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Liu XY, Xie W, Zhou HY, Zhang HQ, Jin YS. A comprehensive overview on antiviral effects of baicalein and its glucuronide derivative baicalin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:S2095-4964(24)00390-X. [PMID: 39368944 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Natural product-based antiviral candidates have received significant attention. However, there is a lack of sufficient research in the field of antivirals to effectively combat patterns of drug resistance. Baicalein and its glucuronide derivative baicalin are two main components extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. They have proven to be effective against a broad range of viruses by directly killing virus particles, protecting infected cells, and targeting viral antigens on their surface, among other mechanisms. As natural products, they both possess the advantage of lower toxicity, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and even antagonistic effects against drug-resistant viral strains. Baicalein and baicalin exhibit promising potential as potent pharmacophore scaffolds, demonstrating their antiviral properties. However, to date, no review on the antiviral effects of baicalein and baicalin has been published. This review summarizes the recent research progress on antiviral effects of baicalein and baicalin against various types of viruses both in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the dosages and underlying mechanisms. The aim is to provide a basis for the rational development and utilization of baicalein and baicalin, as well as to promote antiviral drug research. Please cite this article as: Liu XY, Xie W, Zhou HY, Zhang HQ, Jin YS. A comprehensive overview on antiviral effects of baicalein and its glucuronide derivative baicalin. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - He-Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Qing Zhang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Chang W, Wang J, Wu F, Zhang H, Yang M. Antiviral activity and underlying mechanisms of baicalin against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106712. [PMID: 38851360 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a major challenge for the global swine industry, causing huge economic losses worldwide. To date, there are no effective measures to prevent and control the spread of PRRS virus (PRRSV). Baicalin (BA) is a natural flavonoid with various pharmacological effects, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Here, we demonstrate that BA exhibits potent anti-PRRSV activity in vitro, BA concentrations in the range of 5-20 μg/mL significantly inhibited PRRSV infection in a dose-dependent manner and were independent of PRRSV strain. Mechanistically, BA inhibited PRRSV replication by directly interacting with virions, thereby affecting multiple stages of the virus life cycle. Meanwhile, the preventive effect of BA on PRRSV could be realized by inhibiting CD151 and CD163 expression. Furthermore, BA reduced the PRRSV-induced expression of PAMs cytokines (IFN-α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), suggesting that BA-induced antiviral cytokines may help BA inhibit PRRSV infection. Taken together, BA can be used as an inhibitor of PRRSV infection in vitro, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of BA and the prevention and control of PRRSV infection, which is worthy of further in vivo studies in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Chang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China
| | - Feifan Wu
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China
| | - Mingfan Yang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan province, China.
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Abdizadeh T. Identification of novel potential inhibitors of monkeypox virus thymidine kinase using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM/PBSA methods. Mol Divers 2024; 28:2513-2546. [PMID: 37462851 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The monkeypox spread has been announced a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Both monkeypox and smallpox viruses are placed in the genus Orthopoxvirus. Despite recommendations for the administration of smallpox drugs versus monkeypox, no specific drug for monkeypox has yet been introduced. A reliable and effective method against this outbreak can be the use of natural products. This study aimed for identification of natural flavonoid derivatives as potential thymidine kinase inhibitors, the main drug target of monkeypox virus. Thymidine kinase protein structure was predicted by homology modeling and the quality of generated model was evaluated. Then, the interaction between natural flavonoids and the modeled thymidine kinase was explored by molecular docking. Based on docking results, more than half of the flavonoids with higher docking scores compared to reference drug (ganciclovir) were exhibited better binding affinities toward the protein. In addition, stability of the top flavonoids including eupatorin, fisetin, rhamnetin and scutellarein, was confirmed by MD simulations and binding free energy calculations using MM/PBSA analysis. These selected compounds were also shown acceptable results for drug likeness and ADMET analysis. Therefore, the results of the study showed that these flavonoids could be considered as potential thymidine kinase inhibitors for use against monkeypox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Abdizadeh
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Fan J, Xi P, Liu H, Song X, Zhao X, Zhou X, Zou Y, Fu Y, Li L, Jia R, Yin Z. Myricetin inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication by targeting papain-like protease deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1433664. [PMID: 39050632 PMCID: PMC11266173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myricetin, a natural flavonoid found in various foods, was investigated for its antiviral effect against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). This α-coronavirus causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. The study focused on the papain-like protease (PLpro), which plays a crucial role in coronavirus immune evasion by mediating deubiquitination. Targeting PLpro could potentially disrupt viral replication and enhance antiviral responses. The results demonstrated that myricetin effectively inhibited TGEV-induced cytopathic effects in a dose-dependent manner, with an EC50 value of 31.19 μM. Myricetin significantly reduced TGEV viral load within 48 h after an 8-h co-incubation period. Further investigations revealed that myricetin at a concentration of 100 μM directly inactivated TGEV and suppressed its intracellular replication stage. Moreover, pretreatment with 100 μM myricetin conferred a protective effect on PK-15 cells against TGEV infection. Myricetin competitively inhibited PLpro with an IC50 value of 6.563 μM. Molecular docking experiments show that myricetin binds to the Cys102 residue of PLpro through conventional hydrogen bonds, Pi-sulfur, and Pi-alkyl interactions. This binding was confirmed through site-directed mutagenesis experiments, indicating myricetin as a potential candidate for preventing and treating TGEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Fan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyuan Xi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huimao Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Mandalari G, Pennisi R, Gervasi T, Sciortino MT. Pistacia vera L. as natural source against antimicrobial and antiviral resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396514. [PMID: 39011148 PMCID: PMC11246903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased global research is focused on the development of novel therapeutics to combat antimicrobial and antiviral resistance. Pistachio nuts represent a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals (carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins). The phytochemicals found in pistachios are structurally diverse compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral potential, demonstrated as individual compounds, extracts and complexed into nanoparticles. Synergistic effects have also been reported in combination with existing drugs. Here we report an overview of the antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio nuts: studies show that Gram-positive bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, are the most susceptible amongst bacteria, whereas antiviral effect has been reported against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Amongst the known pistachio compounds, zeaxanthin has been shown to affect both HSV-1 attachment penetration of human cells and viral DNA synthesis. These data suggest that pistachio extracts and derivatives could be used for the topical treatment of S. aureus skin infections and ocular herpes infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Abd-Elshafy DN, Abdallah H, Nadeem R, Shalaby MS, Shaban AM, Bahgat MM. Production of Disinfective Coating Layer to Facial Masks Supplemented with Camellia sinensis Extract. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:198. [PMID: 38819647 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although usefulness of masks for protection against respiratory pathogens, accumulation of pathogens on their surface represents a source of infection spread. Here we prepared a plant extract-based disinfecting layer to be used in coating masks thus inhibiting their capacity to transmit airborne pathogens. To reach this, a polypropylene membrane base was coated with a layer of polyvinyledine difluoride polymer containing 500 μg/ml of Camellia sinensis (Black tea) methanolic extract. Direct inhibitory effects of C. sinensis were initially demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus (respiratory bacteria), influenza A virus (enveloped virus) and adenovirus 1 (non-enveloped virus) which were directly proportional to both extract concentration and incubation time with the pathogen. This was later confirmed by the capacity of the supplemented membrane with the plant extract to block infectivity of the above mentioned pathogens, recorded % inhibition values were 61, 72 and 50 for S. aureus, influenza and adenovirus, respectively. In addition to the disinfecting capacity of the membrane its hydrophobic nature and pore size (154 nm) prevented penetration of dust particles or water droplets carrying respiratory pathogens. In summary, introducing this layer could protect users from infection and decrease infection risk upon handling contaminated masks surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and climate change, the National Research Centre, 30 Elbehoos street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdallah
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Institute of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rola Nadeem
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Saied Shalaby
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Institute of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Shaban
