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Jing B, Shi W, Wang Y. Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhanced the yield and photosynthesis of soybeans by adjusting soil aggregates and water distribution. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6884-6892. [PMID: 38591419 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is employed extensively in agriculture to enhance soil water retention; however, the underlying mechanism by which γ-PGA improves soil structure and soybean productivity in arid regions remains poorly understood. A micro-scale field experiment was conducted in the arid region of northwest China, employing five concentrations of γ-PGA to investigate its impacts on soybean yield, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency, as well as soil aggregates and water distribution. The five levels of γ-PGA were 0 (CK), 10 (P1), 20 (P2), 40 (P3), and 80 kg ha-1 (P4). RESULTS The results demonstrated that the application of γ-PGA significantly improved soybean yield, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content. It resulted in a decrease in soil aggregate content with a maximum diameter of less than 0.053 mm and an increase in the stability of soil aggregates in the uppermost layer of the soil (0-30 cm). The application of γ-PGA significantly increased soil water content, particularly in the uppermost layer of the soil, and effectively reduced water consumption and improving water use efficiency in soybeans. Overall, the P3 treatment exhibited the most pronounced improvement of soybean yield, photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, as well as distribution of soil aggregates and water. The correlation matrix heatmap also revealed a strong correlation between improvement of soybean yield or photosynthesis at various γ-PGA application levels and the enhancement of soil stability or soil water content. CONCLUSION The multivariate regression analysis revealed that an optimal application level of 46 kg ha-1 γ-PGA could enhance effectively both yield and water use efficiency of soybean in the arid region of northwest China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
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Han B, Zhang W, Wang F, Yue P, Liu Z, Yue D, Zhang B, Ma Y, Lin Z, Yu Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang X. Dissecting the Superior Drivers for the Simultaneous Improvement of Fiber Quality and Yield Under Drought Stress Via Genome-Wide Artificial Introgressions of Gossypium barbadense into Gossypium hirsutum. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400445. [PMID: 38984458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Global water scarcity and extreme weather intensify drought stress, significantly reducing cotton yield and quality worldwide. Drought treatments are conducted using a population of chromosome segment substitution lines generated from E22 (G. hirsutum) and 3-79 (G. barbadense) as parental lines either show superior yields or fiber quality under both control and drought conditions. Fourteen datasets, covering 4 yields and 4 quality traits, are compiled and assessed for drought resistance using the drought resistance coefficient (DRC) and membership function value of drought resistance (MFVD). Genome-wide association studies, linkage analysis, and bulked segregant analysis are combined to analyze the DR-related QTL. A total of 121 significant QTL are identified by DRC and MFVD of the 8 traits. CRISPR/Cas9 and virus-induced gene silencing techniques verified DRR1 and DRT1 as pivotal genes in regulating drought resistant of cotton, with hap3-79 exhibiting greater drought resistance than hapE22 concerning DRR1 and DRT1. Moreover, 14 markers with superior yield and fiber quality are selected for drought treatment. This study offers valuable insights into yield and fiber quality variations between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense amid drought, providing crucial theoretical and technological backing for developing cotton varieties resilient to drought, with high yield and superior fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengkai Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dandan Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongxu Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Cotton Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Sharma V, Sharma DP, Salwan R. Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106772. [PMID: 38969183 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses. In this context, the plant beneficial microbiome presents in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, also referred as second genomes of the plant is well known for its roles in plant adaptations. Exploration of beneficial interaction of fungi with host plants known as mycorrhizal association is one such special interaction that can facilitates the host plants adaptations. Mycorrhiza assist in alleviating the salinity and drought stresses of plants via redistributing the ion imbalance through translocation to different parts of the plants, as well as triggering oxidative machinery. Mycorrhiza association also regulates the level of various plant growth regulators, osmolytes and assists in acquiring minerals that are helpful in plant's adaptation against extreme environmental stresses. The current review examines the role of various plant growth regulators and plants' antioxidative systems, followed by mycorrhizal association during drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali PB 140413, India.
| | - D P Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India
| | - Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India.
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Paul M, Dalal A, Jääskeläinen M, Moshelion M, Schulman AH. Precision phenotyping of a barley diversity set reveals distinct drought response strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393991. [PMID: 38984164 PMCID: PMC11231632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants exhibit an array of drought responses and adaptations, where the trade-off between water loss and CO2 uptake for growth is mediated by regulation of stomatal aperture in response to soil water content (SWC), among other factors. For crop yield stability, the question is how drought timing and response patterns relate to post-drought growth resilience and vigor. We earlier identified, in a few reference varieties of barley that differed by the SWC at which transpiration was curtailed, two divergent water use strategies: water-saving ("isohydric") and water-spending ("anisohydric"). We proposed that an isohydric strategy may reduce risk from spring droughts in climates where the probability of precipitation increases during the growing season, whereas the anisohydric is consistent with environments having terminal droughts, or with those where dry periods are short and not seasonally progressive. Here, we have examined drought response physiology in an 81-line barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) diversity set that spans 20th century European breeding and identified several lines with a third, dynamic strategy. We found a strong positive correlation between vigor and transpiration, the dynamic group being highest for both. However, these lines curtailed daily transpiration at a higher SWC than the isohydric group. While the dynamic lines, particularly cv Hydrogen and Baronesse, were not the most resilient in terms of restoring initial growth rates, their strong initial vigor and high return to initial transpiration rates meant that their growth nevertheless surpassed more resilient lines during recovery from drought. The results will be of use for defining barley physiological ideotypes suited to future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitry Paul
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahan Dalal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marko Jääskeläinen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
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Yu R, Hou Q, Deng H, Xiao L, Cai X, Shang C, Qiao G. Overexpression of PavHIPP16 from Prunus avium enhances cold stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:536. [PMID: 38862890 PMCID: PMC11167810 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP) is an important regulatory element in response to abiotic stresses, especially playing a key role in low-temperature response. RESULTS This study investigated the potential function of PavHIPP16 up-regulated in sweet cherry under cold stress by heterologous overexpression in tobacco. The results showed that the overexpression (OE) lines' growth state was better than wild type (WT), and the germination rate, root length, and fresh weight of OE lines were significantly higher than those of WT. In addition, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the OE of tobacco under low-temperature treatment were substantially lower than those of WT. In contrast, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher than those of WT. Yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H) and luciferase complementation assay verified the interactions between PavbHLH106 and PavHIPP16, suggesting that these two proteins co-regulated the cold tolerance mechanism in plants. The research results indicated that the transgenic lines could perform better under low-temperature stress by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content of the transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genetic resources for analyzing the biological functions of PavHIPPs, which is important for elucidating the mechanisms of cold resistance in sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Asadyar L, de Felippes FF, Bally J, Blackman CJ, An J, Sussmilch FC, Moghaddam L, Williams B, Blanksby SJ, Brodribb TJ, Waterhouse PM. Evidence for within-species transition between drought response strategies in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38863314 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana is predominantly distributed in arid habitats across northern Australia. However, none of six geographically isolated accessions shows obvious xerophytic morphological features. To investigate how these tender-looking plants withstand drought, we examined their responses to water deprivation, assessed phenotypic, physiological, and cellular responses, and analysed cuticular wax composition and wax biosynthesis gene expression profiles. Results showed that the Central Australia (CA) accession, globally known as a research tool, has evolved a drought escape strategy with early vigour, short life cycle, and weak, water loss-limiting responses. By contrast, a northern Queensland (NQ) accession responded to drought by slowing growth, inhibiting flowering, increasing leaf cuticle thickness, and altering cuticular wax composition. Under water stress, NQ increased the heat stability and water impermeability of its cuticle by extending the carbon backbone of cuticular long-chain alkanes from c. 25 to 33. This correlated with rapid upregulation of at least five wax biosynthesis genes. In CA, the alkane chain lengths (c. 25) and gene expression profiles remained largely unaltered. This study highlights complex genetic and environmental control over cuticle composition and provides evidence for divergence into at least two fundamentally different drought response strategies within the N. benthamiana species in < 1 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Asadyar
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Felipe Fenselau de Felippes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
| | - Julia Bally
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Chris J Blackman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas., 7005, Australia
| | - Jiyuan An
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas., 7005, Australia
| | - Lalehvash Moghaddam
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania (UTAS), Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tas., 7005, Australia
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, 4000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Wang W, Li Y, Yang S, Wu J, Ma C, Chen Y, Sun X, Wu L, Liang X, Fu Q, Xu Z, Li L, Huang Z, Zhu J, Jia X, Ye X, Chen R. Stress response membrane protein OsSMP2 negatively regulates rice tolerance to drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3300-3321. [PMID: 38447063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In a gene chip analysis, rice (Oryza sativa) OsSMP2 gene expression was induced under various abiotic stresses, prompting an investigation into its role in drought resistance and abscisic acid signaling. Subsequent experiments, including qRT-PCR and β-glucuronidase activity detection, affirmed the OsSMP2 gene's predominant induction by drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments indicated the OsSMP2 protein primarily localizes to the cell membrane system. Overexpressing OsSMP2 increased sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid, reducing drought resistance and leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation under drought stress. Conversely, in simulated drought experiments, OsSMP2-silenced transgenic plants showed significantly longer roots compared with the wild-type Nipponbare. These results suggest that OsSMP2 overexpression negatively affects rice drought resistance, offering valuable insights into molecular mechanisms, and highlight OsSMP2 as a potential target for enhancing crop resilience to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Songjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingzhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiuping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaomei Jia
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University of Rice Research Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Demonstration Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University 211, Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Li J, Huang Y, Yu X, Wu Q, Man X, Diao Z, You H, Shen J, Cai Y. Identification and Application of CLE Peptides for Drought Resistance in Solanaceae Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38836320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The CLE (CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region-related) family, a group of peptides with hormone-like features, plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and adaptation to stress. Through homology-based blast analysis of 32 Arabidopsis thaliana CLE peptide sequences, we have identified 5, 14, and 10 CLE family members in Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum, and Solanum melongena, respectively. Chemical synthesis and functional assays of the peptides led to the discovery that NtCLE3 substantially enhances the drought resistance of these three Solanaceae crops. Our transcriptome, RT-qPCR, and antioxidant enzyme activity data showed that NtCLE3 increased antioxidant capacity and ABA synthesis in tobacco. Moreover, the recombinant protein RPNtCLE3, composed of 6*NtCLE3, preserved the capacity to foster drought resilience and proved to be a promising drought resistance regulator, which presents a more favorable alternative for field applications compared to ABA which degrades rapidly under sunlight exposure. This research unveils the prospective utility of NtCLE3 in enhancing drought tolerance in Solanaceae crops and provides new ideas for the development of novel bioregulators aimed at mitigating drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Chengdu Lusyno Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, PR China
| | - Xiaxia Man
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Zhihong Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Huang You
