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Hamoudi Z, Leung C, Khuong TM, Cooney G, Neely GG. Vitamin B5 is a context-dependent dietary regulator of nociception. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae174. [PMID: 39073591 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain has an enormous impact on the quality of life of billions of patients, families, and caregivers worldwide. Current therapies do not adequately address pain for most patients. A basic understanding of the conserved genetic framework controlling pain may help us develop better, non-addictive pain therapies. Here, we identify new conserved and druggable analgesic targets using the tissue-specific functional genomic screening of candidate "pain" genes in fly. From these efforts, we describe 23 new pain genes for further consideration. This included Acsl, a fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme, and mammalian orthologs involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. The Acsl knockdown and mutant larvae showed delayed nocifensive responses to localized and global noxious heat. Mechanistically, the Acsl knockdown reduced dendritic branching of nociceptive neurons. Surprisingly, the pain phenotype in these animals could be rescued through dietary intervention with vitamin B5, highlighting the interplay between genetics, metabolism, and nutrient environment to establish sensory perception thresholds. Together, our functional genomic screening within the sensory nociceptor has identified new nociception genes that provide a better understanding of pain biology and can help guide the development of new painkillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Hamoudi
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Calvin Leung
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Thang Manh Khuong
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Huang L, Deng X, Yang X, Tang Z, Fan S, Zhou Z, Tao M, Liu S. Cloning, distribution, and effects of growth regulation of MC3R and MC4R in red crucian carp ( Carassius auratus red var.). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1310000. [PMID: 38322156 PMCID: PMC10846643 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1310000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R), G protein-coupled receptors, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. To understand the functions of mc3r and mc4r in the energy homeostasis of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., RCC), we cloned mc3r and mc4r, analyzed the tissue expression and localization of the genes, and investigated the effects of knockout of mc3r (mc3r +/-) and mc4r (mc4r +/-) in RCC. Results The full-length cDNAs of RCC mc3r and mc4r were 1459 base pairs (bp) and 1894 bp, respectively. qRT-PCR indicated that mc3r and mc4r were profusely expressed in the brain, but lower expressed in the periphery tissues. ISH revealed that mc3r and mc4r were located in NPP, NPO, NAPv, NSC, NAT, NRL, NLTl, and NLTp of the brain, suggesting that mc3r and mc4r might regulate many physiological and behavioral aspects in RCC. To further verify the roles of mc3r and mc4r in energy homeostasis, the mc3r+/- and mc4r+/- fish were obtained by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The average body weights, total lengths, body depths, and food intake of mc4r+/- fish were significantly higher than those of mc3r+/- and the normal wild-type (WT) fish, but there was no difference between the mc3r+/- and WT fish, indicating that the RCC phenotype and food intake were mainly influenced by mc4r but not mc3r. Interestingly, mc4r+/- fish displayed more visceral fat mass than mc3r+/- and WT fish, and mc3r+/- fish also exhibited slightly more visceral fat mass compared to WT. RNA-seq of the liver and muscle revealed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) differed in WT vs. mc3r+/-, WT vs. mc4r+/-, and mc3r+/- vs. mc4r+/-, mainly related to lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways such as steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, wnt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, thereby affecting lipid accumulation and growth. Conclusion In conclusion, these results will assist in the further investigation of the molecular mechanisms in which MC3R and MC4R were involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Jin ZL, Gao WY, Guo F, Liao SJ, Hu MZ, Yu T, Yu SZ, Shi Q. Ring Finger Protein 146-mediated Long-chain Fatty-acid-Coenzyme a Ligase 4 Ubiquitination Regulates Ferroptosis-induced Neuronal Damage in Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2023; 529:148-161. [PMID: 37591333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase 4 (ACSL4) is a critical isozyme for ferroptosis that participates in the progression of IS. RING finger protein 146 (RNF146) is an E3 ligase predicted to interact with ACSL4 and regulated by activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). The molecular mechanism of the RNF146/ACSL4 axis in IS is still unclear. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) treatment was used as the in vitro model, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice were established for the in vivo model for IS. The protein level of ACSL4 was monitored by Western blot during ischemic injury. RNF146 was overexpressed in vitro and in vivo. The interaction of RNF146 and ACSL4 was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase assay were utilized to determine the regulation of ATF3 on RNF146. Ferroptosis was evaluated by the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+, and protein levels of related genes including ACSL4, SLC7A11, and GPX4. ACSL4 was downregulated upon OGD treatment and then increased by re-oxygenation. RNF146 was responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of ACSL4 protein. RNF146 overexpression could prevent the stimulation of OGD/R-induced LDH, MDA, and Fe2+ levels and ferroptosis-related gene expression. ATF3 could activate the transcription and expression of RNF146, leading to the inhibition of OGD/R-induced neuron ferroptosis. The ATF3-mediated RNF146 could alleviate neuronal damage in IS by regulating ACSL4 ubiquitination and ferroptosis, providing a novel theoretical basis for exploring therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Long Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Ying Gao
- Department of TCM Pediatrics, Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangmen 529030, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Liao
- Department of Spine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhe Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shang-Zhen Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Phadnis VV, Snider J, Varadharajan V, Ramachandiran I, Deik AA, Lai ZW, Kunchok T, Eaton EN, Sebastiany C, Lyakisheva A, Vaccaro KD, Allen J, Yao Z, Wong V, Geng B, Weiskopf K, Clish CB, Brown JM, Stagljar I, Weinberg RA, Henry WS. MMD collaborates with ACSL4 and MBOAT7 to promote polyunsaturated phosphatidylinositol remodeling and susceptibility to ferroptosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113023. [PMID: 37691145 PMCID: PMC10591818 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death with roles in degenerative diseases and cancer. Excessive iron-catalyzed peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, especially those containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), is central in driving ferroptosis. Here, we reveal that an understudied Golgi-resident scaffold protein, MMD, promotes susceptibility to ferroptosis in ovarian and renal carcinoma cells in an ACSL4- and MBOAT7-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MMD physically interacts with both ACSL4 and MBOAT7, two enzymes that catalyze sequential steps to incorporate AA in phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids. Thus, MMD increases the flux of AA into PI, resulting in heightened cellular levels of AA-PI and other AA-containing phospholipid species. This molecular mechanism points to a pro-ferroptotic role for MBOAT7 and AA-PI, with potential therapeutic implications, and reveals that MMD is an important regulator of cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi V Phadnis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elinor Ng Eaton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Anna Lyakisheva
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kyle D Vaccaro
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Juliet Allen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Betty Geng
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kipp Weiskopf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Whitney S Henry
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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5
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Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. The ACSL4 Network Regulates Cell Death and Autophagy in Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:864. [PMID: 37372148 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, cell death, and autophagy are interconnected processes in cells. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to cell death, such as via ferroptosis and apoptosis, while lipids also play a crucial role in the regulation of autophagosome formation. An increased autophagic response not only promotes cell survival but also causes cell death depending on the context, especially when selectively degrading antioxidant proteins or organelles that promote ferroptosis. ACSL4 is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of long-chain acyl-CoA molecules, which are important intermediates in the biosynthesis of various types of lipids. ACSL4 is found in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain, liver, and adipose tissue. Dysregulation of ACSL4 is linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, and metabolic disorders (such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). In this review, we introduce the structure, function, and regulation of ACSL4; discuss its role in apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy; summarize its pathological function; and explore the potential implications of targeting ACSL4 in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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6
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Jia B, Li J, Song Y, Luo C. ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10021. [PMID: 37373168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death, ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been implicated in the occurrence and development of various diseases, including nervous system diseases and injuries. Ferroptosis has become a potential target for intervention in these diseases or injuries in relevant preclinical models. As a member of the Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family (ACSLs) that can convert saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain familymember4 (ACSL4) is involved in the regulation of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, thus leading to ferroptosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms of ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis will promote additional treatment strategies for these diseases or injury conditions. Our review article provides a current view of ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis, mainly including the structure and function of ACSL4, as well as the role of ACSL4 in ferroptosis. We also summarize the latest research progress of ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis in central nervous system injuries and diseases, further proving that ACSL4-medicated ferroptosis is an important target for intervention in these diseases or injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Jia
