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Sadanandan J, Sathyanesan M, Newton SS. Aging alters the expression of trophic factors and tight junction proteins in the mouse choroid plexus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:77. [PMID: 39334352 PMCID: PMC11438291 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choroid plexus (CP) is an understudied tissue in the central nervous system and is primarily implicated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. CP also produces numerous neurotrophic factors (NTF) which circulate to different brain regions. Regulation of NTFs in the CP during natural aging is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the age and gender-specific transcription of NTFs along with the changes in the tight junctional proteins (TJPs) and the water channel protein Aquaporin (AQP1). METHODS Male and female mice were used for our study. Age-related transcriptional changes were analyzed using quantitative PCR at three different time points: mature adult, middle-aged, and aged. Transcriptional changes during aging were further confirmed with digital droplet PCR. Additionally, we used immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for the evaluation of in vivo protein expression. We further investigated the cellular phenotype of these NTFS, TJP, and water channel proteins in the mouse CP by co-labeling them with the classical vascular marker, Isolectin B4, and epithelial cell marker, Plectin. RESULTS Aging significantly altered NTF gene expression in the CP. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Midkine (MDK), VGF, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1), IGF2, Klotho (KL), Erythropoietin (EPO), and its receptor (EPOR) were reduced in the aged CP of males and females. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcription was gender-specific; in males, gene expression was unchanged in the aged CP, while females showed an age-dependent reduction. Age-dependent changes in VEGF localization were evident, from vasculature to epithelial cells. IGF2 and klotho localized in the basolateral membrane of the CP and showed an age-dependent reduction in epithelial cells. Water channel protein AQP1 localized in the tip of epithelial cells and showed an age-related reduction in mRNA and protein levels. TJP's JAM, CLAUDIN1, CLAUDIN2 and CLAUDIN5 were reduced in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights transcriptional level changes in the CP during aging. The age-related transcriptional changes exhibit similarities as well as gene-specific differences in the CP of males and females. Altered transcription of the water channel protein AQP1 and TJPs could be involved in reduced CSF production during aging. Importantly, reduction in the neurotrophic factors and longevity factor Klotho can play a role in regulating brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanarayanan Sadanandan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Monica Sathyanesan
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Samuel S Newton
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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Riaz MA, Kary FL, Jensen A, Zeppernick F, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. Long-Term Maintenance of Viable Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Analyze Estrogen and Progestin Effects. Cells 2024; 13:811. [PMID: 38786035 PMCID: PMC11120542 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There are fewer investigations conducted on human primary endometrial epithelial cells (HPEECs) compared to human primary endometrial stromal cells (HPESCs). One of the main reasons is the scarcity of protocols enabling prolonged epithelial cell culture. Even though it is possible to culture HPEECs in 3D over a longer period of time, it is technically demanding. In this study, we successfully established a highly pure, stable, and long-term viable human conditionally reprogrammed endometrial epithelial cell line, designated as eCRC560. These cells stained positive for epithelial markers, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and epithelial cell-cell contacts but negative for stromal and endothelial cell markers. Estradiol (ES) reduced the abundance of ZO-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, in contrast to the dose-dependent increase with the progestin dienogest (DNG) when co-cultured with HPESCs. Moreover, ES significantly increased cell viability, cell migration, and invasion of the eCRC560 cells; all these effects were inhibited by pretreatment with DNG. DNG withdrawal led to a significantly disrupted monolayer of eCRC560 cells in co-culture with HPESCs, yet it markedly increased the adhesion of eCRC560 to the human mesothelial MeT-5A cells. The long-term viable eCRC560 cells are suitable for in vitro analysis of HPEECs to study the epithelial compartment of the human endometrium and endometrial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Assad Riaz
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Franziska Louisa Kary
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Alexandra Jensen
- Institute of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Clinic Fulda, 36043 Fulda, Germany;
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
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Sadanandan J, Sathyanesan M, Newton SS. Regulation of trophic factors in the choroid plexus of aged mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4123786. [PMID: 38562722 PMCID: PMC10984084 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4123786/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The choroid plexus (CP) is an understudied tissue in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily implicated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Additionally, CP produces numerous neurotrophic factors (NTF), which circulate to different regions of the brain. Regulation of NTF in the CP during natural aging has yet to be discovered. Here, we investigated the age and gender-specific transcription of NTFs along with the changes in the tight junctional proteins (TJPs) and water channel protein Aquaporin (AQP1). Methods We used male and female mice for our study. We analyzed neurotrophic factor gene expression patterns using quantitative and digital droplet PCR at three different time points: mature adult, middle-aged, and aged. Additionally, we used immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) to evaluate in vivo protein expression. We further investigated the cellular phenotype of these NTFS, TJP and water channel proteins in the mouse CP by co-labeling them with the classical vascular marker, Isolectin B4, and epithelial cell marker, plectin. Results Aging significantly altered the NTF's gene expression in the CP Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Midkine, VGF, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1), IGF2, klotho, Erythropoietin, and its receptor were reduced in the aged CP of males and females. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcription was gender-specific; in males, gene expression is unchanged in the aged CP while females showed an age-dependent reduction. Age-dependent changes in VEGF localization were evident, from vasculature to epithelial cells. IGF2 and klotho localized in the basolateral membrane of the CP and showed an age-dependent reduction in epithelial cells. Water channel protein AQP1 localized in the tip of epithelial cells and showed an age-related reduction in mRNA and protein levels. TJP's JAM, CLAUDIN1, CLAUDIN2, and CLAUDIN5 were reduced in aged mice. Conclusions Our study highlights transcriptional level changes in the CP during aging. The age-related transcriptional changes exhibit similarities as well as gene-specific differences in the CP of males and females. Altered transcription of the water channel protein AQP1 and TJPs could be involved in reduced CSF production during aging. Importantly, reduction in the neurotrophic factors and longevity factor Klotho can play a role in regulating brain aging.
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Zhang J, Ren X, Wang S, Liu R, Shi B, Dong H, Wu Q. Microbial interventions in yak colibacillosis: Lactobacillus-mediated regulation of intestinal barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1337439. [PMID: 38390621 PMCID: PMC10883308 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1337439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The etiology of Escherichia coli in yaks, along with its drug resistance, results in economic losses within the yak breeding industry. The utilization of lactic acid bacteria treatment has emerged as a viable alternative to antibiotics in managing colibacillosis. Methods To elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of Lactobacillus against Escherichia coli-induced intestinal barrier damage in yaks, we employed yak epithelial cells as the experimental model and established a monolayer epithelial barrier using Transwell. The study encompassed four groups: a control group, a model group (exposed to E. coli O78), a low-dose Lactobacillus group (E. coli O78 + 1 × 105CFU LAB), and a high-dose Lactobacillus group (E. coli O78 + 1 × 107CFU LAB). Various techniques, including transmembrane resistance measurement, CFU counting, RT-qPCR, and Western Blot, were employed to assess indicators related to cell barrier permeability and tight junction integrity. Results In the Model group, Escherichia coli O78 significantly compromised the permeability and tight junction integrity of the yak epithelial barrier. It resulted in decreased transmembrane resistance, elevated FD4 flux, and bacterial translocation. Furthermore, it downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of MUC2, Occludin, and ZO-1, while upregulating the mRNA expression and protein expression of FABP2 and Zonulin, thereby impairing intestinal barrier function. Contrastingly, Lactobacillus exhibited a remarkable protective effect. It substantially increased transmembrane resistance, mitigated FD4 flux, and reduced bacterial translocation. Moreover, it significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of MUC2, Occludin, and ZO-1, while downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of FABP2 and Zonulin. Notably, high-dose LAB demonstrated superior regulatory effects compared to the low-dose LAB group. Discussion In conclusion, our findings suggest that Lactobacillus holds promise in treating yak colibacillosis by enhancing mucin and tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, we propose that Lactobacillus achieves these effects through the regulation of Zonulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Bin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Qingxia Wu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
