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Guo N, Yang L, Wan X, Qiu D, Sun W, Ma H. Relationship between elevated circulating thrombospondin-1 levels and vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:197-207. [PMID: 37822187 PMCID: PMC10804906 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) participates in a series of physiological and pathological processes by binding to various receptors regulating cell proliferation, adhesion and apoptosis. Elevated circulating TSP-1 is linked with diabetic vascular complications (DVC). This study aimed to determine the relationship between circulating TSP-1 levels and DVC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI databases was carried out. A meta-analysis was carried out to compare circulating TSP-1 levels between diabetes patients without vascular complications (DNVC), diabetes patients with DVC and non-diabetes patients. The correlation between TSP-1 and metabolic parameters was also analyzed. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to complication type, defined as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease (DCVD). RESULTS A total of eight studies were included. Compared with non-diabetes patients, diabetic patients, including DNVC and DVC, had significantly higher circulating TSP-1 levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] 2.660, 95% CI 1.17-4.145, P = 0.000). DNVC had significantly higher circulating TSP-1 levels than non-diabetes patients (SMD 3.613, 95% CI 1.607-5.619, P = 0.000). DVC had significantly higher TSP-1 levels than DNVC (SMD 0.568, 95% CI 0.100-1.036, P = 0.017). TSP-1 was significantly positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (overall Fisher's z = 0.696, 95% CI 0.559-0.833) and HbA1c (overall Fisher's z = 0.849, 95% CI 0.776-0.923). CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating TSP-1 levels are closely related to DVC, especially in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Circulating TSP-1 detection might be helpful in the timely diagnosis and treatment of DVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Graduate School of Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakouChina
| | - Linlin Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiaozheng Wan
- Graduate School of Hebei North UniversityZhangjiakouChina
- Department of EndocrinologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Dongze Qiu
- Department of EndocrinologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of EndocrinologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Graduate School of North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
- Department of EndocrinologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangChina
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2
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Ahmed B, Farb MG, Karki S, D'Alessandro S, Edwards NM, Gokce N. Pericardial Adipose Tissue Thrombospondin-1 Associates With Antiangiogenesis in Ischemic Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol 2024; 210:201-207. [PMID: 37863116 PMCID: PMC10842123 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of ectopic pericardial adipose tissue has been associated with cardiovascular complications which, in part, may relate to adipose-derived factors that regulate vascular responses and angiogenesis. We sought to characterize adipose tissue microvascular angiogenic capacity in subjects who underwent elective cardiac surgeries including aortic, valvular, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Pericardial adipose tissue was collected intraoperatively and examined for angiogenic capacity. Capillary sprouting was significantly blunted (twofold, p <0.001) in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) (age 60 ± 9 years, body mass index [BMI] 32 ± 4 kg/m2, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] 95 ± 46 mg/100 ml, n = 29) compared with age-, BMI-, and LDL-C matched subjects without angiographic obstructive CAD (age 59 ± 10 y, BMI 35 ± 9 kg/m2, LDL-C 101 ± 40 mg/100 ml, n = 12). For potential mechanistic insight, we performed mRNA expression analyses using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and observed no significant differences in pericardial fat gene expression of proangiogenic mediators vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and angiopoietin-1 (angpt1), or anti-angiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and endostatin. In contrast, mRNA expression of anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) was significantly upregulated (twofold, p = 0.008) in CAD compared with non-CAD subjects, which was confirmed by protein western-immunoblot analysis. TSP-1 gene knockdown using short hairpin RNA lentiviral delivery significantly improved angiogenic deficiency in CAD (p <0.05). In conclusion, pericardial fat in subjects with CAD may be associated with an antiangiogenic profile linked to functional defects in vascularization capacity. Local paracrine actions of TSP-1 in adipose depots surrounding the heart may play a role in mechanisms of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa G Farb
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shakun Karki
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia D'Alessandro
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Niloo M Edwards
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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3
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Zhan JH, Wei J, Liu L, Xu YT, Ji H, Wang CN, Liu YJ, Zhu XY. Investigation of a UPR-Related Gene Signature Identifies the Pro-Fibrotic Effects of Thrombospondin-1 by Activating CD47/ROS/Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Lung Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2024. [PMID: 38136144 PMCID: PMC10740656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been linked to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relationship between UPR status and pulmonary function and prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients remains largely unknown. Through a series of bioinformatics analyses, we established a correlation between UPR status and pulmonary function in IPF patients. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) was identified as a potential biomarker for prognostic evaluation in IPF patients. By utilizing both bulk RNA profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we demonstrated the upregulation of TSP-1 in lung fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results indicated a positive association between TSP-1 expression and gene sets related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway in lung fibroblasts. TSP-1 overexpression alone induced mild ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis, and it even exacerbated bleomycin-induced ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, TSP-1 promoted ER stress and fibroblast activation through CD47-dependent ROS production. Treatment with either TSP-1 inhibitor or CD47 inhibitor significantly attenuated BLM-induced ER stress and pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the elevation of TSP-1 during pulmonary fibrosis is not merely a biomarker but likely plays a pathogenic role in the fibrotic changes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhan
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Juan Wei
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Chang-Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.-H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.-T.X.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
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4
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Montero E, Isenberg JS. The TSP1-CD47-SIRPα interactome: an immune triangle for the checkpoint era. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2879-2888. [PMID: 37217603 PMCID: PMC10412679 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of treatments, such as programmed death protein 1 (PD1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, that loosen the natural checks upon immune cell activity to enhance cancer killing have shifted clinical practice and outcomes for the better. Accordingly, the number of antibodies and engineered proteins that interact with the ligand-receptor components of immune checkpoints continue to increase along with their use. It is tempting to view these molecular pathways simply from an immune inhibitory perspective. But this should be resisted. Checkpoint molecules can have other cardinal functions relevant to the development and use of blocking moieties. Cell receptor CD47 is an example of this. CD47 is found on the surface of all human cells. Within the checkpoint paradigm, non-immune cell CD47 signals through immune cell surface signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) to limit the activity of the latter, the so-called trans signal. Even so, CD47 interacts with other cell surface and soluble molecules to regulate biogas and redox signaling, mitochondria and metabolism, self-renewal factors and multipotency, and blood flow. Further, the pedigree of checkpoint CD47 is more intricate than supposed. High-affinity interaction with soluble thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and low-affinity interaction with same-cell SIRPα, the so-called cis signal, and non-SIRPα ectodomains on the cell membrane suggests that multiple immune checkpoints converge at and through CD47. Appreciation of this may provide latitude for pathway-specific targeting and intelligent therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Montero
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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5
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Tabei A, Sakairi T, Hamatani H, Ohishi Y, Watanabe M, Nakasatomi M, Ikeuchi H, Kaneko Y, Kopp JB, Hiromura K. The miR-143/145 cluster induced by TGF-β1 suppresses Wilms' tumor 1 expression in cultured human podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F121-F133. [PMID: 37167274 PMCID: PMC10511167 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00313.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 contributes to podocyte injury in various glomerular diseases, including diabetic kidney disease, probably at least in part by attenuating the expression of Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1). However, the precise mechanisms remain to be defined. We performed miRNA microarray analysis in a human podocyte cell line cultured with TGF-β1 to examine the roles of miRNAs in podocyte damage. The microarray analysis identified miR-143-3p as the miRNA with the greatest increase following exposure to TGF-β1. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed a significant increase in the miR-143-3p/145-5p cluster in TGF-β1-supplemented cultured podocytes and demonstrated upregulation of miR-143-3p in the glomeruli of mice with type 2 diabetes. Ectopic expression of miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p suppressed WT1 expression in cultured podocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of Smad or mammalian target of rapamycin signaling each partially reversed the TGF-β1-induced increase in miR-143-3p/145-5p and decrease in WT1. In conclusion, TGF-β1 induces expression of miR-143-3p/145-5p in part through Smad and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways, and miR-143-3p/145-5p reduces expression of WT1 in cultured human podocytes. miR-143-3p/145-5p may contribute to TGF-β1-induced podocyte injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study by miRNA microarray analysis demonstrated that miR-143-3p expression was upregulated in cultured human podocytes following exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Furthermore, we report that the miR-143/145 cluster contributes to decreased expression of Wilms' tumor 1, which represents a possible mechanism for podocyte injury induced by TGF-β1. This study is important because it presents a novel mechanism for TGF-β-associated glomerular diseases, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and suggests potential therapeutic strategies targeting miR-143-3p/145-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Tabei
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toru Sakairi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hamatani
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohishi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masao Nakasatomi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Kaneko
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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6