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and climate change, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Poerio G, Liguori G, Lombardi R, Naturale MD, Bulotta RM, Biondi V, Passantino A, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Hive Products: Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:646. [PMID: 38794216 PMCID: PMC11124102 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Beekeeping provides products with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical characteristics. These products are characterized by abundance of bioactive compounds. For different reasons, honey, royal jelly, propolis, venom, and pollen are beneficial to humans and animals and could be used as therapeutics. The pharmacological action of these products is related to many of their constituents. The main bioactive components of honey include oligosaccharides, methylglyoxal, royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and phenolics compounds. Royal jelly contains jelleins, royalisin peptides, MRJPs, and derivatives of hydroxy-decenoic acid, particularly 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, metabolic syndrome-preventing, and anti-aging properties. Propolis has a plethora of activities that are referable to compounds such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Peptides found in bee venom include phospholipase A2, apamin, and melittin. In addition to being vitamin-rich, bee pollen also includes unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and phenolics compounds that express antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the constituents of hive products are particular and different. All of these constituents have been investigated for their properties in numerous research studies. This review aims to provide a thorough screening of the bioactive chemicals found in honeybee products and their beneficial biological effects. The manuscript may provide impetus to the branch of unconventional medicine that goes by the name of apitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giusi Poerio
- ATS Val Padana, Via dei Toscani, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | | | - Renato Lombardi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Maria Diana Naturale
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General for Health Programming, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (R.M.B.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Center for Pharmacological Research, Food Safety, High Tech and Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Li Y, Li S, Shou Z, Li Y, Li A, Liu W, Zhang X, Zhou C, Xu D, Li L. Integration of network pharmacology with experimental validation to reveal the mechanism of action of Longdan Xiegan Decoction against HSV2 infection and determine its effective components. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117861. [PMID: 38316223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has made enormous strides recently in the discovery of anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) drugs under the guidance of TCM theory. Longdan Xiegan Decoction (LXD), a formulation recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, has proved to be effective against HSV infection. However, its effective components and action mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effective components and mechanisms of LXD in treating HSV infection based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-HSV activities of key compounds predicted by network analysis were detected by antiviral tests. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to identify the main components of the LXD aqueous extract. Time-of-addition assay and infectivity inhibition reversibility assay were conducted to identify the potential antiviral mechanisms of licochalcone B (LCB). Additionally, we assessed the antiviral effect of LCB in vivo by use of body weight, viral load, histological analysis, and scoring of genital lesions in an HSV2-infected mouse model. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that some components exhibited significant anti-HSV1/2 activity in vitro, including quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, formononetin, naringenin, baicalein, isorhamnetin, glabridin, licochalcone A, echinatin, oroxylin A, isoliquiritigenin, pinocembrin, LCB and acacetin. HPLC analysis showed that LCB was the main component of LXD aqueous extract. In vitro experiments revealed that LCB not only inactivated HSV2 particles, but also inhibited HSV2 multiplication through the inhibition of the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream targets. In vivo experiments confirmed that LCB could significantly reduce viral titer, delay weight loss, and alleviate pathological changes in vaginal tissue in vaginal infection mouse models. CONCLUSION LCB acted as the main component of LXD, with significant anti-HSV2 infection effects both in vivo and in vitro. This study provides additional evidence of the healing efficacy of LXD against HSV infection and presents an efficient analytical method for further investigation of the mechanisms of TCM in prevention and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Siyan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zeren Shou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yibin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Axin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Pharmacy Development, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Lin Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Rahangdale R, Ghormode P, Tender T, Balireddy S, Birangal S, Kishore R, Mohammad FS, Pasupuleti M, Chandrashekar H R. Anti-HSV activity of nectin-1-derived peptides targeting HSV gD: an in-silico and in-vitro approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38720617 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2349525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections affect a wide range of the global population. The emergence of resistance to the existing anti-HSV therapy highlights the necessity for an innovative strategy. The interaction of HSV gD with its main host receptor nectin-1 is a potential target for new antiviral drugs. The aim of this study was to develop a peptide derived from nectin-1 targeting HSV gD using the in-silico method and evaluate them for anti-HSV activity. Residues 59-133 of the Nectin-1 V-domain constitute the interaction interface with HSV gD. Bioinformatic tools viz., PEP-FOLD3, ClusPro 2.0, HawkDock and Desmond were used to model the peptide and confirm its binding specificity with HSV gD protein. The peptides with potential interactions were custom synthesized and anti-HSV activity was evaluated in vitro against HSV-1 and HSV-2 by CPE inhibition assay. Five peptide sequences were identified as exhibiting good interaction with HSV-gD proteins. Among them, peptide N1 (residues 76-90) offered maximum protection against HSV-1 (66.57%) and HSV-2 (71.12%) infections. Modification of the identified peptide through peptidomimetic approaches may further enhance the activity and stability of the identified peptide.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rahangdale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Parnavi Ghormode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tenzin Tender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sridevi Balireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sumit Birangal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raj Kishore
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Fayaz Shaik Mohammad
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Hasnat H, Shompa SA, Islam MM, Alam S, Richi FT, Emon NU, Ashrafi S, Ahmed NU, Chowdhury MNR, Fatema N, Hossain MS, Ghosh A, Ahmed F. Flavonoids: A treasure house of prospective pharmacological potentials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27533. [PMID: 38496846 PMCID: PMC10944245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are organic compounds characterized by a range of phenolic structures, which are abundantly present in various natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine. The health advantages of these natural substances are renowned, and initiatives are being taken to extract the flavonoids. Apigenin, galangin, hesperetin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and quercetin are the seven most common compounds belonging to this class. A thorough analysis of bibliographic records from reliable sources including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and others was done to learn more about the biological activities of these flavonoids. These flavonoids appear to have promising anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxic, and lipid-lowering activities, according to evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. The review contains recent trends, therapeutical interventions, and futuristic aspects of flavonoids to treat several diseases like diabetes, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. However, this manuscript should be handy in future drug discovery. Despite these encouraging findings, a notable gap exists in clinical research, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the effects of flavonoids at both high and low concentrations on human health. Future investigations should prioritize exploring bioavailability, given the potential for high inter-individual variation. As a starting point for further study on these flavonoids, this review paper may promote identifying and creating innovative therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Suriya Akter Shompa
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mirazul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Ahmed
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nour Fatema
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Avoy Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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11
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Bajetto G, Arnodo D, Biolatti M, Trifirò L, Albano C, Pasquero S, Gugliesi F, Campo E, Spyrakis F, Prandi C, De Andrea M, Dell’Oste V, Visentin I, Blangetti M. Antiherpetic Activity of a Root Exudate from Solanum lycopersicum. Microorganisms 2024; 12:373. [PMID: 38399777 PMCID: PMC10892521 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of drug resistance to antivirals poses a significant global concern for public health; therefore, there is a pressing need to identify novel compounds that can effectively counteract strains resistant to current antiviral treatments. In light of this, researchers have been exploring new approaches, including the investigation of natural compounds as alternative sources for developing potent antiviral therapies. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the antiviral properties of the organic-soluble fraction of a root exudate derived from the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum in the context of herpesvirus infections. Our findings demonstrated that a root exudate from Solanum lycopersicum exhibits remarkable efficacy against prominent members of the family Herpesviridae, specifically herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (EC50 25.57 µg/mL, SI > 15.64) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (EC50 9.17 µg/mL, SI 32.28) by inhibiting a molecular event during the herpesvirus replication phase. Moreover, the phytochemical fingerprint of the Solanum lycopersicum root exudate was characterized through mass spectrometry. Overall, these data have unveiled a novel natural product with antiherpetic activity, presenting a promising and valuable alternative to existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bajetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Arnodo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Linda Trifirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Camilla Albano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Selina Pasquero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Francesca Gugliesi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Eva Campo
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (E.C.); (I.V.)
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell’Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.); (L.T.); (C.A.); (S.P.); (F.G.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Ivan Visentin
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (E.C.); (I.V.)
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.A.); (C.P.)
