1
|
Palmisano A, Pandit S, Smeralda CL, Demchenko I, Rossi S, Battelli L, Rivolta D, Bhat V, Santarnecchi E. The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38792599 PMCID: PMC11122172 DOI: 10.3390/life14050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence. Proof for alterations of γ oscillations and their underlying mechanisms has also been reported in bipolar disorder and represents an emerging topic for major depressive disorder. Although evidence from animal models needs to be further elucidated in humans, the pathophysiology of γ-band alteration represents a common denominator for different neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline a framework of converging results in psychiatric conditions characterized by γ abnormality, from neurochemical dysfunction to alterations in brain rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
| | - Carmelo L. Smeralda
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campbell BFN, Cruz-Ochoa N, Otomo K, Lukacsovich D, Espinosa P, Abegg A, Luo W, Bellone C, Földy C, Tyagarajan SK. Gephyrin phosphorylation facilitates sexually dimorphic development and function of parvalbumin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02517-5. [PMID: 38503929 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The precise function of specialized GABAergic interneuron subtypes is required to provide appropriate synaptic inhibition for regulating principal neuron excitability and synchronization within brain circuits. Of these, parvalbumin-type (PV neuron) dysfunction is a feature of several sex-biased psychiatric and brain disorders, although, the underlying developmental mechanisms are unclear. While the transcriptional action of sex hormones generates sexual dimorphism during brain development, whether kinase signaling contributes to sex differences in PV neuron function remains unexplored. In the hippocampus, we report that gephyrin, the main inhibitory post-synaptic scaffolding protein, is phosphorylated at serine S268 and S270 in a developmentally-dependent manner in both males and females. When examining GphnS268A/S270A mice in which site-specific phosphorylation is constitutively blocked, we found that sex differences in PV neuron density in the hippocampal CA1 present in WT mice were abolished, coincident with a female-specific increase in PV neuron-derived terminals and increased inhibitory input onto principal cells. Electrophysiological analysis of CA1 PV neurons indicated that gephyrin phosphorylation is required for sexually dimorphic function. Moreover, while male and female WT mice showed no difference in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks, GphnS268A/S270A mice exhibited sex- and task-specific deficits, indicating that gephyrin phosphorylation is differentially required by males and females for convergent cognitive function. In fate mapping experiments, we uncovered that gephyrin phosphorylation at S268 and S270 establishes sex differences in putative PV neuron density during early postnatal development. Furthermore, patch-sequencing of putative PV neurons at postnatal day 4 revealed that gephyrin phosphorylation contributes to sex differences in the transcriptomic profile of developing interneurons. Therefore, these early shifts in male-female interneuron development may drive adult sex differences in PV neuron function and connectivity. Our results identify gephyrin phosphorylation as a new substrate organizing PV neuron development at the anatomical, functional, and transcriptional levels in a sex-dependent manner, thus implicating kinase signaling disruption as a new mechanism contributing to the sex-dependent etiology of brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F N Campbell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Cruz-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kanako Otomo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Espinosa
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Abegg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Bellone
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tranter MM, Faget L, Hnasko TS, Powell SB, Dillon DG, Barnes SA. Postnatal Phencyclidine-Induced Deficits in Decision Making Are Ameliorated by Optogenetic Inhibition of Ventromedial Orbitofrontal Cortical Glutamate Neurons. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:264-274. [PMID: 38298783 PMCID: PMC10829674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is essential for decision making, and functional disruptions within the OFC are evident in schizophrenia. Postnatal phencyclidine (PCP) administration in rats is a neurodevelopmental manipulation that induces schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairments. We aimed to determine whether manipulating OFC glutamate cell activity could ameliorate postnatal PCP-induced deficits in decision making. Methods Male and female Wistar rats (n = 110) were administered saline or PCP on postnatal days 7, 9, and 11. In adulthood, we expressed YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) (control), ChR2 (channelrhodopsin-2) (activation), or eNpHR 3.0 (enhanced halorhodopsin) (inhibition) in glutamate neurons within the ventromedial OFC (vmOFC). Rats were tested on the probabilistic reversal learning task once daily for 20 days while we manipulated the activity of vmOFC glutamate cells. Behavioral performance was analyzed using a Q-learning computational model of reinforcement learning. Results Compared with saline-treated rats expressing YFP, PCP-treated rats expressing YFP completed fewer reversals, made fewer win-stay responses, and had lower learning rates. We induced similar performance impairments in saline-treated rats by activating vmOFC glutamate cells (ChR2). Strikingly, PCP-induced performance deficits were ameliorated when the activity of vmOFC glutamate cells was inhibited (halorhodopsin). Conclusions Postnatal PCP-induced deficits in decision making are associated with hyperactivity of vmOFC glutamate cells. Thus, normalizing vmOFC activity may represent a potential therapeutic target for decision-making deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Tranter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Lauren Faget
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Thomas S. Hnasko
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Susan B. Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel G. Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Powell SB, Swerdlow NR. The Relevance of Animal Models of Social Isolation and Social Motivation for Understanding Schizophrenia: Review and Future Directions. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1112-1126. [PMID: 37527471 PMCID: PMC10483472 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Social dysfunction in schizophrenia includes symptoms of withdrawal and deficits in social skills, social cognition, and social motivation. Based on the course of illness, with social withdrawal occurring prior to psychosis onset, it is likely that the severity of social withdrawal/isolation contributes to schizophrenia neuropathology. STUDY DESIGN We review the current literature on social isolation in rodent models and provide a conceptual framework for its relationship to social withdrawal and neural circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia. We next review preclinical tasks of social behavior used in schizophrenia-relevant models and discuss strengths and limitations of existing approaches. Lastly, we consider new effort-based tasks of social motivation and their potential for translational studies in schizophrenia. STUDY RESULTS Social isolation rearing in rats produces profound differences in behavior, pharmacologic sensitivity, and neurochemistry compared to socially reared rats. Rodent models relevant to schizophrenia exhibit deficits in social behavior as measured by social interaction and social preference tests. Newer tasks of effort-based social motivation are being developed in rodents to better model social motivation deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS While experimenter-imposed social isolation provides a viable experimental model for understanding some biological mechanisms linking social dysfunction to clinical and neural pathology in schizophrenia, it bypasses critical antecedents to social isolation in schizophrenia, notably deficits in social reward and social motivation. Recent efforts at modeling social motivation using effort-based tasks in rodents have the potential to quantify these antecedents, identify models (eg, developmental, genetic) that produce deficits, and advance pharmacological treatments for social motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Powell
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs VISN22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neal R Swerdlow
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs VISN22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thörn CW, Kafetzopoulos V, Kocsis B. Differential Effect of Dopamine D4 Receptor Activation on Low-Frequency Oscillations in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus May Bias the Bidirectional Prefrontal–Hippocampal Coupling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911705. [PMID: 36233007 PMCID: PMC9569525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) mechanisms are implicated in psychiatric diseases characterized by cognitive deficits, including schizophrenia, ADHD, and autism. The cellular mechanisms are poorly understood, but impaired neuronal synchronization in cortical networks was proposed to contribute to these deficits. In animal experiments, D4R activation was shown to generate aberrant increased gamma oscillations and to reduce performance on cognitive tasks requiring functional prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) networks. While fast oscillations in the gamma range are important for local synchronization within neuronal ensembles, long-range synchronization between distant structures is achieved by slow rhythms in the delta, theta, alpha ranges. The characteristics of slow oscillations vary between structures during cognitive tasks. HPC activity is dominated by theta rhythm, whereas PFC generates unique oscillations in the 2–4 Hz range. In order to investigate the role of D4R on slow rhythms, cortical activity was recorded in rats under urethane anesthesia in which slow oscillations can be elicited in a controlled manner without behavioral confounds, by electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation. The local field potential segments during stimulations were extracted and subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain power density spectra. The selective D4R agonist A-412997 (5 and 10 mg/kg) and antagonists L-745870 (5 and 10 mg/kg) were injected systemically and the peak power in the two frequency ranges were compared before and after the injection. We found that D4R compounds significantly changed the activity of both HPC and PFC, but the direction of the effect was opposite in the two structures. D4R agonist enhanced PFC slow rhythm (delta, 2–4 Hz) and suppressed HPC theta, whereas the antagonist had an opposite effect. Analogous changes of the two slow rhythms were also found in the thalamic nucleus reuniens, which has connections to both forebrain structures. Slow oscillations play a key role in interregional cortical coupling; delta and theta oscillations were shown in particular, to entrain neuronal firing and to modulate gamma activity in interconnected forebrain structures with a relative HPC theta dominance over PFC. Thus, the results of this study indicate that D4R activation may introduce an abnormal bias in the bidirectional PFC–HPC coupling which can be reversed by D4R antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilios Kafetzopoulos
- Department Psychiatry at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Bernat Kocsis
- Department Psychiatry at BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-331-1782
