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Waldrop SW, Niemiec S, Wood C, Gyllenhammer LE, Jansson T, Friedman JE, Tryggestad JB, Borengasser SJ, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Kechris K, Dabelea D, Boyle KE. Cord blood DNA methylation of immune and lipid metabolism genes is associated with maternal triglycerides and child adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:187-199. [PMID: 37869908 PMCID: PMC10872762 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal exposures may impact offspring epigenetic signatures and adiposity. The authors hypothesized that maternal metabolic traits associate with cord blood DNA methylation, which, in turn, associates with child adiposity. METHODS Fasting serum was obtained in 588 pregnant women (27-34 weeks' gestation), and insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were measured. Cord blood DNA methylation and child adiposity were measured at birth, 4-6 months, and 4-6 years. The association of maternal metabolic traits with DNA methylation (429,246 CpGs) for differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) was tested. The association of the first principal component of each DMR with child adiposity was tested, and mediation analysis was performed. RESULTS Maternal triglycerides were associated with the most DMPs and DMRs of all traits tested (261 and 198, respectively, false discovery rate < 0.05). DMRs were near genes involved in immune function and lipid metabolism. Triglyceride-associated CpGs were associated with child adiposity at 4-6 months (32 CpGs) and 4-6 years (2 CpGs). One, near CD226, was observed at both timepoints, mediating 10% and 22% of the relationship between maternal triglycerides and child adiposity at 4-6 months and 4-6 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation may play a role in the association of maternal triglycerides and child adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Waldrop
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sierra Niemiec
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Lauren E. Gyllenhammer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jeanie B. Tryggestad
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO USA
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Jiang Y, Zhang R, Guo JQ, Qian LL, Ji JJ, Wu Y, Ji ZJ, Yang ZW, Zhang Y, Chen X, Ma GS, Yao YY. Identification of major hub genes involved in high-fat diet-induced obese visceral adipose tissue based on bioinformatics approach. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2169227. [PMID: 36654490 PMCID: PMC9897782 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2169227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) can cause obesity, inducing dysregulation of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to explore potential biological pathways and hub genes involved in obese VAT, and for that, bioinformatic analysis of multiple datasets was performed. The expression profiles (GSE30247, GSE167311 and GSE79434) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Overlapping differentially expressed genes (ODEGs) between normal diet and HFD groups in GSE30247 and GSE167311 were selected to run protein-protein interaction network, GO and KEGG analysis. The hub genes in ODEGs were screened by Cytoscape software and further verified in GSE79434 and obese mouse model. A total of 747 ODEGs (599 up-regulated and 148 down-regulated) were screened, and the GO and KEGG analysis showed that the up-regulated ODEGs were significantly enriched in inflammatory response and extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathways. On the other hand, the down-regulated ODEGs were involved in metabolic pathways; however, there were no significant KEGG pathways. Furthermore, six hub genes, Mki67, Rac2, Itgb2, Emr1, Tyrobp and Csf1r were acquired. These pathways and genes were verified in GSE79434 and VAT of obese mice. This study revealed that HFD induced VAT expansion, inflammation and fibrosis, and the hub genes could be used as therapeutic biomarkers in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Lin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Jun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing First People’s Hospital of Anhui Province, Anqing, P. R. China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China,CONTACT Yu-Yu Yao Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Dou J, Thangaraj SV, Puttabyatappa M, Elangovan VR, Bakulski K, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific regulation of non-coding RNAs and their relation to coding RNA expression in prenatal testosterone and prenatal bisphenol-A -treated female sheep. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 564:111868. [PMID: 36708980 PMCID: PMC10069610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate developmental exposure to steroids is linked to metabolic disorders. Prenatal testosterone excess or bisphenol A (BPA, an environmental estrogen mimic) leads to insulin resistance and adipocyte disruptions in female lambs. Adipocytes are key regulators of insulin sensitivity. Metabolic tissue-specific differences in insulin sensitivity coupled with adipose depot-specific changes in key mRNAs, were previously observed with prenatal steroid exposure. We hypothesized that depot-specific changes in the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) - regulators of gene expression would account for the direction of changes seen in mRNAs. Non-coding RNA (lncRNA, miRNA, snoRNA, snRNA) from various adipose depots of prenatal testosterone and BPA-treated animals were sequenced. Adipose depot-specific changes in the ncRNA that are consistent with the depot-specific mRNA expression in terms of directionality of changes and functional implications in insulin resistance, adipocyte differentiation and cardiac hypertrophy were found. Importantly, the adipose depot-specific ncRNA changes were model-specific and mutually exclusive, suggestive of different regulatory entry points in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Higgins CB, Adams JA, Ward MH, Greenberg ZJ, Milewska M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Dong Q, Ballentine S, Li W, Wandzik I, Schuettpelz LG, DeBosch BJ. The tetraspanin transmembrane protein CD53 mediates dyslipidemia and integrates inflammatory and metabolic signaling in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102835. [PMID: 36581203 PMCID: PMC9900517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane signaling and proinflammatory proteins. Prior work demonstrates that the tetraspanin, CD53/TSPAN25/MOX44, mediates B-cell development and lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. However, CD53 is also expressed in highly metabolic tissues, including adipose and liver; yet its function outside the lymphoid compartment is not defined. Here, we show that CD53 demarcates the nutritional and inflammatory status of hepatocytes. High-fat exposure and inflammatory stimuli induced CD53 in vivo in liver and isolated primary hepatocytes. In contrast, restricting hepatocyte glucose flux through hepatocyte glucose transporter 8 deletion or through trehalose treatment blocked CD53 induction in fat- and fructose-exposed contexts. Furthermore, germline CD53 deletion in vivo blocked Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic inflammatory transcriptomic activation. Surprisingly, metabolic protection in CD53 KO mice was more pronounced in the presence of an inciting inflammatory event. CD53 deletion attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced and fatty acid + lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression and hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in isolated murine hepatocytes. In vivo, CD53 deletion in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diet-fed mice blocked peripheral adipose accumulation and adipose inflammation, insulin tolerance, and liver lipid accumulation. We then defined a stabilized and trehalase-resistant trehalose polymer that blocks hepatocyte CD53 expression in basal and over-fed contexts. The data suggest that CD53 integrates inflammatory and metabolic signals in response to hepatocyte nutritional status and that CD53 blockade may provide a means by which to attenuate pathophysiology in diseases that integrate overnutrition and inflammation, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew H Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zev J Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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6
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Wright K, Nip KM, Kim JE, Cheng KM, Birol I. Seasonal and sex-dependent gene expression in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) fat tissues. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9419. [PMID: 35676317 PMCID: PMC9177602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) farming has been gaining wide interest for fat production. Oil rendered from this large flightless bird’s fat is valued for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for uses in therapeutics and cosmetics. We analyzed the seasonal and sex-dependent differentially expressed (DE) genes involved in fat metabolism in emus. Samples were taken from back and abdominal fat tissues of a single set of four male and four female emus in April, June, and November for RNA-sequencing. We found 100 DE genes (47 seasonally in males; 34 seasonally in females; 19 between sexes). Seasonally DE genes with significant difference between the sexes in gene ontology terms suggested integrin beta chain-2 (ITGB2) influences fat changes, in concordance with earlier studies. Six seasonally DE genes functioned in more than two enriched pathways (two female: angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL); four male: lumican (LUM), osteoglycin (OGN), aldolase B (ALDOB), and solute carrier family 37 member 2 (SLC37A2)). Two sexually DE genes, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), had functional investigations supporting their influence on fat gain and loss. The results suggested these nine genes influence fat metabolism and deposition in emus.