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12
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Saha C, Naskar R, Chakraborty S. Antiviral Flavonoids: A Natural Scaffold with Prospects as Phytomedicines against SARS-CoV2. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:39-59. [PMID: 37138419 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230503105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are vital candidates to fight against a wide range of pathogenic microbial infections. Due to their therapeutic potential, many flavonoids from the herbs of traditional medicine systems are now being evaluated as lead compounds to develop potential antimicrobial hits. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caused one of the deadliest pandemics that has ever been known to mankind. To date, more than 600 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV2 infection have been reported worldwide. Situations are worse due to the unavailability of therapeutics to combat the viral disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop drugs against SARS-CoV2 and its emerging variants. Here, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic analysis of the antiviral efficacy of flavonoids in terms of their potential targets and structural feature required for exerting their antiviral activity. A catalog of various promising flavonoid compounds has been shown to elicit inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV proteases. However, they act in the high-micromolar regime. Thus a proper leadoptimization against the various proteases of SARS-CoV2 can lead to high-affinity SARS-CoV2 protease inhibitors. To enable lead optimization, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has been developed for the flavonoids that have shown antiviral activity against viral proteases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence similarities between coronavirus proteases enable the applicability of the developed QSAR to SARS-CoV2 proteases inhibitor screening. The detailed mechanistic analysis of the antiviral flavonoids and the developed QSAR models is a step forward toward the development of flavonoid-based therapeutics or supplements to fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeet Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India
| | - Roumi Naskar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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13
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Gabbianelli R, Shahar E, de Simone G, Rucci C, Bordoni L, Feliziani G, Zhao F, Ferrati M, Maggi F, Spinozzi E, Mahajna J. Plant-Derived Epi-Nutraceuticals as Potential Broad-Spectrum Anti-Viral Agents. Nutrients 2023; 15:4719. [PMID: 38004113 PMCID: PMC10675658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be diminishing, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants represents a threat to humans due to their inherent transmissibility, immunological evasion, virulence, and invulnerability to existing therapies. The COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 500 million people and caused over 6 million deaths. Vaccines are essential, but in circumstances in which vaccination is not accessible or in individuals with compromised immune systems, drugs can provide additional protection. Targeting host signaling pathways is recommended due to their genomic stability and resistance barriers. Moreover, targeting host factors allows us to develop compounds that are effective against different viral variants as well as against newly emerging virus strains. In recent years, the globe has experienced climate change, which may contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases through a variety of factors. Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can increase the geographic range of disease-carrying vectors, increasing the risk of diseases spreading to new areas. Climate change may also affect vector behavior, leading to a longer breeding season and more breeding sites for disease vectors. Climate change may also disrupt ecosystems, bringing humans closer to wildlife that transmits zoonotic diseases. All the above factors may accelerate the emergence of new viral epidemics. Plant-derived products, which have been used in traditional medicine for treating pathological conditions, offer structurally novel therapeutic compounds, including those with anti-viral activity. In addition, plant-derived bioactive substances might serve as the ideal basis for developing sustainable/efficient/cost-effective anti-viral alternatives. Interest in herbal antiviral products has increased. More than 50% of approved drugs originate from herbal sources. Plant-derived compounds offer diverse structures and bioactive molecules that are candidates for new drug development. Combining these therapies with conventional drugs could improve patient outcomes. Epigenetics modifications in the genome can affect gene expression without altering DNA sequences. Host cells can use epigenetic gene regulation as a mechanism to silence incoming viral DNA molecules, while viruses recruit cellular epitranscriptomic (covalent modifications of RNAs) modifiers to increase the translational efficiency and transcript stability of viral transcripts to enhance viral gene expression and replication. Moreover, viruses manipulate host cells' epigenetic machinery to ensure productive viral infections. Environmental factors, such as natural products, may influence epigenetic modifications. In this review, we explore the potential of plant-derived substances as epigenetic modifiers for broad-spectrum anti-viral activity, reviewing their modulation processes and anti-viral effects on DNA and RNA viruses, as well as addressing future research objectives in this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ehud Shahar
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
| | - Gaia de Simone
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Chiara Rucci
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Giulia Feliziani
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
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Wang Y, Li F, Wang Z, Song X, Ren Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zheng K. Luteolin inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 infection by activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-mediated antiviral innate immunity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155020. [PMID: 37632997 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successive outbreaks of large-scale infectious diseases due to virus infection have been a major threat to human health in recent decades. Herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) is a widely-disseminated DNA virus that infects the central nervous system to cause herpes labialis, keratitis and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE), resulting in recurrent lifelong clinical or subclinical episodes. Luteolin is a plant flavone that has been extensively used in the treatment of various human diseases, including carcinogenesis, inflammation and chronic degenerative diseases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral molecular mechanism of luteolin against HSV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The antiviral effect of luteolin in cell lines was examined by viral plaque assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot and time-of-addition assay. The interaction between luteolin and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) was evaluated by molecular modeling and semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis. The efficacy of luteolin on HSE was evaluated in the HSE mouse model by analyzing weight loss, neurodegenerative symptoms and histopathological scores. Cytokine expression and protein levels were examined by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS Luteolin inhibited the early process of HSV-1 infection, without affecting the infection of acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains. In addition, luteolin enhanced antiviral type I interferon production and activated the cytoplasmic DNA-sensing cGAS-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway. Luteolin directly bound the active substrate binding site and promoted the oligomerization of cGAS. Luteolin also inhibited HSE-related weight loss, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in mice caused by HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, luteolin enhanced type I interferon expression and stimulated the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION Luteolin inhibited the post-entry process of HSV-1 by activating the cGAS-STING pathway to promote antiviral interferon production. These results provided the rationale for luteolin as a potent cGAS activator and antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial biotechnology drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, National Engineering Research Centre for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial biotechnology drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, National Engineering Research Centre for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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15
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Jahajeeah D, Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya M, Schäfer G. Metabolic Profiling, Antiviral Activity and the Microbiome of Some Mauritian Soft Corals. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:574. [PMID: 37999398 PMCID: PMC10672535 DOI: 10.3390/md21110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft corals, recognized as sessile marine invertebrates, rely mainly on chemical, rather than physical defense, by secreting intricate secondary metabolites with plausible pharmaceutical implication. Their ecological niche encompasses a diverse community of symbiotic microorganisms which potentially contribute to the biosynthesis of these bioactive metabolites. The emergence of new viruses and heightened viral resistance underscores the urgency to explore novel pharmacological reservoirs. Thus, marine organisms, notably soft corals and their symbionts, have drawn substantial attention. In this study, the chemical composition of four Mauritian soft corals: Sinularia polydactya, Cespitularia simplex, Lobophytum patulum, and Lobophytum crassum was investigated using LC-MS techniques. Concurrently, Illumina 16S metagenomic sequencing was used to identify the associated bacterial communities in the named soft corals. The presence of unique biologically important compounds and vast microbial communities found therein was further followed up to assess their antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 and HPV pseudovirus infection. Strikingly, among the studied soft corals, L. patulum displayed an expansive repertoire of unique metabolites alongside a heightened bacterial consort. Moreover, L. patulum extracts exerted some promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and HPV pseudovirus infection, and our findings suggest that L. patulum may have the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent in the prevention of infectious diseases, thereby warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeya Jahajeeah
- Department of Agricultural & Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius;
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Mala Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya
- Department of Agricultural & Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
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16
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Natural photosensitizers potentiate the targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as the Monkeypox virus entry inhibitors: An in silico approach. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103656. [PMID: 37336465 PMCID: PMC10275794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease that has emerged as a threat to public health. Currently, there is no treatment approved specifically targeting Monkeypox disease. Hence, it is essential to identify and develop therapeutic approaches to the Monkeypox virus. In the current in silico paper, we comprehensively involve using computer simulations and modeling to insights and predict hypotheses on the potential of natural photosensitizers-mediated targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against D8L as a Monkeypox virus protein involved in viral cell entry. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study, computational techniques such as molecular docking were combined with in silico ADMET predictions to examine how Curcumin (Cur), Quercetin (Qct), and Riboflavin (Rib) as the natural photosensitizers bind to the D8L protein in Monkeypox virus, as well as to determine pharmacokinetic properties of these photosensitizers. RESULTS The three-dimensional structure of the D8L protein in the Monkeypox virus was constructed using homology modeling (PDB ID: 4E9O). According to the physicochemical properties and functional characterization, 4E9O was a stable protein with the nature of a hydrophilic structure. The docking studies employing a three-dimensional model of 4E9O with natural photosensitizers exhibited good binding affinity. D8L protein illustrated the best docking score (-7.6 kcal/mol) in relation to the Rib and displayed good docking scores in relation to the Cur (-7.0 kcal/mol) and Qct (-7.5 kcal/mol). CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that all three photosensitizers were found to obey the criteria of Lipinski's rule of five and displayed drug-likeness. Moreover, all the tested photosensitizers were found to be non-hepatotoxic and non-cytotoxic. In summary, our investigation identified Cur, Qct, and Rib could efficiently interact with D8L protein with a strong binding affinity. It can be concluded that aPDT using these natural photosensitizers may be considered an adjuvant treatment against Monkeypox disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Huang Q, Wang M, Wang M, Lu Y, Wang X, Chen X, Yang X, Guo H, He R, Luo Z. Scutellaria baicalensis: a promising natural source of antiviral compounds for the treatment of viral diseases. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:563-575. [PMID: 37611975 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, the smallest microorganisms, continue to present an escalating threat to human health, being the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Over the decades, although significant progress has been made in the development of therapies and vaccines against viral diseases, the need for effective antiviral interventions remains urgent. This urgency stems from the lack of effective vaccines, the severe side effects associated with current drugs, and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. Natural plants, particularly traditionally-used herbs, are often considered an excellent source of medicinal drugs with potent antiviral efficacy, as well as a substantial safety profile. Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, has garnered considerable attention due to its extensive investigation across diverse therapeutic areas and its demonstrated efficacy in both preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we mainly focused on the potential antiviral activities of ingredients in Scutellaria baicalensis, shedding light on their underlying mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Muyang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 612505, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Rongrong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 612505, China.