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Zinski A, Mishra A, Noh H, Park GH, Qin Y, Olorife O, Park JM, Abani CP, Park JS, Fung J, Sawaqed F, Coyle JT, Stahl E, Bendl J, Fullard JF, Roussos P, Zhang X, Stanton PK, Yin C, Huang W, Kim HY, Won H, Cho JH, Chung S. Impact of schizophrenia GWAS loci converge onto distinct pathways in cortical interneurons vs glutamatergic neurons during development. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4218-4233. [PMID: 35701597 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable advances have been made in schizophrenia (SCZ) GWAS, but gleaning biological insight from these loci is challenging. Genetic influences on gene expression (e.g., eQTLs) are cell type-specific, but most studies that attempt to clarify GWAS loci's influence on gene expression have employed tissues with mixed cell compositions that can obscure cell-specific effects. Furthermore, enriched SCZ heritability in the fetal brain underscores the need to study the impact of SCZ risk loci in specific developing neurons. MGE-derived cortical interneurons (cINs) are consistently affected in SCZ brains and show enriched SCZ heritability in human fetal brains. We identified SCZ GWAS risk genes that are dysregulated in iPSC-derived homogeneous populations of developing SCZ cINs. These SCZ GWAS loci differential expression (DE) genes converge on the PKC pathway. Their disruption results in PKC hyperactivity in developing cINs, leading to arborization deficits. We show that the fine-mapped GWAS locus in the ATP2A2 gene of the PKC pathway harbors enhancer marks by ATACseq and ChIPseq, and regulates ATP2A2 expression. We also generated developing glutamatergic neurons (GNs), another population with enriched SCZ heritability, and confirmed their functionality after transplantation into the mouse brain. Then, we identified SCZ GWAS risk genes that are dysregulated in developing SCZ GNs. GN-specific SCZ GWAS loci DE genes converge on the ion transporter pathway, distinct from those for cINs. Disruption of the pathway gene CACNA1D resulted in deficits of Ca2+ currents in developing GNs, suggesting compromised neuronal function by GWAS loci pathway deficits during development. This study allows us to identify cell type-specific and developmental stage-specific mechanisms of SCZ risk gene function, and may aid in identifying mechanism-based novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Liu
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Amy Zinski
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Haneul Noh
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Gun-Hoo Park
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Yiren Qin
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Oshoname Olorife
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - James M Park
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Chiderah P Abani
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Joy S Park
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Janice Fung
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Farah Sawaqed
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eli Stahl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Changhong Yin
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jun-Hyeong Cho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sangmi Chung
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pope KJ, Lewis TW, Fitzgibbon SP, Janani AS, Grummett TS, Williams PAH, Battersby M, Bastiampillai T, Whitham EM, Willoughby JO. Managing electromyogram contamination in scalp recordings: An approach identifying reliable beta and gamma EEG features of psychoses or other disorders. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2721. [PMID: 35919931 PMCID: PMC9480942 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In publications on the electroencephalographic (EEG) features of psychoses and other disorders, various methods are utilized to diminish electromyogram (EMG) contamination. The extent of residual EMG contamination using these methods has not been recognized. Here, we seek to emphasize the extent of residual EMG contamination of EEG. METHODS We compared scalp electrical recordings after applying different EMG-pruning methods with recordings of EMG-free data from 6 fully paralyzed healthy subjects. We calculated the ratio of the power of pruned, normal scalp electrical recordings in the six subjects, to the power of unpruned recordings in the same subjects when paralyzed. We produced "contamination graphs" for different pruning methods. RESULTS EMG contamination exceeds EEG signals progressively more as frequencies exceed 25 Hz and with distance from the vertex. In contrast, Laplacian signals are spared in central scalp areas, even to 100 Hz. CONCLUSION Given probable EMG contamination of EEG in psychiatric and other studies, few findings on beta- or gamma-frequency power can be relied upon. Based on the effectiveness of current methods of EEG de-contamination, investigators should be able to reanalyze recorded data, reevaluate conclusions from high-frequency EEG data, and be aware of limitations of the methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Pope
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Trent W Lewis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sean P Fitzgibbon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Azin S Janani
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyler S Grummett
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia A H Williams
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Malcolm Battersby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma M Whitham
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John O Willoughby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwon KM, Pak JH, Jeon CJ. Immunocytochemical localization of the AMPA glutamate receptor subtype GluR2/3 in the squid optic lobe. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151941. [PMID: 35963117 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the cephalopod visual system, glutamate signaling is facilitated by ionotropic receptors, such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR). In cephalopods with large and well-developed brains, the optic lobes (OL) mainly process visual inputs and are involved in learning and memory. Although the presence of AMPAR in squid OL has been reported, the organization of specific AMPAR-containing neurons remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the immunocytochemical localization of the AMPA glutamate receptor subtype 2/3-immunoreactive (GluR2/3-IR) neurons in the OL of Pacific flying squid (Tordarodes pacificus). Morphologically diverse GluR2/3-IR neurons were predominantly located in the tangential zone of the medulla. Medium-to-large GluR2/3-IR neurons were also detected. The distribution patterns and cell morphologies of calcium-binding protein (CBP)-IR neurons, specifically calbindin-D28K (CB)-, calretinin (CR)-, and parvalbumin (PV)-IR neurons, were similar to those of GluR2/3-IR neurons. However, two-color immunofluorescence revealed that GluR2/3-IR neurons did not colocalize with the CBP-IR neurons. Furthermore, the specific localizations and diverse types of GluR2/3-IR neurons that do not express CB, CR, or PV in squid OL were determined. These findings further contribute to the existing data on glutamatergic visual systems and provide new insights for understanding the visual processing mechanisms in cephalopods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Kwon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Pak
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Modified climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity in the cerebellum of the neonatal phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122544119. [PMID: 35588456 PMCID: PMC9173783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122544119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptogenesis and neural network remodeling are at their maximum during the perinatal period of human brain development. Perturbations of this highly sensitive stage might underlie the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Subchronic neonatal administration of phencyclidine, a drug of abuse, has been used to model schizophrenia in rodents. In this model, we found specific long-term synaptic changes in Purkinje cells and transient gene expression changes in the cerebellum. While transient increased neuronal activity in the cerebellum, induced using chemogenetics, reproduces some phencyclidine-induced molecular changes, it is insufficient to reproduce the long-term synaptic effects. Our results show the complex mechanism of action of phencyclidine on the development of neuronal connectivity and further highlight the potential contribution of cerebellar defects in psychiatric diseases. Environmental perturbations during the first years of life are a major factor in psychiatric diseases. Phencyclidine (PCP), a drug of abuse, has psychomimetic effects, and neonatal subchronic administration of PCP in rodents leads to long-term behavioral changes relevant for schizophrenia. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in diverse cognitive functions. However, little is known about potential cerebellar changes in models of schizophrenia. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of the cerebellum in the neonatal subchronic PCP model. We found that, while the global cerebellar cytoarchitecture and Purkinje cell spontaneous spiking properties are unchanged, climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity is increased in juvenile mice. Neonatal subchronic administration of PCP is accompanied by increased cFos expression, a marker of neuronal activity, and transient modification of the neuronal surfaceome in the cerebellum. The largest change observed is the overexpression of Ctgf, a gene previously suggested as a biomarker for schizophrenia. This neonatal increase in Ctgf can be reproduced by increasing neuronal activity in the cerebellum during the second postnatal week using chemogenetics. However, it does not lead to increased climbing fiber/Purkinje cell connectivity in juvenile mice, showing the complexity of PCP action. Overall, our study shows that administration of the drug of abuse PCP during the developmental period of intense cerebellar synaptogenesis and circuit remodeling has long-term and specific effects on Purkinje cell connectivity and warrants the search for this type of synaptic changes in psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Frenquelli R, Ratcliff M, Villar de Onis J, Fernandes M, Barros FC, Hirst JE, Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, Villar J. Complex Perinatal Syndromes Affecting Early Human Growth and Development: Issues to Consider to Understand Their Aetiology and Postnatal Effects. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:856886. [PMID: 35509448 PMCID: PMC9058100 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.856886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex perinatal syndromes (CPS) affecting pregnancy and childhood, such as preterm birth, and intra- and extra-uterine growth restriction, have multiple, diverse contexts of complexity and interaction that determine the short- and long-term growth, health and development of all human beings. Early in life, genetically-guided somatic and cerebral development occurs alongside a psychism "in statu nascendi," with the neural structures subjected to the effects of the intra- and extra-uterine environments in preparation for optimal postnatal functioning. Different trajectories of fetal cranial and abdominal growth have been identified before 25 weeks' gestation, tracking differential growth and neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. Similarly, critical time-windows exist in the first 5-8 months of postnatal life because of interactions between the newborn and their environment, mother/care-givers and feeding practices. Understanding these complex relational processes requires abandoning classical, linear and mechanistic interpretations that are placed in rigid, artificial biological silos. Instead, we need to conduct longitudinal, interdisciplinary research and integrate the resulting new knowledge into clinical practice. An ecological-systemic approach is required to understand early human growth and development, based on a dynamic multidimensional process from the molecular or genomic level to the socio-economic-environmental context. For this, we need theoretical and methodological tools that permit a global understanding of CPS, delineating temporal trajectories and their conditioning factors, updated by the incorporation of new scientific discoveries. The potential to optimize human growth and development across chronological age and geographical locations - by implementing interventions or "treatments" during periods of greatest instability or vulnerability - should be recognized. Hence, it is imperative to take a holistic view of reproductive and perinatal issues, acknowledging at all levels the complexity and interactions of CPS and their sensitive periods, laying the foundations for further improvements in growth and development of populations, to maximize global human potential. We discuss here conceptual issues that should be considered for the development and implementation of such a strategy aimed at addressing the perinatal health problems of the new millenium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Frenquelli
