1
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Okamoto K, Kadosawa K, Suzuki R, Aonuma E, Tomioka K, Yokono K, Oba K, Mori Y. Development of a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay with quenching primers for rapid detection of rubella virus. J Virol Methods 2024; 327:114947. [PMID: 38703833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Rubella virus infection during early pregnancy sometimes causes severe birth defects termed congenital rubella syndrome. Although there are safe and effective live-attenuated vaccines, rubella has only been certified as eliminated in the Americas within the six World Health Organization regions. Rubella remains an endemic disease in many regions, and outbreaks occur wherever population immunity is insufficient. There are two main methods for diagnosis of rubella: detection of anti-rubella IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and detection of the viral genome by real-time RT-PCR. Both of these methods require substantial time and effort. In the present study, a rapid rubella detection assay using real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with quenching primers was developed. The time required for the new assay was one-half that required for a real-time RT-PCR assay. The assay had 93.6% positive percent agreement and 100% negative percent agreement for clinical specimens compared with the real-time RT-PCR assay. The new assay is considered useful for diagnosis of rubella in areas where rubella is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Okamoto
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Kazue Kadosawa
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Rieko Suzuki
- Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Eri Aonuma
- Virus Group, Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tomioka
- Virus Group, Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Kota Yokono
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., 143 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Oba
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa General Hospital, 8-1-1 Hanakoganei, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mori
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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2
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Sánchez P, Serrano Falcón C, Martínez Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Serrano S, Ortega E. mRNA Levels of Aromatase, 5α-Reductase Isozymes, and Prostate Cancer-Related Genes in Plucked Hair from Young Men with Androgenic Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17461. [PMID: 38139289 PMCID: PMC10744313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of progressive hair loss and has psychological repercussions. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments remains limited, in part because the molecular basis of the disease has not been fully elucidated. Our group previously highlighted the important roles of aromatase and 5α-reductase (5α-R) in alopecia in young women with female pattern hair loss. Additionally, an association has been proposed between AGA and prostate cancer (PCa), suggesting that genes implicated in PCa would also be involved in AGA. A low-invasive, sensitive, and precise method was used to determine mRNA levels of aromatase, 5α-R isozymes, and 84 PCa-related genes in samples of plucked hair from young men with AGA and controls. Samples were obtained with a trichogram from the vertex scalp, and mRNA levels were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. The men with AGA had significantly higher 5α-R2 mRNA levels in comparison to controls; interestingly, some of them also showed markedly elevated mRNA levels of 5α-R1 or 5α-R3 or of both, which may explain the varied response to 5α-R inhibitor treatments. The men with AGA also showed significant changes versus controls in 6 out of the 84 genes implicated in PCa. This study contributes greater knowledge of the molecular bases of AGA, facilitating early selection of the most appropriate pharmacological therapy and opening the way to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | | | - Sergio Martínez Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Jesús M. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Salvio Serrano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Esperanza Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
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3
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Li J, Chen R, Yang R, Wei X, Xie H, Shi Y, Xie X, Chai A, Fan T, Li B, Li L. Rapid Detection and Quantification of Viable Cells of Pectobacterium brasiliense Using Propidium Monoazide Combined with Real-Time PCR. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2808. [PMID: 38004819 PMCID: PMC10673545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) has caused significant economic losses in major vegetable production areas in Northern China by causing bacterial soft rot in cash crops such as potatoes and cucumbers. This study aimed to establish a PMA-qPCR detection method for Pbr by screening specific and sensitive primers based on the glu gene and the conserved region of the 23S rRNA gene. Based on the optimized PMA pretreatment conditions, a standard curve was designed and constructed for PMA-qPCR detection (y = -3.391x + 36.28; R2 = 0.99). The amplification efficiency reached 97%, and the lowest detection limit of viable cells was approximately 2 × 102 CFU·mL-1. The feasibility of the PMA-qPCR method was confirmed through a manually simulated viable/dead cell assay under various concentrations. The analysis of potato tubers and cucumber seeds revealed that nine naturally collected seed samples contained a range from 102 to 104 CFU·g-1 viable Pbr bacteria. Furthermore, the system effectively identified changes in the number of pathogenic bacteria in cucumber and potato leaves affected by soft rot throughout the disease period. Overall, the detection and prevention of bacterial soft rot caused by Pbr is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Ruxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Ruwei Yang
- Comprehensive Experimental Farm, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Xinchen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Hua Xie
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Xuewen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Ali Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tengfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Baoju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.L.); (R.C.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (A.C.); (T.F.)
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4
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Li J, Yin K, Hou L, Zhang Y, Lu H, Ma C, Xing M. Polystyrene microplastics mediate inflammatory responses in the chicken thymus by Nrf2/NF-κB pathway and trigger autophagy and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104136. [PMID: 37127111 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now a hot environmental contaminant. However, researchers paid little attention to their effects on immune organs such as the thymus. Here, we exposed chickens to a concentration gradient of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and then followed the decrease in the thymus index. HE staining showed cellular infiltration in the thymus. The assay kit corroborated that PS-MPs impelled oxidative stress in the thymus: increased MDA levels, downregulated antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GSH, and significantly undermined total antioxidant capacity. Western blotting and qRT-PCR results showed that Nrf2/NF-κB, Bcl-2/Bax, and AKT signaling pathways were activated in the thymus after exposure to PS-MPs. It stimulated the increased expression of downstream such as IL-1β, caspase-3, and Beclin1, triggering thymus inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. This study provides new insights into the field of microplastic immunotoxicity and highlights potential environmental hazards in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Chengxue Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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5
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Philo SE, Ong AQW, Keim EK, Swanstrom R, Kossik AL, Zhou NA, Beck NK, Meschke JS. Development and Validation of the Skimmed Milk Pellet Extraction Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:355-363. [PMID: 35143035 PMCID: PMC8830996 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 may serve as a useful source of data for public health departments as the virus is shed in the stool of infected individuals. However, for wastewater data to be actionable, wastewater must be collected, concentrated, and analyzed in a timely manner. This manuscript presents modifications on a skimmed milk concentration protocol to reduce processing time, increase the number of samples that can be processed at once, and enable use in resource-limited settings. Wastewater seeded with Human coronavirus OC43 (OC43) was concentrated using a skimmed milk flocculation protocol, and then pellets were directly extracted with the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit. This protocol has a higher average effective volume assayed (6.35 mL) than skimmed milk concentration methods, with and without Vertrel XF™, which involve resuspension of the pellets in PBS extraction prior to nucleic acid extraction (1.28 mL, 1.44 mL, respectively). OC43 was selected as a recovery control organism because both it and SARS-CoV-2 are enveloped respiratory viruses that primarily infect humans resulting in respiratory symptoms. The OC43 percent recovery for the direct extraction protocol (3.4%) is comparable to that of skimmed milk concentration with and without Vertrel XF™ extraction (4.0%, 2.6%, respectively). When comparing SARS-CoV-2 detection using McNemar's chi-square test, the pellet extraction method is not statistically different from skimmed milk concentration, with and without Vertrel XF™ extraction. This suggests that the method performs equally as well as existing methods. Added benefits include reduced time spent per sample and the ability to process more samples at a single time. Direct extraction of skimmed milk pellets is a viable method for quick turnaround of wastewater data for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Philo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Angelo Q W Ong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Erika K Keim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Rachael Swanstrom
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Alexandra L Kossik
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nicolette A Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nicola K Beck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - John Scott Meschke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 2338 Roosevelt One Building, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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6
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Rapid Quantification of Infectious Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Watermelon Tissues by PMA Coupled with RT-qPCR. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092046. [PMID: 36146852 PMCID: PMC9506375 DOI: 10.3390/v14092046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) belongs to the Tobamovirus genus and is an important quarantine virus of cucurbit crops. Seedborne transmission is one of the principal modes for CGMMV spread, and effective early detection is helpful to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a sensitive and rapid method for detecting CGMMV nucleic acids, but it cannot distinguish between infectious and noninfectious viruses. In the present work, a propidium monoazide (PMA) assisted RT-qPCR method (PMA-RT-qPCR) was developed to rapidly distinguish infectious and inactive CGMMV. PMA is a photoactive dye that can selectively react with viral RNA released or inside inactive CGMMV virions but not viral RNA inside active virions. The formation of PMA-RNA conjugates prevents PCR amplification, leaving only infectious virions to be amplified. The primer pair cp3-1F/cp3-1R was designed based on the coat protein (cp) gene for specific amplification of CGMMV RNA by RT-qPCR. The detection limit of the RT-qPCR assay was 1.57 × 102 copies·μL−1. PMA at 120 μmol·L−1 was suitable for the selective quantification of infectious CGMMV virions. Under optimal conditions, RT-qPCR detection of heat-inactivated CGMMV resulted in Ct value differences larger than 16 between PMA-treated and non-PMA-treated groups, while Ct differences less than 0.23 were observed in the detection of infectious CGMMV. For naturally contaminated watermelon leaf, fruit and seedlot samples, infectious CGMMV were quantified in 13 out of the 22 samples, with infestation levels of 102~105 copies·g−1. Application of this assay enabled the selective detection of infectious CGMMV and facilitated the monitoring of the viral pathogen in watermelon seeds and tissues, which could be useful for avoiding the potential risks of primary inoculum sources.