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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18
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Zheleznichenko T, Voronkova M, Asbaganov S, Kukushkina T, Filippova E, Protsenko M, Mazurkova N, Novikova T. Impact of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on secondary metabolites accumulation in Nitraria schoberi L. hairy roots and antiviral activity of their extracts against influenza virus of subtypes A (H5N1) and A (H3N2). IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2023; 59:1-15. [PMID: 37363438 PMCID: PMC10101541 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-023-10343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To optimize protocol for obtaining hairy roots of Nitraria schoberi L. with high antiviral activities, factors such as four strain types of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, ATCC15834, R-1601, 8196), two explant types, namely cotyledonous and primary leaves of seedlings, and different cultivation durations (30 and 90 d) were studied. The formation of hairy roots was observed after 2 to 4 wk of incubation, depending on the type of explant and the strain of A. rhizogenes used. The maximum transformation frequency (85.7%) was observed in the cotyledons genetically modified with the strain ATCC15834. The transgenic nature of hairy roots was revealed by PCR with primers to the Agrobacterium oncogenes rolB and rolC. The absence of contamination of the culture by A. rhizogenes was confirmed by primers to the virC and virD1 genes. Phytochemical analysis showed that accumulation of individual metabolites in the line samples exceeded their levels in the native Nitraria roots. Catechin content in the cultures of long-term cultivation (90 d) was found 1.4 to 2.2 times higher than the same samples of short cultivation (30 d) and 4.8 to 10.8 times higher in comparison with the native roots. The most productive in terms of catechin level were hairy roots of long-term cultivation obtained during the transformation of primary leaves of N. schoberi seedlings with ATCC15834 strain. These data were consistent with the highest antiviral activities against influenza viruses of A (H5N1) and A (H3N2) subtypes with neutralization indexes 6.5 to 6.75 log10, and selectivity index values were in the range 15.4 to 16.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zheleznichenko
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Voronkova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Asbaganov
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Kukushkina
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Filippova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Protsenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya Mazurkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “VECTOR” 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Novikova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya, 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Triratapiban C, Lueangaramkul V, Phecharat N, Pantanam A, Lekcharoensuk P, Theerawatanasirikul S. First study on in vitro antiviral and virucidal effects of flavonoids against feline infectious peritonitis virus at the early stage of infection. Vet World 2023; 16:618-630. [PMID: 37041840 PMCID: PMC10082729 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.618-630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), one of the most important infectious diseases in cats is caused by FIP virus (FIPV), a mutated variant of feline coronavirus. Feline infectious peritonitis has a negative impact on feline health, with extremely high mortality in clinical FIP-infected cats, particularly young cats. There are no approved drugs for FIP treatment, and therapeutic possibilities for FIP treatment are limited. This study aimed to utilize nature-derived bioactive flavonoids with antiviral properties to inhibit FIPV infection in Crandell–Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of 16 flavonoids was evaluated on CRFK cells using a colorimetric method (MTS) assay. Viral kinetics of FIPV at 50 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/well was determined during the first 24-h post-infection (HPI). Antiviral activity was evaluated based on the replication steps of the virus life cycle, including pre-compound, attachment, penetration, post-viral entry, and virucidal assays. The antiviral efficacy of flavonoids against FIPV was determined based on positive FIPV-infected cells with the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay and viral load quantification using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Two flavonoids, namely, isoginkgetin and luteolin, inhibited FIPV replication during post-viral entry in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% maximal effective concentrations = 4.77 ± 0.09 and 36.28 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Based on viral kinetics, both flavonoids could inhibit FIPV replication at the early stage of infection at 0–6-HPI for isoginkgetin and 2–6-HPI for luteolin using a time-of-addition assay. Isoginkgetin exerted a direct virucidal effect that reduced the viral titers by 2 and 1.89 log10 TCID50/mL at 60 and 120 min, respectively.
Conclusion: Isoginkgetin interfered with FIPV replication during both post-viral infection and virucidal experiments on CRFK cells, whereas luteolin inhibited the virus after infection. These results demonstrate the potential of herbal medicine for treating FIP.
Keywords: antiviral, feline coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, flavonoids, infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanittha Triratapiban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Varanya Lueangaramkul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Phecharat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Achiraya Pantanam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sirin Theerawatanasirikul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Corresponding author: Sirin Theerawatanasirikul, e-mail: Co-authors: CT: , VL: , NP: , AP: , PL:
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Halevas E, Mavroidi B, Zahariou G, Pelecanou M, Hatzidimitriou AG. Structurally characterized copper complexes of flavonoid naringenin with enhanced radical scavenging activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Thirumoorthy G, Tarachand SP, Nagella P, Veerappa Lakshmaiah V. Identification of potential ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors from Andrographis paniculata: An insilico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11203-11215. [PMID: 34319220 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1956592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is a widely used medicinal plant for treating a variety of human infections. The plant's bioactives have been shown to have a variety of biological activities in various studies, including potential antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of experimental models. The present investigation identifies a potent antiviral compound from the phytochemicals of Andrographis paniculata against Zika virus using computational docking simulation. The ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease, which is involved in viral replication, has been considered as a promising target for Zika virus drug development. The bioactives from Andrographis paniculata, along with standard drugs as control were screened for their binding energy using AutoDock 4.2 against the viral protein. Based on the higher binding affinity the phytocompounds Bisandrographolide A (-11.7), Andrographolide (-10.2) and Andrographiside (-9.7) have convenient interactions at the binding site of target protein (ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease) in comparison with the control drug. In addition, using insilico tools, the selected high-scoring molecules were analysed for pharmacological properties such as ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion profile) and toxicity. Andrographolide was reported to have strong pharmacodynamics properties and target accuracy based on the Lipinski rule and lower binding energy. The selected bioactives showed lower AMES toxicity and has potent antiviral activity against zika virus targets. Further, MD simulation studies validated Bisandrographolide A & Andrographolide as a potential hit compound by exhibiting good binding with the target protein. The compounds exhibited good hydrogen bonds with ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease. As a result, bioactives from the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata can be studied in vitro and in vivo to develop an antiviral phytopharmaceutical for the successful treatment of zika virus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharma Pooja Tarachand
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Park S, Kim NE, Park BJ, Kwon HC, Song YJ. Kaempferol Interferes with Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication in Human Foreskin Fibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121582. [PMID: 36559033 PMCID: PMC9788135 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid abundantly found in plants, is known to have pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of kaempferol against a varicella-zoster virus (VZV) clinical isolate in vitro. We found that kaempferol significantly inhibited VZV replication without exhibiting cytotoxicity. Kaempferol exerted its antiviral effect at a similar stage of the VZV life cycle as acyclovir, which inhibits VZV DNA replication. Taken together, our results suggest that kaempferol inhibits VZV infection by blocking the DNA replication stage in the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Ju Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-8731; Fax: +82-31-750-8753
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Liu T, Shao Q, Wang W, Ma Y, Liu T, Jin X, Fang J, Huang G, Chen Z. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to decipher the mechanism of the Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 in protecting against HSV-2 infection. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:451-466. [PMID: 35180012 PMCID: PMC8865133 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2038209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Chinese herbal prescription JieZe-1 (JZ-1) is effective against HSV-2 (Herpes simplex virus type 2) infection. However, its mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of JZ-1 in protecting against HSV-2 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the methods of network pharmacology, the hub components and targets were screened and functionally enriched. We established a genital herpes (GH) mouse model and observe the disease characteristics. Then, the GH mice in different groups (10 per/group) were treated with 20 μL JZ-1 gel (2.5, 1.5, and 0.5 g/mL), acyclovir gel (0.03 g/mL), or plain carbomer gel twice a day. The symptom score, vulvar histomorphology, and virus load were measured. The critical proteins of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis were analysed by microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and ELISA. Molecular docking was also performed. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis identified 388 JZ-1 targets related to HSV-2 infection, with 36 hub targets and 21 hub components screened. The TCID50 of HSV-2 was 1 × 10-7/0.1 mL. JZ-1 gel (2.5 g/mL) can effectively reduce the symptom score (81.23%), viral load (98.42%) and histopathological changes, and significantly inhibit the proteins expression of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in GH mice (p< 0.05). The molecular docking test showed a good binding potency between 11 components and caspase-1 or interleukin (IL)-1β. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that JZ-1 protected mice from HSV-2 infection and inhibit the caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in GH mice. It is of significance for the second development of JZ-1 and the exploration of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianli Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximing Jin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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El Gendy AENG, Essa AF, El-Rashedy AA, Elgamal AM, Khalaf DD, Hassan EM, Abd-ElGawad AM, Elgorban AM, Zaghloul NS, Alamery SF, Elshamy AI. Antiviral Potentialities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oils of Acacia nilotica Bark and Fruits against Hepatitis A and Herpes Simplex Viruses: In Vitro, In Silico, and Molecular Dynamics Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212889. [PMID: 36365342 PMCID: PMC9656187 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acacia nilotica (synonym: Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter and Mabb.) is considered an important plant of the family Fabaceae that is used in traditional medicine in many countries all over the world. In this work, the antiviral potentialities of the chemically characterized essential oils (EOs) obtained from the bark and fruits of A. nilotica were assessed in vitro against HAV, HSV1, and HSV2. Additionally, the in silico evaluation of the main compounds in both EOs was carried out against the two proteins, 3C protease of HAV and thymidine kinase (TK) of HSV. The chemical profiling of the bark EOs revealed the identification of 32 compounds with an abundance of di- (54.60%) and sesquiterpenes (39.81%). Stachene (48.34%), caryophyllene oxide (19.11%), and spathulenol (4.74%) represented the main identified constituents of bark EO. However, 26 components from fruit EO were assigned, with the majority of mono- (63.32%) and sesquiterpenes (34.91%), where trans-caryophyllene (36.95%), Z-anethole (22.87%), and γ-terpinene (7.35%) represented the majors. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) of the bark and fruits EOs was found at 500 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Using the MTT assay, the bark EO exhibited moderate antiviral activity with effects of 47.26% and 35.98% and a selectivity index (SI) of 2.3 and 1.6 against HAV and HSV1, respectively. However, weak activity was observed via the fruits EO with respective SI values of 3.8, 5.7, and 1.6 against HAV, HSV1, and HSV2. The in silico results exhibited that caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol (the main bark EO constituents) showed the best affinities (ΔG = -5.62, -5.33, -6.90, and -6.76 kcal/mol) for 3C protease and TK, respectively. While caryophyllene (the major fruit EO component) revealed promising binding capabilities against both proteins (ΔG = -5.31, -6.58 kcal/mol, respectively). The molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that caryophyllene oxide has the most positive van der Waals energy interaction with 3C protease and TK with significant binding free energies. Although these findings supported the antiviral potentialities of the EOs, especially bark EO, the in vivo assessment should be tested in the intraoral examination for these EOs and/or their main constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Essa
