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Murvai GF, Ghitea TC, Cavalu S. Comparing Metabolic Preconditioning and Diabetes As Risk Factors in Knee Arthroplasty Complications. Cureus 2024; 16:e56634. [PMID: 38646213 PMCID: PMC11032089 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Advanced osteoarthritis of the knee joint severely affects the patient's mobility, compounded by pre-existing comorbidities such as metabolic preconditioning (such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and insulin resistance syndrome) and both type I and type II diabetes. The success of total knee arthroplasty is influenced by knowledge and management of risk factors. The present study aims to evaluate differences in the evolution of risk factors such as obesity, injuries, and sedentary lifestyle, distinguishing those with metabolic preconditions and diabetes. The objectives of our study include (1) investigating the prevalence of obesity among patients, highlighting their proportion in the five categories of body weight; (2) analyzing statistically significant differences between research groups in terms of weight status and physical activity; (3) evaluating postoperative evolution based on the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and without NSAIDs (N-NSAIDs), with an emphasis on overweight patients and those with diabetes; and (4) examining changes in metabolic preconditioning and the incidence of postoperative injury depending on the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort involving 730 patients diagnosed with gonarthrosis was divided into two groups according to the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs in the first seven postoperative days: N-NSAIDs group (394 patients, 55.3%) and respectively NSAIDs group (319 patients, 44.7%). The prospective, observational study was conducted in terms of risk factors and complications that occurred upon treatment administration in relation to each type of intervention and implant used. The outcomes were assessed in terms of the influence on quality of life, the data being collected and interpreted for the entire cohort, and for each study year individually. RESULTS The results indicate that almost 69% of them were overweight, while only 31% had a normal weight. Significant differences in weight status were observed between research groups, highlighting the association between obesity and metabolic preconditions or diabetes. Physical activity was absent in a significant proportion, having a notable impact on postoperative evolution, especially in the group without metabolic precondition. Administration of anti-inflammatory drugs influenced postoperative outcomes, with significant differences in overweight and diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the need to manage body weight, promote physical activity, and personalize postoperative treatments, given the complex interactions between obesity, metabolic preconditions, and the administration of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelu F Murvai
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, ROU
| | | | - Simona Cavalu
- Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, ROU
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Bilski J, Schramm-Luc A, Szczepanik M, Mazur-Biały AI, Bonior J, Luc K, Zawojska K, Szklarczyk J. Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2998. [PMID: 38001998 PMCID: PMC10669400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and general symptoms. Adipose tissue, previously perceived as an inert energy storage organ, has been recognised as a significant contributor to RA pathophysiology. Adipokines modulate immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in RA. Although most adipokines have a pro-inflammatory and aggravating effect on RA, some could counteract this pathological process. The coexistence of RA and sarcopenic obesity (SO) has gained attention due to its impact on disease severity and outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity further contributes to the inflammatory milieu and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the intricate crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting potential interactions between these tissues in RA. This review summarizes the roles of adipokines in RA, particularly in inflammation, immune modulation, and joint destruction. In addition, it explores the emerging role of adipomyokines, specifically irisin and myostatin, in the pathogenesis of RA and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting adipokines and adipomyokines in RA management and highlight the challenges and future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Agata Schramm-Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-L.); (K.L.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Kevin Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-L.); (K.L.)
| | - Klaudia Zawojska
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Joanna Szklarczyk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (J.B.); (J.S.)
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Abend Bardagi A, Dos Santos Paschoal C, Favero GG, Riccetto L, Alexandrino Dias ML, Guerra Junior G, Degasperi G. Leptin's Immune Action: A Review Beyond Satiety. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:117-133. [PMID: 36278927 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2129381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines such as leptin, which is one of the most important hormones for controlling satiety, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. This hormone acts in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses since immune cells have leptin receptors from which this hormone initiates its biological action. These receptors have been identified in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and mature immune cells, inducing signaling pathways mediated by JAK/STAT, PI3K, and ERK 1/2. It is known that the bone marrow also contains leptin-producing adipocytes, which are crucial for regulating hematopoiesis through largely unknown mechanisms. Therefore, we have reviewed the roles of leptin inside and outside the bone marrow, going beyond its action in the control of satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abend Bardagi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Dos Santos Paschoal
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ganem Favero
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luisa Riccetto
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Alexandrino Dias
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra Junior
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Degasperi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
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Wang Y, Meng F, Wu J, Long H, Li J, Wu Z, He H, Wang H, Wang N, Xie D. Associations between adipokines gene polymorphisms and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:166. [PMID: 35193537 PMCID: PMC8864815 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokines gene polymorphisms are speculated to be associated with the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but evidence remains conflicting. This study therefore aimed to examine whether associations exist between adipokines gene polymorphisms and knee OA by considering the evidence collected from eligible studies through a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang up to March 31, 2020. Meta-analysis was carried out by focusing on the associations between adipokines gene polymorphisms and knee OA with the allele model, dominant model, and recessive model. Results The present meta-analysis included 5 eligible studies for ADIPOQ rs1501299 with 1,021 cases and 1,097 controls, 3 eligible studies for ADIPOQ rs2241766 with 549 cases and 544 controls, 3 eligible studies for LEPR rs1137101 with 808 cases and 856 controls, 2 eligible studies for VISFATIN rs4730153 with 339 cases and 680 controls and 2 eligible studies for VISFATIN rs16872158 with 339 cases and 680 controls. Significant association was observed between LEPR rs1137101 and knee OA in the overall population (recessive: OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.21–0.79). Limited data revealed that associations may exist between ADIPOQ rs2241766 and knee OA in Asians (dominant: OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.78), between VISFATIN rs4730153 and knee OA in Asians (allele: OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.83; dominant: OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.83), and between VISFATIN rs16872158 and knee OA in Asians (allele: OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.26–2.68; dominant: OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.31–2.89). Conclusions Adipokines gene polymorphisms may be associated with knee OA. The association was observed in LEPR rs1137101 in the present study. In addition, limited data revealed that associations may also exist in ADIPOQ rs2241766, VISFATIN rs4730153 and VISFATIN rs16872158. Prospero registration CRD42020187664. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05111-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huizhong Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiatian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziying Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Osteoarthritis, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Kumavat R, Kumar V, Malhotra R, Pandit H, Jones E, Ponchel F, Biswas S. Biomarkers of Joint Damage in Osteoarthritis: Current Status and Future Directions. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5574582. [PMID: 33776572 PMCID: PMC7969115 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the whole joint organ, characterized by the loss of cartilage, and structural changes in bone including the formation of osteophytes, causing disability and loss of function. It is also associated with systemic mediators and low-grade inflammation. Currently, there is negligible/no availability of specific biomarkers that can be used to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of OA. The most unmet clinical need is, however, related to the monitoring of disease progression over a short period that can be used in clinical trials. In this review, the value of biomarkers identified over the past decade has been highlighted. These biomarkers are associated with the synthesis and breakdown of cartilage, including collagenous and noncollagenous biomarkers, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, expressed in the biological fluid such as serum, synovial fluid, and urine. Broad validation of novel and clinically applicable biomarkers and their involvement in the pathways are particularly needed for early-stage diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and severity and examining new drugs to mitigate the effects of this highly prevalent and debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Kumavat
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, -110007, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rajesh Malhotra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, -110007, Delhi, India
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Cordero-Barreal A, González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Eldjoudi DA, AbdElHafez YRF, Lago F, Conde J, Gómez R, González-Gay MA, Mobasheri A, Pino J, Gualillo O. An Update on the Role of Leptin in the Immuno-Metabolism of Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052411. [PMID: 33673730 PMCID: PMC7957536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has been considered as an adipokine with pleiotropic effects. In this review, we summarize the actual information about the impact of this hormone on cartilage metabolism and pathology. Leptin signalling depends on the interaction with leptin receptor LEPR, being the long isoform of the receptor (LEPRb) the one with more efficient intracellular signalling. Chondrocytes express the long isoform of the leptin receptor and in these cells, leptin signalling, alone or in combination with other molecules, induces the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and cartilage degenerative enzymes. Leptin has been shown to increase the proliferation and activation of immune cells, increasing the severity of immune degenerative cartilage diseases. Leptin expression in serum and synovial fluid are related to degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inhibition of leptin signalling showed to have protective effects in these diseases showing the key role of leptin in cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Yousof Ramadan Farrag AbdElHafez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Conde