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7
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Sánchez P, Castro B, Martínez-Rodríguez S, Ríos-Pelegrina R, Del Moral RG, Torres JM, Ortega E. Impact of chronic exposure of rats to bisphenol A from perinatal period to adulthood on intraprostatic levels of 5α-reductase isozymes, aromatase, and genes implicated in prostate cancer development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113142. [PMID: 35378123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The synergetic effect of estrogens and androgens is known to play a crucial role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound that can interfere with endocrine hormone functioning and thereby influence prostate development. The objective of this study was to examine the impact on prostate expression of aromatase, 5α-R isozymes, and prostate cancer-related genes of exposure to low doses of BPA from perinatal period to adulthood. Vehicle or BPA (2.5 μg/kg b.w./day) was administered to gestating Wistar rats from gestational day 12 (GD12) to parturition and then to their male pups from postnatal day 1 (PND1) until euthanization on PND90. Their prostate glands were examined by qRT-PCR, Western blot, PCR array, and morphological study. mRNA and protein levels of 5α-R2 were significantly reduced and mRNA and protein levels of aromatase were significantly increased in BPA-treated animals, which also showed modifications of 8 out of the 84 key genes implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Because BPA interferes with genes involved in intraprostatic androgen and estrogen production and others implicated in prostate cancer, research is warranted into the prostate disease risk associated with chronic low-dose BPA exposure throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Rosa Ríos-Pelegrina
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | - Raimundo G Del Moral
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Clínico San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Esperanza Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Neurosciences Institute, University of Granada, Spain.
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Kim SW, Lee HJ, Cho KH, Jeong RD. Detection and Quantification of Apple Stem Grooving Virus in Micropropagated Apple Plantlets Using Reverse-Transcription Droplet Digital PCR. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:417-422. [PMID: 35953062 PMCID: PMC9372104 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.05.2022.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is a destructive viral pathogen of pome fruit trees that causes significant losses to fruit production worldwide. Obtaining ASGV-free propagation materials is essential to reduce economic losses, and accurate and sensitive detection methods to screen ASGV-free plantlets during in vitro propagation are urgently necessary. In this study, ASGV was sensitively and accurately quantified from in vitro propagated apple plantlets using a reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) assay. The optimized RT-ddPCR assay was specific to other apple viruses, and was at least 10-times more sensitive than RT-real-time quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, the optimized RT-ddPCR assay was validated for the detection and quantification of ASGV using micropropagated apple plantlet samples. This RT-ddPCR assay can be utilized for the accurate quantitative detection of ASGV infection in ASGV-free certification programs, and can thus contribute to the production of ASGV-free apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woong Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185,
Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185,
Korea
| | - Kang Hee Cho
- Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Rae-Dong Jeong
- Corresponding author: Phone) +82-62-530-2075, FAX) +82-62-530-2069, E-mail)
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Brault A, Néré R, Prados J, Boudreault S, Bisaillon M, Marchand P, Couture P, Labbé S. Cellulosic copper nanoparticles and a hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant trigger rapid inactivation of pseudoviral particles expressing the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Metallomics 2022; 14:mfac044. [PMID: 35731587 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by human coronaviruses that include SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although their primary mode of transmission is through contaminated respiratory droplets from infected carriers, the deposition of expelled virus particles onto surfaces and fomites could contribute to viral transmission. Here, we use replication-deficient murine leukemia virus (MLV) pseudoviral particles expressing SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV Spike (S) protein on their surface. These surrogates of native coronavirus counterparts serve as a model to analyze the S-mediated entry into target cells. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanofibers that are combined with copper (Cu) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties. S-pseudovirions that are exposed to CMC-Cu nanoparticles (30 s) display a dramatic reduction in their ability to infect target Vero E6 cells, with ∼97% less infectivity as compared to untreated pseudovirions. In contrast, addition of the Cu chelator tetrathiomolybdate protects S-pseudovirions from CMC-Cu-mediated inactivation. When S-pseudovirions were treated with a hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant (denoted SaberTM) used at 1:250 dilution, their infectivity was dramatically reduced by ∼98%. However, the combined use of SaberTM and CMC-Cu is the most effective approach to restrict infectivity of SARS-CoV-2-S, SARS-CoV-S, and MERS-CoV-S pseudovirions in Vero E6 cell assays. Together, these results show that cellulosic Cu nanoparticles enhance the effectiveness of diluted SaberTM sanitizer, setting up an improved strategy to lower the risk of surface- and fomite-mediated transmission of enveloped respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Brault
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Raphael Néré
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jérôme Prados
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Simon Boudreault
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Martin Bisaillon
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Labbé
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
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10
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Maniruzzaman M, Islam MM, Ali MH, Mukerjee N, Maitra S, Kamal MA, Ghosh A, Castrosanto MA, Alexiou A, Ashraf GM, Tagde P, Rahman MH. COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51384-51397. [PMID: 35619009 PMCID: PMC9135468 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become one of the few leading causes of death and has evolved into a pandemic that disrupts everyone's routine, and balanced way of life worldwide, and will continue to do so. To bring an end to this pandemic, scientists had put their all effort into discovering the vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 infection. For their dedication, now, we have a handful of COVID-19 vaccines. Worldwide, millions of people are at risk due to the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Despite the lack of clinically authorized antiviral medications and vaccines for COVID-19, clinical trials of many recognized antiviral agents, their combination, and vaccine development in patients with confirmed COVID-19 are still ongoing. This discovery gave us a chance to get immune to this disease worldwide and end the pandemic. However, the unexpected capacity of mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus makes it difficult, like the recent SAS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Therefore, there is a great necessity to spread the vaccination programs and prevent the spread of this dreadful epidemic by identifying and isolating afflicted patients. Furthermore, several COVID-19 tests are thought to be expensive, time-consuming, and require the use of adequately qualified persons to be carried out efficiently. In addition, we also conversed about how the various COVID-19 testing methods can be implemented for the first time in a developing country and their cost-effectiveness, accuracy, human resources requirements, and laboratory facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Hazrat Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Sitakundu, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Melvin A Castrosanto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, 4030, Los Banos, Philippines
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
- AFNP Med, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea.
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11
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Durand M, Thibault P, Lévesque S, Brault A, Carignan A, Valiquette L, Martin P, Labbé S. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its first variants in fourplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2022; 9:1-20. [PMID: 35083313 PMCID: PMC8717086 DOI: 10.15698/mic2022.01.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is required to identify and isolate contagious patients to prevent further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we present a multitarget real-time TaqMan reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) assay for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 and some of its circulating variants harboring mutations that give the virus a selective advantage. Seven different primer-probe sets that included probes containing locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides were designed to amplify specific wild-type and mutant sequences in Orf1ab, Envelope (E), Spike (S), and Nucleocapsid (N) genes. Furthermore, a newly developed primer-probe set targeted human β2-microglobulin (B2M) as a highly sensitive internal control for RT efficacy. All singleplex and fourplex assays detected ≤ 14 copies/reaction of quantified synthetic RNA transcripts, with a linear amplification range of nine logarithmic orders. Primer-probe sets for detection of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited no false-positive amplifications with other common respiratory pathogens, including human coronaviruses NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU-1. Fourplex assays were evaluated using 160 clinical samples positive for SARS-CoV-2. Results showed that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected in all samples, including viral strains harboring mutations in the Spike coding sequence that became dominant in the pandemic. Given the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their rapid spread in some populations, fourplex rRT-PCR assay containing four primer-probe sets represents a reliable approach to allow quicker detection of circulating relevant variants in a single reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Durand
- Plateforme RNomique et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Thibault
- Plateforme RNomique et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Estrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ariane Brault
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Carignan
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Valiquette
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Martin
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Labbé
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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12
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Lee HJ, Han YS, Cho IS, Jeong RD. Development and application of reverse transcription droplet digital PCR assay for sensitive detection of apple scar skin viroid during in vitro propagation of apple plantlets. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 61:101789. [PMID: 34965481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), of the genus Apscaviroid, causes serious pome fruit diseases, such as apple scar skin, dapple apple, pear rusty skin, pear fruit crinkle, and pear dimple fruit. This study aimed at establishing a sensitive and accurate method for quantification of ASSVd in apple leaves and plantlets using a reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) assay. The specificity was analyzed using other apple viruses, and the negative amplification of the cross-reaction assay demonstrated the high specificity of RT-ddPCR. The detection limit of ASSVd by RT-ddPCR was 1.75 × 102 copies/μL (0.14 concentration), and the sensitivity was ten-fold higher than that of RT-qPCR. Similarly, positive detection in apple plantlet samples by RT-ddPCR was higher than that by RT-qPCR. The RT-ddPCR assay represents a promising alternative for accurate quantitative detection and diagnosis of ASSVd infection in ASSVd-free certification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61185, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61185, South Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Rae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Applied Biology and Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61185, South Korea.