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7
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Choi KJ, Lee JH, Park SB, Na YJ, Jung WH, Lee H, Kim KY. Development of in vitro three-dimensional drug screening system for obesity-related metabolic syndrome. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:377-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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8
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Morales-Valencia J, David G. The Contribution of Physiological and Accelerated Aging to Cancer Progression Through Senescence-Induced Inflammation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747822. [PMID: 34621683 PMCID: PMC8490756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are found to accumulate in aged individuals, as well as in cancer patients that receive chemotherapeutic treatment. Although originally believed to halt cancer progression due to their characteristic growth arrest, senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete a combination of inflammatory agents, growth factors and proteases, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the contribution of senescent cells to cancer progression through their ability to alter cancer cells’ properties and to generate a microenvironment that promotes tumor growth. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that senescent cells are able resume proliferation and drive cancer relapse, pointing to the use of senolytics and SASP modulators as a potential approach to prevent tumor resurgence following treatment cessation. Thus, a better understanding of the hallmarks of senescence and the impact of the SASP will allow the development of improved targeted therapeutic strategies to leverage vulnerabilities associated with this cellular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Lu Z, Meng L, Sun Z, Shi X, Shao W, Zheng Y, Yao X, Song J. Differentially Expressed Genes and Enriched Signaling Pathways in the Adipose Tissue of Obese People. Front Genet 2021; 12:620740. [PMID: 34093637 PMCID: PMC8175074 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.620740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity increases, so does the occurrence of obesity-related complications, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. Increased adipose tissue is the main cause of harm in obesity. To better understand obesity and its related complications, we analyzed the mRNA expression profiles of adipose tissues from 126 patients with obesity and 275 non-obese controls. Using an integrated bioinformatics method, we explored the functions of 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between them. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that upregulated DEGs were enriched in immune cell chemotaxis, complement-related cascade activation, and various inflammatory signaling pathways, while downregulated DEGs enriched in nutrient metabolism. The CIBERSORT algorithm indicated that an increase in macrophages may be the main cause of adipose tissue inflammation, while decreased γδ T cells reduce sympathetic action, leading to dysregulation of adipocyte thermogenesis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and the top 10 hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape. All were confirmed to be obesity-related using a separate dataset. In addition, we identified chemicals related to these hub genes that may contribute to obesity. In conclusion, we have successfully identified several hub genes in the development of obesity, which provide insights into the possible mechanisms controlling obesity and its related complications, as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingbing Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghai Song
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ahmad S, Drag MH, Salleh SM, Cai Z, Nielsen MO. Transcriptomics analysis of differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of sheep as affected by their pre- and early postnatal malnutrition histories. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:338. [PMID: 33975549 PMCID: PMC8114714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life malnutrition is known to target adipose tissue with varying impact depending on timing of the insult. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous (SUB) and perirenal (PER) adipose tissue of 2.5-years old sheep to elucidate the biology underlying differential impacts of late gestation versus early postnatal malnutrition on functional development of adipose tissues. Adipose tissues were obtained from 37 adult sheep born as twins to dams fed either NORM (fulfilling energy and protein requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (110% of protein and 150% of energy requirements) diets in the last 6-weeks of gestation. From day 3 to 6 months of age, lambs were fed high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) or moderate low-fat (CONV) diets, and thereafter the same moderate low-fat diet. RESULTS The gene expression profile of SUB in the adult sheep was not affected by the pre- or early postnatal nutrition history. In PER, 993 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LOW versus HIGH and NORM, respectively, but no DEG was found between HIGH and NORM. DEGs identified in the mismatched pre- and postnatal nutrition groups LOW-HCHF (101) and HIGH-HCHF (192) were largely downregulated compared to NORM-CONV. Out of 831 DEGs, 595 and 236 were up- and downregulated in HCHF versus CONV, respectively. The functional enrichment analyses revealed that transmembrane (ion) transport activities, motor activities related to cytoskeletal and spermatozoa function (microtubules and the cytoskeletal motor protein, dynein), and responsiveness to the (micro) environmental extracellular conditions, including endocrine and nervous stimuli were enriched in the DEGs of LOW versus HIGH and NORM. We confirmed that mismatched pre- and postnatal feeding was associated with long-term programming of adipose tissue remodeling and immunity-related pathways. In agreement with phenotypic measurements, early postnatal HCHF feeding targeted pathways involved in kidney cell differentiation, and mismatched LOW-HCHF sheep had specific impairments in cholesterol metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS Both pre- and postnatal malnutrition differentially programmed (patho-) physiological pathways with implications for adipose functional development associated with metabolic dysfunctions, and PER was a major target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Markus Hodal Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suraya Mohamad Salleh
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zexi Cai
- Centre for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Huo J, Wu L, Zang Y. Development and Validation of a Metabolic-related Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:169-179. [PMID: 34007798 PMCID: PMC8111106 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growing evidence suggests that metabolic-related genes have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prognostic value of metabolic-related genes for HCC has not been fully revealed. METHODS mRNA sequencing and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the GTEx Genotype-Tissue Expression comprehensive database. Differentially expressed metabolic-related genes in tumor tissues (n=374) and normal tissues (n=160) were identified by the Wilcoxon test. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, univariate multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness and independence of the prognostic model. Two independent cohorts (International Cancer Genome Consortiums and GSE14520) were applied to verify the prognostic model. RESULTS Our study included a total of 793 patients with HCC. We constructed a risk score consisting of five metabolic-genes (BDH1, RRM2, CYP2C9, PLA2G7, and TXNRD1). For the overall survival rate, the low-risk group had a considerably higher rate than the high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the risk score was an independent predictor for the prognosis of HCC. CONCLUSIONS We constructed and validated a novel prognostic model, which may provide support for the precise treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liqun Wu
- Correspondence to: Liqun Wu, Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China. Tel: +86-18661809789, Fax: +86-532-82913225, E-mail:
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12
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Healthy Lifestyle Recommendations: Do the Beneficial Effects Originate from NAD + Amount at the Cellular Level? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2020:8819627. [PMID: 33414897 PMCID: PMC7752291 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8819627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the role of oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a molecule central to health benefits as the result from observing selected healthy lifestyle recommendations. Namely, NAD+ level can be regulated by lifestyle and nutrition approaches such as fasting, caloric restriction, sports activity, low glucose availability, and heat shocks. NAD+ is reduced with age at a cellular, tissue, and organismal level due to inflammation, defect in NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis, and the PARP-mediated NAD+ depletion. This leads to a decrease in cellular energy production and DNA repair and modifies genomic signalling leading to an increased incidence of chronic diseases and ageing. By implementing healthy lifestyle approaches, endogenous intracellular NAD+ levels can be increased, which explains the molecular mechanisms underlying health benefits at the organismal level. Namely, adherence to here presented healthy lifestyle approaches is correlated with an extended life expectancy free of major chronic diseases.
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Watanabe H, Kanemaru K, Hagikura K, Matsumoto T, Ayusawa M, Morioka I. Soluble factors released by dedifferentiated fat cells reduce the functional activity of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:295-304. [PMID: 33073424 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tissues such as epicardial adipose (EAT), and myocardial tissues is important in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Changes in adipose tissues in obesity or diabetes impair preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine secretion is higher in preadipocytes than in mature adipocytes in diabetes and obesity. However, how undifferentiated cells committed to the adipose lineage directly influence cardiomyocytes is not yet understood. We used human-derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells as models of undifferentiated cells committed to an adipose lineage. Here, we evaluated the effects of soluble factor interactions in indirect cocultures of DFAT cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Our RNA sequencing findings showed that these interactions were predominantly inflammatory responses. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines secreted by DFAT cells reduced myocardial functions such as contraction frequency and catecholamine sensitivity, and simultaneously increased apoptosis, decreased antioxidative stress tolerance, and reduced oxygen consumption rates in cardiomyocytes. These adverse effects might be attributable to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands 1 (CXCL1), and 12, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukins 6 and 8, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1-A among the proinflammatory mediators secreted by DFAT cells. Our results could be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of EAT-related heart failure in terms of the involvement of undifferentiated cells committed to the adipose lineage. Furthermore, we suggest the importance of focusing on surrounding adipose tissues as a strategy with which to maximize the survival and function of transplanted stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Wata Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kanemaru
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hagikura
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ayusawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Ramadan Q, Gourikutty SBN, Zhang Q. OOCHIP: Compartmentalized Microfluidic Perfusion System with Porous Barriers for Enhanced Cell-Cell Crosstalk in Organ-on-a-Chip. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060565. [PMID: 32486495 PMCID: PMC7344814 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Improved in vitro models of human organs for predicting drug efficacy, interactions, and disease modelling are crucially needed to minimize the use of animal models, which inevitably display significant differences from the human disease state and metabolism. Inside the body, cells are organized either in direct contact or in close proximity to other cell types in a tightly controlled architecture that regulates tissue function. To emulate this cellular interface in vitro, an advanced cell culture system is required. In this paper, we describe a set of compartmentalized silicon-based microfluidic chips that enable co-culturing several types of cells in close proximity with enhanced cell–cell interaction. In vivo-like fluid flow into and/or from each compartment, as well as between adjacent compartments, is maintained by micro-engineered porous barriers. This porous structure provides a tool for mimicking the paracrine exchange between cells in the human body. As a demonstrating example, the microfluidic system was tested by culturing human adipose tissue that is infiltrated with immune cells to study the role if the interplay between the two cells in the context of type 2 diabetes. However, the system provides a platform technology for mimicking the structure and function of single- and multi-organ models, which could significantly narrow the gap between in vivo and in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis Tower, Singapore 138635, Singapore; (S.B.N.G.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Qingxin Zhang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis Tower, Singapore 138635, Singapore; (S.B.N.G.); (Q.Z.)