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Park A, Choi S, Do J, Kim Y, Kim KS, Koh E, Park KS. ZO-1 regulates the migration of mesenchymal stem cells in cooperation with α-catenin in response to breast tumor cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38212369 PMCID: PMC10784548 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited from the bone marrow into breast tumors, contributing to the creation of a tumor microenvironment that fosters tropism for breast tumors. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the recruitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the breast tumor microenvironment are still under investigation. Our discoveries identified zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) as a specific intrinsic molecule that plays a vital role in mediating the collective migration of MSCs towards breast tumor cells and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which is a crucial factor secreted by breast tumor cells. Upon migration in response to MDA-MB-231 cells and TGF-β, MSCs showed increased formation of adherens junction-like structures (AJs) expressing N-cadherin and α-catenin at their cell-cell contacts. ZO-1 was found to be recruited into the AJs at the cell-cell contacts between MSCs. Additionally, ZO-1 collaborated with α-catenin to regulate AJ formation, dependently on the SH3 and GUK domains of the ZO-1 protein. ZO-1 knockdown led to the impaired migration of MSCs in response to the stimuli and subsequent downregulation of AJs formation at the cell-cell contacts during MSCs migration. Overall, our study highlights the novel role of ZO-1 in guiding MSC migration towards breast tumor cells, suggesting its potential as a new strategy for controlling and re-engineering the breast tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jungbeom Do
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Eunjin Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Alluri H, Peddaboina CS, Tharakan B. Evaluation of Tight Junction Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:257-262. [PMID: 37776464 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic microvascular barrier that protects the brain parenchyma from the entry of pathogens, toxins, and other macromolecules and is a critical structure that helps to maintain brain homeostasis. The BBB is formed mainly by brain capillary endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes and pericytes. One of the primary properties of the BBB is a tight regulation of paracellular permeability due to the presence of tight junctional complexes (also, adherens and gap junctions) between the neighboring microvascular endothelial cells. Alterations in the assembly of the tight junctions impair BBB properties, particularly influenced barrier integrity and permeability. The tight junctions of the BBB are mainly composed of proteins including claudins, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Zonula occludens-1 binds to the actin cytoskeleton, and its localization provides valuable information on the status of BBB integrity and permeability. Immunofluorescence localization of ZO-1 and/or other tight junction proteins is a reliable indicator of barrier integrity and permeability in microvascular endothelial cells. In microvascular endothelial cells, f-actin stress fiber formation significantly influences the rate and size of the inter-endothelial cell gap that form as cells retract from their borders. Rhodamine phalloidin is a popular conjugate used as a fluorescent label for f-actin. Herein, we describe the procedures for ZO-1 immunofluorescence and f-actin labeling followed by confocal microscopic imaging to determine barrier integrity and tight junction organization in brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Michel JC, Grivette MMB, Harshfield AT, Huynh L, Komons AP, Loomis B, McKinnis K, Miller BT, Nguyen EQ, Huang TW, Lauf S, Michel ES, Michel ME, Kissinger JS, Marsh AJ, Crow WE, Kaye LE, Lasseigne AM, Lukowicz-Bedford RM, Farnsworth DR, Martin EA, Miller AC. Electrical synapse structure requires distinct isoforms of a postsynaptic scaffold. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011045. [PMID: 38011265 PMCID: PMC10703405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical synapses are neuronal gap junction (GJ) channels associated with a macromolecular complex called the electrical synapse density (ESD), which regulates development and dynamically modifies electrical transmission. However, the proteomic makeup and molecular mechanisms utilized by the ESD that direct electrical synapse formation are not well understood. Using the Mauthner cell of zebrafish as a model, we previously found that the intracellular scaffolding protein ZO1b is a member of the ESD, localizing postsynaptically, where it is required for GJ channel localization, electrical communication, neural network function, and behavior. Here, we show that the complexity of the ESD is further diversified by the genomic structure of the ZO1b gene locus. The ZO1b gene is alternatively initiated at three transcriptional start sites resulting in isoforms with unique N-termini that we call ZO1b-Alpha, -Beta, and -Gamma. We demonstrate that ZO1b-Beta and ZO1b-Gamma are broadly expressed throughout the nervous system and localize to electrical synapses. By contrast, ZO1b-Alpha is expressed mainly non-neuronally and is not found at synapses. We generate mutants in all individual isoforms, as well as double mutant combinations in cis on individual chromosomes, and find that ZO1b-Beta is necessary and sufficient for robust GJ channel localization. ZO1b-Gamma, despite its localization to the synapse, plays an auxiliary role in channel localization. This study expands the notion of molecular complexity at the ESD, revealing that an individual genomic locus can contribute distinct isoforms to the macromolecular complex at electrical synapses. Further, independent scaffold isoforms have differential contributions to developmental assembly of the interneuronal GJ channels. We propose that ESD molecular complexity arises both from the diversity of unique genes and from distinct isoforms encoded by single genes. Overall, ESD proteomic diversity is expected to have critical impacts on the development, structure, function, and plasticity of electrical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Carlisle Michel
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. B. Grivette
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Amber T. Harshfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lisa Huynh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ava P. Komons
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bradley Loomis
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kaitlan McKinnis
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brennen T. Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ethan Q. Nguyen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Tiffany W. Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sophia Lauf
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Elias S. Michel
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mia E. Michel
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jane S. Kissinger
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Audrey J. Marsh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William E. Crow
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lila E. Kaye
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Abagael M. Lasseigne
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Lukowicz-Bedford
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Dylan R. Farnsworth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - E. Anne Martin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Adam C. Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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Imafuku K, Iwata H, Natsuga K, Okumura M, Kobayashi Y, Kitahata H, Kubo A, Nagayama M, Ujiie H. Zonula occludens-1 distribution and barrier functions are affected by epithelial proliferation and turnover rates. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13441. [PMID: 36919255 PMCID: PMC10472521 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a scaffolding protein of tight junctions, which seal adjacent epithelial cells, that is also expressed in adherens junctions. The distribution pattern of ZO-1 differs among stratified squamous epithelia, including that between skin and oral buccal mucosa. However, the causes for this difference, and the mechanisms underlying ZO-1 spatial regulation, have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that epithelial turnover and proliferation are associated with ZO-1 distribution in squamous epithelia. We tried to verify the regulation of ZO-1 by comparing normal skin and psoriasis, known as inflammatory skin disease with rapid turnover. We as well compared buccal mucosa and oral lichen planus, known as an inflammatory oral disease with a longer turnover interval. The imiquimod (IMQ) mouse model, often used as a psoriasis model, can promote cell proliferation. On the contrary, we peritoneally injected mice mitomycin C, which reduces cell proliferation. We examined whether IMQ and mitomycin C cause changes in the distribution and appearance of ZO-1. Human samples and mouse pharmacological models revealed that slower epithelial turnover/proliferation led to the confinement of ZO-1 to the uppermost part of squamous epithelia. In contrast, ZO-1 was widely distributed under conditions of faster cell turnover/proliferation. Cell culture experiments and mathematical modelling corroborated these ZO-1 distribution patterns. These findings demonstrate that ZO-1 distribution is affected by epithelial cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of DermatologyGifu University Graduate School of MedicineGifuJapan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Makoto Okumura
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal RelatedKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- Department of DermatologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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9
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Wang LM, Jia K, Li ZF, Qi HY, Liu DX, Liang YJ, Hao SL, Tan FQ, Yang WX. TiO 2 nanoparticles affect spermatogenesis and adhesion junctions via the ROS-mediated mTOR signalling pathway in Eriocheir sinensis testes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121952. [PMID: 37270048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings found that TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have male reproductive toxicity. However, few reports have studied the toxicity of TiO2-NPs in crustaceans. In this study, we first chose the freshwater crustacean Eriocheir sinensis (E. sinensis) to explore the male toxicity of TiO2-NP exposure and the underlying mechanisms. Three nm and 25 nm TiO2-NPs at a dose of 30 mg/kg bw induced apoptosis and damaged the integrity of the haemolymph-testis-barrier (HTB, a structure similar to the blood-testis-barrier) and the structure of the seminiferous tubule. The 3-nm TiO2-NPs caused more severe spermatogenesis dysfunction than the 25-nm TiO2-NPs. We initially confirmed that TiO2-NP exposure affected the expression patterns of adherens junctions (α-catenin and β-catenin) and induced tubulin disorganization in the testis of E. sinensis. TiO2-NP exposure caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an imbalance of mTORC1-mTORC2 (mTORC1/rps6/Akt levels were increased, while mTORC2 activity was not changed). After using the ROS scavenger NAC to inhibit ROS generation, both the mTORC1-mTORC2 imbalance and alterations in AJs were rescued. More importantly, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin abolished mTORC1/rps6/Akt hyperactivation and partially restored the alterations in AJs and tubulin. Collectively, the mTORC1-mTORC2 imbalance induced by TiO2-NPs was involved in the mechanism of AJ and HTB disruption, resulting in spermatogenesis in E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Min Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Jia