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13
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Lee HJ, Cho IS, Ju HJ, Jeong RD. Development of a reverse transcription droplet digital PCR assay for sensitive detection of peach latent mosaic viroid. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 58:101746. [PMID: 34102255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) represents a continuing threat to peach tree production worldwide. In this study, a sensitive and accurate quantification of PLMVd in peach leaves was established using a reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR) assay. The quantitative linearity, accuracy, and sensitivity of RT-ddPCR for the detection of PLMVd were comparatively assessed to those of reverse-transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The specificity assay shows no amplification in major peach viruses, apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and prunus necrotic ring spot virus and negative control. Furthermore, the levels of PLMVd transcripts determined using RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR showed a high degree of linearity and quantitative correlation. Our results also indicated that the RT-ddPCR assay is at least two-fold more sensitive than qPCR and could therefore, be used to detect PLMVd in field samples. Moreover, optimization of RT-ddPCR was found to enhance the sensitivity of PLMVd detection in the peach leaf samples with low viral loads. In summary, the established RT-ddPCR assay represents a promising alternative method for the precise quantitative detection of PLMVd; it would be particularly applicable for diagnosing PLMVd infections in plant quarantine inspection and PLMVd-free certification program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61185, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jong Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61185, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kokane AD, Kokane SB, Warghane AJ, Gubyad MG, Sharma AK, Reddy MK, Ghosh DK. A Rapid and Sensitive Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Assay for the Detection of Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1346-1355. [PMID: 32990524 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1349-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) is a devastating pathogen that has a particularly deleterious effect on the 'Kinnow mandarin', a commercial citrus crop cultivated in the northwest of India. ICRSV belongs to the Mandarivirus genus within the family of Alphaflexiviridae and has a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome consisting of six open reading frames (ORFs). Severe cases of ICRSV result in a significant reduction in both the yield and quality of crops. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop methods to detect ICRSV in an accurate and timely manner. Current methods involve a two-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that is time consuming. Here, we describe a novel, one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for the sensitive and rapid detection of ICRSV. To standardize the RT-LAMP assay, four different primers were designed and tested to target the coat protein gene of ICRSV. Amplification results were visualized by a color change after addition of SYBR Green I. The standardized RT-LAMP assay was highly specific and successfully detected all 35 ICRSV isolates tested from the Punjab and Haryana states of India. Furthermore, there was no cross-reaction with 17 isolates of five other citrus pathogens that are common in India. The ICRSV RT-LAMP assay developed in the present study is a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific technique. Moreover, the assay consists of only a single step and is more cost effective than existing methods. This is the first application of RT-LAMP for the detection of ICRSV. Our RT-LAMP assay is a powerful tool for the detection of ICRSV and will be particularly useful for large-scale indexing of field samples in diagnostic laboratories, in nurseries, and for quarantine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Kokane
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil B Kokane
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish J Warghane
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mrugendra G Gubyad
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Lab, ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur-440 033, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Park C, Lee J, Hassan ZU, Ku KB, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Park EC, Park GS, Park D, Baek SH, Park D, Lee J, Jeon S, Kim S, Lee CS, Yoo HM, Kim S. Comparison of Digital PCR and Quantitative PCR with Various SARS-CoV-2 Primer-Probe Sets. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:358-367. [PMID: 33397829 PMCID: PMC9705847 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2009.09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an international health emergency. Current diagnostic tests are based on the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method, which is the gold standard test that involves the amplification of viral RNA. However, the RT-qPCR assay has limitations in terms of sensitivity and quantification. In this study, we tested both qPCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to detect low amounts of viral RNA. The cycle threshold (CT) of the viral RNA by RT-PCR significantly varied according to the sequences of the primer and probe sets with in vitro transcript (IVT) RNA or viral RNA as templates, whereas the copy number of the viral RNA by ddPCR was effectively quantified with IVT RNA, cultured viral RNA, and RNA from clinical samples. Furthermore, the clinical samples were assayed via both methods, and the sensitivity of the ddPCR was determined to be equal to or more than that of the RT-qPCR. However, the ddPCR assay is more suitable for determining the copy number of reference materials. These findings suggest that the qPCR assay with the ddPCR defined reference materials could be used as a highly sensitive and compatible diagnostic method for viral RNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Park
- Microbiological Analysis Team, Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Microbiological Analysis Team, Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Zohaib ul Hassan
- Microbiological Analysis Team, Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Bon Ku
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gi Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Soo Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Baek
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongju Park
- Microbiological Analysis Team, Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Department of Biological Science, Chungnam National University College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Microbiological Analysis Team, Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.M. Yoo Phone/Fax: +82-42-868-5362 E-mail:
| | - Seil Kim
- Microbiological Analysis Team, Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,S. Kim Phone: +82-42-868-5619 Fax: +82-42-868-5801 E-mail:
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16
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Takano T, Watanabe H, Doki T, Kusuhara H. Detection of feline norovirus using commercial real-time RT-PCR kit for the diagnosis of human norovirus infection. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:805-808. [PMID: 33692232 PMCID: PMC8182310 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline noroviruses (FNoVs) are potential clinical pathogens in cats. To perform an epidemiological study of FNoV infection, it is necessary to develop a simple and effective method for virus detection. We investigated whether a commercial human NoV quantitative RT-PCR kit for the detection of human NoVs used in medical practice can be applied for FNoV detection. This kit was capable of detecting the FNoV gene regardless of the genogroup (GIV and GVI) in experimental and field samples. Based on the above findings, it is possible to detect FNoVs using human NoV tests. The relationship between FNoV infection and gastroenteritis in cats may be clarified by applying these methods to an epidemiological survey of FNoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Doki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Kusuhara
- Health and Environment Research Institute, Yokkaichi, Mie 512-1211, Japan
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17
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Yang JL, Chang CY, Yen WCW, Yen LHC, Wang CC, Wang FI. Type I hypersensitivity is induced in cattle PBMC during Bluetongue virus Taiwan isolate infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 226:110071. [PMID: 32540689 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue is a fatal viral disease in ruminants and has serious economic impacts on the livestock industry. Interactions between bluetongue virus (BTV) and immune cells are interesting because of the unique scenarios in each combination of animal species/breed and viral virulence/serotype. This study investigated the immune response in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected by the BTV2 Taiwan strain. The replication of the virus was limited in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and lymphocytes were less permissive. The cytokine mRNA of IL-4 in PBMC was expressed earlier and in greater quantities than that of innate immunity (TNFα, IL-1β) and cell mediated immunity (CMI) (IFNγ), and the IL-4 protein was stably present in the culture medium until 72 h post-infection (hpi). Even in MDM reconstituted with autologous lymphocyte (MDM-Lymphocyte), the IL-4 still had high mRNA expression level. The level of IgE antibody also increased at 24-72 hpi, suggestive of the engagement of type I hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis. The anti-viral activity contained in the culture supernatant was transferrable to recipient infected PBMC from other cows. However, in infected MDM largely free of lymphocytes, mRNA expressions of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-12p40 were normally expressed from 6 to 48 hpi, supporting the notion that IL-4 elaborated by lymphocytes in PBMC mediated the inhibition of both innate immunity and CMI to BTV2. The sum of responses subsequent to the early IL-4 expression likely constitutes part of the unique scenario in the current BTV2-Cow experimental combination biased toward Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Chang
- Animal Health Research Institute, No. 376 Chung-Cheng Rd., Tansui, New Taipei City, 25158, Taiwan
| | - Well Chia-Wei Yen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lenny Hao-Che Yen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fun-In Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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18
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Doki T, Toda M, Hasegawa N, Hohdatsu T, Takano T. Therapeutic effect of an anti-human-TNF-alpha antibody and itraconazole on feline infectious peritonitis. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1197-1206. [PMID: 32236683 PMCID: PMC7110289 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease in wild and domestic cat species. Although several drugs are expected to be useful as treatments for FIP, no drugs are available in clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of combined use of adalimumab (an anti-human-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, ADA) and itraconazole (ICZ), which are presently available to veterinarians. The neutralizing activity of ADA against fTNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity was measured in WEHI-164 cells. Ten specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats were inoculated intraperitoneally with type I FIPV KU-2. To the cats that developed FIP, ADA (10 mg/animal) was administered twice between day 0 and day 4 after the start of treatment. ICZ (50 mg/head, SID) was orally administered daily from day 0 after the start of treatment. ADA demonstrated dose-dependent neutralizing activity against rfTNF-alpha. In an animal experiment, 2 of 3 cats showed improvements in FIP clinical symptoms and blood chemistry test results, an increase in the peripheral blood lymphocyte count, and a decrease in the plasma alpha 1-AGP level were observed after the beginning of treatment. One of the cats failed to respond to treatment and was euthanized, although the viral gene level in ascites temporarily decreased after the start of treatment. ADA was found to have neutralizing activity against rfTNF-alpha. The combined use of ADA and ICZ showed a therapeutic effect for experimentally induced FIP. We consider these drugs to be a treatment option until effective anti-FIPV drugs become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Doki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hohdatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
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19
