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Tsujii Y, Atwell BJ, Lambers H, Wright IJ. Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1985-1997. [PMID: 38189091 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Adaptations of plants to phosphorus (P) deficiency include reduced investment of leaf P in storage (orthophosphates in vacuoles), nucleic acids and membrane lipids. Yet, it is unclear how these adaptations are associated with plant ecological strategies. Five leaf P fractions (orthophosphate P, Pi ; metabolite P, PM ; nucleic acid P, PN ; lipid P, PL ; and residual P, PR ) were analysed alongside leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species from three habitats: one a high-P basalt-derived soil and two low-P sandstone-derived soils, one undisturbed and one disturbed by human activities with artificial P inputs. Species at the undisturbed low-P site generally exhibited lower concentrations of total leaf P ([Ptotal ]), primarily associated with lower concentrations of Pi , and PN . The relative allocation of P to each fraction varied little among sites, except that higher PL per [Ptotal ] (rPL ) was recorded at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. This higher rPL , reflecting relative allocation to membranes, was primarily associated with lower concentrations of leaf nitrogen at the undisturbed low-P site than at the high-P site. Associations between leaf P fractions and leaf nitrogen may provide a basis for understanding the variation in plant ecological strategies dependent on soil P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Penrith, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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2
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Cun Z, Wu HM, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Hong J, An TX, Chen JW. High nitrogen inhibits biomass and saponins accumulation in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14933. [PMID: 36846464 PMCID: PMC9951802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient and is comprehensively involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. However, the interaction between N supply and crop yield and the accumulation of effective constituents in an N-sensitive medicinal plant Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen is not completely known. Morphological traits, N use and allocation, photosynthetic capacity and saponins accumulation were evaluated in two- and three-year-old P. notoginseng grown under different N regimes. The number and length of fibrous root, total root length and root volume were reduced with the increase of N supply. The accumulation of leaf and stem biomass (above-ground) were enhanced with increasing N supply, and LN-grown plants had the lowest root biomass. Above-ground biomass was closely correlated with N content, and the relationship between root biomass and N content was negatives in P. notoginseng (r = -0.92). N use efficiency-related parameters, NUE (N use efficiency, etc.), NC (N content in carboxylation system component) and P n (the net photosynthetic rate) were reduced in HN-grown P. notoginseng. SLN (specific leaf N), Chl (chlorophyll), NL (N content in light capture component) increased with an increase in N application. Interestingly, root biomass was positively correlated with NUE, yield and P n. Above-ground biomass was close negatively correlated with photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). Saponins content was positively correlated with NUE and P n. Additionally, HN improved the root yield of per plant compared with LN, but reduced the accumulation of saponins, and the lowest yield of saponins per unit area (35.71 kg·hm-2) was recorded in HN-grown plants. HN-grown medicinal plants could inhibit the accumulation of root biomass by reducing N use and photosynthetic capacity, and HN-induced decrease in the accumulation of saponins (C-containing metabolites) might be closely related to the decline in N efficiency and photosynthetic capacity. Overall, N excess reduces the yield of root and C-containing secondary metabolites (active ingredient) in N-sensitive medicinal species such as P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong-Xin An
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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3
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Zhou Y, Yang M, Tai Z, Jia J, Luan D, Ma X. Carbohydrates and secondary compounds of alpine tundra shrubs in relation to experimental warming. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 36210454 PMCID: PMC9549620 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is critical to understand the sensitivity, response direction and magnitude of carbohydrates and secondary compounds to warming for predicting the structure and function of the tundra ecosystem towards future climate change. RESULTS Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to passively increase air and soil temperatures on Changbai Mountain alpine tundra. After seven years' continuous warming (+ 1.5 °C), the vegetation coverage, nonstructural carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch) and secondary compounds (total phenols, flavonoids and triterpenes) of leaves and roots in three dominant dwarf shrubs, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Rhododendron confertissimum and Vaccinium uliginosum, were investigated during the growing season. Warming did not significantly affect the concentrations of carbohydrates but decreased total phenols for the three species. Carbohydrates and secondary compounds showed significantly seasonal pattern and species-specific variation. No significant trade-off or negative relationship between carbohydrates and secondary compounds was observed. Compared to Dr. octopetala var. asiatica, V. uliginosum allocated more carbon on secondary compounds. Warming significantly increased the coverage of Dr. octopetala var. asiatica, did not change it for V. uliginosum and decreased it for Rh. confertissimum. Rh. confertissimum had significantly lower carbohydrates and invested more carbon on secondary compounds than the other two species. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced dominance and competitiveness of Dr. octopetala var. asiatica was companied by increased trend in carbohydrate concentrations and decreased ratio of secondary compounds to total carbon in the warming OTCs. We, therefore, predict that Dr. octopetala var. asiatica will continue to maintain dominant status, but the competition ability of V. uliginosum could gradually decrease with warming, leading to changes in species composition and community structure of the Changbai tundra ecosystem under future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhou
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Zhijuan Tai
- Department of Tourism Economy, Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Baihe, 133633, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Dongtao Luan
- Ecological Technique and Engineering School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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4
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Pold G, Baillargeon N, Lepe A, Rastetter EB, Sistla SA. Warming effects on arctic tundra biogeochemistry are limited but habitat‐dependent: a meta‐analysis. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Pold
- Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture, Food & Environmental Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
| | - Natalie Baillargeon
- Smith College Northampton Massachusetts USA
- Woodwell Climate Research Center Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| | - Adan Lepe
- Amherst College Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Edward B. Rastetter
- Marine Biological Laboratories The Ecosystems Center Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| | - Seeta A. Sistla
- Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture, Food & Environmental Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California USA
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5