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiting Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Mori Sequeiros Garcia MM, Paz C, Castillo AF, Benzo Y, Belluno MA, Balcázar Martínez A, Maloberti PM, Cornejo Maciel F, Poderoso C. New insights into signal transduction pathways in adrenal steroidogenesis: role of mitochondrial fusion, lipid mediators, and MAPK phosphatases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1175677. [PMID: 37223023 PMCID: PMC10200866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1175677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-receptor signal transduction has been extensively studied in adrenal gland. Zona glomerulosa and fasciculata cells are responsible for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid synthesis by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation, respectively. Since the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis occurs in the mitochondria, these organelles are key players in the process. The maintenance of functional mitochondria depends on mitochondrial dynamics, which involves at least two opposite events, i.e., mitochondrial fusion and fission. This review presents state-of-the-art data on the role of mitochondrial fusion proteins, such as mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), in Ang II-stimulated steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells. Both proteins are upregulated by Ang II, and Mfn2 is strictly necessary for adrenal steroid synthesis. The signaling cascades of steroidogenic hormones involve an increase in several lipidic metabolites such as arachidonic acid (AA). In turn, AA metabolization renders several eicosanoids released to the extracellular medium able to bind membrane receptors. This report discusses OXER1, an oxoeicosanoid receptor which has recently arisen as a novel participant in adrenocortical hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis through its activation by AA-derived 5-oxo-ETE. This work also intends to broaden knowledge of phospho/dephosphorylation relevance in adrenocortical cells, particularly MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) role in steroidogenesis. At least three MKPs participate in steroid production and processes such as the cellular cycle, either directly or by means of MAP kinase regulation. To sum up, this review discusses the emerging role of mitochondrial fusion proteins, OXER1 and MKPs in the regulation of steroid synthesis in adrenal cortex cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Mori Sequeiros Garcia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Fernanda Castillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Benzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías A. Belluno
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariana Balcázar Martínez
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Mariana Maloberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Cornejo Maciel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Luan Y, Jin Y, Zhang P, Li H, Yang Y. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and cardiac hypertrophy: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1015722. [PMID: 36337896 PMCID: PMC9630933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1015722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy has been shown to compensate for cardiac performance and improve ventricular wall tension as well as oxygen consumption. This compensatory response results in several heart diseases, which include ischemia disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease. Although the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy remains complicated, previous data show that dysfunction of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. The interaction between the mitochondria and ER is mediated by mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which play an important role in the pathology of cardiac hypertrophy. The function of MAMs has mainly been associated with calcium transfer, lipid synthesis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we discuss key MAMs-associated proteins and their functions in cardiovascular system and define their roles in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, we demonstrate that MAMs is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yage Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Targeting the Sphingolipid Rheostat in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169255. [PMID: 36012521 PMCID: PMC9408832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly aggressive cancer types that are in urgent need of novel drugs and targeted therapies. Treatment protocols have not improved in over a decade, and glioma patient survival remains among the worst of all cancer types. As a result, cancer metabolism research has served as an innovative approach to identifying novel glioma targets and improving our understanding of brain tumors. Recent research has uncovered a unique metabolic vulnerability in the sphingolipid pathways of gliomas that possess the IDH1 mutation. Sphingolipids are a family of lipid signaling molecules that play a variety of second messenger functions in cellular regulation. The two primary metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, maintain a rheostat balance and play opposing roles in cell survival and proliferation. Altering the rheostat such that the pro-apoptotic signaling of the ceramides outweighs the pro-survival S1P signaling in glioma cells diminishes the hallmarks of cancer and enhances tumor cell death. Throughout this review, we discuss the sphingolipid pathway and identify the enzymes that can be most effectively targeted to alter the sphingolipid rheostat and enhance apoptosis in gliomas. We discuss each pathway’s steps based on their site of occurrence in the organelles and postulate novel targets that can effectively exploit this vulnerability.
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11
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Lai Y, Zeng F, Chen Z, Feng M, Huang Y, Qiu P, Zeng L, Ke Y, Deng G, Gao J. Shikonin Could Be Used to Treat Tubal Pregnancy via Enhancing Ferroptosis Sensitivity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2083-2099. [PMID: 35800255 PMCID: PMC9255906 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Albeit oxidative stress has been implied in the pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy (TP), there are scant data to suggest that ferroptosis occurs in TP. Shikonin plays a pivotal role in redox status, but whether it can regulate ferroptosis to treat TP remains unknown. Methods We collected and analyzed ferroptosis-related indices from the villous tissue (VT) of women suffering from TP and from women with a normal pregnancy. In vitro, we used shikonin and/or RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) to intervene HTR-8/SVneo cells and further detected ferroptosis indices and cell functions. Finally, the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is pharmacologically activated to explore the effect of Nrf2 on shikonin regulating ferroptosis. Results Increased malondialdehyde content, reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and upregulated protein expression which promoted ferroptosis were observed in the VT of TP patients, suggesting that ferroptosis occurred during TP. In vitro, shikonin enhanced ferroptosis sensitivity in HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by RSL3 via amplifying lipid peroxidation, which mainly included increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS and Fe2+ level. RSL3 and/or shikonin inhibited Nrf2 and downregulated protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPx4 caused by RSL3 + shikonin co-treatment, which could be reversed under activation of Nrf2. Hence, shikonin facilitated lipid peroxidation by inhibiting Nrf2 signaling. Additionally, shikonin and/or RSL3 potently inhibited the invasion and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Conclusion This study firstly showed that ferroptosis may be involved in TP pathogenesis and shikonin potentially targeted ferroptosis to treat TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Lai
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zeng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zeng
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ke
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaopi Deng
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Gao; Gaopi Deng, Email ;
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Duan J, Wang Z, Duan R, Yang C, Zhao R, Feng Q, Qin Y, Jiang J, Gu S, Lv K, zhang L, He B, Birnbaumer L, Yang S, Chen Z, Yang Y. Therapeutic targeting of hepatic ACSL4 ameliorates NASH in mice. Hepatology 2022; 75:140-153. [PMID: 34510514 PMCID: PMC8688219 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Globally, NAFLD is one of the most common liver disorders, with an estimated prevalence rate of more than 30% in men and 15% in women and an even higher prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Optimal pharmacologic therapeutic approaches for NAFLD are an urgent necessity. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we showed that compared with healthy controls, hepatic ACSL4 levels in patients with NAFLD were found to be elevated. Suppression of ACSL4 expression promoted mitochondrial respiration, thereby enhancing the capacity of hepatocytes to mediate β-oxidation of fatty acids and to minimize lipid accumulation by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 alpha. Moreover, we found that abemaciclib is a potent and selective ACSL4 inhibitor, and low dose of abemaciclib significantly ameliorated most of the NAFLD symptoms in multiple NAFLD mice models. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, inhibition of ACSL4 is a potential alternative therapeutic approach for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenxinhui Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ruolin Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shouyong Gu
- Province Geriatic Hospital, 30 Luojia Road, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Kaiyan Lv
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Libo zhang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bixia He
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AFF, Argentina, and Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Center of hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Mielczarek-Puta M, Graboń W. The Real Cytotoxic Effect of Artemisinins on Colon Cancer Cells in a Physiological Cell Culture Setting. How Composition of the Culture Medium Biases Experimental Findings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100976. [PMID: 34681200 PMCID: PMC8540140 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) are anti-malaria drugs but also exhibit huge anticancer potential based on ferroptosis driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study was conducted on primary (SW480), metastatic (SW620) colon cancer, and noncancerous HaCaT cells at pharmacologically relevant drug concentrations (1-8 µM) and in the presence of holotransferrin (TRFi 50 µM) and linoleic acid (LA 20, 40 µM) at physiological levels. ART and DHA showed the growth inhibitory potency which was significantly increased in the presence of LA or/and TRFi. The IC50 for ART or DHA, LA40 and TRFi combination in both cancer cell lines ranged 0.14-0.69 µM whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed for HaCaT cells (SI = 202-480). Almost all experimental settings revealed late apoptosis in both cancer cell lines, but not in normal cells. The percentage of late apoptotic cells increased with LA concentrations and was intensified after TRFi addition. The strongest pro-apoptic effect was exhibited by ART or DHA, LA40, and TRFi combination. More interestingly, we found a stimulatory effect of TRFi on IL-6 synthesis. The present study using LA and TRFi which are inherent blood components revealed high antitumor artemisinin activity in concentrations achievable after drug administration to cancer patients without toxic effects on normal cells.
