates were elevated by 2-fold within the first week. The early onset of vascular inflammation was accompanied by biochemical evidence of both endothelial dysfunction (reduced nitric oxide production; induction of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and insulin resistance (impaired insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS). Although inflammation and insulin resistance were also detected in skeletal muscle and liver of HF-fed animals, these responses were observed much later (between 4 and 8 weeks of HF feeding), and they were not detected in visceral adipose tissue until 14 weeks. CONCLUSIONS During obesity induced by HF feeding, inflammation and insulin resistance develop in the vasculature well before these responses are detected in muscle, liver, or adipose tissue. This observation suggests that the vasculature is more susceptible than other tissues to the deleterious effects of nutrient overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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39
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A critical review and discussion of analytical methods in the l-arginine/nitric oxide area of basic and clinical research. Anal Biochem 2008; 379:139-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Sorrentino SA, Bahlmann FH, Besler C, Müller M, Schulz S, Kirchhoff N, Doerries C, Horváth T, Limbourg A, Limbourg F, Fliser D, Haller H, Drexler H, Landmesser U. Oxidant stress impairs in vivo reendothelialization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: restoration by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone. Circulation 2007; 116:163-73. [PMID: 17592079 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.684381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are thought to contribute to endothelial recovery after arterial injury. We therefore compared in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs derived from patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects. Moreover, we examined the effect of treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone on oxidant stress, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and the in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from diabetic individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from diabetic patients (n=30) and healthy subjects (n=10) was examined in a nude mouse carotid injury model. Superoxide and NO production of EPCs was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Thirty patients with diabetes mellitus were randomized to 2 weeks of rosiglitazone (4 mg BID p.o.) or placebo treatment. In vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs derived from diabetic subjects was severely reduced compared with EPCs from healthy subjects (reendothelialized area: 8+/-3% versus 37+/-10%; P<0.001). EPCs from diabetic individuals had a substantially increased superoxide production and impaired NO bioavailability. Small-interfering RNA silencing of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47(phox) reduced superoxide production and restored NO bioavailability and in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from diabetic patients. Importantly, rosiglitazone therapy normalized NAD(P)H oxidase activity, restored NO bioavailability, and improved in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from diabetic patients (reendothelialized area: placebo versus rosiglitazone, 8+/-1% versus 38+/-5%; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs derived from individuals with diabetes mellitus is severely impaired at least partially as a result of increased NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide production and subsequently reduced NO bioavailability. Rosiglitazone therapy reduces NAD(P)H oxidase activity and improves reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from diabetic individuals, representing a potential novel mechanism whereby peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonism promotes vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajoscha A Sorrentino
- Abteilung Kardiologie und Angiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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41
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Kleschyov AL, Wenzel P, Munzel T. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping of biological nitric oxide. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:12-20. [PMID: 17070113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical species with multiple physiological functions. Because of low concentrations and short half-life of NO, its direct measurement in living tissues remains a difficult task. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping is probably one of the best suitable platforms for development of new methods for quantification of biological NO. The most reliable EPR-based approaches developed so far are based on the reaction of NO with various iron complexes, both intrinsic and exogenously applied. This review is focused on the current state and perspectives of EPR spin trapping for experimental and clinical NO biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Second Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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42
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Oelze M, Warnholtz A, Faulhaber J, Wenzel P, Kleschyov AL, Coldewey M, Hink U, Pongs O, Fleming I, Wassmann S, Meinertz T, Ehmke H, Daiber A, Münzel T. NADPH oxidase accounts for enhanced superoxide production and impaired endothelium-dependent smooth muscle relaxation in BKbeta1-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1753-9. [PMID: 16763163 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000231511.26860.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO)-induced vasorelaxation involves activation of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK). A regulatory BKbeta1 subunit confers Ca2+, voltage, and NO/cGMP sensitivity to the BK channel. We investigated whether endothelial function and NO/cGMP signaling is affected by a deletion of the beta1-subunit. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular superoxide in BKbeta1-/- was measured using the fluorescent dye hydroethidine and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Vascular NO formation was analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), as well as the activity and expression of the cyclic GMP-dependent kinase I (cGK-I) were assessed by Western blotting technique. eNOS, sGC, cGK-I expression and acetylcholine-induced NO production were unaltered in Bkbeta1-/- animals, whereas endothelial function was impaired and the activity of the cGK-I was reduced. Vascular O2- and expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits p67phox and Nox1 were increased. Endothelial dysfunction was normalized by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Potassium chloride- and iberiotoxin-induced depolarization mimicked the effect of BKbeta1-deletion by increasing vascular O2- in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS The deletion of BKbeta1 causes endothelial dysfunction by increasing O2- formation via increasing activity and expression of the vascular NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Oelze
- II.Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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43
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Mollnau H, Oelze M, August M, Wendt M, Daiber A, Schulz E, Baldus S, Kleschyov AL, Materne A, Wenzel P, Hink U, Nickenig G, Fleming I, Münzel T. Mechanisms of Increased Vascular Superoxide Production in an Experimental Model of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:2554-9. [PMID: 16224052 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000190673.41925.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
In the present study, we sought to identify mechanisms underlying increased oxidative stress in vascular tissue in an experimental animal model of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF).