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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Pérez-Moncada UA, Santander C, Ruiz A, Vidal C, Santos C, Cornejo P. Design of Microbial Consortia Based on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Yeasts, and Bacteria to Improve the Biochemical, Nutritional, and Physiological Status of Strawberry Plants Growing under Water Deficits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1556. [PMID: 38891364 PMCID: PMC11175115 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Drought affects several plant physiological characteristics such as photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and chlorophyll content, causing hormonal and nutritional imbalances and reducing nutrient uptake and transport, which inhibit growth and development. The use of bioinoculants based on plant growth-promoting microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), yeasts, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been proposed as an alternative to help plants tolerate drought. However, most studies have been based on the use of a single type of microorganism, while consortia studies have been scarcely performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different combinations of three PGPR, three AMF, and three yeasts with plant growth-promoting attributes to improve the biochemical, nutritional, and physiological behavior of strawberry plants growing under severe drought. The results showed that the growth and physiological attributes of the non-inoculated plants were significantly reduced by drought. In contrast, plants inoculated with the association of the fungus Claroideoglomus claroideum, the yeast Naganishia albida, and the rhizobacterium Burkholderia caledonica showed a stronger improvement in tolerance to drought. High biomass, relative water content, fruit number, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, quantum yield of photosystem II, N concentration, P concentration, K concentration, antioxidant activities, and chlorophyll contents were significantly improved in inoculated plants by up to 16.6%, 12.4%, 81.2%, 80%, 79.4%, 71.0%, 17.8%, 8.3%, 6.6%, 57.3%, 41%, and 22.5%, respectively, compared to stressed non-inoculated plants. Moreover, decreased malondialdehyde levels by up to 32% were registered. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of maximizing the effects of inoculation with beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms based on the prospect of more efficient combinations among different microbial groups, which is of interest to develop bioinoculants oriented to increase the growth of specific plant species in a global scenario of increasing drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urley A. Pérez-Moncada
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (C.S.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Christian Santander
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (C.S.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070411, Chile
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (C.S.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Catalina Vidal
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (C.S.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
| | - Cledir Santos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (C.S.); (A.R.); (C.V.)
- Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales, CERES, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales, CERES, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile
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10
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Wan Q, Du S, Chen Y, Li F, Salah R, Njenga MN, Li J, Wang S. Ecological Niche Differentiation and Response to Climate Change of the African Endemic Family Myrothamnaceae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1544. [PMID: 38891352 PMCID: PMC11174921 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Studying the ecological niches of species and their responses to climate change can provide better conservation strategies for these species. Myrothamnaceae is endemic to Africa, comprising only two species that belong to Myrothamnus (M. flabellifolius and M. moschatus). These closely related species exhibit allopatric distributions, positioning them as ideal materials for studying the species ecological adaptation. This study explores the ecological niche differentiation between M. flabellifolius and M. moschatus and their response capabilities to future climate change. The results indicate that M. flabellifolius and M. moschatus have undergone niche differentiation. The main drivers of niche differences are the minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) for M. flabellifolius, precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), and precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19) for M. moschatus. M. flabellifolius demonstrated a stronger adaptation to environments characterized by lower precipitation, relatively lower temperatures, and greater annual temperature variations compared to M. moschatus. Under future climate scenarios (SSP5-8.5, 2081-2100 years), the results show that approximately 85% of the total suitable habitat for M. flabellifolius will be lost, with an 85% reduction in high-suitability areas and almost complete loss of the original mid-low suitability areas. Concurrently, about 29% of the total suitable habitat for M. moschatus will be lost, with a 34% reduction in high suitability areas and roughly 60% of the original mid-low suitability areas becoming unsuitable. This suggests that M. flabellifolius will face greater threats under future climate change. This study contributes novel insight into niche differentiation in Myrothamnaceae and provides useful information for the conservation of this distinctive African lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China; (Q.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shenglan Du
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.D.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.N.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China; (Q.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.D.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.N.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Radwa Salah
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.D.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.N.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maxwell Njoroge Njenga
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.D.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.N.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China; (Q.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.D.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (M.N.N.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Niyazova NN, Huseynova IM. The Antioxidant Defense System of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties under Drought Stress and upon Post-Drought Rewatering. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1146-1157. [PMID: 38981707 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Water shortage induces physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations in plant leaves that play an essential role in plant adaptive response. The effects of drought and post-drought rewatering on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and levels of H2O2, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and proline were studied in six local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties. The contents of H2O2 and ascorbic acid increased in all drought-exposed tomato plants and then decreased upon rewatering. The level of phenolic compounds also decreased in response to water shortage and then recovered upon rehydration, although the extent of this response was different in different varieties. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and the content of proline significantly increased in the drought-stressed plants and then decreased when the plants were rewatered. The activities of 8 constitutive APX isoforms and 2 constitutive POX isoforms varied upon exposure to drought and were observed after rewatering in all studied varieties. The information on the response of tomato plants to drought and subsequent rewatering is of great importance for screening and selection of drought-tolerant varieties, as well as for development of strategies for increasing plant productivity under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima N Niyazova
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Irada M Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1073, Azerbaijan.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Baku State University, Baku, AZ1148, Azerbaijan
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12
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Zhou Z, Li J, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang R, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang P. Research on drought stress in Medicago sativa L. from 1998 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1406256. [PMID: 38872890 PMCID: PMC11169798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1406256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. Drought is recognized as a major challenge limiting alfalfa production and threatening food security. Although some literature reviews have been conducted in this area, bibliometric reviews based on large amounts of published data are still lacking. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis of alfalfa drought stress from 1998-2023 was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection database in order to assess global trends in alfalfa drought stress research and to provide new directions for future research. The results showed that the annual publication output maintained an increase in most years, with China and the United States contributing significantly to the field. Most of the journals published are specialized journals in botany, environmental science, soil science and crop science, as well as related agribusiness journals. "plant growth" and "yield" were the most frequently used keywords, reflecting the important purpose of research in this field. And two main research directions were identified: research on drought response mechanism of alfalfa and exploration of drought-resistant technology. In addition, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of drought tolerance and high yield in alfalfa, transgenics, and microbial fertilizer research have been hot research topics in recent years and may continue in the future. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a foundational reference for future research on alfalfa's drought resistance and yield optimization mechanisms, thereby enhancing the crop's application in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Junqin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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13
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Mukherjee A, Singh BN, Kaur S, Sharma M, Ferreira de Araújo AS, Pereira APDA, Morya R, Puopolo G, Melo VMM, Verma JP. Unearthing the power of microbes as plant microbiome for sustainable agriculture. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127780. [PMID: 38970905 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, research into the complex interactions and crosstalk between plants and their associated microbiota, collectively known as the plant microbiome has revealed the pivotal role of microbial communities for promoting plant growth and health. Plants have evolved intricate relationships with a diverse array of microorganisms inhabiting their roots, leaves, and other plant tissues. This microbiota mainly includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses, forming a dynamic and interconnected network within and around the plant. Through mutualistic or cooperative interactions, these microbes contribute to various aspects of plant health and development. The direct mechanisms of the plant microbiome include the enhancement of plant growth and development through nutrient acquisition. Microbes have the ability to solubilize essential minerals, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and convert organic matter into accessible forms, thereby augmenting the nutrient pool available to the plant. Additionally, the microbiome helps plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pathogen attacks and adverse environmental conditions, by priming the plant's immune responses, antagonizing phytopathogens, and improving stress tolerance. Furthermore, the plant microbiome plays a vital role in phytohormone regulation, facilitating hormonal balance within the plant. This regulation influences various growth processes, including root development, flowering, and fruiting. Microbial communities can also produce secondary metabolites, which directly or indirectly promote plant growth, development, and health. Understanding the functional potential of the plant microbiome has led to innovative agricultural practices, such as microbiome-based biofertilizers and biopesticides, which harness the power of beneficial microorganisms to enhance crop yields while reducing the dependency on chemical inputs. In the present review, we discuss and highlight research gaps regarding the plant microbiome and how the plant microbiome can be used as a source of single and synthetic bioinoculants for plant growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mukherjee
- Plant-Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Bansh Narayan Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; Crop Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- CARAH ASBL, Rue Pal Pastur 11, Ath 7800, Belgium; China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315000, China
| | | | | | - Raj Morya
- Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy; Research and Innovation center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michelle all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Ceará, Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Plant-Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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14
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Zhang Q, He D, Zhang J, He H, Guan G, Xu T, Li W, He Y, Zhang Z. RIP5 Interacts with REL1 and Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Rice. Cells 2024; 13:887. [PMID: 38891020 PMCID: PMC11172185 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving the drought resistance of rice is of great significance for expanding the planting area and improving the stable yield of rice. In our previous work, we found that ROLLED AND ERECT LEAF1 (REL1) protein promoted enhanced tolerance to drought stress by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and triggering the abscisic acid (ABA) response. However, the mechanism through which REL1 regulates drought tolerance by removing ROS is unclear. In this study, we identified REL1 interacting protein 5 (RIP5) and found that it directly combines with REL1 in the chloroplast. We found that RIP5 was strongly expressed in ZH11 under drought-stress conditions, and that the rip5-ko mutants significantly improved the tolerance of rice plants to drought, whereas overexpression of RIP5 resulted in greater susceptibility to drought. Further investigation suggested that RIP5 negatively regulated drought tolerance in rice by decreasing the content of ascorbic acid (AsA), thereby reducing ROS clearance. RNA sequencing showed that the knockout of RIP5 caused differential gene expression that is chiefly associated with ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Furthermore, multiple experimental results suggest that REL1 is involved in regulating drought tolerance by inhibiting RIP5. Collectively, our findings reveal the importance of the inhibition of RIP5 by REL1 in affecting the rice's response to drought stress. This work not only explains the drought tolerance mechanism of rice, but will also help to improve the drought tolerance of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (G.G.); (T.X.); (W.L.); (Y.H.)