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Encabo JR, Macalalad-Cabral RJA, Matres JMK, Coronejo SCTP, Jonson GB, Kishima Y, Henry A, Choi IR. Infection with an asymptomatic virus in rice results in a delayed drought response. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:239-249. [PMID: 32045562 DOI: 10.1071/fp19241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection of viruses in plants often modifies plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study we examined the effects of Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) infection on drought response in rice. RTSV infection delayed the onset of leaf rolling by 1-2 days. During the delay in drought response, plants infected with RTSV showed higher stomatal conductance and less negative leaf water potential under drought than those of uninfected plants, indicating that RTSV-infected leaves were more hydrated. Other growth and physiological traits of plants under drought were not altered by infection with RTSV. An expression analysis of genes for drought response-related transcription factors showed that the expression of OsNAC6 and OsDREB2a was less activated by drought in RTSV-infected plants than in uninfected plants, further suggesting improved water status of the plants due to RTSV infection. RTSV accumulated more in plants under drought than in well-watered plants, indicating the increased susceptibility of rice plants to RTSV infection by drought. Collectively, these results indicated that infection with RTSV can transiently mitigate the influence of drought stress on rice plants by increasing leaf hydration, while drought increased the susceptibility of rice plants to RTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymee R Encabo
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031 Philippines; and Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan; and Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Jerlie Mhay K Matres
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031 Philippines
| | | | - Gilda B Jonson
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031 Philippines
| | - Yuji Kishima
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Amelia Henry
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031 Philippines; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Wu X, Song Z, Zhai X, Zuo L, Mei X, Xiang R, Kang Z, Zhou L, Wang H. Simultaneous and visual detection of infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus by multiple LAMP and lateral flow dipstick. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5401-5411. [PMID: 31265112 PMCID: PMC7107193 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are both important viruses seriously affecting poultry industry worldwide. In this study, reverse-transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) was combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) forming a novel detection tool which could simultaneously detect IBV and NDV visually. Primers targeted the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of IBV genome and the conserved region of NDV large polymerase gene (LP). The specificity and sensitivity of this multiple reverse transcription-LAMP-LFD (mRT-LAMP-LFD) assay were compared with those of conventional RT-PCR, nested RT-PCR (nRT-PCR), quantification RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and RT-LAMP monitored by electrophoresis. No non-specific amplifications were observed when the assays were tested with unrelated viruses. According to the sensitivity study, when detecting IBV or NDV alone, the lowest detection limits of mRT-LAMP-LFD were 100.8 IBV RNA copies/reaction and 100.7 NDV RNA copies/reaction. Furthermore, when detecting IBV and NDV simultaneously, the lowest detection limit was the same as that of the single detection assays. In the clinical sample study, mRT-LAMP-LFD performed the best among these assays. When tested with IBV or NDV single infected samples, the mean detection rates were 98.65% and 97.25%, respectively. In the IBV and NDV co-infected sample study, the mean detection rates of IBV and NDV were both 95%. This study showed that mRT-LAMP-LFD was a promising qualitative detection tool suitable for field single or multiple IBV and NDV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zengxu Song
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiwen Zhai
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xueran Mei
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Kang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Long Zhou
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, "985 Project" Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education,29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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21
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Suther C, Moore MD. Quantification and discovery of PCR inhibitors found in food matrices commonly associated with foodborne viruses. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Li H, Cheng J, Yuan Y, Luo R, Zhu Z. Age-related intestinal monosaccharides transporters expression and villus surface area increase in broiler and layer chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:144-155. [PMID: 31556184 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the chicken small intestine, glucose is mainly transported by the apically located sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and the basolaterally located glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). Fructose is transported by the apically located glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) and similarly by GLUT2. During the early post-hatching period, the intestinal villus surface area (VSA) should be considered as an important factor related to the monosaccharide absorption capacity. Our objective here was to study intestinal monosaccharide absorption by analyzing the effects of age, diet, and breed on monosaccharide transporters and the VSA. The mRNA expression patterns of SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5 genes in broiler and layer chickens were measured from the day of hatching to day 28 using the absolute quantitative real-time PCR. Both the intestinal mRNA expression levels of these genes and the VSA were affected by age. The mRNA expression levels of SGLT1 and GLUT2 were significantly increased from day 1 to day 3 and then decreased from day 3 to day 28. The expression levels of GLUT5 decreased from day 1 to day 7. The broiler chickens VSAs were significantly larger than those of the layer chickens from days 7 to 28. The effect of diet on the gene expression patterns of these monosaccharide transporters and the VSA were not significant. Our results suggest that the expression levels of these monosaccharide transporters are increased rapidly at the beginning of intestinal growth to meet the demands for monosaccharides to support the fast growth of the chick before day 7. As intestinal maturation and VSA increased, the expression levels of these monosaccharide genes decreased to a certain expression level to maintain the intestinal transport capacity and the absorption balance of all other nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yitong Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China
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23
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Zhao L, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Surface display of hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) G protein in Lactococcus lactis and its immune protection in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:142. [PMID: 31434565 PMCID: PMC6704618 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) can infect a wide range of marine and freshwater fish, causing huge economic losses to aquaculture industry. Vaccine development, especially oral vaccine, has become an effective and convenient way to control aquatic infectious diseases. HIRRV glycoprotein (G), an immunogenic viral protein is a potential vaccine candidate for prevention of the disease. Here, we aimed to construct a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain expressing HIRRV-G on the cell surface as an oral vaccine to prevent HIRRV. Results Glycoprotein gene of HIRRV was successfully cloned and expressed in L. lactis NZ9000 in a surface-displayed form, yielding Ll:pSLC-G. An approximately 81 kDa recombinant G protein (containing LysM anchoring motif) was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, western blotting and mass spectrometry analysis. The surface-displayed G protein was also verified by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential of Ll:pSLC-G as oral vaccine candidate, flounders were continuously fed with commercial diet pellets coated with 1.0 × 109 cfu/g of induced Ll:pSLC-G for 1 week. Four weeks later, booster vaccination was performed with the same procedure. Compared with the controls, Ll:pSLC-G elicited significantly higher levels of specific IgM against HIRRV in flounder gut mucus at the second week and in serum at the fourth week (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, oral immunization with Ll:pSLC-G could provide 60.7% protection against HIRRV infection and a significantly lower virus load was detected than the controls on the third day post-challenge (p < 0.01). Moreover, on the first day post 1-week feeding, approximately 104–105 recombinant L. lactis cells were detected in every gram of foregut, midgut and hindgut of flounder, which were mainly localized at the bottom of gut mucus layer; and on day 21, 102–103L. lactis cells could still be recovered. Conclusions HIRRV-G protein was successfully expressed on the surface of L. lactis cells, which could trigger mucosal and humoral immune response of flounder and provide considerable immune protection against HIRRV. It suggests that genetically engineered L. lactis expressing G protein can be employed as a promising oral vaccine against HIRRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Evaluating the applicability of mouse SINEs as an alternative normalization approach for RT-qPCR in brain tissue of the APP23 model for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 320:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Sisteré-Oró M, Vergara-Alert J, Stratmann T, López-Serrano S, Pina-Pedrero S, Córdoba L, Pérez-Maillo M, Pleguezuelos P, Vidal E, Veljkovic V, Segalés J, Nielsen J, Fomsgaard A, Darji A. Conserved HA-peptide NG34 formulated in pCMV-CTLA4-Ig reduces viral shedding in pigs after a heterosubtypic influenza virus SwH3N2 challenge. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212431. [PMID: 30822308 PMCID: PMC6396909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIVs), the causal agents of swine influenza, are not only important to control due to the economic losses in the swine industry, but also can be pandemic pathogens. Vaccination is one of the most relevant strategies to control and prevent influenza infection. Current human vaccines against influenza induce strain-specific immunity and annual update is required due to the virus antigenic shift phenomena. Previously, our group has reported the use of conserved hemagglutinin peptides (HA-peptides) derived from H1-influenza virus as a potential multivalent vaccine candidate. Immunization of swine with these HA-peptides elicited antibodies that recognized and neutralized heterologous influenza viruses in vitro and demonstrated strong hemagglutination-inhibiting activity. In the present work, we cloned one HA-peptide (named NG34) into a plasmid fused with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA4) which is a molecule that modifies T cell activation and with an adjuvant activity interfering with the adaptive immune response. The resulting plasmid, named pCMV-CTLA4-Ig-NG34, was administered twice to animals employing a needle-free delivery approach. Two studies were carried out to test the efficacy of pCMV-CTLA4-Ig-NG34 as a potential swine influenza vaccine, one in seronegative and another in seropositive pigs against SIV. The second one was aimed to evaluate whether pCMV-CTLA4-Ig-NG34 vaccination would overcome maternally derived antibodies (MDA). After immunization, all animals were intranasally challenged with an H3N2 influenza strain. A complete elimination or significant reduction in the viral shedding was observed within the first week after the challenge in the vaccinated animals from both studies. In addition, no challenged heterologous virus load was detected in the airways of vaccinated pigs. Overall, it is suggested that the pCMV-CTLA4-Ig-NG34 vaccine formulation could potentially be used as a multivalent vaccine against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sisteré-Oró
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Stratmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pina-Pedrero
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Córdoba
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Maillo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrícia Pleguezuelos
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veljko Veljkovic
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Anders Fomsgaard
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ayub Darji
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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26
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Development of a sensitive and reliable reverse transcription droplet digital PCR assay for the detection of citrus yellow vein clearing virus. Arch Virol 2018; 164:691-697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Shawky SM, Awad AM, Abugable AA, El-Khamisy SF. Gold nanoparticles - an optical biosensor for RNA quantification for cancer and neurologic disorders diagnosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8137-8151. [PMID: 30555231 PMCID: PMC6278840 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study is to develop a facile tool for the absolute detection and quantification of nucleic acid transcripts, using a gold nanoparticle-based optical biosensor. Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) and tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) were among the nucleic acid transcripts of choice due to their role as genomic instability biomarkers and their implication in various cancers and neurologic disorders. This opens the door to develop a simple tool that can be used for diagnosing and monitoring treatment response for such diseases, overcoming the requirements for high cost, time, and complexity of the existing technologies for the absolute quantification of transcripts of interest. Materials and methods The TOP1 and TDP2 mRNA transcripts were first captured specifically using magnetic nanoparticles that were functionalized with TOP1- and TDP2-specific probes, respectively. The captured mRNA was then directly detected and quantified using the gold aggregating gold (GAG) assay, without the need for amplification as in existing technologies used for the quantification of transcripts. Results A linear correlation exists between the GAG assay and the qPCR for the quantification of the TOP1 and TDP2 mRNA transcripts (101–104 copies). The detection limit of the GAG assay in mRNA quantification was up to 10 copies per reaction. Wild-type and TDP2-deficient cell lines confirmed the assay specificity and reproducibility in distinguishing between different transcripts. Conclusion The GAG assay can be utilized as an inexpensive, rapid, simple, and sensitive tool for the absolute quantification of RNA for different applications, instead of the laborious, expensive, and sophisticated real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Shawky
