1
|
Sun L, Jiao A, Liu H, Ding R, Yuan N, Yang B, Zhang C, Jia X, Wang G, Su Y, Zhang D, Shi L, Sun C, Zhang A, Zhang L, Zhang B. Targeting a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17-CD122 axis enhances CD8 + T cell effector differentiation and anti-tumor immunity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:152. [PMID: 38918390 PMCID: PMC11199508 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell immune responses are regulated by multi-layer networks, while the post-translational regulation remains largely unknown. Transmembrane ectodomain shedding is an important post-translational process orchestrating receptor expression and signal transduction through proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins. Here, by targeting the sheddase A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease (ADAM)17, we defined a post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by the ectodomain shedding in CD8+ T cells. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed the involvement of post-translational regulation in CD8+ T cells. T cell-specific deletion of ADAM17 led to a dramatic increase in effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and enhanced cytolytic effects to eliminate pathogens and tumors. Mechanistically, ADAM17 regulated CD8+ T cells through cleavage of membrane CD122. ADAM17 inhibition led to elevated CD122 expression and enhanced response to IL-2 and IL-15 stimulation in both mouse and human CD8+ T cells. Intriguingly, inhibition of ADAM17 in CD8+ T cells improved the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. Our findings reveal a critical post-translational regulation in CD8+ T cells, providing a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting ADAM17 for effective anti-tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JY, Mayatepek E, Seyfarth J, Jacobsen M. High common-γ cytokine receptor levels promote expression of Interleukin-2/Interleukin-7 receptor α-chains with implications on T-cell differentiation and function. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38778445 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the common-γ receptor chain (γc) family are crucial for T-cell differentiation and dysregulation of γc cytokine pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. There is increasing evidence that the availability of the γc receptor (CD132) for the associated receptor chains has implications for T-cell functions. Here we studied the influence of differential γc expression on the expression of the IL-2Rα (CD25), the IL-7Rα (CD127) and the differentiation of activated naïve T cells. We fine-tuned the regulation of γc expression in human primary naïve T cells by lentiviral transduction using small hairpin (sh)RNAs and γc cDNA. Differential γc levels were then analysed for effects on T-cell phenotype and function after activation. Differential γc expression markedly affected IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα expression on activated naïve T cells. High γc expression (γc-high) induced significantly higher expression of IL-2Rα and re-expression of IL-7Rα after activation. Inhibition of γc caused lower IL-2Rα/IL-7Rα expression and impaired proliferation of activated naïve T cells. In contrast, γc-high T cells secreted significantly higher concentrations of effector cytokines (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-6) and showed higher cytokine-receptor induced STAT5 phosphorylation during initial stages as well as persistently higher pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 levels after activation. Finally, accelerated transition towards a CD45RO expressing effector/memory phenotype was seen especially for CD4+ γc-high naïve T cells. These results suggested that high expression of γc promotes expression of IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα on activated naïve T cells with significant effects on differentiation and effector cytokine expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Lanasa D, Park JH. Pathways and mechanisms of CD4 +CD8αα + intraepithelial T cell development. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:288-302. [PMID: 38514370 PMCID: PMC11015970 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian small intestine epithelium harbors a peculiar population of CD4+CD8αα+ T cells that are derived from mature CD4+ T cells through reprogramming of lineage-specific transcription factors. CD4+CD8αα+ T cells occupy a unique niche in T cell biology because they exhibit mixed phenotypes and functional characteristics of both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. The molecular pathways driving their generation are not fully mapped. However, recent studies demonstrate the unique role of the commensal gut microbiota as well as distinct cytokine and chemokine requirements in the differentiation and survival of these cells. We review the established and newly identified factors involved in the generation of CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and place them in the context of the molecular machinery that drives their phenotypic and functional differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Lanasa
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park JH, Lee SW, Choi D, Lee C, Sung YC. Harnessing the Power of IL-7 to Boost T Cell Immunity in Experimental and Clinical Immunotherapies. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e9. [PMID: 38455462 PMCID: PMC10917577 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytokine IL-7 plays critical and nonredundant roles in T cell immunity so that the abundance and availability of IL-7 act as key regulatory mechanisms in T cell immunity. Importantly, IL-7 is not produced by T cells themselves but primarily by non-lymphoid lineage stromal cells and epithelial cells that are limited in their numbers. Thus, T cells depend on cell extrinsic IL-7, and the amount of in vivo IL-7 is considered a major factor in maximizing and maintaining the number of T cells in peripheral tissues. Moreover, IL-7 provides metabolic cues and promotes the survival of both naïve and memory T cells. Thus, IL-7 is also essential for the functional fitness of T cells. In this regard, there has been an extensive effort trying to increase the protein abundance of IL-7 in vivo, with the aim to augment T cell immunity and harness T cell functions in anti-tumor responses. Such approaches started under experimental animal models, but they recently culminated into clinical studies, with striking effects in re-establishing T cell immunity in immunocompromised patients, as well as boosting anti-tumor effects. Depending on the design, glycosylation, and the structure of recombinantly engineered IL-7 proteins and their mimetics, recombinant IL-7 molecules have shown dramatic differences in their stability, efficacy, cellular effects, and overall immune functions. The current review is aimed to summarize the past and present efforts in the field that led to clinical trials, and to highlight the therapeutical significance of IL-7 biology as a master regulator of T cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Research Institute of NeoImmune Tech., Co, Ltd., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang 37666, Korea
| | - Changhyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sarapultsev A, Gusev E, Komelkova M, Utepova I, Luo S, Hu D. JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:40. [PMID: 37938494 PMCID: PMC10632324 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological and inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited to diseases with similar pathogenic features. Despite the modest expression of JAK-STAT in the CNS, it is crucial for functions in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, making it relevant in conditions like Parkinson's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the influence of the pathway on serotonin receptors and phospholipase C has implications for stress and mood disorders. This review expands the understanding of JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional immunological contexts to explore its role in stress-related disorders and CNS function. Recent findings, such as the effectiveness of Jakinibs in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, expand their therapeutic applicability. Advances in isoform-specific inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, promise greater specificity with fewer off-target effects. Combination therapies, involving Jakinibs and monoclonal antibodies, aiming to enhance therapeutic specificity and efficacy also give great hope. Overall, this review bridges the gap between basic science and clinical application, elucidating the complex influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on human health and guiding future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Gusev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina Utepova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Hubei Wuhan, 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Passeron T, King B, Seneschal J, Steinhoff M, Jabbari A, Ohyama M, Tobin DJ, Randhawa S, Winkler A, Telliez JB, Martin D, Lejeune A. Inhibition of T-cell activity in alopecia areata: recent developments and new directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243556. [PMID: 38022501 PMCID: PMC10657858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that has a complex underlying immunopathogenesis characterized by nonscarring hair loss ranging from small bald patches to complete loss of scalp, face, and/or body hair. Although the etiopathogenesis of AA has not yet been fully characterized, immune privilege collapse at the hair follicle (HF) followed by T-cell receptor recognition of exposed HF autoantigens by autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is now understood to play a central role. Few treatment options are available, with the Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (2022) and the selective JAK3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) inhibitor ritlecitinib (2023) being the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved systemic medications thus far for severe AA. Several other treatments are used off-label with limited efficacy and/or suboptimal safety and tolerability. With an increased understanding of the T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of AA, additional therapeutic pathways beyond JAK inhibition are currently under investigation for the development of AA therapies. This narrative review presents a detailed overview about the role of T cells and T-cell-signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of AA, with a focus on those pathways targeted by drugs in clinical development for the treatment of AA. A detailed summary of new drugs targeting these pathways with expert commentary on future directions for AA drug development and the importance of targeting multiple T-cell-signaling pathways is also provided in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Passeron
- University Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Department of Dermatology, Nice, France