- Master Program in Child Psychoanalysis and Neuropsychological, Developmental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marc Ratcliff
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Centre Jean Piaget, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jimena Villar de Onis
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Fernandes
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando C. Barros
- Post Graduate Course on Health in the Vital Cycle, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jane E. Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aris T. Papageorghiou
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen H. Kennedy
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Villar
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Ouyang P, Zheng Y, Mi L, Zhao J, Ning Y, Guo W. A Selective Review of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Schizophrenia: Underlying Biology, Genetics, Microcircuits, and Symptoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664535. [PMID: 34746116 PMCID: PMC8567014 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by specific positive and negative primary symptoms, social behavior disturbances and cognitive deficits (e.g., impairment in working memory and cognitive flexibility). Mounting evidence suggests that altered excitability and inhibition at the molecular, cellular, circuit and network level might be the basis for the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In the past decades, human and animal studies have identified that glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmissions are critically involved in several cognitive progresses, including learning and memory. The purpose of this review is, by analyzing emerging findings relating to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory, ranging from animal models of schizophrenia to clinical studies in patients with early onset, first-episode or chronic schizophrenia, to discuss how the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance may relate to the pathophysiology of disease phenotypes such as cognitive deficits and negative symptoms, and highlight directions for appropriate therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia-Lopez R, Pombero A, Estirado A, Geijo-Barrientos E, Martinez S. Interneuron Heterotopia in the Lis1 Mutant Mouse Cortex Underlies a Structural and Functional Schizophrenia-Like Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693919. [PMID: 34327202 PMCID: PMC8313859 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 is one of the principal genes related to Type I lissencephaly, a severe human brain malformation characterized by an abnormal neuronal migration in the cortex during embryonic development. This is clinically associated with epilepsy and cerebral palsy in severe cases, as well as a predisposition to developing mental disorders, in cases with a mild phenotype. Although genetic variations in the LIS1 gene have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We have studied how the Lis1 gene might cause deficits associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia using the Lis1/sLis1 murine model, which involves the deletion of the first coding exon of the Lis1 gene. Homozygous mice are not viable, but heterozygous animals present abnormal neuronal morphology, cortical dysplasia, and enhanced cortical excitability. We have observed reduced number of cells expressing GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) in the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate area, as well as fewer parvalbumin-expressing cells in the anterior cingulate cortex in Lis1/sLis1 mutants compared to control mice. The cFOS protein expression (indicative of neuronal activity) in Lis1/sLis1 mice was higher in the medial prefrontal (mPFC), perirhinal (PERI), entorhinal (ENT), ectorhinal (ECT) cortices, and hippocampus compared to control mice. Our results suggest that deleting the first coding exon of the Lis1 gene might cause cortical anomalies associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Pombero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental-CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Migratory cortical interneuron-specific transcriptome abnormalities in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:111-116. [PMID: 33677214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cortical interneurons (cINs) are substantially affected in Schizophrenia (SCZ) and enriched for SCZ heritability during development. To understand SCZ-specific changes in these cells during development, we isolated migratory cINs from cIN spheres derived from 5 healthy control (HC) and 5 SCZ induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSCs). Transcriptome analyses show dysregulation in extracellular matrix pathways as the major disturbances in SCZ migratory cINs, whereas sphere cINs show dysregulation in immune pathways. This result suggests the importance of using homogeneous cell populations to identify stage-specific abnormalities and provides a platform to further study the biology of schizophrenia pathogenesis during early development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferdinand JM, Peters KZ, Yavas E, Young AMJ. Modulation of stimulated dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens shell by GABA in vitro: Effect of sub-chronic phencyclidine pretreatment. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1885-1901. [PMID: 33848365 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine signaling in nucleus accumbens (NAc) is modulated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acting through GABA-A and GABA-B receptors: dysregulation of GABAergic control of dopamine function may be important in behavioral deficits in schizophrenia. We investigated the effect of GABA-A (muscimol) and GABA-B (baclofen) receptor agonists on electrically stimulated dopamine release. Furthermore, we explored whether drug-induced changes were disrupted by pretreatment with phencyclidine, which provides a well-validated model of schizophrenia. Using brain slices from female rats, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to measure electrically stimulated dopamine release in NAc shell. Both muscimol and baclofen caused concentration-dependent attenuation of evoked dopamine release: neither effect was changed by dihydro-β-erythroidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, or the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), precluding indirect mechanisms using these transmitter systems in the GABAergic actions. In slices taken from rats pretreated with phencyclidine, the attenuation of evoked dopamine release by baclofen was abolished, but the attenuation by muscimol was unaffected. Since phencyclidine pretreatment was followed by drug-free washout period of at least a week, the drug was not present during recording. Therefore, disruption of GABA-B modulation of dopamine is due to long-term functional changes resulting from the treatment, rather than transient changes due to the drug's presence at test. This enduring dysregulation of GABA-B modulation of accumbal dopamine release provides a plausible mechanism through which GABA dysfunction influences accumbal dopamine leading to behavioral changes seen in schizophrenia and may provide a route for novel therapeutic strategies to treat the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Z Peters
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ersin Yavas
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Andrew M J Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim HR, Rajagopal L, Meltzer HY, Martina M. Depolarizing GABA A current in the prefrontal cortex is linked with cognitive impairment in a mouse model relevant for schizophrenia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eaba5032. [PMID: 33789887 PMCID: PMC8011979 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (CIAS) is the most critical predictor of functional outcome. Limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms of CIAS hampers development of more effective treatments. We found that in subchronic phencyclidine (scPCP)-treated mice, an animal model that mimics CIAS, the reversal potential of GABAA currents in pyramidal neurons of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (ILC) shifts from hyperpolarizing to depolarizing, the result of increased expression of the chloride transporter NKCC1. Further, we found that in scPCP mice, the NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide normalizes GABAA current polarity ex vivo and improves performance in multiple cognitive tasks in vivo. This behavioral effect was mimicked by selective, bilateral, NKCC1 knockdown in the ILC. Thus, we show that depolarizing GABAA currents in the ILC contributes to cognitive impairments in scPCP mice and suggest that bumetanide, an FDA-approved drug, has potential to treat or prevent CIAS and other components of the schizophrenia syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haram R Kim
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marco Martina
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vázquez-Borsetti P, Acuña A, Soliño M, López-Costa JJ, Kargieman L, Loidl FC. Deep hypothermia prevents striatal alterations produced by perinatal asphyxia: Implications for the prevention of dyskinesia and psychosis. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2679-2694. [PMID: 32301107 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic medium spiny neurons are the main neuronal population in the striatum. Calbindin is preferentially expressed in medium spiny neurons involved in the indirect pathway. The aim of the present work is to analyze the effect of perinatal asphyxia on different subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in the striatum and to assess the outcome of deep therapeutic hypothermia. The uterus of pregnant rats was removed by cesarean section and the fetuses were exposed to hypoxia by immersion in water (19 min) at 37°C (perinatal asphyxia). The hypothermic group was exposed to 10°C during 30 min after perinatal asphyxia. The rats were euthanized at the age of one month (adolescent/adult rats), their brains were dissected out and coronal sections were immunolabeled for calbindin, calretinin, NeuN, and reelin. Reelin+ cells showed no staining in the striatum besides subventricular zone. The perinatal asphyxia (PA) group showed a significant decrease in calbindin neurons and a paradoxical increase in neurons estimated by NeuN staining. Moreover, calretinin+ cells, a specific subpopulation of GABAergic neurons, showed an increase caused by PA. Deep hypothermia reversed most of these alterations probably by protecting calbindin neurons. Similarly, there was a reduction of the diameter of the anterior commissure produced by the asphyxia that was prevented by hypothermic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vázquez-Borsetti
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Acuña
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Soliño
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José López-Costa