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, .,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Awad
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Arwa A Abugable
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt, .,Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,
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28
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Kim HJ, Lyoo HR, Choi JS, Lee YH, Kim BH, Yoo HS. Development of a Quantitative RT-PCR Assay to Differentiate Rift Valley Fever Virus Smithburn Vaccine Strain from Clone 13 Vaccine Strain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:121-127. [PMID: 30300113 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new quantitative RT-PCR assay was developed to differentiate Rift Valley fever (RVF) Smithburn vaccine strain from Clone 13 vaccine strain. The new qRT-PCR assay targeting the S segment (NSs and N gene) was tested on synthesized standard RNA and MP-12 strain viruses. The detection limit of the new qRT-PCR assay is 1 copy/μL of NSs and N, and is able to differentiate the Smithburn vaccine strain of RVF from the Clone 13 vaccine strain. No cross-reactivity with other vector-borne viruses was observed, a factor that is especially important in the Republic of Korea (ROK). To examine the performance of the qRT-PCR, intra- and inter-assay variability data were analyzed and showed high reproducibility. These results indicate that the new qRT-PCR can be used as a safe and cost-effective test. Furthermore, this result suggests the possibility of differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals diagnostic test in RVF-free countries including ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Kim
- 1 Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rhyoung Lyoo
- 3 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeong-Soo Choi
- 1 Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- 1 Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Han Kim
- 1 Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Tamvacakis AN, Senatore A, Katz PS. Single neuron serotonin receptor subtype gene expression correlates with behaviour within and across three molluscan species. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0791. [PMID: 30135151 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine mollusc, Pleurobranchaea californica varies daily in whether it swims and this correlates with whether serotonin (5-HT) enhances the strength of synapses made by the swim central pattern generator neuron, A1/C2. Another species, Tritonia diomedea, reliably swims and does not vary in serotonergic neuromodulation. A third species, Hermissenda crassicornis, never produces this behaviour and lacks the neuromodulation. We found that expression of particular 5-HT receptor subtype (5-HTR) genes in single neurons correlates with swimming. Orthologues to seven 5-HTR genes were identified from whole-brain transcriptomes. We isolated individual A1/C2 neurons and sequenced their RNA or measured 5-HTR gene expression using absolute quantitative PCR. A1/C2 neurons isolated from Pleurobranchaea that produced a swim motor pattern just prior to isolation expressed 5-HT2a and 5-HT7 receptor genes, as did all Tritonia samples. These subtypes were absent from A1/C2 isolated from Pleurobranchaea that did not swim on that day and from Hermissenda A1/C2 neurons. Expression of other receptors was not correlated with swimming. This suggests that these 5-HTRs may mediate the modulation of A1/C2 synaptic strength and play an important role in swimming. Furthermore, it suggests that regulation of receptor expression could underlie daily changes in behaviour as well as evolution of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Tamvacakis
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Senatore
- Biology Department, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P S Katz
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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30
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Rios L, Perera CL, Coronado L, Relova D, Álvarez AM, Ganges L, Díaz de Arce H, Núñez JI, Pérez LJ. Multi-Target Strategy for Pan/Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Detection: A Combination of Sequences Analysis, in Silico Predictions and Laboratory Diagnostic Evaluation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:160. [PMID: 30050913 PMCID: PMC6052897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals that causes severe economic losses. The disease is characterized by a vesicular condition and it cannot be differentiated from other vesicular diseases. Therefore, laboratory confirmation of any suspected FMD case is compulsory. Despite viral isolation in cell cultures has been considered for many years as the gold standard for FMD diagnosis, the advantages of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) technology have motivated its use directly in clinical specimens for FMD diagnosis. The current work was aimed to develop and validate a molecular multi-check strategy using rRT-PCR (mMulti-rRT-PCR) based on SYBR-Green I for pan/foot-and-mouth disease virus (pan/FMDV) diagnosis. From in silico approaches, different primer pairs previously reported were selected and modified to reduce the likelihood of viral escape as well as potential failures in the pan/FMDV detection. The analytical parameters were evaluated using a high number of representative viral strains. The repeatability of the assay and its performance on field samples were also assessed. The mMulti-rRT-PCR was able to detect emergent FMDV strains that circulated in South America between the years 2006–2010 and on which the single rRT-PCRs failed when they were applied independently. The results obtained here showed that the proposed system is an accurate and rapid diagnosis method for sensitive and specific detection of FMDV. Thus, a validated mMulti-rRT-PCR assay based on SYBR-Green I detection coupled to melting curves resolution for pan/FMDV diagnosis on clinical samples is proposed. This study also highlights the need to incorporate the multi-target detection principle in the diagnosis of highly variable agents, specially, of those listed by OIE like FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Carmen L Perera
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Liani Coronado
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Damarys Relova
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis and Risk Analysis of the Caribean Region, San José de las Lajas, Cuba
| | - Ana M Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José I Núñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lester J Pérez
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
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Castro B, Sánchez P, Torres JM, Ortega E. Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A on the intraprostatic levels of aromatase and 5α-reductase isozymes in juvenile rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:20-25. [PMID: 29501275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on the prostate gland has taken center stage, with a special focus placed on understanding how BPA affects prostate physiopathology. In this study, we evaluated the ability of lower doses of BPA to induce alterations in 5α-R isozymes and aromatase, in the prostate of juvenile rats exposed during developmental stage. Gestating Wistar rats were treated s.c with either vehicle or BPA (2.4 and 10 μg/kg b.w./day) from gestational day 12 to parturition. Then, male pups were s.c treated from postnatal day 1 through day 21, when they were euthanized and qRT-PCR, western blot and hormone levels determination were performed. We found that BPA at dose of 2.4 and 10 μg/kg b.w./day significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of 5α-R2. However, neither 5α-R1 nor 5α-R3 was affected by this exposure. BPA at dose of 10 μg/kg b.w./day significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of aromatase. BPA also decreased plasma levels of both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and increased estradiol. These data lend support that low-dose BPA during fetal and neonatal prostate development interfere with in situ estrogen and androgen production in the prostate gland of juvenile rats through the enzymes aromatase and 5α-Reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 11 Avenue of Research, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 11 Avenue of Research, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús M Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 11 Avenue of Research, 18016, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, 11 Avenue of Research, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Esperanza Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 11 Avenue of Research, 18016, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, 11 Avenue of Research, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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Stodola JK, Dubois G, Le Coupanec A, Desforges M, Talbot PJ. The OC43 human coronavirus envelope protein is critical for infectious virus production and propagation in neuronal cells and is a determinant of neurovirulence and CNS pathology. Virology 2018; 515:134-149. [PMID: 29287230 PMCID: PMC7118982 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The OC43 strain of human coronavirus (HCoV-OC43) is an ubiquitous respiratory tract pathogen possessing neurotropic capacities. Coronavirus structural envelope (E) protein possesses specific motifs involved in protein-protein interaction or in homo-oligomeric ion channel formation, which are known to play various roles including in virion morphology/assembly and in cell response to infection and/or virulence. Making use of recombinant viruses either devoid of the E protein or harboring mutations either in putative transmembrane domain or PDZ-binding motif, we demonstrated that a fully functional HCoV-OC43 E protein is first needed for optimal production of recombinant infectious viruses. Furthermore, HCoV-OC43 infection of human epithelial and neuronal cell lines, of mixed murine primary cultures from the central nervous system and of mouse central nervous system showed that the E protein is critical for efficient and optimal virus replication and propagation, and thereby for neurovirulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Stodola
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand- Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Dubois
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand- Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Le Coupanec
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand- Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Desforges
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand- Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Pierre J Talbot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand- Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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33
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5α-Reductase isozymes and aromatase mRNA levels in plucked hair from young women with female pattern hair loss. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 310:77-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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The FXR Agonist, Obeticholic Acid, Suppresses HCC Proliferation & Metastasis: Role of IL-6/STAT3 Signalling Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12502. [PMID: 28970500 PMCID: PMC5624958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), has been recently considered as a tumor suppressor in HCC. IL-6/Janus kinase 2 (Jak-2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway has been implicated as a key player in many cancer types. This study aimed at investigating the potential effect of the FXR agonist, obeticholic acid (OCA), on HCC and the involvement of IL-6/STAT3 pathway. The potential regulation of STAT3 by its main feedback inhibitor target gene, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), triggered by OCA was also explored. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on HepG2, Huh7, and SNU-449 cell lines using OCA alone and combined with the FXR antagonist guggulsterone (Gugg). OCA cytotoxic effect was significantly hampered in presence of Gugg. OCA also caused cell cycle arrest and inhibited invasion and migration of HCC cells. Decrease in STAT3 phosphorylation and SOCS3 upregulation were also observed. Moreover, Jak-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were decreased. These results were correlated with an upregulation of FXR and small heterodimer partner (SHP) levels. Effects of OCA on IL-6/STAT3 main key players were reversed in presence of Gugg. Overall, these findings suggest a potential effect of OCA in HCC via interfering with IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway in vitro.