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Structure and Function of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4578809. [PMID: 34336092 PMCID: PMC8289621 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4578809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal function of suborganelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum often leads to abnormal function of cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) is involved in several important cellular functions. Increasing evidence shows that MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. MAM mediates multiple cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis regulation, lipid metabolism, unfolded protein response, ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are key risk factors for CVD. In this review, we discuss the structure of MAM and MAM-associated proteins, their role in CVD progression, and the potential use of MAM as the therapeutic targets for CVD treatment.
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Su S, Munganga BP, Tian C, Li J, Yu F, Li H, Wang M, He X, Tang Y. Comparative Analysis of the Intermolt and Postmolt Hepatopancreas Transcriptomes Provides Insight into the Mechanisms of Procambarus clarkii Molting Process. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:480. [PMID: 34070595 PMCID: PMC8228513 DOI: 10.3390/life11060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used RNA-Seq to investigate the expression changes in the transcriptomes of two molting stages (postmolt (M) and intermolt (NM)) of the red swamp crayfish and identified differentially expressed genes. The transcriptomes of the two molting stages were de novo assembled into 139,100 unigenes with a mean length of 675.59 bp. The results were searched against the NCBI, NR, KEGG, Swissprot, and KOG databases, to annotate gene descriptions, associate them with gene ontology terms, and assign them to pathways. Furthermore, using the DESeq R package, differentially expressed genes were evaluated. The analysis revealed that 2347 genes were significantly (p > 0.05) differentially expressed in the two molting stages. Several genes and other factors involved in several molecular events critical for the molting process, such as energy requirements, hormonal regulation, immune response, and exoskeleton formation were identified and evaluated by correlation and KEGG analysis. The expression profiles of transcripts detected via RNA-Seq were validated by real-time PCR assay of eight genes. The information presented here provides a transient view of the hepatopancreas transcripts available in the postmolt and intermolt stage of crayfish, hormonal regulation, immune response, and skeletal-related activities during the postmolt stage and the intermolt stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Brian Pelekelo Munganga
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Can Tian
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianlin Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Hongxia Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Meiyao Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinjin He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.P.M.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.H.)
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Wang DD, Hu XW, Jiang J, Sun LY, Qing Y, Yang XH, Gao Y, Cui GP, Li MH, Wang PK, Zhang J, Zhuang Y, Li ZZ, Li J, Guan LL, Zhang TH, Wang JJ, Ji F, Wan CL. Attenuated and delayed niacin skin flushing in schizophrenia and affective disorders: A potential clinical auxiliary diagnostic marker. Schizophr Res 2021; 230:53-60. [PMID: 33677199 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia and affective disorders all show high heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. A lack of objective biomarkers has long been a challenge in the clinical diagnosis of these diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the performance of niacin skin flushing in schizophrenia and affective disorders and determine its clinical potential as an auxiliary diagnostic marker. METHODS In this case-control study, niacin skin-flushing tests were conducted in 613 patients (including 307 schizophrenia patients, 179 bipolar disorder patients, and 127 unipolar depression patients) and 148 healthy controls (HCs) with a modified method. Differences in niacin skin-flushing responses were compared with adjustment for gender, BMI, age, nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and educational status. A diagnostic model was established based on a bivariate cut-off. RESULTS Schizophrenia and affective disorders showed similar performance of niacin bluntness, characterized by attenuated flushing extent and reduced flushing rate. An innovative bivariate cut-off was established according to these two features, by which we could identify -patients with either schizophrenia or affective disorders from HCs with a sensitivity of 55.28%, a specificity of 83.56% and a positive predictive value of 93.66%. CONCLUSIONS The niacin-induced skin flushing was prevalently blunted in patients with schizophrenia or affective disorders, indicating a promising potential as an auxiliary diagnostic marker in risk prediction and clinical management of these disorders. Additionally, the niacin-blunted subgroup implies a common biological basis in the investigated disorders, which provokes new thoughts in elucidating the pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ya Sun
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Han Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao-Ping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Kun Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneocology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Guan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Hong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Jun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Chun-Ling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychiatry Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Ferroptosis, trophoblast lipotoxic damage, and adverse pregnancy outcome. Placenta 2021; 108:32-38. [PMID: 33812183 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a central process in the control of tissue development, organismal physiology, and disease. Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of programmed cell death that is uniquely defined by redox-active iron-dependent hydroxy-peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids and a loss of lipid peroxidation repair capacity. This distinctive form of lipotoxic cell death has been recently implicated in multiple human diseases, spanning ischemia-reperfusion heart injury, brain damage, acute kidney injury, cancer, and asthma. Intriguingly, settings that have been associated with ferroptosis are linked to placental physiology and trophoblast injury. Such circumstances include hypoxia-reperfusion during placental development, physiological uterine contractions or pathological changes in placental bed perfusion, the abundance of trophoblastic iron, evidence for lipotoxicity during the pathophysiology of major placental disorders such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, and reduced glutathione peroxidation capacity and lipid peroxidation repair during placental injury. We recently interrogated placental ferroptosis in placental dysfunction in human and mouse pregnancy, dissected its relevance to placental injury, and validated the role of glutathione peroxidase-4 in guarding placental trophoblasts against ferroptotic injury. We also uncovered a role for the phospholipase PLA2G6 (PNPLA9) in attenuating trophoblast ferroptosis. Here, we summarize current data on trophoblast ferroptosis, and the role of several proteins and microRNAs as regulators of this process. Our text offers insights into new opportunities for regulating ferroptosis as a means for protecting placental trophoblasts against lipotoxic injury.
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Metabolic Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020083. [PMID: 33499222 PMCID: PMC7911352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ferroptosis is a recently defined nonapoptotic form of cell death that is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. As ferroptosis is caused by an overdose of lipid peroxidation resulting from dysregulation of the cellular antioxidant system, it is inherently closely associated with cellular metabolism. Here, we provide an updated review of the recent studies that have shown mechanisms of metabolic regulation of ferroptosis in the context of cancer. Abstract Ferroptosis is a unique cell death mechanism that is executed by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxidation in cells. The relevance of ferroptosis in multiple human diseases such as neurodegeneration, organ damage, and cancer is becoming increasingly evident. As ferroptosis is deeply intertwined with metabolic pathways such as iron, cyst(e)ine, glutathione, and lipid metabolism, a better understanding of how ferroptosis is regulated by these pathways will enable the precise utilization or prevention of ferroptosis for therapeutic uses. In this review, we present an update of the mechanisms underlying diverse metabolic pathways that can regulate ferroptosis in cancer.