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Yang M, Yang H. Utilization of soil residual phosphorus and internal reuse of phosphorus by crops. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11704. [PMID: 34316395 PMCID: PMC8286700 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) participates in various assimilatory and metabolic processes in plants. Agricultural systems are facing P deficiency in many areas worldwide, while global P demand is increasing. Pioneering efforts have made us better understand the more complete use of residual P in soils and the link connecting plant P resorption to soil P deficiency, which will help to address the challenging issue of P deficiency. We summarized the state of soil "residual P" and the mechanisms of utilizing this P pool, the possible effects of planting and tillage patterns, various fertilization management practices and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms on the release of soil residual P and the link connecting leaf P resorption to soil P deficiency and the regulatory mechanisms of leaf P resorption. The utilization of soil residual P represents a great challenge and a good chance to manage P well in agricultural systems. In production practices, the combination of "optimal fertilization and agronomic measures" can be adopted to utilize residual P in soils. Some agricultural practices, such as reduced or no tillage, crop rotation, stubble retention and utilization of biofertilizers-phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms should greatly improve the conversion of various P forms in the soil due to changes in the balance of individual nutrients in the soil or due to improvements in the phosphatase profile and activity in the soil. Leaf P resorption makes the plant less dependent on soil P availability, which can promote the use efficiency of plant P and enhance the adaptability to P-deficient environments. This idea provides new options for helping to ameliorate the global P dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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6
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Stevens CJ, Bell JNB, Brimblecombe P, Clark CM, Dise NB, Fowler D, Lovett GM, Wolseley PA. The impact of air pollution on terrestrial managed and natural vegetation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190317. [PMID: 32981433 PMCID: PMC9584617 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although awareness that air pollution can damage vegetation dates back at least to the 1600s, the processes and mechanisms of damage were not rigorously studied until the late twentieth century. In the UK following the Industrial Revolution, urban air quality became very poor, with highly phytotoxic SO2 and NO2 concentrations, and remained that way until the mid-twentieth century. Since then both air quality, and our understanding of pollutants and their impacts, have greatly improved. Air pollutants remain a threat to natural and managed ecosystems. Air pollution imparts impacts through four major threats to vegetation are discussed through in a series of case studies. Gas-phase effects by the primary emissions of SO2 and NO2 are discussed in the context of impacts on lichens in urban areas. The effects of wet and dry deposited acidity from sulfur and nitrogen compounds are considered with a particular focus on forest decline. Ecosystem eutrophication by nitrogen deposition focuses on heathland decline in the Netherlands, and ground-level ozone at phytotoxic concentrations is discussed by considering impacts on semi-natural vegetation. We find that, although air is getting cleaner, there is much room for additional improvement, especially for the effects of eutrophication on managed and natural ecosystems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - J N B Bell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P Brimblecombe
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - C M Clark
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - N B Dise
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - D Fowler
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - G M Lovett
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - P A Wolseley
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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7
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Piñeiro J, Ochoa‐Hueso R, Drake JE, Tjoelker MG, Power SA. Water availability drives fine root dynamics in a
Eucalyptus
woodland under elevated atmospheric CO
2
concentration. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Piñeiro
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA
| | - Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Department of Biology IVAGROUniversity of Cádiz Cádiz Spain
| | - John E. Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
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8
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Li G, Lin R, Egekwu C, Blakeslee J, Lin J, Pettengill E, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Islam N, Babst BA, Gao F, Komarov S, Tai YC, Coleman GD. Seasonal nitrogen remobilization and the role of auxin transport in poplar trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4512-4530. [PMID: 32161967 PMCID: PMC7382381 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal nitrogen (N) cycling in Populus, involves bark storage proteins (BSPs) that accumulate in bark phloem parenchyma in the autumn and decline when shoot growth resumes in the spring. Little is known about the contribution of BSPs to growth or the signals regulating N remobilization from BSPs. Knockdown of BSP accumulation via RNAi and N sink manipulations were used to understand how BSP storage influences shoot growth. Reduced accumulation of BSPs delayed bud break and reduced shoot growth following dormancy. Further, 13N tracer studies also showed that BSP accumulation is an important factor in N partitioning from senescing leaves to bark. Thus, BSP accumulation has a role in N remobilization during N partitioning both from senescing leaves to bark and from bark to expanding shoots once growth commences following dormancy. The bark transcriptome during BSP catabolism and N remobilization was enriched in genes associated with auxin transport and signaling, and manipulation of the source of auxin or auxin transport revealed a role for auxin in regulating BSP catabolism and N remobilization. Therefore, N remobilization appears to be regulated by auxin produced in expanding buds and shoots that is transported to bark where it regulates protease gene expression and BSP catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Rongshoung Lin
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Chioma Egekwu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Joshua Blakeslee
- OARDC Metabolite Analysis Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, USA
| | - Jinshan Lin
- OARDC Metabolite Analysis Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, USA
| | - Emily Pettengill
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Wendy A Peer
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Benjamin A Babst
- College of Forestry, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Forestry, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, USA
| | - Sergey Komarov
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Gary D Coleman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
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9
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Nongbri LB, Barik SK. Patterns of nitrogen resorption efficiency among different functional groups of trees in a subtropical forest of Meghalaya. Trop Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Thapa N, Barik SK, Upadhaya K, Lakadong NJ. Local edaphic factors influence leaf nutrient resorption efficiency of evergreen and deciduous trees: a case study from montane subtropical old-growth and regenerating forests of Meghalaya. Trop Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Mekonnen ZA, Riley WJ, Randerson JT, Grant RF, Rogers BM. Expansion of high-latitude deciduous forests driven by interactions between climate warming and fire. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:952-958. [PMID: 31451797 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude regions have experienced rapid warming in recent decades, and this trend is projected to continue over the twenty-first century1. Fire is also projected to increase with warming2,3. We show here, consistent with changes during the Holocene4, that changes in twenty-first century climate and fire are likely to alter the composition of Alaskan boreal forests. We hypothesize that competition for nutrients after fire in early succession and for light in late succession in a warmer climate will cause shifts in plant functional type. Consistent with observations, our ecosystem model predicts evergreen conifers to be the current dominant tree type in Alaska. However, under future climate and fire, our analysis suggests the relative dominance of deciduous broadleaf trees nearly doubles, accounting for 58% of the Alaska ecosystem's net primary productivity by 2100, with commensurate declines in contributions from evergreen conifer trees and herbaceous plants. Post-fire deciduous broadleaf tree growth under a future climate is sustained from enhanced microbial nitrogen mineralization caused by warmer soils and deeper active layers, resulting in taller trees that compete more effectively for light. The expansion of deciduous broadleaf forests will affect the carbon cycle, surface energy fluxes and ecosystem function, thereby modifying important feedbacks with the climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem A Mekonnen
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James T Randerson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Grant
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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12