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15
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Zhang B, Long Y, Pei L, Huang X, Li B, Han B, Zhang M, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Wang M, Yang X. Drought response revealed by chromatin organization variation and transcriptional regulation in cotton. BMC Biol 2024; 22:114. [PMID: 38764013 PMCID: PMC11103878 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is a major world cash crop and an important source of natural fiber, oil, and protein. Drought stress is becoming a restrictive factor affecting cotton production. To facilitate the development of drought-tolerant cotton varieties, it is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of drought stress response by exploring key drought-resistant genes and related regulatory factors. RESULTS In this study, two cotton varieties, ZY007 (drought-sensitive) and ZY168 (drought-tolerant), showing obvious phenotypic differences under drought stress, were selected. A total of 25,898 drought-induced genes were identified, exhibiting significant enrichment in pathways related to plant stress responses. Under drought induction, At subgenome expression bias was observed at the whole-genome level, which may be due to stronger inhibition of Dt subgenome expression. A gene co-expression module that was significantly associated with drought resistance was identified. About 90% of topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries were stable, and 6613 TAD variation events were identified between the two varieties under drought. We identified 92 genes in ZY007 and 98 in ZY168 related to chromatin 3D structural variation and induced by drought stress. These genes are closely linked to the cotton response to drought stress through canonical hormone-responsive pathways, modulation of kinase and phosphatase activities, facilitation of calcium ion transport, and other related molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These results lay a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of the cotton drought response and provide important regulatory locus and gene resources for the future molecular breeding of drought-resistant cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuexuan Long
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuling Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maojun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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D'Incà R, Mattioli R, Tomasella M, Tavazza R, Macone A, Incocciati A, Martignago D, Polticelli F, Fraudentali I, Cona A, Angelini R, Tavazza M, Nardini A, Tavladoraki P. A Solanum lycopersicum polyamine oxidase contributes to the control of plant growth, xylem differentiation, and drought stress tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38761363 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are involved in several plant physiological processes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, five FAD-dependent polyamine oxidases (AtPAO1 to AtPAO5) contribute to polyamine homeostasis. AtPAO5 catalyzes the back-conversion of thermospermine (T-Spm) to spermidine and plays a role in plant development, xylem differentiation, and abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, to verify whether T-Spm metabolism can be exploited as a new route to improve stress tolerance in crops and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) AtPAO5 homologs were identified (SlPAO2, SlPAO3, and SlPAO4) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss-of-function slpao3 mutants were obtained. Morphological, molecular, and physiological analyses showed that slpao3 mutants display increased T-Spm levels and exhibit changes in growth parameters, number and size of xylem elements, and expression levels of auxin- and gibberellin-related genes compared to wild-type plants. The slpao3 mutants are also characterized by improved tolerance to drought stress, which can be attributed to a diminished xylem hydraulic conductivity that limits water loss, as well as to a reduced vulnerability to embolism. Altogether, this study evidences conservation, though with some significant variations, of the T-Spm-mediated regulatory mechanisms controlling plant growth and differentiation across different plant species and highlights the T-Spm role in improving stress tolerance while not constraining growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo D'Incà
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Tomasella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaela Tavazza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), BIOAG-BIOTEC C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Tavazza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), BIOAG-BIOTEC C.R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
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17
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Wang Z, Lian J, Liang J, Wei H, Chen H, Hu W, Tang M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis modulates nitrogen uptake and assimilation to enhance drought tolerance of Populus cathayana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108648. [PMID: 38653094 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation in Populus cathayana under drought stress (DS). Herein, we measured photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzyme system, N level and N assimilation enzymes, proteins content and distribution, transcripts of genes associated with N uptake or transport in P. cathayana with AMF (AM) or without AMF (NM) under soil water limitation and adequate irrigation. Compared with NM-DS P. cathayana, the growth, gas exchange properties, antioxidant enzyme activities, total N content and the proportion of water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins in AM-DS P. cathayana were increased. Meanwhile, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NO3- and NO2- concentrations in AM-DS P. cathayana were reduced, while NH4+ concentration, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activities were elevated, indicating that AM symbiosis reduces NO3- assimilation while promoting NH4+ assimilation. Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of NH4+ transporter genes (PcAMT1-4 and PcAMT2-1) and NO3- transporter genes (PcNRT2-1 and PcNRT3-1) in AM-DS P. cathayana roots were significantly down-regulated, as well as NH4+ transporter genes (PcAMT1-6 and PcAMT4-3) in leaves. In AM P. cathayana roots, DS significantly up-regulated the transcriptional levels of RiCPSI and RiURE, the key N transport regulatory genes in AMF compared with adequate irrigation. These results indicated that AM N transport pathway play an essential role on N uptake and utilization in AM P. cathayana to cope with DS. Therefore, this research offers a novel perspective on how AM symbiosis enhances plant resilience to drought at aspect of N acquisition and assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaqian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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18
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Wei H, Wang X, Wang K, Tang X, Zhang N, Si H. Transcription factors as molecular switches regulating plant responses to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14366. [PMID: 38812034 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Plants often experience abiotic stress, which severely affects their growth. With the advent of global warming, drought stress has become a pivotal factor affecting crop yield and quality. Increasing numbers of studies have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress. As molecular switches, transcription factors (TFs) are key participants in drought-resistance regulatory networks in crops. TFs regulate the transcription of downstream genes and are regulated by various upstream regulatory factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of TFs in regulating drought stress can help enhance the adaptive capacity of crops under drought conditions. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of several common TFs, their multiple drought-response pathways, and recently employed research strategies. We describe the application of new technologies such as analysis of stress granule dynamics and function, multi-omics data, gene editing, and molecular crosstalk between TFs in drought resistance. This review aims to familiarize readers with the regulatory network of TFs in drought resistance and to provide a reference for examining the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in plants and improving agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaitong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Uzilday B, Takahashi K, Kobayashi A, Uzilday RO, Fujii N, Takahashi H, Turkan I. Role of Abscisic Acid, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Ca 2+ Signaling in Hydrotropism-Drought Avoidance-Associated Response of Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1220. [PMID: 38732435 PMCID: PMC11085316 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots exert hydrotropism in response to moisture gradients to avoid drought stress. The regulatory mechanism underlying hydrotropism involves novel regulators such as MIZ1 and GNOM/MIZ2 as well as abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ signaling. ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ signaling are also involved in plant responses to drought stress. Although the mechanism of moisture gradient perception remains largely unknown, the sensory apparatus has been reported to reside in the root elongation zone rather than in the root cap. In Arabidopsis roots, hydrotropism is mediated by the action of MIZ1 and ABA in the cortex of the elongation zone, the accumulation of ROS at the root curvature, and the variation in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in the entire root tip including the root cap and stele of the elongation zone. Moreover, root exposure to moisture gradients has been proposed to cause asymmetric ABA distribution or Ca2+ signaling, leading to the induction of the hydrotropic response. A comprehensive and detailed analysis of hydrotropism regulators and their signaling network in relation to the tissues required for their function is apparently crucial for understanding the mechanisms unique to root hydrotropism. Here, referring to studies on plant responses to drought stress, we summarize the recent findings relating to the role of ABA, ROS, and Ca2+ signaling in hydrotropism, discuss their functional sites and plausible networks, and raise some questions that need to be answered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rengin Ozgur Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Research Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, University Street, No. 37-39, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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20