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Herath TK, Ashby AJ, Jayasuriya NS, Bron JE, Taylor JF, Adams A, Richards RH, Weidmann M, Ferguson HW, Taggart JB, Migaud H, Fordyce MJ, Thompson KD. Impact of Salmonid alphavirus infection in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179192. [PMID: 28949966 PMCID: PMC5614425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing interest in the use of triploid salmon in commercial aquaculture, gaining an understanding of how economically important pathogens affect triploid stocks is important. To compare the susceptibility of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) to viral pathogens, fry were experimentally infected with Salmonid alphavirus sub-type 1 (SAV1), the aetiological agent of pancreas disease (PD) affecting Atlantic salmon aquaculture in Europe. Three groups of fry were exposed to the virus via different routes of infection: intraperitoneal injection (IP), bath immersion, or cohabitation (co-hab) and untreated fry were used as a control group. Mortalities commenced in the co-hab challenged diploid and triploid fish from 11 days post infection (dpi), and the experiment was terminated at 17 dpi. Both diploid and triploid IP challenged groups had similar levels of cumulative mortality at the end of the experimental period (41.1% and 38.9% respectively), and these were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than for the other challenge routes. A TaqMan-based quantitative PCR was used to assess SAV load in the heart, a main target organ of the virus, and also liver, which does not normally display any pathological changes during clinical infections, but exhibited severe degenerative lesions in the present study. The median viral RNA copy number was higher in diploid fish compared to triploid fish in both the heart and the liver of all three challenged groups. However, a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was only apparent in the liver of the co-hab groups. Diploid fry also displayed significantly higher levels of pancreatic and myocardial degeneration than triploids. This study showed that both diploid and triploid fry are susceptible to experimental SAV1 infection. The lower virus load seen in the triploids compared to the diploids may possibly be related to differences in cell metabolism between the two groups, however, further investigation is necessary to confirm this and also to assess the outcome of PD outbreaks in other developmental stages of the fish when maintained in commercial production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharangani K. Herath
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela J. Ashby
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Fish Vet Group, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - James E. Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - John F. Taylor
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | - Manfred Weidmann
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh W. Ferguson
- Marine Medicine Programme, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - John B. Taggart
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Herve Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim D. Thompson
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Ge Y, Zhou Q, Zhao K, Chi Y, Liu B, Min X, Shi Z, Zou B, Cui L. Detection of influenza viruses by coupling multiplex reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with cascade invasive reaction using nanoparticles as a sensor. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2645-2656. [PMID: 28435249 PMCID: PMC5388202 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s132670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections represent a worldwide public health and economic problem due to the significant morbidity and mortality caused by seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Sensitive and convenient methodologies for detection of influenza viruses are essential for further disease control. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is the most commonly used method of nucleic acid isothermal amplification. However, with regard to multiplex LAMP, differentiating the ladder-like LAMP products derived from multiple targets is still challenging today. The requirement of specialized instruments has further hindered the on-site application of multiplex LAMP. We have developed an integrated assay coupling multiplex reverse transcription LAMP with cascade invasive reaction using nanoparticles (mRT-LAMP-CIRN) as a sensor for the detection of three subtypes of influenza viruses: A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3 and influenza B. The analytic sensitivities of the mRT-LAMP-CIRN assay were 101 copies of RNA for both A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3, and 102 copies of RNA for influenza B. This assay demonstrated highly specific detection of target viruses and could differentiate them from other genetically or clinically related viruses. Clinical specimen analysis showed the mRT-LAMP-CIRN assay had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 98.3% and 100%, respectively. In summary, the mRT-LAMP-CIRN assay is highly sensitive and specific, and can be used as a cost-saving and instrument-free method for the detection of influenza viruses, especially for on-site use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Ge
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Kangchen Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Ying Chi
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiaoyan Min
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Detection of Epidemic Human Noroviruses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40244. [PMID: 28067278 PMCID: PMC5220337 DOI: 10.1038/srep40244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Rapid detection could facilitate control, however widespread point-of-care testing is infrequently done due to the lack of robust and portable methods. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermal method which rapidly amplifies and detects nucleic acids using a simple device in near real-time. An RT-RPA assay targeting a recent epidemic human norovirus strain (GII.4 New Orleans) was developed and evaluated in this study. The assay successfully detected purified norovirus RNA from multiple patient outbreak isolates and had a limit of detection of 3.40 ± 0.20 log10 genomic copies (LGC), which is comparable to most other reported isothermal norovirus amplification methods. The assay also detected norovirus in directly boiled stool, and displayed better resistance to inhibitors than a commonly used RT-qPCR assay. The assay was specific, as it did not amplify genomes from 9 non-related enteric viruses and bacteria. The assay detected norovirus in some samples in as little as 6 min, and the entire detection process can be performed in less than 30 min. The reported RT-RPA method shows promise for sensitive point-of-care detection of epidemic human norovirus, and is the fastest human norovirus amplification method to date.
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38
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Jarungsriapisit J, Moore LJ, Mæhle S, Skår C, Einen AC, Fiksdal IU, Morton HC, Stefansson SO, Taranger GL, Patel S. Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3. Vet Res 2016; 47:102. [PMID: 27760562 PMCID: PMC5069985 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) causes pancreas disease (PD) and adversely affects salmonid aquaculture in Europe. A better understanding of disease transmission is currently needed in order to manage PD outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate the relationship between viral dose and the outcome of SAV3 infection in Atlantic salmon post-smolts using a bath challenge model. Fish were challenged at 12 °C with 3 different SAV3 doses; 139, 27 and 7 TCID50 L−1 of seawater. A dose of as little as 7 TCID50 L−1 of seawater was able to induce SAV3 infection in the challenged population with a substantial level of variation between replicate tanks and, therefore, likely represents a dose close to the minimum dose required to establish an infection in a population. These data also confirm the highly infectious nature of SAV through horizontal transmission. The outcome of SAV3 infection, evaluated by the prevalence of viraemic fish, SAV3-positive hearts, and the virus shedding rate, was positively correlated to the original SAV3 dose. A maximal shedding rate of 2.4 × 104 TCID50 L−1 of seawater h−1 kg−1 was recorded 10 days post-exposure (dpe) from the highest dose group. The method reported here, for the quantification of infectious SAV3 in seawater, could be useful to monitor PD status or obtain data from SAV3 outbreaks at field locations. This information could be incorporated into pathogen dispersal models to improve risk assessment and to better understand how SAV3 spreads between farms during outbreaks. This information may also provide new insights into the control and mitigation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Jarungsriapisit
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lindsey J Moore
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Mæhle
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Skår
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Sigurd O Stefansson
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sonal Patel
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway.