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Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Gene Expression in Thraustochytriidae sp. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120612. [PMID: 33271856 PMCID: PMC7760700 DOI: 10.3390/md18120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism that contributes to nitrogen source dependent omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) synthesis in marine oleaginous protists Thraustochytriidae sp., was explored in this study. The fatty acid (FA) synthesis was significantly influenced by the supplement of various levels of sodium nitrate (SN) (1–50 mM) or urea (1–50 mM). Compared with SN (50 mM) cultivation, cells from urea (50 mM) cultivation accumulated 1.16-fold more n-3 PUFAs (49.49% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (w/w, of total FAs) and 5.28% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (w/w, of total FAs)). Strikingly higher quantities of short chain FAs (<18 carbons) (52.22-fold of that in urea cultivation) were produced from SN cultivation. Ten candidate reference genes (RGs) were screened by using four statistical methods (geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and RefFinder). MFT (Mitochondrial folate transporter) and NUC (Nucleolin) were determined as the stable RGs to normalize the RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) data of essential genes related to n-3 PUFAs-synthesis. Our results elucidated that the gene transcripts of delta(3,5)-delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, fatty acid elongase 3, long-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA ligase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were up-regulated under urea cultivation, contributing to the extension and unsaturated bond formation. These findings indicated that regulation of the specific genes through nitrogen source could greatly stimulate n-3 PUFA production in Thraustochytriidae sp.
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ACSL4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via c-Myc stability mediated by ERK/FBW7/c-Myc axis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:42. [PMID: 32350243 PMCID: PMC7190855 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous, multigene-driven malignant tumor. Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), an enzyme has pivotal roles in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. However, its function and the underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC are still not fully elucidated. Here, we identified ACSL4 as a novel marker for AFP high subtype HCC through transcriptome profiling. ACSL4 was frequently upregulated in HCC samples and associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, ACSL4 knockdown resulted in decreased cell growth, whereas ectopic ACSL4 expression facilitated tumor formation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ACSL4 stabilized the oncoprotein c-Myc through ubiquitin–proteasome system in an ERK/FBW7-dependent manner. Cell growth ability mediated by ACSL4 elevation was partly attenuated by c-Myc depletion using siRNA or its inhibitor 10058-F4. In contrast, the effects of ACSL4 silencing were partially reversed by c-Myc overexpression via FBW7 knockdown. Clinically, ACSL4 expression was positively correlated with c-Myc in HCC. In conclusion, ACSL4 is a novel marker for AFP high subtype HCC. Our data uncovered a new mechanism by which ACSL4 promotes HCC progression via c-Myc stability mediated by ERK/FBW7/c-Myc axis and could be a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Yu J, Li J, He S, Xu L, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Gong D, Gu Z. Sirt1 regulates the expression of critical metabolic genes in chicken hepatocytes. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Studies in mammals show that SIRT1 plays an important role in many biological processes including liver metabolism through histone and non-histone deacetylation. Little is known about the function of Sirt1 in the chicken.
Aims
The current study investigated the expression pattern of Sirt1 mRNA in the chicken and its functions in the chicken liver.
Methods
In this work, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the expression levels of Sirt1 mRNA in major chicken organs and tissue types, siRNA to knock down Sirt1 expression in primary chicken hepatocytes, RNA sequencing to identify gene-expression changes induced by Sirt1 knockdown, and analysed the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology analysis.
Key results
In total, 86 DEGs were found between Sirt1 knockdown and control chicken hepatocytes, of which 63 genes were downregulated and 23 genes were upregulated by Sirt1 knockdown. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that 24 DEGs were involved in metabolism. Seven DEGs were involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Conclusions
The present study showed that Sirt1 regulates the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and many other biological processes in the chicken liver.
Implications
The results of the present study imply that Sirt1 has various functions in the chicken liver and that Sirt1 plays a potentially important role in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the chicken.
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Role of acyl-CoA synthetase ACSL4 in arachidonic acid metabolism. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kuwata H, Nakatani E, Shimbara-Matsubayashi S, Ishikawa F, Shibanuma M, Sasaki Y, Yoda E, Nakatani Y, Hara S. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 participates in the formation of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids in murine macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1606-1618. [PMID: 31376475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSLs) are a family of enzymes that convert free long-chain fatty acids into their acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) forms. ACSL4, belonging to the ACSL family, shows a preferential use of arachidonic acid (AA) as its substrate and plays a role in the remodeling of AA-containing phospholipids by incorporating free AA. However, little is known about the roles of ACSL4 in inflammatory responses. Here, we assessed the roles of ACSL4 on the effector functions of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) obtained from mice lacking ACSL4. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that various highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA)-derived fatty acyl-CoA species were markedly decreased in the BMDMs obtained from ACSL4-deficient mice compared with those in the BMDMs obtained from wild-type mice. BMDMs from ACSL4-deficient mice also showed a reduced incorporation of HUFA into phosphatidylcholines. The stimulation of BMDMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited the release of prostaglandins (PGs), such as PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2α, and the production of these mediators was significantly enhanced by ACSL4 deficiency. In contrast, neither the LPS-induced release of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-10, nor the endocytosis of zymosan or dextran was affected by ACSL4 deficiency. These results suggest that ACSL4 has a crucial role in the maintenance of HUFA composition of certain phospholipid species and in the incorporation of free AA into the phospholipids in LPS-stimulated macrophages. ACSL4 dysfunction may facilitate inflammatory responses by an enhanced eicosanoid storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Eriko Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Shimbara-Matsubayashi
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Motoko Shibanuma
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Shimbara-Matsubayashi S, Kuwata H, Tanaka N, Kato M, Hara S. Analysis on the Substrate Specificity of Recombinant Human Acyl-CoA Synthetase ACSL4 Variants. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:850-855. [PMID: 31061331 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family members (ACSLs) are a family of enzymes that convert long-chain free fatty acids into their acyl-CoAs. ACSL4 is an ACSL isozyme with a strong preference for arachidonic acid (AA) and has been hypothesized to modulate the metabolic fates of AA. There are two ACSL4 splice variants: ACSL4V1, which is the more abundant transcript, and ACSL4V2, which is believed to be restricted to the brain. In the present study, we expressed recombinant human ACSL4V1 and V2 in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells using the baculovirus expression system and then partially purified both variants by cobalt affinity column chromatography. We then established a novel ACSL assay system with LC-MS/MS, which is highly sensitive and applicable to various kinds of fatty acids, and used it to investigate the substrate specificity of recombinant human ACSL4V1 and V2. The results showed that both ACSL4 variants preferred various kinds of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), adrenic acid (docosatetraenoic acid) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as well as AA as a substrate. Moreover, our kinetic studies revealed that the two variants had similar relative affinities for AA, EPA and DHA but different reaction rates for each HUFA. These results confirmed the importance of both of ACSL4 variants in the maintenance of membrane phospholipids bearing HUFAs. Structural analysis of these variants might reveal the molecular mechanism by which they maintain membrane phospholipids bearing HUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Shimbara-Matsubayashi
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University.,Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Nobutada Tanaka
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Masaru Kato
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
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25
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Singh AB, Kan CFK, Kraemer FB, Sobel RA, Liu J. Liver-specific knockdown of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 reveals its key role in VLDL-TG metabolism and phospholipid synthesis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E880-E894. [PMID: 30721098 PMCID: PMC6580179 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00503.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) has a unique substrate specificity for arachidonic acid. Hepatic ACSL4 is coregulated with the phospholipid (PL)-remodeling enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) acyltransferase 3 by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ to modulate the plasma triglyceride (TG) metabolism. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of hepatic ACSL4 deficiency on lipid metabolism in adult mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Adenovirus-mediated expression of a mouse ACSL4 shRNA (Ad-shAcsl4) in the liver of HFD-fed mice led to a 43% reduction of hepatic arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase activity and a 53% decrease in ACSL4 protein levels compared with mice receiving control adenovirus (Ad-shLacZ). Attenuated ACSL4 expression resulted in a substantial decrease in circulating VLDL-TG levels without affecting plasma cholesterol. Lipidomics profiling revealed that knocking down ACSL4 altered liver PL compositions, with the greatest impact on accumulation of abundant LPC species (LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:0) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) species (LPE 16:0 and LPE 18:0). In addition, fasting glucose and insulin levels were higher in Ad-shAcsl4-transduced mice versus control (Ad-shLacZ). Glucose tolerance testing further indicated an insulin-resistant phenotype upon knockdown of ACSL4. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that ACSL4 plays a role in plasma TG and glucose metabolism and hepatic PL synthesis of hyperlipidemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chin Fung K Kan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Raymond A Sobel