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Li X, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xu K, Zheng X, Luo J, Lu J. Integrative physiology and transcriptome reveal salt-tolerance differences between two licorice species: Ion transport, Casparian strip formation and flavonoids biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:272. [PMID: 38605293 PMCID: PMC11007891 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. are both original plants of 'Gan Cao' in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and G. uralensis is currently the mainstream variety of licorice and has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Both of these species have shown some degree of tolerance to salinity, G. inflata exhibits higher salt tolerance than G. uralensis and can grow on saline meadow soils and crusty saline soils. However, the regulatory mechanism responsible for the differences in salt tolerance between different licorice species is unclear. Due to land area-related limitations, the excavation and cultivation of licorice varieties in saline-alkaline areas that both exhibit tolerance to salt and contain highly efficient active substances are needed. The systematic identification of the key genes and pathways associated with the differences in salt tolerance between these two licorice species will be beneficial for cultivating high-quality salt-tolerant licorice G. uralensis plant varieties and for the long-term development of the licorice industry. In this research, the differences in growth response indicators, ion accumulation, and transcription expression between the two licorice species were analyzed. RESULTS This research included a comprehensive comparison of growth response indicators, including biomass, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and total flavonoids content, between two distinct licorice species and an analysis of their ion content and transcriptome expression. In contrast to the result found for G. uralensis, the salt treatment of G. inflata ensured the stable accumulation of biomass and total flavonoids at 0.5 d, 15 d, and 30 d and the restriction of Na+ to the roots while allowing for more K+ and Ca2+ accumulation. Notably, despite the increase in the Na+ concentration in the roots, the MDA concentration remained low. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulatory effects of growth and ion transport on the two licorice species were strongly correlated with the following pathways and relevant DEGs: the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway involved in carbon metabolism; Casparian strip formation (lignin oxidation and translocation, suberin formation) in response to Na+; K+ and Ca2+ translocation, organic solute synthesis (arginine, polyamines, GABA) in response to osmotic stresses; and the biosynthesis of the nonenzymatic antioxidants carotenoids and flavonoids in response to antioxidant stress. Furthermore, the differential expression of the DEGs related to ABA signaling in hormone transduction and the regulation of transcription factors such as the HSF and GRAS families may be associated with the remarkable salt tolerance of G. inflata. CONCLUSION Compared with G. uralensis, G. inflata exhibits greater salt tolerance, which is primarily attributable to factors related to carbon metabolism, endodermal barrier formation and development, K+ and Ca2+ transport, biosynthesis of carotenoids and flavonoids, and regulation of signal transduction pathways and salt-responsive transcription factors. The formation of the Casparian strip, especially the transport and oxidation of lignin precursors, is likely the primary reason for the markedly higher amount of Na+ in the roots of G. inflata than in those of G. uralensis. The tendency of G. inflata to maintain low MDA levels in its roots under such conditions is closely related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and carotenoids and the maintenance of the osmotic balance in roots by the absorption of more K+ and Ca2+ to meet growth needs. These findings may provide new insights for developing and cultivating G. uralensis plant species selected for cultivation in saline environments or soils managed through agronomic practices that involve the use of water with a high salt content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiade Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuerong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiafen Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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21
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Wang X, Li X, Zhao W, Hou X, Dong S. Current views of drought research: experimental methods, adaptation mechanisms and regulatory strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1371895. [PMID: 38638344 PMCID: PMC11024477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1371895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses which causes many yield losses every year. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in international drought research. First, the main types of drought stress and the commonly used drought stress methods in the current experiment were introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated. Second, the response of plants to drought stress was reviewed from the aspects of morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular progression. Then, the potential methods to improve drought resistance and recent emerging technologies were introduced. Finally, the current research dilemma and future development direction were summarized. In summary, this review provides insights into drought stress research from different perspectives and provides a theoretical reference for scholars engaged in and about to engage in drought research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Millet Research Institute, Qiqihar Sub-Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heilongjiang, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
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22
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Gao S, Li M, Hu Y, Zhang T, Guo J, Sun M, Shi L. Comparative differences in maintaining membrane fluidity and remodeling cell wall between Glycine soja and Glycine max leaves under drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108545. [PMID: 38537381 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Water shortage is one of the most important environmental factors limiting crop yield. In this study, we used wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) and soybean (Glycinemax (L.) Merr.) seedlings as experimental materials, simulated drought stress using soil gravimetry, measured growth and physiological parameters, and analyzed differentially expressed genes and metabolites in the leaves of seedling by integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques. The results indicate that under water deficit, Glycine soja maintained stable photosynthate by accumulating Mg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and B3+, and improved water absorption by increasing root growth. Notably, Glycine soja enhanced linoleic acid metabolism and plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP1) gene expression to maintain membrane fluidity, and increased pentose, glucuronate and galactose metabolism and thaumatin protein genes expression to remodel the cell wall, thereby increasing water-absorption to better tolerate to drought stress. In addition, it was found that secondary phenolic metabolism, such as phenylpropane biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and ascobate and aldarate metabolism were weakened, resulting in the collapse of the antioxidant system, which was the main reason for the sensitivity of Glycine max to drought stress. These results provide new insights into plant adaptation to water deficit and offer a theoretical basis for breeding soybean varieties with drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Gao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Mingxia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
| | - Yunan Hu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Jixun Guo
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Mingzhou Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Lianxuan Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
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23
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Tran VH, Nolting KM, Donovan LA, Temme AA. Cultivated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) has lower tolerance of moderate drought stress than its con-specific wild relative, but the underlying traits remain elusive. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e581. [PMID: 38585190 PMCID: PMC10995449 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated crops are generally expected to have less abiotic stress tolerance than their wild relatives. However, this assumption is not well supported by empirical literature and may depend on the type of stress and how it is imposed, as well as the measure of tolerance being used. Here, we investigated whether wild and cultivated accessions of Helianthus annuus differed in stress tolerance assessed as proportional decline in biomass due to drought and whether wild and cultivated accessions differed in trait responses to drought and trait associations with tolerance. In a greenhouse study, H. annuus accessions in the two domestication classes (eight cultivated and eight wild accessions) received two treatments: a well-watered control and a moderate drought implemented as a dry down followed by maintenance at a predetermined soil moisture level with automated irrigation. Treatments were imposed at the seedling stage, and plants were harvested after 2 weeks of treatment. The proportional biomass decline in response to drought was 24% for cultivated H. annuus accessions but was not significant for the wild accessions. Thus, using the metric of proportional biomass decline, the cultivated accessions had less drought tolerance. Among accessions, there was no tradeoff between drought tolerance and vigor assessed as biomass in the control treatment. In a multivariate analysis, wild and cultivated accessions did not differ from each other or in response to drought for a subset of morphological, physiological, and allocational traits. Analyzed individually, traits varied in response to drought in wild and/or cultivated accessions, including declines in specific leaf area, leaf theoretical maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax), and stomatal pore length, but there was no treatment response for stomatal density, succulence, or the ability to osmotically adjust. Focusing on traits associations with tolerance, plasticity in gsmax was the most interesting because its association with tolerance differed by domestication class (although the effects were relatively weak) and thus might contribute to lower tolerance of cultivated sunflower. Our H. annuus results support the expectation that stress tolerance is lower in crops than wild relatives under some conditions. However, determining the key traits that underpin differences in moderate drought tolerance between wild and cultivated H. annuus remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian H. Tran
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Lisa A. Donovan
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andries A. Temme
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
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Zuo H, Chen J, Lv Z, Shao C, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Shen C. Tea-Derived Polyphenols Enhance Drought Resistance of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) by Alleviating Jasmonate-Isoleucine Pathway and Flavonoid Metabolism Flow. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3817. [PMID: 38612625 PMCID: PMC11011871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme drought weather has occurred frequently in recent years, resulting in serious yield loss in tea plantations. The study of drought in tea plantations is becoming more and more intensive, but there are fewer studies on drought-resistant measures applied in actual production. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous tea polyphenols on the drought resistance of tea plant by pouring 100 mg·L-1 of exogenous tea polyphenols into the root under drought. The exogenous tea polyphenols were able to promote the closure of stomata and reduce water loss from leaves under drought stress. Drought-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in tea leaves and roots was also significantly reduced by exogenous tea polyphenols. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that exogenous tea polyphenols regulated the abnormal responses of photosynthetic and energy metabolism in leaves under drought conditions and alleviated sphingolipid metabolism, arginine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in the root system, which enhanced the drought resistance of tea seedlings. Exogenous tea polyphenols induced jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-ILE) accumulation in the root system, and the jasmonic acid-isoleucine synthetase gene (TEA028623), jasmonic acid ZIM structural domain proteins (JAMs) synthesis genes (novel.22237, TEA001821), and the transcription factor MYC2 (TEA014288, TEA005840) were significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile, the flavonoid metabolic flow was significantly altered in the root; for example, the content of EGCG, ECG, and EGC was significantly increased. Thus, exogenous tea polyphenols enhance the drought resistance of tea plants through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (H.Z.); (C.S.)