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Qi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding-Xi Liu
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Nakashima M, Goda N, Tenno T, Kotake A, Inotsume Y, Amaya M, Hiroaki H. Pharmacologic Comparison of High-Dose Hesperetin and Quercetin on MDCK II Cell Viability, Tight Junction Integrity, and Cell Shape. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040952. [PMID: 37107328 PMCID: PMC10135814 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of tight junction (TJ) integrity with small molecules is important for drug delivery. High-dose baicalin (BLI), baicalein (BLE), quercetin (QUE), and hesperetin (HST) have been shown to open TJs in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells, but the mechanisms for HST and QUE remain unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of HST and QUE on cell proliferation, morphological changes, and TJ integrity. HST and QUE were found to have opposing effects on the MDCK II cell viability, promotion, and suppression, respectively. Only QUE, but not HST, induced a morphological change in MDCK II into a slenderer cell shape. Both HST and QUE downregulated the subcellular localization of claudin (CLD)-2. However, only QUE, but not HST, downregulated CLD-2 expression. Conversely, only HST was shown to directly bind to the first PDZ domain of ZO-1, a key molecule to promote TJ biogenesis. The TGFβ pathway partially contributed to the HST-induced cell proliferation, since SB431541 ameliorated the effect. In contrast, the MEK pathway was not involved by both the flavonoids, since U0126 did not revert their TJ-opening effect. The results offer insight for using HST or QUE as naturally occurring absorption enhancers through the paracellular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Nakashima
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Natsuko Goda
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tenno
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- BeCerllBar, LLC, Business Incubation Building, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kotake
- Cosmetics Research Department, Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd., Fukui 910-8670, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuko Inotsume
- Cosmetics Research Department, Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd., Fukui 910-8670, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minako Amaya
- Cosmetics Research Department, Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd., Fukui 910-8670, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiroaki
- Laboratory of Structural Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- BeCerllBar, LLC, Business Incubation Building, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Yanagito, Gifu 501-1112, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Jia R, Wei M, Zhang X, Du R, Sun W, Wang L, Song L. Pyroptosis participates in PM 2.5-induced air-blood barrier dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60987-60997. [PMID: 35435555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matters with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) play an important role in inducing and promoting respiratory diseases, but its underlying mechanism remains to be explored. The air-blood barrier, also known as the alveolar-capillary barrier, is the key element of the lung, working as the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between pulmonary vasculatures. In this study, a mouse PM2.5 exposure model was established, which leads to an induced lung injury and air-blood barrier disruption. Oxidative stress and pyroptosis were observed in this process. After reducing the oxidative stress by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment, the air-blood barrier function was improved and the effect of PM2.5 was alleviated. The level of pyroptosis and related pathway were also effectively relieved. These results indicate that acute PM2.5 exposure can cause lung injury and the alveolar-capillary barrier disruption by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the participation of pyroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Jia
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116044
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Min Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116044
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116044
| | - Rui Du
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116044
| | - Wenping Sun
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116044
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116023
| | - Laiyu Song
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, 116044.
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12
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Excoffon KJDA, Avila CL, Alghamri MS, Kolawole AO. The magic of MAGI-1: A scaffolding protein with multi signalosomes and functional plasticity. Biol Cell 2022; 114:185-198. [PMID: 35389514 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAGI-1 is a critical cellular scaffolding protein with over 110 different cellular and microbial protein interactors. Since the discovery of MAGI-1 in 1997, MAGI-1 has been implicated in diverse cellular functions such as polarity, cell-cell communication, neurological processes, kidney function, and a host of diseases including cancer and microbial infection. Additionally, MAGI-1 has undergone nomenclature changes in response to the discovery of an additional PDZ domain, leading to lack of continuity in the literature. We address the nomenclature of MAGI-1 as well as summarize many of the critical functions of the known interactions. Given the importance of many of the interactors, such as human papillomavirus E6, the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), and PTEN, the enhancement or disruption of MAGI-based interactions has the potential to affect cellular functions that can potentially be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina L Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Abimbola O Kolawole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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13
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Moonwiriyakit A, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Steinhagen PR, Chantawichitwong P, Satianrapapong W, Pongkorpsakol P. Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2077620. [PMID: 35621376 PMCID: PMC10161963 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal tight junctions that seal the paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport of hostile luminal contents. Tight junctions can form both an absolute barrier and a paracellular ion channel. Although defective tight junctions potentially lead to compromised intestinal barrier and the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies that recover the epithelial tight junction barrier are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss the impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tight junction disruption in the gut and related diseases. We also provide an overview of potential therapeutic targets to restore the epithelial tight junction barrier in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Peter R Steinhagen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Ni DQ, Ma DD, Hao SL, Yang WX, Kovacs T, Tan FQ. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles perturb the blood-testis barrier via disruption of actin-based cell adhesive function. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25440-25452. [PMID: 34904960 PMCID: PMC8714145 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most commonly used nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used as coating reagents in cosmetics, medicine and other industries. The increasing risk of exposure to TiO2-NPs raises concerns about their safety. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which TiO2-NPs cross the blood-testis barrier (BTB). TM-4 cells were selected as an in vitro Sertoli cell model of BTB. Cell viability, cell morphological changes, apoptosis, oxidative damage, and the expression levels of actin regulatory and tight junction (TJ) proteins were assessed in TM-4 cells treated with 3-nm and 24-nm TiO2-NPs. Cells treated with 3-nm TiO2-NPs exhibited increased cytotoxicity and decreased Annexin II expression, whereas cells treated with 24-nm TiO2-NPs exhibited increased Arp 3 and c-Src expression. Both TiO2-NPs induced significant oxidative stress, decreased the expression of TJ proteins (occludin, ZO-1 and claudin 5), damaged the TJ structure, and exhibited enlarged gaps between TM-4 cells. Our results indicated that both TiO2-NPs crossed the BTB by disrupting actin-based adhesive junctions of TM-4 cells; however, apoptosis was not observed. Our results provide new insights into how TiO2-NPs cross the BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qi Ni
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ma
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecens, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Barrier Impairment and Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Diseases: The Pediatric Perspective. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121165. [PMID: 34943362 PMCID: PMC8700706 DOI: 10.3390/children8121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a global burden. Although the patho-physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood, epithelial barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammatory response play a pivotal role. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by a loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and altered innate defence, underpins the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Epithelial barrier impairment may be a potential therapeutic target for new treatment strategies Up now, monoclonal antibodies and new molecules targeting specific pathways of the immune response have been developed, and others are under investigation, both for adult and paediatric populations, which are affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In children affected by severe asthma biologics targeting IgE, IL-5 and against IL-4 and IL-13 receptors are already available, and they have also been applied in CRSwNP. In severe AD Dupilumab, a biologic which inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13, the most important cytokines involved in inflammation response, has been approved for treatment of patients over 12 years. While a biological approach has already shown great efficacy on the treatment of severe atopic conditions, early intervention to restore epithelial barrier integrity, and function may prevent the inflammatory response and the development of the atopic march.