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Gilham D, Wasiak S, Rakai BD, Fu L, Tsujikawa LM, Sarsons CD, Carestia A, Lebioda K, Johansson JO, Sweeney M, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kulikowski E. Apabetalone Downregulates Fibrotic, Inflammatory and Calcific Processes in Renal Mesangial Cells and Patients with Renal Impairment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1663. [PMID: 37371758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in transcriptional programs driving chronic kidney disease (CKD). Apabetalone is an orally available inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, which are epigenetic readers that modulate gene expression. In the phase 3 BETonMACE trial, apabetalone reduced risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) by 50% in the CKD subpopulation, indicating favorable effects along the kidney-heart axis. Activation of human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) to a contractile phenotype that overproduces extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammatory cytokines, and promotes calcification, frequently accompanies CKD to drive pathology. Here, we show apabetalone downregulated HRMC activation with TGF-β1 stimulation by suppressing TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, α-SMA assembly into stress fibers, enhanced contraction, collagen overproduction, and expression of key drivers of fibrosis, inflammation, or calcification including thrombospondin, fibronectin, periostin, SPARC, interleukin 6, and alkaline phosphatase. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of inflammatory genes IL6, IL1B, and PTGS2 was also suppressed. Transcriptomics confirmed apabetalone affected gene sets of ECM remodeling and integrins. Clinical translation of in vitro results was indicated in CKD patients where a single dose of apabetalone reduced plasma levels of key pro-fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and indicated inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling. While plasma proteins cannot be traced to the kidney alone, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of apabetalone identified in this study are consistent with the observed decrease in cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Sylwia Wasiak
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Brooke D Rakai
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Laura M Tsujikawa
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | | | - Agostina Carestia
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lebioda
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
| | - Jan O Johansson
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Michael Sweeney
- Resverlogix Inc., 535 Mission St, 14th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ewelina Kulikowski
- Resverlogix Corp., 300, 4820 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada
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7
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SGLT2 Inhibitor—Dapagliflozin Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Renal Injury by Regulating Inflammation through a CYP4A/20-HETE Signaling Mechanism. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030965. [PMID: 36986825 PMCID: PMC10054805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes, affecting millions of people worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key contributors to the development and progression of DKD, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a promising class of drugs, with evidence demonstrating that they can improve renal outcomes in people with diabetes. However, the exact mechanism by which SGLT2i exert their renoprotective effects is not yet fully understood. This study demonstrates that dapagliflozin treatment attenuates renal injury observed in type 2 diabetic mice. This is evidenced by the reduction in renal hypertrophy and proteinuria. Furthermore, dapagliflozin decreases tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis by mitigating the generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation, which are activated through the production of CYP4A-induced 20-HETE. Our findings provide insights onto a novel mechanistic pathway by which SGLT2i exerts their renoprotective effects. Overall, and to our knowledge, the study provides critical insights into the pathophysiology of DKD and represents an important step towards improving outcomes for people with this devastating condition.
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8
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Trink J, Ahmed U, O'Neil K, Li R, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Cell surface GRP78 regulates TGFβ1-mediated profibrotic responses via TSP1 in diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098321. [PMID: 36909183 PMCID: PMC9998550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure in North America, characterized by glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. High glucose (HG) induction of glomerular mesangial cell (MC) profibrotic responses plays a central role in its pathogenesis. We previously showed that the endoplasmic reticulum resident GRP78 translocates to the cell surface in response to HG, where it mediates Akt activation and downstream profibrotic responses in MC. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is recognized as a central mediator of HG-induced profibrotic responses, but whether its activation is regulated by cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) is unknown. TGFβ1 is stored in the ECM in a latent form, requiring release for biological activity. The matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), known to be increased in DKD and by HG in MC, is an important factor in TGFβ1 activation. Here we determined whether csGRP78 regulates TSP1 expression and thereby TGFβ1 activation by HG. Methods: Primary mouse MC were used. TSP1 and TGFβ1 were assessed using standard molecular biology techniques. Inhibitors of csGRP78 were: 1) vaspin, 2) the C-terminal targeting antibody C38, 3) siRNA downregulation of its transport co-chaperone MTJ-1 to prevent GRP78 translocation to the cell surface, and 4) prevention of csGRP78 activation by its ligand, active α2-macroglobulin (α2M*), with the neutralizing antibody Fα2M or an inhibitory peptide. Results: TSP1 transcript and promoter activity were increased by HG, as were cellular and ECM TSP1, and these required PI3K/Akt activity. Inhibition of csGRP78 prevented HG-induced TSP1 upregulation and deposition into the ECM. The HG-induced increase in active TGFβ1 in the medium was also inhibited, which was associated with reduced intracellular Smad3 activation and signaling. Overexpression of csGRP78 increased TSP-1, and this was further augmented in HG. Discussion: These data support an important role for csGRP78 in regulating HG-induced TSP1 transcriptional induction via PI3K/Akt signaling. Functionally, this enables TGFβ1 activation in response to HG, with consequent increase in ECM proteins. Means of inhibiting csGRP78 signaling represent a novel approach to preventing fibrosis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Trink
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kian O'Neil
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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Chen X, Wang J, Lin Y, Liu Y, Zhou T. Signaling Pathways of Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. Cells 2022; 11:3913. [PMID: 36497173 PMCID: PMC9736207 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most important comorbidities for patients with diabetes, and its incidence has exceeded one tenth, with an increasing trend. Studies have shown that diabetes is associated with a decrease in the number of podocytes. Diabetes can induce apoptosis of podocytes through several apoptotic pathways or induce autophagy of podocytes through related pathways. At the same time, hyperglycemia can also directly lead to apoptosis of podocytes, and the related inflammatory reactions are all harmful to podocytes. Podocyte damage is often accompanied by the production of proteinuria and the progression of DKD. As a new therapeutic agent for diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of diabetes and the improvement of terminal outcomes in many rodent experiments and clinical studies. At the same time, SGLT2i can also play a protective role in diabetes-induced podocyte injury by improving the expression of nephrotic protein defects and inhibiting podocyte cytoskeletal remodeling. Some studies have also shown that SGLT2i can play a role in inhibiting the apoptosis and autophagy of cells. However, there is no relevant study that clearly indicates whether SGLT2i can also play a role in the above pathways in podocytes. This review mainly summarizes the damage to podocyte structure and function in DKD patients and related signaling pathways, as well as the possible protective mechanism of SGLT2i on podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiutian Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yongda Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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10
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Ebefors K, Bergwall L, Nyström J. The Glomerulus According to the Mesangium. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:740527. [PMID: 35155460 PMCID: PMC8825785 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is the functional unit for filtration of blood and formation of primary urine. This intricate structure is composed of the endothelium with its glycocalyx facing the blood, the glomerular basement membrane and the podocytes facing the urinary space of Bowman's capsule. The mesangial cells are the central hub connecting and supporting all these structures. The components as a unit ensure a high permselectivity hindering large plasma proteins from passing into the urine while readily filtering water and small solutes. There has been a long-standing interest and discussion regarding the functional contribution of the different cellular components but the mesangial cells have been somewhat overlooked in this context. The mesangium is situated in close proximity to all other cellular components of the glomerulus and should be considered important in pathophysiological events leading to glomerular disease. This review will highlight the role of the mesangium in both glomerular function and intra-glomerular crosstalk. It also aims to explain the role of the mesangium as a central component involved in disease onset and progression as well as signaling to maintain the functions of other glomerular cells to uphold permselectivity and glomerular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Bergwall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Peng L, Chen Y, Shi S, Wen H. Stem cell-derived and circulating exosomal microRNAs as new potential tools for diabetic nephropathy management. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:25. [PMID: 35073973 PMCID: PMC8785577 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite major advances in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in recent years, it remains the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. An early diagnosis and therapy may slow down the DN progression. Numerous potential biomarkers are currently being researched. Circulating levels of the kidney-released exosomes and biological molecules, which reflect the DN pathology including glomerular and tubular dysfunction as well as mesangial expansion and fibrosis, have shown the potential for predicting the occurrence and progression of DN. Moreover, many experimental therapies are currently being investigated, including stem cell therapy and medications targeting inflammatory, oxidant, or pro-fibrotic pathways activated during the DN progression. The therapeutic potential of stem cells is partly depending on their secretory capacity, particularly exosomal microRNAs (Exo-miRs). In recent years, a growing line of research has shown the participation of Exo-miRs in the pathophysiological processes of DN, which may provide effective therapeutic and biomarker tools for DN treatment. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to collect published findings regarding therapeutic stem cell-derived Exo-miRs for DN treatment as well as circulating Exo-miRs as potential DN-associated biomarkers. FINDINGS Glomerular mesangial cells and podocytes are the most important culprits in the pathogenesis of DN and, thus, can be considered valuable therapeutic targets. Preclinical investigations have shown that stem cell-derived exosomes can exert beneficial effects in DN by transferring renoprotective miRs to the injured mesangial cells and podocytes. Of note, renoprotective Exo-miR-125a secreted by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can improve the injured mesangial cells, while renoprotective Exo-miRs secreted by adipose-derived stem cells (Exo-miR-486 and Exo-miR-215-5p), human urine-derived stem cells (Exo-miR-16-5p), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Exo-miR-let-7a) can improve the injured podocytes. On the other hand, clinical investigations have indicated that circulating Exo-miRs isolated from urine or serum hold great potential as promising biomarkers in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shaoqing Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Heling Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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12
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Niknam Z, Samadi M, Ghalibafsabbaghi A, Chodari L. IGF-I combined with exercise improve diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction in heart of male Wistar rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 14:34-41. [PMID: 35620752 PMCID: PMC9106942 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This research investigates the impact of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF -I)and exercise on mediators associated with angiogenesis (VEGF-A, TSP-1, and NF-кβ) and capillarization status of the diabetic rats’ hearts.