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals and Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Abd-El-Aty MS, Kamara MM, Elgamal WH, Mesbah MI, Abomarzoka EA, Alwutayd KM, Mansour E, Ben Abdelmalek I, Behiry SI, Almoshadak AS, Abdelaal K. Exogenous application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline enhances physiological parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and agronomic traits of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26077. [PMID: 38434411 PMCID: PMC10907525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Water deficit is a critical obstacle that devastatingly impacts rice production, particularly in arid regions under current climatic fluctuations. Accordingly, it is decisive to reinforce the drought tolerance of rice by employing sustainable approaches to enhance global food security. The present study aimed at exploring the effect of exogenous application using different biostimulants on physiological, morphological, and yield attributes of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit and well-watered conditions in 2-year field trial. Three diverse rice genotypes (IRAT-112, Giza-178, and IR-64) were evaluated under well-watered (14400 m3/ha in total for the entire season) and water deficit (9170 m3/ha) conditions and were exogenously sprayed by nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline. The results showed that drought stress substantially decreased all studied photosynthetic pigments, growth traits, and yield attributes compared to well-watered conditions. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased compared with those under well-watered conditions. However, the foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, and proline substantially mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress and markedly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters, and yield contributing traits compared to untreated stressed control. Among the assessed treatments, foliar spray with nano-silicon or proline was more effective in promoting drought tolerance. The exogenous application of proline improved chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0% followed by nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5% compared to untreated control. Besides, the application of proline demonstrated a superior improvement in the content of proline by 52.5% compared with the untreated control. Moreover, nano-silicon exhibited the maximum enhancement of catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the other treatments. The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions. In addition, the physiological and agronomic performance of evaluated rice genotypes significantly contrasted under drought conditions. The genotype Giza-178 displayed the best performance under water deficit conditions compared with the other genotypes. Consequently, the integration of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline with tolerant rice genotype as Giza-178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance and achieving agricultural sustainability under water-scarce conditions in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Abd-El-Aty
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Walid H. Elgamal
- Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Mesbah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - ElSayed A. Abomarzoka
- Crop Physiology Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Imen Ben Abdelmalek
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Ameina S. Almoshadak
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
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Liu H, Wu Z, Bao M, Gao F, Yang W, Abou-Elwafa SF, Liu Z, Ren Z, Zhu Y, Ku L, Su H, Chong L, Chen Y. ZmC2H2-149 negatively regulates drought tolerance by repressing ZmHSD1 in maize. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:885-899. [PMID: 38164019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits maize production worldwide. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve drought tolerance in crop plants for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we examined the roles of Cys2 /His2 zinc-finger-proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) in maize's drought tolerance as C2H2-ZFPs have been implicated for plant stress tolerance. By subjecting 150 Ac/Ds mutant lines to drought stress, we successfully identified a Ds-insertion mutant, zmc2h2-149, which shows increased tolerance to drought stress. Overexpression of ZmC2H2-149 in maize led to a decrease in both drought tolerance and crop yield. DAP-Seq, RNA-Seq, Y1H and LUC assays additionally showed that ZmC2H2-149 directly suppresses the expression of a positive drought tolerance regulator, ZmHSD1 (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1). Consistently, the zmhsd1 mutants exhibited decreased drought tolerance and grain yield under water deficit conditions compared to their respective wild-type plants. Our findings thus demonstrated that ZmC2H2-149 can regulate ZmHSD1 for drought stress tolerance in maize, offering valuable theoretical and genetic resources for maize breeding programmes that aim for improving drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhendong Wu
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Bao
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengran Gao
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Zhixue Liu
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Leelyn Chong
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chen J, Tang L, Guo W, Wang D, Sun Y, Guo C. Oxalic acid secretion alleviates saline-alkali stress in alfalfa by improving photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108475. [PMID: 38430786 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress significantly affects the growth and yield of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Organic acid secretion is crucial in alleviating abiotic stress-induced damage in plants. In this study, we evaluated the contents of the major organic acids secreted by the roots of tolerant (ZD) and sensitive (LYL) varieties of alfalfa under saline-alkali stress and investigated the effects of these organic acids on the growth, and physiological functions of alfalfa. Our results indicated that the oxalic acid (OA) content was the highest among the organic acids secreted from alfalfa roots under saline-alkali stress, and oxalic acid content was the most significantly different between the two varieties, ZD and LYL, compared to the contents of the other organic acids. Oxalic acid alleviated the inhibition of alfalfa growth caused by saline-alkali stress, improved photosynthetic characteristics, reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and content of osmoregulatory substances. Furthermore, oxalic acid resulted in significantly increased expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant system in alfalfa under saline-alkali stress. This study revealed the effects of oxalic acid secreted by the root system on stress-related physiological processes, providing valuable insights into the functions of root secretions in plant saline-alkali resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weileng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yugang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Wang X, Zhao W, Wei X, Sun Y, Dong S. Molecular mechanism of drought resistance in soybean roots revealed using physiological and multi-omics analyses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108451. [PMID: 38402799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Soybeans are one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and drought can seriously affect their growth and development. Many studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which soybean leaves respond to drought; however, little is known about these mechanisms in roots. We used two soybean varieties with different drought tolerances to study the morphological, physiological, and molecular response mechanisms of the root system to drought stress in seedlings. We found that drought stress led to a significant decrease in the root traits and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in the two varieties. Drought-resistant varieties accumulate large amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids at the metabolic level, which causes variations in drought resistance. Additionally, differences in gene expression and drought-resistance pathways between the two varieties were clarified using transcriptome analysis. Through a multi-omics joint analysis, phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were identified as the core drought resistance pathways in soybean roots. Candidate genes and marker metabolites affecting drought resistance were identified. The phenylpropanoid pathway confers drought tolerance to roots by maintaining a high level of POD activity and mediates the biosynthesis of various secondary drought-resistant metabolites to resist drought stress. This study provides useful data for investigating plant root drought responses and offers theoretical support for plant breeding for drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhe Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbin Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Bolat I, Korkmaz K, Dogan M, Turan M, Kaya C, Seyed Hajizadeh H, Kaya O. Enhancing drought, heat shock, and combined stress tolerance in Myrobalan 29C rootstocks with foliar application of potassium nitrate. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:140. [PMID: 38413882 PMCID: PMC10898176 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought and heat stress are significant concerns to food security in arid and semi-arid regions, where global warming is predicted to increase both frequency and severity. To cope with these challenges, the use of drought-tolerant plants or technological interventions are essential. In this study, the effects of foliar potassium nitrate (KNO3) application on the stress tolerance and recovery of Myrobalan 29C rootstocks (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) were evaluated. These rootstocks are widely recognized for their adaptability and are extensively used in fruit production. To assess their response, the rootstocks were subjected to drought, heat shock, or a combination of both stressors. Additionally, they were treated with 1.0% KNO3 via foliar application. Throughout the stress and recovery periods, various morphological, physiological, and bio-chemical parameters were measured. RESULTS Based on our results, KNO3 treatment improved LRWC, Chl stability, SC, and key stress markers like proline, MDA, H2O2, along with antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, POD during both stress and recovery phases. Moreover, our results emphasized KNO3's critical role in hormone regulation under stress. KNO3 application significantly altered hormone levels, notably increasing ABA during drought and heat shock stress, essential for stress response and adaptation. In contrast, IAA, GA, and cytokinin's significantly increased during the recovery phase in KNO3-treated plants, indicating improved growth regulation and stress recovery. In addition, KNO3 application improved the recovery process of the rootstocks by restoring their physiological and biochemical functions. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the application of foliar KNO3 is an effective technique for enhancing the drought and heat tolerance as well as the recovery of Myrobalan 29C rootstocks. These results hold significant value for farmers, policymakers, and researchers, as they offer crucial insights into the development of drought-tolerant crops and the management of climate change's adverse effects on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bolat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Türkiye
| | - Kubra Korkmaz
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Türkiye
| | - Meral Dogan
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Türkiye
| | - Metin Turan
- Faculty of Economy and Administrative Science, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Türkiye
| | - Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Türkiye.
| | - Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55136-553, Iran.
| | - Ozkan Kaya
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Erzincan, 24060, Türkiye.
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
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30
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Liu X, Wang Y, Ma X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Ma F, Li C. MdbHLH93 confers drought tolerance by activating MdTyDC expression and promoting dopamine biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129003. [PMID: 38159695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine and its biosynthesis-limiting enzyme tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC) play a vital part in mediating plant growth and the response to drought stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, drought stress markedly induced the expression of Malus domestica bHLH93 (MdbHLH93), the apple basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Moreover, MdbHLH93 directly bound to the Malus domestica TyDC (MdTyDC) promoter and positively regulated its expression, which resulted in dopamine synthesis and enhanced drought tolerance. Furthermore, the additive effect of overexpressing MdbHLH93 and MdTyDC simultaneously promoted dopamine synthesis and drought tolerance in apples, while the interference of MdbHLH93 inhibited this effect, indicating that MdTyDC-regulated dopamine synthesis and drought tolerance were positively regulated by MdbHLH93. Taken together, these findings suggest the positive regulation of dopamine accumulation by MdbHLH93 through its transcriptional regulation of MdTyDC and show that increased dopamine content confers drought tolerance in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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31
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Gu Z, Hu C, Gan Y, Zhou J, Tian G, Gao L. Role of Microbes in Alleviating Crop Drought Stress: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:384. [PMID: 38337917 PMCID: PMC10857462 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is an annual global phenomenon that has devastating effects on crop production, so numerous studies have been conducted to improve crop drought resistance. Plant-associated microbiota play a crucial role in crop health and growth; however, we have a limited understanding of the key processes involved in microbiome-induced crop adaptation to drought stress. In this review, we summarize the adverse effects of drought stress on crop growth in terms of germination, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, biomass, and yield, with a focus on the response of soil microbial communities to drought stress and plant-microbe interactions under drought stress. Moreover, we review the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying the mitigation effect of microbes on crop drought stress. Finally, we highlight future research directions, including the characterization of specific rhizosphere microbiome species with corresponding root exudates and the efficiency of rhizobacteria inoculants under drought conditions. Such research will advance our understanding of the complex interactions between crops and microbes and improve crop resistance to drought stress through the application of beneficial drought-adaptive microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Gu
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China;
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Chengji Hu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Yuxin Gan
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Jinyan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Guangli Tian
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China; (C.H.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (G.T.)