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
- Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Department of Chemistry of Microbial and Natural Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Doaa D. Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S. Zaghloul
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Salman F. Alamery
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang X, Yan L, Wu J, Liu Y, Fu B, Yang H. Potential common mechanism of four Chinese patent medicines recommended by diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 in medical observation period. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:874611. [PMID: 36388945 PMCID: PMC9643314 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.874611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic has been controlled to some extent, while sporadic outbreaks still occur in some places. It is essential to summarize the successful experience and promote the development of new drugs. This study aimed to explore the common mechanism of action of the four Chinese patent medicine (CPMs) recommended in the Medical Observation Period COVID-19 Diagnostic and Treatment Protocol and to accelerate the new drug development process. Firstly, the active ingredients and targets of the four CPMs were obtained by the Chinese medicine composition database (TCMSP, TCMID) and related literature, and the common action targets of the four TCMs were sorted out. Secondly, the targets of COVID-19 were obtained through the gene-disease database (GeneCards, NCBI). Then the Venn diagram was used to intersect the common drug targets with the disease targets. And GO and KEGG pathway functional enrichment analysis was performed on the intersected targets with the help of the R package. Finally, the results were further validated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis. As a result, a total of 101 common active ingredients and 21 key active ingredients of four CPMs were obtained, including quercetin, luteolin, acacetin, kaempferol, baicalein, naringenin, artemisinin, aloe-emodin, which might be medicinal substances for the treatment of COVID-19. TNF, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, CCL2, IL2, IL4, ICAM1, IFNG, and IL10 has been predicted as key targets. 397 GO biological functions and 166 KEGG signaling pathways were obtained. The former was mainly enriched in regulating apoptosis, inflammatory response, and T cell activation. The latter, with 92 entries related to COVID-19, was mainly enriched to signaling pathways such as Coronavirus disease-COVID-19, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that 19/21 of key active ingredients exhibited strong binding activity to recognized COVID-19-related targets (3CL of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and S protein), even better than one of these four antiviral drugs. Among them, shinflavanone had better affinity to 3CL, ACE2, and S protein of SARS-CoV-2 than these four antiviral drugs. In summary, the four CPMs may play a role in the treatment of COVID-19 by binding flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, and acacetin to target proteins such as ACE2, 3CLpro, and S protein and acting on TNF, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, and other targets to participate in broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianxiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Baohui Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Bhasin S, Nadar M, Hasija Y. Epicatechin analogues may hinder human parainfluenza virus infection by inhibition of hemagglutinin neuraminidase protein and prevention of cellular entry. J Mol Model 2022; 28:319. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Li J, Sun M, Cui X, Li C. Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Hypothesis, Potential Targets, and Structure-Activity Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710020. [PMID: 36077418 PMCID: PMC9456554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which there is no available cure. Currently, it is generally believed that AD is a disease caused by multiple factors, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Multitarget prevention and treatment strategies for AD are recommended. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have been reported to have multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing multiple pathogenic factors of AD. Moreover, we further elaborate on the biological activities of natural flavonoids and their potential mode of action and targets in managing AD by presenting a wide range of experimental evidence. The gathered data indicate that flavonoids can be regarded as prophylactics to slow the advancement of AD or avert its onset. Different flavonoids have different activities and varying levels of activity. Further, this review summarizes the structure–activity relationship of flavonoids based on the existing literature and can provide guidance on the design and selection of flavonoids as anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
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Liu B, Chen X, Zhou L, Li J, Wang D, Yang W, Wu H, Yao J, Yang G, Wang C, Feng J, Jiang T. The gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to influenza virus (H1N1) infection in mice. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1469-e1487. [PMID: 35156318 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens from wild animals cause approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Studies on the immune systems of natural hosts are helpful for preventing the spread of EIDs. Bats are natural hosts for many emerging infectious pathogens and have a unique immune system that often coexists with pathogens without infection. Previous studies have shown that some genes and proteins may help bats fight virus infection, but little is known about the function of the bat gut microbiome on immunity. Here, we transplanted gut microbiota from wild bats (Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros armiger) into antibiotic-treated mice, and found that the gut microbiota from bats regulated the immune system faster than mice after antibiotic treatment. Moreover, we infected mice with H1N1, and found that the gut microbiota of bats could effectively protect mice, leading to decreased inflammatory response and increased survival rate. Finally, metabolomics analysis showed that the gut microbiota of bats produced more flavonoid and isoflavones. Our results demonstrate that the quick-start innate immune response endowed by bat gut microbiota and the regulatory and antiviral effects of gut microbiota metabolites successfully ensured mouse survival after viral challenge. To our knowledge, our study was the first to use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant the gut microbiota of bats into mice, and the first to provide evidence that the gut microbiota of bats confers tolerance to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Asma ST, Bobiş O, Bonta V, Acaroz U, Shah SRA, Istanbullugil FR, Arslan-Acaroz D. General Nutritional Profile of Bee Products and Their Potential Antiviral Properties against Mammalian Viruses. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173579. [PMID: 36079835 PMCID: PMC9460612 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products have been extensively employed in traditional therapeutic practices to treat several diseases and microbial infections. Numerous bioactive components of bee products have exhibited several antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antiprotozoal, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Apitherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses the bioactive properties of bee products to prevent and/or treat different diseases. This review aims to provide an elaborated vision of the antiviral activities of bee products with recent advances in research. Since ancient times, bee products have been well known for their several medicinal properties. The antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of bee products and their bioactive components are emerging as a promising alternative therapy against several viral infections. Numerous studies have been performed, but many clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the potential of apitherapy against pathogenic viruses. In that direction, here, we review and highlight the potential roles of bee products as apitherapeutics in combating numerous viral infections. Available studies validate the effectiveness of bee products in virus inhibition. With such significant antiviral potential, bee products and their bioactive components/extracts can be effectively employed as an alternative strategy to improve human health from individual to communal levels as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tasmia Asma
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Otilia Bobiş
- Department of Beekeeping and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (U.A.)
| | - Victoriţa Bonta
- Department of Beekeeping and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (U.A.)
| | - Syed Rizwan Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ramazan Istanbullugil
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek KG-720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
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Kullappan M, Benedict BA, Rajajagadeesan A, Baskaran P, Periadurai ND, Ambrose JM, Gandhamaneni SH, Nakkella AK, Agarwal A, Veeraraghavan VP, Surapaneni KM. Ellagic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor against the Nonstructural Protein NS3 Helicase of Zika Virus: A Molecular Modelling Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2044577. [PMID: 36046457 PMCID: PMC9420600 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2044577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family and genus Flavivirus, which has a phylogenetic relationship with spondweni virus. It spreads to humans through a mosquito bite. To identify potential inhibitors for the Zika virus with biosafety, we selected natural antiviral compounds isolated from plant sources and screened against NS3 helicase of the Zika virus. The enzymatic activity of the NS3 helicase is associated with the C-terminal region and is concerned with RNA synthesis and genome replication. It serves as a crucial target for the Zika virus. We carried out molecular docking for the target NS3 helicase against the selected 25 phytochemicals using AutoDock Vina software. Among the 25 plant compounds, we identified NS3 helicase-ellagic acid (-9.9 kcal/mol), NS3 helicase-hypericin (-9.8 kcal/mol), and NS3 helicase-pentagalloylglucose (-9.5 kcal/mol) as the best binding affinity compounds based on their binding energies. To understand the stability of these complexes, molecular dynamic simulations were executed and the trajectory analysis exposed that the NS3 helicase-ellagic acid complex possesses greater stability than the other two complexes such as NS3 helicase-hypericin and NS3 helicase-pentagalloylglucose. The ADMET property prediction of these compounds resulted in nontoxicity and noncarcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Kullappan
- Department of Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600 123, India
| | - Balakrishnan Anna Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, Panimalar Institute of Technology, Poonamallee, Chennai, 600 123 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Rajajagadeesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600 123, India
| | - Padmasini Baskaran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai, 600 123 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nanthini Devi Periadurai
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Virology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600 123, India
| | - Jenifer Mallavarpu Ambrose
- Department of Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600 123, India
| | - Sri Harshini Gandhamaneni
- Department of General Medicine, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Chennai, 600 123 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Kumari Nakkella
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar University, Etcherla, Srikakulam, 532 410 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Chinmaya Degree College, BHEL, Haridwar, 249403 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai, 600 123 Tamil Nadu, India
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Chemical Composition and Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiviral, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oils of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. from China and Myanmar. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165243. [PMID: 36014481 PMCID: PMC9413833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. is a widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat fever, flu, stomachache, traumatic injury, and mosquito bite in tropical and subtropical Asia. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and larvicidal activities of its fruit essential oil. The essential oil sample from China (EOZC) was mainly composed of limonene (29.78%) and β-myrcene (26.65%), while the sample from Myanmar (EOZM) was dominated by Terpinen-4-ol (43.35%). Both essential oils showed antifungal activity, with 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values ranging from 26.3 to 499 μg/mL. By obviously inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, EOZC (IC50, 16 μg/mL) showed comparable anti-inflammatory activity to the positive control L-NMMA (IC50, 12.2 μg/mL). EOZM showed significant antiviral activity against the dengue virus with an IC50 value of 13 μg/mL. Additionally, both EOZC and EOZM demonstrated dose-dependent larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus, with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 45.8 to 144.0 μg/mL. Our results contribute a theoretical foundation for the further application of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. as an antifungal and anti-inflammatory ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry and further indicate that it has the potential to be developed as a new source of natural and eco-friendly medicine for the prevention and treatment of dengue virus.