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Xu Z, Fan W, Wei H, Zhang P, Ren J, Gao Z, Ulgiati S, Kong W, Dong X. Evaluation and simulation of the impact of land use change on ecosystem services based on a carbon flow model: A case study of the Manas River Basin of Xinjiang, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:117-133. [PMID: 30359796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Land use change affects ecosystem services by changing the structure and function of ecosystems. Carbon flows throughout natural and socioeconomic systems can effectively reveal this process. The Manas River Basin has experienced rapid oasis expansion for decades, and land use change in the basin is very typical. Oasis expansion has caused a large amount of cropland to invade natural vegetation, thus affecting ecosystem services. This study used a biomass-based ecosystem service estimation model to assess changes in ecosystem services in the Manas River Basin. The carbon flow model was constructed using energy systems language, and the future development of ecosystem services was simulated based on different land use scenarios. The results show the following: (1) From 1980 to 2015, the river basin provisioning service was continuously optimized, while the regulating, supporting and cultural services were reduced. (2) If the expansion of cropland continues, then carbon will be transferred from the natural ecosystem to the cropland. Regulation, support and cultural services in the basin continue to decrease. Due to the shortage of water resources in the basin, the growth of provisioning services is limited. (3) If the project of returning cropland to grassland is implemented, then the carbon in the natural ecosystem will gradually recover. The regulating, supporting and cultural services of the river basin are rising, but provisioning services are gradually decreasing. In general, the model based on energy systems language can reflect the ecological process within the system and effectively reveal the carbon flow process between ecosystems. The use of carbon to quantify ecosystem services can harmonize dimensions, facilitate comparisons, and mitigate errors in outcomes due to different evaluation criteria or subjective factors. Therefore, this study combines energy systems language with carbon flow, which helps to more rationally explore the impact of land use change on ecosystem services, thereby providing valuable information for river basin management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejie Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio Ulgiati
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Parthenope University, Napoli 80133, Italy; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Gonzales K, Yanai R. Nitrogen–phosphorous interactions in young northern hardwoods indicate P limitation: foliar concentrations and resorption in a factorial N by P addition experiment. Oecologia 2019; 189:829-840. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Competition along productivity gradients: news from heathlands. Oecologia 2018; 187:219-231. [PMID: 29574579 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The importance of competition in low productive habitats is still debated. Studies which simultaneously evaluate preemption of resources and consequences for population dynamics are needed for a comprehensive view of competitive outcomes. We cultivated two emblematic species of European heathlands (Calluna vulgaris and Molinia caerulea) in a nursery for 2 years at two fertility levels, reproducing the productivity gradient found in phosphorus (P)-depleted heathlands in southwest France. The second year, we planted Ulex europaeus seedlings, a ubiquitous heathland species, under the cover of the two species to evaluate its ability to regenerate. Half of the seedlings were placed in tubes for exclusion of competitor roots. We measured the development of the competitors aboveground and belowground and their interception of resources (light, water, inorganic P). Ulex seedlings' growth and survival were also measured. Our results on resources interception were consistent with species distribution in heathlands. Molinia, which dominates rich heathlands, was the strongest competitor for light and water in the rich soil. Calluna, which dominates poor heathlands, increased its root allocation in the poor soil, decreasing water and inorganic P availability. However, the impact of total competition and root competition on Ulex seedlings decreased in the poor soil. Other mechanisms, especially decrease of water stress under neighbouring plant cover, appeared to have more influence on the seedlings' response. We found no formal contradiction between Tilman and Grime's theories. Root competition has a primary role in acquisition of soil resources in poor habitats. However, the importance of competition decreases with decreasing fertility.
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Träger S, Milbau A, Wilson SD. Potential contributions of root decomposition to the nitrogen cycle in arctic forest and tundra. Ecol Evol 2018; 7:11021-11032. [PMID: 29299278 PMCID: PMC5743615 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant contributions to the nitrogen (N) cycle from decomposition are likely to be altered by vegetation shifts associated with climate change. Roots account for the majority of soil organic matter input from vegetation, but little is known about differences between vegetation types in their root contributions to nutrient cycling. Here, we examine the potential contribution of fine roots to the N cycle in forest and tundra to gain insight into belowground consequences of the widely observed increase in woody vegetation that accompanies climate change in the Arctic. We combined measurements of root production from minirhizotron images with tissue analysis of roots from differing root diameter and color classes to obtain potential N input following decomposition. In addition, we tested for changes in N concentration of roots during early stages of decomposition, and investigated whether vegetation type (forest or tundra) affected changes in tissue N concentration during decomposition. For completeness, we also present respective measurements of leaves. The potential N input from roots was twofold greater in forest than in tundra, mainly due to greater root production in forest. Potential N input varied with root diameter and color, but this variation tended to be similar in forest and tundra. As for roots, the potential N input from leaves was significantly greater in forest than in tundra. Vegetation type had no effect on changes in root or leaf N concentration after 1 year of decomposition. Our results suggest that shifts in vegetation that accompany climate change in the Arctic will likely increase plant‐associated potential N input both belowground and aboveground. In contrast, shifts in vegetation might not alter changes in tissue N concentration during early stages of decomposition. Overall, differences between forest and tundra in potential contribution of decomposing roots to the N cycle reinforce differences between habitats that occur for leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Träger
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest INBO Brussels Belgium.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Climate Impacts Research Centre Umeå University Abisko Sweden
| | - Scott D Wilson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Climate Impacts Research Centre Umeå University Abisko Sweden.,Department of Biology University of Regina Regina SK Canada
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Phosphorus and nitrogen resorption from different chemical fractions in senescing leaves of tropical tree species on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Oecologia 2017; 185:171-180. [PMID: 28871400 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption, a process by which plants degrade organic compounds and resorb their nutrients from senescing tissues, is a crucial plant function to increase growth and fitness in nutrient-poor environments. Tropical trees on phosphorus (P)-poor soils are particularly known to have high P-resorption efficiency (PRE, the percentage of P resorbed from senescing leaves before abscission per total P in green leaves). However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying this greater PRE remain unclear. In this study, we determined the P concentration in easily soluble, nucleic acid, lipid and residual fractions for green and senescent leaves of 22 tree species from three sites, which differed in P availability, on the lower flanks of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. PRE varied from 24 to 93% and was higher in species from the P-poor site. P-resorption rate was greatest from the lipid fraction, the nucleic acid fraction, and lowest in the easily soluble fraction and the residual fraction when all the species were pooled. For species with higher PRE, P-resorption rate of the residual fraction was relatively high and was comparable in magnitude to that of the other labile fractions. This suggests that tree species inhabiting P-poor environments increased PRE by improving the degradation of recalcitrant compounds. This study suggests that plants selectively degrade organic compounds depending on environmental conditions, which is a key mechanism underlying the variation of PRE.