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Hoare R, Thompson KD, Herath T, Collet B, Bron JE, Adams A. Development, Characterisation and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Detection and Quantification of Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus in Plasma Samples Using Luminex Bead Array Technology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159155. [PMID: 27434377 PMCID: PMC4951118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus that has had a significant economic impact on Atlantic salmon farming in Europe, North America and Chile. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed against Segment 3 (encoding the viral nucleoprotein, NP) of the virus. Six of the mAbs were shown to be specific to ISAV and recognised all isolates from Scotland, Norway and Canada. They reacted with ISAV in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and western blotting. They were also used to develop a novel detection method based on Luminex (Bio-Plex) bead-based flow cytometric technology for the detection of ISAV in the plasma of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts experimentally infected with ISAV. Fish were challenged by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of virus at 50% Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID50) = 2.8 x106 per animal. Virus present in plasma of infected fish, collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 21 and 28 days post infection using a non-lethal sampling method (n = 12 at each time point), was quantified using the optimised Bio-Plex assay. The results obtained with this assay were compared with absolute quantification of the virus by RT-qPCR using SYBR Green I and TaqMan chemistries. The Bio-Plex assay developed using the NP mAbs appears to be a rapid, sensitive method for detecting and quantifying ISAV in small volumes of fish plasma and has the potential to be multiplexed for the detection of other fish pathogens (e.g. during co-infections). To our knowledge this is the first report of the use of Luminex (Bio-Plex) technology for the detection of a fish pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - K. D. Thompson
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - T. Herath
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - B. Collet
- Marine Scotland, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9PA, United Kingdom
| | - J. E. Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - A. Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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40
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Herath TK, Ferguson HW, Weidmann MW, Bron JE, Thompson KD, Adams A, Muir KF, Richards RH. Pathogenesis of experimental salmonid alphavirus infection in vivo: an ultrastructural insight. Vet Res 2016; 47:7. [PMID: 26743442 PMCID: PMC4705579 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is an enveloped, single-stranded,
positive sense RNA virus belonging to the family Togaviridae. It causes economically devastating disease in cultured salmonids. The characteristic features of SAV infection include severe histopathological changes in the heart, pancreas and skeletal muscles of diseased fish. Although the presence of virus has been reported in a wider range of tissues, the mechanisms responsible for viral tissue tropism and for lesion development during the disease are not clearly described or understood. Previously, we have described membrane-dependent morphogenesis of SAV and associated apoptosis-mediated cell death in vitro. The aims of the present study were to explore ultrastructural changes associated with SAV infection in vivo. Cytolytic changes were observed in heart, but not in gill and head-kidney of virus-infected fish, although they still exhibited signs of SAV morphogenesis. Ultrastructural changes associated with virus replication were also noted in leukocytes in the head kidney of virus-infected fish. These results further describe the presence of degenerative lesions in the heart as expected, but not in the gills and in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharangani K Herath
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Hugh W Ferguson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St George's University, St. George, Grenada, West Indies.
| | - Manfred W Weidmann
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - James E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Kimberly D Thompson
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Katherine F Muir
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Randolph H Richards
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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Le Coupanec A, Desforges M, Meessen-Pinard M, Dubé M, Day R, Seidah NG, Talbot PJ. Cleavage of a Neuroinvasive Human Respiratory Virus Spike Glycoprotein by Proprotein Convertases Modulates Neurovirulence and Virus Spread within the Central Nervous System. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005261. [PMID: 26545254 PMCID: PMC4636366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are respiratory pathogens that may be associated with the development of neurological diseases, in view of their neuroinvasive and neurotropic properties. The viral spike (S) glycoprotein is a major virulence factor for several coronavirus species, including the OC43 strain of HCoV (HCoV-OC43). In an attempt to study the role of this protein in virus spread within the central nervous system (CNS) and neurovirulence, as well as to identify amino acid residues important for such functions, we compared the sequence of the S gene found in the laboratory reference strain HCoV-OC43 ATCC VR-759 to S sequences of viruses detected in clinical isolates from the human respiratory tract. We identified one predominant mutation at amino acid 758 (from RRSR↓ G758 to RRSR↓R758), which introduces a putative furin-like cleavage (↓) site. Using a molecular cDNA infectious clone to generate a corresponding recombinant virus, we show for the first time that such point mutation in the HCoV-OC43 S glycoprotein creates a functional cleavage site between the S1 and S2 portions of the S protein. While the corresponding recombinant virus retained its neuroinvasive properties, this mutation led to decreased neurovirulence while potentially modifying the mode of virus spread, likely leading to a limited dissemination within the CNS. Taken together, these results are consistent with the adaptation of HCoV-OC43 to the CNS environment, resulting from the selection of quasi-species harboring mutations that lead to amino acid changes in viral genes, like the S gene in HCoV-OC43, which may contribute to a more efficient establishment of a less pathogenic but persistent CNS infection. This adaptative mechanism could potentially be associated with human encephalitis or other neurological degenerative pathologies. Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are respiratory pathogens involved in a sizable proportion of common colds. They have over the years been associated with the development of neurological diseases, given their demonstrated neuroinvasive and neurotropic properties. The viral spike (S) glycoprotein appears to be associated with these neurologic features and is a major factor of virulence for several coronavirus species, including HCoV-OC43. To further characterize the role of this protein in neurovirulence and virus spread within the CNS, we sought to identify amino acid residues that may be important for this function. Our data revealed that one of them, G758R, introduces a functional furin-like cleavage site in the S protein (RRSR↓R758). This change in S protein mostly impacts neurovirulence, which seems associated with a modified viral dissemination, without significantly affecting its neuroinvasive capacity. This mutation, found in all characterized contemporary human clinical respiratory isolates, underlines previous findings that naturally existing field isolates of HCoV-OC43 variants still possess the capacity to invade the CNS where they could eventually adapt and establish a persistent human CNS infection, a mechanism potentially associated with human encephalitis or neurodegenerative pathologies of unknown etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Le Coupanec
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Desforges
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (MDe); (PJT)
| | - Mathieu Meessen-Pinard
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dubé
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Day
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre J. Talbot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunovirology, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (MDe); (PJT)
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Castro B, Sánchez P, Torres JM, Ortega E. Bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S affect differently 5α-reductase expression and dopamine-serotonin systems in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:281-287. [PMID: 26186136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) affects brain function and behavior, which might be attributed to its interference with hormonal steroid signaling and/or neurotransmitter systems. Alternatively, the use of structural analogs of BPA, mainly bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), has increased recently. However, limited in vivo toxicity data exist. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of BPA, BPF and BPS on 5α-reductase (5α-R), a key enzyme involved in neurosteroidogenesis, as well as on dopamine (DA)- and serotonin (5-HT)-related genes, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of juvenile female rats. METHODS Gestating Wistar rats were treated with either vehicle or 10 μg/kg/day of BPA, BPF or BPS from gestational day 12 to parturition. Then, female pups were exposed from postnatal day 1 through day 21 (PND21), when they were euthanized and RT-PCR, western blot and quantitative PCR-array experiments were performed. RESULTS BPA decreased 5α-R2 and 5α-R3 mRNA and protein levels, while both BPF and BPS decreased 5α-R3 mRNA levels in PFC at PND21. Further, BPA, BPF and BPS significantly altered, respectively, the transcription of 25, 56 and 24 genes out of the 84 DA and 5-HT-related genes assayed. Of particular interest was the strong induction by all these bisphenols of Cyp2d4, implicated in corticosteroids synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that BPA, BPF and BPS differentially affect 5α-R and genes related to DA/5-HT systems in the female PFC. In vivo evidence of the potential adverse effects of BPF and BPS in the brain of mammals is provided in this work, raising questions about the safety of these chemicals as substitutes for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús M Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Esperanza Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Yehia N, Arafa AS, Abd El Wahed A, El-Sanousi AA, Weidmann M, Shalaby MA. Development of reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for avian influenza H5N1 HA gene detection. J Virol Methods 2015. [PMID: 26225482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 2006 outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in Egypt interrupted poultry production and caused staggering economic damage. In addition, H5N1 avian influenza viruses represent a significant threat to public health. Therefore, the rapid detection of H5 viruses is very important in order to control the disease. In this study, a qualitative reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay for the detection of hemagglutinin gene of H5 subtype influenza viruses was developed. The results were compared to the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An in vitro transcribed RNA standard of 970 nucleotides of the hemagglutinin gene was developed and used to determine the assay sensitivity. The developed H5 RT-RPA assay was able to detect one RNA molecule within 7 min, while in real-time RT-PCR, at least 90 min was required. H5 RT-RPA assay did not detect nucleic acid extracted from H5 negative samples or from other pathogens producing respiratory manifestation in poultry. The clinical performance of the H5 RT-RPA assay was tested in 30 samples collected between 2014 and 2015; the sensitivity of H5 RT-RPA and real-time RT-PCR was 100%. In conclusion, H5 RT-RPA was faster than real-time RT-PCR and easily operable in a portable device. Moreover, it had an equivalent sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Satar Arafa