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16
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Alizadeh A, Akbari P, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J, Braber S. Epithelial integrity, junctional complexes, and biomarkers associated with intestinal functions. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1996830. [PMID: 34719339 PMCID: PMC9359365 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1996830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An intact intestinal barrier is crucial for immune homeostasis and its impairment activates the immune system and may result in chronic inflammation. The epithelial cells of the intestinal barrier are connected by tight junctions, which form an anastomosing network sealing adjacent epithelial cells. Tight junctions are composed of transmembrane and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. Transmembrane tight junction proteins at the apical-lateral membrane of the cell consist of occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and tricellulin. Cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, including zonula occludens, cingulin and afadin, provide a direct link between transmembrane tight junction proteins and the intracellular cytoskeleton. Each individual component of the tight junction network closely interacts with each other to form an efficient intestinal barrier. This review aims to describe the molecular structure of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins and to characterize their organization and interaction. Moreover, clinically important biomarkers associated with impairment of gastrointestinal integrity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Peyman Akbari
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Panwar S, Sharma S, Tripathi P. Role of Barrier Integrity and Dysfunctions in Maintaining the Healthy Gut and Their Health Outcomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715611. [PMID: 34630140 PMCID: PMC8497706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surface layers are the critical borders throughout epithelial membranes. These epithelial cells segregate luminal material from external environments. However, mucosal linings are also accountable for absorbing nutrients and requiring specific barrier permeability. These functional acts positioned the mucosal epithelium at the epicenter of communications concerning the mucosal immune coordination and foreign materials, such as dietary antigens and microbial metabolites. Current innovations have revealed that external stimuli can trigger several mechanisms regulated by intestinal mucosal barrier system. Crucial constituents of this epithelial boundary are physical intercellular structures known as tight junctions (TJs). TJs are composed of different types transmembrane proteins linked with cytoplasmic adaptors which helps in attachment to the adjacent cells. Disruption of this barrier has direct influence on healthy or diseased condition, as barrier dysfunctions have been interrelated with the initiation of inflammation, and pathogenic effects following metabolic complications. In this review we focus and overview the TJs structure, function and the diseases which are able to influence TJs during onset of disease. We also highlighted and discuss the role of phytochemicals evidenced to enhance the membrane permeability and integrity through restoring TJs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Panwar
- Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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18
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Buchheit KM, Lewis E, Gakpo D, Hacker J, Sohail A, Taliaferro F, Berreondo Giron E, Asare C, Vukovic M, Bensko JC, Dwyer DF, Shalek AK, Ordovas-Montanes J, Laidlaw TM. Mepolizumab targets multiple immune cells in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:574-584. [PMID: 34144111 PMCID: PMC9096876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic asthma and nasal polyposis are hallmarks of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and IL-5 inhibition has been shown to provide therapeutic benefit. However, IL-5Rα is expressed on many cells in addition to eosinophils, and the mechanisms by which IL-5 inhibition leads to clinical benefit in eosinophilic asthma and nasal polyposis are unlikely to be due exclusively to antieosinophil effects. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the mechanisms by which anti-IL-5 treatment with mepolizumab improves respiratory inflammation in AERD. METHODS The clinical characteristics, circulating granulocytes, nasal scraping transcripts, eosinophilic cationic protein, tryptase, and antibody levels, and urinary and nasal eicosanoid levels were measured for 18 subjects with AERD who were taking mepolizumab and compared with those of 18 matched subjects with AERD who were not taking mepolizumab. RESULTS Subjects taking mepolizumab had significantly fewer peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils, and those cells that remained had higher surface CRTH2 expression than did the cells from subjects not taking mepolizumab. Nasal prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin D2 metabolites, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane levels were lower in subjects taking mepolizumab, as were urinary levels of tetranor-prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene E4. The nasal epithelial cell transcripts that were overexpressed among subjects with AERD who were taking mepolizumab were enriched for genes involved in tight junction formation and cilium organization. Nasal and urinary prostaglandin E2, tryptase, and antibody levels were not different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION IL-5 inhibition in AERD decreases production of inflammatory eicosanoids and upregulates tight junction-associated nasal epithelial cell transcripts, likely due to decreased IL-5 signaling on tissue mast cells, eosinophils, and epithelial cells. These direct effects on multiple relevant immune cells contribute to the mechanism of benefit afforded by mepolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Buchheit
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Erin Lewis
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Deborah Gakpo
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Jonathan Hacker
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Aaqib Sohail
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Faith Taliaferro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
| | | | - Chelsea Asare
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Marko Vukovic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Jillian C Bensko
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Mass; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
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19
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Molecular characterization of direct interactions between MPP1 and flotillins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14751. [PMID: 34285255 PMCID: PMC8292550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillins are the major structural proteins in erythroid raft domains. We have shown previously that the dynamic nanoscale organization of raft domains in erythroid cells may depend on flotillin-MPP1 interactions. Here, by using molecular dynamic simulations and a surface plasmon resonance-based approach we determined that high-affinity complexes of MPP1 and flotillins are formed via a so far unidentified region within the D5 domain of MPP1. Significantly, this particular “flotillin binding motif” is of key physiological importance, as overexpression of peptides containing this motif inhibited endogenous MPP1-flotillin interaction in erythroid precursor cells, thereby causing lateral disorganization of raft domains. This was reflected by both reduction in the plasma membrane order and markedly decreased activation of signal transduction via the raft-dependent insulin receptor pathway. Our data highlight new molecular details concerning the mechanism whereby MPP1 functionally links flotillins to exert their physiological role in raft domain formation.
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20
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MAGI1, a Scaffold Protein with Tumor Suppressive and Vascular Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061494. [PMID: 34198584 PMCID: PMC8231924 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGI1 is a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein initially identified as a component of cell-to-cell contacts stabilizing cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Clinical-pathological and experimental evidence indicates that MAGI1 expression is decreased in some inflammatory diseases, and also in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, cervical, breast, brain, and gastric cancers and appears to act as a tumor suppressor, modulating the activity of oncogenic pathways such as the PI3K/AKT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Genomic mutations and other mechanisms such as mechanical stress or inflammation have been described to regulate MAGI1 expression. Intriguingly, in breast and colorectal cancers, MAGI1 expression is induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), suggesting a role in mediating the tumor suppressive activity of NSAIDs. More recently, MAGI1 was found to localize at mature focal adhesion and to regulate integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we review MAGI1′s role as scaffolding protein, recent developments in the understanding of MAGI1 function as tumor suppressor gene, its role in endothelial cells and its implication in cancer and vascular biology. We also discuss outstanding questions about its regulation and potential translational implications in oncology.
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21
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Lasseigne AM, Echeverry FA, Ijaz S, Michel JC, Martin EA, Marsh AJ, Trujillo E, Marsden KC, Pereda AE, Miller AC. Electrical synaptic transmission requires a postsynaptic scaffolding protein. eLife 2021; 10:e66898. [PMID: 33908867 PMCID: PMC8081524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical synaptic transmission relies on neuronal gap junctions containing channels constructed by Connexins. While at chemical synapses neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are critically supported by scaffolding proteins, it is unknown if channels at electrical synapses require similar scaffold support. Here, we investigated the functional relationship between neuronal Connexins and Zonula Occludens 1 (ZO1), an intracellular scaffolding protein localized to electrical synapses. Using model electrical synapses in zebrafish Mauthner cells, we demonstrated that ZO1 is required for robust synaptic Connexin localization, but Connexins are dispensable for ZO1 localization. Disrupting this hierarchical ZO1/Connexin relationship abolishes electrical transmission and disrupts Mauthner cell-initiated escape responses. We found that ZO1 is asymmetrically localized exclusively postsynaptically at neuronal contacts where it functions to assemble intercellular channels. Thus, forming functional neuronal gap junctions requires a postsynaptic scaffolding protein. The critical function of a scaffolding molecule reveals an unanticipated complexity of molecular and functional organization at electrical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Sundas Ijaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | | | - E Anne Martin
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Audrey J Marsh
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Elisa Trujillo
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
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22
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Anney P, Thériault M, Proulx S. Hydrodynamic forces influence the gene transcription of mechanosensitive intercellular junction associated genes in corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108532. [PMID: 33684456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanicals forces are known to influence cell behavior. In vivo, the corneal endothelium is under the influence of various mechanical forces, such as intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluid flow. In this study, we used a corneal bioreactor to understand the effect of these hydrodynamic forces on the transcription of intercellular junctions associated genes in the corneal endothelium. Native and tissue-engineered (TE) corneal endothelium were cultured in a corneal bioreactor for 7 days with 16 mmHg IOP and 5 μl/ml of medium flow. RNA was harvested, and gene expression was quantified. Cells that were used to reconstruct the TE corneal endothelia were also seeded on plastic to characterize their morphology by calculating their circularity index. For native endothelia, hydrodynamic forces increased gene expression of GJA1 (connexin 43), CDH2 (N-cadherin), TJP1 (ZO-1), ITGAV (integrin subunit αv), ITGB5 (integrin subunit β5) and CTNND1 (p120-ctn) by 1.68 ± 0.40, 1.10 ± 0.27, 3.80 ± 0.56, 1.82 ± 0.33, 1.32 ± 0.21 and 3.04 ± 0.63, respectively. For TE corneal endothelium, this fold change was 1.72 ± 0.31, 1.58 ± 0.41, 6.18 ± 1.03, 1.80 ± 0.71, 1.77 ± 0.55, 2.42 ± 0.71. Furthermore, gene transcription fold changes (hydrodynamic/control) increased linearly with TE corneal endothelium cells population morphology with r = 0.83 for TJP1 (ZO-1) and r = 0.58 for CTNND1 (p120-ctn). In fact, the more elongated the cells populations were, the greater hydrodynamic conditions increased the transcription of TJP1 (ZO-1) and CTNND1 (p120-ctn). These results suggest that hydrodynamic forces contribute to the maintenance of tight and adherens junctions of native corneal endothelial cells, as well as to the formation of tight and adherens junctions of corneal endothelial cells that are in the process of forming a functional endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princia Anney
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département, d'ophtalmologie et ORL-CCF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Thériault
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département, d'ophtalmologie et ORL-CCF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Role of PDZ-binding motif from West Nile virus NS5 protein on viral replication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3266. [PMID: 33547379 PMCID: PMC7865074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a Flavivirus, which can cause febrile illness in humans that may progress to encephalitis. Like any other obligate intracellular pathogens, Flaviviruses hijack cellular protein functions as a strategy for sustaining their life cycle. Many cellular proteins display globular domain known as PDZ domain that interacts with PDZ-Binding Motifs (PBM) identified in many viral proteins. Thus, cellular PDZ-containing proteins are common targets during viral infection. The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) from WNV provides both RNA cap methyltransferase and RNA polymerase activities and is involved in viral replication but its interactions with host proteins remain poorly known. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-terminal PBM of WNV NS5 recognizes several human PDZ-containing proteins using both in vitro and in cellulo high-throughput methods. Furthermore, we constructed and assayed in cell culture WNV replicons where the PBM within NS5 was mutated. Our results demonstrate that the PBM of WNV NS5 is important in WNV replication. Moreover, we show that knockdown of the PDZ-containing proteins TJP1, PARD3, ARHGAP21 or SHANK2 results in the decrease of WNV replication in cells. Altogether, our data reveal that interactions between the PBM of NS5 and PDZ-containing proteins affect West Nile virus replication.