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The Muscle-Skeletal Pathology Group, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90230 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
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Jin LY, Guo C, Xu S, Liu HY, Li XF. The Role of Estrogen Receptor α in Response to Longitudinal Bone Growth in ob/ob Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749449. [PMID: 34925230 PMCID: PMC8671758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of leptin results in contrasting growth pattern of appendicular and axial bone growth in ob/ob mice. Endochondral bone formation is an important procedure of growth plate determining the bone growth, where this procedure is also regulated by estrogen and its receptor (ER) signaling pathway. The present study is undertaken to explore the roles of ERs in regulating the different growth patterns in ob/ob mice. In this study, C57BL/6 female mice were used as wild-type (WT) mice; ob/ob mice and WT mice were age-matched fed, and bone length is analyzed by X-ray plain film at the 12 weeks old. We confirm that ob/ob mice have shorter femoral length and longer spine length than WT mice (p < 0.05). The contrasting expression patterns of chondrocyte proliferation proteins and hypertrophic marker proteins are also observed from the femur and spinal growth plate of ob/ob mice compared with WT mice (p < 0.01). Spearman's analysis showed that body length (axial and appendicular length) is positively related to the expression level of ERα in growth plate. Three-week-old female ob/ob mice are randomized divided into three groups: 1) ob/ob + ctrl, 2) ob/ob + ERα antagonist (MPP), and 3) ob/ob + ERβ antagonist (PHTPP). Age-matched C57BL/6 mice were also divided into three groups, same as the groups of ob/ob mice. MPP and PHTPP were administered by intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks. However, the results of X-ray and H&E staining demonstrate that leptin deficiency seems to disturb the regulating effects of ER antagonists on longitudinal bone growth. These findings suggested that region-specific expression of ERα might be associated with contrasting phenotypes of axial and appendicular bone growth in ob/ob mice. However, ER signaling on longitudinal bone growth was blunted by leptin deficiency in ob/ob mice, and the underlying association between ERs and leptin needs to be explored in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Serum IGF1 and linear growth in children with congenital leptin deficiency before and after leptin substitution. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1448-1456. [PMID: 34002033 PMCID: PMC8236407 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from in vitro and rodent studies suggests that leptin, a key signal of long-term energy reserves, promotes IGF1 synthesis and linear growth. This effect of leptin has not been fully investigated in humans. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of leptin substitution on growth factors and linear growth in children with congenital leptin deficiency (CLD). METHODS In this cohort study we included eight pediatric patients (six males), age 0.9-14.8 years, who were diagnosed with CLD and received leptin substitution at our University Medical Center. We calculated standard deviation scores (SDS) for serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3, IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio, and height at baseline (T0) and 12 months (T12) after the initiation of substitution with metreleptin. RESULTS All patients had severe obesity (BMI-SDS mean ± SD: 4.14 ± 1.51) at T0 and significant BMI-SDS reduction to 2.47 ± 1.05 at T12. At T0, all patients were taller than the mid-parental median, yet had low IGF1 and IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratios (IGF1-SDS[Formula: see text]T0: -1.58 ± 0.92, IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio-SDS[Formula: see text]T0: -1.58 ± 0.88). At T12, IGF1-SDS increased significantly (∆T0-12: 1.63 ± 1.40, p = 0.01), and IGFBP3-SDS and IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio-SDS showed a trend toward an increase. In the three children within the childhood growth period (post-infancy, pre-puberty) height-SDS increased (∆height-SDST0-12: 0.57 ± 0.06, p = 0.003) despite substantial weight loss. CONCLUSIONS These results in CLD patients are contrary to observations in children with idiopathic obesity who typically have above-mean IGF1 levels that decrease with weight loss, and therefore suggest that leptin increases IGF1 levels and promotes linear growth.
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Intervertebral Disc and Adipokine Leptin-Loves Me, Loves Me Not. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010375. [PMID: 33396484 PMCID: PMC7795371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin—the most famous adipose tissue-secreted hormone—in the human body is mostly observed in a negative connotation, as the hormone level increases with the accumulation of body fat. Nowadays, fatness is becoming another normal body shape. Fatness is burdened with numerous illnesses—including low back pain and degenerative disease of lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD). IVD degeneration and IVD inflammation are two indiscerptible phenomena. Irrespective of the underlying pathophysiological background (trauma, obesity, nutrient deficiency), the inflammation is crucial in triggering IVD degeneration. Leptin is usually depicted as a proinflammatory adipokine. Many studies aimed at explaining the role of leptin in IVD degeneration, though mostly in in vitro and on animal models, confirmed leptin’s “bad reputation”. However, several studies found that leptin might have protective role in IVD metabolism. This review examines the current literature on the metabolic role of different depots of adipose tissue, with focus on leptin, in pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
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Al Mahrouqi MM, MacDonald DA, Vicenzino B, Smith MD. Quality of life, function and disability in individuals with chronic ankle symptoms: a cross-sectional online survey. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:67. [PMID: 33198773 PMCID: PMC7667748 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle conditions affect approximately 20% of Australian adults. Although there is a plethora of research on chronic hip and knee conditions, there is limited understanding of the impact of ankle problems. Thus, the significance of chronic ankle conditions is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported function, disability, instability, physical activity and quality of life (QoL) between adults with and without ankle symptoms. A secondary aim was to explore factors associated with QoL. METHOD Individuals with symptoms of ankle pain and stiffness (symptomatic individuals) and controls with no ankle pain or stiffness (asymptomatic individuals) completed a cross-sectional online survey. The survey included the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Assessment of QoL (AQoL-6D), and questions about ankle injury history. RESULTS A total of 394 individuals (270 symptomatic and 124 asymptomatic) with mean age of 48.8 (standard deviation (SD): 12.1) years and body mass index of 28.7 (7.7) kgm- 2 completed the survey. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were large to very large (1.45 to 3.20) for greater disability (AOS) and instability (CAIT), and poorer function (FAAM) in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic individuals. Individuals with ankle symptoms had higher body mass index and lower QoL (medium effect: SMD > 1). There were no differences in self-report physical activity between groups. Lower activities of daily living (ADL) function (FAAM-ADL) best explained QoL in a multiple regression model (R2 = 0.66, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Individuals with ankle symptoms reported ankle instability, greater disability, compromised function and worse QoL compared to asymptomatic individuals. There was a strong relationship between ankle function and QoL. Ankle-specific ability during ADL best explained the reduced QoL in individuals with ankle symptoms. Clinicians and researchers should consider ankle function as an antecedent to poorer QoL in patients who have ankle symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Al Mahrouqi
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
- Division of Physiotherapy, Oman College of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Muscat, P.O. Box 3720, PC 112 Sultanate of Oman
| | - D. A. MacDonald
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
- Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - B. Vicenzino
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M. D. Smith
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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11
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Eichwald T, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity Controls Obesity-Induced Pain. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:181. [PMID: 32581740 PMCID: PMC7295985 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity skyrocketed over the past decades to become a significant public health problem. Obesity is recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease and is linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, circulatory disease, common neurodegenerative diseases, as well as chronic pain. Adipocytes are a major neuroendocrine organ that continually, and systemically, releases pro-inflammatory factors. While the exact mechanisms driving obesity-induced pain remain poorly defined, nociceptor hypersensitivity may result from the systemic state of inflammation characteristic of obesity as well as weight surplus-induced mechanical stress. Obesity and pain also share various genetic mutations, lifestyle risk factors, and metabolic pathways. For instance, fat pads are often found hyper-innervated and rich in immune cell types of multiple origins. These immunocytes release cytokines, amplifying nociceptor function, which, in turn, via locally released neuropeptides, sustain immunocytes' function. Here, we posit that along with mechanical stress stemming from extra weight, the local neuro-immune interplay occurring within the fat pads maintains the state of chronic low-grade inflammation and heightens sensory hypersensitivity. Overall, stopping such harmful neuro-immune crosstalk may constitute a novel pathway to prevent obesity-associated comorbidities, including neuronal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuany Eichwald