| | - Limin Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, Nanjing 210014, China
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He X, He Y, Dong Y, Gao Y, Sun X, Chen W, Xu X, Su C, Lv Y, Ren B, Yin H, Zeng J, Ma W, Mu P. Genome-wide analysis of FRF gene family and functional identification of HvFRF9 under drought stress in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1347842. [PMID: 38328701 PMCID: PMC10847358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1347842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
FHY3 and its homologous protein FAR1 are the founding members of FRS family. They exhibited diverse and powerful physiological functions during evolution, and participated in the response to multiple abiotic stresses. FRF genes are considered to be truncated FRS family proteins. They competed with FRS for DNA binding sites to regulate gene expression. However, only few studies are available on FRF genes in plants participating in the regulation of abiotic stress. With wide adaptability and high stress-resistance, barley is an excellent candidate for the identification of stress-resistance-related genes. In this study, 22 HvFRFs were detected in barley using bioinformatic analysis from whole genome. According to evolution and conserved motif analysis, the 22 HvFRFs could be divided into subfamilies I and II. Most promoters of subfamily I members contained abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate response elements; however, a large number promoters of subfamily II contained gibberellin and salicylic acid response elements. HvFRF9, one of the members of subfamily II, exhibited a expression advantage in different tissues, and it was most significantly upregulated under drought stress. In-situ PCR revealed that HvFRF9 is mainly expressed in the root epidermal cells, as well as xylem and phloem of roots and leaves, indicating that HvFRF9 may be related to absorption and transportation of water and nutrients. The results of subcellular localization indicated that HvFRF9 was mainly expressed in the nuclei of tobacco epidermal cells and protoplast of arabidopsis. Further, transgenic arabidopsis plants with HvFRF9 overexpression were generated to verify the role of HvFRF9 in drought resistance. Under drought stress, leaf chlorosis and wilting, MDA and O2 - contents were significantly lower, meanwhile, fresh weight, root length, PRO content, and SOD, CAT and POD activities were significantly higher in HvFRF9-overexpressing arabidopsis plants than in wild-type plants. Therefore, overexpression of HvFRF9 could significantly enhance the drought resistance in arabidopsis. These results suggested that HvFRF9 may play a key role in drought resistance in barley by increasing the absorption and transportation of water and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This study provided a theoretical basis for drought resistance in barley and provided new genes for drought resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Mu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Jia M, Ni Y, Zhao H, Liu X, Yan W, Zhao X, Wang J, He B, Liu H. Full-length transcriptome and RNA-Seq analyses reveal the resistance mechanism of sesame in response to Corynespora cassiicola. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38262910 PMCID: PMC10804834 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynespora leaf spot is a common leaf disease occurring in sesame, and the disease causes leaf yellowing and even shedding, which affects the growth quality of sesame. At present, the mechanism of sesame resistance to this disease is still unclear. Understanding the resistance mechanism of sesame to Corynespora leaf spot is highly important for the control of infection. In this study, the leaves of the sesame resistant variety (R) and the sesame susceptible variety (S) were collected at 0-48 hpi for transcriptome sequencing, and used a combined third-generation long-read and next-generation short-read technology approach to identify some key genes and main pathways related to resistance. RESULTS The gene expression levels of the two sesame varieties were significantly different at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hpi, indicating that the up-regulation of differentially expressed genes in the R might enhanced the resistance. Moreover, combined with the phenotypic observations of sesame leaves inoculated at different time points, we found that 12 hpi was the key time point leading to the resistance difference between the two sesame varieties at the molecular level. The WGCNA identified two modules significantly associated with disease resistance, and screened out 10 key genes that were highly expressed in R but low expressed in S, which belonged to transcription factors (WRKY, AP2/ERF-ERF, and NAC types) and protein kinases (RLK-Pelle_DLSV, RLK-Pelle_SD-2b, and RLK-Pelle_WAK types). These genes could be the key response factors in the response of sesame to infection by Corynespora cassiicola. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that specific modules could be enriched, which manifested as enrichment in biologically important pathways, such as plant signalling hormone transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, MAPK and other stress-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important resource of genes contributing to disease resistance and will deepen our understanding of the regulation of disease resistance, paving the way for further molecular breeding of sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics of Henan Province, Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yunxia Ni
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics of Henan Province, Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics of Henan Province, Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Xintao Liu
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Xinbei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Bipo He
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of IPM of Pests on Crop (Southern North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics of Henan Province, Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
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Geng A, Lian W, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen G. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Pathways Underlying Drought Stress Response in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1185. [PMID: 38256261 PMCID: PMC10817035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice is a staple food for 350 million people globally. Its yield thus affects global food security. Drought is a serious environmental factor affecting rice growth. Alleviating the inhibition of drought stress is thus an urgent challenge that should be solved to enhance rice growth and yield. This review details the effects of drought on rice morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and the genes associated with drought stress response, their biological functions, and molecular regulatory pathways. The review further highlights the main future research directions to collectively provide theoretical support and reference for improving drought stress adaptation mechanisms and breeding new drought-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Vleugels T, Saleem A, Dubey R, Muylle H, Borra-Serrano I, Lootens P, De Swaef T, Roldán-Ruiz I. Phenotypic characterization of drought responses in red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1304411. [PMID: 38283975 PMCID: PMC10811260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1304411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a protein-rich, short-lived perennial forage crop that can achieve high yields, but suffers increasingly from drought in different cultivation areas. Breeding for increased adaptation to drought is becoming essential, but at this stage it is unclear which traits breeders should target to phenotype responses to drought that allow them to identify the most promising red clover genotypes. In this study, we assessed how prolonged periods of drought affected plant growth in field conditions, and which traits could be used to distinguish better adapted plant material. Methods A diverse panel of 395 red clover accessions was evaluated during two growing seasons. We simulated 6-to-8-week drought periods during two consecutive summers, using mobile rain-out shelters, while an irrigated control field was established in an adjacent parcel. Plant growth was monitored throughout both growing seasons using multiple flights with a drone equipped with RGB and thermal sensors. At various observation moments throughout both growing seasons, we measured canopy cover (CC) and canopy height (CH). The crop water stress index (CWSI) was determined at two moments, during or shortly after the drought event. Results Manual and UAV-derived measurements for CH were well correlated, indicating that UAV-derived measurements can be reliably used in red clover. In both years, CC, CH and CWSI were affected by drought, with measurable growth reductions by the end of the drought periods, and during the recovery phase. We found that the end of the drought treatment and the recovery phase of approximately 20 days after drought were suitable periods to phenotype drought responses and to distinguish among genotypes. Discussion Multifactorial analysis of accession responses revealed interactions of the maturity type with drought responses, which suggests the presence of two independent strategies in red clover: 'drought tolerance' and 'drought recovery'. We further found that a large proportion of the accessions able to perform well under well-watered conditions were also the ones that were less affected by drought. The results of this investigation are interpreted in view of the development of breeding for adaptation to drought in red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vleugels
- ILVO (Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
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Xiang W, Guo Z, Han J, Gao Y, Ma F, Gong X. The apple autophagy-related gene MdATG10 improves drought tolerance and water use efficiency in transgenic apple plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108214. [PMID: 38016369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Loess Plateau is the main apple production area in China; low precipitation is one of the most important factors limiting apple production here. Autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotes that recycles cell contents or damaged macromolecules. Previously, we identified an autophagy-related gene MdATG10 from apple plants, which was involved in the responses to stressed conditions. In this study, we found that MdATG10 improved the drought tolerance and water use efficiency (WUE) of transgenic apple plants. MdATG10-overexpressing (OE) apple plants were more tolerant of short-term drought stress, as evidenced by their fewer drought-related injuries, compared with wild-type (WT) apple plants. In addition, the WUE of OE plants was higher than that of WT plants under long-term moderate water deficit conditions. The growth rate, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and stomatal aperture were higher in OE plants than in WT plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. During the process of adapting to drought, the expressions of genes involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway were reduced in OE plants to decrease the synthesis of ABA, which helped maintain the stomatal opening for gas exchange. Furthermore, autophagic activity was higher in OE plants than in WT plants, as evidenced by the higher expressions of ATG genes and the greater number of autophagy bodies. In sum, our results suggested that overexpression of MdATG10 improved drought tolerance and WUE in apple plants, possibly by regulating stomatal movement and enhancing autophagic activity, which then enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency and reduced damage, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jifa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiran Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ntui VO, Tripathi JN, Kariuki SM, Tripathi L. Cassava molecular genetics and genomics for enhanced resistance to diseases and pests. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13402. [PMID: 37933591 PMCID: PMC10788594 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the most important sources of dietary calories in the tropics, playing a central role in food and economic security for smallholder farmers. Cassava production is highly constrained by several pests and diseases, mostly cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). These diseases cause significant yield losses, affecting food security and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Developing resistant varieties is a good way of increasing cassava productivity. Although some levels of resistance have been developed for some of these diseases, there is observed breakdown in resistance for some diseases, such as CMD. A frequent re-evaluation of existing disease resistance traits is required to make sure they are still able to withstand the pressure associated with pest and pathogen evolution. Modern breeding approaches such as genomic-assisted selection in addition to biotechnology techniques like classical genetic engineering or genome editing can accelerate the development of pest- and disease-resistant cassava varieties. This article summarizes current developments and discusses the potential of using molecular genetics and genomics to produce cassava varieties resistant to diseases and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical AgricultureNairobiKenya
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38
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Samanta S, Seth CS, Roychoudhury A. The molecular paradigm of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with different phytohormone signaling pathways during drought stress in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108259. [PMID: 38154293 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Drought is undoubtedly a major environmental constraint that negatively affects agricultural yield and productivity throughout the globe. Plants are extremely vulnerable to drought which imposes several physiological, biochemical and molecular perturbations. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in different plant organs is one of the inevitable consequences of drought. ROS and RNS are toxic byproducts of metabolic reactions and poise oxidative stress and nitrosative stress that are detrimental for plants. In spite of toxic effects, these potentially active radicals also play a beneficial role in mediating several signal transduction events that lead to plant acclimation and enhanced survival under harsh environmental conditions. The precise understanding of ROS and RNS signaling and their molecular paradigm with different phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, strigolactones, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and melatonin play a pivotal role for maintaining plant fitness and resilience to counteract drought toxicity. Therefore, the present review provides an overview of integrated systemic signaling between ROS, RNS and phytohormones during drought stress based on past and recent advancements and their influential role in conferring protection against drought-induced damages in different plant species. Indeed, it would not be presumptuous to hope that the detailed knowledge provided in this review will be helpful for designing drought-tolerant crop cultivars in the forthcoming times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Samanta
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068, India.