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17
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Li Y, Lan G, Xia Y. Rubber Trees Demonstrate a Clear Retranslocation Under Seasonal Drought and Cold Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1907. [PMID: 28066467 PMCID: PMC5168426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Having been introduced to the northern edge of Asian tropics, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) has become deciduous in this climate with seasonal drought and cold stresses. To determine its internal nutrient strategy during leaf senescence and deciduous periods, we investigated mature leaf and senescent leaf nutrients, water-soluble soil nutrients and characteristics of soil microbiota in nine different ages of monoculture rubber plantations. Rubber trees demonstrate complicated retranslocation of N, P, and K during foliar turnover. Approximately 50.26% of leaf nutrients and 21.47% of soil nutrients were redistributed to the rubber tree body during the leaf senescence and withering stages. However, no significant changes in the structure- or function-related properties of soil microbes were detected. These nutrient retranslocation strategy may be important stress responses. In the nutrient retranslocation process, soil plays a dual role as nutrient supplier and nutrient "bank." Soil received the nutrients from abscised leaves, and also supplied nutrients to trees in the non-growth stage. Nutrient absorption and accumulation began before the leaves started to wither and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesYunnan, China
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHainan, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHainan, China
| | - Yujie Xia
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesYunnan, China
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Gatica MG, Aranibar JN, Pucheta E. Environmental and species-specific controls on δ13C and δ15N in dominant woody plants from central-western Argentinian drylands. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gabriel Gatica
- Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Av. Ignacio de la Roza 599 (Oeste) Rivadavia J5402DCS San Juan Mendoza Argentina
| | - Julieta N. Aranibar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; San Martín Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA); CONICET, CCT-Mendoza; San Martín Mendoza Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pucheta
- Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Av. Ignacio de la Roza 599 (Oeste) Rivadavia J5402DCS San Juan Mendoza Argentina
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Corcket E, Liancourt P, Callaway R, Michalet R. The relative importance of competition for two dominant grass species as affected by environmental manipulations in the field. ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2003.11682766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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García-Palacios P, Prieto I, Ourcival JM, Hättenschwiler S. Disentangling the Litter Quality and Soil Microbial Contribution to Leaf and Fine Root Litter Decomposition Responses to Reduced Rainfall. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Xia M, Talhelm AF, Pregitzer KS. Fine roots are the dominant source of recalcitrant plant litter in sugar maple-dominated northern hardwood forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:715-26. [PMID: 26073624 PMCID: PMC5033015 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of forest litter dynamics examine the biochemical characteristics and decomposition of leaf litter, but fine roots are also a large source of litter in forests. We quantified the concentrations of eight biochemical fractions and nitrogen (N) in leaf litter and fine roots at four sugar maple (Acer saccharum)-dominated hardwood forests in the north-central United States. We combined these results with litter production data to estimate ecosystem biochemical fluxes to soil. We also compared how leaf litter and fine root biochemistry responded to long-term simulated N deposition. Compared with leaf litter, fine roots contained 2.9-fold higher acid-insoluble fraction (AIF) and 2.3-fold more condensed tannins; both are relatively difficult to decompose. Comparatively, leaf litter had greater quantities of more labile components: nonstructural carbohydrates, cellulose and soluble phenolics. At an ecosystem scale, fine roots contributed over two-thirds of the fluxes of AIF and condensed tannins to soil. Fine root biochemistry was also less responsive than leaf litter to long-term simulated N deposition. Fine roots were the dominant source of difficult-to-decompose plant carbon fractions entering the soil at our four study sites. Based on our synthesis of the literature, this pattern appears to be widespread in boreal and temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844‐1133USA
| | - Alan F. Talhelm
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844‐1133USA
| | - Kurt S. Pregitzer
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowID83844‐1133USA
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22
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Ogawa T, Oikawa S, Hirose T. Leaf dynamics in growth and reproduction of Xanthium canadense as influenced by stand density. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:807-19. [PMID: 26248476 PMCID: PMC4590326 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf longevity is controlled by the light gradient in the canopy and also by the nitrogen (N) sink strength in the plant. Stand density may influence leaf dynamics through its effects on light gradient and on plant growth and reproduction. This study tests the hypothesis that the control by the light gradient is manifested more in the vegetative period, whereas the opposite is true when the plant becomes reproductive and develops a strong N sink. METHODS Stands of Xanthium canadense were established at two densities. Emergence, growth and death of every leaf on the main stem and branches, and plant growth and N uptake were determined from germination to full senescence. Mean residence time and dry mass productivity were calculated per leaf number, leaf area, leaf mass and leaf N (collectively termed 'leaf variables') in order to analyse leaf dynamics and its effect on plant growth. KEY RESULTS Branching and reproductive activities were higher at low than at high density. Overall there was no significant difference in mean residence time of leaf variables between the two stands. However, early leaf cohorts on the main stem had a longer retention time at low density, whereas later cohorts had a longer retention time at high density. Branch leaves emerged earlier and tended to live longer at low than at high density. Leaf efficiencies, defined as carbon export per unit investment of leaf variables, were higher at low density in all leaf variables except for leaf number. CONCLUSIONS In the vegetative phase of plant growth, the light gradient strongly controls leaf longevity, whereas later the effects of branching and reproductive activities become stronger and over-rule the effect of light environment. As leaf N supports photosynthesis and also works as an N source for plant development, N use is pivotal in linking leaf dynamics with plant growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shimpei Oikawa
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tadaki Hirose
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Fujii S, Makita N, Mori AS, Takeda H. Plant species control and soil faunal involvement in the processes of above- and below-ground litter decomposition. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Fujii
- Dept of Environmental Systems Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha Univ.; JP-610-0394 Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoki Makita
- Laboratory of Forest Hydrology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Univ.; JP-606-8502 Kyoto Japan
- Dept of Forest Sciences; Univ. of Helsinki; PO Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Dept of Environment and Natural Sciences; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National Univ.; JP-240-8501 Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Dept of Environmental Systems Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha Univ.; JP-610-0394 Kyoto Japan
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Van Der Eerden LJ, Dueck TA, Berdowski JJM, Greven H, Van Dobben HF. Influence of NH3and (NH4)2SO4on heathland vegetation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Th. A. Dueck
- Research Institute for Plant Protection; Wageningen
| | - J. J. M. Berdowski
- Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research; Delft
- Research Institute for Plant Protection; Wageningen
| | - H. Greven
- Research Institute for Plant Protection; Wageningen
- Research Institute for Nature Management; Leersum The Netherlands
| | - H. F. Van Dobben
- Research Institute for Plant Protection; Wageningen
- Research Institute for Nature Management; Leersum The Netherlands
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25
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Seaman BJ, Albornoz FE, Armesto JJ, Gaxiola A. Phosphorus conservation during post-fire regeneration in a Chilean temperate rainforest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Seaman
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Alameda 340 Santiago Chile
| | - F. E. Albornoz
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - J. J. Armesto
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Alameda 340 Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología & Biodiversidad; Casilla 653 Santiago Chile
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global); CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - A. Gaxiola
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Alameda 340 Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ecología & Biodiversidad; Casilla 653 Santiago Chile
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global); CSIC; Madrid Spain
