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Li J, Maruyama K, Minakuchi S, Toshimitu K, Kawamura R, Takata Y, Osawa H. Effect of high-amylose rice "Hoshinishiki" on postprandial glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:230-234. [PMID: 38799141 PMCID: PMC11111464 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of consuming Hoshinishiki, a type of high-amylose rice, on postprandial glucose as measured by continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes patients. A single-blinded clinical trial involving 11 hospitalized patients diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes was performed. The patients consumed high-amylose rice for 2 days (days 2 and 4 of the study) and control rice for 2 days (days 1 and 3 of the study). Linear mixed models were used to test the effects on the 24-h mean glucose levels, time in range (TIR), incremental area under the curve of glucose levels at 2 h after meals, the average glucose levels at 1, 2, and 3 h after meals, and the maximum glucose levels within 3 h. The results showed that the consumption of high-amylose rice led to significantly lower 24-h mean glucose levels, levels at 2 and 3 h after a meal, and postprandial glucose peak levels within 3 h, as well as significantly higher TIR. A similar trend was observed when the analysis was restricted to patients with type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that high-amylose rice may be a more beneficial staple food for glycemic control than regular rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakuchi
- Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 311 Kaminamba, Matsuyama, Ehime 799-2405, Japan
| | - Kumiko Toshimitu
- Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Kawamura
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takata
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Bohl M, Gregersen S, Zhong Y, Hebelstrup KH, Hermansen K. Beneficial glycaemic effects of high-amylose barley bread compared to wheat bread in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:243-250. [PMID: 37940671 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereals foods with a high content of dietary fibres or amylose have potential to lower postprandial glucose levels. Optimisation of cereal foods may improve management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS We investigated the impact on 4 h postprandial glucose responses given as incremental area under curve (iAUC) of bread made of either 50% RNAi-based (genetically modified) amylose-only barley flour (AmOn) (and 50% wheat flour), 50% hulless barley flour (and 50% wheat flour) or 75% hulless barley (and 25% wheat flour) in subjects with T2D compared with 100% wheat flour bread. DESIGN Twenty adults with T2D were randomly allocated to one of four breads at four separate visits. We measured fasting and 4 h postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, glucagon, triacylglycerol (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Mixed model ANOVA was used to examine the differences. RESULTS Bread made from 50% AmOn lowered the 4 h postprandial glucose by 34%, 27%, 23% (P < 0.05) compared with 100% wheat, 50% or 75% hulless barley, respectively. Bread made from 75% hulless barley reduced the postprandial glucose response (iAUC) by 11% (P < 0.05) compared to 100% wheat bread. Postprandial insulin responses (iAUC) were reduced for 50% AmOn compared with 100% wheat and 50% hulless barley and for 75% hulless compared to 50% hulless barley bread (P < 0.05). 4 h postprandial glucagon (tAUC) did not differ between the four bread types (P > 0.05). Lower postprandial GIP (iAUC) was observed after all barley breads compared to 100% wheat (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was seen in postprandial GLP-1. Postprandial TG and FFA (tAUC) were difficult to judge due to differences in fasting values. CONCLUSIONS Bread made by replacing wheat flour with either 50% high-amylose or 75% hulless barley flour lowered postprandial glucose responses compared to 100% wheat bread indicating a beneficial impact on glucose regulation in T2D subjects. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04646746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Bohl
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kim Henrik Hebelstrup
- Department of Agroecology, Section for Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Plantcarb Aps, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Li X, Petrov MS. Dietary Fibre for the Prevention of Post-Pancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:435. [PMID: 38337719 PMCID: PMC10857198 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus-the most common sequela of pancreatitis-leads to poorer glycaemic control compared with type 2 diabetes. Because post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is an exemplar of secondary diabetes (with a clear underlying cause), much post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is preventable or treatable early. Earlier literature established the important role of dietary fibre in reducing plasma glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The present review benchmarks available evidence on the role of habitual dietary fibre intake in pancreatitis and post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus. It also paves the way for future research on the use of dietary fibre in the post-pancreatitis setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim S. Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: A Review of Complex Interlinks. Metabolites 2023; 13:757. [PMID: 37367914 PMCID: PMC10304744 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has now surpassed alcohol excess as the most common cause of chronic liver disease globally, affecting one in four people. Given its prevalence, MAFLD is an important cause of cirrhosis, even though only a small proportion of patients with MAFLD ultimately progress to cirrhosis. MAFLD suffers as a clinical entity due to its insidious and often asymptomatic onset, lack of an accurate and reliable non-invasive diagnostic test, and lack of a bespoke therapy that has been designed and approved for use specifically in MAFLD. MAFLD sits at a crossroads between the gut and the periphery. The development of MAFLD (including activation of the inflammatory cascade) is influenced by gut-related factors that include the gut microbiota and intactness of the gut mucosal wall. The gut microbiota