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Obana KK, Siddiqui AA, Broom AM, Barrett K, Andras LM, Millis MB, Goldstein RY. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Children without Obesity. J Pediatr 2020; 218:192-197.e1. [PMID: 31955882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate rates and characteristics of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in children who are not obese to prevent missed diagnoses and subsequent complications. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, retrospective review identified all patients with SCFE from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2012. Patients were excluded if they received previous surgery at an outside institution, had no recorded height and weight, or had medical co-morbidity associated with increased risk of SCFE. Body mass index (BMI) percentile for age was calculated and categorized for each patient (patients without obesity vs with obesity). RESULTS In total, 275 patients met inclusion criteria. Average BMI was 91.2 percentile (range: 8.4-99.7). Thirteen percent (34 patients) were considered "normal weight" (BMI 5%-85%), 17% (48 patients) were considered "overweight" (BMI 85%- 95%), and 70% (193 patients) were considered "obese" (BMI >95%). Average BMI percentile was higher in male than female patients (93.2 ± 12.7 vs 88.5 ± 21.4, P = .034). Patients without obesity were older compared with patients with obesity (12.2 ± 1.7 vs 11.7 ± 1.6 years, P = .015). Fewer patients without obesity were seen at the hospital in the southwest. The southwest had fewer patients without obesity than the northeast (18.3% vs 36.1%, P = .002). Patients without obesity were more likely to present with a severe slip as graded by Wilson percent displacement (27.2% vs 11.4%, P = .007) and an unstable slip (32.9% vs 14.7%, P = .001). CONCLUSION Rates of nonobese SCFE in this study are higher than reported in the previous literature. Normal weight patients with SCFE are more likely to be older, female, and present with a severe and unstable SCFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K Obana
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ali A Siddiqui
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexander M Broom
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kody Barrett
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lindsay M Andras
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Rachel Y Goldstein
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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13
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Cannata F, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Napoli N, Papalia R, Denaro V, Pozzilli P. Osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes: From pathogenetic factors to therapeutic intervention. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3254. [PMID: 31829509 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence increased due to the global ageing population and the pandemic obesity. They currently affect a substantial part of the Western world population and are characterized by enhancing the risk of disability and reduction of quality of life. OA is a multifactorial condition whose development derives from the interaction between individual and environmental factors: The best known primarily include age, female gender, genetic determinants, articular biomechanics, and obesity (OB). Given the high prevalence of OA and T2D and their association with OB and inflammation, several studies have been conducted to investigate the causative role of biological characteristics proper to T2D on the development of OA. This review aims to analyse the relationship between of OA and T2D, in order to explain the pathophysiological drivers of the degenerative process and to delineate possible targets to which appropriate treatments may be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cannata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Bae SH, Goh TS, Kim DS, Lee JS. Leptin in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis – A meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 71:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Kroon FPB, Veenbrink AI, de Mutsert R, Visser AW, van Dijk KW, le Cessie S, Rosendaal FR, Kloppenburg M. The role of leptin and adiponectin as mediators in the relationship between adiposity and hand and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1761-1767. [PMID: 31450004 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of leptin and adiponectin levels with knee and hand osteoarthritis, and explore whether these mediate the association between adiposity and osteoarthritis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the population-based Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study. Adiposity was assessed with body mass index (BMI) and percentage total body fat (%TBF). Osteoarthritis, defined as hand or knee osteoarthritis, was determined using American College of Rheumatology criteria. Fasting serum adipokine levels were measured using immunoassays. Associations between adiposity and osteoarthritis were examined with logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and education, and additionally for leptin and adiponectin as potential mediators. RESULTS In 6408 participants (56% women, median age 56 years), prevalence of osteoarthritis was 22% (10% isolated knee and 8% isolated hand osteoarthritis). Leptin levels were positively associated with osteoarthritis, while adiponectin levels were not. Leptin partially mediated the association of adiposity with osteoarthritis (OR 1.40 (95%CI 1.30; 1.52) attenuated to 1.38 (1.24; 1.54) per 5 units BMI and OR 1.25 (1.17; 1.35) to 1.20 (1.10; 1.32) per 5 units %TBF, representing 4% and 17% mediation, respectively). Larger proportion mediation by leptin was found in knee (13%/27%) than in hand osteoarthritis (9%/18%). Sex-stratified analyses generally showed stronger associations between adiposity, leptin and osteoarthritis in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS Serum leptin levels were associated with osteoarthritis, and partially mediated the association between adiposity and osteoarthritis, while adiponectin levels were not associated with osteoarthritis. These findings provide evidence for systemic effects of adipose tissue in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P B Kroon
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - A I Veenbrink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, the Netherlands
| | - R de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A W Visser
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - K W van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Sudirman S, Chang HW, Chen CK, Kong ZL. A dietary polysaccharide from Eucheuma cottonii downregulates proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorates osteoarthritis-associated cartilage degradation in obese rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:5697-5706. [PMID: 31435629 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01342c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis, which is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, leading to joint dysfunction. Oral drug therapy seems to ameliorate some signs and symptoms of OA, but may be accompanied by side effects and does not appear to be effective long-term. Seaweed has received much attention for pharmacological application due to its various biomedical properties, including the anti-inflammation, antitumor, and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of a dietary polysaccharide from Eucheuma cottonii extract (ECE) on an anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy surgery (ACLT+MMx) to induce OA in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an HFD for 12 weeks before ACLT+MMx surgery, after which they were administered a daily oral gavage of saline (Sham, OB Sham, and OBOA) and either low-dose ECE (100 mg per kg body weight), high-dose ECE (400 mg per kg body weight), or glucosamine sulfate as a positive control (OBOAGS; 200 mg per kg body weight) for 5 weeks. Treatment with ECE decreased the body weight, triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and the TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C ratio in the obese rats. Additionally, ECE downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and leptin, and suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-1/2 expression, resulting in a decrease in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 and prostaglandin-E2 and attenuated cartilage degradation. These results demonstrate that the dietary polysaccharide from ECE can suppress OA development in obese rats, suggesting its potential efficacy as a promising candidate for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Sudirman
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Wei Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
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17
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Jiang LF, Fang JH, Wu LD. Role of infrapatellar fat pad in pathological process of knee osteoarthritis: Future applications in treatment. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2134-2142. [PMID: 31531309 PMCID: PMC6718789 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i16.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that obese people have a higher proportion in suffering from osteoarthritis (OA), not only in the weight-bearing joints like knee and hip joints, even in non-weight-bearing joints such as hand joints. One of the reasons is because the large amount of adipose tissue secretes some factors, which can promote the occurrence of arthritis. As an important structure of the knee joint, the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is actually a piece of adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the anatomy and physiological characteristics of IPFP and its relationship with the pathological process of OA, indicating the important function of IPFP in OA. At the same time, with the development of adipose derived stem cells in the treatment of OA, owing to its special advantages, the IPFP is becoming a kind of important, minimally invasive fat stem cell source, providing a new approach for the treatment of OA. We hope that this review will offer an overview of all published data regarding the IPFP and will indicate novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Hua Fang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Fu R, Han F, Liu L, Yu F, Gui Z, Wang X, Li B, Fang B, Xia L. The Effects of Leptin on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Primary Chondrocytes in Vitro and Cartilage Regeneration in Vivo. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1907-1919. [PMID: 33405564 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Gui
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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SYK Inhibition Potentiates the Effect of Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Neuroblastoma Cells in Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020202. [PMID: 30744170 PMCID: PMC6406899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignancy arising from the developing sympathetic nervous system and the most common and deadly cancer of infancy. New therapies are needed to improve the prognosis for high-risk patients and to reduce toxicity and late effects. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has previously been identified as a promising drug target in various inflammatory diseases and cancers but has so far not been extensively studied as a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. In this study, we observed elevated SYK gene expression in neuroblastoma compared to neural crest and benign neurofibroma. While SYK protein was detected in the majority of examined neuroblastoma tissues it was less frequently observed in neuroblastoma cell lines. Depletion of SYK by siRNA and the use of small molecule SYK inhibitors significantly reduced the cell viability of neuroblastoma cell lines expressing SYK protein. Moreover, SYK inhibition decreased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. The SYK inhibitor BAY 61-3606 enhanced the effect of different chemotherapeutic drugs. Transient expression of a constitutive active SYK variant increased the viability of neuroblastoma cells independent of endogenous SYK levels. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting SYK in combination with conventional chemotherapy should be further evaluated as a treatment option in neuroblastoma.