- University Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Paediatric Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Saint-André Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Desmond J. Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Won HY, Liman N, Li C, Park JH. Proinflammatory IFNγ Is Produced by but Not Required for the Generation of Eomes + Thymic Innate CD8 T Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2433. [PMID: 37887277 PMCID: PMC10605631 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate CD8 T cells are proinflammatory effector T cells that achieve functional maturation in the thymus prior to their export into and maturation in peripheral tissues. Innate CD8 T cells produce the Th1 cytokine IFNγ but depend on the Th2 cytokine IL-4 for their generation. Thus, innate CD8 T cells can permute the intrathymic cytokine milieu by consuming a Th2 cytokine but driving a Th1 cytokine response. The cellular source of IL-4 is the NKT2 subset of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Consequently, NKT2 deficiency results in the lack of innate CD8 T cells. Whether NKT2 is the only iNKT subset and whether IL-4 is the only cytokine required for innate CD8 T cell generation, however, remains unclear. Here, we employed a mouse model of NKT1 deficiency, which is achieved by overexpression of the cytokine receptor IL-2Rβ, and assessed the role of other iNKT subsets and cytokines in innate CD8 T cell differentiation. Because IL-2Rβ-transgenic mice failed to generate both NKT1 and innate CD8 T cells, we postulated an in vivo requirement for IFNγ-producing NKT1 cells for innate CD8 T cell development. In-depth analyses of IL-2Rβ-transgenic mice and IFNγ-deficient mice, however, demonstrated that neither NKT1 nor IFNγ was required to induce Eomes or to drive innate CD8 T cell generation. Instead, in vivo administration of recombinant IL-4 sufficed to restore the development of innate CD8 T cells in NKT1-deficient mice, affirming that intrathymic IL-4, and not IFNγ, is the limiting factor and key regulator of innate CD8 T cell generation in the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Y.W.); (N.L.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gumkowska-Sroka O, Kotyla K, Mojs E, Palka K, Kotyla P. Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1066. [PMID: 37630981 PMCID: PMC10458905 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown origin and with an unpredictable course, with both cutaneous and internal organ manifestations. Despite the enormous progress in rheumatology and clinical immunology, the background of this disease is largely unknown, and no specific therapy exists. The therapeutic approach aims to treat and preserve the function of internal organs, and this approach is commonly referred to as organ-based treatment. However, in modern times, data from other branches of medicine may offer insight into how to treat disease-related complications, making it possible to find new drugs to treat this disease. In this review, we present therapeutic options aiming to stop the progression of fibrotic processes, restore the aberrant immune response, stop improper signalling from proinflammatory cytokines, and halt the production of disease-related autoantibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gumkowska-Sroka
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Kacper Kotyla
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Palka
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Przemysław Kotyla
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Progneaux A, Evrard C, De Glas V, Fontaine A, Dotreppe C, De Vuyst E, Nikkels AF, García-González V, Dumoutier L, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Keratinocytes activated by IL-4/IL-13 express IL-2Rγ with consequences on epidermal barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:660-670. [PMID: 36645024 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a Th2-type inflammatory disease characterized by an alteration of epidermal barrier following the release of IL-4 and IL-13. These cytokines activate type II IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 receptors in the keratinocyte. Whilst IL-2Rγ, that forms type I receptor for IL-4, is only expressed in haematopoietic cells, recent studies suggest its induction in keratinocytes, which questions about its role. We studied expression of IL-2Rγ in keratinocytes and its role in alteration of keratinocyte function and epidermal barrier. IL-2Rγ expression in keratinocytes was studied using both reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) exposed to IL-4/IL-13 and AD skin. IL-2Rγ induction by type II receptor has been analyzed using JAK inhibitors and RHE knockout (KO) for IL13RA1. IL-2Rγ function was investigated in RHE KO for IL2RG. In RHE, IL-4/IL-13 induce expression of IL-2Rγ at the mRNA and protein levels. Its mRNA expression is also visualized in keratinocytes of lesional AD skin. IL-2Rγ expression is low in RHE treated with JAK inhibitors and absent in RHE KO for IL13RA1. Exposure to IL-4/IL-13 alters epidermal barrier, but this alteration is absent in RHE KO for IL2RG. A more important induction of IL-13Rα2 is reported in RHE KO for IL2RG than in not edited RHE. These results demonstrate IL-2Rγ induction in keratinocytes through activation of type II receptor. IL-2Rγ is involved in the alteration of the epidermal barrier and in the regulation of IL-13Rα2 expression. Observation of IL-2Rγ expression by keratinocytes inside AD lesional skin suggests a role for this receptor subunit in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Progneaux
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Evrard
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Alix Fontaine
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Dotreppe
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelyne De Vuyst
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arjen F Nikkels
- Department of Dermatology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Laure Dumoutier
- Experimental Medicine Unit, De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huo R, Huang X, Yang Y, Lin J. Potential Use of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1471-1478. [PMID: 37051062 PMCID: PMC10084827 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s397639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis. One characteristic of SLE is pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine imbalance. Janus kinase (JAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase essential for many cytokine signaling pathways. Dysregulation of the JAK/signal transduction and transcriptional activator (STAT) pathway is an important process in SLE pathogenesis. Targeting JAK/STAT proteins can simultaneously block the functions of multiple cytokines. Current SLE treatment with non-specific corticosteroids and immunosuppressants can cause many adverse reactions. Therefore, treatments designed to control specific molecular targets for SLE are desirable. JAK inhibitors (JAKis) are a potential treatment for rheumatic diseases; however, the use of targeted signaling pathways to treat SLE remains a challenge, and its efficacy has not been determined. JAKis have shown positive results in reducing the use of glucocorticoids and/or non-specific immunosuppressants for SLE. JAKis are currently undergoing several clinical trials and expected to be the next stage in the treatment of SLE. Therefore, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway through JAKis may improve traditional treatment strategies for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiu Huo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinying Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jinying Lin, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530016, People’s Republic of China, Email
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mortier E, Maillasson M, Quéméner A. Counteracting Interleukin-15 to Elucidate Its Modes of Action in Physiology and Pathology. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:2-22. [PMID: 36651845 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 belongs to the common gamma-dependent cytokine family, along with IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21. IL-15 is crucial for the homeostasis of Natural Killer (NK) and memory CD8 T cells, and to fight against cancer progression. However, dysregulations of IL-15 expression could occur and participate in the emergence of autoimmune inflammatory diseases as well as hematological malignancies. It is therefore important to understand the different modes of action of IL-15 to decrease its harmful action in pathology without affecting its beneficial effects in the immune system. In this review, we present the different approaches used by researchers to inhibit the action of IL-15, from most broad to the most selective. Indeed, it appears that it is important to selectively target the mode of action of the cytokine rather than the cytokine itself as they are involved in numerous biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Mortier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Mike Maillasson
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France.,LabEX IGO, Immuno-Onco-Greffe, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antczak M, Cañete PF, Chen Z, Belle C, Yu D. Evolution of γ chain cytokines: mechanisms, methods and applications. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4746-4755. [PMID: 36147674 PMCID: PMC9465101 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common γ chain family of cytokines and their receptors play fundamental roles in the immune system. Evolutionary studies of γ chain cytokines have elegantly illustrated how the immune system adapts to ever-changing environmental conditions. Indeed, these studies have revealed the uniqueness of cytokine evolution, which exhibits strong positive selection pressure needed to adapt to rapidly evolving threats whilst still conserving their receptor binding capabilities. In this review, we summarise the evolutionary mechanisms that gave rise to the characteristically diverse family of γ chain cytokines. We also speculate on the benefits of studying cytokine evolution, which may provide alternative ways to design novel cytokine therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we discuss current evolutionary models that elucidate the emergence of distinct cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and cytokine receptors (IL-2Rα and IL-15Rα). Finally, we address and reflect on the difficulties associated with evolutionary studies of rapidly evolving genes and describe a variety of computational methods that have revealed numerous aspects of cytokine evolution.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jak Inhibitors for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080936. [PMID: 36015084 PMCID: PMC9413112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus represent two distinct autoimmune diseases belonging to the group of connective tissue disorders. Despite the great progress in the basic science, this progress has not been translated to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can radically change the face of these diseases. The discovery of JAK kinases, which are tyrosine kinases coupled with cytokine receptors, may open a new chapter in the treatment of so far untreatable diseases. Small synthetic compounds that can block Janus kinases and interact directly with cytokine signalling may provide therapeutic potential in these diseases. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Jak kinases in light of the cytokine network that JAK kinases are able to interact with. We also provide the theoretical background for the rationale of blocking cytokines with specific JAK inhibitors.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sheikh SY, Hassan F, Khan MF, Ahamad T, Ansari WA, Akhter Y, Khafagy ES, Khan AR, Nasibullah M. Drug Repurposing to Discover Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agents Inhibiting JAK3/STAT Signaling. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202205020x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