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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Robichaud PP, Munganyiki JE, Boilard E, Surette ME. Polyunsaturated fatty acid elongation and desaturation in activated human T-cells: ELOVL5 is the key elongase. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2383-2396. [PMID: 30293059 PMCID: PMC6277159 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are important constituents of membrane glycerophospholipids. However, changes in the capacities to incorporate and metabolize PUFAs when cells enter the cell cycle have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, differences in the incorporation and metabolism of exogenous PUFAs in resting and proliferating primary human T-cells and in the Jurkat cell line were measured. Overall, proliferating T-cells and Jurkat cells had a greater capacity to incorporate and elongate exogenous 18- and 20-carbon PUFAs compared with resting T-cells. Proliferating T-cells and Jurkat cells also showed a greater capacity to desaturate 18-carbon PUFA substrates. Consistent with these observations, a significant increase in the expression of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1, FADS2, and elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL) 5 was measured in proliferating T-cells compared with resting T-cells. No quantifiable ELOVL2 was measured. Knockdown of ELOVL5 in T-cells and Jurkat cells significantly affected cellular monounsaturated and PUFA profiles and strongly impaired the elongation of 18- and 20-carbon PUFAs. In conclusion, the induction of proliferation in human T-cells is associated with a significant increase in the capacity to take up and metabolize exogenous PUFAs, and ELOVL5 is responsible for the elongation of 18- and 20-carbon PUFAs in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Pierre Robichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Jean Eric Munganyiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9 Canada
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27
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Ballester M, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Revilla M, Corominas J, Castelló A, Estellé J, Fernández AI, Folch JM. Integration of liver gene co-expression networks and eGWAs analyses highlighted candidate regulators implicated in lipid metabolism in pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46539. [PMID: 28422154 PMCID: PMC5396199 DOI: 10.1038/srep46539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, liver co-expression networks and expression Genome Wide Association Study (eGWAS) were performed to identify DNA variants and molecular pathways implicated in the functional regulatory mechanisms of meat quality traits in pigs. With this purpose, the liver mRNA expression of 44 candidates genes related with lipid metabolism was analysed in 111 Iberian x Landrace backcross animals. The eGWAS identified 92 eSNPs located in seven chromosomal regions and associated with eight genes: CROT, CYP2U1, DGAT1, EGF, FABP1, FABP5, PLA2G12A, and PPARA. Remarkably, cis-eSNPs associated with FABP1 gene expression which may be determining the C18:2(n-6)/C18:3(n-3) ratio in backfat through the multiple interaction of DNA variants and genes were identified. Furthermore, a hotspot on SSC8 associated with the gene expression of eight genes was identified and the TBCK gene was pointed out as candidate gene regulating it. Our results also suggested that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway plays an important role in the control of the analysed genes highlighting nuclear receptors as the NR3C1 or PPARA. Finally, sex-dimorphism associated with hepatic lipid metabolism was identified with over-representation of female-biased genes. These results increase our knowledge of the genetic architecture underlying fat composition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ballester
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Genètica i Millora Animal, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Manuel Revilla
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Castelló
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Estellé
- Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ana I. Fernández
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra. de la Coruña km. 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Folch
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Yang XH, Yang SF, Wang RM. Comparative proteomic analysis provides insight into 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid biosynthesis in honey bee workers. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1177-1192. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Lyu K, Meng Q, Zhu X, Dai D, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang Z. Changes in iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profiling of the Cladoceran Daphnia magna Exposed to Microcystin-Producing and Microcystin-Free Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4798-4807. [PMID: 27057760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and increased nutrient fluxes cause cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems. These phenomena have increased the concern for human health and ecosystem services. The mass occurrences of toxic cyanobacteria strongly affect freshwater zooplankton communities, especially the unselective filter feeder Daphnia. However, the molecular mechanisms of cyanobacterial toxicity remain poorly understood. This study is the first to combine the established body growth rate (BGR), which is an indicator of life-history fitness, with differential peptide labeling (iTRAQ)-based proteomics in Daphnia magna influenced by microcystin-producing (MP) and microcystin-free (MF) Microcystis aeruginosa. A significant decrease in BGR was detected when D. magna was exposed to MP or MF M. aeruginosa. Conducting iTRAQ proteomic analyses, we successfully identified and quantified 211 proteins with significant changes in expression. A cluster of orthologous groups revealed that M. aeruginosa-affected differential proteins were strongly associated with lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. These parameters could potentially explain the reduced fitness based on the cost of the substance metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daoxin Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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30
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Shen L, Luo J, Du J, Liu C, Wu X, Pu Q, Fu Y, Tang Q, Liu Y, Li Q, Yang R, Li X, Tang G, Jiang Y, Li M, Zhang S, Zhu L. Transcriptome Analysis of Liangshan Pig Muscle Development at the Growth Curve Inflection Point and Asymptotic Stages Using Digital Gene Expression Profiling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135978. [PMID: 26292092 PMCID: PMC4546367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal growth curves can provide essential information for animal breeders to optimize feeding and management strategies. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the phenotypic differentiation between the inflection point and asymptotic stages of the growth curve is not well characterized. Here, we employed Liangshan pigs in stages of growth at the inflection point (under inflection point: UIP) and the two asymptotic stages (before the inflection point: BIP, after the inflection point: AIP) as models to survey global gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle using digital gene expression (DGE) tag profiling. We found Liangshan pigs reached maximum growth rate (UIP) at 163.6 days of age and a weight of 134.6 kg. The DGE libraries generated 117 million reads of 5.89 gigabases in length. 21,331, 20,996 and 20,139 expressed transcripts were identified BIP, UIP and AIP, respectively. Among them, we identified 757 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BIP and UIP, and 271 DEGs between AIP and UIP. An enrichment analysis of DEGs proved the immune system was strengthened in the AIP stage. Energy metabolism rate, global transcriptional activity and bone development intensity were highest UIP. Meat from Liangshan pigs had the highest intramuscular fat content and most favorable fatty acid composition in the AIP. Three hundred eighty (27.70%) specific expression genes were highly enriched in QTL regions for growth and meat quality traits. This study completed a comprehensive analysis of diverse genetic mechanisms underlying the inflection point and asymptotic stages of growth. Our findings will serve as an important resource in the understanding of animal growth and development in indigenous pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chendong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Qiang Li
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Mabian Gold Liangshan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (LZ)
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (LZ)
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31
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) liver transcriptome response to diets containing Camelina sativa products. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 14:1-15. [PMID: 25681993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing demand for fish oil (FO) and fish meal (FM) in aquafeeds, more sustainable alternatives such as plant-derived oils and proteins are needed. Camelina sativa products are viable feed ingredients given the high oil and crude protein content in the seed. Atlantic salmon were fed diets with complete or partial replacement of FO and/or FM with camelina oil (CO) and/or camelina meal (CM) in a 16-week trial [Control diet: FO; Test diets: 100% CO replacement of FO (100CO), or 100CO with solvent-extracted FM (100COSEFM), 10% CM (100CO10CM), or SEFM+10% CM (100COSEFM10CM)]. Diet composition, growth, and fatty acid analyses for this feeding trial were published previously. A 44K microarray experiment identified liver transcripts that responded to 100COSEFM10CM (associated with reduced growth) compared to controls, yielding 67 differentially expressed features (FDR<5%). Ten microarray-identified genes [cpt1, pcb, bar, igfbp-5b (2 paralogues), btg1, dnph1, lect-2, clra, klf9, and fadsd6a], and three additional genes involved in lipid metabolism [elovl2, elovl5 (2 paralogues), and fadsd5], were subjected to QPCR with liver templates from all 5 dietary treatments. Of the microarray-identified genes, only bar was not QPCR validated. Both igfbp-5b paralogues were significantly down-regulated, and fadsd6a was significantly up-regulated, in all 4 camelina-containing diet groups compared with controls. Multivariate statistics were used to correlate hepatic desaturase and elongase gene expression data with tissue fatty acid profiles, indicating the involvement of these genes in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. This nutrigenomic study provides molecular biomarkers for use in developing novel aquafeeds using camelina products.