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20
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Muhammad I, Ma N, Bie L, Zhao L, Zhu Z, Meng X, Cong L, Hu L, Xiao J. Effects of Leptin on Differentiation and Proliferation of Chondrocytes. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Zhang
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Deapartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Lianyu Bie
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Xinghua Meng
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Linlin Cong
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- Department of clinical veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
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21
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Rasheed K, Abdulsalam I, Fismen S, Grimstad Ø, Sveinbjørnsson B, Moens U. CCL17/TARC and CCR4 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31432-31447. [PMID: 30140381 PMCID: PMC6101144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. In more than 80% of the cases, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a causal factor. The oncogenic potential of MCPyV is mediated through its viral oncoproteins, large T antigen (LT) and small t antigen (sT). To investigate the role of cytokines in MCC, a PCR array analysis for genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and receptors was performed on MCPyV-negative and MCPyV-positive MCC cell lines, respectively. We detected an increased expression of CCL17/TARC in the MCPyV-positive MKL2 cell line compared to the MCPyV-negative MCC13 cell line. Transfection studies in MCC13 cells with LT expression plasmid, and a luciferase reporter plasmid containing the CCL17/TARC promoter, exhibited stimulated promoter activity. Interestingly, the ectopic expression of CCL17/TARC upregulated MCPyV early and late promoter activities in MCC13 cells. Furthermore, recombinant CCL17/TARC activated both the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the NF-κB pathways. Finally, immunohistochemical staining on human MCC tissues showed a strong staining of CCL17/TARC and its receptor CCR4 in both LT-positive and -negative MCC. Taken together, CCL17/TARC and CCR4 may be a potential target in MCC therapy providing MCC patients with a better overall survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rasheed
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ibrahim Abdulsalam
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Silje Fismen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øystein Grimstad
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Walsh TP, Quinn SJ, Evans AM, Yaxley A, Chisholm JA, Kow L, Shanahan EM. Fat mass, but not fat-free mass, predicts increased foot pain with obesity, independent of bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:1389-1395. [PMID: 30057094 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot pain is a common manifestation of obesity. OBJECTIVE To determine if bariatric surgery is associated with a reduction in foot pain and if body mass index (BMI) or body composition predict a change in foot pain. SETTING University hospital. METHODS Participants with foot pain awaiting bariatric surgery were recruited for this prospective study. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine predictors of change in foot pain between baseline and 6-month follow-up using body composition (fat mass index and fat-free mass index) or BMI, adjusting for, depression, age, sex, and group (surgery versus control). RESULTS Forty-five participants (38 female), mean ± standard deviation age of 45.7 ± 9.4 years, were recruited for this study. Twenty-nine participants mean ± standard deviation BMI of 44.8 ± 7.0 kg underwent bariatric surgery, while 16 participants mean ± standard deviation BMI of 47.9 ± 5.2 kg were on the waiting list (control). One participant was lost to follow-up. The treatment group lost a mean of 24.3 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.1-27.5), while the control group gained 1.2 kg (95% CI -2.5 to 4.9), respectively. In multivariable analysis, bariatric surgery was significantly associated with reduced foot pain at 6-month follow-up -32.6 points (95% CI -43.8 to -21.4, P < .001), while fat mass index was significantly associated with increased pain at follow-up 1.5 points (95% CI .2 to 2.8, P = .027), after controlling for fat-free mass index, age, sex, and depression. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery was significantly associated with reduced foot pain. Higher baseline fat mass index, but not fat-free mass index or BMI, was predictive of increased foot pain at follow-up. Foot pain may be mediated by metabolic, rather than mechanical, factors in bariatric surgery candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P Walsh
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Quinn
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela M Evans
- Discipline of Podiatry, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Yaxley
- Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob A Chisholm
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lilian Kow
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Michael Shanahan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
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Walsh TP, Arnold JB, Evans AM, Yaxley A, Damarell RA, Shanahan EM. The association between body fat and musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:233. [PMID: 30021590 PMCID: PMC6052598 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and musculoskeletal pain are strongly related, but there is emerging evidence that body fat, not body weight, may be a better indicator of risk. There is, therefore, a need to determine if body fat is associated with musculoskeletal pain as it may improve management strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between body fat and musculoskeletal pain. METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 8th January 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies investigating the association between measures of body fat and musculoskeletal pain were included. All included articles were assessed for methodological rigour using the Epidemiology Appraisal Instrument. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and effect estimates were pooled for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 10,221 citations were identified through the database searching, which after abstract and full-text review, yielded 28 unique articles. Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analyses, which found significant cross-sectional associations between total body fat mass and widespread pain (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.37-0.61, p < 0.001). Individuals with low-back pain and knee pain had a higher body fat percentage than asymptomatic controls (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.17-0.52, p < 0.001 and SMD 0.18, 95% CI 0.05-0.32, p = 0.009, respectively). Fat mass index was significantly, albeit weakly, associated with foot pain (SMD 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.06, p < 0.001). Longitudinal studies (n = 8) were unsuitable for meta-analysis, but were largely indicative of elevated body fat increasing the risk of incident and worsening joint pain. There was conflicting evidence for an association between body fat percentage and incident low-back pain (3 studies, follow-up 4-20 years). Increasing knee pain (1 study) and incident foot pain (2 studies) were positively associated with body fat percentage and fat mass index. The percentage of items in the EAI graded as 'yes' for each study ranged from 23 to 85%, indicating variable methodological quality of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis identified positive cross-sectional associations between increased body fat and widespread and single-site joint pain in the low-back, knee and foot. Longitudinal studies suggest elevated body fat may infer increased risk of incident and worsening joint pain, although further high-quality studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P. Walsh
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia 5011 Australia
| | - John B. Arnold
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Angela M. Evans
- Discipline of Podiatry, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Alison Yaxley
- Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Raechel A. Damarell
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - E. Michael Shanahan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia
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Abstract
The rates of obesity continue to increase in the United States and the overall impact of obesity on health care spending and patient outcomes after trauma is considerable. The unique physiology of the obese places them at higher risk for complications, including infection, failure of fixation, nonunion, multiorgan failure, and death. These physiologic differences and overall patient size can make orthopedic care in obese patients with trauma more difficult, but appropriate initial resuscitation, careful preoperative planning, meticulous surgical technique, diligent postoperative medical management, and specialized rehabilitation give these patients their best opportunity for a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay A Spitler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - R Miles Hulick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Matthew L Graves
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - George V Russell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Patrick F Bergin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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25
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Francisco V, Pino J, Campos-Cabaleiro V, Ruiz-Fernández C, Mera A, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gómez R, Gualillo O. Obesity, Fat Mass and Immune System: Role for Leptin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:640. [PMID: 29910742 PMCID: PMC5992476 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation associated with a dysfunctional fat mass. Adipose tissue is now considered an extremely active endocrine organ that secretes cytokine-like hormones, called adipokines, either pro- or anti-inflammatory factors bridging metabolism to the immune system. Leptin is historically one of most relevant adipokines, with important physiological roles in the central control of energy metabolism and in the regulation of metabolism-immune system interplay, being a cornerstone of the emerging field of immunometabolism. Indeed, leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system and leptin has been shown to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review discusses the latest data regarding the role of leptin as a mediator of immune system and metabolism, with particular emphasis on its effects on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and autoimmune and/or inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victor Campos-Cabaleiro
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- Servizo Galego de Saude, Division of Rheumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Effect of Fucoidan on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Medial Meniscectomy Induced Osteoarthritis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060686. [PMID: 29843440 PMCID: PMC6024650 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has become one of the most common disabilities among elders, especially in females. Obesity and mechanical injuries caused by OA are attributed to joint loading, cartilage disintegration, and bone loss, as well as inflammation. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments can be used for OA. Fucoidan possesses several bioactivities such as antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulation, anti-obesity, and immunomodulation. This study aims to investigate the effect of fucoidan in surgery-induced OA on rats with diet-induced obesity. OA was induced by an anterior cruciate ligament transection and a partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + MMx). The male SD rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks to induce obesity before causing ACLT + MMx to induce OA. The OA rats were administered with intragastric water or fucoidan in three different concentrations (32 mg/kg, 64 mg/kg, and 320 mg/kg) after the surgeries for 40 days with an HFD. We observed that the swelling in the knee joint was alleviated and the hind paw weight distribution was rectified after feeding them with fucoidan and that there was no significant effect on the weight gain and feed intake. Fucoidan administration indicated no significant variation on the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol level, but it did indicate reduced plasma triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol levels. In addition, the weight-bearing tests showed an improvement in the fucoidan-treated group. Our results suggested that fucoidan may improve meniscal/ligamentous injury and obesity-induced OA.