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Torices S, Roberts SA, Park M, Malhotra A, Toborek M. Occludin, caveolin-1, and Alix form a multi-protein complex and regulate HIV-1 infection of brain pericytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:16319-16332. [PMID: 33058236 PMCID: PMC7686148 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001562r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 enters the brain by altering properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence indicates that among cells of the BBB, pericytes are prone to HIV-1 infection. Occludin (ocln) and caveolin-1 (cav-1) are critical determinants of BBB integrity that can regulate barrier properties of the BBB in response to HIV-1 infection. Additionally, Alix is an early acting endosomal factor involved in HIV-1 budding from the cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of cav-1, ocln, and Alix in HIV-1 infection of brain pericytes. Our results indicated that cav-1, ocln, and Alix form a multi-protein complex in which they cross-regulate each other's expression. Importantly, the stability of this complex was affected by HIV-1 infection. Modifications of the complex resulted in diminished HIV-1 infection and alterations of the cytokine profile produced by brain pericytes. These results identify a novel mechanism involved in HIV-1 infection contributing to a better understanding of the HIV-1 pathology and the associated neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Samantha A. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Arun Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
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25
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Wu J, Lai X, Cui G, Chen Q, Liu J, Kang Y, Zhang Y, Feng X, Hu C, Shao L. Dual effects of JNK activation in blood-milk barrier damage induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122809. [PMID: 32937690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been extensively applied in our daily life. Humans are at high risk of being exposed to ZnO-NPs, which induce potentially adverse health effects. Although a growing number of studies have investigated the toxic effects of ZnO-NPs, the available data concerning ZnO-NP interactions with the blood-milk barrier (BMB) remain highly limited. Herein, we systematically investigated the damage to BMB integrity induced by ZnO-NPs and the mechanisms involved. ZnO-NPs that were intravenously injected into lactating dams accumulated in the mammary gland and entered into the breast milk, inducing disruption to BMB integrity and changes in the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) components. Furthermore, using an in vitro BMB model composed of EpH4-Ev cells, we verified that ZnO-NP-triggered ROS generation and the activation of MKK4 and JNK are the main mechanism of cell-cell junction damage. More interestingly, JNK activation played different roles in inducing changes in the TJ and AJ complex, and these effects did not need to activate the downstream c-Jun. These data provide more information for understanding ZnO-NP interactions with the BMB and raise concern for the daily use and the intravenous use of ZnO-NPs by lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guangman Cui
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiyue Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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26
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Rudraraju M, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. Regulation of blood-retinal barrier cell-junctions in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105115. [PMID: 32750417 PMCID: PMC7755666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity and subsequent damage to the neurovascular unit in the retina are the underlying reasons for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Damage to BRB eventually leads to severe visual impairment in the absence of prompt intervention. Diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR are the advanced stages of the disease where BRB integrity is altered. Primary mechanisms contributing to BRB dysfunction include loss of cell-cell barrier junctions, vascular endothelial growth factor, advanced glycation end products-induced damage, and oxidative stress. Although much is known about the involvement of adherens and tight-junction proteins in the regulation of vascular permeability in various diseases, there is a significant gap in our knowledge on the junctional proteins expressed in the BRB and how BRB function is modulated in the diabetic retina. In this review article, we present our current understanding of the molecular composition of BRB, the changes in the BRB junctional protein turnover in DR, and how BRB functional modulation affects vascular permeability and macular edema in the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Rudraraju
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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27
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Saba LM, Hoffman PL, Homanics GE, Mahaffey S, Daulatabad SV, Janga SC, Tabakoff B. A long non-coding RNA (Lrap) modulates brain gene expression and levels of alcohol consumption in rats. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12698. [PMID: 32893479 PMCID: PMC7900948 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs are important regulators of quantitative and qualitative features of the transcriptome. We have used QTL and other statistical analyses to identify a gene coexpression module associated with alcohol consumption. The "hub gene" of this module, Lrap (Long non-coding RNA for alcohol preference), was an unannotated transcript resembling a lncRNA. We used partial correlation analyses to establish that Lrap is a major contributor to the integrity of the coexpression module. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we disrupted an exon of Lrap in Wistar rats. Measures of alcohol consumption in wild type, heterozygous and knockout rats showed that disruption of Lrap produced increases in alcohol consumption/alcohol preference. The disruption of Lrap also produced changes in expression of over 700 other transcripts. Furthermore, it became apparent that Lrap may have a function in alternative splicing of the affected transcripts. The GO category of "Response to Ethanol" emerged as one of the top candidates in an enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts. We validate the role of Lrap as a mediator of alcohol consumption by rats, and also implicate Lrap as a modifier of the expression and splicing of a large number of brain transcripts. A defined subset of these transcripts significantly impacts alcohol consumption by rats (and possibly humans). Our work shows the pleiotropic nature of non-coding elements of the genome, the power of network analysis in identifying the critical elements influencing phenotypes, and the fact that not all changes produced by genetic editing are critical for the concomitant changes in phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paula L Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Spencer Mahaffey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Swapna Vidhur Daulatabad
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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28
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Ni H, Ji D, Huang Z, Li J. SMAGP knockdown inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108628. [PMID: 33049294 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small trans-membrane and glycosylated protein (SMAGP), a novel small trans-membrane glycoprotein, is reported to be upregulated in multiple cancers and involved in tumor development. However, little is known about its role in the development of glioblastoma (GBM). GEPIA database was used to analyze SMAGP expression and evaluate the prognostic value of SMAGP in GBM. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological functions and pathways of SMAGP and 948 SMAGP-correlated genes using DAVID database. Cell viability, colony formation ability, apoptosis, and invasion were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of SMAGP, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 and analyze the changes of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. Results showed that SMAGP was upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in GBM. Functional annotation analysis revealed that SMAGP and 948 SMAGP-correlated genes were primarily associated with cell adhesion and PI3K/Akt pathway. SMAGP interference inhibited cell viability and colony formation ability and promoted apoptosis in GBM cells. Moreover, SMAGP interference inhibited GBM cell invasion and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Additionally, SMAGP silencing inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM cells. Overexpression of Akt abolished the effects of SMAGP knockdown on the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells. In conclusion, SMAGP silencing inhibited the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzao Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Daofei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Zhixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China.