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Quin SLO, Artz RRE, Coupar AM, Woodin SJ. Calluna vulgaris-dominated upland heathland sequesters more CO₂ annually than grass-dominated upland heathland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:740-747. [PMID: 25461077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown in many habitats worldwide, that a shift in vegetation composition between woody shrub and graminoid dominance can influence carbon (C) cycling. Due to land management practices and environmental change, UK upland heath vegetation has historically undergone shifts in dominance from the woody dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris (Calluna) to species poor graminoid swards. The consequences of this for C sequestration are unknown. We compared annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) between building phase Calluna- and grass-dominated communities within three upland heaths in Scotland, measuring c. monthly over a year. Light and temperature response curves were generated, and the parameters derived were applied to continuous light and temperature data to extrapolate CO₂ fluxes over the full year and generate estimates of annual CO₂ sequestration for each vegetation type. Grass-dominated communities had higher ecosystem respiration rates than Calluna-dominated communities, attributed to graminoids having greater metabolic demands and producing more labile litter which decomposes readily. Both communities had similar gross primary productivity over the year; the net result being higher NEE within the Calluna-dominated than the grass-dominated community (-2.36 ± 0.23 and -1.78 ± 0.18 μmol CO₂m(-2)s(-1) respectively). Modelled CO₂ fluxes over a year showed both communities to be CO₂ sinks. The Calluna-dominated community sequesters -3.45 ± 0.96 t C ha(-1)yr(-1), double that sequestered by the grass-dominated community at 1.61 ± 0.57 t C ha(-1)yr(-1). Potential rate of C sequestration by upland heath is comparable to that of woodland and the increase in total sequestration that could be gained from habitat restoration may equate to c. 60% of the annual UK C sink attributed to forest land management. National C sequestration by heathlands is also more than double that by peatlands. Management of graminoid-dominated upland heath should promote Calluna re-establishment, thus providing a C benefit in addition to benefits to biodiversity, grazing and sporting interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L O Quin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK; James Hutton Institute, Ecological Sciences Group, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Rebekka R E Artz
- James Hutton Institute, Ecological Sciences Group, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Andrew M Coupar
- Scottish Natural Heritage, Great Glen House, Leachkin Road, Inverness IV3 8NW, UK
| | - Sarah J Woodin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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Islam N, Li G, Garrett WM, Lin R, Sriram G, Cooper B, Coleman GD. Proteomics of Nitrogen Remobilization in Poplar Bark. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1112-26. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501090p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gen Li
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wesley M. Garrett
- Animal
Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Rongshuang Lin
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ganesh Sriram
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bret Cooper
- Soybean
Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Gary D. Coleman
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Smith SW, Woodin SJ, Pakeman RJ, Johnson D, van der Wal R. Root traits predict decomposition across a landscape-scale grazing experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:851-62. [PMID: 24841886 PMCID: PMC4260134 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Root litter is the dominant soil carbon and nutrient input in many ecosystems, yet few studies have considered how root decomposition is regulated at the landscape scale and how this is mediated by land-use management practices. Large herbivores can potentially influence below-ground decomposition through changes in soil microclimate (temperature and moisture) and changes in plant species composition (root traits). To investigate such herbivore-induced changes, we quantified annual root decomposition of upland grassland species in situ across a landscape-scale livestock grazing experiment, in a common-garden experiment and in laboratory microcosms evaluating the influence of key root traits on decomposition. Livestock grazing increased soil temperatures, but this did not affect root decomposition. Grazing had no effect on soil moisture, but wetter soils retarded root decomposition. Species-specific decomposition rates were similar across all grazing treatments, and species differences were maintained in the common-garden experiment, suggesting an overriding importance of litter type. Supporting this, in microcosms, roots with lower specific root area (m(2) g(-1)) or those with higher phosphorus concentrations decomposed faster. Our results suggest that large herbivores alter below-ground carbon and nitrogen dynamics more through their effects on plant species composition and associated root traits than through effects on the soil microclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Smith
- IBES, University of Aberdeen, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK; ACES, University of Aberdeen, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Sheppard LJ, Leith ID, Mizunuma T, Leeson S, Kivimaki S, Neil Cape J, van Dijk N, Leaver D, Sutton MA, Fowler D, Van den Berg LJL, Crossley A, Field C, Smart S. Inertia in an ombrotrophic bog ecosystem in response to 9 years' realistic perturbation by wet deposition of nitrogen, separated by form. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:566-580. [PMID: 24038771 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wet deposition of nitrogen (N) occurs in oxidized (nitrate) and reduced (ammonium) forms. Whether one form drives vegetation change more than the other is widely debated, as field evidence has been lacking. We are manipulating N form in wet deposition to an ombrotrophic bog, Whim (Scottish Borders), and here report nine years of results. Ammonium and nitrate were provided in rainwater spray as NH4 Cl or NaNO3 at 8, 24 or 56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) , plus a rainwater only control, via an automated system coupled to site meteorology. Detrimental N effects were observed in sensitive nonvascular plant species, with higher cumulative N loads leading to more damage at lower annual doses. Cover responses to N addition, both in relation to form and dose, were species specific and mostly dependent on N dose. Some species were generally indifferent to N form and dose, while others were dose sensitive. Calluna vulgaris showed a preference for higher N doses as ammonium N and Hypnum jutlandicum for nitrate N. However, after 9 years, the magnitude of change from wet deposited N on overall species cover is small, indicating only a slow decline in key species. Nitrogen treatment effects on soil N availability were likewise small and rarely correlated with species cover. Ammonium caused most N accumulation and damage to sensitive species at lower N loads, but toxic effects also occurred with nitrate. However, because different species respond differently to N form, setting of ecosystem level critical loads by N form is challenging. We recommend implementing the lowest value of the critical load range where communities include sensitive nonvascular plants and where ammonium dominates wet deposition chemistry. In the context of parallel assessment at the same site, N treatments for wet deposition showed overall much smaller effects than corresponding inputs of dry deposition as ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
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Castle SC, Neff JC. What controls plant nutrient use in high elevation ecosystems? Oecologia 2013; 173:1551-61. [PMID: 23771801 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of rock-derived mineral nutrients (P, K, Mn, Mg, and Ca) in plant physiological function is well established. However, one important and relatively unexplored question is whether or not the same rules of plant nutrient use efficiency apply to these essential elements even if they are not limiting to primary production. We examined conifer growth and nutrient use dynamics across sites with contrasting geologies (sedimentary and volcanic) that vary in both rock-derived mineral nutrient and N availability. Differences in bedrock geochemistry generally corresponded to differences in available soil nutrients, such that the volcanic site tended to have greater available nutrients. Foliar nutrient concentrations reflected both differences in bedrock chemistry and indices of available soil nutrients for P, K, and Mn. Aboveground biomass production did not follow expected patterns and was greater for trees growing on low nutrient sites, but only with respect to the annual woody increment. Fine litter production did not differ between sites. Finally, we found evidence for trade-offs between two commonly examined components of nutrient use efficiency (NUE): nutrient productivity (A n) and mean residence time of nutrients. However, we did not find evidence for higher plant NUE in soils with lower nutrient availability for N or rock-derived nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Castle
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive/CHCB 423, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA,
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31
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Effect of litter substrate quality and soil nutrients on forest litter decomposition: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Reed SC, Townsend AR, Davidson EA, Cleveland CC. Stoichiometric patterns in foliar nutrient resorption across multiple scales. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:173-180. [PMID: 22882279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