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Abd-ElShafy DN, Nadeem R, Bahgat MM. Addition of Camellia sinensis extract to water to disinfect respiratory viruses accumulated over different surfaces. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:1102-1111. [PMID: 35902992 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New precautions have become part of our daily life since COVID-19 pandemic such as wearing masks, maintaining distance and disinfecting products bought from markets before using them which is exhausting. We aimed to test the inhibitory effect of Camellia sinensis (black tea) water extracts on respiratory viruses and the inhibition of viruses accumulated over different surface types after being soaked in water supplemented with the extracts. Two water extraction methods (extract A: maceration at 80 °C for 30 min and extract B: boiling for 40 min) were applied; extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to detect polyphenolic compounds. Results showed that 200 μg/ml of extract A and 50 μg/ml of extract B in water caused 100% inhibition of influenza A (enveloped virus) virus after 1.5 h and similar results were obtained for adenovirus (non-enveloped virus) but at the same concentration of extract A and at 100 μg/ml of extract B. Different surfaces (aluminum, glass, plastic or carton, vegetables of smooth (tomato) or rough (lemon) surfaces and green leaves) were inoculated with both viruses for 20 min and then soaked in the water supplemented with 200 μg/ml of extract A or 100 μg/ml of extract B for 1.5 h, and this resulted in complete inhibition of both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Nadeem Abd-ElShafy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt E-mail: ; Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Rola Nadeem
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza 12311, Egypt; Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt
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Qin S, Huang X, Qu S. Baicalin Induces a Potent Innate Immune Response to Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication via Regulating Viral Non-Structural 1 and Matrix RNA. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907047. [PMID: 35812414 PMCID: PMC9259847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in pediatric patients. Current systemic treatment and vaccines are not curative and re-infection is often associated with a more drastic incidence of the disease. Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis with potent anti-viral characteristics, namely against RSV. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, using in vitro methods and an in vivo murine model of RSV infection, we showed that baicalin inhibits RSV replication induces translational upregulation of type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-α and IFN-β, and reverses epithelial thickening in lung tissues. Moreover, baicalin inhibits transcription of the RSV non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance-based affinity analysis showed that baicalin also binds to the α3 helix of the NS1 protein with an affinity constant of 1.119 × 10−5 M. Polysome profiling showed that baicalin inhibits translation of the RSV matrix protein (M) RNA. Baicalin mediates increased release of the ribosomal protein L13a from the large ribosomal subunit, where the extra ribosomal subunit L13a inhibits M RNA translation. These results comprehensively establish the multiple mechanisms by which baicalin induces a potent innate immune response against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaogang Qu, ; Xianzhang Huang,
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaogang Qu, ; Xianzhang Huang,
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In Vitro Study of the Biological Potential of Wastewater Obtained after the Distillation of Four Bulgarian Oil-Bearing Roses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081073. [PMID: 35448801 PMCID: PMC9028495 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The wastewater after rose oil distillation is usually discharged into the drainage systems and it represents a serious environmental problem. While being rich in polyphenols, which have beneficial biological activity and application in the pharmaceutical industry, limited research has been carried out about the biological activity of the specific wastewaters per se. Wastewaters after distillation of the four Bulgarian oil-bearing roses Rosa damascena Mill., R. alba L., R. centifolia L., and R. gallica L. exerted significant antioxidant activity and good antiherpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) activity while maintaining a good toxicological safety profile (low cytotoxic effect) towards normal cell lines. More precisely, the non-tumorigenic cells were a human (HEK-293 embryonic kidney cells) and a mouse cell line (CCL-1 fibroblasts, which are recommended as a standard for cytotoxicity evaluation in Annex C of ISO 10993-5). The concentrations that achieved antioxidant and radical scavenging effects (0.04–0.92% v/v) were much lower than most of the maximum tolerated concentrations for the tissue culture cells (0.2–3.4% v/v). The wastewaters had a weak antiproliferative effect against Staphylococcus aureus. None of the wastewaters had activity against Gram-negative bacteria or a bactericidal or antifungal effect. We can conclude that these four species, which are the most preferred species worldwide for producing high-quality rose oil, have the potential to be developed as promising antioxidant and antiherpesvirus nutraceuticals.
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Functional foods with antiviral activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:527-538. [PMID: 35437360 PMCID: PMC9007579 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are known to cause a variety of diseases, ranging from mild respiratory diseases, such as the common cold, to fatal illnesses. Although the development of vaccines and targeted drugs have significantly improved the mortality rate and disease severity against a number of viral infections, there are still many viruses without proper treatment/prevention options and newly emerging viruses can pose serious health threats. For instance, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is producing significant healthcare and socio-economic burden worldwide, which may jeopardize the lives and livelihoods for years to come. Studies have identified functional foods with antiviral activity. Certain foods may target the viral life cycle or modulate the host immune system to enhance defense against viral infections. In this review, we will discuss some of the food products reported to display protective effects against viruses including the influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Khan M, Rauf W, Habib FE, Rahman M, Iqbal S, Shehzad A, Iqbal M. Hesperidin identified from Citrus extracts potently inhibits HCV genotype 3a NS3 protease. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:98. [PMID: 35366855 PMCID: PMC8976278 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus infection is the main cause of liver ailments across the globe. Several HCV genotypes have been identified in different parts of the world. Effective drugs for combating HCV infections are available but not affordable, particularly to infected individuals from resource-limited countries. Hence, cost-effective drugs need to be developed against important HCV drug targets. As Citrus fruits naturally contain bioactive compounds with antiviral activities, the current study was designed to identify antiviral inhibitors from Citrus fruit extracts against an important drug target, NS3 protease, of HCV genotype 3a which is found predominantly in South Asian countries. Methods The full-length NS3 protease alone and the NS3 protease domain in fusion with the cognate NS4A cofactor were expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by chromatographic techniques. Using the purified protein as a drug target, Citrus extracts were evaluated in a FRET assay, and active ingredients, identified using ESI–MS/MS, were docked to observe the interaction with active site residues of NS3. The best interacting compound was further confirmed through the FRET assay as the inhibitor of NS3 protease. Results Fusion of the NS3 protease domain to the NS4A cofactor significantly improved the purification yield, and NS3-NS4A was functionally more active than the full-length NS3 alone. The purified protein (NS3-NS4A) was successfully employed in a validated FRET assay to evaluate 14 Citrus fruit extracts, revealing that the mesocarp extract of Citrus paradisi, and whole fruit extracts of C. sinesis, C. aurantinum, and C. reticulata significantly inhibited the protease activity of HCV NS3 protease (IC50 values of 5.79 ± 1.44 µg/mL, 37.19 ± 5.92 µg/mL, 42.62 ± 6.89 µg/mL, and 57.65 ± 3.81 µg/mL, respectively). Subsequent ESI-MSn analysis identified a flavonoid, hesperidin, abundantly present in all the afore-mentioned Citrus extracts. Importantly, docking studies suggested that hesperidin interacts with active site residues, and acts as a potent inhibitor of NS3 protease, exhibiting an IC50 value of 11.34 ± 3.83 µg/mL. Conclusions A FRET assay was developed using NS3-NS4A protease, which was successfully utilized for the evaluation of Citrus fruit extracts. Hesperidin, a compound present in the Citrus extracts, was identified as the main flavonoid, which can serve as a cost-effective potent inhibitor of NS3 protease, and could be developed as a drug for antiviral therapy against HCV genotype 3a. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03578-1.
