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Elhessy HM, Berika M, Salem YG, El-Desoky MM, Eldesoqui M, Mostafa N, Habotta OA, Lashine NH. Therapeutic effects of intermittent fasting on high-fat, high-fructose diet; involvement of jejunal aquaporin 1, 3, and 7. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28436. [PMID: 38560252 PMCID: PMC10979098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channel proteins. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) are expressed in the jejunum. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) and intermittent fasting (IF) affect AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 expression in the rat jejunum. Methods Sixteen adult male rats were divided into control rats (n = 4) fed on a basal diet and water ad libitum for 12 weeks; IF control rats (n = 4) followed the IF protocol, HFFD-fed rats (n = 8) fed HFFD for eight weeks, and rats were randomized into two groups: HFFD only or HFFD and IF protocol from the beginning of the 9th week until the end of the experiment. The lipid profile values were assessed after 12 weeks. Jejunal oxidative markers (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione) and AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 mRNA expression were measured. Jejunal sections were used for morphometric analysis of villus length and crypt depth. Immunohistochemical evaluation of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 expression was also performed. Results IF ameliorates HFFD-induced lipid profile, oxidative stress, and jejunal morphometric changes. The results of both mRNA expression using PCR and immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in AQP1, AQP3, and AQP7 expression in HFFD, whereas IF caused a decline in this expression. Conclusion These findings suggest that IF can reduce inflammation, and oxidative stress and restore jejunal morphology caused by HFFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Elhessy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Berika
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassmin G. Salem
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Manal M. El-Desoky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, 13713, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ola A. Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nermeen H. Lashine
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Cheng Q, Zhang J, Ding H, Wang Z, Fang J, Fang X, Li M, Li R, Meng J, Liu H, Lu X, Xu Y, Chen C, Zhang W. Integrated multiomics analysis reveals changes in liver physiological function in Aqp9 gene knockout mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125459. [PMID: 37353119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is the main channel by which blood glycerol enters the liver, where it plays key roles in osmotic pressure regulation and energy metabolism. Previous studies have shown that AQP9 is involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of AQP9 in maintaining the physiological environment of the liver using Aqp9-/- mice. We constructed Aqp9 knockout mice and used comprehensive multiomics analysis to elucidate the potential molecular effects of AQP9 expression on liver tissue. Knockout of Aqp9 reduced mouse body weight by affecting glycerol metabolism and led to hepatocyte death and inflammatory cell infiltration, which was confirmed by transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Moreover, knockout of Aqp9 triggered immune and inflammatory responses, leading to scattered and mild liver cell pyroptosis and compensatory liver cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancheng Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huiru Ding
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinyu Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jieyi Meng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huaicun Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yiyao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Bhend ME, Kempuraj D, Sinha NR, Gupta S, Mohan RR. Role of aquaporins in corneal healing post chemical injury. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109390. [PMID: 36696947 PMCID: PMC9975064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channel proteins that regulate the movement of water through the plasma membrane in various tissues including cornea. The cornea is avascular and has specialized microcirculatory mechanisms for homeostasis. AQPs regulate corneal hydration and transparency for normal vision. Currently, there are 13 known isoforms of AQPs that can be subclassified as orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), or supraquaporins (SAQPs)/unorthodox AQPs. AQPs are implicated in keratocyte function, inflammation, edema, angiogenesis, microvessel proliferation, and the wound-healing process in the cornea. AQPs play an important role in wound healing by facilitating the movement of corneal stromal keratocytes by squeezing through tight stromal matrix and narrow extracellular spaces to the wound site. Deficiency of AQPs can cause reduced concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leading to reduced epithelial proliferation, reduced/impaired keratocyte migration, reduced number of keratocytes in the injury site, delayed and abnormal wound healing process. Dysregulated AQPs cause dysfunction in osmolar homeostasis as well as wound healing mechanisms. The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue that constitutes the anterior aspect of the outer covering of the eye and aids in two-thirds of visual light refraction. Being the outermost layer of the eye, the cornea is prone to injury. Of the 13 AQP isoforms, AQP1 is expressed in the stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells, and AQP3 and AQP5 are expressed in epithelial cells in the human cornea. AQPs can facilitate wound healing through aid in cellular migration, proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and autophagy mechanism. Corneal wound healing post-chemical injury requires an integrative and coordinated activity of the epithelium, stromal keratocytes, endothelium, ECM, and a battery of cytokines and growth factors to restore corneal transparency. If the chemical injury is mild, the cornea will heal with normal clarity, but severe injuries can lead to partial and/or permanent loss of corneal functions. Currently, the role of AQPs in corneal wound healing is poorly understood in the context of chemical injury. This review discusses the current literature and the role of AQPs in corneal homeostasis, wound repair, and potential therapeutic target for acute and chronic corneal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Bhend
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Aquaporins Display a Diversity in their Substrates. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:1-23. [PMID: 35986775 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that function to transport water and other small solutes across the cell membrane. Aquaporins family members are found in diverse life forms. Aquaporins share the common structural fold consisting of six transmembrane alpha helices with a central water-transporting channel. Four such monomers assemble together to form tetramers as their biological unit. Initially, aquaporins were discovered as water-transporting channels, but several studies supported their involvement in mediating the facilitated diffusion of different solutes. The so-called water channel is able to transport a variety of substrates ranging from a neutral molecule to a charged molecule or a small molecule to a bulky molecule or even a gas molecule. This article gives an overview of a diverse range of substrates conducted by aquaporin family members. Prime focus is on human aquaporins where aquaporins show a wide tissue distribution and substrate specificity leading to various physiological functions. This review also highlights the structural mechanisms leading to the transport of water and glycerol. More research is needed to understand how one common fold enables the aquaporins to transport an array of solutes.
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5
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Aquaporins and Ion Channels as Dual Targets in the Design of Novel Glioblastoma Therapeutics to Limit Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030849. [PMID: 36765806 PMCID: PMC9913334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) focus on eradicating primary tumors using radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection, but have limited success in controlling the invasive spread of glioma cells into a healthy brain, the major factor driving short survival times for patients post-diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of GBM biopsies reveal clusters of membrane signaling proteins that in combination serve as robust prognostic indicators, including aquaporins and ion channels, which are upregulated in GBM and implicated in enhanced glioblastoma motility. Accumulating evidence supports our proposal that the concurrent pharmacological targeting of selected subclasses of aquaporins and ion channels could impede glioblastoma invasiveness by impairing key cellular motility pathways. Optimal sets of channels to be selected as targets for combined therapies could be tailored to the GBM cancer subtype, taking advantage of differences in patterns of expression between channels that are characteristic of GBM subtypes, as well as distinguishing them from non-cancerous brain cells such as neurons and glia. Focusing agents on a unique channel fingerprint in GBM would further allow combined agents to be administered at near threshold doses, potentially reducing off-target toxicity. Adjunct therapies which confine GBM tumors to their primary sites during clinical treatments would offer profound advantages for treatment efficacy.