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29
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Mathiesen SB, Lunde M, Stensland M, Martinsen M, Nyman TA, Christensen G, Carlson CR. The Cardiac Syndecan-2 Interactome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:792. [PMID: 32984315 PMCID: PMC7483480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in cardiac remodeling and syndecans have gained increased interest in this process due to their ability to convert changes in the ECM to cell signaling. In particular, syndecan-4 has been shown to be important for cardiac remodeling, whereas the role of its close relative syndecan-2 is largely unknown in the heart. To get more insight into the role of syndecan-2, we here sought to identify interaction partners of syndecan-2 in rat left ventricle. By using three different affinity purification methods combined with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we identified 30 novel partners and 9 partners previously described in the literature, which together make up the first cardiac syndecan-2 interactome. Eleven of the novel partners were also verified in HEK293 cells (i.e., AP2A2, CAVIN2, DDX19A, EIF4E, JPH2, MYL12A, NSF, PFDN2, PSMC5, PSMD11, and RRAD). The cardiac syndecan-2 interactome partners formed connections to each other and grouped into clusters mainly involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and protein metabolism, but also into a cluster consisting of a family of novel syndecan-2 interaction partners, the CAVINs. MS analyses revealed that although syndecan-2 was significantly enriched in fibroblast fractions, most of its partners were present in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Finally, a comparison of the cardiac syndecan-2 and -4 interactomes revealed surprisingly few protein partners in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bech Mathiesen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marita Martinsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Rein Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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30
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The Compromised Intestinal Barrier Induced by Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100619. [PMID: 32998222 PMCID: PMC7600953 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that occur in human foods and animal feeds, potentially threatening human and animal health. The intestine is considered as the first barrier against these external contaminants, and it consists of interconnected physical, chemical, immunological, and microbial barriers. In this context, based on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we summarize the literature for compromised intestinal barrier issues caused by various mycotoxins, and we reviewed events related to disrupted intestinal integrity (physical barrier), thinned mucus layer (chemical barrier), imbalanced inflammatory factors (immunological barrier), and dysfunctional bacterial homeostasis (microbial barrier). We also provide important information on deoxynivalenol, a leading mycotoxin implicated in intestinal dysfunction, and other adverse intestinal effects induced by other mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. In addition, intestinal perturbations caused by mycotoxins may also contribute to the development of mycotoxicosis, including human chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we provide a clear understanding of compromised intestinal barrier induced by mycotoxins, with a view to potentially develop innovative strategies to prevent and treat mycotoxicosis. In addition, because of increased combinatorial interactions between mycotoxins, we explore the interactive effects of multiple mycotoxins in this review.
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31
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Siti Sarah CO, Md Shukri N, Mohd Ashari NS, Wong KK. Zonula occludens and nasal epithelial barrier integrity in allergic rhinitis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9834. [PMID: 32953271 PMCID: PMC7476493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting 400 million of the population worldwide. Nasal epithelial cells form a barrier against the invasion of environmental pathogens. These nasal epithelial cells are connected together by tight junction (TJ) proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2 and ZO-3. Impairment of ZO proteins are observed in AR patients whereby dysfunction of ZOs allows allergens to pass the nasal passage into the subepithelium causing AR development. In this review, we discuss ZO proteins and their impairment leading to AR, regulation of their expression by Th1 cytokines (i.e., IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-13) and histone deacetylases (i.e., HDAC1 and HDAC2). These findings are pivotal for future development of targeted therapies by restoring ZO protein expression and improving nasal epithelial barrier integrity in AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Othman Siti Sarah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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32
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Andjelkovic AV, Stamatovic SM, Phillips CM, Martinez-Revollar G, Keep RF. Modeling blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebrovascular disease in vitro: current and future paradigms. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:44. [PMID: 32677965 PMCID: PMC7367394 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) was and still is a challenge to bridge. A highly selective, restrictive and dynamic barrier, formed at the interface of blood and brain, the BBB is a "gatekeeper" and guardian of brain homeostasis and it also acts as a "sensor" of pathological events in blood and brain. The majority of brain and cerebrovascular pathologies are associated with BBB dysfunction, where changes at the BBB can lead to or support disease development. Thus, an ultimate goal of BBB research is to develop competent and highly translational models to understand mechanisms of BBB/NVU pathology and enable discovery and development of therapeutic strategies to improve vascular health and for the efficient delivery of drugs. This review article focuses on the progress being made to model BBB injury in cerebrovascular diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuska V Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA.
| | - Svetlana M Stamatovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Chelsea M Phillips
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriela Martinez-Revollar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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33
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Effects of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-BF on diarrhea controlling, immune responses, intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets with postweaning diarrhea. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106658. [PMID: 32531710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-BF (C-BF) treatment on diarrhea controlling, immune responses, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in piglets with postweaning diarrhea. In this study, fifty-four weaned piglets with diarrhea were selected and treated with saline (control), C-BF or norfloxacin nicotinic (NFN) for 7 days. Here, we investigated the effects of C-BF on diarrhea controlling, growth performance, serum immune indicators, intestinal morphology, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal epithelial barrier function in the weaned piglets with diarrhea. The results showed that C-BF treatment decreased (P < 0.05) diarrheal index and increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with control group. C-BF treatment decreased (P < 0.05) levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but increased (P < 0.05) levels of serum A/G and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared with control group. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IgG were lower (P < 0.05), but IgA was greater (P < 0.05) for piglets treated by C-BF compared with those in control group. C-BF and NFN treatment decreased (P < 0.05) IL-6, IL-8, IL-22, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production in the jejunum and ileum compared with the control group. C-BF treatment increased the expression levels of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1 in the jejunum and colon compared with the control group and the NFN group. In conclusion, these data indicate that C-BF treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling post-weaning diarrhea, improving immune responses, attenuating intestinal inflammation and enhancing intestinal barrier function in piglets with postweaning diarrhea.
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Gao Y, Luo T, Ouyang X, Zhu C, Zhu J, Qin X. IGF2BP3 and miR191-5p synergistically increase HCC cell invasiveness by altering ZO-1 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1423-1431. [PMID: 32724385 PMCID: PMC7377053 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies have indicated that insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3/IMP3) may affect the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the detailed underlying mechanisms, particularly its linkage to tight junction protein-mediated cell invasion, remain unclear. The present study revealed that IGF2BP3 increased HCC cell invasiveness by suppressing zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression, via direct binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR). Analysis of the molecular mechanisms demonstrated that IGF2BP3 binds to the overlapping targets of IGF2BP3-RNA cross-linkage and microRNA (miR)191-5p targeting sites, and promotes the formation of an miR191-5p-induced RNA-induced silencing complex. The knockdown of IGF2BP3 or the addition of a miR-191-5p inhibitor decreased cellular invasiveness and increased ZO-1 expression. Analysis of the human HCC database also confirmed the association between IGF2BP3 and HCC progression. Collectively, these preclinical findings suggest that IGF2BP3 increases HCC cell invasiveness by promoting the miR191-5p-induced suppression of ZO-1 signaling. This newly identified signaling effect on small molecule targeting may aid in the development of novel strategies with which to inhibit HCC progression more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213100, P.R. China
| | - Tianping Luo
- Department of General Surgery, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213100, P.R. China
| | - Xiwu Ouyang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213100, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213100, P.R. China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213100, P.R. China
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Solár P, Zamani A, Kubíčková L, Dubový P, Joukal M. Choroid plexus and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 32375819 PMCID: PMC7201396 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier is among the least studied structures of the central nervous system (CNS) despite its clinical importance. The CP is an epithelio-endothelial convolute comprising a highly vascularized stroma with fenestrated capillaries and a continuous lining of epithelial cells joined by apical tight junctions (TJs) that are crucial in forming the B-CSF barrier. Integrity of the CP is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and B-CSF barrier permeability. Recent experimental and clinical research has uncovered the significance of the CP in the pathophysiology of various diseases affecting the CNS. The CP is involved in penetration of various pathogens into the CNS, as well as the development of neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer´s disease) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Moreover, the CP was shown to be important for restoring brain homeostasis following stroke and trauma. In addition, new diagnostic methods and treatment of CP papilloma and carcinoma have recently been developed. This review describes and summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the roles of the CP and B-CSF barrier in the pathophysiology of various types of CNS diseases and sets up the foundation for further avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kubíčková
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhang J, Vincent KP, Peter AK, Klos M, Cheng H, Huang SM, Towne JK, Ferng D, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Chan Y, Li R, Peterson KL, Chen J, McCulloch AD, Knowlton KU, Ross RS. Cardiomyocyte Expression of ZO-1 Is Essential for Normal Atrioventricular Conduction but Does Not Alter Ventricular Function. Circ Res 2020; 127:284-297. [PMID: 32345129 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1), a plasma membrane-associated scaffolding protein regulates signal transduction, transcription, and cellular communication. Global deletion of ZO-1 in the mouse is lethal by embryonic day 11.5. The function of ZO-1 in cardiac myocytes (CM) is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the function of CM ZO-1 in the intact heart, given its binding to other CM proteins that have been shown instrumental in normal cardiac conduction and function. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated ZO-1 CM-specific knockout (KO) mice using α-Myosin Heavy Chain-nuclear Cre (ZO-1cKO) and investigated physiological and electrophysiological function by echocardiography, surface ECG and conscious telemetry, intracardiac electrograms and pacing, and optical mapping studies. ZO-1cKO mice were viable, had normal Mendelian ratios, and had a normal lifespan. Ventricular morphometry and function were not significantly different between the ZO-1cKO versus control (CTL) mice, basally in young or aged mice, or even when hearts were subjected to hemodynamic loading. Atrial mass was increased in ZO-1cKO. Electrophysiological and optical mapping studies indicated high-grade atrioventricular (A-V) block in ZO-1cKO comparing to CTL hearts. While ZO-1-associated proteins such as vinculin, connexin 43, N-cadherin, and α-catenin showed no significant change with the loss of ZO-1, Connexin-45 and Coxsackie-adenovirus (CAR) proteins were reduced in atria of ZO-1cKO. Further, with loss of ZO-1, ZO-2 protein was increased significantly in ventricular CM in a presumed compensatory manner but was still not detected in the AV nodal myocytes. Importantly, the expression of the sodium channel protein NaV1.5 was altered in AV nodal cells of the ZO-1cKO versus CTL. CONCLUSIONS ZO-1 protein has a unique physiological role in cardiac nodal tissue. This is in alignment with its known interaction with CAR and Cx45, and a new function in regulating the expression of NaV1.5 in AV node. Uniquely, ZO-1 is dispensable for function of the working myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kevin P Vincent
- Department of Bioengineering (K.P.V., A.D.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Angela K Peter
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Klos
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Selina M Huang
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jordan K Towne
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Debbie Ferng
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yusu Gu
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunghang Chan
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ruixia Li
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ju Chen
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Bioengineering (K.P.V., A.D.M.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Robert S Ross
- From the Department of Medicine (J.Z., A.K.P., M.K., H.C., S.M.H., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., J.K.T., D.F., Y.G., N.D.D., Y.C., R.L., K.L.P., J.C., A.D.M., R.S.R.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Veterans Administration Healthcare, Cardiology Section, San Diego, CA (R.S.R.)