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Kargieman
- IFIBYNE (UBA-CONICET) Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián César Loidl
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Viena TD, Rasch GE, Silva D, Allen TA. Calretinin and calbindin architecture of the midline thalamus associated with prefrontal–hippocampal circuitry. Hippocampus 2020; 31:770-789. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Viena
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Gabriela E. Rasch
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Daniela Silva
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Timothy A. Allen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Malagarriga D, Pons AJ, Villa AEP. Complex temporal patterns processing by a neural mass model of a cortical column. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:379-392. [PMID: 31354883 PMCID: PMC6624230 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neuronal networks are capable of transmitting complex spatiotemporal information in the form of precise sequences of neuronal discharges characterized by recurrent patterns. At the same time, the synchronized activity of large ensembles produces local field potentials that propagate through highly dynamic oscillatory waves, such that, at the whole brain scale, complex spatiotemporal dynamics of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals may be associated to sensorimotor decision making processes. Despite these experimental evidences, the link between highly temporally organized input patterns and EEG waves has not been studied in detail. Here, we use a neural mass model to investigate to what extent precise temporal information, carried by deterministic nonlinear attractor mappings, is filtered and transformed into fluctuations in phase, frequency and amplitude of oscillatory brain activity. The phase shift that we observe, when we drive the neural mass model with specific chaotic inputs, shows that the local field potential amplitude peak appears in less than one full cycle, thus allowing traveling waves to encode temporal information. After converting phase and amplitude changes obtained into point processes, we quantify input-output similarity following a threshold-filtering algorithm onto the amplitude wave peaks. Our analysis shows that the neural mass model has the capacity for gating the input signal and propagate selected temporal features of that signal. Finally, we discuss the effect of local excitatory/inhibitory balance on these results and how excitability in cortical columns, controlled by neuromodulatory innervation of the cerebral cortex, may contribute to set a fine tuning and gating of the information fed to the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malagarriga
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Neuroheuristic Research Group, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J. Pons
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Edifici Gaia, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Piyabhan P, Tingpej P, Duansak N. Effect of pre- and post-treatment with Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) on phencyclidine-induced disruptions in object recognition memory and cerebral calbindin, parvalbumin, and calretinin immunoreactivity in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1103-1117. [PMID: 31118643 PMCID: PMC6503340 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s193222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons in the brain of both schizophrenic patients and animal models indicates that impairment of GABAergic function is implicated in pathophysiology of the disorder. Decreased GABAergic neurotransmission might be also involved in cognitive impairment, which is developed in schizophrenia. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) could be a new treatment and prevention for this cognitive deficit in schizophrenia by increasing GABAergic neurons to a normal level. Aim: The authors aimed to study cognitive-enhancement- and neuroprotective-effects of Brahmi on novel object recognition memory and GABAergic neuronal density, defined by the presence of calcium binding proteins (CBPs; calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and calretinin (CR)) in a sub-chronic (2 mg/kg, Bid, ip) phencyclidine (PCP) rat model of schizophrenia. Materials and methods: In the cognitive-enhancement-effect study rats were assigned to three groups; Group-1: Control, Group-2: PCP-administration, and Group-3: PCP+Brahmi. In the neuroprotective-effect study rats were assigned to three groups; Group-1: Control, Group-2: PCP-administration, and Group-3: Brahmi+PCP. A discrimination ratio (DR) representing cognitive ability was obtained from the novel object recognition task. CB, PV, and CR immunodensity were measured in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and cornuammonis fields 1-3 (CA1-3) using immunohistochemistry. Results: Reduced DR was found in the PCP group, which occurred alongside reduced CB, PV, and CR in all brain regions except for CR in the striatum and CA1-3 in the cognitive-enhancement-effect study. PCP+Brahmi showed a higher DR score with increased CB in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, increased PV in the prefrontal cortex and CA1-3, and increased CR in the prefrontal cortex. The Brahmi+PCP group showed higher DR score with increased CB in all areas, increased PV in the striatum, and increased CR in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the effects, both partial restoration of cognitive deficit and neuroprotection, of Brahmi, and elucidated its underlying mechanism of actions via increasing GABAergic neurons in a PCP-induced schizophrenic-like model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Piyabhan
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, KlongLuang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - P Tingpej
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, KlongLuang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - N Duansak
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, KlongLuang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
John YJ, Zikopoulos B, Bullock D, Barbas H. Visual Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia Can Arise From Inhibitory Dysfunction in Thalamus or Cortex. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2018; 2:223-257. [PMID: 30627672 PMCID: PMC6317791 DOI: 10.1162/cpsy_a_00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with diverse cognitive deficits, including disorders of attention-related oculomotor behavior. At the structural level, schizophrenia is associated with abnormal inhibitory control in the circuit linking cortex and thalamus. We developed a spiking neural network model that demonstrates how dysfunctional inhibition can degrade attentive gaze control. Our model revealed that perturbations of two functionally distinct classes of cortical inhibitory neurons, or of the inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus, disrupted processing vital for sustained attention to a stimulus, leading to distractibility. Because perturbation at each circuit node led to comparable but qualitatively distinct disruptions in attentive tracking or fixation, our findings support the search for new eye movement metrics that may index distinct underlying neural defects. Moreover, because the cortico-thalamic circuit is a common motif across sensory, association, and motor systems, the model and extensions can be broadly applied to study normal function and the neural bases of other cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan J. John
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, and School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Bullock
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, and School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, and School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vázquez-Borsetti P, Peña E, Rojo Y, Acuña A, Loidl FC. Deep hypothermia reverses behavioral and histological alterations in a rat model of perinatal asphyxia. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:362-371. [PMID: 30255933 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of perinatal asphyxia (PA) include alterations which may manifest as schizophrenia. Characteristic features of this disease include a decrease in specific subpopulations of GABAergic cells and deterioration of social interaction. The purpose of this study is to assess if a deep and short-hypothermic treatment can ameliorate this damage in a model of PA. Rats offsprings were exposed to 19 min of asphyxia by immersing the uterus horns in water at 37 °C followed by 30 min in air at 10 °C that resulted in 15 °C body temperature. At postnatal day 36-38, the rats were tested in the open field and social interaction paradigms and processed for immunostaining of calbindin and reelin. A brief exposure to deep hypothermia reversed the deterioration produced by PA in play soliciting. PA decreased the density of calbindin neurons in layer II of the Anterior Insular Cortex, while deep hypothermia reversed this effect. Paradoxically, in AIC, there was a significant increase in the number of reelin-secreting neurons in layers II and III generated by PA and this increase was reversed by hypothermia. This suggests a compensatory mechanism, where reelin neurons trend to compensate for the loss of calbindin neurons, at least within Anterior Insular Cortex. Finally, the deep hypothermic shock might represent a valuable therapeutic alternative to treat PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vázquez-Borsetti
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Peña
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Rojo
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Acuña
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián C Loidl
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Honeycutt JA, Chrobak JJ. Parvalbumin Loss Following Chronic Sub-Anesthetic NMDA Antagonist Treatment is Age-Dependent in the Hippocampus: Implications for Modeling NMDA Hypofunction. Neuroscience 2018; 393:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
23
|
Spocter MA, Fairbanks J, Locey L, Nguyen A, Bitterman K, Dunn R, Sherwood CC, Geletta S, Dell LA, Patzke N, Manger PR. Neuropil Distribution in the Anterior Cingulate and Occipital Cortex of Artiodactyls. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1871-1881. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Spocter
- Department of Anatomy; Des Moines University; Des Moines Iowa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa
- School of Anatomical Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg Republic of South Africa
| | | | - Lisa Locey
- Department of Anatomy; Des Moines University; Des Moines Iowa
| | - Amy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University; Des Moines Iowa
| | | | - Rachel Dunn
- Department of Anatomy; Des Moines University; Des Moines Iowa
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology; The George Washington University; Washington Washington, DC
| | - Simon Geletta
- Department of Public Health; Des Moines University; Des Moines Iowa
| | - Leigh-Anne Dell
- School of Anatomical Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg Republic of South Africa
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Nina Patzke
- School of Anatomical Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg Republic of South Africa
- Department of Biology; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido Japan
| | - Paul R. Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