• Nutrient resorption is a fundamental process through which plants withdraw nutrients from leaves before abscission. Nutrient resorption patterns have the potential to reflect gradients in plant nutrient limitation and to affect a suite of terrestrial ecosystem functions. • Here, we used a stoichiometric approach to assess patterns in foliar resorption at a variety of scales, specifically exploring how N : P resorption ratios relate to presumed variation in N and/or P limitation and possible relationships between N : P resorption ratios and soil nutrient availability. • N : P resorption ratios varied significantly at the global scale, increasing with latitude and decreasing with mean annual temperature and precipitation. In general, tropical sites (absolute latitudes < 23°26') had N : P resorption ratios of < 1, and plants growing on highly weathered tropical soils maintained the lowest N : P resorption ratios. Resorption ratios also varied with forest age along an Amazonian forest regeneration chronosequence and among species in a diverse Costa Rican rain forest. • These results suggest that variations in N : P resorption stoichiometry offer insight into nutrient cycling and limitation at a variety of spatial scales, complementing other metrics of plant nutrient biogeochemistry. The extent to which the stoichiometric flexibility of resorption will help regulate terrestrial responses to global change merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532, USA
| | - Alan R Townsend
- INSTAAR & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Cory C Cleveland
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Vergutz L, Manzoni S, Porporato A, Novais RF, Jackson RB. Global resorption efficiencies and concentrations of carbon and nutrients in leaves of terrestrial plants. ECOL MONOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0416.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hirose T, Oikawa S. Mean residence time of leaf number, area, mass, and nitrogen in canopy photosynthesis. Oecologia 2012; 169:927-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Birouste M, Kazakou E, Blanchard A, Roumet C. Plant traits and decomposition: are the relationships for roots comparable to those for leaves? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:463-72. [PMID: 22143881 PMCID: PMC3268542 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fine root decomposition is an important determinant of nutrient and carbon cycling in grasslands; however, little is known about the factors controlling root decomposition among species. Our aim was to investigate whether interspecific variation in the potential decomposition rate of fine roots could be accounted for by root chemical and morphological traits, life history and taxonomic affiliation. We also investigated the co-ordinated variation in root and leaf traits and potential decomposition rates. METHODS We analysed potential decomposition rates and the chemical and morphological traits of fine roots on 18 Mediterranean herbaceous species grown in controlled conditions. The results were compared with those obtained for leaves in a previous study conducted on similar species. KEY RESULTS Differences in the potential decomposition rates of fine roots between species were accounted for by root chemical composition, but not by morphological traits. The root potential decomposition rate varied with taxonomy, but not with life history. Poaceae, with high cellulose concentration and low concentrations of soluble compounds and phosphorus, decomposed more slowly than Asteraceae and Fabaceae. Patterns of root traits, including decomposition rate, mirrored those of leaf traits, resulting in a similar species clustering. CONCLUSIONS The highly co-ordinated variation of roots and leaves in terms of traits and potential decomposition rate suggests that changes in the functional composition of communities in response to anthropogenic changes will strongly affect biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Birouste
- CNRS, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR, Montpellier, France.
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Hirose T. Leaf-level nitrogen use efficiency: definition and importance. Oecologia 2011; 169:591-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Friedrich U, von Oheimb G, Dziedek C, Kriebitzsch WU, Selbmann K, Härdtle W. Mechanisms of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) encroachment in dry heathland ecosystems with chronic nitrogen inputs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3553-3559. [PMID: 21872975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We analysed growth strategies (biomass allocation, nutrient sequestration and allocation) of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) seedlings in monocultures and mixtures in relation to N, P, and N + P fertilisation in a greenhouse experiment in order to simulate a heath's pioneer phase under high airborne nitrogen (N) loads. N fertilisation increased the total biomass of both species in monocultures. In mixtures, M. caerulea sequestered about 65% of the N applied, while C. vulgaris suffered from N shortage (halving of the total biomass). Thus, in mixtures only M. caerulea will benefit from airborne N loads, and competition will become increasingly asymmetric with increasing N availability. Our results demonstrate that the heath's pioneer phase is the crucial tipping point at which the competitive vigour of M. caerulea (high belowground allocation, efficient use of belowground resources, shortened reproductive cycles) induces a shift to dominance of grasses under increased N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Friedrich
- Institute of Ecology, University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststr 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
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He H, Bleby TM, Veneklaas EJ, Lambers H. Dinitrogen-fixing Acacia species from phosphorus-impoverished soils resorb leaf phosphorus efficiently. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:2060-70. [PMID: 21819412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption from senescing leaves were studied, and the contribution of N and P cycling through litterfall to soil nutrient patchiness was investigated for four Acacia species in the Great Sandy Desert in north-western Australia. N and P concentrations of mature and recently shed leaves were analysed and compared; soils under the canopies of the shrubs and soils in gaps (open areas) between the shrubs were also analysed and compared for N and P concentrations. Mature leaf P concentrations of the plants were considerably lower than the global average values, and N : P ratios of mature leaves were high. Plants derived 0-75% of their leaf N from symbiotic N(2)-fixation. N-resorption efficiency was between 0 and 43%, and P-resorption efficiency was between 32 and 79%; all plants were more efficient at P resorption than at N resorption, and litter N : P ratios were significantly higher than mature leaf N : P ratios. Soils of the study sites were P-impoverished. Total soil N and P concentrations were higher under the canopy than in gaps, but bicarbonate-extractable P concentration was higher in gaps. Nutrient cycling through litterfall results in soil nutrient patchiness and forms 'islands of fertility' under the canopies of the shrubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua He
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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Abstract
Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was originally defined as the dry mass productivity per unit N taken up from soil. The term was subsequently redefined as the product of nitrogen productivity (NP) and mean residence time of nitrogen (MRT). However, this redefinition was found to contradict the original definition under certain conditions, and confusion arose when the MRT defined for a steady-state system was applied to a system that was actually not at steady state. As MRT is the expected length of time that a unit of N newly taken up from soil is retained before being lost, it can be translated into the plant nitrogen duration (PND) divided by the total N uptake. This MRT is determined equally well for a steady state- and a non-steady state system and is in accordance with the original definition of NUE. It can be applied to a herbaceous perennial stand (that was at a steady state) and to an annual stand (that was not at a steady state) to determine NUE. NUE is also applicable when plant growth and reproduction are analyzed in relation to N use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaki Hirose
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
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Millard P, Grelet GA. Nitrogen storage and remobilization by trees: ecophysiological relevance in a changing world. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 30:1083-95. [PMID: 20551251 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage by trees will be discussed in terms of uncoupling their growth from resource acquisition. There are profound differences between the physiology of C and N storage. C storage acts as a short-term, temporary buffer when photosynthesis cannot meet current sink demand and remobilization is sink driven. However, the majority of C allocated to non-structural carbohydrates such as starch is not reused so is in fact sequestered, not stored. In contrast, N storage is seasonally programmed, closely linked to tree phenology and operates at temporal scales of months to years, with remobilization being source driven. We examine the ecological significance of N storage and remobilization in terms of regulating plant N use efficiency, allowing trees to uncouple seasonal growth from N uptake by roots and allowing recovery from disturbances such as browsing damage. We also briefly consider the importance of N storage and remobilization in regulating how trees will likely respond to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Most studies of N storage and remobilization have been restricted to small trees growing in a controlled environment where (15)N can be used easily as a tracer for mineral N. We highlight the need to describe and quantify these processes for adult trees in situ where most root N uptake occurs via ectomycorrhizal partners, an approach that now appears feasible for deciduous trees through quantification of the flux of remobilized N in their xylem. This opens new possibilities for studying interactions between N and C allocation in trees and associated mycorrhizal partners, which are likely to be crucial in regulating the response of trees to many aspects of global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Millard
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK.