15
|
Calabrese L, Chiricozzi A, De Simone C, Fossati B, D'Amore A, Peris K. Pharmacodynamics of Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:347-355. [PMID: 35796377 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2099835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disorder. Despite the high disease burden, the therapeutic options are limited and their efficacy in controlling AD might be partially satisfactory. AREAS COVERED Most of the key mediators in AD pathogenesis act through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which represents a valid therapeutic target. The first generation of JAK inhibitors, namely tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, inhibit multiple JAKs, whereas newer JAK inhibitors show more selective inhibitory effects for specific JAKs. The aim of this review was to discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in AD and its inhibition, with a special focus on pharmacodynamic properties. We checked the English-language literature, published in the last 15 years using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. EXPERT OPINION JAK inhibitors have different selectivity for various JAK molecules, which influences their pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety profile. Since many key cytokines in AD signal through JAK1, and as the selective JAK1 inhibition may be effective, avoiding the concomitant inhibition of JAK2- and JAK3-dependent pathways could be associated with additional safety issues. Therefore, selective JAK1 inhibitors may represent promising therapeutic agents for AD, as they might prevent off-target effects of JAK inhibitors, especially related to the hematologic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calabrese
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amore
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The homeostatic γc cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 suppress the induction of CD4+CD8αα+ intraepithelial T cells in the gut. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:751-753. [DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
17
|
Nishal S, Jhawat V, Phaugat P, Dutt R. Rheumatoid Arthritis and JAK-STAT Inhibitors: Prospects of Topical Delivery. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220329185842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the world. The clinical prospects have increased tremendously since the advent of biological agents as therapy options. NSAIDs such as indomethacin, celecoxib, and etoricoxib are used often in the treatment of RA but off-target effects decreased their use. DMARDs such as methotrexate and etanercept were also effective in the treatment of RA, but tolerance to methotrexate developed in many cases. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have also gained popularity as a treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis. Tofacitinib is the foremost JAK inhibitor that is used to treat RA as an individual agent or in combination with other DMARDs. The most frequently used route of administration for JAKi is oral. Since oral formulations of JAK inhibitors have a number of health hazards, such as systemic toxicity and patient noncompliance, topical formulations of JAK inhibitors have emerged as a preferable alternative for administering JAK inhibitors. Tofacitinib delivered topically, seems to have the potential to eliminate or reduce the occurrences of negative effects when compared to tofacitinib taken orally. Given the scarcity of knowledge on the techniques for topical distribution of JAKi, more effort will be required to develop a stable topical formulation of JAKi to address the limitations of oral route. The current review looks at JAK inhibitors and the ways that have been used to generate topical formulations of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Nishal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Parmita Phaugat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun P, Su J, Wang X, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Gu H. Nucleic Acids for Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1990-2008. [PMID: 35118863 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that severely affects the life quality of patients. Current therapeutics in clinic mainly focus on alleviating the development of RA or relieving the pain of patients. The emerging biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) require long-term treatment to achieve the expected efficacy. With the development of bionanotechnology, nucleic acids fulfill characters as therapeutics or nanocarriers and can therefore be alternatives to combat RA. This review summarizes the therapeutic RNAs developed through RNA interference (RNAi), nucleic acid aptamers, DNA nanostructures-based drug delivery systems, and nucleic acid vaccines for the applications in RA therapy and diagnosis. Furthermore, prospects of nucleic acids for RA therapy are intensively discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Hongzhou Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park JY, Won HY, DiPalma DT, Hong C, Park JH. Protein abundance of the cytokine receptor γc controls the thymic generation of innate-like T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:17. [PMID: 34971407 PMCID: PMC8754256 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate-like T (iT) cells comprise a population of immunoregulatory T cells whose effector function is imposed during their development in the thymus to provide protective immunity prior to antigen encounter. The molecular mechanism that drives the generation of iT cells remains unclear. Here, we report that the cytokine receptor γc plays a previously unappreciated role for thymic iT cells by controlling their cellular abundance, lineage commitment, and subset differentiation. As such, γc overexpression on thymocytes dramatically altered iT cell generation in the thymus, as it skewed the subset composition of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and promoted the generation of IFNγ-producing innate CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, we found that the γc-STAT6 axis drives the differentiation of IL-4-producing iNKT cells, which in turn induced the generation of innate CD8 T cells. Collectively, these results reveal a cytokine-driven circuity of thymic iT cell differentiation that is controlled by the abundance of γc proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Daehakno 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hee Yeun Won
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Devon T DiPalma
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar A, Lee SJ, Liu Q, Chan AK, Pokharel SP, Yu J, Chen CW, Swaminathan S. Generation and validation of CRISPR-engineered human natural killer cell lines for research and therapeutic applications. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100874. [PMID: 34746857 PMCID: PMC8551845 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic natural killer cells kill tumors and infected cells. We carried out CRISPR-based gene editing and transcriptional regulation in hard-to-manipulate NK-92 cells. NK-92-based therapies were found to be safe and efficacious in preclinical studies of cancers. Here, we have pioneered the generation and validation of NK-92 cells constitutively expressing Cas9 or dCas9 for knockout (CRISPRko), transcriptional activation (CRISPRa), or transcriptional repression (CRISPRi) of genes. Our CRISPR-engineered NK-92 cell platforms can be modified for research and off-the-shelf therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Sung June Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Anthony K.N. Chan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Sheela Pangeni Pokharel
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar NP, Padmapriyadarsini C, Rajamanickam A, Bhavani PK, Nancy A, Jayadeepa B, Selvaraj N, Asokan D, Renji RM, Venkataramani V, Tripathy S, Babu S. BCG vaccination induces enhanced frequencies of memory T cells and altered plasma levels of common γc cytokines in elderly individuals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258743. [PMID: 34758029 PMCID: PMC8580239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BCG vaccination is known to induce innate immune memory, which confers protection against heterologous infections. However, the effect of BCG vaccination on the conventional adaptive immune cells subsets is not well characterized. We investigated the impact of BCG vaccination on the frequencies of T cell subsets and common gamma c (γc) cytokines in a group of healthy elderly individuals (age 60–80 years) at one month post vaccination as part of our clinical study to examine the effect of BCG on COVID-19. Our results demonstrate that BCG vaccination induced enhanced frequencies of central (p<0.0001) and effector memory (p<0.0001) CD4+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naïve (p<0.0001), transitional memory (p<0.0001), stem cell memory (p = 0.0001) CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells. In addition, BCG vaccination induced enhanced frequencies of central (p = 0.0008), effector (p<0.0001) and terminal effector memory (p<0.0001) CD8+ T cells and diminished frequencies of naïve (p<0.0001), transitional memory (p<0.0001) and stem cell memory (p = 0.0034) CD8+T cells. BCG vaccination also induced enhanced plasma levels of IL-7 (p<0.0001) and IL-15 (p = 0.0020) but diminished levels of IL-2 (p = 0.0033) and IL-21 (p = 0.0020). Thus, BCG vaccination was associated with enhanced memory T cell subsets as well as memory enhancing γc cytokines in elderly individuals, suggesting its ability to induce non-specific adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathella Pavan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (NPK); (SB)
| | | | | | - Perumal Kannabiran Bhavani
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Arul Nancy
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Bharathi Jayadeepa
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Dinesh Asokan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Srikanth Tripathy
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Subash Babu
