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Ashraf MV, Khan S, Misri S, Gaira KS, Rawat S, Rawat B, Khan MAH, Shah AA, Asgher M, Ahmad S. High-Altitude Medicinal Plants as Promising Source of Phytochemical Antioxidants to Combat Lifestyle-Associated Oxidative Stress-Induced Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:975. [PMID: 39204080 PMCID: PMC11357401 DOI: 10.3390/ph17080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur species (ROS, RNS, RSS), poses a significant threat to cellular integrity and human health. Generated during mitochondrial respiration, inflammation, UV exposure and pollution, these species damage cells and contribute to pathologies like cardiovascular issues, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Lifestyle factors exert a substantial influence on oxidative stress levels, with mitochondria emerging as pivotal players in ROS generation and cellular equilibrium. Phytochemicals, abundant in plants, such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and polyphenols, offer diverse antioxidant mechanisms. They scavenge free radicals, chelate metal ions, and modulate cellular signalling pathways to mitigate oxidative damage. Furthermore, plants thriving in high-altitude regions are adapted to extreme conditions, and synthesize secondary metabolites, like flavonoids and phenolic compounds in bulk quantities, which act to form a robust antioxidant defence against oxidative stress, including UV radiation and temperature fluctuations. These plants are promising sources for drug development, offering innovative strategies by which to manage oxidative stress-related ailments and enhance human health. Understanding and harnessing the antioxidant potential of phytochemicals from high-altitude plants represent crucial steps in combating oxidative stress-induced disorders and promoting overall wellbeing. This study offers a comprehensive summary of the production and physio-pathological aspects of lifestyle-induced oxidative stress disorders and explores the potential of phytochemicals as promising antioxidants. Additionally, it presents an appraisal of high-altitude medicinal plants as significant sources of antioxidants, highlighting their potential for drug development and the creation of innovative antioxidant therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vikas Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Surya Misri
- Section of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Kailash S. Gaira
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India; (K.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India; (K.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 24800, Utarakhand, India;
| | - M. A. Hannan Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (M.A.H.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (M.A.H.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Shoeb Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
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Liang A, Leonard W, Beasley JT, Fang Z, Zhang P, Ranadheera CS. Anthocyanins-gut microbiota-health axis: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7563-7588. [PMID: 36927343 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2187212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subclass of flavonoids responsible for color in some fruits and vegetables with potent antioxidative capacity. During digestion, a larger proportion of dietary anthocyanins remains unabsorbed and reach the large intestine where they interact with the gut microbiota. Anthocyanins can modulate gut microbial populations to improve diversity and the proportion of beneficial populations, leading to alterations in short chain fatty acid and bile acid production. Some anthocyanins can be degraded into colonic metabolites, such as phenolic acids, which accumulate in the body and regulate a range of biological activities. Here we provide an overview of the effects of dietary anthocyanin consumption on gut microbial interactions, metabolism, and composition. Progression of chronic diseases has been strongly associated with imbalances in gut microbial populations. We therefore focus on the role of the gut microbiota as the 'mediator' that facilitates the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various chronic diseases, including obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Garrido-Sanchez L, Leiva-Badosa E, Llop-Talaveron J, Pintó-Sala X, Lozano-Andreu T, Corbella-Inglés E, Alia-Ramos P, Arias-Barquet L, Ramon-Torrel JM, Badía-Tahull MB. Blood Phytosterol Concentration and Genetic Variant Associations in a Sample Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:1067. [PMID: 38613098 PMCID: PMC11013666 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine plasma levels of PS and to study SNVs rs41360247, rs4245791, rs4148217, and rs11887534 of ABCG8 and the r657152 SNV at the ABO blood group locus in a sample of a population treated at our hospital, and to determine whether these SNVs are related to plasma PS concentrations. The secondary objective was to establish the variables associated with plasma PS concentrations in adults. Participants completed a dietary habit questionnaire and a blood sample was collected to obtain the following variables: campesterol, sitosterol, sitostanol, lanosterol, stigmasterol, biochemical parameters, and the SNVs. In addition, biometric and demographic variables were also recorded. In the generalized linear model, cholesterol and age were positively associated with total PS levels, while BMI was negatively related. For rs4245791, homozygous T allele individuals showed a significantly lower campesterol concentration compared with C homozygotes, and the GG alleles of rs657152 had the lowest levels of campesterol compared with the other alleles of the SNV. Conclusions: The screening of certain SNVs could help prevent the increase in plasma PS and maybe PNALD in some patients. However, further studies on the determinants of plasma phytosterol concentrations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Garrido-Sanchez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Elisabet Leiva-Badosa
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Llop-Talaveron
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó-Sala
- Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (X.P.-S.)