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da Silva IV, Soveral G. Aquaporins in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:289-302. [PMID: 36717502 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most important metabolic disorders of this century and is associated with a cluster of the most dangerous cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as insulin resistance and diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, collectively named Metabolic Syndrome. The role of aquaporins (AQP) in glycerol metabolism facilitating glycerol release from the adipose tissue and distribution to various tissues and organs unveils these membrane channels as important players in lipid balance and energy homeostasis and points to their involvement in a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms including insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes. This review summarizes the physiologic role of aquaglyceroporins in glycerol metabolism and lipid homeostasis, describing their specific tissue distribution, involvement in glycerol balance, and implication in obesity and fat-related metabolic complications. The development of specify pharmacologic modulators able to regulate aquaglyceroporins expression and function, in particular AQP7 in adipose tissue, might constitute a novel approach for controlling obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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7
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Reynoso-Moreno I, Rau M, Chicca A, Nicolussi S, Gertsch J. Assay of Endocannabinoid Uptake. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:329-348. [PMID: 36152200 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids at nanomolar physiological concentrations cross cellular membranes by facilitated diffusion, a process that can be studied by measuring transport kinetics and endocannabinoid trafficking employing radioligands and mass spectrometry. Here, we describe radiosubstrate-based assays using arachidonoyl[1-3H]ethanolamine and 2-arachidonoyl[1,2,3-3H]glycerol to measure cellular endocannabinoid uptake in a three-phase assay with human U937 cells. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)-based lipidomics was used to interrogate the roles of serum and albumin for endocannabinoid trafficking in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Reynoso-Moreno
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Rau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Nicolussi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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8
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Costa IPD, Hautem N, Schiano G, Uchida S, Nishino T, Devuyst O. Fasting influences aquaporin expression, water transport and adipocyte metabolism in the peritoneal membrane. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:1408-1420. [PMID: 36520078 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The water channels AQP1 and AQP7 are abundantly expressed in the peritoneal membrane. While AQP1 facilitates water transport during peritoneal dialysis (PD), the role of AQP7, which mediates glycerol transport during fasting, remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the distribution of AQP7 and AQP1 and used a mouse model of PD to investigate the role of AQP7 in the peritoneal membrane at baseline and after fasting. Results. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed that AQP7 was mostly detected in mature adipocytes, whereas AQP1 was essentially expressed in endothelial cells. Fasting induced significant decreases in whole body fat, plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, as well as higher plasma glycerol and corticosterone levels in mice, paralleled by major decreases in adipocyte size and levels of fatty acid synthase and leptin, and increased levels of hormone sensitive lipase mRNAs in the peritoneum. Mechanistically, fasting upregulated the expression of AQP1 and AQP7 in the peritoneum, with increased ultrafiltration but no change in small solute transport. Studies based on Aqp1 and Aqp7 knockout mice and RU-486 inhibition demonstrated that the glucocorticoid induction of AQP1 mediates the increase in ultrafiltration whereas AQP7 regulates the size of adipocytes in the peritoneum. CONCLUSIONS Fasting induces a coordinated regulation of lipolytic and lipogenic factors and aqua(glycero)porins in the peritoneum, driving structural and functional changes. These data yield novel information on the specific roles of aquaporins in the peritoneal membrane and indicate that fasting improves fluid removal in a mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gugliemo Schiano
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Markou A, Unger L, Abir-Awan M, Saadallah A, Halsey A, Balklava Z, Conner M, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Greenhill SD, Conner A, Bill RM, Salman MM, Kitchen P. Molecular mechanisms governing aquaporin relocalisation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183853. [PMID: 34973181 PMCID: PMC8825993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) form a family of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of water across biological membrane by osmosis, as well as facilitating the diffusion of small polar solutes. AQPs have been recognised as drug targets for a variety of disorders associated with disrupted water or solute transport, including brain oedema following stroke or trauma, epilepsy, cancer cell migration and tumour angiogenesis, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. Despite this, drug discovery for AQPs has made little progress due to a lack of reproducible high-throughput assays and difficulties with the druggability of AQP proteins. However, recent studies have suggested that targetting the trafficking of AQP proteins to the plasma membrane is a viable alternative drug target to direct inhibition of the water-conducting pore. Here we review the literature on the trafficking of mammalian AQPs with a view to highlighting potential new drug targets for a variety of conditions associated with disrupted water and solute homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Markou
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mohammed Abir-Awan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ahmed Saadallah
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrea Halsey
- MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Zita Balklava
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Matthew Conner
- School of Sciences, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | | | - Stuart D Greenhill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alex Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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11
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Pimpão C, Wragg D, da Silva IV, Casini A, Soveral G. Aquaglyceroporin Modulators as Emergent Pharmacological Molecules for Human Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:845237. [PMID: 35187089 PMCID: PMC8850838 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.845237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins, a sub-class of aquaporins that facilitate the diffusion of water, glycerol and other small uncharged solutes across cell membranes, have been recognized for their important role in human physiology and their involvement in multiple disorders, mostly related to disturbed energy homeostasis. Aquaglyceroporins dysfunction in a variety of pathological conditions highlighted their targeting as novel therapeutic strategies, boosting the search for potent and selective modulators with pharmacological properties. The identification of selective inhibitors with potential clinical applications has been challenging, relying on accurate assays to measure membrane glycerol permeability and validate effective functional blockers. Additionally, biologicals such as hormones and natural compounds have been revealed as alternative strategies to modulate aquaglyceroporins via their gene and protein expression. This review summarizes the current knowledge of aquaglyceroporins’ involvement in several pathologies and the experimental approaches used to evaluate glycerol permeability and aquaglyceroporin modulation. In addition, we provide an update on aquaglyceroporins modulators reported to impact disease, unveiling aquaglyceroporin pharmacological targeting as a promising approach for innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Darren Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Casini, ; Graça Soveral,
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Angela Casini, ; Graça Soveral,
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12
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Truelsen SF, Missel JW, Gotfryd K, Pedersen PA, Gourdon P, Lindorff-Larsen K, Hélix-Nielsen C. The role of water coordination in the pH-dependent gating of hAQP10. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183809. [PMID: 34699768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human aquaporin 10 (hAQP10) is an aquaglyceroporin that assists in maintaining glycerol flux in adipocytes during lipolysis at low pH. Hence, a molecular understanding of the pH-sensitive glycerol conductance may open up for drug development in obesity and metabolically related disorders. Control of hAQP10-mediated glycerol flux has been linked to the cytoplasmic end of the channel, where a unique loop is regulated by the protonation status of histidine 80 (H80). Here, we performed unbiased molecular dynamics simulations of three protonation states of H80 to unravel channel gating. Strikingly, at neutral pH, we identified a water coordination pattern with an inverted orientation of the water molecules in vicinity of the loop. Protonation of H80 results in a more hydrophobic loop conformation, causing loss of water coordination and leaving the pore often dehydrated. Our results indicate that the loss of such water interaction network may be integral for the destabilization of the loop in the closed configuration at low pH. Additionally, a residue unique to hAQP10 (F85) reveals structural importance by flipping into the channel in correlation with loop movements, indicating a loop-stabilizing role in the closed configuration. Taken together, our simulations suggest a unique gating mechanism combining complex interaction networks between water molecules and protein residues at the loop interface. Considering the role of hAQP10 in adipocytes, the detailed molecular insights of pH-regulation presented here will help to understand glycerol pathways in these cells and may assist in drug discovery for better management of human adiposity and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Friis Truelsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Winkel Missel
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kamil Gotfryd
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Per Amstrup Pedersen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Sölvegatan 19, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory & Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory & Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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13
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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14