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32
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Kan CFK, Singh AB, Dong B, Shende VR, Liu J. PPARδ activation induces hepatic long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 expression in vivo and in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:577-87. [PMID: 25645621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid preferred long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) is a key enzyme for fatty acid metabolism in various metabolic tissues. In this study, we utilized hamsters fed a normal chow diet, a high-fat diet or a high cholesterol and high fat diet (HCHFD) as animal models to explore novel transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for ACSL4 expression under hyperlipidemic conditions. Through cloning hamster ACSL4 homolog and tissue profiling ACSL4 mRNA and protein expressions we observed a selective upregulation of ACSL4 in testis and liver of HCHFD fed animals. Examination of transcriptional activators of the ACSL family revealed an increased hepatic expression of PPARδ but not PPARα in HCHFD fed hamsters. To explore a role of PPARδ in dietary cholesterol-mediated upregulation of ACSL4, we administered a PPARδ specific agonist L165041 to normolipidemic and dyslipidemic hamsters. We observed significant increases of hepatic ACSL4 mRNA and protein levels in all L165041-treated hamsters as compared to control animals. The induction of ACSL4 expression by L165041 in liver tissue in vivo was recapitulated in human primary hepatocytes and hepatocytes isolated from hamster and mouse. Moreover, employing the approach of adenovirus-mediated gene knockdown, we showed that depletion of PPARδ in hamster hepatocytes specifically reduced ACSL4 expression. Finally, utilizing HepG2 as a model system, we demonstrate that PPARδ activation leads to increased ACSL4 promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression, and consequently higher arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase activity. Taken together, we have discovered a novel PPARδ-mediated regulatory mechanism for ACSL4 expression in liver tissue and cultured hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Amar Bahadur Singh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Vikram Ravindra Shende
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
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Modi HR, Basselin M, Rapoport SI. Valnoctamide, a non-teratogenic amide derivative of valproic acid, inhibits arachidonic acid activation in vitro by recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase-4. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:875-80. [PMID: 25041123 PMCID: PMC4554599 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Valproic acid (VPA), a mood stabilizer used for treating bipolar disorder (BD), uncompetitively inhibits acylation of arachidonic acid (AA) by recombinant AA-selective acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (Acsl4) at an enzyme inhibition constant (Ki ) of 25 mM. Inhibition may account for VPA's ability to reduce AA turnover in brain phospholipids of unanesthetized rats and to be therapeutic in BD. However, VPA is teratogenic. We tested whether valnoctamide (VCD), a non-teratogenic amide derivative of a VPA chiral isomer, which had antimanic potency in a phase III BD trial, also inhibits recombinant Acsl4. METHODS Rat Acsl4-flag protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. We used Michaelis-Menten kinetics to characterize and quantify the ability of VCD to inhibit conversion of AA to AA-CoA by recombinant Acsl4 in vitro. RESULTS Acsl4-mediated activation of AA to AA-CoA by Acsl4 was inhibited uncompetitively by VCD, with a Ki of 6.38 mM. CONCLUSIONS VCD's ability to uncompetitively inhibit AA activation to AA-CoA by Acsl4, at a lower Ki than VPA, suggests that, like VPA, VCD may reduce AA turnover in rat brain phospholipids. If so, VCD and other non-teratogenic Acsl4 inhibitors might be considered further for treating BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren R Modi
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section; Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Mireille Basselin
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section; Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section; Laboratory of Neurosciences; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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Kan CFK, Singh AB, Stafforini DM, Azhar S, Liu J. Arachidonic acid downregulates acyl-CoA synthetase 4 expression by promoting its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1657-67. [PMID: 24879802 PMCID: PMC4109760 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m045971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ACSL4 is a member of the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) family with a marked preference for arachidonic acid (AA) as its substrate. Although an association between elevated levels of ACSL4 and hepatosteatosis has been reported, the function of ACSL4 in hepatic FA metabolism and the regulation of its functional expression in the liver remain poorly defined. Here we provide evidence that AA selectively downregulates ACSL4 protein expression in hepatic cells. AA treatment decreased the half-life of ACSL4 protein in HepG2 cells by approximately 4-fold (from 17.3 ± 1.8 h to 4.2 ± 0.4 h) without causing apoptosis. The inhibitory action of AA on ACSL4 protein stability could not be prevented by rosiglitazone or inhibitors that interfere with the cellular pathways involved in AA metabolism to biologically active compounds. In contrast, treatment of cells with inhibitors specific for the proteasomal degradation pathway largely prevented the AA-induced ACSL4 degradation. We further show that ACSL4 is intrinsically ubiquitinated and that AA treatment can enhance its ubiquitination. Collectively, our studies have identified a novel substrate-induced posttranslational regulatory mechanism by which AA downregulates ACSL4 protein expression in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Amar Bahadur Singh
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Salman Azhar
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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dAcsl, the Drosophila ortholog of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 and 4, inhibits synapse growth by attenuating bone morphogenetic protein signaling via endocytic recycling. J Neurosci 2014; 34:2785-96. [PMID: 24553921 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3547-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in brain development and function. Mutations in acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), which converts long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoAs, result in nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation. ACSL4 is highly expressed in the hippocampus, a structure critical for learning and memory. However, the underlying mechanism by which mutations of ACSL4 lead to mental retardation remains poorly understood. We report here that dAcsl, the Drosophila ortholog of ACSL4 and ACSL3, inhibits synaptic growth by attenuating BMP signaling, a major growth-promoting pathway at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapses. Specifically, dAcsl mutants exhibited NMJ overgrowth that was suppressed by reducing the doses of the BMP pathway components, accompanied by increased levels of activated BMP receptor Thickveins (Tkv) and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad), the effector of the BMP signaling at NMJ terminals. In addition, Rab11, a small GTPase involved in endosomal recycling, was mislocalized in dAcsl mutant NMJs, and the membrane association of Rab11 was reduced in dAcsl mutant brains. Consistently, the BMP receptor Tkv accumulated in early endosomes but reduced in recycling endosomes in dAcsl mutant NMJs. dAcsl was also required for the recycling of photoreceptor rhodopsin in the eyes, implying a general role for dAcsl in regulating endocytic recycling of membrane receptors. Importantly, expression of human ACSL4 rescued the endocytic trafficking and NMJ phenotypes of dAcsl mutants. Together, our results reveal a novel mechanism whereby dAcsl facilitates Rab11-dependent receptor recycling and provide insights into the pathogenesis of ACSL4-related mental retardation.