| | - Toni Lozano-Andreu
- Pharmacy Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Emili Corbella-Inglés
- Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (X.P.-S.)
| | - Pedro Alia-Ramos
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lluis Arias-Barquet
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Ramon-Torrel
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria B. Badía-Tahull
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Fu Q, Shen T, Yu Q, Jiang L, Yang R. Causal effect of gallstone disease on the risk of coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18807. [PMID: 37914780 PMCID: PMC10620410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GSD) is thought to be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which may be due to abnormal cholesterol metabolism. We used multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods based on publicly available genome-wide association study data to assess whether this association is genetically causal and to search for loci driving causality. Pooled data for GSD were obtained from FinnGen Biobank and Biobank Japan, while CHD and AMI were obtained as pooled data from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium. In this MR study, we found a significant negative causal effect of genetic susceptibility to GSD on AMI in the Finnish population, but no causal effect was found on CHD. This causal effect was not confounded by reverse causality and the same findings were obtained in the Japanese population. Furthermore, the negative causal effect of GSD on AMI risk may be driven by the rs4245791-regulated ABCG5/8 protein. In conclusion, the results of this MR study support a negative causal effect of GSD on AMI and suggest that rs4245791 is the causal driver locus of this effect, which provides new ideas and evidence for the prevention and etiologic study of AMI in patients with GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tianzhou Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qingyun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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5
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Aly DM, Fteah AM, Al Assaly NM, Elashry MA, Youssef YF, Hedaya MS. Correlation of serum biochemical characteristics and ABCG8 genetic variant (rs 11887534) with gall stone compositions and risk of gallstone disease in Egyptian patients. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:3560-3567. [PMID: 37344314 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of the cholesterol transporter: ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCG8) due to the effect of ABCG8 genetic variant (rs11887534) leads to the precipitation of cholesterol crystals and gallstone disease (GSD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the chemical composition of gallstones and the role of ABCG8 (rs11887534) in the susceptibility to GSD. METHODS We enrolled 77 patients with GSD treated with standard laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy and 75 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Chemical analysis of the extracted gallstones was performed. Analysis of the rs11887534 was performed by real-time PCR TaqMan technique for both cases and controls. RESULTS Pure cholesterol stones were the main type of stones in GSD patients. The CC genotype carriers of rs11887534 were more prone to gallstone formation than other genotypes. The CC genotype carriers were 100 folds at increased risk to develop pure cholesterol stones. CONCLUSION The most prevalent type of gallbladder stones is pure cholesterol stone. ABCG8 (rs11887534) could be associated with increased risk for cholesterol gallstones formation, this risk was more pronounced in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Mamdouh Aly
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.
| | | | - Nihal M Al Assaly
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elashry
- General Surgery Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | - Youssef F Youssef
- General Surgery Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Hedaya
- General Surgery Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
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6
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Ceci L, Han Y, Krutsinger K, Baiocchi L, Wu N, Kundu D, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Gaudio E, Francis H, Alpini G, Kennedy L. Gallstone and Gallbladder Disease: Biliary Tract and Cholangiopathies. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4909-4943. [PMID: 37358507 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases are named primarily due to the blockage of bile flow and buildup of bile acids in the liver. Cholestasis can occur in cholangiopathies, fatty liver diseases, and during COVID-19 infection. Most literature evaluates damage occurring to the intrahepatic biliary tree during cholestasis; however, there may be associations between liver damage and gallbladder damage. Gallbladder damage can manifest as acute or chronic inflammation, perforation, polyps, cancer, and most commonly gallstones. Considering the gallbladder is an extension of the intrahepatic biliary network, and both tissues are lined by biliary epithelial cells that share common mechanisms and properties, it is worth further evaluation to understand the association between bile duct and gallbladder damage. In this comprehensive article, we discuss background information of the biliary tree and gallbladder, from function, damage, and therapeutic approaches. We then discuss published findings that identify gallbladder disorders in various liver diseases. Lastly, we provide the clinical aspect of gallbladder disorders in liver diseases and ways to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for congruent diagnosis. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4909-4943, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuyan Han