Methods: Splitting of forty Wistar male rats into five groups occurred as following: control,diabetes, diabetes+IGF-I, diabetes+exercise, and diabetes+exercise+IGF-I.Through intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, the condition of Type 1diabetes was escalated. After four weeks of treatment with IGF-I (2 mg/kg/day) or treadmill exercise (17 m/min, zero degrees slope, 30 min/day), in the heart, microvascular density and protein levels of VEGF-A, TSP-1, and NF-кβ were determined by H&E staining and ELISA,respectively.
Results: Within the diabetic group, observations present a significant decrease in VEGF-A and MVD levels, whereas an increase in the TSP-1 and NF-Κb levels. While these impacts were reversed by either IGF-I or exercise treatments, simultaneous treatment had synergistic effects. Moreover, among diabetic rats, undesirable histologic alterations of the heart were demonstrated, including myonecrosis, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and mononuclear immune cell infiltration, whereas treatments improved these changes.
Conclusion: These data manifest that IGF-I and exercise can increase the cardiac angiogenesis of diabetic rats through increasing expression of VEGF-A, and decreasing TSP-1 and NF-кβproteins level, also can improve myocardial tissue damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Samadi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | | | - leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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13
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Lee CH, Seto WK, Lui DTW, Fong CHY, Wan HY, Cheung CYY, Chow WS, Woo YC, Yuen MF, Xu A, Lam KSL. Circulating Thrombospondin-2 as a Novel Fibrosis Biomarker of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:2089-2097. [PMID: 34183428 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical studies have suggested that thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) is implicated in liver fibrosis. However, the clinical relevance of TSP2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains undefined. Here, we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of circulating TSP2 levels with advanced fibrosis (F3 or greater [≥FE] fibrosis) in NAFLD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum TSP2 levels were measured in 820 patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. All participants received vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) at baseline to evaluate their hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness (LS) measurements, respectively. Among those without advanced fibrosis at baseline, reassessment VCTE was performed to determine whether ≥F3 fibrosis had developed over time. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum TSP2 level with ≥F3 fibrosis. RESULTS Baseline serum TSP2 level was independently associated with the presence of ≥F3 fibrosis (odds ratio [OR] 5.13, P < 0.001). The inclusion of serum TSP2 level significantly improved the identification of ≥F3 fibrosis by clinical risk factors. Over a median follow-up of 1.5 years, 8.8% developed ≥F3 fibrosis. Baseline serum TSP2 level was significantly associated with incident ≥F3 fibrosis (OR 2.82, P = 0.005), independent of other significant clinical risk factors of fibrosis progression, including BMI, platelet count, and CAP at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Circulating TSP2 level was associated with both the presence and the development of advanced fibrosis and might be a potentially useful prognostic biomarker for the development and progression of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David Tak-Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Ho-Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Helen Yilin Wan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Chloe Yu-Yan Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Cho Woo
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong .,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Siu-Ling Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong .,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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14
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Abstract
The thrombospondin family comprises of five multifunctional glycoproteins, whose best-studied member is thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). This matricellular protein is a potent antiangiogenic agent that inhibits endothelial migration and proliferation, and induces endothelial apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated a regulatory role of TSP1 in cell migration and in activation of the latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). These functions of TSP1 translate into its broad modulation of immune processes. Further, imbalances in immune regulation have been increasingly linked to pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. While most studies in the past have focused on the role of TSP1 in cancer and inflammation, recently published data have revealed new insights about the role of TSP1 in physiological and metabolic disorders. Here, we highlight recent findings that associate TSP1 and its receptors to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. TSP1 regulates nitric oxide, activates latent TGFβ1, and interacts with receptors CD36 and CD47, to play an important role in cell metabolism. Thus, TSP1 and its major receptors may be considered a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes Barre, PA, United States
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15
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Ganguly R, Khanal S, Mathias A, Gupta S, Lallo J, Sahu S, Ohanyan V, Patel A, Storm K, Datta S, Raman P. TSP-1 (Thrombospondin-1) Deficiency Protects ApoE -/- Mice Against Leptin-Induced Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e112-e127. [PMID: 33327743 PMCID: PMC8105272 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperleptinemia, hallmark of obesity, is a putative pathophysiologic trigger for atherosclerosis. We previously reported a stimulatory effect of leptin on TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) expression, a proatherogenic matricellular protein implicated in atherogenesis. However, a causal role of TSP-1 in leptin-driven atherosclerosis remains unknown. Approach and Results: Seventeen-weeks-old ApoE-/- and TSP-1-/-/ApoE-/- double knockout mice, on normocholesterolemic diet, were treated with or without murine recombinant leptin (5 µg/g bwt, IP) once daily for 3 weeks. Using aortic root morphometry and en face lesion assay, we found that TSP-1 deletion abrogated leptin-stimulated lipid-filled lesion burden, plaque area, and collagen accumulation in aortic roots of ApoE-/- mice, shown via Oil red O, hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson trichrome staining, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy of aortic roots showed that TSP-1 deficiency blocked leptin-induced inflammatory and smooth muscle cell abundance as well as cellular proliferation in ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, these effects were concomitant to changes in VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein)-triglyceride and HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol levels. Immunoblotting further revealed reduced vimentin and pCREB (phospho-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein) accompanied with augmented smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain expression in aortic vessels of leptin-treated double knockout versus leptin-treated ApoE-/-; also confirmed in aortic smooth muscle cells from the mice genotypes, incubated ± leptin in vitro. Finally, TSP-1 deletion impeded plaque burden in leptin-treated ApoE-/- on western diet, independent of plasma lipid alterations. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence for a protective effect of TSP-1 deletion on leptin-stimulated atherogenesis. Our findings suggest a regulatory role of TSP-1 on leptin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition and inflammatory lesion invasion. Collectively, these results underscore TSP-1 as a potential target of leptin-induced vasculopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/chemically induced
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Leptin
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombospondin 1/deficiency
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
- Current Address: Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Saugat Khanal
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Amy Mathias
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Shreya Gupta
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Jason Lallo
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Soumyadip Sahu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
- Current Address: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709
| | - Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Aakaash Patel
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Kyle Storm
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Sujay Datta
- Department of Statistics, The University of Akron, Akron, OH
| | - Priya Raman
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
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16
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Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 in maladaptive aging responses: a concept whose time has come. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C45-C63. [PMID: 32374675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00089.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous age-dependent alterations at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ systems levels underlie the pathophysiology of aging. Herein, the focus is upon the secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) as a promoter of aging and age-related diseases. TSP1 has several physiological functions in youth, including promoting neural synapse formation, mediating responses to ischemic and genotoxic stress, minimizing hemorrhage, limiting angiogenesis, and supporting wound healing. These acute functions of TSP1 generally require only transient expression of the protein. However, accumulating basic and clinical data reinforce the view that chronic diseases of aging are associated with accumulation of TSP1 in the extracellular matrix, which is a significant maladaptive contributor to the aging process. Identification of the relevant cell types that chronically produce and respond to TSP1 and the molecular mechanisms that mediate the resulting maladaptive responses could direct the development of therapeutic agents to delay or revert age-associated maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Selc M, Razga F, Nemethova V, Mazancova P, Ursinyova M, Novotova M, Kopecka K, Gabelova A, Babelova A. Surface coating determines the inflammatory potential of magnetite nanoparticles in murine renal podocytes and mesangial cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23916-23929. [PMID: 35517346 PMCID: PMC9055089 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary renal podocytes are more susceptible to MNPs exposure than primary renal mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Selc