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Wang W, Shen J, Qi C, Pu J, Chen H, Zuo Z. The key candidate genes in tubulointerstitial injury of chronic kidney diseases patients as determined by bioinformatic analysis. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:761-772. [PMID: 32340064 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Lianshui County People's HospitalKangda College of Nanjing Medical University Huai'an China
- Department of Central LaboratoryLianshui County People's Hospital Huai'an China
| | - Jianxiao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Chaojun Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Juan Pu
- Department of Central LaboratoryLianshui County People's Hospital Huai'an China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Central LaboratoryLianshui County People's Hospital Huai'an China
| | - Zhi Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda HospitalMedical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
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Insulin resistance in obese adolescents affects the expression of genes associated with immune response. Endocr Regul 2020; 53:71-82. [PMID: 31517622 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of obesity and its metabolic complications is associated with dysregulation of various intrinsic mechanisms, which control basic metabolic processes through changes in the expression of numerous regulatory genes. METHODS The expression level of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, HLA-F, and NFX1 genes as well as miR-190b was measured in the blood of obese adolescents without signs of resistance to insulin and with insulin resistance in comparison with the group of relative healthy control individuals without signs of obesity. RESULTS It was shown that obesity without signs of insulin resistance is associated with upregulation of the expression level of HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1 genes, but with down-regulation of HLA-G gene expression in the blood as compared to control group of relative healthy adolescents. At the same time, no significant changes were observed in the expression level of HLA-F and NFX1 genes in the blood of this group of obese adolescents. Development of insulin resistance in obese individuals leads to significant down-regulation of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-G, and HLA-F gene expressions as well as to up-regulation of NFX1 gene as well as microRNA miR-190b in the blood as compared to obese patients without signs of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study provide evidence that obesity affects the expression of the subset of genes related to immune response in the blood and that development of insulin resistance in obese adolescents is associated with strong down-regulation of the expressions of HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-F, and HLA-G genes, which may be contribute to the development of obesity complications. It is possible that transcription factor NFX1 and miR-190b participate in downregulation of HLA-DRA gene expression in the blood of obese adolescents with insulin resistance.
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Vyas KS, Bole M, Vasconez HC, Banuelos JM, Martinez-Jorge J, Tran N, Lemaine V, Mardini S, Bakri K. Profile of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Obese and Lean Environments. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:1635-1645. [PMID: 31267153 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the demand for stem cells in regenerative medicine, new methods of isolating stem cells are highly sought. Adipose tissue is a readily available and non-controversial source of multipotent stem cells that carries a low risk for potential donors. However, elevated donor body mass index has been associated with an altered cellular microenvironment and thus has implications for stem cell efficacy in recipients. This review explored the literature on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the effect of donor obesity on cellular function. METHODS A review of published articles on obesity and ASCs was conducted with the PubMed database and the following search terms: obesity, overweight, adipose-derived stem cells and ASCs. Two investigators screened and reviewed the relevant abstracts. RESULTS There is agreement on reduced ASC function in response to obesity in terms of angiogenic differentiation, proliferation, migration, viability, and an altered and inflammatory transcriptome. Osteogenic differentiation and cell yield do not show reasonable agreement. Weight loss partially rescues some of the aforementioned features. CONCLUSIONS Generally, obesity reduces ASC qualities and may have an effect on the therapeutic value of ASCs. Because weight loss and some biomolecules have been shown to rescue these qualities, further research should be conducted on methods to return obese-derived ASCs to baseline. LEVEL V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors- www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S Vyas
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Madhav Bole
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Henry C Vasconez
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joseph M Banuelos
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jorys Martinez-Jorge
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nho Tran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Valerie Lemaine
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Samir Mardini
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karim Bakri
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Kongsuphol P, Gupta S, Liu Y, Bhuvanendran Nair Gourikutty S, Biswas SK, Ramadan Q. In vitro micro-physiological model of the inflamed human adipose tissue for immune-metabolic analysis in type II diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4887. [PMID: 30894623 PMCID: PMC6426956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation mediated by the interaction of immune cells and adipocytes is a key underlying factor in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, methods to investigate adipocyte-immune cells interaction and their immuno-metabolic status in obese/T2DM subjects not only serve as an early indicator of disease development but also provide an insight into disease mechanism. A microfluidic-based in vitro model of the human adipose that is interfaced with a co-culture of immune cell has been developed for in vitro immune-metabolic analysis. This miniaturized system integrates a biologically active in vitro cellular system within a perfusion-based microfluidic device for mimicking the major processes that characterize the interaction of adipose tissue with immune cells. A viable immune competent model of the adipocytes/PBMCs co-culture has been demonstrated and characterized. Our testing results showed that the inflammatory cytokine profile obtained from the on-chip culture agrees with those from static transwell based co-culture with more intense responses observed in the chip-based system. The microfluidic chip also allows time-resolved measurement of cytokines that provide reliable data and detailed mechanisms of inflammation. In addition, glucose uptake by the adipocytes from the chip-based cultures showed correlated insulin responsivity/resistivity to the expression of the cytokine profile in different dynamic culture conditions. Testing of the known diabetic drug, metformin, and neutraceutical compound, omega-3, on-chip show agreeable results as compared to the previously reported data. This organotypic culture system offers a physiologically relevant model that exhibits a key characteristic of type 2 diabetic adipose tissues and can be used to study the T2DM mechanisms and diabetic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthara Kongsuphol
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Sajay Bhuvanendran Nair Gourikutty
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Qasem Ramadan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-02, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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20
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Meoli L, Gupta NK, Saeidi N, Panciotti CA, Biddinger SB, Corey KE, Stylopoulos N. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and gastric bypass surgery regulate serum and hepatic levels of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E613-E621. [PMID: 29462566 PMCID: PMC6230703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) focuses on the underlying metabolic syndrome, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) remains one of the most effective options. In rodents and human patients, RYGB induces an increase in the gene and protein expression levels of the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) in the jejunum. Since PKM2 can be secreted in the circulation, our hypothesis was that the circulating levels of PKM2 increase after RYGB. Our data, however, revealed an unexpected finding and a potential new role of PKM2 for the natural history of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, RYGB-treated patients had decreased PKM2 blood levels compared with a well-matched group of patients with severe obesity before RYGB. Interestingly, PKM2 serum concentration correlated with body mass index before but not after the surgery. This prompted us to evaluate other potential mechanisms and sites of PKM2 regulation by the metabolic syndrome and RYGB. We found that in patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the liver had increased PKM2 expression levels, and the enzyme appears to be specifically localized in Kupffer cells. The study of murine models of metabolic syndrome and NASH replicated this pattern of expression, further suggesting a metabolic link between hepatic PKM2 and NAFLD. Therefore, we conclude that PKM2 serum and hepatic levels increase in both metabolic syndrome and NAFLD and decrease after RYGB. Thus, PKM2 may represent a new target for monitoring and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Meoli
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nitin K Gupta
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney A Panciotti
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- MGH Fatty Liver Clinic, MGH Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Stylopoulos
- Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Enhanced ANGPTL2 expression in adipose tissues and its association with insulin resistance in obese women. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13976. [PMID: 30228336 PMCID: PMC6143523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 2 has been proposed to be a key mediator linking obesity and insulin resistance. However, no detailed study of ANGPTL2 expression in human adipose tissues has yet been reported. To investigate the pattern and regulation of ANGPTL2 expression in human adipose tissues in obesity and its related diseases, we recruited 32 non-diabetic and 13 type 2 diabetic obese women and 32 normal-weight women. ANGPTL2 mRNA was expressed at a similar level in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Adipose tissue ANGPTL2 mRNA was much higher in obese patients. Adipose tissue ANGPTL2 mRNA and serum ANGPTL2 levels showed strong associations with metabolic parameters associated with insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, ANGPTL2 mRNA was closely correlated with the expression of genes involved in inflammation and ER stress. ANGPTL2 mRNA was principally expressed in adipocytes, and its expression was markedly higher in the adipocyte but non-adipocyte fraction of obese adipose tissues. Culture of human adipocytes under conditions mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue (especially, increased ER stress) stimulated ANGPTL2 gene expression and secretion. In addition, co-culture of adipocytes and macrophages suggested that ANGPTL2 excessively produced by adipocytes, may contribute inflammation and remodeling in obese adipose tissues, thereby promoting insulin resistance.