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (NPK); (SB)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bekele Y, Sui Y, Berzofsky JA. IL-7 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and as a Potential Vaccine Adjuvant. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737406. [PMID: 34603318 PMCID: PMC8484798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-7/IL-7R signaling is critical for development, maturation, maintenance and survival of many lymphocytes in the thymus and periphery. IL-7 has been used as immunotherapy in pre-clinical and clinical studies to treat cancer, HIV infection and sepsis. Here, we discuss the critical function of IL-7 in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. We also summarize a promising role of IL-7 as a vaccine adjuvant. It could potentially enhance the immune responses to vaccines especially against SARS-CoV-2 or other new vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Bekele
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, Nosbaum A, Winthrop KL, Guttman-Yassky E, Hoffmeister KM, Egeberg A, Valdez H, Zhang M, Farooqui SA, Romero W, Thorpe AJ, Rojo R, Johnson S. Integrated Safety Analysis of Abrocitinib for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis From the Phase II and Phase III Clinical Trial Program. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:693-707. [PMID: 34406619 PMCID: PMC8370859 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Pivotal phase III studies demonstrated that abrocitinib, an oral, once-daily, JAK1-selective inhibitor, is effective treatment for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) as monotherapy and in combination with topical therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety of abrocitinib 200 mg and 100 mg in an integrated analysis of a phase IIb study, four phase III studies, and one long-term extension study. Methods Two cohorts were analyzed: a placebo-controlled cohort from 12- to 16-week studies and an all-abrocitinib cohort including patients who received one or more abrocitinib doses. Adverse events (AEs) of interest and laboratory data are reported. Results Total exposure in the all-abrocitinib cohort (n = 2856) was 1614 patient-years (PY); exposure was ≥ 24 weeks in 1248 patients and ≥ 48 weeks in 606 (maximum 108 weeks). In the placebo-controlled cohort (n = 1540), dose-related AEs (200 mg, 100 mg, placebo) were nausea (14.6%, 6.1%, 2.0%), headache (7.8%, 5.9%, 3.5%), and acne (4.7%, 1.6%, 0%). Platelet count was reduced transiently in a dose-dependent manner; 2/2718 patients (200-mg group) had confirmed platelet counts of < 50 × 103/mm3 at week 4. Incidence rates (IRs) were 2.33/100PY and 2.65/100 PY for serious infection, 4.34/100PY and 2.04/100PY for herpes zoster, and 11.83/100PY and 8.73/100PY for herpes simplex in the 200-mg and 100-mg groups, respectively. IRs for nonmelanoma skin cancer, other malignancies, and major adverse cardiovascular events were < 0.5/100PY for both doses. Five venous thromboembolism events occurred (IR 0.30/100PY), all in the 200-mg group. There were three deaths due to gastric carcinoma (diagnosed at day 43), sudden death, and COVID-19. Conclusion Abrocitinib, with proper patient and dose selection, has a manageable tolerability and longer-term safety profile appropriate for long-term use in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Trial Registries ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02780167, NCT03349060, NCT03575871, NCT03720470, NCT03627767, NCT03422822. Video abstract Integrated safety analysis of abrocitinib for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis from the Phase II and III clinical trial program (MP4 1,02,272 kb)
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40257-021-00618-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin M Hoffmeister
- Versiti, Translational Glycomics Center, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexander Egeberg
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Belaid B, Lamara Mahammed L, Mohand Oussaid A, Migaud M, Khadri Y, Casanova JL, Puel A, Ben Halla N, Djidjik R. Case Report: Interleukin-2 Receptor Common Gamma Chain Defect Presented as a Hyper-IgE Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696350. [PMID: 34248995 PMCID: PMC8264782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is caused by mutations of IL2RG, the gene encoding the interleukin common gamma chain (IL-2Rγ or γc) of cytokine receptors for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. Hypomorphic mutations of IL2RG may cause combined immunodeficiencies with atypical clinical and immunological presentations. Here, we report a clinical, immunological, and functional characterization of a missense mutation in exon 1 (c.115G>A; p. Asp39Asn) of IL2RG in a 7-year-old boy. The patient suffered from recurrent sinopulmonary infections and refractory eczema. His total lymphocyte counts have remained normal despite skewed T cell subsets, with a pronounced serum IgE elevation. Surface expression of IL-2Rγ was reduced on his lymphocytes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation in response to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7 showed a partially preserved receptor function. T-cell proliferation in response to mitogens and anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies was significantly reduced. Further analysis revealed a decreased percentage of CD4+ T cells capable of secreting IFN-γ, but not IL-4 or IL-17. Studies on the functional consequences of IL-2Rγ variants are important to get more insight into the pathogenesis of atypical phenotypes which may lay the ground for novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Belaid
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni-Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria.,Faculty of Medicine, Benyoucef Benkhedda University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lydia Lamara Mahammed
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni-Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria.,Faculty of Medicine, Benyoucef Benkhedda University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aida Mohand Oussaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Benyoucef Benkhedda University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria.,Department of Pediatrics A, Beni-Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Melanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Khadri
- Department of Pediatrics A, Beni-Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France.,St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France.,St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nafissa Ben Halla
- Faculty of Medicine, Benyoucef Benkhedda University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria.,Department of Pediatrics A, Beni-Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Reda Djidjik
- Department of Medical Immunology, Beni-Messous University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria.,Faculty of Medicine, Benyoucef Benkhedda University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nashiry A, Sarmin Sumi S, Islam S, Quinn JMW, Moni MA. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and hypertensive comorbidities. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1387-1401. [PMID: 33458761 PMCID: PMC7929376 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected individuals that have hypertension or cardiovascular comorbidities have an elevated risk of serious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and high rates of mortality but how COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document} and cardiovascular diseases interact are unclear. We therefore sought to identify novel mechanisms of interaction by identifying genes with altered expression in SARS-CoV-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$2$\end{document} infection that are relevant to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Some recent research shows the SARS-CoV-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$2$\end{document} uses the angiotensin converting enzyme-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$2$\end{document} (ACE-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$2$\end{document}) as a receptor to infect human susceptible cells. The ACE2 gene is expressed in many human tissues, including intestine, testis, kidneys, heart and lungs. ACE2 usually converts Angiotensin I in the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system to Angiotensin II, which affects blood pressure levels. ACE inhibitors prescribed for cardiovascular disease and hypertension may increase the levels of ACE-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$2$\end{document}, although there are claims that such medications actually reduce lung injury caused by COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document}. We employed bioinformatics and systematic approaches to identify such genetic links, using messenger RNA data peripheral blood cells from COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document} patients and compared them with blood samples from patients with either chronic heart failure disease or hypertensive diseases. We have also considered the immune response genes with elevated expression in COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document} to those active in cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document} and chronic heart failure, and common to COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document} and hypertension, were identified; the involvement of these common genes in the signalling pathways and ontologies studied. COVID-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$19$\end{document} does not share a large number of differentially expressed genes with the conditions under consideration. However, those that were identified included genes playing roles in T cell functions, toll-like receptor pathways, cytokines, chemokines, cell stress, type 2 diabetes and gastric cancer. We also identified protein–protein interactions, gene regulatory networks and suggested drug and chemical compound interactions using the differentially expressed genes. The result of this study may help in identifying significant targets of treatment that can combat the ongoing pandemic due to SARS-CoV-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$2$\end{document} infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Nashiry