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Role of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases in the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in interleukin 1β-stimulated rat fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Miyares RL, Stein C, Renisch B, Anderson JL, Hammerschmidt M, Farber SA. Long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase 4A regulates Smad activity and dorsoventral patterning in the zebrafish embryo. Dev Cell 2013; 27:635-47. [PMID: 24332754 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and their metabolites are critical players in cell biology and embryonic development. Here we show that long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4a (Acsl4a), an LC-PUFA activating enzyme, is essential for proper patterning of the zebrafish dorsoventral axis. Loss of Acsl4a results in dorsalized embryos due to attenuated bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling. We demonstrate that Acsl4a modulates the activity of Smad transcription factors, the downstream mediators of Bmp signaling. Acsl4a promotes the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the Akt-mediated inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3, critical inhibitors of Smad activity. Consequently, introduction of a constitutively active Akt can rescue the dorsalized phenotype of Acsl4a-deficient embryos. Our results reveal a critical role for Acsl4a in modulating Bmp-Smad activity and provide a potential avenue for LC-PUFAs to influence a variety of developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Linda Miyares
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Cornelia Stein
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Renisch
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Steven Arthur Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Gubern C, Camós S, Ballesteros I, Rodríguez R, Romera VG, Cañadas R, Lizasoain I, Moro MA, Serena J, Mallolas J, Castellanos M. miRNA expression is modulated over time after focal ischaemia: up-regulation of miR-347 promotes neuronal apoptosis. FEBS J 2013; 280:6233-46. [PMID: 24112606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of molecules reported as being over-expressed after ischaemia, little is known regarding their regulation. miRNAs are potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and reports have shown differentially miRNA expression in response to focal cerebral ischaemia. The present study analysed miRNA expression from acute to late phases of ischaemia to identify specific ischaemia-related miRNAs, elucidate their role, and identify potential targets involved in stroke pathophysiology. Of 112 miRNAs, 32 showed significant changes and different expression profiles. In addition to the previously reported differentially expressed miRNAs, new ischaemia-regulated miRNAs have been found, including miR-347. Forty-seven genes involved in brain functions or related to ischaemia are predicted to be potential targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Analysis of four of these targets (Acsl4, Arf3, Btg2 and Dpysl5) showed them to be differentially regulated by ischaemia at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Acsl4, Bnip3l and Phyhip, potential targets of miR-347, were up-regulated after miR-347 over-expression, inducing neuronal apoptotic death. Our findings suggest that miR-347 plays an important role in regulating neuronal cell death, identify Acsl4 as a new protein requiring study in ischaemia, and provide an important resource for future functional studies of miRNAs after ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Gubern
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona, Spain
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Orlando U, Cooke M, Cornejo Maciel F, Papadopoulos V, Podestá EJ, Maloberti P. Characterization of the mouse promoter region of the acyl-CoA synthetase 4 gene: role of Sp1 and CREB. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 369:15-26. [PMID: 23376217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (Acsl4) is involved in several cellular functions including steroidogenesis, synaptic development and cancer metastasis. Although the expression of Acsl4 seems to be regulated by tissue- and cell-specific factors as well as pituitary hormones and growth factors, the transcriptional mechanisms involved remain unknown. We demonstrated hCG and cAMP regulation of Acsl4 mRNA in mouse steroidogenic MA-10 Leydig cells. We characterized the transcription initiation site and promoter of the Acsl4 mouse gene and identified three alternative splice variants present in MA-10 cells. Sequence analysis of a 1.5-kb fragment of the Acsl4 promoter revealed the absence of a TATA box and the presence of many putative binding sites for transcription factors including Sp1 and CREB. Functional characterization revealed that the specificity protein/Krüppel-like factor Sp1 binding site in the proximal promoter is involved in basal activity and that the cAMP response element-binding site is involved in cAMP stimulation of Acsl4 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Orlando
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Testerink N, Ajat M, Houweling M, Brouwers JF, Pully VV, van Manen HJ, Otto C, Helms JB, Vaandrager AB. Replacement of retinyl esters by polyunsaturated triacylglycerol species in lipid droplets of hepatic stellate cells during activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34945. [PMID: 22536341 PMCID: PMC3335019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells has been recognized as one of the first steps in liver injury and repair. During activation, hepatic stellate cells transform into myofibroblasts with concomitant loss of their lipid droplets (LDs) and production of excessive extracellular matrix. Here we aimed to obtain more insight in the dynamics and mechanism of LD loss. We have investigated the LD degradation processes in rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro with a combined approach of confocal Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrometric analysis of lipids (lipidomics). Upon activation of the hepatic stellate cells, LDs reduce in size, but increase in number during the first 7 days, but the total volume of neutral lipids did not decrease. The LDs also migrate to cellular extensions in the first 7 days, before they disappear. In individual hepatic stellate cells. all LDs have a similar Raman spectrum, suggesting a similar lipid profile. However, Raman studies also showed that the retinyl esters are degraded more rapidly than the triacylglycerols upon activation. Lipidomic analyses confirmed that after 7 days in culture hepatic stellate cells have lost most of their retinyl esters, but not their triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters. Furthermore, we specifically observed a large increase in triacylglycerol-species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, partly caused by an enhanced incorporation of exogenous arachidonic acid. These results reveal that lipid droplet degradation in activated hepatic stellate cells is a highly dynamic and regulated process. The rapid replacement of retinyl esters by polyunsaturated fatty acids in LDs suggests a role for both lipids or their derivatives like eicosanoids during hepatic stellate cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Testerink
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Houweling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vishnu V. Pully
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan van Manen
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J. Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie B. Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Corominas J, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Castelló A, Muñoz M, Ibáñez-Escriche N, Folch JM, Ballester M. Evaluation of the porcineACSL4gene as a candidate gene for meat quality traits in pigs. Anim Genet 2012; 43:714-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Muñoz
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal; INIA; Ctra. De la Coruña km. 7; Madrid; 28040; Spain
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Dynamics of arachidonic acid mobilization by inflammatory cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:249-56. [PMID: 22155285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of mass spectrometry-based techniques is opening new insights into the understanding of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. AA incorporation, remodeling and release are collectively controlled by acyltransferases, phospholipases and transacylases that exquisitely regulate the distribution of AA between the different glycerophospholipid species and its mobilization during cellular stimulation. Traditionally, studies involving phospholipid AA metabolism were conducted by using radioactive precursors and scintillation counting from thin layer chromatography separations that provided only information about lipid classes. Today, the input of lipidomic approaches offers the possibility of characterizing and quantifying specific molecular species with great accuracy and within a biological context associated to protein and/or gene expression in a temporal frame. This review summarizes recent results applying mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approaches to the identification of AA-containing glycerophospholipids, phospholipid AA remodeling and synthesis of oxygenated metabolites.
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Expression of Long-chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4 in Breast and Prostate Cancers Is Associated with Sex Steroid Hormone Receptor Negativity. Transl Oncol 2011; 3:91-8. [PMID: 20360933 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that key enzymes involved in lipid metabolic pathways are differentially expressed in normal compared with tumor tissues. However, the precise role played by dysregulated expression of lipid metabolic enzymes and altered lipid homeostasis in carcinogenesis remains to be established. Fatty acid synthase is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including breast and prostate. The purpose of the present study was to examine the expression patterns of additional lipid metabolic enzymes in human breast and prostate cancers. This was accomplished by analysis of published expression databases, with confirmation by immunoblot assays. Our results indicate that the fatty acid-activating enzyme, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), is differentially expressed in human breast cancer as a function of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) status. In 10 separate studies, ACSL4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was overexpressed in ER-negative breast tumors. Of 50 breast cancer cell lines examined, 17 (89%) of 19 ER-positive lines were negative for ACSL4 mRNA expression and 20 (65%) of 31 ER-negative lines expressed ACSL4 mRNA. The inverse relationship between ER expression and ACSL4 expression was also observed for androgen receptor status in both breast and prostate cancers. Furthermore, loss of steroid hormone sensitivity, such as that observed in Raf1-transfected MCF-7 cells and LNCaP-AI cells, was associated with induction of ACSL4 expression. Ablation of ACSL4 expression inMDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells had no effect on cell proliferation; however, sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of triacsin C was increased three-fold in the cells lacking ACSL4.