More sensitivity of cortical GABAergic neurons than glutamatergic neurons in response to acidosis. Neuroreport 2018; 27:610-6. [PMID: 27116702 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acidosis impairs brain functions. Neuron-specific mechanisms underlying acidosis-induced brain dysfunction remain elusive. We studied the sensitivity of cortical GABAergic neurons and glutamatergic neurons to acidosis by whole-cell recording in brain slices. The acidification to the neurons was induced by perfusing artificial cerebral spinal fluid with lower pH. This acidification impairs excitability and synaptic transmission in the glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Acidosis impairs spiking capacity in the GABAergic neurons more than in the glutamatergic neurons. Acidosis also strengthens glutamatergic synaptic transmission and attenuates GABAergic synaptic transmission on the GABAergic neurons more than the glutamatergic neurons, which results in the functional impairment of these GABAergic neurons. This acidosis-induced dysfunction predominantly in the cortical GABAergic neurons drives the homeostasis of neuronal networks toward overexcitation and exacerbates neuronal impairment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hippocampal GABA A antagonism reverses the novel object recognition deficit in sub-chronic phencyclidine-treated rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 342:11-18. [PMID: 29289597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in prefrontal cortical and hippocampal GABAergic function are postulated to be major causes of the cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). There are conflicting views on whether diminished or enhanced GABAergic activity contributes to the deficit in short-term novel object recognition (NOR) in the sub-chronic phencyclidine (scPCP) rodent model of CIAS. This study assessed the role of GABAA signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in NOR in saline (scSAL)- and scPCP-treated rats. METHODS The effects of local administration of a GABAA agonist (muscimol) into the vHPC or mPFC and an antagonist (bicuculline) or a GABAA/benzodiazepine partial agonist (bretazenil) into the vHPC on NOR in scSAL and scPCP-treated rats were determined. RESULTS In scSAL-treated rats, injection of muscimol into the vHPC, but not mPFC, induced a deficit in NOR. The scPCP-induced NOR deficit was significantly reversed by intra-vHPC bicuculline, while intra-vHPC bretazenil produced a non-significant trend for reversal (p = .06). scPCP treatment increased mRNA expression of GABAA γ2 in PFC and GABAA α5 and GABAA β1 in the HPC. However, GABA concentration in the PFC or HPC was not altered. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the scPCP-induced NOR deficit can be rescued by reducing GABAA receptor stimulation in vHPC, indicating that increased vHPC GABAA inhibition may contribute to the scPCP-induced NOR deficit in rats. These results also indicate that excessive GABAA receptor signalling in the vHPC has a deleterious effect on NOR in normal rats.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahn JH, Chen BH, Yan BC, Park JH, Kang IJ, Lee TK, Cho JH, Shin BN, Lee JC, Jeon YH, Hong S, Lee YJ, Choi SY, Won MH. Effects of long‑term scopolamine treatment on cognitive deficits and calcium binding proteins immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:293-299. [PMID: 29115458 PMCID: PMC5780140 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAergic projections terminate on numerous hippocampal interneurons containing calcium binding proteins (CBPs), including calbindin D-28k (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV). Memory deficits and expression levels of CB, CR, and PV were examined in the hippocampal subregions following systemic scopolamine (Scop; 1 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks in mice. Scop treatment induced significant memory deficits from 1 week after Scop treatment. CB, CR and PV immunoreactivities distributions were in hippocampal subregions [CA1 and CA3 regions, and the dentate gyrus (DG)]. CB immunoreactivity (CB+) was gradually decreased in all subregions until 2 weeks after Scop treatment, and CB+ was decreased to the lowest level in all subregions at 3 and 4 weeks. CR+ in the CA1 region was gradually decreased until 2 weeks and hardly observed at 3 and 4 weeks; in the CA3 region, CR+ was not altered in all subregions at any time. In the DG, CR+ was gradually decreased until 2 weeks and lowest at 3 and 4 weeks. PV+ in the CA1 region was not altered at 1 week, and gradually decreased from 2 weeks. In the CA3 region, PV+ did not change in any subregions at any time. In the DG, PV+ was not altered at 1 week, decreased at 2 weeks, and lowest at 3 and 4 weeks. In brief, Scop significantly decreased CBPs expressions in the hippocampus ≥3 weeks after the treatment although memory deficits had developed at 1 week. Therefore, it is suggested that Scop (1 mg/kg) must be systemically treated for ≥3 weeks to investigate changes in expression levels of CBPs in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich-Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Noh H, Shao Z, Coyle JT, Chung S. Modeling schizophrenia pathogenesis using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2382-2387. [PMID: 28668333 PMCID: PMC5737829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disabling mental disorder that affects about 1% population world-wide, for which there is a desperate need to develop more effective treatments. In this minireview, we summarize the findings from recent studies using induced pluripotent stem cells to model the developmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia and discuss what we have learned from these studies. We also discuss what are the important next steps and key issues to be addressed to move the field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Noh
- Translational Stem Cell Neurobiology Lab, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Zhicheng Shao
- Translational Stem Cell Neurobiology Lab, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Joseph T Coyle
- Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Sangmi Chung
- Translational Stem Cell Neurobiology Lab, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Noli B, Sanna F, Brancia C, D'Amato F, Manconi B, Vincenzoni F, Messana I, Melis MR, Argiolas A, Ferri GL, Cocco C. Profiles of VGF Peptides in the Rat Brain and Their Modulations after Phencyclidine Treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28626390 PMCID: PMC5454051 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From the VGF precursor protein originate several low molecular weight peptides, whose distribution in the brain and blood circulation is not entirely known. Among the VGF peptides, those containing the N-terminus portion were altered in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and hypothalamus of schizophrenia patients. "Hence, we aimed to better investigate the involvement of the VGF peptides in schizophrenia by studying their localization in the brain regions relevant for the disease, and revealing their possible modulations in response to certain neuronal alterations occurring in schizophrenia". We produced antibodies against different VGF peptides encompassing the N-terminus, but also C-terminus-, TLQP-, GGGE- peptide sequences, and the so named NERP-3 and -4. These antibodies were used to carry out specific ELISA and immunolocalization studies while mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was also performed to recognize the intact brain VGF fragments. We used a schizophrenia rat model, in which alterations in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response occurred after PCP treatment. In normal rats, all the VGF peptides studied were distributed in the brain areas examined including hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, accumbens and amygdaloid nuclei and also in the plasma. By liquid chromatography-high resolution mass, we identified different intact VGF peptide fragments, including those encompassing the N-terminus and the NERPs. PCP treatment caused behavioral changes that closely mimic schizophrenia, estimated by us as a disruption of PPI of the acoustic startle response. The PCP treatment also induced selective changes in the VGF peptide levels within certain brain areas. Indeed, an increase in VGF C-terminus and TLQP peptides was revealed in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01) where they were localized within parvoalbumin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing neurons, respectively. Conversely, in the nucleus accumbens, PCP treatment produced a down-regulation in the levels of VGF C-terminus-, N-terminus- and GGGE- peptides (p < 0.01), expressed in GABAergic- (C-terminus/GGGE) and somatostatin- (N-terminus) neurons. These results confirm that VGF peptides are widely distributed in the brain and modulated in specific areas involved in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Noli
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Carla Brancia
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Filomena D'Amato
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition, National Research Council (CNR)Rome, Italy
| | - Maria R Melis
- Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Gian-Luca Ferri
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Cristina Cocco
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Extracellular matrix alterations in the ketamine model of schizophrenia. Neuroscience 2017; 350:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
30
|
Brady LJ, Bartley AF, Li Q, McMeekin LJ, Hablitz JJ, Cowell RM, Dobrunz LE. Transcriptional dysregulation causes altered modulation of inhibition by haloperidol. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:304-313. [PMID: 27480797 PMCID: PMC5207497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism involve interneuron transcriptional dysregulation. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α regulates gene expression in GABAergic interneurons, which are important for regulating hippocampal network activity. Genetic deletion of PGC-1α causes a decrease in parvalbumin expression, similar to what is observed in schizophrenia postmortem tissue. Our lab has previously shown that PGC-1α-/- mice have enhanced GABAergic inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal cells, which increases the inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio, alters hippocampal circuit function, and impairs hippocampal dependent behavior. The typical antipsychotic haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist with selectivity for D2-like receptors, has previously been shown to increase excitation in the CA1 region of hippocampus. We therefore tested whether haloperidol could normalize the I/E balance in CA1 of PGC-1α-/- mice, potentially improving circuit function and behavior. Surprisingly, we discovered instead that interneuron transcriptional dysregulation caused by loss of PGC-1α alters the effects of haloperidol on hippocampal synaptic transmission and circuit function. Acute administration of haloperidol causes disinhibition in CA1 and decreases the I/E ratio onto CA1 pyramidal cells in slices from PGC-1α+/+ mice, but not PGC-1α-/- mice. The spread of activity in CA1, assessed by voltage sensitive dye imaging, is increased by haloperidol in slices from PGC-1α+/+ mice; however haloperidol decreases the spread of activity in slices from PGC-1α-/- mice. Haloperidol increased the power of hippocampal gamma oscillation in slices from PGC-1α+/+ mice but reduced the power of gamma oscillations in slices from PGC-1α-/- mice. Nest construction, an innate hippocampal-dependent behavior, is inhibited by haloperidol in PGC-1α+/+ mice, but not in PGC-1α-/- mice, which already have impaired nest building. The effects of haloperidol are mimicked and occluded by a D2 receptor antagonist in slices from PGC-1α+/+ mice, and the effects of blocking D2 receptors are lost in slices from PGC-1α-/- mice, although there is no change in D2 receptor transcript levels. Together, our results show that hippocampal inhibitory synaptic transmission, CA1 circuit function, and hippocampal dependent behavior are modulated by the antipsychotic haloperidol, and that these effects of haloperidol are lost in PGC-1α-/- mice. These results have implications for the treatment of individuals with conditions involving PGC-1α deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J Brady
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, USA; Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Aundrea F Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, USA; Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, USA; Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Laura J McMeekin