Methods and Results—
Superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) was measured in vessels from cardiomyopathic hamsters (CHF hamsters) and golden Syrian hamsters. We also determined expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOSIII), the soluble guanylyl cyclase, the cGMP-dependent kinase, and the NADPH oxidase. To analyze the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to oxidative stress, CHF hamsters were treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril for 200 days (120 mg · kg
−1
· d
−1
). CHF led to increased superoxide production by NOSIII and the NADPH oxidase. Decreased NO production in CHF was associated with a decrease in the expression of NOSIII and an inhibition of NO downstream signaling in the aorta. NOSIII expression was increased within the left ventricle. Captopril treatment normalized NOSIII expression in vessels and the myocardium, reduced superoxide levels, and prevented NOSIII uncoupling. Accordingly, endothelial function, NO production, and downstream signaling were improved in CHF vessels.
Conclusions—
Oxidative stress in CHF is mediated by NADPH oxidase and an uncoupled NOSIII secondary to an activation of the renin-angiotensin system leading to impaired NO downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanke Mollnau
- Medizinische Klinik II, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany
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Kozlov AV, Albrecht M, Donnelly EM, Jafarmadar M, Szelenyi Z, Nohl H, Redl H, Bahrami S. Release and hemodynamic influence of nitro-glycerine-derived nitric oxide in endotoxemic rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2005; 43:411-4. [PMID: 16183331 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nitric oxide released from nitro-glycerine (NG) has been considered to improve the microcirculation. Septic conditions are, however, associated with excessive formation of nitric oxide (NO), which is formed from l-arginine by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity. Since the characteristics and influence of NG-derived NO in sepsis remains unclear, the major aims of the present study were to quantify the release and to determine the effects of NO formed from NG on systemic blood pressure under endotoxemic conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hours following endotoxin challenge (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally), rats received an infusion of NG (0.5 or 5.0 micromol/kg/h) over 45 min. We determined the changes in blood pressure and the NO concentrations generated in brain, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, and lung by means of NO trapping and EPR technique. RESULTS NG infusion in control rats and endotoxin challenge decreased systemic blood pressure to the same extent. However, in rats subjected to endotoxin challenge NG infusion did not affect the blood pressure. The endotoxin-induced increase in tissue NO concentrations were found to be 15-folds higher than tissue levels of NO following NG infusion. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that under endotoxic shock conditions in rats NG may not additionally affect the systemic blood pressure. This may relate to the excessive tissue NO levels induced by endotoxin that are not further increased by NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstr. 13, A-1200 Vienna, Austria.