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Delgado I, Fresnedo O, Iglesias A, Rueda Y, Syn WK, Zubiaga AM, Ochoa B. A role for transcription factor E2F2 in hepatocyte proliferation and timely liver regeneration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G20-31. [PMID: 21527726 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00481.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
E2F transcription factors are key regulators of the cell cycle although the relative contribution of each E2F member in regulating cellular proliferation is still poorly defined. Present evidence suggests that E2F2 may act both as a suppressor and promoter of proliferation, depending on the cellular context. We used a loss-of-function mutant mouse model to investigate the function of E2F2 in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, a paradigm of cell-cycle progression. Liver mass recovery and histology were examined over 9 days in 70% hepatectomized E2F2(-/-) and wild-type animals. Transcriptome analysis was performed in quiescent and 48-h regenerating liver samples. TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer was used for the statistical analysis of microarray data, significance was determined by Fischer, and P values were adjusted applying Benjamini-Hochberg multiple-testing correction. We show that E2F2 is required for adult hepatocyte proliferation and for timely liver regeneration, as disruption of the E2F2 gene in hepatocytes leads to a reduced rate of S-phase entry and to delayed liver regeneration. Transcriptome analysis followed by ontological classification of differentially expressed genes and gene-interaction network analysis indicated that the majority of genes involved in normal liver regeneration were related to biosynthetic and catabolic processes of all major biomolecules as well as cellular location and intracellular transport, confirming the complex nature of the regeneration process. Remarkably, transcripts of genes included in functional categories that are crucial for cell cycle, apoptosis and wound-healing response, and fibrosis were absent in the transcriptome of posthepatectomized E2F2(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that the transcriptional activity of E2F2 contributes to promote adult hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igotz Delgado
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Spain
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Zhang C, Li A, Gao S, Zhang X, Xiao H. The TIP30 protein complex, arachidonic acid and coenzyme A are required for vesicle membrane fusion. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21233. [PMID: 21731680 PMCID: PMC3123320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient membrane fusion has been successfully mimicked in vitro using artificial membranes and a number of cellular proteins that are currently known to participate in membrane fusion. However, these proteins are not sufficient to promote efficient fusion between biological membranes, indicating that critical fusogenic factors remain unidentified. We have recently identified a TIP30 protein complex containing TIP30, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and Endophilin B1 (Endo B1) that promotes the fusion of endocytic vesicles with Rab5a vesicles, which transport endosomal acidification enzymes vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) to the early endosomes in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that the TIP30 protein complex facilitates the fusion of endocytic vesicles with Rab5a vesicles in vitro. Fusion of the two vesicles also depends on arachidonic acid, coenzyme A and the synthesis of arachidonyl-CoA by ACSL4. Moreover, the TIP30 complex is able to transfer arachidonyl groups onto phosphatidic acid (PA), producing a new lipid species that is capable of inducing close contact between membranes. Together, our data suggest that the TIP30 complex facilitates biological membrane fusion through modification of PA on membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Integrative Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Biomedical and Integrative Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Integrative Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Biomedical and Integrative Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Golej DL, Askari B, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Pennathur S, Bornfeldt KE. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 modulates prostaglandin E₂ release from human arterial smooth muscle cells. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:782-93. [PMID: 21242590 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m013292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) catalyze the thioesterification of long-chain FAs into their acyl-CoA derivatives. Purified ACSL4 is an arachidonic acid (20:4)-preferring ACSL isoform, and ACSL4 is therefore a probable regulator of lipid mediator production in intact cells. Eicosanoids play important roles in vascular homeostasis and disease, yet the role of ACSL4 in vascular cells is largely unknown. In the present study, the ACSL4 splice variant expressed in human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was identified as variant 1. To investigate the function of ACSL4 in SMCs, ACSL4 variant 1 was overexpressed, knocked-down by small interfering RNA, or its enzymatic activity acutely inhibited in these cells. Overexpression of ACSL4 resulted in a markedly increased synthesis of arachidonoyl-CoA, increased 20:4 incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and triacylglycerol, and reduced cellular levels of unesterified 20:4. Accordingly, secretion of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) was blunted in ACSL4-overexpressing SMCs compared with controls. Conversely, acute pharmacological inhibition of ACSL4 activity resulted in increased release of PGE₂. However, long-term downregulation of ACSL4 resulted in markedly reduced PGE₂ secretion. Thus, ACSL4 modulates PGE₂ release from human SMCs. ACSL4 may regulate a number of processes dependent on the release of arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre L Golej
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Qiao S, Tuohimaa P. Expression and vitamin D3 regulation of long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase 3 in human prostate cancer cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 84:19-23. [PMID: 21041072 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We found previously that long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase 3 (FACL3), a critical enzyme for activation of long-chain fatty acids, was upregulated by 1α, 25(OH)(2)D(3) at an mRNA and enzyme activity levels in prostate cancer cells. Our further study indicated that the FACL3 mediated 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS), which is associated with many cancers, including prostate cancer. In the current study, we investigated an FACL3 protein expression and its regulation by 1α, 25(OH)(2)D(3) and its synthetic analogs EB1089 and CB1093 in prostate cancer cells. The results showed that the expression of an FACL3 protein was upregulated by 1α, 25(OH)(2)D(3), EB1089 and CB1093 in LNCaP cells, consistent with their upregulation of an FACL3 mRNA expression. In addition, the FACL3 expression was found to be markedly low at both mRNA and protein levels in more transformed prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cells compared with less transformed LNCaP cells. The data suggest that decreased FACL3 expression might be associated with a more malignant phenotype of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Qiao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Li G, Wu Z, Li X, Ning X, Li Y, Yang G. Biological role of microRNA-103 based on expression profile and target genes analysis in pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4777-86. [PMID: 21152985 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed RNAs consisting of 20-24 nucleotides. These molecules are thought to repress protein translation by binding to target mRNAs. However, biological functions have not been assigned to most of the 175 porcine miRNAs registered in miRBase (release 15.0). In an effort to uncover miR-103 important in pigs, we examined the integrative tissue expression profile and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment of predicted target genes to determine the global biological functions of miR-103. Our results demonstrated that miR-103 is involved in various biological processes including brain development, lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, hematopoiesis, and immunity. Moreover, we also experimentally verified effects of miR-103 in porcine preadipocytes. miR-103 levels increased in differentiating adipocytes, and inhibition of miR-103 effectively inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, mRNA levels of the putative miR-103 target RAI14 were higher in miR-103 inhibitor-treated adipocytes. These results demonstrate that miR-103 is involved in porcine preadipocyte differentiation and may act through the putative target gene RAI14. In a word, our data provide new insights into the global biological role of miR-103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Pérez-Chacón G, Astudillo AM, Balgoma D, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. Control of free arachidonic acid levels by phospholipases A2 and lysophospholipid acyltransferases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen D, Wang Z. Analyses of mental dysfunction-related ACSl4 in Drosophila reveal its requirement for Dpp/BMP production and visual wiring in the brain. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:3894-905. [PMID: 19617635 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) convert long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoAs, the activated substrates essential in various metabolic and signaling pathways. Mutations in ACSL4 are associated with non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation (MRX). However, the developmental functions of ACSL4 and how it is involved in the pathogenesis of MRX remain largely unknown. The Drosophila ACSL-like protein is highly homologous to human ACSL3 and ACSL4, and we designate it as dAcsl. In this study, we demonstrate that dAcsl and ACSL4 are highly conserved in terms of ACSL4's ability to substitute the functions of dAcsl in organismal viability, lipid storage and the neural wiring in visual center. In neurodevelopment, decapentaplegic (Dpp, a BMP-like molecule) production diminished specifically in the larval brain of dAcsl mutants. Consistent with the Dpp reduction, the number of glial cells and neurons dramatically decreased and the retinal axons mis-targeted in the visual cortex. All these defects in Drosophila brain were rescued by the wild-type ACSL4 but not by the mutant products found in MRX patients. Interestingly, expression of an MRX-associated ACSL4 mutant form in a wild-type background led to the lesions in visual center, suggesting a dominant negative effect. These findings validate Drosophila as a model system to reveal the connection between ACSL4 and BMP pathway in neurodevelopment, and to infer the pathogenesis of ACSL4-related MRX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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