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Adipocyte biology: It is time to upgrade to a new model. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2399-2425. [PMID: 30192004 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the obesity pandemic is profoundly affecting quality of life and economic productivity, but efforts to address this, especially on a pharmacological level, have generally proven unsuccessful to date, serving as a stark demonstration that our understanding of adipocyte biology and pathophysiology is incomplete. To deliver better insight into adipocyte function and obesity, we need improved adipocyte models with a high degree of fidelity in representing the in vivo state and with a diverse range of experimental applications. Adipocyte cell lines, especially 3T3-L1 cells, have been used extensively over many years, but these are limited in terms of relevance and versatility. In this review, I propose that primary adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) present a superior model with which to study adipocyte biology ex vivo. In particular, ASCs afford us the opportunity to study adipocytes from different, functionally distinct, adipose depots and to investigate, by means of in vivo/ex vivo studies, the effects of many different physiological and pathophysiological factors, such as age, body weight, hormonal status, diet and nutraceuticals, as well as disease and pharmacological treatments, on the biology of adipocytes and their precursors. This study will give an overview of the characteristics of ASCs and published studies utilizing ASCs, to highlight the areas where our knowledge is lacking. More comprehensive studies in primary ASCs will contribute to an improved understanding of adipose tissue, in healthy and dysfunctional states, which will enhance our efforts to more successfully manage and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
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23
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Choi EK, Rajasekaran M, Sul OJ, Joe Y, Chung HT, Yu R, Choi HS. Impaired insulin signaling upon loss of ovarian function is associated with a reduction of tristetraprolin and an increased stabilization of chemokine in adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:122-131. [PMID: 28887124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function can activate inflammation and lead to insulin resistance (IR). IR is also a core feature of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP) interferes with TNF-α production by destabilizing TNF-α mRNA, and mice deficient in TTP develop a complex syndrome of inflammatory disease (Carballo et al., 1998; Taylor et al., 1999). We hypothesized that ovariectomy (OVX) might also prime inflammation by reducing tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP) levels. We used a mouse OVX model to study impaired insulin signaling due to loss of ovarian function by evaluating Akt activity upon insulin stimulus. Impaired insulin signaling was initially detected in adipose tissue (AT) at 4 weeks after OVX, and then spread to liver and muscle, finally resulting in systemic IR at 12 weeks after OVX. OVX decreased TTP protein levels and increased adipocyte size, oxidative stress, chemokine expression and fat mass in AT by 4 weeks after surgery. TTP deficiency due to TTP gene deletion induced aberrant insulin signaling and increased chemokine expression and macrophage numbers in AT but did not increase adipocyte size, oxidative stress, or fat mass, suggesting that it promotes insulin signaling by decreasing AT inflammation independent of oxidative stress and adiposity. OVX, like TTP deficiency, increased the stability of chemokine transcripts as assessed from their half-lives. Our data indicate that the impaired insulin signaling resulting from OVX is due to an OVX-induced reduction of TTP and the resulting stabilization of inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Monisha Rajasekaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.
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24
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Pu Y, Gingrich JD, Steibel JP, Veiga-Lopez A. Sex-Specific Modulation of Fetal Adipogenesis by Gestational Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Exposure. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3844-3858. [PMID: 28938450 PMCID: PMC5695840 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) increases adipose tissue mass in vivo and promotes adipogenesis in vitro; however, mechanisms explaining BPA's obesogenic effect remain unknown. We investigated the effects of gestational BPA and its analog, bisphenol S (BPS), exposure on the adipogenic differentiation ability of fetal preadipocytes and the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in regulating this process. Pregnant sheep (n = 7 to 8 per group) mated to the same male were exposed to BPA or BPS from days 30 to 100 of gestation; pregnancies were terminated 20 days later. Adipose tissue was harvested and fetal preadipocytes isolated. Adipose tissue gene expression, adipocyte size, preadipocyte gene expression, adipogenic differentiation, and dynamic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress were assessed. Gestational BPA enhanced adipogenic differentiation in female, but not male, preadipocytes. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway was upregulated in BPA-exposed female preadipocytes supportive of a higher endoplasmic reticulum stress. Increased expression of estradiol receptor 1 and glucocorticoid receptor in female preadipocytes suggests that this may be a potential cause behind the sex-specific effects observed upon BPA exposure. Gestational BPS affected adipogenic terminal differentiation gene expression in male preadipocytes, but not adipogenic differentiation potential. We demonstrate that gestational BPA exposure can modulate the differentiation ability of fetal preadipocytes. UPR upregulation in gestationally BPA-exposed female preadipocytes may contribute to the increased preadipocyte's adipogenic ability. The marked sex-specific effect of BPA highlights higher susceptibility of females to bisphenol A and potentially, a higher risk to develop obesity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jeremy D. Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Juan P. Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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25
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Mysore R, Ortega FJ, Latorre J, Ahonen M, Savolainen-Peltonen H, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Olkkonen VM, Fernández-Real JM, Haridas PAN. MicroRNA-221-3p Regulates Angiopoietin-Like 8 (ANGPTL8) Expression in Adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4001-4012. [PMID: 28938482 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) has been identified as a key regulator of lipid metabolism. DESIGN We addressed the correlation between ANGPTL8 messenger RNA (mRNA) with hallmark insulin-regulated and lipogenic genes in human adipose tissue (AT). The regulation of ANGPTL8 expression in adipocytes was studied after inflammatory challenge, and the role of microRNA (miRNA)-221-3p therein was investigated. RESULTS ANGPTL8 gene expression in subcutaneous AT (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT) was highly correlated with SLC2A4/GLUT4, ADIPOQ, fatty acyl synthase, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1. ANGPTL8 mRNA in human adipocytes was suppressed by the inflammatory impact of conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, which markedly induced miR-221-3p. MiR-221-3p was shown to target the ANGPTL8 mRNA, and to reduce adipocyte ANGPTL8 protein expression. Analysis of SAT biopsies from 69 subjects ranging from lean to morbidly obese and of VAT of 19 female subjects biopsied during gynecologic surgery demonstrated a trend of negative correlation between ANGPTL8 and miR-221-3p. Significant negative correlation of ANGPTL8 and miR-221-3p was identified in presurgery SAT samples from 22 morbidly obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery, but vanished after ∼2-year surgery-induced weight loss, which also resulted in a marked reduction of miR-221-3p. ANGPTL8 correlated negatively with the AT inflammatory gene phospholipase A2 G7, whereas miR-221-3p showed a significant positive correlation with this marker. Of note, no correlation was found between AT ANGPTL8 mRNA expression and plasma ANGPTL8. CONCLUSIONS The inflammation-induced miR-221-3p regulates ANGPTL8 expression in adipocytes. This miRNA impact may become especially prominent under pathologic conditions such as morbid obesity, putatively contributing to the impaired AT lipid metabolism in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Mysore