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Shauli Sarmin Sumi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Healthy Ageing Theme, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Healthy Ageing Theme, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre on eHealth, UNSW Digital Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kotyla PJ, Engelmann M, Giemza-Stokłosa J, Wnuk B, Islam MA. Thromboembolic Adverse Drug Reactions in Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors: Does the Inhibitor Specificity Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2449. [PMID: 33671049 PMCID: PMC7957632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunology enabled the characterization of several signal transmitting pathways responsible for proper cytokine and chemokine signaling. Among them, Janus kinases (JAKs) are essential components of receptor activation systems. The discovery of JAK kinases enabled the synthesis of JAK kinase inhibitors (JAKi or Jakinibs), which have proven to be efficacious in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and several rheumatological disorders and continue to be investigated in many clinical indications. Blocking multiple cytokines belonging to several cytokine families with a single small molecule may, however, create a potential risk for the patients. Recently, a higher risk of thromboembolic complications, namely, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been recognized as the main concern during treatment with Jakinibs. At present, it is not entirely clear whether this increased risk is related to direct cytokine blockade, the presence of concomitant diseases in treated patients or other unknown circumstances that work together to increase the risk of this side effect. In this review, we discuss data on the risk of thromboembolic side effects, with special emphasis on the mechanism that may be responsible for this increased risk. Many indirect data indicate that higher thromboembolic risk may be related to the specificity of JAK inhibitor action, such that preferentially blocking one signaling pathway upsets the balance between pro and anti-thrombotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J. Kotyla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Engelmann
- Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Medicine, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Bartosz Wnuk
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van Beers JJ, Damoiseaux JG. Immune Monitoring upon Treatment with Biologics in Sjögren's Syndrome: The What, Where, When, and How. Biomolecules 2021; 11:116. [PMID: 33467204 PMCID: PMC7830440 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, a wide variety of therapeutic antibodies has been successfully introduced in the auto-immunology clinic, and many more are on the way. Many of these treatments address either a pathogenic circulating molecule or a cell-bound molecule. Whereas addressing the former target results in neutralization of the soluble factor and binding to the latter target either inhibits cellular function or induces selective cell death. If this targeted molecule or cell is part of the immune system, this therapy evokes a state of immunodeficiency with infections as a possible consequence. Therefore, immune monitoring is needed to prevent such adverse side effects of immunotherapy. In this paper, different immunotherapies used in Sjögren's syndrome, as well as different approaches to monitoring the immune system, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J.B.C. van Beers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Maastricht University Medical Center, Laboratory Specialist in Medical Immunology and Clinical Chemistry, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G.M.C. Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Maastricht University Medical Center, Laboratory Specialist in Medical Immunology, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Clinical Aspects of Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors in the Cardiovascular System in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197390. [PMID: 33036382 PMCID: PMC7583966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, a novel class of targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), have shown their safety and efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are being intensively tested in other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Targeting several cytokines with a single small compound leads to blocking the physiological response of hundreds of genes, thereby providing the background to stabilize the immune response. Unfortunately, blocking many cytokines with a single drug may also bring some negative consequences. In this review, we focused on the activity of JAK inhibitors in the cardiovascular system of patients with RA. Special emphasis was put on the modification of heart performance, progression of atherosclerosis, lipid profile disturbance, and risk of thromboembolic complications. We also discussed potential pathophysiological mechanisms that may be responsible for such JAK inhibitor-associated side effects.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cuiju W, Shibiao S, Ying T, Rongzong L, Haijuan X, Huifeng C, Tianjian W. IL-2 and IL-2R gene polymorphisms and immune function in people residing in areas with high background radiation, Yangjiang, China. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1466-1472. [PMID: 32910717 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term exposure to low dose radiation may trigger immune response and stimulate hormesis. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) play a crucial role in immune function. We aimed to explore the possible association of IL-2 and IL-2R gene polymorphisms with low dose radiation exposure, as well as the relationship with IL-2 gene expression in people residing in areas with a high background radiation in Yangjiang, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited and assigned 54 native men residing in Yangxi County, Yangjiang city to the high natural background radiation (HNBR) group, and 53 native men residing in Hengpi County, Enping city to the control area (CA) group. All the participants wore a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) for 90 days, and answered questionnaires. The serum levels of IL2, IL4, IL5, sIL2R, and tumor growth factor (TGF), and expression levels of IL2RA, IL2RB, IL2RG, and IL2 were also analyzed. Additionally, we tested 10 polymorphic loci associated with the IL-2 gene. RESULTS The annual effective radiation doses in the HNBR and CA groups were 6.24 mSv y-1 and 1.95 mSv y-1, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5 were higher in the HNBR group than the CA group (p < .05), while the serum level of TGFβ was lower in the HNBR group (p < .05). The IL-2 gene mRNA expression level was higher in the HNBR group than the CA group (p < .05). The IL-2RB rs76206423 AA allele showed significant variations in the HNBR group (p = .0381). CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to low dose radiation may enhance immune function, and IL-2RB rs76206423 may be related to the expression of IL-2 by other coding variants. Moreover, our data provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the immune response to low dose radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cuiju
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Shibiao
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Ying
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Rongzong
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Haijuan
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Huifeng
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Tianjian
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meyer LK, Verbist KC, Albeituni S, Scull BP, Bassett RC, Stroh AN, Tillman H, Allen CE, Hermiston ML, Nichols KE. JAK/STAT pathway inhibition sensitizes CD8 T cells to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in hyperinflammation. Blood 2020; 136:657-668. [PMID: 32530039 PMCID: PMC7414590 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) are severe hyperinflammatory conditions characterized by excessive immune system activation leading to organ damage and death. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a disease often associated with inherited defects in cell-mediated cytotoxicity, serves as a prototypical CSS for which the 5-year survival is only 60%. Frontline therapy for HLH consists of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) and the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. Many patients, however, are refractory to this treatment or relapse after an initial response. Notably, many cytokines that are elevated in HLH activate the JAK/STAT pathway, and the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (RUX) has shown efficacy in murine HLH models and humans with refractory disease. We recently reported that cytokine-induced JAK/STAT signaling mediates DEX resistance in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells, and that this could be effectively reversed by RUX. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that cytokine-mediated JAK/STAT signaling might similarly contribute to DEX resistance in HLH, and that RUX treatment would overcome this phenomenon. Using ex vivo assays, a murine model of HLH, and primary patient samples, we demonstrate that the hypercytokinemia of HLH reduces the apoptotic potential of CD8 T cells leading to relative DEX resistance. Upon exposure to RUX, this apoptotic potential is restored, thereby sensitizing CD8 T cells to DEX-induced apoptosis in vitro and significantly reducing tissue immunopathology and HLH disease manifestations in vivo. Our findings provide rationale for combining DEX and RUX to enhance the lymphotoxic effects of DEX and thus improve the outcomes for patients with HLH and related CSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Sabrin Albeituni
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Brooks P Scull
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Rachel C Bassett
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Alexa N Stroh
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Carl E Allen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Waickman AT, Keller HR, Kim TH, Luckey MA, Tai X, Hong C, Molina-París C, Walsh STR, Park JH. The Cytokine Receptor IL-7Rα Impairs IL-2 Receptor Signaling and Constrains the In Vitro Differentiation of Foxp3 + Treg Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101421. [PMID: 32791329 PMCID: PMC7424196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-7 receptor signaling is essential for the generation and maintenance of conventional T cells. Immunosuppressive Foxp3+ Treg cells, however, express uniquely low amounts of the IL-7-proprietary IL-7Rα so that they are impaired in IL-7 signaling. Because Treg cells depend on IL-2, the loss of IL-7Rα has been considered irrelevant for Treg cells. In contrast, here, we report that IL-7Rα downregulation is necessary to maximize IL-2R signaling. Although IL-7Rα overexpression promoted IL-7 signaling, unexpectedly, IL-2 signaling was suppressed in the same cells. Mechanistically, we found that γc, which is a receptor subunit shared by IL-7R and IL-2R, directly binds and pre-associates with IL-7Rα, thus limiting its availability for IL-2R binding. Consequently, overexpression of signaling-deficient, tailless IL-7Rα proteins inhibited IL-2R signaling, demonstrating that IL-7Rα sequesters γc and suppresses IL-2R signaling by extracellular interactions. Collectively, these results reveal a previously unappreciated regulatory mechanism of IL-2 receptor signaling that is governed by IL-7Rα abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Waickman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hilary R Keller