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Manning L, Holmes J, Bonin K, Vidi PA. Radial Profile Analysis of Epithelial Polarity in Breast Acini: A Tool for Primary (Breast) Cancer Prevention. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:314. [PMID: 31998733 PMCID: PMC6970192 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing cancer is vastly better than treating the disease in terms of a patient's quality of life and healthcare costs. Yet, to screen for chemopreventative drugs or evaluate interventions aimed at lowering cancer risk, quantitative readouts of risk are needed. In the breast and in other organs of epithelial origin, apical-basal polarity is key to homeostasis and is one of the first tissue characteristics lost during cancer initiation. Therefore, apical-basal polarity may be leveraged as an "architectural" determinant of cancer risk. A classic approach to quantify the localization of epithelial polarity markers is visual scoring at the microscope by trained investigators. This approach is time-intensive and limited to low throughput. To increase the speed, accuracy, and scoring volume, we developed an algorithm that essentially replaces the human eye to objectively quantify epithelial polarity in microscopy images of breast glandular units (acini). Acini in culture are identified based on a nuclear stain and the corresponding masks are divided into concentric terraces of equal width. This positional information is used to calculate radial intensity profiles (RP) of polarity markers. Profiles with a steep slope represent polarized structures, whereas more horizontal curves are indicative of non-polarized acini. To compare treatment effects, RP curves are integrated into summary values of polarity. We envision applications of this method for primary cancer prevention research with acini organoids, specifically (1) to screen for chemoprevention drugs, (2) for toxicological assessment of suspected carcinogens and pharmacological hit compounds, and (3) for personalized evaluation of cancer risk and risk-reducing interventions. The RadialProfiler algorithm developed for the MATLAB computing environment and for users without prior informatics knowledge is publicly available on the Open Science Framework (OSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawton Manning
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Holmes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Keith Bonin
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Calcium dobesilate reduces VEGF signaling by interfering with heparan sulfate binding site and protects from vascular complications in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0218494. [PMID: 31935212 PMCID: PMC6959593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a therapeutic option in diabetic microangiopathy. However, VEGF is needed at physiological concentrations to maintain glomerular integrity; complete VEGF blockade has deleterious effects on glomerular structure and function. Anti-VEGF therapy in diabetes raises the challenge of reducing VEGF-induced pathology without accelerating endothelial cell injury. Heparan sulfate (HS) act as a co-receptor for VEGF. Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is a small molecule with vasoprotective properties that has been used for the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy. Preliminary evidence suggests that CaD interferes with HS binding sites of fibroblast growth factor. We therefore tested the hypotheses that (1) CaD inhibits VEGF signaling in endothelial cells, (2) that this effect is mediated via interference between CaD and HS, and (3) that CaD ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model by VEGF inhibition. We found that CaD significantly inhibited VEGF165-induced endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and permeability. CaD significantly inhibited VEGF165-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and suppressed the activity of VEGFR-2 mediated signaling cascades. The effects of CaD in vitro were abrogated by heparin, suggesting the involvement of heparin-like domain in the interaction with CaD. In addition, VEGF121, an isoform which does not bind to heparin, was not inhibited by CaD. Using the proximity ligation approach, we detected inhibition of interaction in situ between HS and VEGF and between VEGF and VEGFR-2. Moreover, CaD reduced VEGF signaling in mice diabetic kidneys and ameliorated diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy, suggesting CaD as a VEGF inhibitor without the negative effects of complete VEGF blockade and therefore could be useful as a strategy in treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Naylor A, Hopkins A, Hudson N, Campbell M. Tight Junctions of the Outer Blood Retina Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010211. [PMID: 31892251 PMCID: PMC6981689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer blood retina barrier (oBRB) formed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is critical for maintaining retinal homeostasis. Critical to this modified neuro-epithelial barrier is the presence of the tight junction structure that is formed at the apical periphery of contacting cells. This tight junction complex mediates size-selective passive diffusion of solutes to and from the outer segments of the retina. Unlike other epithelial cells, the apical surface of the RPE is in direct contact with neural tissue and it is centrally involved in the daily phagocytosis of the effete tips of photoreceptor cells. While much is known about the intracellular trafficking of material within the RPE, less is known about the role of the tight junction complexes in health and diseased states. Here, we provide a succinct overview of the molecular composition of the RPE tight junction complex in addition to highlighting some of the most common retinopathies that involve a dysregulation of RPE integrity
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40
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Luo J, Zhou P, Guo X, Wang D, Chen J. The polarity protein Dlg5 regulates collective cell migration during Drosophila oogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226061. [PMID: 31856229 PMCID: PMC6922378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective migration plays critical roles in animal development, physiological events, and cancer metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms of collective cell migration are not well understood. Drosophila border cells represent an excellent in vivo genetic model to study collective cell migration and identify novel regulatory genes for cell migration. Using the Mosaic Analysis with a Repressible Cell Marker (MARCM) system, we screened 240 P-element insertion lines to identify essential genes for border cell migration. Two genes were uncovered, including dlg5 (discs large 5) and CG31689. Further analysis showed that Dlg5 regulates the apical-basal polarity and cluster integrity in border cell clusters. Dlg5 is enriched in lateral surfaces between border cells and central polar cells but also shows punctate localization between border cells. We found that the distribution of Dlg5 in border cell clusters is regulated by Armadillo. Structure-function analysis revealed that the N-terminal Coiled-coil domain and the C-terminal PDZ3-PDZ4-SH3-GUK domains but not the PDZ1-PDZ2 domains of Dlg5 are required for BC migration. The Coiled-coil domain and the PDZ4-SH3-GUK domains are critical for Dlg5’s cell surface localization in border cell clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JC)
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JC)
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Heinemann U, Schuetz A. Structural Features of Tight-Junction Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6020. [PMID: 31795346 PMCID: PMC6928914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are complex supramolecular entities composed of integral membrane proteins, membrane-associated and soluble cytoplasmic proteins engaging in an intricate and dynamic system of protein-protein interactions. Three-dimensional structures of several tight-junction proteins or their isolated domains have been determined by X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy. These structures provide direct insight into molecular interactions that contribute to the formation, integrity, or function of tight junctions. In addition, the known experimental structures have allowed the modeling of ligand-binding events involving tight-junction proteins. Here, we review the published structures of tight-junction proteins. We show that these proteins are composed of a limited set of structural motifs and highlight common types of interactions between tight-junction proteins and their ligands involving these motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Heinemann
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schuetz
- Protein Production & Characterization Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Shangguan Y, Xu X, Ganbat B, Li Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Lu X, Du C, Tian X, Wang X. CNTNAP4 Impacts Epilepsy Through GABAA Receptors Regulation: Evidence From Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients and Mouse Models. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3491-3504. [PMID: 28968899 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The exact etiology of epilepsy is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of contactin-associated protein-like 4 (CNTNAP4) was decreased in the temporal neocortex of epileptic patients and in the hippocampus and cortex of epileptic mice. Lentivirus-mediated knock-down of CNTNAP4 in the hippocampus increased mice susceptibility to epilepsy. Conversely, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of CNTNAP4 decreased epileptic behavior in mice. CNTNAP4 affected neuronal excitability and inhibitory synaptic transmission via postsynaptic receptors in Mg2+-free epilepsy cell model. Down-regulation or overexpression of CNTNAP4 in the hippocampus influenced the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor β2/3 (GABAARβ2/3) membrane protein, without affecting total GABAARβ2/3 protein concentration in epileptic mice. Protein interactions between CNTNAP4, GABAARβ2/3 and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) were observed in the hippocampus of epileptic mice. These findings suggest CNTNAP4 may be involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy through the regulation of GABAAR function, and may be a promising target for the development of epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shangguan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Baigalimaa Ganbat
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