- Department of Nanobiology
- Cancer Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84505 Bratislava
| | - Filip Razga
- Faculty of Medicine
- Comenius University
- 81372 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
- Selecta Biotech SE
| | - Veronika Nemethova
- Faculty of Medicine
- Comenius University
- 81372 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
- Selecta Biotech SE
| | - Petra Mazancova
- Faculty of Medicine
- Comenius University
- 81372 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
- Selecta Biotech SE
| | | | - Marta Novotova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology
- Biomedical Research Center
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84505 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Kristina Kopecka
- Department of Nanobiology
- Cancer Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84505 Bratislava
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Department of Nanobiology
- Cancer Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84505 Bratislava
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Department of Nanobiology
- Cancer Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84505 Bratislava
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18
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu Y. Thrombospondin-1: A Key Protein That Induces Fibrosis in Diabetic Complications. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8043135. [PMID: 32626782 PMCID: PMC7306092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis accompanies most common pathophysiological features of diabetes complications in different organs. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, the response to which contributes to inevitable organ injury. The extracellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a kind of extracellular glycoprotein, is upregulated by the increased activity of some transcription factors and results in fibrosis by activating multiple pathways in diabetes. The results of studies from our team and other colleagues indicate that TSP-1 is associated with the pathological process leading to diabetic complications and is considered to be the most important factor in fibrosis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of increased TSP-1 induced by hyperglycemia and the role of TSP-1 in fibrosis during the development of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
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19
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Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. The role of CD47 in pathogenesis and treatment of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2479-2494. [PMID: 30392076 PMCID: PMC6677644 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a process defined by the temporary loss of blood flow and tissue perfusion followed later by restoration of the same. Brief periods of IR can be tolerated with little permanent deficit, but sensitivity varies for different target cells and tissues. Ischemia reperfusion injuries have multiple causes including peripheral vascular disease and surgical interventions that disrupt soft tissue and organ perfusion as occurs in general and reconstructive surgery. Ischemia reperfusion injury is especially prominent in organ transplantation where substantial effort has been focused on protecting the transplanted organ from the consequences of IR. A number of factors mediate IR injury including the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cell infiltration and activation. In the kidney, IR injury is a major cause of acute injury and secondary loss of renal function. Transplant-initiated renal IR is also a stimulus for innate and adaptive immune-mediated transplant dysfunction. The cell surface molecule CD47 negatively modulates cell and tissue responses to stress through limitation of specific homeostatic pathways and initiation of cell death pathways. Herein, a summary of the maladaptive activities of renal CD47 will be considered as well as the possible therapeutic benefit of interfering with CD47 to limit renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Corresponding author: David D. Roberts, , 301-480-4368
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20
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Protective effect of high levels of TGF-β1 cytokine and its corresponding allele at C-509T locus in Punjabi ESRD population. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin 1 and Its Diverse Roles as a Regulator of Extracellular Matrix in Fibrotic Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:683-699. [PMID: 31116066 PMCID: PMC6713974 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419851103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein that has diverse roles in regulating cellular processes important for the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We will present evidence for the importance of TSP1 control of latent transforming growth factor beta activation in renal fibrosis with an emphasis on diabetic nephropathy. Other functions of TSP1 that affect renal fibrosis, including regulation of inflammation and capillary density, will be addressed. Emerging roles for TSP1 N-terminal domain regulation of collagen matrix assembly, direct effects of TSP1-collagen binding, and intracellular functions of TSP1 in mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, which could potentially affect renal fibrogenesis, will also be discussed. Finally, we will address possible strategies for targeting TSP1 functions to treat fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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22
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Ramzy MM, Abdalla AM, Zenhom NM, Okasha AM, Abdelkafy AE, Saleh RK. Therapeutic effect of liraglutide on expression of CTGF and BMP-7 in induced diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17512-17519. [PMID: 31127659 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the critical complications of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of chronic renal dysfunction. The pathogenic mechanism causing the disease remains unclear and there is a lack of effective treatment methods so novel strategies are needed for DN management. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue and its underlying mechanisms on induced DN in rats MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into control group, diabetic group, and liraglutide-treated group. At the end of experiment, renal CTGF and BMP-7 messeger RNA expression were determined. Blood sugar, serum urea, and creatinine were measured. Also, histopathological changes were studied. RESULTS Liraglutide can improve renal alterations associated with diabetes as it reduced CTGF expression and increased BMP-7 expression. In the same time, it could improve histopathological changes and renal function tests. CONCLUSION These findings influence the beneficial use of liraglutide for the management of DN in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M Ramzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Okasha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Aya E Abdelkafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Rabeh K Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
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23
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MicroRNAs in the Progress of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3513179. [PMID: 30984273 PMCID: PMC6431481 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3513179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature to evaluate the different outcomes of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diabetic nephropathy (DN), including urinary albumin excretion rates, urinary albumin creatinine rates, glomerular filtration rate, HbAc1, and creatinine. Methods Electronic databases including PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched for eligible publications to July 2018. The following comparisons between treatment groups were included: normal group versus DN group; control group versus micro/macroalbuminuria group. Results Twelve eligible studies that included 2500 participants were finally recruited in this meta-analysis. Fifteen miRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-181b, miRNA-194, miRNA-30, miRNA-215, and others) were upregulated whereas seven miRNAs (miRNA-26a, miRNA-126, miRNA-424, miRNA-574-3p, miR-223, miR-155, and miR-192) were downregulated in the DN group compared with control groups. The miR-133b, miR-342, miR-30, miR-192, miR-194, and miR-215 were significantly correlated in urinary albumin excretion rates (r=0.33, 95% CI= 0.26-0.39). miR-192, miR-217, miR-15b, miR-34a, and miR-636 were correlated with urinary albumin creatinine rates (r=0.69; 95% CI=0.12-0.92), while miR-133b, miR-345, miR-33, miR-326, miR-574-3p, miR-126, miR-217, miR-15b, miR-34a, and miR-636 were significantly correlated with HbAc1 (r =0.23, 95% CI = 0.15-0.31). There were twelve miRNAs that were closely related to the glomerular filtration rate (r=0.28, 95% CI =0.21-0.34). Creatinine (r=0.33, 95% CI = 0.22-0.40) was significantly different between normal and DN groups. Conclusions The meta-analysis acquired the correlations between miRNAs and outcomes including UAER, UACR, eGFR, HbAc1, and creatinine in DN. It suggested that miRNAs may participate in the pathogenesis of DN process.