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA
| | - Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan A Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuguang Tai
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Carmen Molina-París
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Scott T R Walsh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Keller HR, Kim HK, Jo Y, Gress RE, Hong C, Park JH. The Abundance and Availability of Cytokine Receptor IL-2Rβ (CD122) Constrain the Lymphopenia-Induced Homeostatic Proliferation of Naive CD4 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3227-3235. [PMID: 32393513 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation (LIP) is a critical mechanism for restoring T cell immunity upon lymphodepleting insults or infections. LIP is primarily driven by homeostatic cytokines, such as IL-7 and IL-15, but not all T cells respond with the same efficiency to homeostatic proliferative cues. Although CD8 T cells vigorously proliferate under lymphopenic conditions, naive CD4 T cells are substantially impaired in their response to homeostatic cytokines, and they fail to fully expand. In this study, we show that the availability of IL-2Rβ (CD122), which is a receptor subunit shared by IL-2 and IL-15, affects both the cytokine responsiveness and the LIP of naive CD4 T cells in the mouse. The enumeration of surface IL-2Rβ molecules on murine naive CD4 and naive CD8 T cells revealed a 5-fold difference in IL-2Rβ abundance. Notably, it was the limited availability of IL-2Rβ that impaired CD4 T cell responsiveness to IL-15 and suppressed their LIP. As such, forced IL-2Rβ expression on CD4 T cells by transgenesis bestowed IL-15 responsiveness onto naive CD4 T cells, which thus acquired the ability to undergo robust LIP. Collectively, these results identify IL-2Rβ availability as a new regulatory mechanism to control cytokine responsiveness and the homeostatic proliferation of murine CD4 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary R Keller
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Department of Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA 18840
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental and Transplantation Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental and Transplantation Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Changwan Hong
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; .,Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luckey MA, Kim TH, Prakhar P, Keller HR, Crossman A, Choi S, Love PE, Walsh STR, Park JH. SOCS3 is a suppressor of γc cytokine signaling and constrains generation of murine Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:986-999. [PMID: 32144749 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SOCS3 is a cytosolic inhibitor of cytokine signaling that suppresses the activation of cytokine receptor-associated JAK kinases. Mechanistically, SOCS3 is recruited to a site in the cytokine receptors known as the SOCS3-interaction motif, and then binds JAK molecules to inhibit their kinase activity. The SOCS3-interaction motif is found in receptors of the gp130 cytokine family but mostly absent from other cytokine receptors, including γc. Thus, SOCS3 has been considered a selective suppressor of gp130 family cytokines, but not γc cytokines. Considering that γc signaling induces SOCS3 expression in T cells, here we revisited the role of SOCS3 on γc signaling. Using SOCS3 transgenic mice, we found that increased abundance of SOCS3 not only suppressed signaling of the gp130 family cytokine IL-6, but also signaling of the γc family cytokine IL-7. Consequently, SOCS3 transgenic mice were impaired in IL-7-dependent T cell development in the thymus and the homeostasis of mature T cells in peripheral tissues. Moreover, enforced SOCS3 expression interfered with the generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells that requires signaling by the γc family cytokine IL-2. Collectively, we report an underappreciated role for SOCS3 in suppressing γc cytokine signaling, effectively expanding its scope of target cytokines in T cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hilary R Keller
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.,Department of Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA
| | - Assiatu Crossman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Seeyoung Choi
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul E Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Scott T R Walsh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
IL7RA genetic variants differentially affect IL-7Rα expression and alternative splicing: a role in autoimmune and infectious diseases? Genes Immun 2020; 21:83-90. [PMID: 31929513 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to immunopathologies like autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The current hypothesis about underlying mechanisms is based on the regulation of IL-7 availability for self-reactive T cells by influencing the generation of a soluble (s)IL-7Rα variant. This assumption was mainly predicated on the well-defined IL7RA SNP rs6897932, which affects alternative splicing and causes aberrant generation of the sIL-7Rα variant with potential effects on the IL-7 serum reservoir. However, more recent studies shed light on novel functions of autoimmunity risk-associated IL7RA SNPs and characterized the largely neglected effect of rs6897932 on membrane (m)IL-7Rα expression. These findings as well as a described role of impaired mIL-7Rα expression and IL7RA SNP influence on chronic infectious diseases necessitates the reevaluation of previous findings on the role of IL7RA SNPs in immunopathology.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Feng F, Liu G, Feng X, Zhang Z, Xie L, Liu J, Yu Y. Different Effects of Interleukin 21 and Interleukin 15 on In Vitro Expanded CD8+ T Cells Stimulated by Alloantigen. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:3456-3462. [PMID: 31733792 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of IL (interleukin) 21 on CD8+ T cells stimulated by alloantigen in the presence of IL-15 in vitro. METHODS CD8+ T cells sorted with MicroBeads from fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with antigen-presenting cells derived from HLA-A, -B, and -DR full-mismatched individuals for 9 days without any cytokines, in the presence of IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15 combined with IL-21, respectively. The proliferation and phenotypic characteristics of CD28+ and CD28- subsets were measured after 9 days of culture. RESULTS The proliferation of CD8+ T cells can be promoted either by IL-15 alone or in combination with IL-21 compared with IL-21. Cells expanded in the presence of IL-15 are mainly CD8+CD28- T cells, while those expanded in the presence of IL-15 combined with IL-21 are mostly CD8+CD28+ T cells. In the presence of IL-15, most CD8+CD28+ T cells shifted to CD8+CD28- T cells during the process of proliferation, but In the presence of IL-15 combined with IL-21, CD8+CD28+ T cells didn't shift to CD8+CD28- T cells during proliferation, moreover, CD8+CD28- T cells cannot transform in reverse to CD8+CD28+ T cells. IL-21 combined with IL-15 can promote the expression of granzyme B and perforin in CD8+CD28+ and/or CD8+CD28- T cells compared with IL-15 alone. CONCLUSION IL-21 cannot promote the proliferation of CD8+ T cells under allogeneic stimulation unless combined with IL-15. IL-21 prevents the loss of CD28 molecules caused by IL-15 but cannot promote its re-expression in CD28- T cells. CD8+ T cells expanded by IL-21 combined with IL-15 is characterized by cytotoxic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paganelli F, Lonetti A, Anselmi L, Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F. New advances in targeting aberrant signaling pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100649. [PMID: 31523031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disorder characterized by malignant transformation of immature progenitors primed towards T-cell development. Over the past 15 years, advances in the molecular characterization of T-ALL have uncovered oncogenic key drivers and crucial signaling pathways of this disease, opening new chances for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, T-ALL patients are still treated with aggressive therapies, consisting of high dose multiagent chemotherapy. To minimize and overcome the unfavorable effects of these regimens, it is critical to identify innovative targets and test selective inhibitors of such targets. Major efforts are being made to develop small molecules against deregulated signaling pathways, which sustain T-ALL cell growth, survival, metabolism, and drug-resistance. This review will focus on recent improvements in the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and on the challenging opportunities for T-ALL targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paganelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Morphology, Signal Transduction Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza-CNR National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
IL7 receptor signaling in T cells: A mathematical modeling perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1447. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
38
|
Floss DM, Scheller J. Naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors in disease and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:1-20. [PMID: 31147158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines control immune related events and are critically involved in a plethora of patho-physiological processes including autoimmunity and cancer development. Mutations which cause ligand-independent, constitutive activation of cytokine receptors are quite frequently found in diseases. Many constitutive-active cytokine receptor variants have been directly connected to disease development and mechanistically analyzed. Nature's solutions to generate constitutive cytokine receptors has been recently adopted by synthetic cytokine receptor biology, with the goal to optimize immune therapeutics. Here, CAR T cell immmunotherapy represents the first example to combine synthetic biology with genetic engineering during therapy. Hence, constitutive-active cytokine receptors are therapeutic targets, but also emerging tools to improve or modulate immunotherapeutic strategies. This review gives a comprehensive insight into the field of naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bandari AK, Bhat S, Archana MV, Yadavalli S, Patel K, Rajagopalan P, Madugundu AK, Madkaikar M, Reddy K, Muthusamy B, Pandey A. Family-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Study Identifies an IL2RG Variant in an Infant with Primary Immunodeficiency. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:285-290. [PMID: 31100039 PMCID: PMC6534087 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of inherited genetic disorders that are characterized by an absent or impaired immune system. In this report, we describe the use of next-generation sequencing to investigate a male infant with clinical and immunological manifestations suggestive of a PID. Whole-exome sequencing of the infant along with his parents revealed a novel nucleotide variant (cytosine to adenine substitution at nucleotide position 252) in the coding region of the interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma (IL2RG) gene. The mother was found to be a carrier. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and represent the first such reported mutation in an Indian family. This mutation leads to an asparagine to lysine substitution (p.Asn84Lys) located in the extracellular domain of IL2RG, which is predicted to be pathogenic. Our study demonstrates the power of next-generation sequencing in identifying potential causative mutations to enable accurate clinical diagnosis, prenatal screening, and carrier female detection in PID patients. We believe that this approach, which is not a current routine in clinical practice, will become a mainstream component of individualized medicine in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind K Bandari