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Charlestin V, Fulkerson D, Arias Matus CE, Walker ZT, Carthy K, Littlepage LE. Aquaporins: New players in breast cancer progression and treatment response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988119. [PMID: 36212456 PMCID: PMC9532844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small transmembrane proteins that selectively transport water and other small molecules and ions following an osmotic gradient across cell plasma membranes. This enables them to regulate numerous functions including water homeostasis, fat metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Previous structural and functional studies highlight a strong biological relationship between AQP protein expression, localization, and key biological functions in normal and cancer tissues, where aberrant AQP expression correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 in breast cancer progression and metastasis, including the role of AQPs in the tumor microenvironment, to highlight potential contributions of stromal-derived to epithelial-derived AQPs to breast cancer. Emerging evidence identifies AQPs as predictors of response to cancer therapy and as targets for increasing their sensitivity to treatment. However, these studies have not evaluated the requirements for protein structure on AQP function within the context of breast cancer. We also examine how AQPs contribute to a patient's response to cancer treatment, existing AQP inhibitors and how AQPs could serve as novel predictive biomarkers of therapy response in breast cancer. Future studies also should evaluate AQP redundancy and compensation as mechanisms used to overcome aberrant AQP function. This review highlights the need for additional research into how AQPs contribute molecularly to therapeutic resistance and by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Carlos E Arias Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Zachary T Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Carthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
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15
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Song WY, Wang Y, Hou XM, Tian CC, Wu L, Ma XS, Jin HX, Yao GD, Sun YP. Different expression and localization of aquaporin 7 and aquaporin 9 in granulosa cells, oocytes, and embryos of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and the negatively correlated relationship with insulin regulation. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:463-473. [PMID: 33579525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of aquaporin 7 (AQP7) and aquaporin 9 (AQP9) in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women and detect their localization in oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), MII, embryo, and blastocyst stages and the in vitro response to insulin stimulation. DESIGN Randomized, assessor-blinded study. SETTING Reproductive medical center. PATIENT(S) A total of 40 women (aged 20-38 years) comprising 29 cases of primary infertility and 11 cases of secondary infertility, of whom 17 had an initial diagnosis of PCOS and three received a PCOS diagnosis after an infertility examination. INTERVENTION(S) Controlling different concentrations of insulin and different treatment times in cultures of normal human granulosa cells in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of AQP7 and AQP9 genes and proteins in granulosa cells detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and localization in oocytes at the GV, MI, MII, embryo, and blastocyst stages by Western blot, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence assays, and concentrations of insulin in follicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULT(S) The expression levels of the AQP7 mRNA and protein in the granulosa cells of patients with PCOS were higher than found in healthy controls. We found AQP7 protein expressed in human oocytes at GV, MI, MII, embryo, and blastocyst stages; it was mainly located in the nucleoplasm. In the PCOS group, the expression level of AQP9 mRNA and protein in granulosa cells was lower, and AQP9 protein was expressed in oocytes at the GV, MI, MII, embryo, and blastocyst stages; it was localized on the nuclear membrane. Compared with healthy women, the insulin expression in patients with PCOS was higher. In cultures of normal human granulosa cells in vitro, the expression of AQP7 and AQP9 mRNA and protein decreased with the increase in insulin concentration; expression statistically significantly decreased when the insulin concentration was 100 nmol/L, and after 6 to 24 hours of exposure the lowest expression levels were found at 12 hours. CONCLUSION(S) The different localization and expression of AQP7 and AQP9 between the two groups suggests that they might be involved in oocyte maturation and embryonic development through different regulatory pathways. The expression levels of AQP7 and AQP9 were negatively correlated with insulin regulation, suggesting that insulin might affect the maturation of PCOS follicles by changing AQP7 and AQP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Hou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Shan Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Dong Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Lalik A, Soveral G. Recent Update on the Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadal Steroids Action in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5226. [PMID: 34069293 PMCID: PMC8157194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gonadal steroids, including androgens, estrogens and progestogens, are involved in the control of body fat distribution in humans. Nevertheless, not only the size and localization of the fat depots depend on the sex steroids levels, but they can also highly affect the functioning of adipose tissue. Namely, the gonadocorticoids can directly influence insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, fatty acid uptake and adipokine production. They may also alter energy balance and glucose homeostasis in adipocytes in an indirect way, e.g., by changing the expression level of aquaglyceroporins. This work presents the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of how the gonadal steroids influence the functioning of adipose tissue leading to a set of detrimental metabolic consequences. Special attention is given here to highlighting the sexual dimorphism of adipocyte functioning in terms of health and disease. Particularly, we discuss the molecular background of metabolic disturbances occurring in consequence of hormonal imbalance which is characteristic of some common endocrinopathies such as the polycystic ovary syndrome. From this perspective, we highlight the potential drug targets and the active substances which can be used in personalized sex-specific management of metabolic diseases, in accord with the patient's hormonal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Lalik
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Graça Soveral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
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17
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AQP3 and AQP5-Potential Regulators of Redox Status in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092613. [PMID: 33947079 PMCID: PMC8124745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is still one of the leading causes of mortality in the female population. Despite the campaigns for early detection, the improvement in procedures and treatment, drastic improvement in survival rate is omitted. Discovery of aquaporins, at first described as cellular plumbing system, opened new insights in processes which contribute to cancer cell motility and proliferation. As we discover new pathways activated by aquaporins, the more we realize the complexity of biological processes and the necessity to fully understand the pathways affected by specific aquaporin in order to gain the desired outcome-remission of the disease. Among the 13 human aquaporins, AQP3 and AQP5 were shown to be significantly upregulated in breast cancer indicating their role in the development of this malignancy. Therefore, these two aquaporins will be discussed for their involvement in breast cancer development, regulation of oxidative stress and redox signalling pathways leading to possibly targeting them for new therapies.
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18
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Involvement of aquaglyceroporins in energy metabolism in health and disease. Biochimie 2021; 188:20-34. [PMID: 33689852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins are a group of the aquaporin (AQP) family of transmembrane water channels. While AQPs facilitate the passage of water, small solutes, and gases across biological membranes, aquaglyceroporins allow passage of water, glycerol, urea and some other solutes. Thanks to their glycerol permeability, aquaglyceroporins are involved in energy homeostasis. This review provides an overview of what is currently known concerning the functional implication and control of aquaglyceroporins in tissues involved in energy metabolism, i.e. liver, adipose tissue and endocrine pancreas. The expression, role and (dys)regulation of aquaglyceroporins in disorders affecting energy metabolism, and the potential relevance of aquaglyceroporins as drug targets to treat the alterations of the energy balance is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Ma Y, Gao K, Yu H, Liu W, Qin Y, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan Cu(II) complex exerts antifungal activity by disrupting the cell membrane integrity of Phytophthora capsici Leonian. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117821. [PMID: 33766331 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the cell membrane is an effective method to prevent drug resistance in plant fungal diseases. Here, we proposed a negative remodeling model of the cell membrane structure induced by the C-coordinated O-carboxymethyl chitosan Cu (II) complex (O-CSLn-Cu). FITC-labeled O-CSLn-Cu (FITC-O-CSLn-Cu) was first synthesized via a nucleophilic substitution reaction and confirmed by FT-IR. FITC-labeled O-CSLn-Cu could pass through the fungal cell membrane, as detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) coupled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-fluorescence. O-CSLn-Cu treatment led to apparent morphological changes in the membranes of P. capsici Leonian and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, we performed component analysis of the cell membrane from the P. capsici Leonian affected by O-CSLn-Cu with a particular interest in membrane physicochemical properties. Many unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and key enzymes promoting UFA synthesis of the cell membrane were downregulated. Similarly, a large number of membrane proteins responsible for substance transport and biochemical reactions were downregulated. Furthermore, O-CSLn-Cu treatments increased plasma membrane permeability with significant leakage of intercellular electrolytes, soluble proteins and sugars, and lipid peroxidation with decreasing membrane fluidity. Finally, aquaporin 10 was proven to be a potential molecular target sensitive to antimicrobial agents according to composition analysis of membrane structure and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Ma
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kun Gao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Weixiang Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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21