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Castro Dias M, Mapunda JA, Vladymyrov M, Engelhardt B. Structure and Junctional Complexes of Endothelial, Epithelial and Glial Brain Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5372. [PMID: 31671721 PMCID: PMC6862204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) is ensured by the endothelial, epithelial, mesothelial and glial brain barriers, which strictly control the passage of molecules, solutes and immune cells. While the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) have been extensively investigated, less is known about the epithelial and mesothelial arachnoid barrier and the glia limitans. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the cellular composition of the brain barriers with a specific focus on describing the molecular constituents of their junctional complexes. We propose that the brain barriers maintain CNS immune privilege by dividing the CNS into compartments that differ with regard to their role in immune surveillance of the CNS. We close by providing a brief overview on experimental tools allowing for reliable in vivo visualization of the brain barriers and their junctional complexes and thus the respective CNS compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Kim M, Zhong Y, Jung KH, Chai YG, Binas B. Basal-type lumenogenesis in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells models the early visceral endoderm. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230607. [PMID: 31492758 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured rat primitive extraembryonic endoderm (pXEN) cells easily form free-floating multicellular vesicles de novo, exemplifying a poorly studied type of morphogenesis. Here, we reveal the underlying mechanism and the identity of the vesicles. We resolve the morphogenesis into vacuolization, vesiculation and maturation, and define the molecular characteristics and requirements of each step. Vacuolization is fueled by macropinocytosis and occurs by default if not blocked by high cell density or matrix proteins. Fine-tuned cell-cell contact then forms nascent three-cell vesicles with vacuole-derived lumina. In maturation, the vesicles complete epithelialization, expand via mitosis and continued fluid uptake, and differentiate further. The mature vesicles consist of a simple squamous epithelium with an apical-outside/basal-inside polarity that we trace back to the single cell stage. The polarity and gene expression pattern of the vesicles are similar to those of the early visceral endoderm. pXEN cells provide a useful in vitro model for study of matrix-independent, basal-type lumenogenesis and the physiology of the visceral endoderm.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yixiang Zhong
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Bert Binas
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University (ERICA Campus), 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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Arisha AH, Ahmed MM, Kamel MA, Attia YA, Hussein MMA. Morin ameliorates the testicular apoptosis, oxidative stress, and impact on blood-testis barrier induced by photo-extracellularly synthesized silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28749-28762. [PMID: 31376127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely produced for different industrial purposes. Recently, biogenic synthesis of AgNPs has emerged although the extent of effects from exposure, oral exposure in particular, to nanomaterials synthesized in such a manner remains elusive. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of a dose of 50 mg/Kg body weight AgNPs biosynthesized in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) over a period of eight weeks on the reproductive performance and the possibility of a protective effect through co-administration of morin. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in four experimental groups (control, morin-treated group, AgNP-treated, and AgNP + morin co-treatment). AgNPs produced no significant alteration in daily food intake or body weight. Both the absolute and relative testicular weights were significantly reduced but not the epididymal weight. Also, serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, and liver enzymes were significantly elevated. Furthermore, AgNPs significantly downregulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This corresponds to lower motility and viability percent, reduced sperm concentration, and a higher abnormality ratio as well as a prominent alteration in the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and testicular histology and induction of testicular apoptosis and oxidative stress. The supplementation of morin evidently restored most of the reproductive characters to its physiological range. We can conclude that exposure to the biologically synthesized AgNPs for an extended period of time has proven to be a health risk that can be ameliorated via oral administration of some bioactive agents including morin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Attia
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M A Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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RBM47-regulated alternative splicing of TJP1 promotes actin stress fiber assembly during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2019; 38:6521-6536. [PMID: 31358901 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and functional changes in cells during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process are known to be regulated by alternative splicing. However, only a few splicing factors involved in EMT have been reported and their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that an isoform of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) lacking exon 20 (TJP1-α-) is predominantly expressed in tumor tissues and in A549 cells during transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT. RBM47 promoted the inclusion of exon 20 of TJP1, the alternative exon encoding the α-domain, by which RBM47 recognizes to (U)GCAUG in the downstream intronic region of exon 20. We also found that the first RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain of RBM47 is critical in the regulation of alternative splicing and its recognition to pre-mRNA of TJP1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TJP1-α- isoform enhances the assembly of actin stress fibers, thereby promoting cellular migration in a wound healing assay. Our results suggest the regulatory mechanism for the alternative splicing of TJP1 pre-mRNA by RBM47 during EMT, providing a basis for studies related to the modulation of EMT via alternative splicing.
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Bhowmick S, D'Mello V, Caruso D, Wallerstein A, Abdul-Muneer P. Impairment of pericyte-endothelium crosstalk leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:260-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Li Y, Xia T, Li R, Tse G, Liu T, Li G. Renal-Protective Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone in ob/ob Mice. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1582-1589. [PMID: 30820023 PMCID: PMC6407328 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the therapeutic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone in ob/ob mice with obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Material/Methods A total of 24 mice were divided into 3 groups: wild-type C57BL/6 mice (n=8), ob/ob mice (n=8), and ob/ob mice receiving pioglitazone treatment (n=8). Body mass, blood glucose, serum adiponectin (ADP), and urine microalbumin (mALB) levels were determined. Renal histology was examined using light and electron microscopy. Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Serum ADP did not alter between weeks 0 and 12 in the control group, while the ob/ob mice showed a time-dependent decrease that was prevented by pioglitazone. Urinary mALB did not alter between week 0 and 12 in the control group, but was higher in week 0 and week 12 in the ob/ob group. Pioglitazone prevented the rise in urinary mALB in week 12. Histology revealed glomerulomegaly, mesangial proliferation, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and foot processes fusion in the ob/ob group, which were ameliorated by pioglitazone treatment. Compared to the control group, ob/ob mice had a higher kidney index and glomerular diameter, which were reduced by pioglitazone treatment. Immunohistochemical and Western blot experiments revealed lower expression levels of WT1, ZO-1, and AMPK and higher NOX-4 expression level in the ob/ob group, which was prevented by pioglitazone treatment. Conclusions Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, can prevent ORG, probably by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (mainland)
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Alginate on Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Induced by a Methionine- and Choline-deficient Diet. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020104. [PMID: 30744124 PMCID: PMC6409683 DOI: 10.3390/md17020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, efficacious drugs for NASH treatment are lacking. Sodium alginate (SA), a soluble dietary fiber extracted from brown algae, could protect the small intestine from enterobacterial invasion. NASH pathogenesis has been suggested to be associated with enterobacterial invasion, so we examined the effect of SA on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice (the most widely-used model of NASH). The mice (n = 31) were divided into three groups (mice fed with regular chow, MCD diet, and MCD diet premixed with 5% SA) for 4 and 8 weeks. The MCD diet increased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, the NAFLD Activity Score and hepatic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and collagen 1α1, and induced macrophage infiltration. Villus shortening, disruption of zonula occludens-1 localization and depletion of mucus production were observed in the small intestine of the MCD-group mice. SA administration improved lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, and impaired barrier function in the small intestine. Collectively, these results suggest that SA is useful for NASH treatment because it can prevent hepatic inflammation and fatty degeneration by maintaining intestinal barrier function.
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Thériault M, Roy O, Brunette I, Proulx S. Physiological pressure enhances the formation of tight junctions in engineered and native corneal endothelium. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:102-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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