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,3 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Bhat
- 4 Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - M V Archana
- 4 Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Krishna Patel
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,5 Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | | | - Anil K Madugundu
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,3 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.,6 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,7 Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- 8 National Institute of Immunohaematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,2 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.,3 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 3 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.,6 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,7 Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Seyfarth J, Mütze N, Antony Cruz J, Kummer S, Reinauer C, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Jacobsen M. CD4 + T-Cells With High Common γ Chain Expression and Disturbed Cytokine Production Are Enriched in Children With Type-1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:820. [PMID: 31110501 PMCID: PMC6499215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The common gamma chain (γc) contributes to the formation of different cytokine receptors [e.g., IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-7R, and IL-15R], which are important for generation of self-reactive T-cells in autoimmune diseases, like in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whereas, the roles of membrane and soluble IL-2Rα and IL-7Rα variants in T1D disease pathogenesis are well-described, effects of γc expression and availability for dependent receptors remain elusive. We investigated expression of the γc and dependent receptors on T-cells and soluble γc concentrations in serum from patients with T1D (n = 34) and healthy controls (n = 27). Effector T-cell cytokines as well as IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 induced STAT5 phosphorylation were analyzed to determine functional implications of differential γc expression of CD4+ T-cell subsets classified by t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analyses. We found increased γc and IL-7Rα expression of CD4+ T-cells from T1D patients as compared to controls. t-SNE analyses assigned differential expression to subsets of memory T-cells co-expressing γc and IL-7Rα. Whereas, γc expression was positively correlated with IL-2Rα in memory T-cells from healthy controls, no dependency was found for patients with T1D. Similarly, the effector T-cell cytokine, IL-21, correlated inversely with γc expression in healthy controls, but not in T1D patients. Finally, T1D patients with high γc expression had increased proportions of IL-2 sensitive pSTAT5+ effector T-cells. These results indicated aberrantly high γc expression of T-cells from T1D patients with implications on dependent cytokine receptor signaling and effector T-cell cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie Mütze
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Antony Cruz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Park JY, Kwon J, Kim EY, Fink J, Kim HK, Park JH. CD24 + Cell Depletion Permits Effective Enrichment of Thymic iNKT Cells While Preserving Their Subset Composition. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e14. [PMID: 31089441 PMCID: PMC6494763 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a small subset of thymus-generated T cells that produce cytokines to control both innate and adaptive immunity. Because of their very low frequency in the thymus, in-depth characterization of iNKT cells can be facilitated by their enrichment from total thymocytes. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) of glycolipid antigen-loaded CD1d-tetramer-binding cells is a commonly used method to enrich iNKT cells. Surprisingly, we found that this procedure also dramatically altered the subset composition of enriched iNKT cells. As such, NKT2 lineage cells that express large amounts of the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger were markedly over-represented, while NKT1 lineage cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet were significantly reduced. To overcome this limitation, here, we tested magnetic-activated depletion of CD24+ immature thymocytes as an alternative method to enrich iNKT cells. We found that the overall recovery in iNKT cell numbers did not differ between these 2 methods. However, enrichment by CD24+ cell depletion preserved the subset composition of iNKT cells in the thymus, and thus permitted accurate and reproducible analysis of thymic iNKT cells in further detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Juntae Kwon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Y Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juliet Fink
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim HK, Chung H, Kwon J, Castro E, Johns C, Hawk NV, Hwang S, Park JH, Gress RE. Differential Cytokine Utilization and Tissue Tropism Results in Distinct Repopulation Kinetics of Naïve vs. Memory T Cells in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 30886618 PMCID: PMC6409349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve and memory T cells co-exist in the peripheral T cell pool, but the cellular mechanisms that maintain the balance and homeostasis of these two populations remain mostly unclear. To address this question, here, we assessed homeostatic proliferation and repopulation kinetics of adoptively transferred naïve and memory T cells in lymphopenic host mice. We identified distinct kinetics of proliferation and tissue-distribution between naïve and memory donor T cells, which resulted in the occupancy of the peripheral T cell pool by mostly naïve-origin T cells in short term (<1 week), but, in a dramatic reversal, by mostly memory-origin T cells in long term (>4 weeks). To explain this finding, we assessed utilization of the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 by naïve and memory T cells. We found different efficiencies of IL-7 signaling between naïve and memory T cells, where memory T cells expressed larger amounts of IL-7Rα but were significantly less potent in activation of STAT5 that is downstream of IL-7 signaling. Nonetheless, memory T cells were superior in long-term repopulation of the peripheral T cell pool, presumably, because they preferentially migrated into non-lymphoid tissues upon adoptive transfer and additionally utilized tissue IL-15 for rapid expansion. Consequently, co-utilization of IL-7 and IL-15 provides memory T cells a long-term survival advantage. We consider this mechanism important, as it permits the memory T cell population to be maintained in face of constant influx of naïve T cells to the peripheral T cell pool and under competing conditions for survival cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juntae Kwon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Johns
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nga V Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nadeau L, Aguer C. Interleukin-15 as a myokine: mechanistic insight into its effect on skeletal muscle metabolism. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:229-238. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine with important immunological functions. It is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is believed to be a myokine, a hypothesis supported by the rapid increase in circulating levels of IL-15 in response to exercise. Treatment with high doses of IL-15 results in metabolic adaptations such as improved insulin sensitivity and whole-body fatty acid oxidation and protection from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. IL-15 secreted by contracting muscle may therefore act as an endocrine factor to improve adiposity and energy metabolism in different tissues. Most studies have used supraphysiological doses of IL-15 that do not represent circulating IL-15 in response to exercise. However, evidence shows that IL-15 levels are higher in muscle interstitium and that IL-15 might improve muscle glucose homeostasis and oxidative metabolism in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Nevertheless, how IL-15 signals in skeletal muscle to improve muscle energy metabolism is not understood completely, especially because the absence of the α subunit of the IL-15 receptor (IL-15Rα) results in a phenotype similar to that of overexpressing/oversecreting IL-15 in mice. In this article, we review the literature to propose a model for the regulation of IL-15 by the soluble form of IL-15Rα to explain why some findings in the literature seem, at first glance, to be contradictory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Nadeau