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Guo R, Wang L, Zeng X, Liu M, Zhou P, Lu H, Lin H, Dong M. Aquaporin 7 involved in GINSENOSIDE-RB1-mediated anti-obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:69. [PMID: 32821266 PMCID: PMC7433204 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipocytes and their decreased excretion from adipocytes, is closely related to various health problems. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), the most active component of the traditional Chinese medicine ginseng, has been reported to have positive effects on lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of Rb1 on glycolipid metabolism under obesity conditions and its mechanisms and to reveal the signaling pathways involved. Methods In our study, male C57BL/6 mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and mature 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the role of Rb1 in lipid accumulation and explore its possible molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results Rb1 reduced the body weight, fat mass, adipocytes size and serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of obese mice. In differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, Rb1 reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and stimulated output of triglycerides. Additionally, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), phosphorylated PPARγ (Ser112) and aquaporin 7 (AQP7) was upregulated in adipocytes and adipose tissues upon Rb1 treatment. However, intervention of GW9662, PPARγ antagonist, attenuated Rb1-mediated effects on glycolipid metabolism and AQP7 levels. Conclusions These data indicated that Rb1 reduced body weight and improved glycolipid metabolism by upregulating PPARγ and AQP7 protein levels. Our study indicated a potential role for Rb1 in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Ji'an Municipal Center People's Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Xianqin Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, Ji'an Municipal Center People's Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi China
| | - Minghao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Huili Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012 China
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22
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Moss FJ, Mahinthichaichan P, Lodowski DT, Kowatz T, Tajkhorshid E, Engel A, Boron WF, Vahedi-Faridi A. Aquaporin-7: A Dynamic Aquaglyceroporin With Greater Water and Glycerol Permeability Than Its Bacterial Homolog GlpF. Front Physiol 2020; 11:728. [PMID: 32695023 PMCID: PMC7339978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenopus oocytes expressing human aquaporin-7 (AQP7) exhibit greater osmotic water permeability and 3H-glycerol uptake vs. those expressing the bacterial glycerol facilitator GlpF. AQP7-expressing oocytes exposed to increasing extracellular [glycerol] under isosmolal conditions exhibit increasing swelling rates, whereas GlpF-expressing oocytes do not swell at all. To provide a structural basis for these observed physiological differences, we performed X-ray crystallographic structure determination of AQP7 and molecular-dynamics simulations on AQP7 and GlpF. The structure reveals AQP7 tetramers containing two monomers with 3 glycerols, and two monomers with 2 glycerols in the pore. In contrast to GlpF, no glycerol is bound at the AQP7 selectivity filter (SF), comprising residues F74, G222, Y223, and R229. The AQP7 SF is resolved in its closed state because F74 blocks the passage of small solutes. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that F74 undergoes large and rapid conformational changes, allowing glycerol molecules to permeate without orientational restriction. The more rigid GlpF imposes orientational constraints on glycerol molecules passing through the SF. Moreover, GlpF-W48 (analogous to AQP7-F74) undergoes rare but long-lasting conformational changes that block the pore to H2O and glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J. Moss
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paween Mahinthichaichan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - David T. Lodowski
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas Kowatz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Andreas Engel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Walter F. Boron
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ardeschir Vahedi-Faridi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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D’Agostino C, Elkashty OA, Chivasso C, Perret J, Tran SD, Delporte C. Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061547. [PMID: 32630469 PMCID: PMC7349754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. The AQPs are transmembrane channel proteins permeable to water to allow water transport across cell membranes according to osmotic gradient. This review gives an insight into SG AQPs. Indeed, it gives a summary of the expression and localization of AQPs in adult human, rat and mouse SG, as well as of their physiological role in SG function. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive view of the involvement of AQPs in pathological conditions affecting SG, including Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, agedness, head and neck cancer radiotherapy and SG cancer. These conditions are characterized by salivary hypofunction resulting in xerostomia. A specific focus is given on current and future therapeutic strategies aiming at AQPs to treat xerostomia. A deeper understanding of the AQPs involvement in molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and diseases offered new avenues for therapeutic approaches, including drugs, gene therapy and tissue engineering. As such, AQP5 represents a potential therapeutic target in different strategies for the treatment of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Osama A. Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-5556210
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Luo H, Liu Y, Song Y, Hua Y, Zhu X. Aquaporin 1 affects pregnancy outcome and regulates aquaporin 8 and 9 expressions in the placenta. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:543-554. [PMID: 32542408 PMCID: PMC7431401 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effects of aquaporin (AQP) 1 on pregnancy outcome and the association between expression of AQP1 and other AQPs in the placenta and foetal membranes, the rate of copulatory plugs and pregnancy, amniotic fluid (AF) volume, osmolality and composition were determined in AQP1-knockout (AQP1−/−) mice at different gestational days (GD). The expression and location of AQP1 and other AQPs in the placenta and foetal membranes of AQP1−/− mice, AQP1-siRNA transfected WISH cells and oligohydramnios patients were also detected. Compared to control mice, AQP1−/− mice exhibited reduced copulation plug and successful pregnancy rates, but these effects were accompanied by a larger AF volume and lower AF osmolality at late gestation. AQP9 expression was significantly decreased in the placenta and foetal membranes of AQP1−/− mice, while AQP8 level was elevated in the foetal membranes of AQP1−/− mice. Moreover, AQP9 expression was suppressed in WISH cells after AQP1 downregulation. Furthermore, AQP9 expression was associated with AQP1 level in the placenta and foetal membranes in oligohydramnios. AQP1 may play a critical role in regulating pregnancy outcome and maternal-foetal fluid homeostasis. Changes in AQP1 expression may lead to compensatory alterations in AQP8 and AQP9 expression in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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25
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Abstract
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the diffusion of water and other small, uncharged solutes across the cellular membrane and are widely distributed in organisms from humans to bacteria. However, the characteristics of prokaryotic aquaporins remain largely unknown. We investigated the distribution and sequence characterization of aquaporins in prokaryotic organisms and summarized the transport characteristics, physiological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of prokaryotic aquaporins. Aquaporin homologues were identified in 3315 prokaryotic genomes retrieved from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, but the protein clustering pattern is not completely congruent with the phylogeny of the species that carry them. Moreover, prokaryotic aquaporins display diversified aromatic/arginine constriction region (ar/R) amino acid compositions, implying multiple functions. The typical water and glycerol transport characterization, physiological functions, and regulations have been extensively studied in Escherichia coli AqpZ and GlpF. A Streptococcus aquaporin has recently been verified to facilitate the efflux of endogenous H2O2, which not only contributes to detoxification but also to species competitiveness, improving our understanding of prokaryotic aquaporins. Furthermore, recent studies revealed novel regulatory mechanisms of prokaryotic aquaporins at post-translational level. Thus, we propose that intensive investigation on prokaryotic aquaporins would extend the functional categories and working mechanisms of these ubiquitous, intrinsic membrane proteins.
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26
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Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin. Vaping is now a multibillion dollar industry that appeals to current smokers, former smokers, and young people who have never smoked. E-cigarettes reached the market without either extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long term safety trials that would be required of conventional therapeutics or medical devices. Their effectiveness as a smoking cessation intervention, their impact at a population level, and whether they are less harmful than combustible tobacco products are highly controversial. Here, we review the evidence on the effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health. Studies show measurable adverse biologic effects on organ and cellular health in humans, in animals, and in vitro. The effects of e-cigarettes have similarities to and important differences from those of cigarettes. Decades of chronic smoking are needed for development of lung diseases such as lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so the population effects of e-cigarette use may not be apparent until the middle of this century. We conclude that current knowledge of these effects is insufficient to determine whether the respiratory health effects of e-cigarette are less than those of combustible tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Yale Center for the Study of Tobacco Products and Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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27