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Deng X, Sun L, Lai X, Xiang L, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhang L, Sun S. Tea Polypeptide Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy through RAGE and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11957-11967. [PMID: 30354109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is a key determinant of mortality in diabetic patients. Developing new therapeutic drugs which can not only control T2D but also prevent the development of DN is of great significance. We studied the therapeutic potential of Cuiyu tea polypeptides (TP), natural bioactive peptides isolated from a type of green tea, against DN and its underlying molecular mechanisms. TP (1000 mg/kg bw/day, p.o.) administration for 5 weeks significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose by 52.04 ± 9.23% in the high fat diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced (30 mg/kg bw) diabetic mice. Compared to the model group, the serum insulin level of the TP group was decreased by 25.54 ± 6.06%, while at the same time, the HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and lipid levels showed different degrees of recovery ( p < 0.05). Moreover, in TP group mice the total urinary protein, creatinine, and urine nitrogen, all which can reflect the damage degree of the glomerular filtration function to a certain extent, dramatically declined by 34.51 ± 2.65%, 42.24 ± 15.24%, and 80.30 ± 6.01% compared to the model group, respectively. Mechanistically, TP stimulated the polyol PKCζ/JNK/NF-κB/TNF-α/iNOS and AGEs/RAGE/TGF-β1 pathways, upregulated the expression of podocin in the glomeruli, and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results strongly indicate the therapeutic potential of TP against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Deng
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Limin Xiang
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization , Dafeng Road No. 6 , Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Lee E, Lee HS. Peroxidase expression is decreased by palmitate in cultured podocytes but increased in podocytes of advanced diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9060-9069. [PMID: 30132841 PMCID: PMC6686159 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes. Palmitic acid (PA) is the predominant circulating saturated FFA. PA induces mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O
2) generation in cultured podocytes. To elucidate the role of PA in antioxidant defense systems in diabetic nephropathy (DN), cultured podocytes were exposed to 250 μM PA for 1–24 hr, and protein expressions of catalase, peroxiredoxins (Prxs), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were examined by western blot analysis. PA induced an early transient increase in the Prx1, Prx2, and GPx1 levels in podocytes, but not catalase. Long‐term exposure of PA to podocytes significantly decreased the protein levels of Prx1, Prx2, GPx1, and catalase. Coincubation of PA‐treated cells with oleic acid, however, restored the expression of these proteins. In advanced human diabetic glomeruli, H2O2 generation was elevated as shown by increased fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein. Strong immunostaining for Prx1, Prx2, GPx1, and catalase was observed in the podocytes of advanced human DN, wherein transforming growth factor‐β1 staining was also positive. These results suggest that podocytes are susceptible to PA‐induced oxidative damage with impaired peroxidase activity and that peroxidases have futile antioxidant effects in the podocytes in the late stages of DN. Given this, PA‐induced podocyte injury via inadequate peroxidase response to H2O2 appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Renal Pathology Lab, Hankook Kidney and Diabetes Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soon Lee
- Renal Pathology Lab, Hankook Kidney and Diabetes Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Suto MJ. Thrombospondin-1 regulation of latent TGF-β activation: A therapeutic target for fibrotic disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:28-43. [PMID: 29288716 PMCID: PMC6015530 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central player in fibrotic disease. Clinical trials with global inhibitors of TGF-β have been disappointing, suggesting that a more targeted approach is warranted. Conversion of the latent precursor to the biologically active form of TGF-β represents a novel approach to selectively modulating TGF-β in disease, as mechanisms employed to activate latent TGF-β are typically cell, tissue, and/or disease specific. In this review, we will discuss the role of the matricellular protein, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), in regulation of latent TGF-β activation and the use of an antagonist of TSP-1 mediated TGF-β activation in a number of diverse fibrotic diseases. In particular, we will discuss the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway in fibrotic complications of diabetes, liver fibrosis, and in multiple myeloma. We will also discuss emerging evidence for a role for TSP-1 in arterial remodeling, biomechanical modulation of TGF-β activity, and in immune dysfunction. As TSP-1 expression is upregulated by factors induced in fibrotic disease, targeting the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway potentially represents a more selective approach to controlling TGF-β activity in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
| | - Mark J Suto
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States
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27
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. Given the increasing incidence of diabetes, many experts hold the view that DN will eventually progress toward pandemic proportions. Whilst hyperglycaemia-induced vascular dysfunction is the primary initiating mechanism in DN, its progression is also driven by a heterogeneous set of pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Current treatment strategies for DN are targeted against the fundamental dysregulation of glycaemia and hypertension. Unfortunately, these standards of care can delay but do not prevent disease progression or the significant emotional, physical and financial costs associated with this disease. As such, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutics that are both effective and safe. Set against the genomic era, numerous potential target pathways in DN have been identified. However, the clinical translation of basic DN research has been met with a number of challenges. Moreover, the notion of DN as a purely vascular disease is outdated and it has become clear that DN is a multi-dimensional, multi-cellular condition. The review will highlight the current therapeutic approaches for DN and provide an insight into how the inherent complexity of DN is shaping the research pathways toward the development and clinical translation of novel therapeutic strategies.
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28
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Li J, Yan Y, Li D, Li X, Lin X, Liu Z, Xu T, Du F. Nephroprotective effects of diacylglycerol on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1918-1926. [PMID: 29434785 PMCID: PMC5776634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) has been reported to reduce the serum lipid and glucose levels more effectively compared with triacylglycerol (TAG). The present study examined the long-term effects of dietary DAG on rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). The type 2 DN model was established by administering a high-fat and high-calorie diet along with an intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg body weight streptozocin, and the disease developed over the following 8 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats were then randomly divided into the control, TAG, low-dose DAG (Low-DAG) and high-dose DAG (High-DAG) groups. Blood glucose (BG), lipid levels and renal function parameters were then measured. The results revealed that the body weight in the High-DAG group was significantly reduced compared with the TAG group, while there was no significant difference in the food intake between TAG and DAG groups. BG, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), TAG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urine protein and urine albumin levels were significantly reduced, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the two DAG groups. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin stained glomeruli presented decreased glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion in the DAG groups. Immunohistochemical detection revealed that the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor in renal tissues of the DAG groups were also significantly reduced compared with the TAG group. These findings indicate that DAG oils can significantly reduce BG levels and the deposition of AGEs in renal tissue, as well as regulate the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor, thus delaying the progression of nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Yan
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Duo Li
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Lin
- School of Public Health, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China.,School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Fangling Du
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep Processing, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
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29
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Maier M, Baldwin C, Aoudjit L, Takano T. The Role of Trio, a Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, in Glomerular Podocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020479. [PMID: 29415466 PMCID: PMC5855701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease featured by heavy proteinuria. It is caused by injury to the specialized epithelial cells called “podocytes” within the filtration unit of the kidney, glomerulus. Previous studies showed that hyperactivation of the RhoGTPase, Rac1, in podocytes causes podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis (accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomerulus). However, the mechanism by which Rac1 is activated during podocyte injury is unknown. Trio is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) known to activate Rac1. By RNA-sequencing, we found that Trio mRNA is abundantly expressed in cultured human podocytes. Trio mRNA was also significantly upregulated in humans with minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, two representative causes of nephrotic syndrome. Reduced expression of Trio in cultured human podocytes decreased basal Rac1 activity, cell size, attachment to laminin, and motility. Furthermore, while the pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor β1 increased Rac1 activity in control cells, it decreases Rac1 activity in cells with reduced Trio expression. This was likely due to simultaneous activation of the Rac1-GTPase activation protein, CdGAP. Thus, Trio is important in the basal functions of podocytes and may also contribute to glomerular pathology, such as sclerosis, via Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Maier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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30