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Francisco V, Pino J, Gonzalez‐Gay MA, Mera A, Lago F, Gómez R, Mobasheri A, Gualillo O. Adipokines and inflammation: is it a question of weight? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1569-1579. [PMID: 29486050 PMCID: PMC5913397 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the Western society and is increasing in the developing world. It is considered as one of the major contributors to the global burden of disability and chronic diseases, including autoimmune, inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Research conducted on obesity and its complications over the last two decades has transformed the outdated concept of white adipose tissue (WAT) merely serving as an energy depot. WAT is now recognized as an active and inflammatory organ capable of producing a wide variety of factors known as adipokines. These molecules participate through endocrine, paracrine, autocrine or juxtacrine crosstalk mechanisms in a great variety of physiological or pathophysiological processes, regulating food intake, insulin sensitivity, immunity and inflammation. Although initially restricted to metabolic activities (regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism), adipokines currently represent a new family of proteins that can be considered key players in the complex network of soluble mediators involved in the pathophysiology of immune/inflammatory diseases. However, the complexity of the adipokine network in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory diseases has posed, since the beginning, the important question of whether it may be possible to target the mechanism(s) by which adipokines contribute to disease selectively without suppressing their physiological functions. Here, we explore in depth the most recent findings concerning the involvement of adipokines in inflammation and immune responses, in particular in rheumatic, inflammatory and degenerative diseases. We also highlight several possible strategies for therapeutic development and propose that adipokines and their signalling pathways may represent innovative therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases)Santiago University Clinical HospitalBuilding C, Travesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases)Santiago University Clinical HospitalBuilding C, Travesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez‐Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory DiseasesUniversidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de ValdecillaAv. ValdecillaSantander39008Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Division of RheumatologySantiago University Clinical HospitalTravesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Department of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Building CTravesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group. SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9Santiago University Clinical HospitalSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7ALUK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchQueen's Medical CentreNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineSantariskiu 5Vilnius0866Republic of Lithuania
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases)Santiago University Clinical HospitalBuilding C, Travesía da Choupana S/NSantiago de Compostela15706Spain
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Emerging Players at the Intersection of Chondrocyte Loss of Maturational Arrest, Oxidative Stress, Senescence and Low-Grade Inflammation in Osteoarthritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3075293. [PMID: 29599894 PMCID: PMC5828476 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3075293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing because of the progressive aging and unhealthy lifestyle. These risk factors trigger OA by removing constraints that keep the tightly regulated low turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage, the correct chondrocyte phenotype, and the functionality of major homeostatic mechanisms, such as mitophagy, that allows for the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, preventing increased production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and senescence. After OA onset, the presence of ECM degradation products is perceived as a “danger” signal by the chondrocytes and the synovial macrophages that release alarmins with autocrine/paracrine effects on the same cells. Alarmins trigger innate immunity in the joint, with important systemic crosstalks that explain the beneficial effects of dietary interventions and improved lifestyle. Alarmins also boost low-grade inflammation: the release of inflammatory molecules and chemokines sustained by continuous triggering of NF-κB within an altered cellular setting that allows its higher transcriptional activity. Chemokines exert pleiotropic functions in OA, including the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the induction of ECM remodeling. Some chemokines have been successfully targeted to attenuate structural damage or pain in OA animal models. This represents a promising strategy for the future management of human OA.
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29
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Masiero S, Vittadini F, Ferroni C, Bosco A, Serra R, Frigo AC, Frizziero A. The role of thermal balneotherapy in the treatment of obese patient with knee osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:243-252. [PMID: 28940031 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis clinically characterized by joint pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Several studies have shown a clear link between obesity and higher risk of knee OA. According to the multifactorial OA pathogenesis, the management of this condition requires a multidisciplinary approach. The objective of this study is to evaluate hydrokinesitherapy effects in thermal setting in obese patients with knee OA. Fifty-three patients were assessed for eligibility, of which 33 refused the treatment, while 10 patients dropped out after the enrollment for personal reasons or inability to adhere to the program. Ten patients (8 females, 2 males, mean age of 59.4 years) with obesity (range BMI 30-45 kg/m2) and knee OA (II-III grade of Kellgren-Lawrence scale) treated with hydrokinetic therapy in thermal water (two sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks) completed the study. Primary outcome measure was pain (VAS). Secondary outcomes were clinical knee evaluation (range of motion-ROM, lower-limb muscle strength), WOMAC, and Lequesne Algofunctional Index. Patellar tendon and peri-articular soft tissue ultrasound evaluation and gait analysis at baseline (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), and at 6 months of follow-up (T2) were performed. Significant decrease on VAS pain during walking on a flat surface and going up/down stairs was reached from baseline at T1 (p = 0.0039; p = 0.0098) and was maintained at T2 (p = 0.00954) exclusively for VAS pain during walking on a flat surface. WOMAC score showed a significant reduction between T0 and T1 (p = 0.0137) and between T0 and T2 (p = 0.006438), as ROM evaluations. Kinematic path assessment did not show significant results in individual gait steps, except for the space-time variables of the average speed and the values of ground reaction force (GRF) obtained with force platforms. Hydrokinesitherapy in thermal environment in obese patients with knee OA may determine pain relief, joint function improvement, and walking speed increase until 6 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Bosco
- Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
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30
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Francisco V, Pérez T, Pino J, López V, Franco E, Alonso A, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Mera A, Lago F, Gómez R, Gualillo O. Biomechanics, obesity, and osteoarthritis. The role of adipokines: When the levee breaks. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:594-604. [PMID: 29080354 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a high-incidence painful and debilitating disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular joints, which indicates a breakdown in joint homeostasis favoring catabolic processes. Biomechanical loading, associated with inflammatory and metabolic imbalances of joint, strongly contributes to the initiation and progression of the disease. Obesity is a primary risk factor for disease onset, and mechanical factors increased the risk for disease progression. Moreover, inflammatory mediators, in particular, adipose tissue-derived cytokines (better known as adipokines) play a critical role linking obesity and osteoarthritis. The present article summarizes the knowledge about the role of adipokines in cartilage and bone function, highlighting their contribution to the imbalance of joint homeostasis and, consequently, pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:594-604, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Tamara Pérez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Eloy Franco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, Santander, 39008, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Department of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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Han YC, Ma B, Guo S, Yang M, Li LJ, Wang SJ, Tan J. Leptin regulates disc cartilage endplate degeneration and ossification through activation of the MAPK-ERK signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2098-2109. [PMID: 29372627 PMCID: PMC5867127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings demonstrate that leptin plays a significant role in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which leptin acts on cartilage endplate (CEP) cells to give rise to calcification are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of leptin that induced mineralization of CEP cells in vitro and in vivo. We constructed a rat model of lumbar disc degeneration and determined that leptin was highly expressed in the presence of CEP calcification. Rat CEP cells treated with or without leptin were used for in vitro analysis using RT‐PCR and Western blotting to examine the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Both OCN and Runx2 expression levels were significantly increased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Leptin activated ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in a time‐dependent manner. Inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 using targeted siRNA suppressed leptin‐induced OCN and Runx2 expression and blocked the formation of mineralized nodules in CEP cells. We further demonstrated that exogenous leptin induced matrix mineralization of CEP cells in vivo. We suggest that leptin promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of CEP cells via the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway and may be used to investigate the mechanisms of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Jin Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li X, Shi S, Chen J, Zhong G, Li X, Liu Z. Leptin differentially regulates endochondral ossification in tibial and vertebral epiphyseal plates. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:169-179. [PMID: 28980745 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal bone growth is governed by a complex network of endocrine signals including leptin. In mouse, leptin deficiency leads to distinct phenotypes in bones of the limb and spine, suggesting the appendicular and axial skeletons are subject to differential regulation by leptin. We established primary cultures for the chondrocytes from tibial and vertebral epiphyseal plates. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed for the chondrocytes that had been treated with various concentrations of leptin. Crucial factors for chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, such as BMP7 and Wnt3, were measured in the cells treated with leptin alone or in combination with pharmacological inhibitors of STAT and ERK signaling pathways. Primary culture of tibial epiphyseal plate chondrocytes has greater proliferating capability compared with that of vertebral epiphyseal plate chondrocytes. Leptin could promote the proliferation of tibial epiphyseal plate chondrocytes, while its effect on vertebral epiphyseal plate chondrocytes was inhibitory. Consistently, apoptosis is inhibited in tibial but promoted in vertebral epiphyseal plate chondrocytes by leptin. Importantly, leptin differentially modulates chondrogenic signaling pathways in tibial and vertebral epiphyseal chondrocytes through STAT and ERK pathways. Leptin differentially regulates chondrogenic proliferation and differentiation in appendicular and axial regions of the skeletons. The signaling pathways in these two regions are also distinct and subject to differential regulation by leptin through the STAT pathway in tibial epiphyseal plate chondrocytes but through the ERK pathway in vertebral epiphyseal plate chondrocytes. Therefore, the regulation of leptin is multi-faceted in the distinct anatomical regions of the skeleton. Knowledge gained from this system will provide insights into the pathophysiological causes for the diseases related to bone development and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guibin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zude Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Tümmler C, Snapkov I, Wickström M, Moens U, Ljungblad L, Maria Elfman LH, Winberg JO, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Sveinbjørnsson B. Inhibition of chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in neuroblastoma cells reduces clonogenicity and cell viability in vitro and impairs tumor growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95135-95151. [PMID: 29221117 PMCID: PMC5707011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cells, cytokines, and chemokines are essential in promoting a tumor supporting microenvironment. Chemerin is a chemotactic protein and a natural ligand for the receptors CMKLR1, GPR1, and CCRL2. The chemerin/CMKLR1 axis is involved in immunity and inflammation, and it has also been implicated in obesity and cancer. In neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor of the peripheral nervous system we identified correlations between high CMKLR1 and GPR1 expression and reduced overall survival probability. CMKLR1, GPR1, and chemerin RNA and protein were detected in neuroblastoma cell lines and neuroblastoma primary tumor tissue. Chemerin induced calcium mobilization, increased MMP-2 synthesis as well as MAP-kinase- and Akt-mediated signaling in neuroblastoma cells. Stimulation of neuroblastoma cells with serum, TNFα or IL-1β increased chemerin secretion. The small molecule CMKLR1 antagonist α-NETA reduced the clonogenicity and viability of neuroblastoma cell lines indicating the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis as a promoting factor in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, nude mice carrying neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cells as xenografts showed impaired tumor growth when treated daily with α-NETA from day 1 after tumor cell injection. This study demonstrates the potential of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis as a prognostic factor and possible therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Tümmler