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Yin L, Xu J, Zhang L, Liu D, Zhang C, Liu T, Wang S, Deng X. Altered fatty acid composition confers improved drought acclimation in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108274. [PMID: 38100891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought induces alteration in membrane lipid composition in plants; however, still little is known about whether membrane lipid remodeling plays a role in plant drought acclimation, including both drought tolerance and recovery, especially in crops. Here, we imposed natural progressive drought and re-watering in 18 maize genotypes at the seedling stage, and analyzed the physiological responses, drought tolerance and drought acclimation capabilities, contents of lipids, and fatty acid compositions. The results showed that drought caused significant reductions in shoot dry weight, relative water content, Fv/Fm, total lipid content, and double bond index (DBI) in most genotypes, while re-watering partially recovered these reductions. Meanwhile, the total lipid content, fatty acid composition, and DBI were also changed obviously in response to drought and re-watering. In order to explore the relationship between membrane lipid change and plant drought response, we did a principal component analysis. The results showed that C18:3 fatty acid contributed greatly to drought tolerance, and C16:2 and C16:3 fatty acids were more responsible for drought recovery. Meanwhile, DBI showed significant positive correlations with shoot dry weight and relative water content, but a negative association with lipid peroxidation, and more importantly, DBI was important for both drought tolerance and recovery. These alterations in membrane lipid composition may facilitate increasing membrane fluidity and decreasing membrane damage, thus maintaining the high photosynthetic capability under drought. Our results suggest that lipid remodeling is important for drought tolerance and recovery in crops, and different fatty acid species have different roles in crop drought acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Congyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Yang H, Song J, Yu X. Artemisia baimaensis allelopathy has a negative effect on the establishment of Elymus nutans artificial grassland in natural grassland. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2163349. [PMID: 36645912 PMCID: PMC9851241 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Planting Elymus nutans artificial grassland to replace degraded Artemisia baimaensis grassland on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau (QTP) can effectively alleviate local grass-livestock imbalance. However, it is unknown whether the allelopathy of natural grassland plant A. baimaensis on E. nutans affects grassland establishment. Accordingly, we examined the effects of varying concentrations of aqueous extracts of A. baimaensis litter on the seed germination and early seedling growth of E. nutans, and the effects of A. baimaensis volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the growth parameters and physiological characteristics of E. nutans. The results indicate that the aqueous extract inhibited the force, percentage, and index of germination of E. nutans and affected early seedling growth, particularly at high concentrations. Further, the VOCs significantly reduced the aboveground and root biomass of E. nutans and increased malondialdehyde concentrations. Additionally, these VOCs altered the antioxidant enzyme activities and increased the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid peroxidase, soluble sugar, and proline content but significantly decreased glutathione reductase levels. Our results indicate that the allelopathy of A. baimaensis significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of E. nutans . Thus, the leaching of A. baimaensis may produce allelochemicals in the soil that inhibit the germination of E. nutans seeds. Moreover, the VOCs of A. baimaensis may disrupt the growth process, resulting in a decrease in biomass and a disruption of the physiological metabolism of seedlings under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Song
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
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Hu Z, Li Y, Yang J, Song S, Li X, Xiong C, Yi P, Liu C, Hu R, Huang X. The positive impact of the NtTAS14-like1 gene on osmotic stress response in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:25. [PMID: 38155260 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NtTAS14-like1 enhances osmotic tolerance through coordinately activating the expression of osmotic- and ABA-related genes. Osmotic stress is one of the most important limiting factors for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) growth and development. Dehydrin proteins are widely involved in plant adaptation to osmotic stress, but few of these proteins have been functionally characterized in tobacco. Here, to identify genes required for osmotic stress response in tobacco, an encoding dehydrin protein gene NtTAS14-like1 was isolated based on RNA sequence data. The expression of NtTAS14-like1 was obviously induced by mannitol and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Knock down of NtTAS14-like1 expression reduced osmotic tolerance, while overexpression of NtTAS14-like1 conferred tolerance to osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco plants, as determined by physiological analysis of the relative electrolyte leakage and malonaldehyde accumulation. Further expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR indicated that NtTAS14-like1 participates in osmotic stress response possibly through coordinately activating osmotic- and ABA-related genes expression, such as late embryogenesis abundant (NtLEA5), early responsive to dehydration 10C (NtERD10C), calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 (NtCDPK2), ABA-responsive element-binding protein (NtAREB), ABA-responsive element-binding factor 1 (NtABF1), dehydration-responsive element-binding genes (NtDREB2A), xanthoxin dehydrogenase/reductase (NtABA2), ABA-aldehyde oxidase 3 (NtAAO3), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NtNCED3). Together, this study will facilitate to improve our understandings of molecular and functional properties of plant TAS14 proteins and to improve genetic evidence on the involvement of the NtTAS14-like1 in osmotic stress response of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Hu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jiashuo Yang
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Shurui Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | | | - Pengfei Yi
- Changde Tobacco Company, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Canhui Liu
- Changsha Tobacco Company, Changsha, 410019, Hunan, China
| | - Risheng Hu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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Wu B, Shi S, Zhang H, Lu B, Nan P, A Y. Anabolic metabolism of autotoxic substance coumarins in plants. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16508. [PMID: 38077428 PMCID: PMC10710134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autotoxicity is an intraspecific manifestation of allelopathy in plant species. The specialized metabolites and their derivatives that cause intraspecific allelopathic inhibition in the plant are known as autotoxic substances. Consequently, autotoxic substances production seriously affects the renewal and stability of ecological communities. Methods This article systematically summarizes the types of autotoxic substances present in different plants. They mainly include phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and nitrogenous organic compounds. Phenolic coumarins are the main autotoxic substances in many plants. Therefore, we also discuss differences in coumarin types and content among plant varieties, developmental stages, and tissue parts, as well as their mechanisms of autotoxicity. In addition, we review the metabolic pathways involved in coumarin biosynthesis, the key enzymes, genes, and transcription factors, as well as factors affecting coumarin biosynthesis. Results Coumarin biosynthesis involves three stages: (1) the formation of the coumarin nucleus; (2) acylation, hydroxylation, and cyclization; (3) structural modification. The key enzymes involved in the coumarin nuclear formation stage include PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, CAOMT, COSY, F6'H, and CCoAOMT1, and the key genes involved include BGA, CYP450 and MDR, among others. Ortho-hydroxylation is a key step in coumarin biosynthesis and PS, COSY and S8H are the key enzymes involved in this process. Finally, UGTs are responsible for the glycosylation modification of coumarins, and the MaUGT gene may therefore be involved in coumarin biosynthesis. Conclusion It is important to elucidate the autotoxicity and anabolic mechanisms of coumarins to create new germplasms that produce fewer autotoxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baofu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Pan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yun A
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wang W, Shi S, Kang W, He L. Enriched endogenous free Spd and Spm in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought stress enhance drought tolerance by inhibiting H 2O 2 production to increase antioxidant enzyme activity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154139. [PMID: 37988872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major factor limiting agricultural development, and exogenous polyamines (PAs) can increase plant drought resistance by enhancing antioxidant activity, but few studies have examined whether endogenous PAs enhance the plant antioxidant system. Here, to investigate the effects of endogenous PAs on the antioxidant system of alfalfa under drought stress and the underlying mechanisms, two alfalfa cultivars, Longzhong (drought resistant) and Gannong No. 3 (drought sensitive), were used as test materials, and their seedlings were treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) for 8 days at -1.2 MPa to simulate drought stress. The levels of free PAs [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)], hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), key PA metabolism enzyme [arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), polyamine oxidase (PAO), and diamine oxidase (DAO)] activities, and antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)] activities were measured. These physiological indicators were used for correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between PA metabolism and the antioxidant enzyme system. The results showed that PA synthesis in alfalfa under drought stress was dominated by the ADC pathway. Spd and Spm played an important role in improving drought tolerance. The high levels of ADC and SAMDC activities were facilitated by the conversion of Put to Spd and Spm. H2O2 generation by oxidative decomposition of PAs was mainly dependent on the oxidative decomposition of DAO but not PAO. Low DAO activity favored low H2O2 production. Spd, Spm, ADC, ODC and SAMDC were positively correlated with the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and POD in both cultivars under drought. Therefore, we concluded that high ADC and SAMDC activities in alfalfa promoted the conversion of Put to Spd and Spm, leading to high accumulation of Spd and Spm and low Put accumulation. Low Put levels led to low H2O2 production through low DAO activity, and low H2O2 levels induced the expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes to improve antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce MDA accumulation and thereby enhanced drought resistance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangli Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wenjuan Kang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Long He
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Wang Y, Liu M, Guo Z, Liang Y, Lu Y, Xu Y, Sun M. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of Crossostephium chinense Reveals Its Molecular Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16812. [PMID: 38069143 PMCID: PMC10706559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Crossostephium chinense is a wild species with strong salt tolerance that has great potential to improve the salt tolerance of cultivated chrysanthemums. Conversely, the unique salt-tolerant molecular mechanisms of Cr. chinense are still unclear. This study performed a comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis of Cr. chinense, Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium, and three hybrids to investigate the salt-tolerant molecular mechanisms of Cr. chinense. The physiological results showed that Cr. chinense maintained higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, alleviating oxidative damage to the membrane. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that plant hormone signaling transduction and the MAPK signaling pathway were mostly enriched in Cr. chinense and hybrids under salt stress. Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of DEGs suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling transduction may play a significant role in the salt-tolerant mechanisms of Cr. chinense and hybrids. The tissue-specific expression patterns of the candidate genes related to ABA signaling transduction and the MAPK signaling pathway indicate that genes related to ABA signaling transduction demonstrated significant expression levels under salt stress. This study offers important insights into exploring the underlying salt-tolerant mechanisms of Cr. chinense mediated by ABA signaling transduction and broadens our understanding of the breeding strategies for developing salt-tolerant cultivars utilizing salt-tolerant chrysanthemum germplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.W.); (M.L.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
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45
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Xing J, Fan W, Wang J, Shi F. Variety-Driven Effect of Rhizosphere Microbial-Specific Recruitment on Drought Tolerance of Medicago ruthenica (L.). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2851. [PMID: 38137995 PMCID: PMC10745984 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the environmental factors that seriously affect plant growth and crop production, drought requires an efficient but environmentally neutral approach to mitigate its harm to plants. Soil microbiomes can interact with plants and soil to improve the adverse effects of drought. Medicago ruthenica (L.) is an excellent legume forage with strong drought tolerance, but the key role of microbes in fighting drought stress remains unclear. What kind of flora plays a key role? Is the recruitment of such flora related to its genotype? Therefore, we selected three varieties of M. ruthenica (L.) for drought treatment, analyzed their growth and development as well as their physiological and biochemical characteristics, and performed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis on their rhizosphere soils to clarify the variety-mediated response of rhizosphere bacteria to drought stress. It was found that among the three varieties of M. ruthenica (L.), Mengnong No.2, Mengnong No.1 and Zhilixing were subjected to drought stress and showed a reduction in plant height increment of 24.86%, 34.37%, and 31.97% and in fresh weight of 39.19%, 50.22%, and 41.12%, respectively, whereas dry weight was reduced by 23.26%, 26.10%, and 24.49%, respectively. At the same time, we found that the rhizosphere microbial community of Mengnong No. 2 was also less affected by drought, and it was able to maintain the diversity of rhizosphere soil microflora stable after drought stress, while Mennong No. 1 and Zhilixing were affected by drought stress, resulting in a decrease in rhizosphere soil bacterial community diversity indices to 92.92% and 82.27%, respectively. Moreover, the rhizosphere of Mengnon No. 2 was enriched with more nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium than the other two varieties of M. ruthenica (L.), which made it still have a good ability to accumulate aboveground biomass after drought stress. In conclusion, this study proves that the enrichment process of bacteria is closely related to plant genotype, and different varieties enrich different types of bacteria in the rhizosphere to help them adapt to drought stress, and the respective effects are quite different. Our results provide new evidence for the study of bacteria to improve the tolerance of plants to drought stress and lay a foundation for the screening and study mechanism of drought-tolerant bacteria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fengling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China; (J.X.); (W.F.); (J.W.)