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), ES-17190 Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), ES-17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Ahonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), ES-17190 Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Wang LF, Miao LJ, Wang XN, Huang CC, Qian YS, Huang X, Wang XL, Jin WZ, Ji GJ, Fu M, Deng KY, Xin HB. CD38 deficiency suppresses adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues through activating Sirt1/PPARγ signaling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:101-110. [PMID: 28816006 PMCID: PMC5742727 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recently reported that CD38 was highly expressed in adipose tissues from obese people and CD38-deficient mice were resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, the role of CD38 in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis is unknown. In this study, to explore the roles of CD38 in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in vivo and in vitro, obesity models were generated with male CD38-/- and WT mice fed with HFD. The adipocyte differentiations were induced with MEFs from WT and CD38-/- mice, 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. The lipid accumulations and the alternations of CD38 and the genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were determined with the adipose tissues from the HFD-fed mice or the MEFs, 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells during induction of adipocyte differentiation. The results showed that CD38-/- male mice were significantly resistant to HFD-induced obesity. CD38 expressions in adipocytes were significantly increased in WT mice fed with HFD, and the similar results were obtained from WT MEFs, 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 during induction of adipocyte differentiation. The expressions of PPARγ, AP2 and C/EBPα were markedly attenuated in adipocytes from HFD-fed CD38-/- mice and CD38-/- MEFs at late stage of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the expressions of SREBP1 and FASN were also significantly decreased in CD38-/- MEFs. Finally, the CD38 deficiency-mediated activations of Sirt1 signalling were up-regulated or down-regulated by resveratrol and nicotinamide, respectively. These results suggest that CD38 deficiency impairs adipogenesis and lipogenesis through activating Sirt1/PPARγ-FASN signalling pathway during the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lian-Jie Miao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Nv Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong-Cong Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Song Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Shock/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Rani J, Mittal I, Pramanik A, Singh N, Dube N, Sharma S, Puniya BL, Raghunandanan MV, Mobeen A, Ramachandran S. T2DiACoD: A Gene Atlas of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Complex Disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6892. [PMID: 28761062 PMCID: PMC5537262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed integrative analysis of genes associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) associated complications by automated text mining with manual curation and also gene expression analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus. They were analysed for pathogenic or protective role, trends, interaction with risk factors, Gene Ontology enrichment and tissue wise differential expression. The database T2DiACoD houses 650 genes, and 34 microRNAs associated with T2DM complications. Seven genes AGER, TNFRSF11B, CRK, PON1, ADIPOQ, CRP and NOS3 are associated with all 5 complications. Several genes are studied in multiple years in all complications with high proportion in cardiovascular (75.8%) and atherosclerosis (51.3%). T2DM Patients' skeletal muscle tissues showed high fold change in differentially expressed genes. Among the differentially expressed genes, VEGFA is associated with several complications of T2DM. A few genes ACE2, ADCYAP1, HDAC4, NCF1, NFE2L2, OSM, SMAD1, TGFB1, BDNF, SYVN1, TXNIP, CD36, CYP2J2, NLRP3 with details of protective role are catalogued. Obesity is clearly a dominant risk factor interacting with the genes of T2DM complications followed by inflammation, diet and stress to variable extents. This information emerging from the integrative approach used in this work could benefit further therapeutic approaches. The T2DiACoD is available at www.http://t2diacod.igib.res.in/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rani
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Inna Mittal
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Namita Singh
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Namita Dube
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Smriti Sharma
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Bhanwar Lal Puniya
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Muthukurussi Varieth Raghunandanan
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ahmed Mobeen
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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28
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Gene expression profile of subcutaneous adipose tissue in BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs unravels molecular and clinical changes associated with sub-types of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1176-1184. [PMID: 28439093 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Min H, Kim J, Kim YJ, Yoon MS, Pratley RE, Lee YH. Measurement of altered APP isoform expression in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice by absolute quantitative real-time PCR. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017; 21:100-107. [PMID: 30460057 PMCID: PMC6138354 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1290679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), upregulated with obesity, and correlates with insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. APP is alternatively spliced into several isoforms, which may be indicative of the pathogenesis of APP-related diseases, but the accurate quantification has been difficult to standardize and reproduce. In light of this, we developed isoform-specific absolute cDNA standards for absolute quantitative real-time PCR (AQ-PCR), and measured transcript copy numbers for three major APP isoforms (APP770, APP751, and APP695), in SAT from C57BL/6 mice fed either a normal or high-fat diet. Expression of all three major APP isoforms was increased in diet-induced obese mice. Transcript copy numbers of APP770 and APP695 correlated with plasma insulin and CCL2 gene expression. The ratios of APP770 and APP751 to APP695 gradually decreased with aging, and correlated with plasma glucose levels. In addition, APP770 was significantly decreased in thiazolidinedione-treated mice. We describe quantification of APP isoform transcripts by AQ-PCR, which allows for direct comparison of gene copy number across isoforms, between experiments, and across studies conducted by independent research groups, which relative quantitative PCR does not allow. Our results suggest a possible role of differential expression of APP isoforms in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. In addition, it is important to determine if altered ratios of APP isoforms in SAT contribute to higher circulating Aβ peptides and increased risk of abnormalities in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Min
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Jinil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Yoon
- Division of Beauty Coordination, Keimyung College University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Richard E Pratley
- Florida Hospital Sanford/Burnham Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
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30
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Osteopontin: Relation between Adipose Tissue and Bone Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4045238. [PMID: 28194185 PMCID: PMC5282444 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4045238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein mainly associated with bone metabolism and remodeling. Besides its physiological functions, OPN is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states, such as obesity and osteoporosis. Importantly, during the last decades obesity and osteoporosis have become among the main threats to health worldwide. Because OPN is a protein principally expressed in cells with multifaceted effects on bone morphogenesis and remodeling and because it seems to be one of the most overexpressed genes in the adipose tissue of the obese contributing to osteoporosis, this mini review will highlight recent insights about relation between adipose tissue and bone homeostasis.
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31
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DHL-HisZn, a novel antioxidant, enhances adipogenic differentiation and antioxidative response in adipose-derived stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1601-1609. [PMID: 27825800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into specific mesenchymal cell lineages including adipocytes in response to environmental cues. Dysfunctional adipose tissue, rather than an excess of adipose tissue, has been proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. The insulin-sensitizing effects of antidiabetic drugs are mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Here, we investigated the effects of sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide (DHL-HisZn), a strong antioxidant, on PPARγ activation, adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, the effects of DHL-HisZn on cellular antioxidant response and inflammatory cytokine production were also evaluated. In ASCs, DHL-HisZn enhanced adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ expression in a dose-dependent manner. DHL-HisZn also increased the relative abundance of insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and adiponectin mRNA. Furthermore, DHL-HisZn upregulated PPARγ downstream target gene expression. In addition, treatment with DHL-HisZn upregulated mRNA levels of endogenous antioxidants, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). DHL-HisZn treatment enhanced insulin signaling and inhibited NF-κB activation, which subsequently suppressed inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression. Our results indicate that DHL-HisZn enhances insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by increasing the expression of GLUT4 and IRS-1 via the activation of PPARγ and improving the antioxidant response during adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, DHL-HisZn may have the capability to reduce insulin resistance.