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Schwalm S, Beyer S, Frey H, Haceni R, Grammatikos G, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Schaefer L, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingosine Kinase-2 Deficiency Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis by Up-Regulating Smad7 in a Mouse Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2413-2429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Roberts DD, Kaur S, Isenberg JS. Regulation of Cellular Redox Signaling by Matricellular Proteins in Vascular Biology, Immunology, and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:874-911. [PMID: 28712304 PMCID: PMC5653149 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to structural elements of the extracellular matrix, matricellular proteins appear transiently during development and injury responses, but their sustained expression can contribute to chronic disease. Through interactions with other matrix components and specific cell surface receptors, matricellular proteins regulate multiple signaling pathways, including those mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and H2S. Dysregulation of matricellular proteins contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and cancer. Defining the molecular mechanisms and receptors involved is revealing new therapeutic opportunities. Recent Advances: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) regulates NO, H2S, and superoxide production and signaling in several cell types. The TSP1 receptor CD47 plays a central role in inhibition of NO signaling, but other TSP1 receptors also modulate redox signaling. The matricellular protein CCN1 engages some of the same receptors to regulate redox signaling, and ADAMTS1 regulates NO signaling in Marfan syndrome. In addition to mediating matricellular protein signaling, redox signaling is emerging as an important pathway that controls the expression of several matricellular proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES Redox signaling remains unexplored for many matricellular proteins. Their interactions with multiple cellular receptors remains an obstacle to defining signaling mechanisms, but improved transgenic models could overcome this barrier. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therapeutics targeting the TSP1 receptor CD47 may have beneficial effects for treating cardiovascular disease and cancer and have recently entered clinical trials. Biomarkers are needed to assess their effects on redox signaling in patients and to evaluate how these contribute to their therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 874-911.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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32
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Tong F. Preparation of exenatide-loaded linear poly(ethylene glycol)-brush poly(l-lysine) block copolymer: potential implications on diabetic nephropathy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4663-4678. [PMID: 28721043 PMCID: PMC5500490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(ethylene glycol)-b-brush poly(l-lysine) polymer (PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3)) was synthesized and evaluated as a nanocarrier for prolonging delivery of exenatide through the abdominal subcutaneous injection route. The isoelectric point of exenatide was 4.86, and exenatide could combine with PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3) polymers via electrostatic interactions at pH 7.4. This polymer was a good candidate for achieving prolonged drug delivery for exenatide, considering its high molecular weight. Besides the physicochemical characterization of the polymer, in vitro and in vivo applications were researched as a sustained exenatide delivery system. In the in vitro release research, 20.16%-76.88% of total exenatide was released from the PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3) polymer within 7 days. The synthesized block-brush polymers and exenatide-block-brush polymers were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size instrument, and scanning electron microscopy. The best formulation was selected for in vivo experimentation to achieve blood glucose control in diabetic rat models using free exenatide as the control. The hypoglycemic action of the formulation following subcutaneous injection in diabetic rats lasted 7 days, and the results indicated that exenatide-block-brush polymers demonstrate enhanced long-acting hypoglycemic action. Besides the hypoglycemic action, exenatide-block-brush polymers significantly alleviated diabetic nephropathy via improving renal function, decreasing oxidative stress injury, decreasing urinary albumin excretion rate, mitigating albumin/creatinine ratio, reducing blood lipids, abating kidney index, weakening apoptosis, and downregulating expression of connective tissue growth factor. All of the results suggested that PEG-b-(PELG50-g-PLL3) polymers could be used as potential exenatide nanocarriers, with efficient encapsulation and sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Chen S, Dong C, Qian X, Huang S, Feng Y, Ye X, Miao H, You Q, Lu Y, Ding D. Microarray analysis of long noncoding RNA expression patterns in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:569-576. [PMID: 28007334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in various biological processes and human diseases. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We explored the potential functions of lncRNAs in DN. METHODS We established a mouse model of DN and compared lncRNA expression patterns between DN model and db/m control mouse kidney tissues using microarray analysis. lncRNA function was predicted by gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of lncRNAs-coexpressed mRNAs. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR was used for validation. Cis- and trans-regulation analyses were conducted to reveal potential relationships between lncRNAs and their target genes. RESULTS In DN, 311 lncRNAs were dysregulated. LncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs were mainly targeted to golgi apparatus (ontology: cellular component), catalytic activity (ontology: molecular function), and mitotic nuclear division (ontology: biological process), and were mostly enriched in glutathione metabolism signaling. One hundred forty-seven lncRNAs were regarded as cis-regulatory. Several groups of lncRNAs may participate in biological pathways related to DN via trans-regulation of protein-coding genes. CONCLUSION Hundreds of lncRNAs are dysregulated in DN. These lncRNAs might be involved in the pathogenesis of DN by modulating multiple molecular pathways. Our findings provide potential candidate biomarkers for predicting or diagnosing DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chenglong Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yamin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China
| | - Xiaolong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China
| | - Heng Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China
| | - Yibing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China.
| | - Dafa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China.
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Lacava V, Pellicanò V, Ferrajolo C, Cernaro V, Visconti L, Conti G, Buemi M, Santoro D. Novel avenues for treating diabetic nephropathy: new investigational drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:445-462. [PMID: 28277032 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1293039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Lacava
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Ferrajolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Visconti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Buemi
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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35
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Johnson BG, Ren S, Karaca G, Gomez IG, Fligny C, Smith B, Ergun A, Locke G, Gao B, Hayes S, MacDonnell S, Duffield JS. Connective Tissue Growth Factor Domain 4 Amplifies Fibrotic Kidney Disease through Activation of LDL Receptor-Related Protein 6. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1769-1782. [PMID: 28130402 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matrix-associated protein with four distinct cytokine binding domains, has roles in vasculogenesis, wound healing responses, and fibrogenesis and is upregulated in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in disease. Here, we investigated the role of CTGF in fibrogenic cells. In mice, tissue-specific inducible overexpression of CTGF by kidney pericytes and fibroblasts had no bearing on nephrogenesis or kidney homeostasis but exacerbated inflammation and fibrosis after ureteral obstruction. These effects required the WNT receptor LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). Additionally, pericytes isolated from these mice became hypermigratory and hyperproliferative on overexpression of CTGF. CTGF is cleaved in vivo into distinct domains. Treatment with recombinant domain 1, 1+2 (N terminus), or 4 (C terminus) independently activated myofibroblast differentiation and wound healing responses in cultured pericytes, but domain 4 showed the broadest profibrotic activity. Domain 4 exhibited low-affinity binding to LRP6 in in vitro binding assays, and inhibition of LRP6 or critical signaling cascades downstream of LRP6, including JNK and WNT/β-catenin, inhibited the biologic activity of domain 4. Administration of blocking antibodies specifically against CTGF domain 4 or recombinant Dickkopf-related protein-1, an endogenous inhibitor of LRP6, effectively inhibited inflammation and fibrosis associated with ureteral obstruction in vivo Therefore, domain 4 of CTGF and the WNT signaling pathway are important new targets in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce G Johnson
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Pathology and.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Shuyu Ren
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts; .,Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Pathology and.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Gamze Karaca
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ivan G Gomez
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Pathology and.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Cécile Fligny
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Pathology and
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayla Ergun
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - George Locke
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Benbo Gao
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts; .,Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.,Pathology and.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
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The cellular and signalling alterations conducted by TGF-β contributing to renal fibrosis. Cytokine 2016; 88:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The coordinated roles of miR-26a and miR-30c in regulating TGFβ1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37492. [PMID: 27874055 PMCID: PMC5118685 DOI: 10.1038/srep37492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we compared the protective efficacies of miR-26a and miR-30c in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and determined whether they demonstrated additive effects in the attenuation of renal fibrosis. TGFβ1 suppressed miR-26a and miR-30c expression but up-regulated pro-fibrotic markers in NRK-52E cells, and these changes were also found in the kidney cortex of 40-week-old diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase assays further demonstrated that both miR-26a and miR-30c targeted connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); additionally, Snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), a potent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, was targeted by miR-30c. Overexpression of miR-26a and miR-30c coordinately decreased CTGF protein levels and subsequently ameliorated TGFβ1-induced EMT in NRK-52E cells. Co-silencing of miR-26a and miR-30c exhibited the opposite effect. Moreover, miR-26a and miR-30c co-silenced CTGF to decrease ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. Furthermore, miR-26a was up-regulated in urinary extracellular vesicles of diabetic nephropathy patients. Our study provides evidence for the cooperative roles of miR-26a and miR-30c in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, and the co-targeting of miR-26a and miR-30c could provide a new direction for diabetic nephropathy treatment.