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 7th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - John J Hablitz
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, USA; Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 7th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, USA; Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Reynolds GP, Neill JC. Modelling the cognitive and neuropathological features of schizophrenia with phencyclidine. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1141-1144. [PMID: 27624147 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116667668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, Reynolds and Neill describe the studies that preceded and followed publication of this paper, which reported a deficit in parvalbumin (PV), a calcium-binding protein found in GABA interneurons known to be reduced in schizophrenia patients, in conjunction with a deficit in reversal learning in an animal model for schizophrenia. This publication resulted from common research interests: Reynolds in the neurotransmitter pathology of schizophrenia, and Neill in developing animal models for schizophrenia symptomatology. The animal model, using a sub-chronic dosing regimen (sc) with the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist PCP (phencyclidine), evolved from previous work in rats (for PCP) and primates (for cognition). The hypothesis of a PV deficit came from emerging evidence for a GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, in particular a deficit in PV-containing GABA interneurons. Since this original publication, a PV deficit has been identified in other animal models for schizophrenia, and the PV field has expanded considerably. This includes mechanistic work attempting to identify the link between oxidative stress and GABAergic dysfunction using this scPCP model, and assessment of the potential of the PV neuron as a target for new antipsychotic drugs. The latter has included development of a molecule targeting KV3.1 channels located on PV-containing GABA interneurons which can restore both PV expression and cognitive deficits in the scPCP model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Reynolds
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Impaired GABA synthesis, uptake and release are associated with depression-like behaviors induced by chronic mild stress. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e910. [PMID: 27701406 PMCID: PMC5315548 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a prevalent emotion disorder. Chronic stressful life in genetically susceptible individuals is presumably a major etiology that leads to neuron and synapse atrophy in the limbic system. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological changes remain elusive. Mice were treated by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) until they demonstrated depression-like behavior. GABA release in the medial prefrontal cortex was evaluated by cell electrophysiology and imaging. Molecular profiles related to GABA synthesis and uptake were investigated by the high-throughput sequencings of microRNAs and mRNAs as well as western blot analysis in this cortical area. In CUMS-induced depression mice, there appear the decreases in the innervation and function of GABAergic axons and in the levels of mRNAs and proteins of glutamate decarboxylase-67, vesicular GABA transporter and GABA transporter-3. miRNA-15b-5p, miRNA-144-3p, miRNA-582-5p and miRNA-879-5p that directly downregulate such mRNAs increase in this cortex. Our results suggest that chronic mild stress impairs GABA release and uptake by upregulating miRNAs and downregulating mRNAs and proteins, which may constitute the subcellular and molecular mechanisms for the lowered GABA tone in major depression.
Collapse
|
33
|
Selten MM, Meyer F, Ba W, Vallès A, Maas DA, Negwer M, Eijsink VD, van Vugt RWM, van Hulten JA, van Bakel NHM, Roosen J, van der Linden RJ, Schubert D, Verheij MMM, Kasri NN, Martens GJM. Increased GABA B receptor signaling in a rat model for schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34240. [PMID: 27687783 PMCID: PMC5043235 DOI: 10.1038/srep34240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that affects cognitive function and has been linked, both in patients and animal models, to dysfunction of the GABAergic system. However, the pathophysiological consequences of this dysfunction are not well understood. Here, we examined the GABAergic system in an animal model displaying schizophrenia-relevant features, the apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) rat and its phenotypic counterpart, the apomorphine-unsusceptible (APO-UNSUS) rat at postnatal day 20-22. We found changes in the expression of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 specifically in the prelimbic- but not the infralimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), indicative of reduced inhibitory function in this region in APO-SUS rats. While we did not observe changes in basal synaptic transmission onto LII/III pyramidal cells in the mPFC of APO-SUS compared to APO-UNSUS rats, we report reduced paired-pulse ratios at longer inter-stimulus intervals. The GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 55845 abolished this reduction, indicating that the decreased paired-pulse ratio was caused by increased GABAB signaling. Consistently, we find an increased expression of the GABAB1 receptor subunit in APO-SUS rats. Our data provide physiological evidence for increased presynaptic GABAB signaling in the mPFC of APO-SUS rats, further supporting an important role for the GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn M. Selten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Francisca Meyer
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Ba
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Vallès
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien A. Maas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Moritz Negwer
- Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian D. Eijsink
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben W. M. van Vugt
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Josephus A. van Hulten
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H. M. van Bakel
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joey Roosen
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. van der Linden
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel M. M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. M. Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effect of Methamphetamine Exposure on Expression of Calcium Binding Proteins in Rat Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:427-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Luan Z, Lu T, Ruan Y, Yue W, Zhang D. The Human MSI2 Gene is Associated with Schizophrenia in the Chinese Han Population. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:239-45. [PMID: 27059221 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that altered neurogenesis may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, so genes impacting on neurogenesis could be potential candidates for schizophrenia. A member of the Musashi family, the human MSI2 gene plays a substantial role in stem-cell maintenance, asymmetric division, and differentiation during neurogenesis. Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) implied an association of MSI2 with schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population. To further explore this association, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9892791, rs11657292, and rs1822381, were selected for a replication study involving 921 schizophrenia cases and 1244 controls. After rigorous Bonferroni correction, two of the SNPs (rs9892791 and rs11657292) displayed significant differences in allele and genotype distribution frequencies between the case and control groups. When our GWAS and replication samples were combined, the three MSI2 SNPs were all strongly associated with schizophrenia (rs9892791: allelic P = 1.07E-5; rs11657292: allelic P = 1.95E-12; rs1822381: allelic P = 1.44E-4). These results indicate that the human MSI2 gene might be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and encourage future research on the functional relationship between this gene and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Ruan
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Malt EA, Juhasz K, Malt UF, Naumann T. A Role for the Transcription Factor Nk2 Homeobox 1 in Schizophrenia: Convergent Evidence from Animal and Human Studies. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:59. [PMID: 27064909 PMCID: PMC4811959 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with diverse mental and somatic symptoms. The molecular mechanisms leading from genes to disease pathology in schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with specific diseases are enriched in the recognition sequences of transcription factors that regulate physiological processes relevant to the disease. We have used a “bottom-up” approach and tracked a developmental trajectory from embryology to physiological processes and behavior and recognized that the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) possesses properties of particular interest for schizophrenia. NKX2-1 is selectively expressed from prenatal development to adulthood in the brain, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, lungs, skin, and enteric ganglia, and has key functions at the interface of the brain, the endocrine-, and the immune system. In the developing brain, NKX2-1-expressing progenitor cells differentiate into distinct subclasses of forebrain GABAergic and cholinergic neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The transcription factor is highly expressed in mature limbic circuits related to context-dependent goal-directed patterns of behavior, social interaction and reproduction, fear responses, responses to light, and other homeostatic processes. It is essential for development and mature function of the thyroid gland and the respiratory system, and is involved in calcium metabolism and immune responses. NKX2-1 interacts with a number of genes identified as susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. We suggest that NKX2-1 may lie at the core of several dose dependent pathways that are dysregulated in schizophrenia. We correlate the symptoms seen in schizophrenia with the temporal and spatial activities of NKX2-1 in order to highlight promising future research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva A Malt
- Department of Adult Habilitation, Akershus University HospitalLørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Ahus Campus University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | - Katalin Juhasz
- Department of Adult Habilitation, Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Department of Research and Education, Institution of Oslo University HospitalOslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Naumann