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelsey Krutsinger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. ABCG2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Old and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087147. [PMID: 37108308 PMCID: PMC10138346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory due to poor response to therapy or relapse. Among causes of resistance, over-expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins represents a pivotal mechanism. ABCG2 is an efflux transporter responsible for inducing MDR in leukemic cells; through its ability to extrude many antineoplastic drugs, it leads to AML resistance and/or relapse, even if conflicting data have been reported to date. Moreover, ABCG2 may be co-expressed with other MDR-related proteins and is finely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we review the main issues regarding ABCG2 activity and regulation in the AML clinical scenario, focusing on its expression and the role of polymorphisms, as well as on the potential ways to inhibit its function to counteract drug resistance to, eventually, improve outcomes in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 5, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 5, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Teng MS, Yeh KH, Hsu LA, Chou HH, Er LK, Wu S, Ko YL. Differential Effects of ABCG5/G8 Gene Region Variants on Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure Status, and Gallstone Disease History in Taiwan. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030754. [PMID: 36981027 PMCID: PMC10047937 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG5 and ABCG8 are two key adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) proteins that regulate whole-body sterol trafficking. This study aimed to elucidate the association between ABCG5/G8 gene region variants and lipid profile, cardiometabolic traits, and gallstone disease history in Taiwan. A total of 1494 Taiwan Biobank participants with whole-genome sequencing data and 117,679 participants with Axiom Genome-Wide CHB Array data were enrolled for analysis. Using genotype-phenotype and stepwise linear regression analyses, we found independent associations of four Asian-specific ABCG5 variants, rs119480069, rs199984328, rs560839317, and rs748096191, with total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (all p ≤ 0.0002). Four other variants, which were in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium, exhibited genome-wide significant associations with gallstone disease history, and the ABCG8 rs11887534 variant showed a trend of superiority for gallstone disease history in a nested logistic regression model (p = 0.074). Through regional association analysis of various other cardiometabolic traits, two variants of the PLEKHH2, approximately 50 kb from the ABCG5/G8 region, exhibited significant associations with blood pressure status (p < 10-6). In conclusion, differential effects of ABCG5/G8 region variants were noted for lipid profile, blood pressure status, and gallstone disease history in Taiwan. These results indicate the crucial role of individualized assessment of ABCG5/G8 variants for different cardiometabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Yeh
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Leay-Kiaw Er
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Repercussions for Molecular Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043224. [PMID: 36834635 PMCID: PMC9961636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is ascribable to pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins leading to an impaired LDL uptake by the LDL receptor (LDLR). Two forms of the disease are possible, heterozygous (HeFH) and homozygous (HoFH), caused by one or two pathogenic variants, respectively, in the three main genes that are responsible for the autosomal dominant disease: LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes. The HeFH is the most common genetic disease in humans, being the prevalence about 1:300. Variants in the LDLRAP1 gene causes FH with a recessive inheritance and a specific APOE variant was described as causative of FH, contributing to increase FH genetic heterogeneity. In addition, variants in genes causing other dyslipidemias showing phenotypes overlapping with FH may mimic FH in patients without causative variants (FH-phenocopies; ABCG5, ABCG8, CYP27A1 and LIPA genes) or act as phenotype modifiers in patients with a pathogenic variant in a causative gene. The presence of several common variants was also considered a genetic basis of FH and several polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been described. The presence of a variant in modifier genes or high PRS in HeFH further exacerbates the phenotype, partially justifying its variability among patients. This review aims to report the updates on the genetic and molecular bases of FH with their implication for molecular diagnosis.
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10
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Belkadi A, Thareja G, Abbaszadeh F, Badii R, Fauman E, Albagha OM, Suhre K. Identification of PCSK9-like human gene knockouts using metabolomics, proteomics, and whole-genome sequencing in a consanguineous population. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 3:100218. [PMID: 36777185 PMCID: PMC9903797 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural human knockouts of genes associated with desirable outcomes, such as PCSK9 with low levels of LDL-cholesterol, can lead to the discovery of new drug targets and treatments. Rare loss-of-function variants are more likely to be found in the homozygous state in consanguineous populations, and deep molecular phenotyping of blood samples from homozygous carriers can help to discriminate between silent and functional variants. Here, we combined whole-genome sequencing with proteomics and metabolomics for 2,935 individuals from the Qatar Biobank (QBB) to evaluate the power of this approach for finding genes of clinical and pharmaceutical interest. As proof-of-concept, we identified a homozygous carrier of a very rare PCSK9 variant with extremely low circulating PCSK9 levels and low LDL. Our study demonstrates that the chances of finding such variants are about 168 times higher in QBB compared with GnomAD and emphasizes the potential of consanguineous populations for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Belkadi
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Omar M.E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author
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11
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Factors Influencing Gallstone Formation: A Review of the Literature. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040550. [PMID: 35454138 PMCID: PMC9026518 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease is a common pathology of the digestive system with nearly a 10–20% incidence rate among adults. The mainstay of treatment is cholecystectomy, which is commonly associated with physical pain and may also seriously affect a patient’s quality of life. Clinical research suggests that cholelithiasis is closely related to the age, gender, body mass index, and other basic physical characteristics of patients. Clinical research further suggests that the occurrence of cholelithiasis is related to obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and other diseases. For this reason, we reviewed the following: genetic factors; excessive liver cholesterol secretion (causing cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile); accelerated growth of cholesterol crystals and solid cholesterol crystals; gallbladder motility impairment; and cardiovascular factors. Herein, we summarize and analyze the causes and mechanisms of cholelithiasis, discuss its correlation with the pathogenesis of related diseases, and discuss possible mechanisms.