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Morató R, Prieto-Martínez N, Muiño R, Hidalgo CO, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Bonet S, Yeste M. Aquaporin 11 is related to cryotolerance and fertilising ability of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1099-1108. [PMID: 29365310 DOI: 10.1071/rd17340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins involved in the transport of water and solutes across biological membranes. In the present study we identified and localised aquaporin 11 (AQP11) in bull spermatozoa and investigated the relationship between the relative AQP11 content, sperm cryotolerance and the fertilising ability of frozen-thawed semen. Bull ejaculates were classified into two groups of good and poor freezability and assessed through immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses before and after cryopreservation. AQP11 was localised throughout the entire tail and along the sperm head. These findings were confirmed through immunoblotting, which showed a specific band of approximately 50 kDa corresponding to AQP11. The relative amount of AQP11 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in both fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa from bull ejaculates with good freezability compared with those with poorer freezability. In addition, in vitro oocyte penetration rates and non-return rates 56 days after AI were correlated with the relative AQP11 content in fresh spermatozoa. In conclusion, AQP11 is present in the head and tail of bull spermatozoa and its relative amount in fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa is related to the resilience of the spermatozoa to withstand cryopreservation and the fertilising ability of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Further research is needed to elucidate the actual role of sperm AQP11 in bovine fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Morató
- Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Noelia Prieto-Martínez
- Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muiño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15705 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos O Hidalgo
- Department of Animal Selection and Reproduction, The Regional Agri-Food Research and Development Service of Asturias (SERIDA), Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla, Deva, E-33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - Joan E Rodríguez-Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Building V, Campus Bellaterra s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
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28
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Liu X, Gong J, Wang L, Hou X, Gao H, Yan H, Zhao F, Zhang L, Wang L. Genome-Wide Profiling of the Microrna Transcriptome Regulatory Network to Identify Putative Candidate Genes Associated with Backfat Deposition in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060313. [PMID: 31159441 PMCID: PMC6617047 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Backfat thickness is an important characteristic in pig breeding. In this study, the key microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes associated with pig backfat deposition were detected and characterized using RNA sequencing between adipose tissues of high-backfat and low-backfat pigs. Strong candidate mRNA‒miRNA interaction pairs were identified to affect backfat deposition through the regulation of target genes by miRNAs. These results provide novel insights into the backfat deposition mechanism in pigs. Abstract Backfat deposition is strongly related to carcass traits, growth rate, feed conversion rate, and reproductive performance in pig production. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine backfat thickness phenotypes, transcriptome and miRNA profiling of backfat from high-backfat thickness and low-backfat thickness pigs were performed by RNA sequencing. Twenty genes encoding for miRNAs and 126 genes encoding for protein-coding genes were found to be differentially expressed between the two libraries. After integrative analysis of DEMs targets and DEGs, a total of 33 mRNA‒miRNA interaction pairs were identified, and the regulatory networks of these pairs were determined. Among these genes, five (AQP9, DKK3, GLYCTK, GLIPR1, and DUSP2) related to fat deposition were found to be strong candidate genes, and mir-31-5p/AQP9 and mir-31-5p/GLIPR1 may play important roles in fat deposition. Additionally, potential adipogenesis-related genes and miRNAs were identified. These findings improve the current understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs and provide a foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianfei Gong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinhua Hou
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Gotfryd K, Mósca AF, Missel JW, Truelsen SF, Wang K, Spulber M, Krabbe S, Hélix-Nielsen C, Laforenza U, Soveral G, Pedersen PA, Gourdon P. Human adipose glycerol flux is regulated by a pH gate in AQP10. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4749. [PMID: 30420639 PMCID: PMC6232157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major threat to global health and metabolically associated with glycerol homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that in human adipocytes, the decreased pH observed during lipolysis (fat burning) correlates with increased glycerol release and stimulation of aquaglyceroporin AQP10. The crystal structure of human AQP10 determined at 2.3 Å resolution unveils the molecular basis for pH modulation-an exceptionally wide selectivity (ar/R) filter and a unique cytoplasmic gate. Structural and functional (in vitro and in vivo) analyses disclose a glycerol-specific pH-dependence and pinpoint pore-lining His80 as the pH-sensor. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate how gate opening is achieved. These findings unravel a unique type of aquaporin regulation important for controlling body fat mass. Thus, targeting the cytoplasmic gate to induce constitutive glycerol secretion may offer an attractive option for treating obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Gotfryd
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andreia Filipa Mósca
- Universidade de Lisboa, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julie Winkel Missel
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sigurd Friis Truelsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kaituo Wang
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Krabbe
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.,Aquaporin A/S, Nymøllevej 78, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Umberto Laforenza
- University of Pavia, Department of Molecular Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, Via Forlanini 6, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Graça Soveral
- Universidade de Lisboa, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Per Amstrup Pedersen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Sölvegatan 19, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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30
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Molecular Basis of Aquaporin-7 Permeability Regulation by pH. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110207. [PMID: 30423801 PMCID: PMC6262577 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaglyceroporin AQP7, a family member of aquaporin membrane channels, facilitates the permeation of water and glycerol through cell membranes and is crucial for body lipid and energy homeostasis. Regulation of glycerol permeability via AQP7 is considered a promising therapeutic strategy towards fat-related metabolic complications. Here, we used a yeast aqy-null strain for heterologous expression and functional analysis of human AQP7 and investigated its regulation by pH. Using a combination of in vitro and in silico approaches, we found that AQP7 changes from fully permeable to virtually closed at acidic pH, and that Tyr135 and His165 facing the extracellular environment are crucial residues for channel permeability. Moreover, instead of reducing the pore size, the protonation of key residues changes AQP7’s protein surface electrostatic charges, which, in turn, may decrease glycerol’s binding affinity to the pore, resulting in decreased permeability. In addition, since some pH-sensitive residues are located at the monomer-monomer interface, decreased permeability may result from cooperativity between AQP7’s monomers. Considering the importance of glycerol permeation via AQP7 in multiple pathophysiological conditions, this mechanism of hAQP7 pH-regulation may help the design of selective modulators targeting aquaglyceroporin-related disorders.
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31
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Modulation of aquaporin gene expression by n-3 long-chain PUFA lipid structures in white and brown adipose tissue from hamsters. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1098-1106. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) fatty acids have weight-reducing properties with physiological activity depending on their molecular structure – that is, as TAG or ethyl esters (EE). Aquaporins (AQP) are membrane protein channels recognised as important players in fat metabolism, but their differential expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as their modulation by dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) such as EPA and DHA, has never been investigated. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of AQP3, AQP5, AQP7 and selected lipid markers of WAT (subcutaneous and visceral) and BAT (interscapular) from hamsters fed diets containing n-3 LCPUFA in different lipid structures such as fish oil (FO, rich in EPA and DHA in the TAG form) and FO-EE (rich in EPA and DHA in the EE form) were used and compared with linseed oil (LSO) as the reference group. A clear effect of fat depot was observed for AQP3 and leptin (LEP), with the lowest values of mRNA found in BAT relative to WAT. The opposite occurred for PPARα. AQP7 was affected by diet, with FO-fed hamsters having higher mRNA levels compared with LSO-fed hamsters. The relative gene expression of AQP5, adiponectin (ADIPO), GLUT4 and PPARγ was influenced by both fat tissue and diet. Taken together, our results revealed a differential expression profile of AQP and some markers of lipid metabolism in both WAT and BAT in response to feeding n-3 LCPUFA in two different structural formats: TAG v. EE.
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32
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Csányi A, Hajagos-Tóth J, Kothencz A, Gaspar R, Ducza E. Effects of different antibiotics on the uterine contraction and the expression of aquaporin 5 in term pregnant rat. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Estrogen Modulates Glycerol Permeability in Sertoli Cells through Downregulation of Aquaporin-9. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100153. [PMID: 30274223 PMCID: PMC6211071 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High 17β-Estradiol (E2) levels are known to cause alterations of spermatogenesis and environments throughout the male reproductive tract. Sertoli cells (SCs) ensure an adequate environment inside the seminiferous tubule. Glycerol stands as essential for the maintenance of blood⁻testis barrier created by SCs, however, the role of E2 in this process is not known. Herein, we hypothesized that the effect of E2 on glycerol permeability in mouse SCs (mSCs) could be mediated by aquaglyceroporins. The expression of aquaglyceroporins was assessed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Glycerol permeability was evaluated by stopped-flow light scattering. We were able to identify the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 in mSCs where AQP9 is more abundant than AQP3. Our results show that high E2 levels decrease AQP9 mRNA abundance with no influence on AQP3 in mSCs. Interestingly, high E2 levels decreased mSCs' permeability to glycerol, while downregulating AQP9 expression, thus suggesting a novel mechanism by which E2 modulates fluid secretion in the testis. In conclusion, E2 is an important regulator of mSCs physiology and secretion through changes in AQP9 expression and function. Thus, alterations in glycerol permeability induced by E2 may be the cause for male infertility in cases associated with the presence of high E2 levels.