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Santos Pereira R, Vasconcelos Costa V, Luiz Menezes Gomes G, Rodrigues Valadares Campana P, Maia de Pádua R, Barbosa M, Oki Y, Heiden G, Fernandes GW, Menezes de Oliveira D, Souza DG, Martins Teixeira M, Castro Braga F. Anti-Zika Virus Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Polyphenols and Triterpenes on Vero CCL-81 and Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100842. [PMID: 35285139 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat associated to neurological disorders in adults and microcephaly in children born to infected mothers. No vaccine or drug is available against ZIKV. We herein report the anti-ZIKV activity of 36 plant extracts containing polyphenols and/or triterpenes. ZIKV-infected Vero CCL-81 cells were treated with samples at non-cytotoxic concentrations, determined by MTT and LDH assays. One third of the extracts elicited concentration-dependent anti-ZIKV effect, with viral loads reduction from 0.4 to 3.8 log units. The 12 active extracts were tested on ZIKV-infected SH-SY5Y cells and significant reductions of viral loads (in log units) were induced by Maytenus ilicifolia (4.5 log), Terminalia phaeocarpa (3.7 log), Maytenus rigida (1.7 log) and Echinodorus grandiflorus (1.7 log) extracts. Median cytotoxic concentration (CC50 ) of these extracts in Vero cells were higher than in SH-SY5Y lineage. M. ilicifolia (IC50 =16.8±10.3 μg/mL, SI=3.4) and T. phaeocarpa (IC50 =22.0±6.8 μg/mL, SI=4.8) were the most active extracts. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of M. ilicifolia extract led to the identification of 7 triterpenes, of which lupeol and a mixture of friedelin/friedelinol showed no activity against ZIKV. The composition of T. phaeocarpa extract comprises phenolic acids, ellagitannins and flavonoids, as recently reported by us. In conclusion, the anti-ZIKV activity of 12 plant extracts is here described for the first time and polyphenols and triterpenes were identified as the probable bioactive constituents of T. phaeocarpa and M. ilicifolia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Santos Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luiz Menezes Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Rodrigues Valadares Campana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milton Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yumi Oki
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Heiden
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Clima Temperado, CEP 96010-971, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Liu Y, Song X, Li C, Hu H, Li W, Wang L, Hu J, Liao C, Liang H, He Z, Ye L. Chrysin Ameliorates Influenza Virus Infection in the Upper Airways by Repressing Virus-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872958. [PMID: 35432374 PMCID: PMC9009290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin has been proven to possess antiviral properties, but the precise underlying anti-influenza mechanism and its anti-influenza efficacy in vivo are largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of chrysin in the blockade of cell cycle and apoptosis in distinct cell lines subjected to two H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) strains, as well as its anti-IAV activity in vivo. Here, we found an early unidentified finding that chrysin strongly impeded IAV replication through a mechanism that was autonomous of innate antiviral immune activation and viral protein interaction. Surprisingly, chrysin can suppress IAV-induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by downregulating the expression levels of P53 and P21 while promoting Cyclin D1/CDK4 and Cyclin E1/CDK2 activation. Furthermore, chrysin dramatically inhibited the IAV-triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by altering the balance of Bax/Bcl-xl and reducing caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction may contribute to the inhibitory role of chrysin in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following IAV infection. Notably, chrysin preferably inhibited IAV replication in the upper respiratory tract, indicating that it might be a promising drug for restraining the spread of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanbai Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Wu J, Power H, Miranda-Saksena M, Valtchev P, Schindeler A, Cunningham AL, Dehghani F. Identifying HSV-1 Inhibitors from Natural Compounds via Virtual Screening Targeting Surface Glycoprotein D. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:361. [PMID: 35337158 PMCID: PMC8955139 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are a worldwide health problem in need of new effective treatments. Of particular interest is the identification of antiviral agents that act via different mechanisms compared to current drugs, as these could interact synergistically with first-line antiherpetic agents to accelerate the resolution of HSV-1-associated lesions. For this study, we applied a structure-based molecular docking approach targeting the nectin-1 and herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) binding interfaces of the viral glycoprotein D (gD). More than 527,000 natural compounds were virtually screened using Autodock Vina and then filtered for favorable ADMET profiles. Eight top hits were evaluated experimentally in African green monkey kidney cell line (VERO) cells, which yielded two compounds with potential antiherpetic activity. One active compound (1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-[(5Z)-2H,6H,7H,8H-[1,3] dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline-5-ylidene]ethenone) showed weak but significant antiviral activity. Although less potent than antiherpetic agents, such as acyclovir, it acted at the viral inactivation stage in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a novel mode of action. These results highlight the feasibility of in silico approaches for identifying new antiviral compounds, which may be further optimized by medicinal chemistry approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadai Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (J.W.); (H.P.); (P.V.); (A.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Helen Power
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (J.W.); (H.P.); (P.V.); (A.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Monica Miranda-Saksena
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (J.W.); (H.P.); (P.V.); (A.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (J.W.); (H.P.); (P.V.); (A.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (J.W.); (H.P.); (P.V.); (A.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Boumendjel A, Seteyen ALS, Boina C, Gasque P, Guiraud P, Sélambarom J. Focus on the high therapeutic potentials of quercetin and its derivatives. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100220. [PMID: 35403087 PMCID: PMC8759805 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are of constant interest to the scientific community. Flavonoids are investigated for their biological and pharmacological purposes, notably as antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and for their anti-inflammatory activities. Certainly, one of the best-known flavonols recognized for its therapeutic and preventive properties, is quercetin. Despite its biological interest, quercetin suffer from some drawbacks, mainly related to its bioavailability. Hence, its synthetic or biosynthetic derivatives have been the subject of intensive research. The health-promoting biological activities of flavonols and derivatives mainly arise from their capacity to disrupt the host-pathogen interactions and/or to regulate host cellular functions including oxidative processes and immunological responses. In the age of coronavirus pandemic, the anti-inflammatory and antiviral potential of flavonols should be put forward to explore these substances for decreasing the viral load and inflammatory storm caused by the infection. PURPOSE OF STUDY The present review will decipher and discuss the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral capacities of major flavonol with a focus on the molecular basis and structure-activity relationships. STUDY DESIGN Current study used a combination of quercetin derivatives, pathway, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral activities as keywords to retrieve the literature. This study critically reviewed the current literature and presented the ability of natural analogs of quercetin having superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects than the original molecule. RESULTS This review allowed the identification of relevant key structure-activity relationship elements and highlight approaches on the mechanisms governing the antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Through a critical analysis of the literature, flavonols and more precisely quercetin derivatives reviewed and found to act simultaneously on inflammation, virus and oxidative stress, three key factors that may lead to life threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Sandenon Seteyen
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Chailas Boina
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale de la zone de l'océan indien (LICE-OI) CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Université de La Réunion, Unité de recherche Etudes Pharmaco-Immunologie (EPI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
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Silva LR, da Silva-Júnior EF. Multi-Target Approaches of Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and its Derivatives Against Influenza Viruses. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1485-1500. [PMID: 35086449 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220127112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses (INFV), Orthomyxoviridae family, are mainly transmitted among humans, via aerosols or droplets from the respiratory secretions. However, fomites could be a potential transmission pathway. Annually, seasonal INFV infections account for 290-650 thousand deaths worldwide. Currently, there are two classes of approved drugs to treat INFV infections, being neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and blockers of matrix-2 (M2) ion channel. However, cases of resistance have been observed for both chemical classes, reducing the efficacy of treatment. The emergence of influenza outbreaks and pandemics calls for new antiviral molecules more effective and that could overcome the current resistance to anti-influenza drugs. In this context, polyphenolic compounds are found in various plants and these have displayed different multi-target approaches against diverse pathogens. Among these, green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins, in special epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), have demonstrated significant activities against the two most relevant human INFV, subtypes A and lineages B. In this sense, EGCG has been found a promising multi-target agent against INFV since can act inhibiting NA, hemagglutination (HA), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and viral entry/adsorption. In general, the lack of knowledge about potential multi-target natural products prevents an adequate exploration of them, increasing the time for developing multi-target drugs. Then, this review aimed to compile to most relevant studies showing the anti-INFV effects of EGCG and its derivatives, which could become antiviral drug prototypes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rocha Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, AC Simões campus, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, AC Simões campus, Maceió, Brazil
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Agraharam G, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Myricetin: a Multifunctional Flavonol in Biomedicine. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:48-61. [PMID: 35036292 PMCID: PMC8743163 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-021-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVEIW The root cause of many diseases like CVD, cancer, and aging is free radicals which exert their effect by interfering with different metabolic pathways. The sources of free radicals can be exogenous, like UV rays from sunlight, and endogenous due to different metabolic by-products.In our body, there are defense mechanisms present, such as antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant molecules to combat these free radicals, but if there is an overload of these free radicals in our body, the defense system may not be sufficient to neutralize these free radicals. In such situations, we are exposed to a chronic low dose of oxidants creating oxidative stress, which is responsible for eliciting different diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Pubmed and Google Scholar are the search engines used to sort out relevant papers on myricetin and its role in combating many diseases. Myricetin is present in many fruits and vegetables and is a known antioxidant. It can elevate the antioxidant enzyme levels; reduces the lipid peroxidation; and is known to protect against cancer. In the case of myocardial dysfunction, myricetin has been shown to suppress the inflammatory cytokines and reduced the mortality rate. Myricetin has also been found to reduce platelet aggregation and control the viral infections by interfering in the DNA replication pathways. SUMMARY In this paper, we have briefly reviewed about the different type and site of free radicals and the role of myricetin in addressing the ROS and different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikrishna Agraharam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamilnadu India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamilnadu India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103 Tamilnadu India
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Malviya S, Parihar A, Parihar DS, Khan R. Natural products as a therapy to combat against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC DESIGNING TO MITIGATE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300459 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91172-6.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) first reported in December 2019, has become serious global life-threatening disease that has created huge health care crises. Despite huge number of clinical trials for drug and vaccine, only few successful candidates are in market, which led to problem of demand and supply. The low- and middle-income countries faces major health crisis due to financial issues. Studies to search plant originated natural bioactive molecules for prophylactic and therapeutic of COVID-19 infection has gained considerable attention, due to their low-cost, easy availability and lesser side effects. Natural products and herbal medicine have long been known for their role in treating respiratory infections and many of them have been approved/under trial as drugs or over-the-counter food additives to lessen the symptoms. It is undisputable fact that herbal/natural molecules’ medicine is still a promising resource and used as precursor for drug discovery to search prospective prophylactic candidate against COVID-19. These bioactive compounds bind with potential therapeutic target of SARS-COV-2 such as ACE II, Spike protein, TMPRESS, RdRp, Main proteases and endoribonuclease and may prevent or at least slow down the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, several numbers of clinical trials have registered to investigate the potentials of natural product to halt disease progression. The main aim of present chapter is to discuss the potential role of natural molecules which can be used as therapeutic drugs for treatment of COVID-19 and thus helpful to curb down the mortality rate.