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CAMPANELLA MARÍAVICTORIA, BERTILLER MÓNICAB. Is N-resorption efficiency related to secondary compounds and leaf longevity in coexisting plant species of the arid Patagonian Monte, Argentina? AUSTRAL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Freschet GT, Cornelissen JHC, van Logtestijn RSP, Aerts R. Substantial nutrient resorption from leaves, stems and roots in a subarctic flora: what is the link with other resource economics traits? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:879-889. [PMID: 20345640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
*Nutrient resorption and leaching resistance, through their roles in reducing nutrient losses, are important determinants of plant nutrient economy. However, the contributions of fine-stem and fine-root resorption, as well as leaf leaching resistance, have largely been overlooked. *We quantified the relative contributions of these processes to nutrient depletion of these organs during their senescence using 40 subarctic vascular species from aquatic, riparian and terrestrial environments. We hypothesized that interspecific variation in organ nutrient resorption and leaf leaching would be linked to the species' nutrient acquisitive-conservative strategies, as quantified for a set of common-organ nutrient/carbon economics traits. *The subarctic flora generally had both high resistance to leaching and high internal nutrient recycling. Average nutrient resorption efficiencies were substantial for leaves (nitrogen (N), 66 +/- 3% SE; phosphorus (P), 63 +/- 4%), fine stems (N, 48 +/- 4%; P, 56 +/- 4%) and fine roots (N, 27 +/- 7%; P, 57 +/- 6%). The link between nutrient resorption and other nutrient/carbon economics traits was very weak across species, for all three organs. *These results emphasize the potential importance of resorption processes for the plant nutrient budget. They also highlight the idiosyncrasies of the relationship between resorption processes and plant economics, which is potentially influenced by several plant physiological and structural adaptations to environmental factors other than nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard S P van Logtestijn
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hogan EJ, Minnullina G, Sheppard LJ, Leith ID, Crittenden PD. Response of phosphomonoesterase activity in the lichen Cladonia portentosa to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment in a field manipulation experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:926-933. [PMID: 20345638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
*Effects of nitrogen (N) enrichment on the heathland lichen Cladonia portentosa were quantified to test the hypothesis that modified N : phosphorus (P) relationships observed in this species in N-polluted natural environments are a direct effect of increased N deposition, and to evaluate potential confounding effects of N form and P availability. *Cladonia portentosa was harvested from experimental plots in lichen-rich peatland vegetation (background total N deposition of 8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) treated for 4 yr with additional wet N deposition at 0, 8, 24 and 56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as either NH(4)(+) or NO(3)(-), and with or without P added at either 0.6 or 4 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1). *Nitrogen enrichment increased thallus N concentration, N : P mass ratio and phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity by factors of up to 1.3, 1.4 and 1.7, respectively, effects being independent of N form. Phosphomonoesterase activity was tightly related to thallus N : P ratio with additions of P at 4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) depressing PME activity by a factor of 0.4. *Nitrogen enrichment induces P-limitation in C. portentosa with attendant changes in chemical and physiological characteristics that could be used as sensitive biomarkers with which to detect low levels of N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hogan
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - G Minnullina
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - L J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - I D Leith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - P D Crittenden
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Espeleta JF, West JB, Donovan LA. Tree species fine-root demography parallels habitat specialization across a sandhill soil resource gradient. Ecology 2009; 90:1773-87. [PMID: 19694127 DOI: 10.1890/08-0056.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Single species can substantially alter belowground processes in ecosystems via differential root production and death. However, information on species differences in fine-root demography is virtually absent for natural communities. In this field study, we recorded species-specific fine-root (<2 mm in diameter) demography in adults of four tree species (Pinus palustris, Quercus laevis, Q. incana, and Q. margaretta) that are distributed differentially along soil resource gradients in the fall-line sandhills of the southeastern United States. At a subxeric habitat where all four species co-occur, roots of individual trees of each species were isolated in rhizotrons and tracked individually for three years. Quercus species had similar fine-root morphology but differed substantially for fine-root demography and architecture. Quercus laevis and Q. incana, the species from xeric habitats, showed lower fine-root production, death, percentage mortality, turnover rates, and risk of death, and greater life span and mean root segment length (MRSL) than Q. margaretta, the species from subxeric habitats. Fine roots of P. palustris (a generalist) showed high production and intermediate mortality, turnover rate, longevity, and MRSL. Fine-root survival increased with root order (first to fourth in centripetal order), but the degree of change was species specific. Q. margaretta showed greater increases in survival with order, but all species had similar demography of third- and fourth-order roots. Mycorrhizal roots had greater longevity than non-mycorrhizal roots only in Q. laevis. Species differences were also seasonal. Although these Quercus species are leaf deciduous, some growth of fine roots occurred in Q. margaretta during the "leaf-dormant" season. In our narrow-scale species comparison, species differences in ecological distribution were consistent with the observed variation in fine-root demography and architecture with greater resolution than leaf characters or other root traits such as morphology. Our results also show that narrow-scale variation in fine-root demography (including intra-generic differences) can be as large as broad-scale variation across biomes and vegetation types. Hence, small shifts in community composition have the potential to produce substantial changes below ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Espeleta
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Marty C, Lamaze T, Pornon A. Endogenous sink-source interactions and soil nitrogen regulate leaf life-span in an evergreen shrub. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 183:1114-1123. [PMID: 19500264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
How the balance between exogenous and endogenous nitrogen for shoot growth varies with soil nitrogen availability, and its consequences on leaf life-span, have rarely been studied within a single species in the field. In this study, we investigated two Rhododendron ferrugineum populations with contrasting leaf life-span. Soil nitrogen availability and nitrogen resorption of different leaf age classes were assessed, as were the interactions between plant compartments, using (15)N labelling and sink organ suppression. The population growing on poorer soil had a shorter leaf life-span (17.9 vs 21.5 months) and a higher net contribution of leaf reserves to shoot growth (32% vs 15%), achieved by faster nitrogen resorption and greater shedding of young nitrogen-rich leaves. For both populations, wood contributed to over 40% of shoot nitrogen demand. Both the negative relationship between current-year shoot mass and the percentage of 1-yr-old attached leaves and the delay of leaf shedding after bud removal suggest that shoot development has a strong effect on leaf life-span. Our results suggest that, contrary to the evolutionary response, plastic response to low soil nitrogen could reduce leaf life-span in evergreen plants. In addition, leaf life-span seems to be strongly influenced by the discrepancy between shoot nitrogen demand and soil nitrogen uptake rather than nitrogen demand alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marty
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS-UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère, CNES-CNRS-IRD-UMR 5639, Université Paul Sabatier, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, bpi 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - T Lamaze
- Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère, CNES-CNRS-IRD-UMR 5639, Université Paul Sabatier, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, bpi 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A Pornon