- Centre of Anatomy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li JT, Su YA, Wang HL, Zhao YY, Liao XM, Wang XD, Si TM. Repeated Blockade of NMDA Receptors During Adolescence Impairs Reversal Learning and Disrupts GABAergic Interneurons in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:17. [PMID: 26973457 PMCID: PMC4776083 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is of particular significance to schizophrenia, since psychosis onset typically occurs in this critical period. Based on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia, in this study, we investigated whether and how repeated NMDA receptor blockade during adolescence would affect GABAergic interneurons in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mPFC-mediated cognitive functions. Specifically, adolescent rats were subjected to intraperitoneal administration of MK-801 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, for 14 days and then tested for reference memory and reversal learning in the water maze. The density of parvabumin (PV)-, calbindin (CB)- and calretinin (CR)-positive neurons in mPFC was analyzed at either 24 h or 7 days after drug cessation. We found that MK-801 treatment delayed reversal learning in the water maze without affecting initial acquisition. Strikingly, MK-801 treatment also significantly reduced the density of PV+ and CB+ neurons, and this effect persisted for 7 days after drug cessation at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg. We further demonstrated that the reduction in PV+ and CB+ neuron densities was ascribed to a downregulation of the expression levels of PV and CB, but not to neuronal death. These results parallel the behavioral and neuropathological changes of schizophrenia and provide evidence that adolescent NMDA receptors antagonism offers a useful tool for unraveling the etiology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University) Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University) Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Li Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University) Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- Depression Treatment Center, Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University) Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University) Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Interneuron Transcriptional Dysregulation Causes Frequency-Dependent Alterations in the Balance of Inhibition and Excitation in Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2016; 35:15276-90. [PMID: 26586816 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1834-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Circuit dysfunction in complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia and autism is caused by imbalances between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission (I/E). Short-term plasticity differentially alters responses from excitatory and inhibitory synapses, causing the I/E ratio to change as a function of frequency. However, little is known about I/E ratio dynamics in complex brain disorders. Transcriptional dysregulation in interneurons, particularly parvalbumin interneurons, is a consistent pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that in hippocampus is highly concentrated in inhibitory interneurons and regulates parvalbumin transcription. Here, we used PGC-1α(-/-) mice to investigate effects of interneuron transcriptional dysregulation on the dynamics of the I/E ratio at the synaptic and circuit level in hippocampus. We find that loss of PGC-1α increases the I/E ratio onto CA1 pyramidal cells in response to Schaffer collateral stimulation in slices from young adult mice. The underlying mechanism is enhanced basal inhibition, including increased inhibition from parvalbumin interneurons. This decreases the spread of activation in CA1 and dramatically limits pyramidal cell spiking, reducing hippocampal output. The I/E ratio and CA1 output are partially restored by paired-pulse stimulation at short intervals, indicating frequency-dependent effects. However, circuit dysfunction persists, indicated by alterations in kainate-induced gamma oscillations and impaired nest building. Together, these results show that transcriptional dysregulation in hippocampal interneurons causes frequency-dependent alterations in I/E ratio and circuit function, suggesting that PGC-1α deficiency in psychiatric and neurological disorders contributes to disease by causing functionally relevant alterations in I/E balance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alteration in the inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission (I/E) balance is a fundamental principle underlying the circuit dysfunction observed in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The I/E ratio is dynamic, continuously changing because of synaptic short-term plasticity. We show here that transcriptional dysregulation in interneurons, particularly parvalbumin interneurons, causes frequency-dependent alterations in the I/E ratio and in circuit function in hippocampus. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α-deficient) mice have enhanced inhibition in CA1, the opposite of what is seen in cortex. This study fills an important gap in current understanding of how changes in inhibition in complex brain disorders affect I/E dynamics, leading to region-specific circuit dysfunction and behavioral impairment. This study also provides a conceptual framework for analyzing the effects of short-term plasticity on the I/E balance in disease models.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Over the past 60 years, a large number of selective neurotoxins were discovered and developed, making it possible to animal-model a broad range of human neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we highlight those neurotoxins that are most commonly used as neuroteratologic agents, to either produce lifelong destruction of neurons of a particular phenotype, or a group of neurons linked by a specific class of transporter proteins (i.e., dopamine transporter) or body of receptors for a specific neurotransmitter (i.e., NMDA class of glutamate receptors). Actions of a range of neurotoxins are described: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopa, DSP-4, MPTP, methamphetamine, IgG-saporin, domoate, NMDA receptor antagonists, and valproate. Their neuroteratologic features are outlined, as well as those of nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and that of stress. The value of each of these neurotoxins in animal modeling of human neurologic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed in terms of the respective value as well as limitations of the derived animal model. Neuroteratologic agents have proven to be of immense importance for understanding how associated neural systems in human neural disorders may be better targeted by new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 430 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70577, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grayson B, Barnes SA, Markou A, Piercy C, Podda G, Neill JC. Postnatal Phencyclidine (PCP) as a Neurodevelopmental Animal Model of Schizophrenia Pathophysiology and Symptomatology: A Review. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 29:403-428. [PMID: 26510740 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain an unmet clinical need. Therefore, it is essential that new treatments and approaches are developed to recover the cognitive and social impairments that are seen in patients with schizophrenia. These may only be discovered through the use of carefully validated, aetiologically relevant and translational animal models. With recent renewed interest in the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, postnatal administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) has been proposed as a model that can mimic aspects of schizophrenia pathophysiology. The purpose of the current review is to examine the validity of this model and compare it with the adult subchronic PCP model. We review the ability of postnatal PCP administration to produce behaviours (specifically cognitive deficits) and neuropathology of relevance to schizophrenia and their subsequent reversal by pharmacological treatments. We review studies investigating effects of postnatal PCP on cognitive domains in schizophrenia in rats. Morris water maze and delayed spontaneous alternation tasks have been used for working memory, attentional set-shifting for executive function, social novelty discrimination for selective attention and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle for sensorimotor gating. In addition, we review studies on locomotor activity and neuropathology. We also include two studies using dual hit models incorporating postnatal PCP and two studies on social behaviour deficits following postnatal PCP. Overall, the evidence we provide supports the use of postnatal PCP to model cognitive and neuropathological disturbances of relevance to schizophrenia. To date, there is a lack of evidence to support a significant advantage of postnatal PCP over the adult subchronic PCP model and full advantage has not been taken of its neurodevelopmental component. When thoroughly characterised, it is likely that it will provide a useful neurodevelopmental model to complement other models such as maternal immune activation, particularly when combined with other manipulations to produce dual or triple hit models. However, the developmental trajectory of behavioural and neuropathological changes induced by postnatal PCP and their relevance to schizophrenia must be carefully mapped out. Overall, we support further development of dual (or triple) hit models incorporating genetic, neurodevelopmental and appropriate environmental elements in the search for more aetiologically valid animal models of schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Grayson
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - S A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | - A Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0603, USA
| | - C Piercy
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - G Podda
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - J C Neill
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Powell SB, Swerdlow NR. Social Isolation Rearing and Sensorimotor Gating in Rat Models of Relevance to Schizophrenia. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800981-9.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
42
|
Schmalbach B, Lepsveridze E, Djogo N, Papashvili G, Kuang F, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V, Nikonenko AG, Dityatev A, Jakovcevski I, Schachner M. Age-dependent loss of parvalbumin-expressing hippocampal interneurons in mice deficient in CHL1, a mental retardation and schizophrenia susceptibility gene. J Neurochem 2015; 135:830-44. [PMID: 26285062 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In humans, deletions/mutations in the CHL1/CALL gene are associated with mental retardation and schizophrenia. Juvenile CHL1-deficient (CHL1(-/-) ) mice have been shown to display abnormally high numbers of parvalbumin-expressing (PV(+) ) hippocampal interneurons and, as adults, display behavioral traits observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we addressed the question whether inhibitory interneurons and synaptic plasticity in the CHL1(-/-) mouse are affected during brain maturation and in adulthood. We found that hippocampal, but not neocortical, PV(+) interneurons were reduced with age in CHL1(-/-) mice, from a surplus of +27% at 1 month to a deficit of -20% in adulthood compared with wild-type littermates. This loss occurred during brain maturation, correlating with microgliosis and enhanced interleukin-6 expression. In parallel with the loss of PV(+) interneurons, the inhibitory input to adult CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced and a deficit in short- and long-term potentiation developed at CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses between 2 and 9 months of age in CHL1(-/-) mice. This deficit could be abrogated by a GABAA receptor agonist. We propose that region-specific aberrant GABAergic synaptic connectivity resulting from the mutation and a subsequently enhanced synaptic elimination during brain maturation lead to microgliosis, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, loss of interneurons, and impaired synaptic plasticity. Close homolog of L1-deficient (CHL1(-/-) ) mice have abnormally high numbers of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing hippocampal interneurons in juvenile animals, but in adult animals a loss of these cells is observed. This loss correlates with an increased density of microglia (M), enhanced interleukin-6 (IL6) production and a deficit in short- and long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses. Furthermore, adult CHL1(-/-) mice display behavioral traits similar to those observed in neuropsychiatric disorders of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmalbach
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eka Lepsveridze
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nevena Djogo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgi Papashvili
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fang Kuang