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34
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Venglovecz V, Pallagi P, Kemény LV, Balázs A, Balla Z, Becskeházi E, Gál E, Tóth E, Zvara Á, Puskás LG, Borka K, Sendler M, Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Kühn JP, Rakonczay Z, Hegyi P. The Importance of Aquaporin 1 in Pancreatitis and Its Relation to the CFTR Cl - Channel. Front Physiol 2018; 9:854. [PMID: 30050452 PMCID: PMC6052342 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the transepithelial water flow involved in epithelial fluid secretion in numerous tissues; however, their function in the pancreas is less characterized. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious disorder in which specific treatment is still not possible. Accumulating evidence indicate that decreased pancreatic ductal fluid secretion plays an essential role in AP; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and pathophysiological role of AQPs in the pancreas. Expression and localization of AQPs were investigated by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, whereas osmotic transmembrane water permeability was estimated by the dye dilution technique, in Capan-1 cells. The presence of AQP1 and CFTR in the mice and human pancreas were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic ductal HCO3- and fluid secretion were studied on pancreatic ducts isolated from wild-type (WT) and AQP1 knock out (KO) mice using microfluorometry and videomicroscopy, respectively. In vivo pancreatic fluid secretion was estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and disease severity was assessed by measuring biochemical and histological parameters. In the mice, the presence of AQP1 was detected throughout the whole plasma membrane of the ductal cells and its expression highly depends on the presence of CFTR Cl- channel. In contrast, the expression of AQP1 is mainly localized to the apical membrane of ductal cells in the human pancreas. Bile acid treatment dose- and time-dependently decreased mRNA and protein expression of AQP1 and reduced expression of this channel was also demonstrated in patients suffering from acute and chronic pancreatitis. HCO3- and fluid secretion significantly decreased in AQP1 KO versus WT mice and the absence of AQP1 also worsened the severity of pancreatitis. Our results suggest that AQP1 plays an essential role in pancreatic ductal fluid and HCO3- secretion and decreased expression of the channel alters fluid secretion which probably contribute to increased susceptibility of the pancreas to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Balázs
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balla
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Becskeházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Gál
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Borka
- Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Universitätsklinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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35
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Calamita G, Perret J, Delporte C. Aquaglyceroporins: Drug Targets for Metabolic Diseases? Front Physiol 2018; 9:851. [PMID: 30042691 PMCID: PMC6048697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channel proteins facilitating the transport of water, small solutes, and gasses across biological membranes. AQPs are expressed in all tissues and ensure multiple roles under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Aquaglyceroporins are a subfamily of AQPs permeable to glycerol in addition to water and participate thereby to energy metabolism. This review focalizes on the present knowledge of the expression, regulation and physiological roles of AQPs in adipose tissue, liver and endocrine pancreas, that are involved in energy metabolism. In addition, the review aims at summarizing the involvement of AQPs in metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and liver diseases. Finally, challenges and recent advances related to pharmacological modulation of AQPs expression and function to control and treat metabolic diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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36
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Ghosh A, Coakley RC, Mascenik T, Rowell TR, Davis ES, Rogers K, Webster MJ, Dang H, Herring LE, Sassano MF, Livraghi-Butrico A, Van Buren SK, Graves LM, Herman MA, Randell SH, Alexis NE, Tarran R. Chronic E-Cigarette Exposure Alters the Human Bronchial Epithelial Proteome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:67-76. [PMID: 29481290 PMCID: PMC6034122 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201710-2033oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE E-cigarettes vaporize propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), nicotine, and flavorings. However, the long-term health effects of exposing lungs to vaped e-liquids are unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of chronic vaping on pulmonary epithelia. METHODS We performed research bronchoscopies on healthy nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and e-cigarette users (vapers) and obtained bronchial brush biopsies and lavage samples from these subjects for proteomic investigation. We further employed in vitro and murine exposure models to support our human findings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Visual inspection by bronchoscopy revealed that vaper airways appeared friable and erythematous. Epithelial cells from biopsy samples revealed approximately 300 proteins that were differentially expressed in smoker and vaper airways, with only 78 proteins being commonly altered in both groups and 113 uniquely altered in vapers. For example, CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1), MUC5AC (mucin 5 AC), and MUC4 levels were increased in vapers. Aerosolized PG/VG alone significantly increased MUC5AC protein in human airway epithelial cultures and in murine nasal epithelia in vivo. We also found that e-liquids rapidly entered cells and that PG/VG reduced membrane fluidity and impaired protein diffusion. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that chronic vaping exerts marked biological effects on the lung and that these effects may in part be mediated by the PG/VG base. These changes are likely not harmless and may have clinical implications for the development of chronic lung disease. Further studies will be required to determine the full extent of vaping on the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lee M. Graves
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
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37
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Aquaporin 1 gene deletion affects the amniotic fluid volume and composition as well as the expression of other aquaporin water channels in placenta and fetal membranes. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:161-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Haack F, Murani E, Wimmers K. Genetic architecture and regulatory impact on hepatic microRNA expression linked to immune and metabolic traits. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170101. [PMID: 29118269 PMCID: PMC5717336 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression contributes to a wide range of target gene expression and phenotypes. The miRNA expression in the liver, the central metabolic organ, was examined in 209 pigs, and integrated with haematological and clinical biomarkers of metabolic and overall health, mRNA-target expression levels and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. The expression levels of 426 miRNA species correlated with plasma haematological or biochemical traits (r² = |0.19–0.45|, false discovery rate < 5%). Pairs of these miRNAs and their predicted target mRNAs showing expressing levels associated with the identical traits were examined to understand how immune and metabolic traits are affected by miRNA-mediated regulatory networks derived by mapping miRNA abundance as an expression quantitative trait. In total, 221 miRNA-expression-QTL correspond to 164 SNPs and 108 miRNAs, including miR-34a, miR-30e, miR-148-3p, miR-204, miR-181-5p, miR-143-5p and let-7 g that also correlate with the biomarkers. Sixty-one SNPs were simultaneously associated with 29 miRNA and 41 mRNA species. The expression levels of 13 out of 29 miRNA were correlated with one of the biochemical or haematological traits. For example, the expression levels of miR-34a were correlated with serum phosphorus and cholesterin levels; miR-204, miR-15a and miR-16b were correlated with triglyceride. For haematological traits, the expression levels of miR-652 and miR-204 were correlated with the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and the expression of miR-143 was correlated with plateletcrit. Pleiotropic association analyses revealed genetic links between mRNA and miRNA on SSC6 for miR-34a, SSC9 for miR-708 and SSC14 for miR-652. Our analysis of miRNA and mRNA transcript profiles, their correlation with clinically important plasma parameters of hepatic functions as well as information on their genetic regulation provide novel regulatory networks and potential new biomarkers for immune and metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Unit 'Functional Genome Analysis', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Unit 'Genomics', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Research Unit 'Functional Genome Analysis', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fiete Haack
- Research Unit 'Functional Genome Analysis', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Unit 'Genomics', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Unit 'Genomics', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany .,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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39
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Gomes A, da Silva IV, Rodrigues CMP, Castro RE, Soveral G. The Emerging Role of microRNAs in Aquaporin Regulation. Front Chem 2018; 6:238. [PMID: 29977890 PMCID: PMC6021494 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels widely distributed in human tissues. AQPs are essential for water and energy homeostasis being involved in a broad range of pathophysiological processes such as edema, brain injury, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction, cancer, obesity and related metabolic complications. Compelling evidence indicates that AQPs are targets for therapeutic intervention with potential broad application. Nevertheless, efficient AQP modulators have been difficult to find due to either lack of selectivity and stability, or associated toxicity that hamper in vivo studies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in several diseases. Recent identification of miRNAs as endogenous modulators of AQP expression provides an alternative approach to target these proteins and opens new perspectives for therapeutic applications. This mini-review compiles the current knowledge of miRNA interaction with AQPs highlighting miRNA potential for regulation of AQP-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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40