- Institut du Savoir Montfort – Recherche, 713 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort – Recherche, 713 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Identification of a Shared Cytochrome p4502E1 Epitope Found in Anesthetic Drug-Induced and Viral Hepatitis. mSphere 2018; 3:3/5/e00453-18. [PMID: 30305319 PMCID: PMC6180222 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00453-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatitis is the leading reason that an approved drug is removed from the commercial market. Halogenated anesthetics can induce hepatitis in susceptible persons, and cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1) enzymes responsible for their metabolism induce antibodies in addition to hepatitis. CYP2E1 antibodies detected in anesthetic hepatitis patients have been detected in patients with viral hepatitis, suggesting that these different forms of hepatitis could develop immune reactions to a common segment or epitope of CYP2E1. We have found a common MHC-restricted CYP2E1 epitope in anesthetic and viral hepatitis that is a dominant epitope in anesthetic hepatitis and is significantly associated with fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis. Along with conformational epitopes, our identification of MHC-restricted CYP2E1 epitopes can be used to develop specific diagnostic tests for drug-induced or viral hepatitis or associated fibrosis or to predict individuals at risk for developing these diseases or their sequelae. Cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1) autoantibodies are biomarkers for drug-induced hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C. However, major histocompatibility-restricted CYP2E1 epitopes associated with these diseases have not been identified. We hypothesized that CYP2E1 epitopes associated with different types of hepatitis may be shared and may impact immune responses and metabolism. SYFPEITHI epitope prediction identified CYP2E1 candidate epitopes that would be recognized by MHC II haplotypes. Candidate epitopes were tested for induction of hepatitis and CYP2E1 autoantibodies in mice and recognition by sera from patients with anesthetic drug-induced and viral hepatitis. Human liver cells treated with epitope hybridoma serum were analyzed for mitochondrial stress. CYP2E1 activity was measured in human microsomes similarly treated. Epitope antibodies in viral hepatitis sera were analyzed using linear regression to uncover associations with liver pathology. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. One epitope (Gly113-Leu135) induced hepatitis and CYP2E1 autoantibodies in mice after modification of Lys123 (P < 0.05). Gly113-Leu135 antiserum recognized mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula (P < 0.05), upregulated HSP27 (P < 0.01) and mitochondrial oxidative stress via complex 1 inhibition (P < 0.001), and inhibited CYP2E1 activity. Gly113-Leu135 IgG4 detected in viral hepatitis sera was associated with severe hepatic fibrosis (P = 0.0142). We found a novel CYP2E1 epitope that was detected in anesthetic and viral hepatitis and that triggered hepatitis in mice. Our findings may improve understanding of hepatic immune responses triggered by metabolism or viruses. IMPORTANCE Drug-induced hepatitis is the leading reason that an approved drug is removed from the commercial market. Halogenated anesthetics can induce hepatitis in susceptible persons, and cytochrome p4502E1 (CYP2E1) enzymes responsible for their metabolism induce antibodies in addition to hepatitis. CYP2E1 antibodies detected in anesthetic hepatitis patients have been detected in patients with viral hepatitis, suggesting that these different forms of hepatitis could develop immune reactions to a common segment or epitope of CYP2E1. We have found a common MHC-restricted CYP2E1 epitope in anesthetic and viral hepatitis that is a dominant epitope in anesthetic hepatitis and is significantly associated with fibrosis in patients with viral hepatitis. Along with conformational epitopes, our identification of MHC-restricted CYP2E1 epitopes can be used to develop specific diagnostic tests for drug-induced or viral hepatitis or associated fibrosis or to predict individuals at risk for developing these diseases or their sequelae.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ligons DL, Hwang S, Waickman AT, Park JY, Luckey MA, Park JH. RORγt limits the amount of the cytokine receptor γc through the prosurvival factor Bcl-x L in developing thymocytes. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/545/eaam8939. [PMID: 30154103 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine receptor subunit γc provides critical signals for T cell survival and differentiation. We investigated the molecular mechanism that controls the cell surface abundance of γc during T cell development in the thymus. We found that the amount of γc was low on CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes before their positive selection to become mature T cells. The transcription factor RORγt was abundant in immature DP thymocytes, and its loss resulted in an increase in the abundance of surface γc, specifically on preselection DP cells. Rather than directly repressing expression of the gene encoding γc, RORγt acted through the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL to reduce the abundance of surface γc, which resulted in decreased cytokine signaling and was associated with inhibition of cell metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Accordingly, overexpression of Bcl-xL in RORγt-deficient thymocytes restored the amount of surface γc to that present on normal preselection DP cells. Together, these data highlight a previously unappreciated role for RORγt and Bcl-xL in limiting γc abundance at the cell surface and reveal a signaling circuit in which survival factors control cytokine signaling by limiting the abundance and surface distribution of a receptor subunit shared by several cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam T Waickman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan A Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Soendergaard C, Bergenheim FH, Bjerrum JT, Nielsen OH. Targeting JAK-STAT signal transduction in IBD. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:100-111. [PMID: 30048708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An unmet medical need exists for novel targeted therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as many patients experience inadequate responses to antibody-based biologics. An oral drug formulation with reduced production costs and redundancy for healthcare staff to administer therapy ideally should result in diminished healthcare expenses and improved patient compliance. A new drug class of small molecules, the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (jakinibs), fulfills these criteria and has recently shown efficacy in IBD. Here we provide an overview of the mode of action of jakinibs and provide a comprehensive overview of existing clinical studies. Convincing clinical data show that a complex cytokine-driven inflammation can efficiently be modulated by therapeutic inhibition of the JAK proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Are Janus Kinase Inhibitors Superior over Classic Biologic Agents in RA Patients? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7492904. [PMID: 29862290 PMCID: PMC5971265 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7492904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that provide transmission signals from cytokine, interferons, and many hormones receptors to the nucleus resulting in synthesis of many biologically active compounds and changing cell metabolism and function. That was theoretical background to synthetize the JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs). In recent years a substantial battery of evidence has been collected indicating the potential role of Jakinibs to interact with the specific elements of the immune system, therefore changing the inflammatory response. JAK kinase blockade offers a unique opportunity to block most of the key cytokines enabling the deep interaction into immune system functioning. Following discovery first Jakinibs were intensively studied in various forms of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and finally two Jakinibs tofacitinib and Baricitinib have been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Some clinical data indicated that under special circumstances Jakinibs may be even superior to biologics in the treatment of RA; however this suggestion should be verified in large clinical and observational studies.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim G, Hwang H, Jo Y, Lee B, Lee YH, Kim CH, Hong C. Soluble γc receptor attenuates anti-tumor responses of CD8 + T cells in T cell immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1212-1223. [PMID: 29577276 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that soluble common γ-chain (sγc) modulates CD4+ T cell immunity with antagonistic functions in γc cytokine signaling. However, the role of sγc in functional properties of effector CD8+ T cells has not been fully defined. In this study, we report a new mechanism by which the anti-tumor activity of mouse CD8+ T cells is suppressed in sγc of their own producing. While sγc significantly inhibits cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, blocking sγc production by genetic modification leads to potentiated effector function of CD8+ T cells, establishing persistent CD8+ T cells. This is due to the modulation of IL-2 and IL-15 signaling, which is required for expansion and survival of CD8+ T cells as well as for optimal cytotoxic activity. More efficient management of tumor growth was achieved by an adoptive transfer of sγc-deficient CD8+ T cells than that of wild-type or sγc-overexpressing CD8+ T cells. Blocking of IL-2 and IL-15 signaling by sγc attenuates the capacity of CD8+ T cells to mount an optimal response to the tumor, with both quantitative and qualitative effects on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. These results could have a critical implication for the generation and survival of optimal effector T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geona Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Byunghyuk Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Afrin F, Fernandez CP, Flores RA, Kim WH, Jeong J, Chang HH, Kim S, Lillehoj HS, Min W. Downregulation of common cytokine receptor γ chain inhibits inflammatory responses in macrophages stimulated with Riemerella anatipestifer. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:225-234. [PMID: 29241952 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Th17-cell-mediated inflammation is affected by the soluble form of common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc). We previously suggested that inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A are associated with Riemerella anatipestifer infection, which a harmful bacterial pathogen in ducks. Here, the expression profiles of membrane-associated γc (duγc-a) and soluble γc (duγc-b) in R. anatipestifer-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and macrophages, and in the spleens and livers of R. anatipestifer-infected ducks, were investigated. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that the expression levels of both forms of γc were increased, showing that marked increases were detected in the expression of the duγc-b form rather than the duγc-a form. Treatment with γc-specific siRNA downregulated mRNA expression of Th17-related cytokines, including IL-17A and IL-17F, in duck splenic macrophages stimulated with R. anatipestifer, whereas the expressions of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-2 were enhanced. The results showed that the upregulation of γc, especially the duγc-b form, was associated with expression of Th17-related cytokines during R. anatipestifer infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Afrin
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Cherry P Fernandez
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Rochelle A Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Woo H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Jipseol Jeong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Hong H Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|