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linda Ljungblad
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Helena Maria Elfman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Tumor Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fan Q, Liu Z, Shen C, Li H, Ding J, Jin F, Sha L, Zhang Z. Microarray study of gene expression profile to identify new candidate genes involved in the molecular mechanism of leptin-induced knee joint osteoarthritis in rat. Hereditas 2017; 155:4. [PMID: 28690479 PMCID: PMC5496599 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent chronic joint diseases while the precise genetic mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the gene expression profile in OA by microarray analysis. RESULTS Histopathological characteristics of OA cartilage were examined using a rat model of leptin-induced OA. Gene expression profile of leptin-induced articular cartilage and healthy rat cartilage were compared using genome-wide microarray hybridization. A total of 1857 genes differentially expressed genes (1197 upregulated and 660 downregulated) were identified, some of which are known to be associated with leptin-induced OA phenotype. These included genes related to MMPs, inflammatory factors, growth factors, apoptotic genes and osteogenic genes. In addition, upregulated expressions of some new candidate genes, which have hitherto fore not been linked to OA (such as BCL2L11) were detected in leptin-induced OA cartilage, which suggests that these genes might be important for OA molecular mechanism. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that pathogenesis of leptin-induced OA involves modulation of expression of multiple genes, although the underlying molecular mechanisms need to be studied further. Further investigation of leptin-induced gene expression changes is needed to gain new insights into the molecular mechanism of OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fan
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Chao Shen
- Departments of Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Li
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Jing Ding
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Fangchun Jin
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lin Sha
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- Departments of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092 China
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Halverson SJ, Warhoover T, Mencio GA, Lovejoy SA, Martus JE, Schoenecker JG. Leptin Elevation as a Risk Factor for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Independent of Obesity Status. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:865-872. [PMID: 28509827 PMCID: PMC5426400 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is strongly associated with childhood obesity, yet the prevalence of obesity is orders of magnitude greater than the prevalence of SCFE. Therefore, it is hypothesized that obesity is not, by itself, a sufficient condition for SCFE, but rather one component of a multifactorial process requiring preexisting physeal pathology. Leptin elevation is seen to varying degrees in patients with obesity, and as leptin has been shown to cause physeal pathology similar to the changes seen in SCFE, we propose that leptin may be a factor distinguishing between patients with SCFE and equally obese children without hip abnormalities. METHODS Serum leptin levels were obtained from 40 patients with SCFE and 30 control patients with approximate body mass index (BMI) matching. BMI percentiles were calculated according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention population data by patient age and sex. Patients were compared by demographic characteristics, leptin levels, odds of leptin elevation, and odds of SCFE. RESULTS The odds of developing SCFE was increased by an odds ratio of 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 18.48; p < 0.02) in patients with elevated leptin levels, regardless of obesity status, sex, and race. When grouping patients by their obesity status, non-obese patients with SCFE showed elevated median leptin levels at 5.8 ng/mL compared with non-obese controls at 1.7 ng/mL (p = 0.006). Similarly, obese patients with SCFE showed elevated median leptin levels at 17.9 ng/mL compared with equally obese controls at 10.5 ng/mL (p = 0.039). Serum leptin levels increased in association with obesity (p < 0.001), with an increase in leptin of 0.17 ng/mL (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.27 ng/mL) per BMI percentile point. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first to clinically demonstrate an association between elevated serum leptin levels and SCFE, regardless of BMI. This adds to existing literature suggesting that SCFE is a multifactorial process and that leptin levels may have profound physiological effects on the development of various disease states. Despite a strong association with adiposity, leptin levels vary between patients of equal BMI and may be a vital resource in prognostication of future obesity-related comorbidities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler J. Halverson
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracy Warhoover
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory A. Mencio
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven A. Lovejoy
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey E. Martus
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan G. Schoenecker
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,E-mail address for J.G. Schoenecker:
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Abella V, Scotece M, Conde J, Pino J, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gómez-Reino JJ, Mera A, Lago F, Gómez R, Gualillo O. Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune system disorders. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:100-109. [PMID: 28053336 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is one of the most relevant factors secreted by adipose tissue and the forerunner of a class of molecules collectively called adipokines. Initially discovered in 1994, its crucial role as a central regulator in energy homeostasis has been largely described during the past 20 years. Once secreted into the circulation, leptin reaches the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts by binding and activating the long form of leptin receptor (LEPR), regulating appetite and food intake, bone mass, basal metabolism, reproductive function and insulin secretion, among other processes. Research on the regulation of different adipose tissues has provided important insights into the intricate network that links nutrition, metabolism and immune homeostasis. The neuroendocrine and immune systems communicate bi-directionally through common ligands and receptors during stress responses and inflammation, and control cellular immune responses in several pathological situations including immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This Review discusses the latest findings regarding the role of leptin in the immune system and metabolism, with particular emphasis on its effect on autoimmune and/or inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Abella
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Javier Conde
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Spain
| | - Juan J Gómez-Reino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Department of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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Yang J, Du H, Lv J, Zhang L. Association of rs1137101 polymorphism in LEPR and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in a Northwest Chinese Han population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:311. [PMID: 27457563 PMCID: PMC4960800 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex arthritic condition in which the genetic factor plays a crucial role. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1137101 (Gln223Arg) of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene has been demonstrated to be associated with susceptibility to knee OA. However, this association in Chinese Han population has never been examined. The present study aimed to investigate whether Gln223Arg was related to knee OA susceptibility in a Northwest Chinese population with Han ethnicity. Methods Gln223Arg polymorphisms were genotyped in 587 patients with confirmed knee OA and in 628 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Besides, LEPR genotypes were verified by direct DNA sequencing analysis on PCR products. Results The genotype and allele frequencies in LEPR SNP rs1137101 were significantly different between cases and control groups (chi-square = 6.52, P = 0.038 for genotype and chi-square = 5.06, P = 0.024 for allele frequencies; respectively). Rs1137101 was correlated with knee OA in the dominant genetic model (GG + GA versus AA) (P = 0.016) and a higher G allele frequency existed (P = 0.024) among all patients with knee OA and controls. On stratification analysis, the genotype GG and G allele were associated with susceptibility to knee OA in females, both young (≤65 years) and old groups (>65 years) and patients with mild knee OA. Conclusions Our finding suggested that the genetic variant of LEPR gene rs1137101 is independently related to knee OA susceptibility in Northwest Chinese population with Han ethnicity and may serve as a potential biomarker to determine risk of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Yang
- Rehabilitation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Lv
- Rehabilitation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhe Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Leptin Receptor Metabolism Disorder in Primary Chondrocytes from Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Girls. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071160. [PMID: 27447624 PMCID: PMC4964532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of low metabolic activity of primary chondrocytes obtained from girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); AIS is a spine-deforming disease that often occurs in girls. AIS is associated with a lower bone mass than that of healthy individuals and osteopenia. Leptin was shown to play an important role in bone growth. It can also regulate the function of chondrocytes. Changes in leptin and Ob-R levels in AIS patients have been reported in several studies. The underlying mechanisms between the dysfunction of peripheral leptin signaling and abnormal chondrocytes remain unclear; The following parameters were evaluated in AIS patients and the control groups: total serum leptin levels; Ob-R expression in the plasma membrane of primary chondrocytes; JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation status. Then, we inhibited the lysosome and proteasome and knocked down clathrin heavy chain (CHC) expression in primary chondrocytes isolated from girls with AIS and evaluated Ob-R expression. We investigated the effects of leptin combined with a lysosome inhibitor or CHC knockdown in primary chondrocytes obtained from AIS patients; Compared with the controls, AIS patients showed similar total serum leptin levels, reduced JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, and decreased cartilage matrix synthesis in the facet joint. Lower metabolic activity and lower membrane expression of Ob-R were observed in primary chondrocytes from the AIS group than in the controls. Lysosome inhibition increased the total Ob-R content but had no effect on the membrane expression of Ob-R or leptin’s effects on AIS primary chondrocytes. CHC knockdown upregulated the membrane Ob-R levels and enhanced leptin’s effects on AIS primary chondrocytes; The underlying mechanism of chondrocytes that are hyposensitive to leptin in some girls with AIS is low plasma membrane Ob-R expression that results from an imbalance between the rate of receptor endocytosis and the insertion of newly synthesized receptors into the membrane.