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45
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Abstract
During the last century, nitroglycerin has been the most commonly used antiischemic and antianginal agent. Unfortunately, after continuous application, its therapeutic efficacy rapidly vanishes. Neurohormonal activation of vasoconstrictor signals and intravascular volume expansion constitute early counter-regulatory responses (pseudotolerance), whereas long-term treatment induces intrinsic vascular changes, eg, a loss of nitrovasodilator-responsiveness (vascular tolerance). This is caused by increased vascular superoxide production and a supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to a tonic activation of protein kinase C. NADPH oxidase(s) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been proposed as superoxide sources. Superoxide and vascular NO rapidly form peroxynitrite, which aggravates tolerance by promoting NO synthase uncoupling and inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase and prostacyclin synthase. This oxidative stress concept may explain why radical scavengers and substances, which reduce oxidative stress indirectly, are able to relieve tolerance and endothelial dysfunction. Recent work has defined a new tolerance mechanism, ie, an inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme that accomplishes bioactivation of nitroglycerin, and has identified mitochondria as an additional source of reactive oxygen species. Nitroglycerin-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit the bioactivation of nitroglycerin by thiol oxidation of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Both mechanisms, increased oxidative stress and impaired bioactivation of nitroglycerin, can be joined to provide a new concept for nitroglycerin tolerance and cross-tolerance. The consequences of these processes for the nitroglycerin downstream targets soluble guanylyl cyclase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterases, and toxic side effects contributing to endothelial dysfunction, such as inhibition of prostacyclin synthase, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Johannes Gutenberg Universität, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Kardiologie, Mainz, Germany.
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Peyrot F, Grillon C, Vergely C, Rochette L, Ducrocq C. Pharmacokinetics of 1-nitrosomelatonin and detection by EPR using iron dithiocarbamate complex in mice. Biochem J 2005; 387:473-8. [PMID: 15579132 PMCID: PMC1134976 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The N-nitroso-derivative of melatonin, NOM (1-nitrosomelatonin), which has been demonstrated to be a NO* [oxidonitrogen*] donor in buffered solutions, is a new potential drug particularly in neurological diseases. The advantage of NOM, a very lipophilic drug, is its ability to release both melatonin and NO*, an easily diffusible free radical. In order to evaluate the distribution and the pharmacokinetics of NOM, [O-methyl-3H]NOM was administered to and followed in mice. A complementary method for monitoring NOM, EPR, was performed in vitro and ex vivo with (MGD)2-Fe2+ (iron-N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate) complex as a spin trap. The behaviour of NOM was compared with that of GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione), a hydrophilic NO* donor. In the first minutes following [O-methyl-3H]NOM intraperitoneal injection, the radioactivity was found in organs (6% in the liver, 1% in the kidney and 0.6% in the brain), but not in the blood. In both liver and brain, the radioactivity content decreased over time with similar kinetics reflecting the diffusion and metabolism of NOM and of its metabolites. Based on the characterization and the quantification of the EPR signal in vitro with NOM or GSNO using (MGD)2-Fe2+ complex in phosphate-buffered solutions, the detection of these nitroso compounds was realized ex vivo in mouse tissue extracts. (MGD)2-Fe2+-NO was observed in the brain of NOM-treated mice in the first 10 min following injection, revealing that NOM was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, while GSNO was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Peyrot
- *Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Grillon
- *Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- †Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Expérimentales, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Luc Rochette
- †Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Expérimentales, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Ducrocq
- *Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Daiber A, Mülsch A, Hink U, Mollnau H, Warnholtz A, Oelze M, Münzel T. The oxidative stress concept of nitrate tolerance and the antioxidant properties of hydralazine. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:25i-36i. [PMID: 16226933 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) are rapidly blunted as a result of the development of nitrate tolerance. With initiation of NTG therapy, it is possible to detect neurohormonal activation and intravascular volume expansion. These so-called pseudotolerance mechanisms may compromise the vasodilatory effects of NTG. Long-term nitrate treatment also is associated with decreased vascular responsiveness caused by changes in intrinsic mechanisms of the tolerant vasculature itself. According to the oxidative stress concept, increased vascular superoxide (O2-) production and an increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to activation of protein kinase C contribute to the development of tolerance. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase may be O2- -producing enzymes. Nitric oxide (NO) and O2-, both derived from NTG and the vessel wall, form peroxynitrite in a diffusion-limited rapid reaction. Peroxynitrite, O2-, or both may be responsible for the development of nitrate tolerance and cross-tolerance to direct NO donors (eg, sodium nitroprusside, sydnonimines) and endothelium-dependent NO synthase-activating vasodilators. Hydralazine is an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and an inhibitor of O2- generation. When given concomitantly with NTG, hydralazine prevents the development of nitrate tolerance and normalizes endogenous rates of vascular O2- production. Recent experimental work has defined new tolerance mechanisms, including inhibition of the enzyme that bioactivates NTG (ie, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 2 [ALDH2]) and mitochondria as potential sources of ROS. NTG-induced ROS inhibit the bioactivation of NTG by ALDH2. Both mechanisms increase oxidative stress and impair NTG bioactivation, and now converge at the level of ALDH2 to support a new theory for NTG tolerance and NTG-induced endothelial dysfunction. The consequences of these processes for NTG downstream targets (eg, soluble guanylyl cyclase, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase), toxic effects contributing to endothelial dysfunction (eg, prostacyclin synthase inhibition) and novel applications of the antioxidant properties of hydralazine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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48
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Rohn S, Kroh LW. Electron spin resonance - A spectroscopic method for determining the antioxidative activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005; 49:898-907. [PMID: 15945117 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Analysis, Technical University of Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
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49
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Beranova P, Chalupsky K, Kleschyov AL, Schott C, Boucher JL, Mansuy D, Munzel T, Muller B, Stoclet JC. Nomega-hydroxy-L-arginine homologues and hydroxylamine as nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxant agents. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 516:260-7. [PMID: 15964563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium-independent relaxant activities of N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine (L-NOHA) homologues and hydroxylamine, a possible intermediate in nitric oxide (NO) formation, were examined in rat aortic rings. Addition of one -CH(2)- group to the -(CH(2))(x)- chain between the alpha-amino acid and the hydroxyguanidine group (x=4) almost abolished-while deletion of one or two -CH(2)- (x=1 or 2) enhanced-the relaxant activity of L-NOHA homologues. N(omega)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine- (x=2) and hydroxylamine-induced relaxations were blunted by a NO scavenger and by inhibitors of the guanylyl cyclase pathway, but not by NO synthase or cytochrome P(450) inhibitors (except 7-ethoxyresorufin). However, aortic NO formation was detected (using electron paramagnetic resonance) in the presence of concentrations of these compounds higher than those producing relaxation. These findings support the view that endothelium-independent vasorelaxations induced by both L-NOHA homologues with a required chain length x</=3 and hydroxylamine are mediated by NO-dependent activation of guanylyl cyclase, through a 7-ethoxyresorufin-inhibited mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beranova
- Pharmacology and Physico-Chemistry, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7034, Illkirch, France
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50
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Kuzkaya N, Weissmann N, Harrison DG, Dikalov S. Interactions of peroxynitrite with uric acid in the presence of ascorbate and thiols: implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:343-54. [PMID: 15963955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that uric acid acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger although it may also stimulate lipid peroxidation. To gain insight into how uric acid may act as an antioxidant, we used electron spin resonance to study the reaction of uric acid and plasma antioxidants with ONOO-. Peroxynitrite reacted with typical plasma concentrations of urate 16-fold faster than with ascorbate and 3-fold faster than cysteine. Xanthine but not other purine-analogs also reacted with peroxynitrite. The reaction between ONOO- and urate produced a carbon-centered free radical, which was inhibited by either ascorbate or cysteine. Moreover, scavenging of ONOO- by urate was significantly increased in the presence of ascorbate and cysteine. An important effect of ONOO- is oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin, leading to uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase. The protection of eNOS function by urate, ascorbate and thiols in ONOO(-)-treated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) was, therefore, investigated by measuring superoxide and NO using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine (CMH) and the NO-spin trap Fe[DETC]2. Peroxynitrite increased superoxide and decreased NO production by eNOS indicating eNOS uncoupling. Urate partially prevented this effect of ONOO- while treatment of BAECs with the combination of either urate with ascorbate or urate with cysteine completely prevented eNOS uncoupling caused by ONOO-. We conclude that the reducing and acidic properties of urate are important in effective scavenging of peroxynitrite and that cysteine and ascorbate markedly augment urate's antioxidant effect by reducing urate-derived radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kuzkaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University School of Medicine, Giessen, Germany
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