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander G Nikonenko
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brisch R, Bielau H, Saniotis A, Wolf R, Bogerts B, Krell D, Steiner J, Braun K, Krzyżanowska M, Krzyżanowski M, Jankowski Z, Kaliszan M, Bernstein HG, Gos T. Calretinin and parvalbumin in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a mini-review, a perspective on the evolutionary role of calretinin in schizophrenia, and a preliminary post-mortem study of calretinin in the septal nuclei. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:393. [PMID: 26578879 PMCID: PMC4624860 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The septal nuclei are important limbic regions that are involved in emotional behavior and connect to various brain regions such as the habenular complex. Both the septal nuclei and the habenular complex are involved in the pathology of schizophrenia and affective disorders. METHODS We characterized the number and density of calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the lateral, medial, and dorsal subregions of the septal nuclei in three groups of subjects: healthy control subjects (N = 6), patients with schizophrenia (N = 10), and patients with affective disorders (N = 6). RESULTS Our mini-review of the combined role of calretinin and parvalbumin in schizophrenia and affective disorders summarizes 23 studies. We did not observe significant differences in the numbers of calretinin-immunoreactive neurons or neuronal densities in the lateral, medial, and dorsal septal nuclei of patients with schizophrenia or patients with affective disorders compared to healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Most post-mortem investigations of patients with schizophrenia have indicated significant abnormalities of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in various brain regions including the hippocampus, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. This study also provides an explanation from an evolutionary perspective for why calretinin is affected in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Brisch
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hendrik Bielau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Saniotis
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia ; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Krell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany ; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Braun
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg, Germany ; Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marta Krzyżanowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzyżanowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Storozheva ZI, Kirenskaya AV, Proshin AT. The neuromediator mechanisms of the cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
45
|
Lodge D, Mercier MS. Ketamine and phencyclidine: the good, the bad and the unexpected. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4254-76. [PMID: 26075331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of ketamine and phencyclidine from their development as potential clinical anaesthetics through drugs of abuse and animal models of schizophrenia to potential rapidly acting antidepressants is reviewed. The discovery in 1983 of the NMDA receptor antagonist property of ketamine and phencyclidine was a key step to understanding their pharmacology, including their psychotomimetic effects in man. This review describes the historical context and the course of that discovery and its expansion into other hallucinatory drugs. The relevance of these findings to modern hypotheses of schizophrenia and the implications for drug discovery are reviewed. The findings of the rapidly acting antidepressant effects of ketamine in man are discussed in relation to other glutamatergic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lodge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M S Mercier
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rosen AM, Spellman T, Gordon JA. Electrophysiological endophenotypes in rodent models of schizophrenia and psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:1041-9. [PMID: 25910423 PMCID: PMC4444383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is caused by a diverse array of risk factors and results in a similarly diverse set of symptoms. Electrophysiological endophenotypes lie between risks and symptoms and have the potential to link the two. Electrophysiological studies in rodent models, described here, demonstrate that widely differing risk factors result in a similar set of core electrophysiological endophenotypes, suggesting the possibility of a shared neurobiological substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Timothy Spellman
- Department of Physiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10032
| | - Joshua A. Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, NY 10032,Division of Integrative Neuroscience New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY 10032,Correspondence to: Joshua A. Gordon 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 87 Kolb Annex Room 140 New York, NY 10032 Ph. 646 774-7116 Fax. 646 774-7101
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nomura T, Oyamada Y, Fernandes HB, Remmers CL, Xu J, Meltzer HY, Contractor A. Subchronic phencyclidine treatment in adult mice increases GABAergic transmission and LTP threshold in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2015; 100:90-7. [PMID: 25937215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated administration of non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) to rodents causes long-lasting deficits in cognition and memory, and has effects on behaviors that have been suggested to be models of the cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Despite this being a widely studied animal model, little is known about the long lasting changes in synapses and circuits that underlie the altered behaviors. Here we examined synaptic transmission ex-vivo in the hippocampus of mice after a subchronic PCP (scPCP) administration regime. We found that after at least one week of drug free washout period when mice have impaired cognitive function, the threshold for long-term potentiation (LTP) of CA1 excitatory synapses was elevated. This elevated LTP threshold was directly related to increased inhibitory input to CA1 pyramidal cells through increased activity of GABAergic neurons. These results suggest repeated PCP administration causes a long-lasting metaplastic change in the inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus that results in impaired LTP, and could contribute to the deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory in PCP-treated mice. Changes in GABA signaling have been described in patients with schizophrenia, therefore our results support using scPCP as a model of CIAS. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Synaptopathy--from Biology to Therapy'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nomura
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Oyamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Herman B Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christine L Remmers
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Relationship between somatostatin and death receptor expression in the orbital frontal cortex in schizophrenia: a postmortem brain mRNA study. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2015; 1:14004. [PMID: 27336026 PMCID: PMC4849439 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, we provided evidence showing reductions in GAD67 and Dlx mRNAs in the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) in schizophrenia. It is unknown whether these reductions relate mainly to somatostatin (SST) or parvalbumin (PV) mRNA expression changes, and/or whether these reductions are related to decreased SST mRNA+ interneuron density. Aims: To determine whether inhibitory interneuron deficits in the OFC from people with schizophrenia are greatest for SST or PV mRNAs, and whether any such deficits relate to mRNAs encoding cell death signalling molecules. Methods: Inhibitory interneuron mRNAs (SST; PV: in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and death signaling mRNAs [FAS receptor (FASR); TNFSF13: qPCR] were measured in control and schizophrenia subjects (38/38). SST mRNA+ interneuron-like cells were quantified in layer II in the gyrus rectus. Gray matter SST and PV mRNAs were correlated with interstitial white matter neuron (IWMN) density (GAD65/67; NeuN) and death signaling mRNAs. Results: SST mRNA was reduced in OFC layers I–VI in schizophrenia (both in situ and qPCR), with greatest deficit in layer II (67%). Layer II SST mRNA+ neuron density was reduced in schizophrenia (~29%). PV mRNA was reduced in layers III (18%) and IV (31%) with no significant diagnostic difference in PV mRNA measured by qPCR. FASR mRNA was increased in schizophrenia (34%). SST, but not PV, expression correlated negatively with FASR and TNFSF13 expressions and with IWMN density. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that SST interneurons are predominantly linked to the inhibitory interneuron pathology in the OFC in schizophrenia and that increased death receptor signaling mRNAs relate to prominent laminar deficits in SST mRNA in the OFC in schizophrenia. We suggest that SST interneurons may be more vulnerable to increased death receptor signaling than PV interneurons.
Collapse
|
49
|
Hoftman GD, Volk DW, Bazmi HH, Li S, Sampson AR, Lewis DA. Altered cortical expression of GABA-related genes in schizophrenia: illness progression vs developmental disturbance. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:180-91. [PMID: 24361861 PMCID: PMC4266281 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with altered expression of GABA-related genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, whether these gene expression abnormalities reflect disturbances in postnatal developmental processes before clinical onset or arise as a consequence of clinical illness remains unclear. METHODS Expression levels for 7 GABA-related transcripts (vesicular GABA transporter [vGAT], GABA membrane transporter [GAT1], GABAA receptor subunit α1 [GABRA1] [novel in human and monkey cohorts], glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 [GAD67], parvalbumin, calretinin, and somatostatin [previously reported in human cohort, but not in monkey cohort]) were quantified in the PFC from 42 matched pairs of schizophrenia and comparison subjects and from 49 rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 1 week postnatal to adulthood. RESULTS Levels of vGAT and GABRA1, but not of GAT1, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were lower in the PFC of the schizophrenia subjects. As previously reported, levels of GAD67, parvalbumin, and somatostatin, but not of calretinin, mRNAs were also lower in these subjects. Neither illness duration nor age accounted for the levels of the transcripts with altered expression in schizophrenia. In monkey PFC, developmental changes in expression levels of many of these transcripts were in the opposite direction of the changes observed in schizophrenia. For example, mRNA levels for vGAT, GABRA1, GAD67, and parvalbumin all increased with age. CONCLUSIONS Together with published reports, these findings support the interpretation that the altered expression of GABA-related transcripts in schizophrenia reflects a blunting of normal postnatal development changes, but they cannot exclude a decline during the early stages of clinical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil D. Hoftman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;,Department of Neuroscience, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David W. Volk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H. Holly Bazmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allan R. Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, Biomedical Science Tower W1654, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593, US; tel: +412-383-8548, fax: +412-624-9910,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dietrich-Muszalska A. Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|