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32
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Ng HF, Chin KF, Chan KG, Ngeow YF. The mRNA expression of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor in human adipose tissue is positively correlated with body mass index. Genome 2015; 58:315-21. [PMID: 26284904 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
suPLAUR is the transcript variant that encodes the soluble form of the urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (suPLAUR). This soluble protein has been shown to enhance leukocyte migration and adhesion, and its circulatory level is increased in inflammatory states. In this pilot study, we used RNA-Seq to examine the splicing pattern of PLAUR in omental adipose tissues from obese and lean individuals. Of the three transcript variants of the PLAUR gene, only the proportion of suPLAUR (transcript variant 2) increases in obesity. After removing the effects of gender and age, the expression of suPLAUR is positively correlated with body mass index. This observation was validated using RT-qPCR with an independent cohort of samples. Additionally, in our RNA-Seq differential expression analysis, we also observed, in obese adipose tissues, an up-regulation of genes encoding other proteins involved in the process of chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion; of particular interest is the integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) that is known to interact with suPLAUR in leukocyte adhesion. These findings suggest an important role for suPLAUR in the recruitment of immune cells to obese adipose tissue, in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Fuh Ng
- a Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin Fah Chin
- a Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- b Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- c Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Berger E, Héraud S, Mojallal A, Lequeux C, Weiss-Gayet M, Damour O, Géloën A. Pathways commonly dysregulated in mouse and human obese adipose tissue: FAT/CD36 modulates differentiation and lipogenesis. Adipocyte 2015; 4:161-80. [PMID: 26257990 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.987578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to adipose tissue hypertrophy (increased adipocyte cell size) and hyperplasia (increased cell number). Comparative analyses of gene datasets allowed us to identify 1426 genes which may represent common adipose phenotype in humans and mice. Among them we identified several adipocyte-specific genes dysregulated in obese adipose tissue, involved in either fatty acid storage (acyl CoA synthase ACSL1, hormone-sensitive lipase LIPE, aquaporin 7 AQP7, perilipin PLIN) or cell adhesion (fibronectin FN1, collagens COL1A1, COL1A3, metalloprotein MMP9, or both (scavenger receptor FAT/CD36). Using real-time analysis of cell surface occupancy on xCELLigence system we developed a new method to study lipid uptake and differentiation of mouse 3T3L1 fibroblasts and human adipose stem cells. Both processes are regulated by insulin and fatty acids such as oleic acid. We showed that fatty acid addition to culture media increased the differentiation rate and was required for full differentiation into unilocular adipocytes. Significant activation of lipogenesis, i.e. lipid accumulation, by either insulin or oleic acid was monitored in times ranging from 1 to 24 h, depending on differentiation state, whereas significant effects on adipogenesis, i.e., surperimposed lipid accumulation and gene transcriptional regulations were measured after 3 to 4 d. Combination of selected times for analysis of lipid contents, cell counts, size fractionations, and gene transcriptional regulations showed that FAT/CD36 specific inhibitor AP5258 significantly increased cell survival of oleic acid-treated mouse and human adipocytes, and partially restored the transcriptional response to oleic acid in the presence of insulin through JNK pathway. Taken together, these data open new perspectives to study the molecular mechanisms commonly dysregulated in mouse and human obesity at the level of lipogenesis linked to hypertrophy and adipogenesis linked to hyperplasia.
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Key Words
- (h)ASCs, (human)adipose stem cells
- (h)dA, (human) adipocytes differentiated in vitro
- ACSL1, Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1
- AQP7, aquaporin 7
- BSA, bovine serum albumin, lipid-free
- CEBPA, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α
- CIDEA &
- CIDEC, cell death-inducing DFFA-like effectors a and c
- COL1A1 &
- COL1A3, Collagens 1 α
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FABP1 and 4, fatty acid binding proteins 1 and 4
- FAT/CD36, fatty acid translocase
- FCS, foetal calf serum
- FN1, fibronectin
- GO, Gene Ontology
- HSPG, heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- IBMX, isobutylmethylxanthine
- IL6, interleukin 6
- JNK, Jun-NH2 kinase
- LIPE, hormone-sensitive lipase
- MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PLIN, perilipin
- PPARG, peroxisome-proliferator receptor gamma
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RTCA, Real-time Cell Analyzer
- TA, adipose tissue
- TNFA, tumor necrosis factor α
- adipogenesis
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- bio-informatics
- fatty acid
- lipogenesis
- obesity
- real-time cell analysis
- subunits 1 and 3
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Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Reparative Potential in Ischemic Heart Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:599-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Badimon L, Oñate B, Vilahur G. Células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo y su potencial reparador en la enfermedad isquémica coronaria. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Hui ST, Parks BW, Org E, Norheim F, Che N, Pan C, Castellani LW, Charugundla S, Dirks DL, Psychogios N, Neuhaus I, Gerszten RE, Kirchgessner T, Gargalovic PS, Lusis AJ. The genetic architecture of NAFLD among inbred strains of mice. eLife 2015; 4:e05607. [PMID: 26067236 PMCID: PMC4493743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we examined liver steatosis and related clinical and molecular traits in more than 100 unique inbred mouse strains, which were fed a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates. A >30-fold variation in hepatic TG accumulation was observed among the strains. Genome-wide association studies revealed three loci associated with hepatic TG accumulation. Utilizing transcriptomic data from the liver and adipose tissue, we identified several high-confidence candidate genes for hepatic steatosis, including Gde1, a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase not previously implicated in triglyceride metabolism. We confirmed the role of Gde1 by in vivo hepatic over-expression and shRNA knockdown studies. We hypothesize that Gde1 expression increases TG production by contributing to the production of glycerol-3-phosphate. Our multi-level data, including transcript levels, metabolite levels, and gut microbiota composition, provide a framework for understanding genetic and environmental interactions underlying hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Elin Org
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nam Che
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lawrence W Castellani
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Darwin L Dirks
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nikolaos Psychogios
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Isaac Neuhaus
- Department of Computational Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, United States
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Todd Kirchgessner
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, United States
| | - Peter S Gargalovic
- Department of Computational Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, United States
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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Involvement of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Immunological Modulation of Inflammatory Cascade in Preeclampsia. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:325932. [PMID: 26089598 PMCID: PMC4458290 DOI: 10.1155/2015/325932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is characterized by abnormal placentation, an exaggerated inflammatory response, and generalized dysfunction of the maternal endothelium. We investigated the effects of preeclampsia serum on the expression of inflammation-related genes by adipose tissue. Materials and Methods. Visceral adipose tissue was obtained from the omentum of patients with early ovarian cancer without metastasis. Adipose tissue was incubated with sera obtained from either five women affected with severe preeclampsia or five women from control pregnant women at 37°C in a humidified incubator at 5% CO2 for 24 hours. 370 genes in total mRNA were analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR (Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity gene set). Results. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of 30 genes in adipose tissue treated with preeclampsia sera. Some genes are related to immune response, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis, which plays a central role in excessive systemic inflammatory response of preeclampsia. In contrast, other genes have shown beneficial effects in the regulation of Th2 predominance, antioxidative stress, and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion. In conclusion, visceral adipose tissue offers protection against inflammation, oxidative insults, and other forms of cellular stress that are central to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Agha G, Houseman EA, Kelsey KT, Eaton CB, Buka SL, Loucks EB. Adiposity is associated with DNA methylation profile in adipose tissue. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 44:1277-87. [PMID: 25541553 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, suggesting an important role for adipose tissue in the development of these conditions. The epigenetic underpinnings of adiposity are not well understood, and studies of DNA methylation in relation to adiposity have rarely focused on target adipose tissue. Objectives were to evaluate whether genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes are associated with measures of adiposity, including central fat mass, body fat distribution and body mass index. METHODS Participants were 106 men and women (mean age 47 years) from the New England Family Study. DNA methylation was evaluated using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. Adiposity phenotypes included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed android fat mass, android:gynoid fat ratio and trunk:limb fat ratio, as well as body mass index. RESULTS Adipose tissue genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were associated with all four adiposity phenotypes, after adjusting for race, sex and current smoking (omnibus p-values <0.001). After further adjustment for adipose cell-mixture effects, associations with android fat mass, android:gynoid fat ratio, and trunk:limb fat ratio remained. In gene-specific analyses, adiposity phenotypes were associated with adipose tissue DNA methylation in several genes that are biologically relevant to the development of adiposity, such as AOC3, LIPE, SOD3, AQP7 and CETP. Blood DNA methylation profiles were not associated with adiposity, before or after adjustment for blood leukocyte cell mixture effects. CONCLUSION Findings show that DNA methylation patterns in adipose tissue are associated with adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golareh Agha
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - E Andres Houseman