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da Silva IV, Rodrigues JS, Rebelo I, Miranda JPG, Soveral G. Revisiting the metabolic syndrome: the emerging role of aquaglyceroporins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1973-1988. [PMID: 29464285 PMCID: PMC11105723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes a group of medical conditions such as insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia and hypertension, all associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Increased visceral and ectopic fat deposition are also key features in the development of IR and MetS, with pathophysiological sequels on adipose tissue, liver and muscle. The recent recognition of aquaporins (AQPs) involvement in adipose tissue homeostasis has opened new perspectives for research in this field. The members of the aquaglyceroporin subfamily are specific glycerol channels implicated in energy metabolism by facilitating glycerol outflow from adipose tissue and its systemic distribution and uptake by liver and muscle, unveiling these membrane channels as key players in lipid balance and energy homeostasis. Being involved in a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms including IR and obesity, AQPs are considered promising drug targets that may prompt novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders such as MetS. This review addresses the interplay between adipose tissue, liver and muscle, which is the basis of the metabolic syndrome, and highlights the involvement of aquaglyceroporins in obesity and related pathologies and how their regulation in different organs contributes to the features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vieira da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana P G Miranda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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41
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Stogsdill B, Frisbie J, Krane CM, Goldstein DL. Expression of the aquaglyceroporin HC-9 in a freeze-tolerant amphibian that accumulates glycerol seasonally. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/15/e13331. [PMID: 28784850 PMCID: PMC5555883 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As ambient temperatures fall in the autumn, freeze‐tolerant Cope's gray treefrogs, Dryophytes chrysoscelis (formerly Hyla chrysoscelis), accumulate glycerol as a cryoprotective agent. We hypothesized that these treefrogs express an ortholog of the mammalian aquaglyceroporin AQP9 and that AQP9 expression is upregulated in the cold to facilitate glycerol transport. We sequenced 1790 bp from cloned cDNA that codes for a 315 amino acid protein, HC‐9, containing the predicted six transmembrane spanning domains, two Asn‐Pro‐Ala (NPA) motifs, and five amino acid residues characteristic of aquaglyceroporins. Functional characterization after heterologous expression of HC‐9 cRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that HC‐9 facilitates glycerol and water permeability and is partially inhibited by 0.5 mmol/L phloretin or 0.3 mmol/L HgCl2. HC‐9 mRNA (qPCR) and protein (immunoblot) were expressed in most treefrog tissues analyzed (muscle, liver, bladder, stomach, kidney, dorsal skin, and ventral skin) except the protein fraction of red blood cells. Contrary to our prediction, both mRNA and protein expression were either unchanged or downregulated in most tissues in response to cold, freezing, and thawing. A notable exception to that pattern occurred in liver, where protein expression was significantly elevated in frozen (~4‐fold over warm) and thawed (~6‐fold over warm) conditions. Immunofluorescence labeling of HC‐9 protein revealed a signal that appeared to be localized to the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. Our results indicate that gray treefrogs express an AQP9‐like protein that facilitates glycerol permeability. Both the transcriptional and translational levels of HC‐9 change in response to thermal challenges, with a unique increase in liver during freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Stogsdill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - James Frisbie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | | | - David L Goldstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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42
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Kourghi M, De Ieso ML, Nourmohammadi S, Pei JV, Yool AJ. Identification of Loop D Domain Amino Acids in the Human Aquaporin-1 Channel Involved in Activation of the Ionic Conductance and Inhibition by AqB011. Front Chem 2018; 6:142. [PMID: 29755973 PMCID: PMC5934433 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are integral proteins that facilitate the transmembrane transport of water and small solutes. In addition to enabling water flux, mammalian Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels activated by cyclic GMP can carry non-selective monovalent cation currents, selectively blocked by arylsulfonamide compounds AqB007 (IC50 170 μM) and AqB011 (IC50 14 μM). In silico models suggested that ligand docking might involve the cytoplasmic loop D (between AQP1 transmembrane domains 4 and 5), but the predicted site of interaction remained to be tested. Work here shows that mutagenesis of two conserved arginine residues in loop D slowed the activation of the AQP1 ion conductance and impaired the sensitivity of the channel to block by AqB011. Substitution of residues in loop D with proline showed effects on ion conductance amplitude that varied with position, suggesting that the structural conformation of loop D is important for AQP1 channel gating. Human AQP1 wild type, AQP1 mutant channels with alanines substituted for two arginines (R159A+R160A), and mutants with proline substituted for single residues threonine (T157P), aspartate (D158P), arginine (R159P, R160P), or glycine (G165P) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Conductance responses were analyzed by two-electrode voltage clamp. Optical osmotic swelling assays and confocal microscopy were used to confirm mutant and wild type AQP1-expressing oocytes were expressed in the plasma membrane. After application of membrane-permeable cGMP, R159A+R160A channels had a significantly slower rate of activation as compared with wild type, consistent with impaired gating. AQP1 R159A+R160A channels showed no significant block by AqB011 at 50 μM, in contrast to the wild type channel which was blocked effectively. T157P, D158P, and R160P mutations had impaired activation compared to wild type; R159P showed no significant effect; and G165P appeared to augment the conductance amplitude. These findings provide evidence for the role of the loop D as a gating domain for AQP1 ion channels, and identify the likely site of interaction of AqB011 in the proximal loop D sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kourghi
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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MIP diversity from Trichoderma: Structural considerations and transcriptional modulation during mycoparasitic association with Fusarium solani olive trees. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193760. [PMID: 29543834 PMCID: PMC5854309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major intrinsic proteins (MIP) are characterized by a transmembrane pore-type architecture that facilitates transport across biomembranes of water and a variety of low molecular weight solutes. They are found in all parts of life, with remarkable protein diversity. Very little is known about MIP from fungi. And yet, it can legitimately be stated that MIP are pivotal molecular components in the privileged relationships fungi enjoy with plants or soil fauna in various environments. To date, MIP have never been studied in a mycoparasitism situation. In this study, the diversity, expression and functional prediction of MIP from the genus Trichoderma were investigated. Trichoderma spp. genomes have at least seven aquaporin genes. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the translated sequences, members were assigned to the AQP, AQGP and XIP subfamilies. In in vitro and in planta assays with T. harzianum strain Ths97, expression analyses showed that four genes were constitutively expressed. In a mycoparasitic context with Fusarium solani, the causative agent of fusarium dieback on olive tree roots, these genes were up-regulated. This response is of particular interest in analyzing the MIP promoter cis-regulatory motifs, most of which are involved in various carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Structural analyses provide new insights into the possible role of structural checkpoints by which these members transport water, H2O2, glycerol and, more generally, linear polyols across the membranes. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that MIP may play a key role in Trichoderma mycoparasitism lifestyle.
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Endothelial Aquaporins and Hypomethylation: Potential Implications for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010130. [PMID: 29301341 PMCID: PMC5796079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels that facilitate water and glycerol permeation through cell membranes. Recently, the water channel AQP1 was suggested to contribute to endothelial homeostasis and cardiovascular health. Less is known about endothelial aquaglyceroporins expression and its implication in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have previously used cultured human endothelial cells under a hypomethylating environment to study endothelial dysfunction and activation, a phenotype implicated in the establishment of atherosclerosis and CVD. Here, we used the same cell model to investigate aquaporin’s expression and function in healthy or pro-atherogenic phenotype. We first confirmed key features of endothelium dysfunction and activation in our cell model, including an augmented endothelial transmigration under hypomethylation. Subsequently, we found AQP1 and AQP3 to be the most predominant AQPs accounting for water and glycerol fluxes, respectively, in the healthy endothelium. Moreover, endothelial hypomethylation led to decreased levels of AQP1 and impaired water permeability without affecting AQP3 and glycerol permeability. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment-induced AQP1 downregulation suggesting that the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway mediates AQP1 transcriptional repression in a pro-atherogenic endothelium, a possibility that warrants further investigation. In conclusion, our results add further support to AQP1 as a candidate player in the setting of endothelial dysfunction and CVD.
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45
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Aquaporins during Pregnancy: Their Function and Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122593. [PMID: 29194396 PMCID: PMC5751196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is the major component of cells and tissues, and the movement of water across the cell membrane is a fundamental property of life. Until the discovery of the first water channel, aquaporin, it was long assumed that the transport of water was due to simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer membrane that encloses cells. Aquaporin (AQP) molecules were first discovered in the human uterus in 1994, and since then several studies have investigated these channels in the female reproductive system. The expressions of AQPs have been proven in the reproductive system. Their levels are altered during the implantation process, both in the uterus and the fetal cells, and participate in the control of the flow of amniotic fluid. They seem to be very important for the normal placental functions. AQPs are present during parturition, participating in the control of pregnant myometrial contractions and cervical ripening. However, most of the physiological and regulatory roles of AQPs are not clarified in the reproductive tract. Furthermore, no satisfactory knowledge is available about their sensitivities to different drugs. AQP-selective ligands may contribute to the development of new drug candidates and the therapy of several reproductive disorders.