- National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El Wahed
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed A El-Sanousi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Zhou L, Gong R, Lu X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Treponema pallidum, HCV, HIV-1, and HBV. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:481-7. [PMID: 25866106 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Treponema pallidum, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are major causes of sexually transmitted diseases passed through blood contact. The development of a sensitive and efficient method for detection is critical for early diagnosis and for large-scale screening of blood specimens in China. This study aims to establish an assay to detect these pathogens in clinical serum specimens. We established a TaqMan-locked nucleic acid (LNA) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid, sensitive, specific, quantitative, and simultaneous detection and identification. The copy numbers of standards of these 4 pathogens were quantified. Standard curves were generated by determining the mean cycle threshold values versus 10-fold serial dilutions of standards over a range of 10(6) to 10(1) copies/μL, with the lowest detection limit of the assay being 10(1) copies/μL. The assay was applied to 328 clinical specimens and compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and commercial nucleic acid testing (NAT) methods. The assay identified 39 T. pallidum-, 96 HCV-, 13 HIV-1-, 123 HBV-, 5 HBV/HCV-, 1 T. pallidum/HBV-, 1 HIV-1/HCV-, and 1 HIV-1/T. pallidum-positive specimens. The high sensitivity of the assay confers strong potential for its use as a highly reliable, cost-effective, and useful molecular diagnostic tool for large-scale screening of clinical specimens. This assay will assist in the study of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of sexually transmitted blood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- ABSL-III Laboratory at Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine
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Miska KB, Fetterer RH, Wong EA. mRNA expression of amino acid transporters, aminopeptidase, and the di- and tri-peptide transporter PepT1 in the intestine and liver of posthatch broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1323-32. [PMID: 25825788 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) transporter proteins are responsible for the movement of amino acids in and out of cells. Aminopeptidase cleaves AAs from the N-terminus of polypeptides making them available for transport, while PepT1 is a di- and tripeptide transporter. In the intestine, these proteins are present on the brush border and basolateral membranes of enterocytes, and are essential for the uptake of AAs into enterocytes and their release into circulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of transcription of these genes after hatch in 3 regions of the small intestine, the ceca, and liver. Heritage broiler chicks (n=5) were sampled at day after hatch and days 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17, and 21 posthatch, and mRNA expression level was measured using absolute quantitation. The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) expressed the largest quantities of each gene tested. The expression in the ceca and liver was 1 to 3 orders of magnitude less than that of the small intestine. The expression of basolateral transporters in the small intestine was more constant over days posthatch than the expression of brush border transporters. In the ceca the expression of the brush border transporters decreased over the sampling period, while expression of basolateral genes was relatively constant. In the liver the expression of Na+ independent cationic and zwitterionic amino acid transporter (bo,+AT), Na+ independent cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT2), excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), and the heavy chain corresponding to the bo,+) system (rBAT) significantly decreased at 12 days posthatch; however, the expression of Na+ independent cationic and Na+ dependent neutral amino acid transporter 1 (y+LAT1), Na+ coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1; (SNAT1), and Na+ coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) significantly increased at day 5 posthatch compared to day 1 and these levels remained throughout the rest of the sampling period. The current results suggest that at 1 day posthatch chicks are capable of AA processing and transport in the intestine as well as the liver. Additionally the ability of the ceca in transporting AA from the lumen may decrease with age. The liver should be capable of amino acid transport, but its capabilities may be more specific since the expression of several transporters in this organ is either absent or very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Miska
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Raymond H Fetterer
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Eric A Wong
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Miska KB, Fetterer RH, Wong EA. The mRNA expression of amino acid transporters, aminopeptidase N, and the di- and tri-peptide transporter PepT1 in the embryo of the domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus) shows developmental regulation. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2262-70. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Effects of different ethanol-administration regimes on mRNA and protein levels of steroid 5α-reductase isozymes in prefrontal cortex of adolescent male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3273-80. [PMID: 24714925 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Underage drinking is a leading public health problem in developed countries. An increasing proportion of adolescents consume alcoholic beverages every weekend. Increased anxiety, irritability, and depression among adolescents may induce them to seek for the anxiolytic and rewarding properties of alcohol. Allopregnanolone (AlloP) shares rewarding effects of ethanol and modulates ethanol intake. The rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of AlloP is steroid 5α-reductase (5α-R), which is expressed as three isozymes, 5α-R1, 5α-R2, and 5α-R3. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify the expression levels of 5α-R isozymes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adolescent male rats after three different regimes of ethanol administration. METHODS Adolescent male Wistar rats were administered with ethanol (4 g/kg) or saline intraperitoneally for 1 day (acute), for 7 days (chronic), or every 72 h for 14 days (chronic intermittent). Messenger (m)RNA and protein levels of 5α-R isozymes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Ethanol significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of 5α-R1, 5α-R2, and 5α-R3 in the three different regimes of ethanol administration, being higher in the chronic intermittent regime in comparison with the others. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the AlloP-biosynthetic enzyme 5α-Rs increases in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent male rats under acute, chronic, and chronic intermittent regime of ethanol administration. The latter is very interesting because it mimics the teenage drinking behavior.
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Vidaña B, Martínez J, Martínez-Orellana P, García Migura L, Montoya M, Martorell J, Majó N. Heterogeneous pathological outcomes after experimental pH1N1 influenza infection in ferrets correlate with viral replication and host immune responses in the lung. Vet Res 2014; 45:85. [PMID: 25163545 PMCID: PMC4161856 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The swine-origin pandemic (p) H1N1 influenza A virus causes mild upper-respiratory tract disease in most human patients. However, some patients developed severe lower-respiratory tract infections with fatal consequences, and the cause of these infections remain unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that different populations have different degrees of susceptibility to pH1N1 strains due to host genetic variations that are associated with inappropriate immune responses against viral genetic characteristics. Here, we tested whether the pathologic patterns of influenza strains that produce different disease outcomes in humans could be reproduced in a ferret model. Our results revealed that the severities of infection did not correspond to particular viral isolate and were not associated with the clinical phenotypes of the corresponding patients. Severe pathological outcomes were associated with higher viral replication, especially in alveolar areas, and with an exacerbated innate cellular immune response that was characterised by substantial phagocytic and cytotoxic cell migration into the lungs. Moreover, detrimental innate cellular responses were linked to the up-regulation of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the down-regulation of IFNα in the lungs. Additionally, severe lung lesions were associated with greater up-regulations of pro-apoptotic markers and higher levels of apoptotic neutrophils and macrophages. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the clinicopathological outcomes of pH1N1 infection in ferrets were not only due to viral replication abilities but also depended on the hosts’ capacities to mount efficient immune responses to control viral infection of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vidaña
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Lourdes García Migura
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Martorell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Natàlia Majó
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain ; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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Knockdown of Burton’s tyrosine kinase confers potent protection against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1265-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sijmons S, Thys K, Corthout M, Van Damme E, Van Loock M, Bollen S, Baguet S, Aerssens J, Van Ranst M, Maes P. A method enabling high-throughput sequencing of human cytomegalovirus complete genomes from clinical isolates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95501. [PMID: 24755734 PMCID: PMC3995935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous virus that can cause serious sequelae in immunocompromised patients and in the developing fetus. The coding capacity of the 235 kbp genome is still incompletely understood, and there is a pressing need to characterize genomic contents in clinical isolates. In this study, a procedure for the high-throughput generation of full genome consensus sequences from clinical HCMV isolates is presented. This method relies on low number passaging of clinical isolates on human fibroblasts, followed by digestion of cellular DNA and purification of viral DNA. After multiple displacement amplification, highly pure viral DNA is generated. These extracts are suitable for high-throughput next-generation sequencing and assembly of consensus sequences. Throughout a series of validation experiments, we showed that the workflow reproducibly generated consensus sequences representative for the virus population present in the original clinical material. Additionally, the performance of 454 GS FLX and/or Illumina Genome Analyzer datasets in consensus sequence deduction was evaluated. Based on assembly performance data, the Illumina Genome Analyzer was the platform of choice in the presented workflow. Analysis of the consensus sequences derived in this study confirmed the presence of gene-disrupting mutations in clinical HCMV isolates independent from in vitro passaging. These mutations were identified in genes RL5A, UL1, UL9, UL111A and UL150. In conclusion, the presented workflow provides opportunities for high-throughput characterization of complete HCMV genomes that could deliver new insights into HCMV coding capacity and genetic determinants of viral tropism and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sijmons
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Kim Thys
- Janssen Infectious Diseases BVBA, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michaël Corthout
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Stefanie Bollen
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Baguet
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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