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Sutariya B, Jhonsa D, Saraf MN. TGF-β: the connecting link between nephropathy and fibrosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:39-49. [PMID: 26849902 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1127382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the usual outcome of an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that frequently occurs in membranous and diabetic nephropathy. The result of renal fibrosis would be end-stage renal failure, which requires costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. Renal fibrosis typically results from chronic inflammation via production of several molecules, such as growth factors, angiogenic factors, fibrogenic cytokines, and proteinase. All of these factors can stimulate excessive accumulation of ECM components through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which results in renal fibrosis. Among these, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is proposed to be the major regulator in inducing EMT. Besides ECM protein synthesis, TGF-β is involved in hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis in renal cells. In particular, TGF-β is likely to be most potent and ubiquitous profibrotic factor acting through several intracellular signaling pathways including protein kinases and transcription factors. Factors that regulate TGF-β expression in renal cell include hyperglycemia, angiotensin II, advance glycation end products, complement activation (C5b-9), and oxidative stress. Over the past several years, the common understanding of the pathogenic factors that lead to renal fibrosis in nephropathy has improved considerably. This review will discuss the recent findings on the mechanisms and role of TGF-β in membranous and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Sutariya
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Dimple Jhonsa
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Madhusudan N Saraf
- a Department of Pharmacology , Bombay College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
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Jha JC, Banal C, Chow BSM, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:657-684. [PMID: 26906673 PMCID: PMC5069735 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the context of concomitant, insufficient antioxidant pathways. Renal ROS production in diabetes is predominantly mediated by various NADPH oxidases (NOXs), but a defective antioxidant system as well as mitochondrial dysfunction may also contribute. Recent Advances: Effective agents targeting the source of ROS generation hold the promise to rescue the kidney from oxidative damage and prevent subsequent progression of DKD. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In the present review, we summarize and critically analyze molecular and cellular mechanisms that have been demonstrated to be involved in NOX-induced renal injury in diabetes, with particular focus on the role of increased glomerular injury, the development of albuminuria, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, novel agents targeting NOX isoforms are discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 657-684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudine Banal
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryna S M Chow
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
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Akahoshi K, Tanaka S, Mogushi K, Shimada S, Matsumura S, Akiyama Y, Aihara A, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Ochiai T, Kudo A, Arii S, Tanabe M. Expression of connective tissue growth factor in the livers of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma patients with metabolic risk factors. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:910-22. [PMID: 26739296 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with metabolic risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, has been increasing. However, the underlying mechanism that links these diseases remains unclear. METHODS We performed genome-wide expression analysis of human liver tissues of non-viral HCC patients with or without metabolic risk factors. The upregulated genes that associated with diabetes and obesity were investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments, and immunohistochemistry of human liver tissues was performed. RESULTS Among the upregulated genes, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression was induced to a greater extent by combined glucose and insulin administration to human hepatoma cells. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed upregulation of a chemokine network in CTGF-overexpressing hepatoma cells, which displayed an increased ability to induce in vitro activation of macrophages, and in vivo infiltration of liver macrophages. Immunohistochemistry of human liver tissues validated the correlations between CTGF expression and diabetes or obesity as well as activation of liver macrophages in patients with non-viral HCC. Recurrence-free survival was significantly poorer in the CTGF-positive patients compared with the CTGF-negative patients (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis determined that CTGF expression (HR 2.361; 95 % CI 1.195-4.665; p = 0.013) and vascular invasion (HR 2.367; 95 % CI 1.270-4.410; p = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence of non-viral HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that CTGF could be involved in oncogenic pathways promoting non-viral HCC associated with metabolic risk factors via induction of liver inflammation and is expected to be a novel HCC risk biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. .,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Arihiro Aihara
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochiai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Arii
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bhattacharjee N, Barma S, Konwar N, Dewanjee S, Manna P. Mechanistic insight of diabetic nephropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:8-24. [PMID: 27568833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic complication of diabetes, is charecterized by glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis resulting in the loss of renal function. Although the exact cause of DN remains unclear, several mechanisms have been postulated, such as hyperglycemia-induced renal hyper filtration and renal injury, AGEs-induced increased oxidative stress, activated PKC-induced increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and different inflammatory and apoptotic signals. Among various factors, oxidative stress has been suggested to play a major role underlying the onset and propagation of DN. It triggers several signaling pathways involved in DN, like AGEs, PKC cascade, JAK/STAT signaling, MAPK, mTOR, and SMAD. Oxidative stress-induced activation of both inflammatory and apoptotic signals are two major problems in the pathogenesis of DN. The FDA approved pharmacotherapeutic agents affecting against polyol pathway principally include anti-oxidants, like α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Kremezin and benfotiamine are the FDA approved AGEs inhibitors, another therapeutic target against DN. Ruboxistaurin, telmizartan, rapamycin, fenofibrate, aliskiren, and manidipine are some FDA approved pharmacotherapeutics effective against DN via diverse mechanisms. Beside this, some therapeutic agents are still waiting for FDA approval and few drugs without FDA approval are also prescribed in some countries for the management of DN. Despite the medications available in the market to treat DN, the involvement of multiple mechanisms makes it difficult to choose an optimum therapeutic agent. Therefore, much research is required to find out new therapeutic agent/strategies for an adequate pharmacotherapy of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujata Barma
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nandita Konwar
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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Janickova Zdarska D, Zavadova E, Kvapil M. The Effect of Ramipril Therapy on Cytokines and Parameters of Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Int Med Res 2016; 35:374-83. [PMID: 17593866 DOI: 10.1177/147323000703500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other biochemical parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without incipient diabetic nephropathy (iDN) and compared them with healthy control subjects. We also measured the effect of 3 and 6 months of ramipril treatment in diabetes patients with iDN. Compared with healthy controls, TGF-β1 levels were increased in both groups of diabetes patients, whereas VEGF was only elevated in patients with iDN. Ramipril did not have a significant effect on TGF-β1 or VEGF levels. We observed a significant decrease in microalbuminuria and cystatin C following ramipril treatment. Increased VEGF levels in patients with iDN suggest a role for this cytokine in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Cystatin C would make a suitable marker for the screening and assessment of iDN, and for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Janickova Zdarska
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Motol, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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43
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Lytvyn Y, Bjornstad P, Pun N, Cherney DZI. New and old agents in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:232-9. [PMID: 26890303 PMCID: PMC5841607 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic nephropathy is a long-standing complication of diabetes mellitus and is responsible for more than 40% of end-stage renal disease cases in developed countries. Unfortunately, conventional renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor medications only partially protect against the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, RAAS inhibitors have failed as primary prevention therapy in type 1 diabetes. Thus, agents targeting alternative pathogenic mechanisms leading to diabetic nephropathy have been intensively investigated, which is the topic of this review. RECENT FINDINGS Promising emerging agents have targeted neurohormonal activation (alternative components of the RAAS and neprilysin inhibition), tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms (sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and incretin-based therapy) and renal inflammation/fibrosis. SUMMARY Evidence demonstrating the potential of these agents to protect and prevent progression of diabetic nephropathy is summarized in this review. There are dedicated clinical trials ongoing with these therapies, which have the potential to change the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Lytvyn
- aDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network bDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada cDepartment of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine dBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA *Drs Lytvyn, Bjornstad and Pun are the co-first authors of the article
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Wang J, Duan L, Guo T, Gao Y, Tian L, Liu J, Wang S, Yang J. Downregulation of miR-30c promotes renal fibrosis by target CTGF in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:406-14. [PMID: 26775556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in initiation and progression of many pathologic processes. However, the role of miR-30c in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. This study was to determine whether miR-30c was involved in the mechanism of renal fibrosis by inhibiting target CTGF expression in DN. In this study, In Situ Hybridization(ISH), RT-PCR, cell transfection, western blotting and laser confocal telescope were used, respectively. ISH showed that miR-30c, concentrated in cytoplasmic foci in the proximity of the nucleus, was mainly localized in glomerular and renal tubular epithelial cells within the cortex. RT-PCR showed that miR-30c expression was significantly decreased in DN (p<0.05), consistent with of the results of ISH. Luciferase reporter gene assays showed that CTGF was a validated target of miR-30c. Furthermore, miR-30c overexpression directly decreased CTGF mRNA and protein. Conversely, miR-30c inhibitor enhanced CTGF expression. Interestingly, miR-30c expression was negatively correlated with ACR (r=-0.870, P=0.003) and positively correlated with Ccr (r=0.8230, P=0.01), whereas it was uncorrelated with KW/BW, SBP, HbA1C, HOMR-IR and T-Cho (p>0.05). More importantly, miR-30c mimics significantly decreased col-IV, FN, GSI, GBM, GA, MRA/CLA and ACR (p<0.05) and, in contrast, slightly but significantly increased Ccr (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that loss of miR-30c may contribute to the pathogenesis of DN by inhibiting target CTGF expression; replenishing miR-30c may ameliorate renal structure and function by reducing renal fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Lijun Duan
- Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Metabolic Disease Center, School of Traditional Chinese medical, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial People's hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Endocrine and metabolism, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shaocheng Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Delić D, Eisele C, Schmid R, Baum P, Wiech F, Gerl M, Zimdahl H, Pullen SS, Urquhart R. Urinary Exosomal miRNA Signature in Type II Diabetic Nephropathy Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150154. [PMID: 26930277 PMCID: PMC4773074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA species which are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. miRNAs are present in urine in a remarkably stable form packaged in extracellular vesicles, predominantly exosomes. In the present study, urinary exosomal miRNA profiling was conducted in urinary exosomes obtained from 8 healthy controls (C), 8 patients with type II diabetes (T2D) and 8 patients with type II diabetic nephropathy (DN) using Agilent´s miRNA microarrays. In total, the expression of 16 miRNA species was deregulated (>2-fold) in DN patients compared to healthy donors and T2D patients: the expression of 14 miRNAs (miR-320c, miR-6068, miR-1234-5p, miR-6133, miR-4270, miR-4739, miR-371b-5p, miR-638, miR-572, miR-1227-5p, miR-6126, miR-1915-5p, miR-4778-5p and miR-2861) was up-regulated whereas the expression of 2 miRNAs (miR-30d-5p and miR-30e-5p) was down-regulated. Most of the deregulated miRNAs are involved in progression of renal diseases. Deregulation of urinary exosomal miRNAs occurred in micro-albuminuric DN patients but not in normo-albuminuric DN patients. We used qRT-PCR based analysis of the most strongly up-regulated miRNAs in urinary exosomes from DN patients, miRNAs miR-320c and miR-6068. The correlation of miRNA expression and micro-albuminuria levels could be replicated in a confirmation cohort. In conclusion, urinary exosomal miRNA content is altered in type II diabetic patients with DN. Deregulated miR-320c, which might have an impact on the TGF-β-signaling pathway via targeting thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) shows promise as a novel candidate marker for disease progression in type II DN that should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Delić
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Eisele
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Ramona Schmid
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Baum
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Franziska Wiech
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Gerl
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- R&D Project Management, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorferstr.65, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Steven S. Pullen
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877–0368, United States of America
| | - Richard Urquhart
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877–0368, United States of America
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46
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New molecular insights in diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:373-87. [PMID: 26759327 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents one of the major causes of functional kidney impairment. The review highlights the most significant steps made over the last decades in understanding the molecular basis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which may provide reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis, along with new molecular targets for personalized medicine. There is an increased interest in developing new therapeutic strategies to slow DN progression for improving patients' quality of life and reducing all-cause morbidity and disease-associated mortality. It is highly important to have a science-based medical attitude when facing diabetic patients with associated comorbidities and risk of rapid evolution toward end-stage renal disease. The data discussed herein were mainly from MEDLINE and PubMed articles published in English from 1990 to 2015 and from up-to-date. The search term was "diabetic nephropathy and oxidative stress".
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47
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Jia Y, Guan M, Zheng Z, Zhang Q, Tang C, Xu W, Xiao Z, Wang L, Xue Y. miRNAs in Urine Extracellular Vesicles as Predictors of Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7932765. [PMID: 26942205 PMCID: PMC4749815 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7932765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-192, miR-194, and miR-215 are enriched in the kidney and play roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be detected in body fluids and may serve as disease biomarkers. METHODS Eighty type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria (n = 30), microalbuminuria (n = 30), or macroalbuminuria (n = 20), as well as 10 healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate urinary EV miRNAs expression. RESULTS The miR-192 levels were significantly higher than the miR-194 and miR-215 levels in urine EVs and all three miRNAs were significantly increased in the microalbuminuric group compared with the normoalbuminuric and control subjects but were decreased in the macroalbuminuric group. In patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, miR-192 was positively correlated with albuminuria (r = 0.357, P = 0.005) levels and transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1 (r = 0.356, P = 0.005) expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that miR-192 was better than miR-194 and miR-215 in discriminating the normoalbuminuric group from the microalbuminuric group. Exposure of human renal tubular epithelial cells to high glucose increased the expression of both miRNAs in cellular supernatant EVs, indicating a potential source. CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of urinary EV miR-192 as a biomarker of the early stage of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Meiping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhizhou Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- *Yaoming Xue:
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48
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Koulis C, Watson A, Gray S, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Linking RAGE and Nox in diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:272-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zeng R, Duan L, Sun L, Kong Y, Yang K. Effect of triptolide on expression of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor-β1 in renal tubular cells. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1039-43. [PMID: 25945607 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study is to investigate the effect of triptolide on expression of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor β1 in renal tubular cells. Human renal tubular epithelial cells were stimulated by different concentrations of triptolide (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) in the presence of angiotensin-II (10(-7)mol/L). Real Time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor β1. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression. ELISA was used to detect the level of total and active transforming growth factor β1. The mRNA expression of thrombospondin-1 (3.66 ± 0.48 vs. 1.33 ± 0.26, p < 0.05) and transforming growth factor β1 (3.58 ± 0.59 vs. 1.26 ± 0.28, p < 0.05) were up-regulated obviously when stimulated by angiotensin-II. And the protein expression of thrombospondin-1 (0.5126 ± 0.0936 vs. 0.1025 ± 0.0761, p < 0.01) and transforming growth factor β1 (0.5948 ± 0.0736 vs. 0.1318 ± 0.0614, p < 0.01) were also up-regulated simultaneously when stimulated by angiotensin-II. The expression of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor β1 induced by angiotensin-II were down-regulated markedly with 1 μg/L and 10 μg/L of triptolide in mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). And triptolide (1 and 10 μg/L) could reduce the expression of total and active transforming growth factor β1 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). In conclusion, triptolide can inhibit the expression of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor β1 in mRNA and protein levels and down-regulate the levels of total and active transforming growth factor β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zeng
- a Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China .,b Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China .,c The Second Clinical Medicine College of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China , and
| | - Lei Duan
- a Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China .,b Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China .,c The Second Clinical Medicine College of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China , and
| | - Lina Sun
- d The First Clinical Medicine College of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Yuke Kong
- c The Second Clinical Medicine College of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China , and
| | - Kehu Yang
- a Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China .,b Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
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50
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Gerritsen KGF, Leeuwis JW, Koeners MP, Bakker SJL, van Oeveren W, Aten J, Tarnow L, Rossing P, Wetzels JFM, Joles JA, Kok RJ, Goldschmeding R, Nguyen TQ. Elevated Urinary Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy Is Caused by Local Production and Tubular Dysfunction. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:539787. [PMID: 26171399 PMCID: PMC4485941 DOI: 10.1155/2015/539787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; CCN2) plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Urinary CTGF (uCTGF) is elevated in DN patients and has been proposed as a biomarker for disease progression, but it is unknown which pathophysiological factors contribute to elevated uCTGF. We studied renal handling of CTGF by infusion of recombinant CTGF in diabetic mice. In addition, uCTGF was measured in type 1 DN patients and compared with glomerular and tubular dysfunction and damage markers. In diabetic mice, uCTGF was increased and fractional excretion (FE) of recombinant CTGF was substantially elevated indicating reduced tubular reabsorption. FE of recombinant CTGF correlated with excretion of endogenous CTGF. CTGF mRNA was mainly localized in glomeruli and medullary tubules. Comparison of FE of endogenous and recombinant CTGF indicated that 60% of uCTGF had a direct renal source, while 40% originated from plasma CTGF. In DN patients, uCTGF was independently associated with markers of proximal and distal tubular dysfunction and damage. In conclusion, uCTGF in DN is elevated as a result of both increased local production and reduced reabsorption due to tubular dysfunction. We submit that uCTGF is a biomarker reflecting both glomerular and tubulointerstitial hallmarks of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin G. F. Gerritsen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Leeuwis
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten P. Koeners
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Jack F. M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robbert Jan Kok
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Q. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Tri Q. Nguyen:
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