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS-UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Kunkle JM, Walters MB, Kobe RK. Senescence-related changes in nitrogen in fine roots: mass loss affects estimation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:715-723. [PMID: 19203982 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fate of nitrogen (N) in senescing fine roots has broad implications for whole-plant N economies and ecosystem N cycling. Studies to date have generally shown negligible changes in fine root N per unit root mass during senescence. However, unmeasured loss of mobile non-N constituents during senescence could lead to underestimates of fine root N loss. For N fertilized and unfertilized potted seedlings of Populus tremuloides Michx., Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh. and Betula alleghaniensis Britton, we predicted that the fine roots would lose mass and N during senescence. We estimated mass loss as the product of changes in root mass per length and root length between live and recently dead fine roots. Changes in root N were compared among treatments on uncorrected mass, length (which is independent of changes in mass per length), calcium (Ca) and corrected mass bases and by evaluating the relationships of dead root N as a function of live root N, species and fertilization treatments. Across species, from live to dead roots, mass decreased 28-40%, N uncorrected for mass loss increased 10-35%, N per length decreased 5-16%, N per Ca declined 14-48% and N corrected for mass declined 12-28%. Given the magnitude of senescence-related root mass loss and uncertainties about Ca dynamics in senescing roots, N loss corrected for mass loss is likely the most reliable estimate of N loss. We re-evaluated the published estimates of N changes during root senescence based on our values of mass loss and found an average of 28% lower N in dead roots than in fine roots. Despite uncertainty about the contributions of resorption, leaching and microbial immobilization to the net loss of N during root senescence, live root N was a strong and proportional predictor of dead root N across species and fertilization treatments, suggesting that live root N alone could be used to predict the contributions of senescing fine roots to whole-plant N economies and N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Kunkle
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Blanco JA, Imbert JB, Castillo FJ. Thinning affects nutrient resorption and nutrient-use efficiency in two Pinus sylvestris stands in the Pyrenees. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 19:682-698. [PMID: 19425431 DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761-19.3.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Needle chemical composition was measured, and nutrient resorption, nutrient-use efficiency (NUE), and other indexes were estimated for 24 months in two contrasting natural Pinus sylvestris L. forests in the western Pyrenees in Spain. For each location (Aspurz, 650 m elevation, 7% slope; Garde, 1335 m elevation, 40% slope), there were three reference plots (P0), three plots with 20% of the basal area removed (P20), and three with 30% of the basal area removed (P30). Needle P, Ca, and Mg concentrations were higher in Garde, but N concentration was higher for Aspurz, without differences for K. Nutrient-resorption efficiency of P was higher in Aspurz, of Mg higher in Garde, and there were no differences between sites in N and K. Nutrient-resorption proficiency was significantly higher in the site with lower soil nutrient availability, i.e., for P, Ca, and Mg in Aspurz, but N in Garde (no differences in K); this may be an indicator of nutrient conservation strategy. Annual nutrient productivity (A) was higher for all nutrients in Aspurz, whereas the mean residence time (MRT) was higher in Garde in all nutrients but P. NUE was significantly higher in Garde for all nutrients but P, which was more efficiently used in Aspurz. In both sites, N, P, and K concentrations were higher in the 2002 cohort, Ca in the 2000 cohort, and maximum Mg was found in the 2001 cohort. Thinning caused a reduction of Mg concentration in the 2001 cohort in Aspurz, an increase of Ca resorption proficiency in Aspurz and Mg resorption at both sites, and reduction of P, K, and Mg nutrient response efficiency (NRE) in Garde. Thinning may have caused an increase of the C:Mg ratio through facilitating the development of more biosynthesis apparatus in a more illuminated canopy, but it seemed not to affect resorption in a significant way. Changes in NRE in Garde after thinning show that forest management can affect how trees use nutrients. Our results indicate that the strategy to optimize NUE is different in each stand. In Aspurz (a Mediterranean ecosystem), pine trees carried out resorption more efficiently, while in Garde (a continental forest), trees used nutrients for longer periods of time and reduced their efficiency in using the available soil nutrients after reduced competition by thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Blanco
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía s/n, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain
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Tripathi N, Singh RS, Singh JS. Impact of post-mining subsidence on nitrogen transformation in southern tropical dry deciduous forest, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:258-266. [PMID: 19147131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of our research was to assess the impact of post-mining land subsidence, caused due to underground coal mining operations, on fine root biomass and root tips count; plant available nutrient status, microbial biomass N (MBN) and N-mineralization rates of a Southern tropical dry deciduous forest of Singareni Coalfields of India. The changes were quantified in all the three (rainy, winter and summer) seasons, in slope and depression microsites of the subsided land and an adjacent undamaged forest microsite. Physico-chemical characteristics were found to be altered after subsidence, showing a positive impact of subsidence on soil moisture, bulk density, water holding capacity, organic carbon content, total N and total P. The increase in all the parameters was found in depression microsites, while in slope microsites, the values were lower. Fine root biomass and root tips count increased in the subsided depression microsites, as demonstrated by increases of 62% and 45%, respectively. Soil nitrate-N and phosphate-P concentrations were also found to be higher in depression microsite, showing an increase of 35.68% and 24.74%, respectively. Depression microsite has also shown the higher MBN value with an increase over control. Net nitrification, net N-mineralization and MBN were increased in depression microsite by 29.77%, 25.72% and 34%, respectively. There was a positive relation of microbial N with organic C, fine root biomass and root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tripathi
- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad 826 001, India.
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Herbert DA, Fourqurean JW. Ecosystem Structure and Function Still Altered Two Decades After Short-Term Fertilization of a Seagrass Meadow. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vergeer P, Van Den Berg LLJ, Bulling MT, Ashmore MR, Kunin WE. Geographical variation in the response to nitrogen deposition in Arabidopsis lyrata petraea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 179:129-141. [PMID: 18422899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive responses to atmospheric nitrogen deposition for different European accessions of Arabidopsis lyrata petraea were analysed using populations along a strong atmospheric N-deposition gradient. Plants were exposed to three N-deposition rates, reflecting the rates at the different locations, in a full factorial design. Differences between accessions in the response to N were found for important phenological and physiological response variables. For example, plants from low-deposition areas had higher nitrogen-use efficiencies (NUE) and C : N ratios than plants from areas high in N deposition when grown at low N-deposition rates. The NUE decreased in all accessions at higher experimental deposition rates. However, plants from high-deposition areas showed a limited capacity to increase their NUE at lower experimental deposition rates. Plants from low-deposition areas had faster growth rates, higher leaf turnover rates and shorter times to flowering, and showed a greater increase in growth rate in response to N deposition than those from high-deposition areas. Indications for adaptation to N deposition were found, and results suggest that adaptation of plants from areas high in N deposition to increased N deposition has resulted in the loss of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippine Vergeer
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Mark T Bulling
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mike R Ashmore
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William E Kunin
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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