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Yin X, Chan LS, Bose D, Jackson AU, VandeHaar P, Locke AE, Fuchsberger C, Stringham HM, Welch R, Yu K, Fernandes Silva L, Service SK, Zhang D, Hector EC, Young E, Ganel L, Das I, Abel H, Erdos MR, Bonnycastle LL, Kuusisto J, Stitziel NO, Hall IM, Wagner GR, Kang J, Morrison J, Burant CF, Collins FS, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Freimer NB, Mohlke KL, Scott LJ, Wen X, Fauman EB, Laakso M, Boehnke M. Genome-wide association studies of metabolites in Finnish men identify disease-relevant loci. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1644. [PMID: 35347128 PMCID: PMC8960770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have explored the impact of rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) on highly heritable plasma metabolites identified in metabolomic screens. The Finnish population provides an ideal opportunity for such explorations, given the multiple bottlenecks and expansions that have shaped its history, and the enrichment for many otherwise rare alleles that has resulted. Here, we report genetic associations for 1391 plasma metabolites in 6136 men from the late-settlement region of Finland. We identify 303 novel association signals, more than one third at variants rare or enriched in Finns. Many of these signals identify genes not previously implicated in metabolite genome-wide association studies and suggest mechanisms for diseases and disease-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lap Sum Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Debraj Bose
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter VandeHaar
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ryan Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Susan K Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Daiwei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily C Hector
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Erica Young
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Liron Ganel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Indraniel Das
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Haley Abel
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael R Erdos
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
- Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ira M Hall
- Center for Genomic Health, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jean Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eric B Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Wang JQ, Wu ZX, Yang Y, Teng QX, Li YD, Lei ZN, Jani KA, Kaushal N, Chen ZS. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer: A review of recent updates. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:232-256. [PMID: 34388310 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC transporters are also known as efflux pumps because they mediate the cross-membrane transportation of various endo- and xenobiotic molecules energized by ATP hydrolysis. Therefore, ABC transporters have been considered closely to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, where the efflux of structurally distinct chemotherapeutic drugs causes reduced itherapeutic efficacy. Besides, ABC transporters also play other critical biological roles in cancer such as signal transduction. During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made in understanding the structure-function relationship, transportation profile of ABC transporters, as well as the possibility to overcome MDR via targeting these transporters. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge regarding ABC transporters and cancer drug resistance in order to provide insights for the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Khushboo A Jani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Neeraj Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
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14
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Caponio GR, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A, De Angelis M, Portincasa P. Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Bioactive Components of Soy Proteins: Novel Translational Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010227. [PMID: 33379362 PMCID: PMC7794713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia represents one key pathophysiological factor predisposing to increasing risk of developing cardiovascular disease worldwide. Controlling plasma cholesterol levels and other metabolic risk factors is of paramount importance to prevent the overall burden of disease emerging from cardiovascular-disease-related morbidity and mortality. Dietary cholesterol undergoes micellization and absorption in the small intestine, transport via blood, and uptake in the liver. An important amount of cholesterol originates from hepatic synthesis, and is secreted by the liver into bile together with bile acids (BA) and phospholipids, with all forming micelles and vesicles. In clinical medicine, dietary recommendations play a key role together with pharmacological interventions to counteract the adverse effects of chronic hypercholesterolemia. Bioactive compounds may also be part of initial dietary plans. Specifically, soybean contains proteins and peptides with biological activity on plasma cholesterol levels and this property makes soy proteins a functional food. Here, we discuss how soy proteins modulate lipid metabolism and reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in humans, with potential outcomes in improving metabolic- and dyslipidemia-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Division of Internal Medicine Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-080-5442949 (M.D.A.); +39-080-5478893 (P.P.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-080-5442949 (M.D.A.); +39-080-5478893 (P.P.)
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