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Zhang ZM, Shen C, Li H, Fan Q, Ding J, Jin FC, Sha L. Leptin induces the apoptosis of chondrocytes in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis via the JAK2‑STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3684-90. [PMID: 26936086 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data has suggested a high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) among obese people. As an important adipokine secreted by white adipose tissue, leptin may be a key mediator in the progression of OA. Leptin exerts a catabolic effect on OA cartilage by increasing the production of metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes, and contributes to apoptosis in chondrocytes. The current study aimed to explore the role of leptin on the apoptosis of chondrocytes in OA, and its underlying mechanisms. In the in vitro model of OA used in the present study, administration of exogenous leptin induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in chondrocytes. It has been demonstrated that leptin is associated with the pathogenesis of OA via the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)‑signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, and data gathered in the present study demonstrated that suppression of this signaling pathway using a JAK2 inhibitor, AG490, significantly ameliorated leptin‑induced apoptosis in damaged chondrocytes in vitro, and reduced the generation of ROS. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of MMP‑13 and B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein were downregulated in the AG490‑treated group. The results of the present study may provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanism by which leptin induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. These findings indicated the importance of leptin as a therapeutic target for the treatment of OA in the overweight population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ming Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chun Jin
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lin Sha
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Le Clanche S, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Sari-Ali E, Rannou F, Borderie D. Inter-relations between osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome: A common link? Biochimie 2015; 121:238-52. [PMID: 26700146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder of the joint, principally occurring during aging, and characterized by a focal degradation of cartilage. It is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in industrialized countries and represents the second cause of disability in France. However, the etiology of OA remains unclear. There is only one cell type found in cartilage, chondrocyte, which is responsible for its repair and the synthesis of the elements of the extra-cellular matrix. A dysfunction of these cells results in an imbalance between repair and degradation in cartilage, leading to its destruction. Recently, a link between OA and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested, introducing a notion of metabolic OA, and a new vision of the disease. MetS is characterized by a cluster of factors (insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity), although there is still no clear definition of it. During the 20th century, MetS dramatically increased with changes in population lifestyle, becoming a major health issue in industrialized countries. MetS concerns 10-30% of the worldwide population, but is prevalent in 59% of OA patients. Patients with both OA and MetS have more severe symptoms, occurring sooner than in the general population. Indeed, OA is generally a disease concerning the population over 65 years old, but with an associated MetS the target population is around 50 years old. In this review, we will focus on common factors in OA and MetS, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperglycemia, linking one disease to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Clanche
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - D Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; UMR-S 1166 INSERM ICAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 75013 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - E Sari-Ali
- Groupe de Recherche En Orthopédie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (GREOPS), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - F Rannou
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Service de rééducation, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
| | - D Borderie
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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Lee SW, Rho JH, Lee SY, Kim JH, Cheong JH, Kim HY, Jeong NY, Chung WT, Yoo YH. Leptin protects rat articular chondrocytes from cytotoxicity induced by TNF-α in the presence of cyclohexamide. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:2269-2278. [PMID: 26074364 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although leptin appears to be an important local and systemic factor influencing cartilage homeostasis, the role of leptin in chondrocyte death is largely unknown. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of articular diseases. This study examines whether leptin modulates TNF-α-induced articular chondrocyte death. METHODS Primary rat articular chondrocytes were isolated from knee joint cartilage slices. To induce cell death, the chondrocytes were treated with TNF-α. To examine whether leptin modulates the extent of TNF-α-mediated chondrocyte death, the cells were pretreated with leptin for 3 h before TNF-α treatment followed by viability analysis. To examine the mechanism by which leptin modulates the extent of TNF-α-mediated chondrocyte death, we utilized mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) measurements, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology observation, co-immunoprecipitation, western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrated that leptin suppresses TNF-α induced chondrocyte death. We further found that apoptosis partially contributes to TNF-α induced chondrocyte death while necroptosis primarily contributes to TNF-α induced chondrocyte death. In addition, we observed that leptin exerts anti-TNF-α toxicity via c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in rat articular chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we suggest that the leptin present in the articular joint fluid protects articular chondrocytes against cumulative mechanical load and detrimental stresses throughout a lifetime, delaying the onset of degenerative changes in chondrocytes. We can further hypothesize that leptin protects articular chondrocytes against destructive stimuli even in the joints of osteoarthritis (OA) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - J H Rho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - S Y Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea; BK21 Plus Research Group, Longevity and Marine Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - J-H Cheong
- BK21 Plus Research Group, Longevity and Marine Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - N Y Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - W T Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Y H Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA), even in non-weight bearing joints. High levels of adipose tissue-associated inflammation may explain this association. SOURCES OF DATA AND AREAS OF DEBATE Published evidence looking at the associations between components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and knee, hip or hand OA and the higher mortality described with knee OA. EMERGING POINTS Development of MetS and OA shares a relationship with adipose tissue-associated inflammation. This review supports this inflammatory pathway being part of the shared mechanism behind obesity as a risk factor for OA and the recently described OA-associated increased mortality. TIMELY AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT In an era of an obesity epidemic, this review identifies a need for well-designed cohort studies assessing early metabolic changes in populations at high risk of OA and MetS, and to identify risk factors for increased mortality in patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kluzek
- ARUK Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J L Newton
- ARUK Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK The Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - N K Arden
- ARUK Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Walsh TP, Gill TK, Evans AM, Yaxley A, Shanahan EM, Hill CL. Association of Fat Mass and Adipokines With Foot Pain in a Community Cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 68:526-33. [PMID: 26315271 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine, first, if fat mass index (FMI) or fat-free mass index (FFMI) and serum adipokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with prevalent (stage 2) foot pain, and, second, if they are predictive of future (stage 3) foot pain. METHODS A subset of participants ages ≥50 years (n = 1,462) from the North West Adelaide Health Study were used for this study. Participants from this community cohort were asked in stage 2 (2004-2006) and stage 3 (2008-2010) if they had foot pain, aching, or stiffness. In stage 2, serum adipokines and anthropometry were measured, while body composition was analyzed with dual x-ray absorptiometry. These variables, along with comorbidities and social history, were used in logistic regression analyses to determine if FMI, FFMI, and serum adipokines were associated with foot pain. RESULTS Prevalent foot pain was present in 20.2% of participants, and future foot pain in 36.4%. Following multivariate modeling, the odds of having pain at stage 2 increased by 8% for each FMI unit (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.04-1.12), while the odds of having pain at stage 3 increased by 6% for each FMI unit at stage 2 (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11). TNF level, IL-6 level, and FFMI were not associated with pain. CONCLUSION Increased FMI, but not body mass index, FFMI, or TNF or IL-6 level, was associated with both prevalent and future foot pain. These results suggest that body fat may be more important than body weight with respect to foot pain. The role played by other adipokines requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P Walsh
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Alison Yaxley
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Michael Shanahan
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, and Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine L Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
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44
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Chen XX, Yang T. Roles of leptin in bone metabolism and bone diseases. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:474-85. [PMID: 25777984 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been more accepted as an active contributor to whole body homeostasis, rather than just a fat depot, since leptin, a 16 kDa protein, was discovered as the product of the obese gene in 1994. With more and more studies conducted on this hormone, it has been shown that there is a close relationship between adipose tissue and bone, which have important effects on each other. Bone is the source of many hormones, such as osteocalcin, that can affect energy metabolism and then the anabolism or catabolism of fat tissue. In contrast, the adipose tissue synthesizes and releases a series of adipokines, which are involved in bone metabolism through direct or indirect effects on bone formation and resorption. Interestingly, leptin, one of the most important cytokines derived from fat tissue, seems to account for the largest part of effects on bone, through direct or indirect involvement in bone remodeling and by playing a significant role in many bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatic arthritis, bone tumors and even fractures. In this review, we will discuss the progress in leptin research, particularly focusing on the roles of leptin in bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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45