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA, Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric B Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Jeong JI, Kim J, Kim KM, Choi I, Pratley RE, Lee YH. Altered gene expression of amyloid precursor protein in the adipose tissue and brain of obese mice fed with long-term high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.940383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Nativel B, Marimoutou M, Thon-Hon VG, Gunasekaran MK, Andries J, Stanislas G, Planesse C, Da Silva CR, Césari M, Iwema T, Gasque P, Viranaicken W. Soluble HMGB1 is a novel adipokine stimulating IL-6 secretion through RAGE receptor in SW872 preadipocyte cell line: contribution to chronic inflammation in fat tissue. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76039. [PMID: 24073286 PMCID: PMC3779194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation (LGI) is a central phenomenon in the genesis of obesity and insulin-resistance characterized by IL-6 in human serum. Whereas this LGI was initially thought to be mainly attributed to macrophage activation, it is now known that pre-adipocytes and adipocytes secrete several adipokines including IL-6 and participate to LGI and associated pathologies. In macrophages, HMGB1 is a nuclear yet secreted protein and acts as a cytokine to drive the production of inflammatory molecules through RAGE and TLR2/4. In this paper we tested the secretion of HMGB1 and the auto- and paracrine contribution to fat inflammation using the human preadipocyte cell line SW872 as a model. We showed that 1) human SW872 secreted actively HMGB1, 2) IL-6 production was positively linked to high levels of secreted HMGB1, 3) recombinant HMGB1 boosted IL-6 expression and this effect was mediated by the receptor RAGE and did not involve TLR2 or TLR4. These results suggest that HMGB1 is a major adipokine contributing to LGI implementation and maintenance, and can be considered as a target to develop news therapeutics in LGI associated pathologies such as obesity and type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Nativel
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Mery Marimoutou
- Groupe d’Etude sur l’Inflammation Chronique et l’Obésité, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Vincent G. Thon-Hon
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Manoj Kumar Gunasekaran
- Groupe d’Etude sur l’Inflammation Chronique et l’Obésité, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Jessica Andries
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Giovédie Stanislas
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Groupe d’Etude sur l’Inflammation Chronique et l’Obésité, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | | | - Maya Césari
- Groupe d’Etude sur l’Inflammation Chronique et l’Obésité, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Thomas Iwema
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Groupe de Recherche Immunopathologie et maladies Infectieuses, Université de La Réunion, Réunion, France
- * E-mail:
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Oñate B, Vilahur G, Camino-López S, Díez-Caballero A, Ballesta-López C, Ybarra J, Moscatiello F, Herrero J, Badimon L. Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue of obese patients show changes in their transcriptomic profile that indicate loss in stemcellness and increased commitment to an adipocyte-like phenotype. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:625. [PMID: 24040759 PMCID: PMC3848661 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipose tissue is an endocrine regulator and a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease when by excessive accumulation induces obesity. Although the adipose tissue is also a reservoir for stem cells (ASC) their function and "stemcellness" has been questioned. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity affects subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) stem cells. RESULTS Transcriptomics, in silico analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blots were performed on isolated stem cells from subcutaneous abdominal WAT of morbidly obese patients (ASCmo) and of non-obese individuals (ASCn). ASCmo and ASCn gene expression clustered separately from each other. ASCmo showed downregulation of "stemness" genes and upregulation of adipogenic and inflammatory genes with respect to ASCn. Moreover, the application of bioinformatics and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that the transcription factor Smad3 was tentatively affected in obese ASCmo. Validation of this target confirmed a significantly reduced Smad3 nuclear translocation in the isolated ASCmo. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomic profile of the stem cells reservoir in obese subcutaneous WAT is highly modified with significant changes in genes regulating stemcellness, lineage commitment and inflammation. In addition to body mass index, cardiovascular risk factor clustering further affect the ASC transcriptomic profile inducing loss of multipotency and, hence, capacity for tissue repair. In summary, the stem cells in the subcutaneous WAT niche of obese patients are already committed to adipocyte differentiation and show an upregulated inflammatory gene expression associated to their loss of stemcellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Oñate
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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González-Muniesa P, Marrades MP, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential proinflammatory and oxidative stress response and vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in habitual high-fat young male consumers putatively predisposed by their genetic background. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17238-55. [PMID: 23975165 PMCID: PMC3794726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current nutritional habits and lifestyles of modern societies favor energy overloads and a diminished physical activity, which may produce serious clinical disturbances and excessive weight gain. In order to investigate the mechanisms by which the environmental factors interact with molecular mechanisms in obesity, a pathway analysis was performed to identify genes differentially expressed in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) from obese compared to lean male (21–35 year-old) subjects living in similar obesogenic conditions: habitual high fat dietary intake and moderate physical activity. Genes involved in inflammation (ALCAM, CTSB, C1S, YKL-40, MIF, SAA2), extracellular matrix remodeling (MMP9, PALLD), angiogenesis (EGFL6, leptin) and oxidative stress (AKR1C3, UCHL1, HSPB7 and NQO1) were upregulated; whereas apoptosis, signal transcription (CITED 2 and NR3C1), cell control and cell cycle-related genes were downregulated. Interestingly, the expression of some of these genes (C1S, SAA2, ALCAM, CTSB, YKL-40 and tenomodulin) was found to be associated with some relevant metabolic syndrome features. The obese group showed a general upregulation in the expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, extracellular remodeling and angiogenic genes compared to lean subjects, suggesting that a given genetic background in an obesogenic environment could underlie the resistance to gaining weight and obesity-associated manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-M.); (M.P.M.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Marrades
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-M.); (M.P.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-M.); (M.P.M.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-M.); (M.P.M.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, 29029 Madrid, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600 (ext. 806558); Fax: +34-948-425-740
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Bian L, Traurig M, Hanson RL, Marinelarena A, Kobes S, Muller YL, Malhotra A, Huang K, Perez J, Gale A, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. MAP2K3 is associated with body mass index in American Indians and Caucasians and may mediate hypothalamic inflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4438-49. [PMID: 23825110 PMCID: PMC3792696 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify genes that affect body mass index (BMI) in American Indians who are predominately of Pima Indian heritage, we previously completed a genome-wide association study in 1120 American Indians. That study also included follow-up genotyping for 9 SNPs in 2133 additional subjects. A comprehensive follow-up study has subsequently been completed where 292 SNPs were genotyped in 3562 subjects, of which 128 SNPs were assessed for replication in 3238 additional subjects. In the combined subjects (n = 6800), BMI associations for two SNPs, rs12882548 and rs11652094, approached genome-wide significance (P = 6.7 × 10−7 and 8.1 × 10−7, respectively). Rs12882548 is located in a gene desert on chromosome 14 and rs11652094 maps near MAP2K3. Several SNPs in the MAP2K3 region including rs11652094 were also associated with BMI in Caucasians from the GIANT consortium (P = 10−2–10−5), and the combined P-values across both American Indians and Caucasian were P = 10−4–10−9. Follow-up sequencing across MAP2K3 identified several paralogous sequence variants indicating that the region may have been duplicated. MAP2K3 expression levels in adipose tissue biopsies were positively correlated with BMI, although it is unclear if this correlation is a cause or effect. In vitro studies with cloned MAP2K3 promoters suggest that MAP2K3 expression may be up-regulated during adipogenesis. Microarray analyses of mouse hypothalamus cells expressing constitutively active MAP2K3 identified several up-regulated genes involved in immune/inflammatory pathways and a gene, Hap1, thought to play a role in appetite regulation. We conclude that MAP2K3 is a reproducible obesity locus that may affect body weight via complex mechanisms involving appetite regulation and hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bian
- Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section and Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Rende D, Baysal N, Kirdar B. Complex disease interventions from a network model for type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65854. [PMID: 23776558 PMCID: PMC3679160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the proteins encoded by the genes associated with a common disorder interact with each other, participate in similar pathways and share GO terms. It has been anticipated that the functional modules in a disease related functional linkage network are informative to reveal significant metabolic processes and disease's associations with other complex disorders. In the current study, Type 2 diabetes associated functional linkage network (T2DFN) containing 2770 proteins and 15041 linkages was constructed. The functional modules in this network were scored and evaluated in terms of shared pathways, co-localization, co-expression and associations with similar diseases. The assembly of top scoring overlapping members in the functional modules revealed that, along with the well known biological pathways, circadian rhythm, diverse actions of nuclear receptors in steroid and retinoic acid metabolisms have significant occurrence in the pathophysiology of the disease. The disease's association with other metabolic and neuromuscular disorders was established through shared proteins. Nuclear receptor NRIP1 has a pivotal role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, indicating the need to investigate subsequent effects of NRIP1 on Type 2 diabetes. Our study also revealed that CREB binding protein (CREBBP) and cardiotrophin-1 (CTF1) have suggestive roles in linking Type 2 diabetes and neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Rende
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America.