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Melk MM, El-Hawary SS, Melek FR, Saleh DO, Ali OM, El Raey MA, Selim NM. Antiviral Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Plumbago indica L. Extract Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1). Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8221-8233. [PMID: 34955639 PMCID: PMC8694278 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s339404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plumbago indica L. is considered a valuable source in the Plumbaginaceae family for various types of active compound such as alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. To promote the usage of P. indica in the bionanotechnology field, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were biosynthesized by using its alcoholic extract. The inhibitory effects of ZnONPs and the plant extract were also evaluated against HSV-1. METHODS ZnONPs were described by the following techniques, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The phenolic and flavonoid contents of P. indica extract, which are accountable for bioreduction, formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles, were analyzed by HPLC technique. The antiviral assessment was implemented on both agents by using Vero cell lines. RESULTS DLS revealed that the average size of ZnONPs was 32.58 ± 7.98 nm and the zeta potential was -20.8 mV. The observation of TEM analysis revealed that the particle size of ZnONPs varied from 2.56 to 8.83 nm. The XRD analysis verified the existence of pure crystals of hexagonal shapes of nanoparticles of ZnO with a main average size of 35.28 nm that is approximating to the values of particle size acquired by SEM analysis (19.64 and 23.21 nm). The HPLC analysis of P. indica ethanolic extract showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin were the major compounds, with concentrations equal to 8203.99, 2965.95 and 1144.99 µg/g, respectively. Regarding the antiviral assessment, the synthesized uncalcinated ZnONPs were found to exhibit a promising activity against HSV-1, with CC50 and IC50 values equal to 43.96 ± 1.39 and 23.17 ± 2.29 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION The green synthesized ZnONPs are considered promising adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of HSV-1 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Michael Melk
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Farouk Rasmy Melek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil Mohamed Selim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Naringenin as a Possible Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211066723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, is endowed with antiviral and other health beneficial activities, such as immune-stimulating and anti-inflammatory actions that could play a role in contributing, to some extent, to either preventing or alleviating coronavirus infection. Several computational studies have identified naringenin as one of the prominent flavonoids that can possibly inhibit internalization of the virus, virus-host interactions that trigger the cytokine storm, and replication of the virus. This review highlights the antiviral potential of naringenin in COVID-19 associated risk factors and its predicted therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K. Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA
| | - Chandan Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA
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El-Mageed HRA, Abdelrheem DA, Rafi MO, Sarker MT, Al-Khafaji K, Hossain MJ, Capasso R, Emran TB. In Silico Evaluation of Different Flavonoids from Medicinal Plants for Their Potency against SARS-CoV-2. BIOLOGICS 2021; 1:416-434. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics1030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic situation of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global threat to both the world economy and public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective vaccines or drugs to fight against this virus. The flavonoids and their medicinal plant sources have already exhibited various biological effects, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. This study was designed to evaluate different flavonoids from medicinal plants as potential inhibitors against the spike protein (Sp) and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 using various computational approaches such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics. The binding affinity and inhibitory effects of all studied flavonoids were discussed and compared with some antiviral drugs that are currently being used in COVID-19 treatment namely favipiravir, lopinavir, and hydroxychloroquine, respectively. Among all studies flavonoids and proposed antiviral drugs, luteolin and mundulinol exhibited the highest binding affinity toward Mpro and Sp. Drug-likeness and ADMET studies revealed that the chosen flavonoids are safe and non-toxic. One hundred ns-MD simulations were implemented for luteolin-Mpro, mundulinol-Mpro, luteolin-Sp, and mundulinol-Sp complexes and the results revealed strong stability of these flavonoid-protein complexes. Furthermore, MM/PBSA confirms the stability of luteolin and mundulinol interactions within the active sites of this protein. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the promising activity of luteolin and mundulinol as inhibitors against COVID-19 via inhibiting the spike protein and major protease of SARS CoV-2, and we urge further research to achieve the clinical significance of our proposed molecular-based efficacy.
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Arabyan E, Hakobyan A, Hakobyan T, Grigoryan R, Izmailyan R, Avetisyan A, Karalyan Z, Jackman JA, Ferreira F, Elrod CC, Zakaryan H. Flavonoid Library Screening Reveals Kaempferol as a Potential Antiviral Agent Against African Swine Fever Virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:736780. [PMID: 34745038 PMCID: PMC8567988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring plant flavonoids are a promising class of antiviral agents to inhibit African swine fever virus (ASFV), which causes highly fatal disease in pigs and is a major threat to the swine industry. Currently known flavonoids with anti-ASFV activity demonstrate a wide range of antiviral mechanisms, which motivates exploration of new antiviral candidates within this class. The objective of this study was to determine whether other flavonoids may significantly inhibit ASFV infection in vitro. We performed a cell-based library screen of 90 flavonoids. Our screening method allowed us to track the development of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT in the presence of tested flavonoids. This screening method was shown to be robust for hit identification, with an average Z-factor of 0.683. We identified nine compounds that inhibit ASFV Ba71V strain in Vero cells. Among them, kaempferol was the most potent and exhibited dose-dependent inhibition, which occurred through a virostatic effect. Time-of-addition studies revealed that kaempferol acts on the entry and post-entry stages of the ASFV replication cycle and impairs viral protein and DNA synthesis. It was further identified that kaempferol induces autophagy in ASFV-infected Vero cells, which is related to its antiviral activity and could be partially abrogated by the addition of an autophagy inhibitor. Kaempferol also exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of a highly virulent ASFV Arm/07 isolate in porcine macrophages. Together, these findings support that kaempferol is a promising anti-ASFV agent and has a distinct antiviral mechanism compared to other anti-ASFV flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Arabyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Astghik Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tamara Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rafaella Grigoryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Roza Izmailyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Aida Avetisyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Joshua A Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Charles C Elrod
- Natural Biologics Inc., Newfield, NY, United States.,Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hovakim Zakaryan
- Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS, Yerevan, Armenia
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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Zou H, Wu T, Wang Y, Kang Y, Shan Q, Xu L, Jiang Z, Lin X, Ye XY, Xie T, Zhang H. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Enhances the Antiviral Immune Response in Macrophages through the Modulation of RIG-I-Mediated Interferon Production and the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28019-28030. [PMID: 34723002 PMCID: PMC8552330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) exists in a wide range of sugar-rich foods and traditional Chinese medicines. The role of 5-HMF in antiviral innate immunity and its mechanism have not been reported previously. In this study, we reveal for the first time that 5-HMF upregulates the production of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) as a response to viral infection. IFN-β and IFN-stimulated chemokine gene expressions induced by the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) are upregulated in RAW264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages after treatment with 5-HMF, a natural product that appears to inhibit the efficiency of viral replication. Meanwhile, 5-HMF-pretreated mice show enhanced innate antiviral immunity, increased serum levels of IFN-β, and reduced morbidity and viral loads upon infection with VSV. Thus, 5-HMF can be seen to have a positive effect on enhancing type I IFN production. Mechanistically, 5-HMF upregulates the expression of RIG-I in macrophages, resulting in an acceleration of the RIG-I signaling pathway activation. Additionally, STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylations, along with the expression of IFN-stimulated chemokine genes induced by IFN-α/β, were also enhanced in macrophages cotreated with 5-HMF. In summary, these findings indicate that 5-HMF not only can induce type I IFN production but also can enhance IFN-JAK/STAT signaling, leading to a novel immunomodulatory mechanism against viral infection. In conclusion, our study reveals a previously unrecognized effect of 5-HMF in the antiviral innate immune response and suggests new potential of utilizing 5-HMF for controlling viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zou
- School
of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingyue Wu
- School
of Life Science, University of Science &
Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Key
Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering
Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Kang
- School
of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingye Shan
- School
of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Key
Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering
Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqing Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Key
Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering
Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheyi Jiang
- School
of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- School
of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School
of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Key
Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering
Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School
of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Key
Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering
Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School
of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Key
Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering
Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine
from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal
University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China
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Bilginer S, Gozcu S, Guvenalp Z. Molecular Docking Study of Several Seconder Metabolites from Medicinal Plants as Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:431-441. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.83548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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