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De Blasio MJ, Boije M, Vaughan OR, Bernstein BS, Davies KL, Plein A, Kempster SL, Smith GCS, Charnock-Jones DS, Blache D, Wooding FBP, Giussani DA, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Developmental Expression and Glucocorticoid Control of the Leptin Receptor in Fetal Ovine Lung. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136115. [PMID: 26287800 PMCID: PMC4545393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of endogenous and synthetic glucocorticoids on fetal lung maturation are well-established, although the role of leptin in lung development before birth is unclear. This study examined mRNA and protein levels of the signalling long-form leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in fetal ovine lungs towards term, and after experimental manipulation of glucocorticoid levels in utero by fetal cortisol infusion or maternal dexamethasone treatment. In fetal ovine lungs, Ob-Rb protein was localised to bronchiolar epithelium, bronchial cartilage, vascular endothelium, alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes. Pulmonary Ob-Rb mRNA abundance increased between 100 (0.69 fractional gestational age) and 144 days (0.99) of gestation, and by 2-4-fold in response to fetal cortisol infusion and maternal dexamethasone treatment. In contrast, pulmonary Ob-Rb protein levels decreased near term and were halved by glucocorticoid treatment, without any significant change in phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pSTAT3) at Ser727, total STAT3 or the pulmonary pSTAT3:STAT3 ratio. Leptin mRNA was undetectable in fetal ovine lungs at the gestational ages studied. These findings demonstrate differential control of pulmonary Ob-Rb transcript abundance and protein translation, and/or post-translational processing, by glucocorticoids in utero. Localisation of Ob-Rb in the fetal ovine lungs, including alveolar type II pneumocytes, suggests a role for leptin signalling in the control of lung growth and maturation before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J. De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Boije
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Owen R. Vaughan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brett S. Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Plein
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Kempster
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C. S. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D. Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Blache
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F. B. Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Scotece M, Mobasheri A. Leptin in osteoarthritis: Focus on articular cartilage and chondrocytes. Life Sci 2015; 140:75-8. [PMID: 26094910 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disorder with a number of underlying physical, biochemical, biomechanical and genetic causes. Obesity is considered to be one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of OA. It actively contributes to the inflammatory status and to cartilage degradation in the OA joints. Recent data suggests that metabolic factors produced by white adipose tissue, such as leptin, may provide a mechanistic link between obesity and OA, providing an explanation for the high prevalence of OA among obese and over-weight individuals. The unbalanced production of catabolic and anabolic mediators by chondrocytes, the only cell type present in cartilage, determines cartilage degradation, which is the central pathological feature of OA. Evidence is accumulating to support a key role for leptin in the pathogenesis and/or progression of OA. The goal of this focused review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of leptin in OA with particular emphasis on the effects of this adipokine in cartilage and chondrocyte pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Scotece
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9 (NEIRID LAB: Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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47
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Kluzek S, Arden NK, Newton J. Adipokines as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with acute knee injury. Biomarkers 2015; 20:519-25. [PMID: 26006054 PMCID: PMC4819580 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.948914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review considers adipokines as predictive biomarkers for early onset post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Serum concentrations of leptin and resistin can predict radiographic changes and are elevated in early KOA, with higher leptin concentrations independently associated with more severe knee changes. Plasma concentrations of resistin are chronically elevated after injury. Leptin, resistin, chemerin and vistfatin induce catabolic enzymes associated with cartilage degeneration. Available literature on adipokines in post-traumatic KOA pathogenesis suggests that they could contribute to risk prediction of early onset post-traumatic KOA. Further research is needed to further understand the association between adipokines, synovitis and long-term outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kluzek
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics , Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- b Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK , and.,c MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit , University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton , UK
| | - Julia Newton
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics , Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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48
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Musumeci G, Aiello FC, Szychlinska MA, Di Rosa M, Castrogiovanni P, Mobasheri A. Osteoarthritis in the XXIst century: risk factors and behaviours that influence disease onset and progression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6093-112. [PMID: 25785564 PMCID: PMC4394521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a growing public health problem across the globe, affecting more than half of the over 65 population. In the past, OA was considered a wear and tear disease, leading to the loss of articular cartilage and joint disability. Nowadays, thanks to advancements in molecular biology, OA is believed to be a very complex multifactorial disease. OA is a degenerative disease characterized by “low-grade inflammation” in cartilage and synovium, resulting in the loss of joint structure and progressive deterioration of cartilage. Although the disease can be dependent on genetic and epigenetic factors, sex, ethnicity, and age (cellular senescence, apoptosis and lubricin), it is also associated with obesity and overweight, dietary factors, sedentary lifestyle and sport injuries. The aim of this review is to highlight how certain behaviors, habits and lifestyles may be involved in the onset and progression of OA and to summarize the principal risk factors involved in the development of this complicated joint disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Flavia Concetta Aiello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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49
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King LK, Henneicke H, Seibel MJ, March L, Anandacoomarasmy A. Association of adipokines and joint biomarkers with cartilage-modifying effects of weight loss in obese subjects. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:397-404. [PMID: 25481288 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine (1) the effects of weight loss in obese subjects on six adipokines and joint biomarkers; and (2) the relationship between changes in these markers with changes in cartilage outcomes. DESIGN Plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, COMP, MMP-3 and urine levels of CTX-II were measured at baseline and 12 months from 75 obese subjects enrolled in two weight-loss programs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess cartilage volume and thickness. Associations between weight loss, cartilage outcomes and markers were adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, presence of clinical knee OA, with and without weight loss percent. RESULTS Mean weight loss was 13.0 ± 9.5%. Greater weight loss percentage was associated with an increase in adiponectin (β = 0.019, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.026,) and a decrease in leptin (β = -1.09, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.82). Multiple regression analysis saw an increase in adiponectin associated with reduced loss of medial tibial cartilage volume (β = 14.4, CI 2.6 to 26.3) and medial femoral cartilage volume (β = 18.1, 95% CI 4.4 to 31.8). Decrease in leptin was associated with reduced loss of medial femoral volume (β = -4.1, 95% CI -6.8 to -1.4) and lateral femoral volume (β = -1.8, 95% CI -3.7 to 0.0). When weight loss percent was included in the model, only the relationships between COMP and cartilage volume remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin and leptin may be associated with cartilage loss. Further work will determine the relative contributions of metabolic and mechanical factors in the obesity-related joint changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K King
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - H Henneicke
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - M J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - L March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - A Anandacoomarasmy
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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50
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Fowler-Brown A, Kim DH, Shi L, Marcantonio E, Wee CC, Shmerling RH, Leveille S. The mediating effect of leptin on the relationship between body weight and knee osteoarthritis in older adults. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:169-75. [PMID: 25302634 PMCID: PMC4504208 DOI: 10.1002/art.38913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Emerging evidence suggests that adipokines, substances produced by adipose tissue, may play a role in the development of knee OA. The aim of this study was to determine whether the inflammatory adipokine leptin partially mediates the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and knee OA. METHODS We used baseline data from 653 participants who were 70 years of age or older in the population-based Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly Boston Study. Height and weight were measured, and participants were assessed for knee OA using clinical criteria. Serum leptin was measured using a microsphere-based assay. RESULTS The average BMI and the average serum leptin level were 27.5 kg/m(2) and 589 pM, respectively; the prevalence of knee OA was 24.7%. In regression models adjusted for covariates, we found that a 5-kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with 32% increased odds of knee OA (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.10, 1.58); a 200-pM increase in serum leptin levels was associated with 11% increased odds of knee OA (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05, 1.17). The ratio of the standardized coefficients for the indirect:total effect calculated using the product-of-coefficients method was 0.49, suggesting that approximately half of the total effect of BMI on knee OA may be mediated by serum leptin. The estimated 95% CIs for the mediated effect suggest that this effect is statistically significant. Similarly, mediation analysis using a counterfactual approach suggested that the effect of leptin mediation was statistically significant. CONCLUSION We found that almost half of the association between elevated BMI and knee OA could be explained by the inflammatory adipokine leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fowler-Brown
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Division of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Ling Shi
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Edward Marcantonio
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, University of Massachusetts, Boston
- Division of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Christina C. Wee
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Robert H. Shmerling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Boston
| | - Suzanne Leveille
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, University of Massachusetts, Boston
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston
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