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46
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Lipopolysaccharide Modifies Glycerol Permeability and Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122566. [PMID: 29186031 PMCID: PMC5751169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins-aquaporin membrane channels (AQP) that conduct glycerol and other small neutral solutes in addition to water-play major roles in obesity. In adipocytes, aquaglyceroporins mediate glycerol uptake and release across the plasma membrane, which are two key steps for triacylglycerols (TAGs) synthesis (lipogenesis) and hydrolysis (lipolysis). The aim of this study was to assess both glycerol permeability and metabolism in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells (UDCs) as well as in untreated (CTL-DCs) versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS-DCs)-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Glycerol release, TAGs content and whole membrane glycerol permeability were significantly increased in DCs as compared to UDCs. Moreover, in DCs, LPS treatment significantly increased TAGs content and decreased glycerol permeability. In addition, a significant reduction in whole membrane glycerol permeability was observed in LPS-DCs as compared to CTL-DCs. The relative contributions of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP9 (facilitated diffusion), as well as that of the phospholipid bilayer (simple diffusion), to the whole membrane glycerol permeability, were estimated biophysically in UDCs, CTL-DCs and LPS-DCs, using selective AQP inhibitors. Further studies will be required to determine if modifications in either subcellular localization and/or activity of aquaglyceroporins could account for the data herein. Nevertheless, our findings provide novel insights in understanding the LPS-induced adipocyte hypertrophy that accompanies obesity.
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47
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Wang W, Jiang W, Hou L, Duan H, Wu Y, Xu C, Tan Q, Li S, Zhang D. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of expression data of monozygotic twins identifies specific modules and hub genes related to BMI. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:872. [PMID: 29132311 PMCID: PMC5683603 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic management of obesity is challenging, hence further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of obesity development and identifying new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are urgent and necessary. Here, we performed differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify significant genes and specific modules related to BMI based on gene expression profile data of 7 discordant monozygotic twins. Results In the differential gene expression analysis, it appeared that 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were with a trend of up-regulation in twins with higher BMI when compared to their siblings. Categories of positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process, positive regulation of NF-kappa B import into nucleus, and peroxidase activity were significantly enriched within GO database and NF-kappa B signaling pathway within KEGG database. DEGs of NAMPT, TLR9, PTGS2, HBD, and PCSK1N might be associated with obesity. In the WGCNA, among the total 20 distinct co-expression modules identified, coral1 module (68 genes) had the strongest positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.56, P = 0.04) and disease status (r = 0.56, P = 0.04). Categories of positive regulation of phospholipase activity, high-density lipoprotein particle clearance, chylomicron remnant clearance, reverse cholesterol transport, intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, chylomicron, low-density lipoprotein particle, very-low-density lipoprotein particle, voltage-gated potassium channel complex, cholesterol transporter activity, and neuropeptide hormone activity were significantly enriched within GO database for this module. And alcoholism and cell adhesion molecules pathways were significantly enriched within KEGG database. Several hub genes, such as GAL, ASB9, NPPB, TBX2, IL17C, APOE, ABCG4, and APOC2 were also identified. The module eigengene of saddlebrown module (212 genes) was also significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.56, P = 0.04), and hub genes of KCNN1 and AQP10 were differentially expressed. Conclusion We identified significant genes and specific modules potentially related to BMI based on the gene expression profile data of monozygotic twins. The findings may help further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of obesity development and provide novel insights to research potential gene biomarkers and signaling pathways for obesity treatment. Further analysis and validation of the findings reported here are important and necessary when more sample size is acquired. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4257-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-demography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Shuxia Li
- Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Magvanjav O, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Chapman AB, Turner ST, Gums JG, Bailey KR, Boerwinkle E, Beitelshees AL, Tanaka T, Kubo M, Pepine CJ, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Johnson JA. Genetic Variants Associated With Uncontrolled Blood Pressure on Thiazide Diuretic/β-Blocker Combination Therapy in the PEAR (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses) and INVEST (International Verapamil-SR Trandolapril Study) Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006522. [PMID: 29097388 PMCID: PMC5721751 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of hypertensive individuals require combination antihypertensive therapy to achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with uncontrolled BP on combination therapy with a thiazide diuretic and a β-blocker. METHODS AND RESULTS A genome-wide association study of uncontrolled BP on combination therapy was conducted among 314 white participants of the PEAR (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses) trial. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Genetic variants meeting a suggestive level of significance (P<1.0E-05) were tested for replication in an external cohort, INVEST (International Verapamil-SR Trandolapril study). We also examined genome-wide variant associations with systolic and diastolic BP response on combination therapy and tested for replication. We discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism, the rs261316 major allele, at chromosome 15 in the gene ALDH1A2 associated with an increased odds of having uncontrolled BP on combination therapy (odds ratio: 2.56, 95% confidence interval, 1.69-3.88, P=8.64E-06). This single nucleotide polymorphism replicated (odds ratio: 1.86, 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.57, P=0.001) and approached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis between discovery and replication cohorts (odds ratio: 2.16, 95% confidence interval, 1.63-2.86, P=8.60E-08). Other genes in the region surrounding rs261316 (ALDH1A2) include AQP9 and LIPC. CONCLUSIONS A single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene ALDH1A2 may be associated with uncontrolled BP following treatment with a thiazide diuretic/β-blocker combination. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00246519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyunbileg Magvanjav
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John G Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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49
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Jin B, Chen X, Xing L, Xu W, Fu X, Zhu J, Mou X, Wang Z, Shu J. Tissue-specific effects of estrogen on glycerol channel aquaporin 7 expression in an ovariectomized mouse model of menopause. Climacteric 2017; 20:385-390. [PMID: 28489425 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1319920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated fat mass and redistribution of body fat are commonly observed in postmenopausal women. Aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a unique glycerol permeable integral membrane protein, has been associated with the onset of obesity. We hypothesized that estrogen supplementation could counteract this fat accumulation and redistribution through tissue-specific modulation of AQP7. METHODS We measured fat depot weight, adipocyte size, and the expression of AQP7 and glycerol kinase (GK) in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues of ovariectomized mice supplemented with or without 17β-estradiol. RESULTS Removal of the ovaries resulted in a significant decrease in AQP7 expression and an increase in GK expression in visceral adipocyte tissue; expression of AQP7 and GK in subcutaneous adipose tissue remained unaltered. Supplementation with estrogen significantly restored the visceral, but not subcutaneous, fat depot mass and adipocyte size to those of sham-operated mice. A marked increase in the expression of AQP7 and a reduction of GK were observed selectively in the visceral fat depots in estrogen-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that estrogen has tissue-specific effects on AQP7 expression, and modulation of AQP7 by estrogen alters the balance of adipocyte metabolism between adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jin
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - X Chen
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - L Xing
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - W Xu
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - X Fu
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - J Zhu
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - X Mou
- b Clinical Research Institute , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Z Wang
- b Clinical Research Institute , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - J Shu
- a Department of Reproductive Endocrinology , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
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50
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Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Kowalczyk K, Pluta D, Blukacz Ł, Madej P. The role of aquaporins in polycystic ovary syndrome - A way towards a novel drug target in PCOS. Med Hypotheses 2017; 102:23-27. [PMID: 28478824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins, able to transport water (and in some cases also small solutes, e. g. glycerol) through the cell membrane. There are twelve types of aquaporins (AQP1-AQP12) expressed in mammalian reproductive systems. According to literature, many diseases of the reproductive organs are correlated with changes of AQPs expression and their malfunction. That is the case in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where dysfunctions of AQPs 7-9 and alterations in its levels occur. In this work, we postulate how AQPs are involved in PCOS-related disorders, in order to emphasize their potential therapeutic meaning as a drug target. Our research allows for a surprising inference, that genetic mutation causing malfunction and/or decreased expression of aquaporins, may be incorporated in the popular insulin-dependent hypothesis of PCOS pathogenesis. What is more, changes in AQP's expression may affect the folliculogenesis and follicular atresia in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Ks. M. Strzody 9, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dagmara Pluta
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Blukacz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Madej
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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