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45
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Glick NR, Fischer MH. The Role of Essential Fatty Acids in Human Health. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587213488788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid research began about 90 years ago but intensified in recent years. Essential fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic) must come from diet. Other fatty acids may come from diet or may be synthesized. Fatty acids are major components of cell membrane structure, modulate gene transcription, function as cytokine precursors, and serve as energy sources in complex, interconnected systems. It is increasingly apparent that dietary fatty acids influence these vital functions and affect human health. While the strongest evidence for influence is found in cardiovascular disease and mental health, many additional conditions are affected. Problematic changes in the fatty acid composition of human diet have also taken place over the last century. This review summarizes current understanding of the pervasive roles of essential fatty acids and their metabolites in human health.
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The relationship between dietary fatty acids and inflammatory genes on the obese phenotype and serum lipids. Nutrients 2013; 5:1672-705. [PMID: 23698162 PMCID: PMC3708344 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dietary fatty acids, and their relationship with obesity and serum lipid levels. In summary, dietary fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids and the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, impact the expression of the cytokine genes TNFA and IL-6, and alter TNFα and IL-6 production. In addition, sequence variants in these genes have also been shown to alter their gene expression and plasma levels, and are associated with obesity, measures of adiposity and serum lipid concentrations. When interactions between dietary fatty acids and TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid were analyzed, both the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids modulated the relationship between TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid profiles, thereby impacting the association between phenotype and genotype. Researching these diet–gene interactions more extensively, and understanding the role of ethnicity as a confounder in these relationships, may contribute to a better understanding of the inter-individual variability in the obese phenotype.
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Laurila PP, Surakka I, Sarin AP, Yetukuri L, Hyötyläinen T, Söderlund S, Naukkarinen J, Tang J, Kettunen J, Mirel DB, Soronen J, Lehtimäki T, Ruokonen A, Ehnholm C, Eriksson JG, Salomaa V, Jula A, Raitakari OT, Järvelin MR, Palotie A, Peltonen L, Orešič M, Jauhiainen M, Taskinen MR, Ripatti S. Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Lipidomic Profiling Highlights the Role of Inflammation in Individuals With Low High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:847-57. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with cardiometabolic pathologies. In this study, we investigate the biological pathways and individual genes behind low HDL-C by integrating results from 3 high-throughput data sources: adipose tissue transcriptomics, HDL lipidomics, and dense marker genotypes from Finnish individuals with low or high HDL-C (n=450).
Approach and Results—
In the pathway analysis of genetic data, we demonstrate that genetic variants within inflammatory pathways were enriched among low HDL-C associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and the expression of these pathways upregulated in the adipose tissue of low HDL-C subjects. The lipidomic analysis highlighted the change in HDL particle quality toward putatively more inflammatory and less vasoprotective state in subjects with low HDL-C, as evidenced by their decreased antioxidative plasmalogen contents. We show that the focal point of these inflammatory pathways seems to be the
HLA
region with its low HDL-associated alleles also associating with more abundant local transcript levels in adipose tissue, increased plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) levels, and decreased HDL particle plasmalogen contents, markers of adipose tissue inflammation, vascular inflammation, and HDL antioxidative potential, respectively. In a population-based look-up of the inflammatory pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a large Finnish cohorts (n=11 211), no association of the
HLA
region was detected for HDL-C as quantitative trait, but with extreme HDL-C phenotypes, implying the presence of low or high HDL genes in addition to the population-genomewide association studies–identified HDL genes.
Conclusions—
Our study highlights the role of inflammation with a genetic component in subjects with low HDL-C and identifies novel
cis
-expression quantitative trait loci (
cis
-eQTL) variants in
HLA
region to be associated with low HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Ida Surakka
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Jussi Naukkarinen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Jing Tang
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Daniel B. Mirel
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Christian Ehnholm
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Aarno Palotie
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Leena Peltonen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Matej Orešič
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- From the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.K., A.P., S.R.); Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., I.S., A-P.S., J.N., J.K., J.S., C.E., M.J., S.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P-P.L., A.P.); VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (L.Y., T.H., J.T., M.O.); Department of Medicine, Helsinki University
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Yamashita-Sugahara Y, Tokuzawa Y, Nakachi Y, Kanesaki-Yatsuka Y, Matsumoto M, Mizuno Y, Okazaki Y. Fam57b (family with sequence similarity 57, member B), a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ target gene that regulates adipogenesis through ceramide synthesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4522-37. [PMID: 23275342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This report identifies a novel gene encoding Fam57b (family with sequence similarity 57, member B) as a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-responsive transmembrane gene that is related to obesity. The gene was identified based on an integrated bioinformatics analysis of the following three expression profiling data sets: adipocyte differentiation of mouse stromal cells (ST2 cells), adipose tissues from obesity mice, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Pparγ using ST2 cells. Fam57b consists of three variants expressed from different promoters and contains a Tram-Lag1-CLN8 domain that is related to ceramide synthase. Reporter and ChIP assays showed that Fam57b variant 2 is a bona fide PPARγ target gene in ST2 cells. Fam57b was up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that FAM57B is involved in this process. Surprisingly, FAM57B overexpression inhibited adipogenesis, and siRNA-mediated knockdown promoted adipocyte differentiation. Analysis of the ceramide content by lipid assay found that ceramides were in fact augmented in FAM57B-overexpressing ST2 cells. We also confirmed that ceramide inhibits adipogenesis. Therefore, the aforementioned results of FAM57B overexpression and siRNA experiments are reconciled by ceramide synthesis. In summary, we present in vitro evidence showing that PPARγ regulates Fam57b transcription during the adipogenesis of ST2 cells. In addition, our results suggest that PPARγ activation contributes to the regulation of ceramide metabolism during adipogenesis via FAM57B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yzumi Yamashita-Sugahara
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
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49
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Murumalla RK, Gunasekaran MK, Padhan JK, Bencharif K, Gence L, Festy F, Césari M, Roche R, Hoareau L. Fatty acids do not pay the toll: effect of SFA and PUFA on human adipose tissue and mature adipocytes inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:175. [PMID: 23259689 PMCID: PMC3551671 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background On the basis that high fat diet induces inflammation in adipose tissue, we wanted to test the effect of dietary saturated and polysunsaturated fatty acids on human adipose tissue and adipocytes inflammation. Moreover we wanted to determine if TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in this pathway. Methods Human adipose tissue and adipocytes primary cultures were treated with endotoxin-free BSA conjugated with SFA (lauric acid and palmitic acid - LA and PA) and PUFA (eicosapentaeneic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and oleic acid - EPA, DHA and OA) with or without LPS. Cytokines were then assayed by ELISA (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1). In order to determine if TLR2 and TLR4 are activated by fatty acid (FA), we used HEK-Blue cells transfected by genes from TLR2 or TLR4 pathways associated with secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter gene. Results None of the FA tested in HEK-Blue cells were able to activate TLR2 or TLR4, which is concordant with the fact that after FA treatment, adipose tissue and adipocytes cytokines levels remain the same as controls. However, all the PUFA tested: DHA, EPA and to a lesser extent OA down-regulated TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion in human adipose tissue and adipocytes cultures. Conclusions This study first confirms that FA do not activate TLR2 and TLR4. Moreover by using endotoxin-free BSA, both SFA and PUFA tested were not proinflammatory in human adipose tissue and adipocytes model. More interestingly we showed that some PUFA exert an anti-inflammatory action in human adipose tissue and adipocytes model. These results are important since they clarify the relationship between dietary fatty acids and inflammation linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Murumalla
- GEICO-Study Group on Chronic Inflammation and Obesity, Platform 'Cyclotron Reunion Ocean Indien' CYROI, 2 Rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion Island 97490, France
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50
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Sales V, Patti ME. The Ups and Downs of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Genomic Analyses in Humans. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012; 7:46-59. [PMID: 23459395 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We are in the midst of a worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases is critical if we are to halt their progression and ultimately prevent their development. The advent and widespread implementation of microarray technology has allowed analysis of small samples of human skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, pancreas and blood. While patterns differ in each tissue, several dominant themes have emerged from these studies, including altered expression of genes indicating increased inflammation and altered lipid and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and insulin signaling in patients with T2D, and in some cases, in those at risk for disease. Unraveling which changes in gene expression are primary, and which are secondary to an insulin resistant or diabetes metabolic milieu remains a scientific challenge but we are one step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicencia Sales
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School ; Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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