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Wang M, Wang L, Yu X, Zhao J, Tian Z, Liu X, Wang G, Zhang L, Guo X. Enhancing cold and drought tolerance in cotton: a protective role of SikCOR413PM1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:577. [PMID: 37978345 PMCID: PMC10656917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the potential role of cold-regulated plasma membrane protein COR413PM1 isolated from Saussurea involucrata (Matsum. & Koidz)(SikCOR413PM1), in enhancing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) tolerance to cold and drought stresses through transgenic methods. Under cold and drought stresses, the survival rate and the fresh and dry weights of the SikCOR413PM1-overexpressing lines were higher than those of the wild-type plants, and the degree of leaf withering was much lower. Besides, overexpressing SikCOR413PM1 overexpression increased the relative water content, reduced malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity, and elevated proline and soluble sugar levels in cotton seedlings. These findings suggest that SikCOR413PM1 minimizes cell membrane damage and boosts plant stability under challenging conditions. Additionally, overexpression of this gene upregulated antioxidant enzyme-related genes in cotton seedlings, resulting in enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, lowered peroxide content, and reduced oxidative stress. SikCOR413PM1 overexpression also modulated the expression of stress-related genes (GhDREB1A, GhDREB1B, GhDREB1C, GhERF2, GhNAC3, and GhRD22). In field trials, the transgenic cotton plants overexpressing SikCOR413PM1 displayed high yields and increased environmental tolerance. Our study thus demonstrates the role of SikCOR413PM1 in regulating stress-related genes, osmotic adjustment factors, and peroxide content while preserving cell membrane stability and improving cold and drought tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lepeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxue Yu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijia Tian
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Xinjiang Agricultural Development Group Crop Hospital Co. LTD, Tumushuke, Xinjiang, 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Agricultural Science Institute of the seventh division of Xinjiang Corps, Kuitun, Xinjiang, 833200, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyong Guo
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
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Shen J, Wang X, Song H, Wang M, Niu T, Lei H, Qin C, Liu A. Physiology and transcriptomics highlight the underlying mechanism of sunflower responses to drought stress and rehydration. iScience 2023; 26:108112. [PMID: 37860690 PMCID: PMC10583116 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought can adversely influence the crop growth and production. Accordingly, sunflowers have strong adaptability to drought; hence, we conducted analyses for sunflower seedlings with drought stress and rehydration drought acclimation through physiological measurements and transcriptomics. It showed that drought can cause the accumulation of ROS and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmolytes. After rehydration, the contents of ROS and MDA were significantly reduced concomitant with increased antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment. Totally, 2,589 DEGs were identified among treatments. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Comparison between differentially spliced genes and DEGs indicated that bHLH025, NAC53, and SINAT3 may be pivotal genes involved in sunflower drought resistance. Our results not only highlight the underlying mechanism of drought stress and rehydration in sunflower but also provide a theoretical basis for crop genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Huifang Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Tianzeng Niu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Haiying Lei
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
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Zhu K, Feng Y, Huang Y, Zhang D, Ateeq M, Zheng X, Al-Babili S, Li G, Liu J. β-Cyclocitric acid enhances drought tolerance in peach (Prunus persica) seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1933-1949. [PMID: 37561416 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The β-cyclocitric acid (β-CCA) is a bioactive apocarotenoid previously shown to improve drought tolerance in annual plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this process remains largely elusive. Moreover, the question about the activity of β-CCA in perennial fruit crops is still open. Here, we found that treatment of β-CCA enhances drought tolerance in peach seedlings. The application of β-CCA significantly increased the relative water content and root activity and reduced the electrolyte leakage of peach seedlings under drought stress. Moreover, treatment with β-CCA under drought stress increased chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating a positive effect on photosynthesis, while also enhancing superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Consistent with these alterations, transcriptome analysis revealed an up-regulation of photosynthesis and antioxidant-related genes upon the application of β-CCA under drought stress. We also detected an induction in genes related to detoxification, environmental adaptation, primary metabolism, phytohormone, phenylpropanoid and the biosynthesis of cutin, suberine and wax, which might contribute to the induction of drought resistance. Altogether, our study reveals that β-CCA positively modulates peach drought tolerance, which is mainly mediated by enhancing photosynthesis and reducing ROS, indicating the potential of utilizing β-CCA for drought control in peach and perhaps other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhu
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Yimei Feng
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Xiongjie Zheng
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guohuai Li
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Junwei Liu
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
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Misra V, Mall AK, Pandey H, Srivastava S, Sharma A. Advancements and prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies for abiotic and biotic stresses in sugar beet. Front Genet 2023; 14:1235855. [PMID: 38028586 PMCID: PMC10665535 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1235855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet is a crop with high sucrose content, known for sugar production and recently being considered as an emerging raw material for bioethanol production. This crop is also utilized as cattle feed, mainly when animal green fodder is scarce. Bioethanol and hydrogen gas production from this crop is an essential source of clean energy. Environmental stresses (abiotic/biotic) severely affect the productivity of this crop. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of biotic and abiotic stress responses in sugar beet have been investigated using next-generation sequencing, gene editing/silencing, and over-expression approaches. This information can be efficiently utilized through CRISPR/Cas 9 technology to mitigate the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses in sugar beet cultivation. This review highlights the potential use of CRISPR/Cas 9 technology for abiotic and biotic stress management in sugar beet. Beet genes known to be involved in response to alkaline, cold, and heavy metal stresses can be precisely modified via CRISPR/Cas 9 technology for enhancing sugar beet's resilience to abiotic stresses with minimal off-target effects. Similarly, CRISPR/Cas 9 technology can help generate insect-resistant sugar beet varieties by targeting susceptibility-related genes, whereas incorporating Cry1Ab and Cry1C genes may provide defense against lepidopteron insects. Overall, CRISPR/Cas 9 technology may help enhance sugar beet's adaptability to challenging environments, ensuring sustainable, high-yield production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varucha Misra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - A. K. Mall
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
- Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Avinash Sharma
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, India
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50
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Zhang M, Agassin RH, Huang Z, Wang D, Yao S, Ji K. Transcriptome-Wide Identification of TCP Transcription Factor Family Members in Pinus massoniana and Their Expression in Regulation of Development and in Response to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15938. [PMID: 37958919 PMCID: PMC10648340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana is an important coniferous tree species for barren mountain afforestation with enormous ecological and economic significance. It has strong adaptability to the environment. TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in plant stress response, hormone signal transduction, and development processes. At present, TCP TFs have been widely studied in multiple plant species, but research in P. massoniana has not been carried out. In this study, 13 PmTCP TFs were identified from the transcriptomes of P. massoniana. The phylogenetic results revealed that these PmTCP members were divided into two categories: Class I and Class II. Each PmTCP TF contained a conserved TCP domain, and the conserved motif types and numbers were similar in the same subgroup. According to the transcriptional profiling analysis under drought stress conditions, it was found that seven PmTCP genes responded to drought treatment to varying degrees. The qRT-PCR results showed that the majority of PmTCP genes were significantly expressed in the needles and may play a role in the developmental stage. Meanwhile, the PmTCPs could respond to several stresses and hormone treatments at different levels, which may be important for stress resistance. In addition, PmTCP7 and PmTCP12 were nuclear localization proteins, and PmTCP7 was a transcriptional suppressor. These results will help to explore the regulatory factors related to the growth and development of P. massoniana, enhance its stress resistance, and lay the foundation for further exploration of the physiological effects on PmTCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kongshu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Open Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Gene Engineering of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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