may interact directly with the liver parenchyma (through translocation via the portal vein), or indirectly through the release of metabolic metabolites that include secondary bile acids, trimethylamine, and short-chain fatty acids (such as propionate and acetate). In turn, the liver mediates the metabolic status of peripheral tissues (including insulin sensitivity) through a complex interplay of hepatokines, liver-secreted metabolites, and liver-derived micro RNAs. As such, the liver plays a key central role in influencing overall metabolic status. In this concise review, we provide an overview of the complex mechanisms whereby MAFLD influences the development of insulin resistance within the periphery, and gut-related factors impact on the development of MAFLD. We also discuss lifestyle strategies for optimising metabolic liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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Zhang J, Wang S, Wang J, Liu W, Gong H, Zhang Z, Lyu B, Yu H. Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Soybean Residue (Okara) Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects by Promoting Hepatic Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102081. [PMID: 37238899 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous investigations have shown that insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) has a potentially positive effect on obesity due to a high-fat diet (HFD). Our previous findings based on proteomic data revealed that high-purity IDF from soybean residue (okara) (HPSIDF) prevented obesity by regulating hepatic fatty acid synthesis and degradation pathways, while its intervention mechanism is uncharted. Consequently, the goal of this work is to find out the potential regulatory mechanisms of HPSIDF on hepatic fatty acid oxidation by determining changes in fatty acid oxidation-related enzymes in mitochondria and peroxisomes, the production of oxidation intermediates and final products, the composition and content of fatty acids, and the expression levels of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins in mice fed with HFD. We found that supplementation with HPSIDF significantly ameliorated body weight gain, fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis caused by HFD. Importantly, HPSIDF intervention promotes medium- and long-chain fatty acid oxidation in hepatic mitochondria by improving the contents of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), malonyl coenzyme A (Malonyl CoA), acetyl coenzyme A synthase (ACS), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1). Moreover, HPSIDF effectively regulated the expression levels of proteins involved with hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. Our study indicated that HPSIDF treatment prevents obesity by promoting hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Sinoglory Health Food Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Tsitsou S, Athanasaki C, Dimitriadis G, Papakonstantinou E. Acute Effects of Dietary Fiber in Starchy Foods on Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Crossover Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102383. [PMID: 37242267 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) consumption has been associated with improved glycemic control in epidemiological and long-term interventional studies. However, its acute effects are not yet clear. This systematic review aims to elucidate the postprandial effects of DF in starchy products on glycemia and insulinemia. An electronic search of databases was conducted, and forty-one records met the inclusion criteria and underwent a risk-of-bias assessment. It was shown that soluble DF does not clearly affect glycemia in individuals with normal weight, while resistant starch may be more effective in flattening glycemic responses. Concerning insulinemia, both soluble DF and resistant starch have mixed results, with either favorable or no effects. Data on insoluble DF and glucose metabolism are scarce. The same mixed results for glycemia can be seen in healthy volunteers with overweight/obesity, while resistant starch seems to improve insulinemic responses. Finally, more studies need to examine the acute effects of DF in starchy foods on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in individuals facing glucose abnormalities. Additionally, more studies are needed to prove whether ingesting high-fiber carbohydrate-containing products per se can result in blunted glycemic and insulinemic responses and which DF type and amount are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tsitsou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Athanasaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Health and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2150. [PMID: 37432307 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is plant-based and consists of multiple daily portions of vegetables, fruit, cereals, and olive oil. Although there are challenges with isolating the MD from the typical Mediterranean lifestyle and culture (including prolonged 'social' meals and siestas), much evidence supports the health benefits of the MD that include improved longevity, reduced metabolic risk of Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome, reduced risk of malignancy and cardiovascular disease, and improved cognitive function. The MD is also associated with characteristic modifications to gut microbiota, mediated through its constituent parts (primarily dietary fibres, extra virgin olive oil, and polyunsaturated fatty acids [including ω-3]). These include enhanced growth of species that produce short-chain fatty acids (butyrate), such as Clostridium leptum and Eubacterium rectale, enhanced growth of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, and reduced growth of Firmicutes and Blautia species. Such changes in gut microbiota are known to be associated favourably with inflammatory and oxidative status, propensity for malignancy and overall metabolic health. A key challenge for the future is to explore the extent to which the health benefits of the MD are mediated by such changes to gut microbiota. The MD confers both health and environmental benefits. Adoption of the MD should perhaps be encouraged and facilitated more generally and not just restricted to populations from Mediterranean regions. However, there are key challenges to this approach that include limited perennial availability of the constituent parts of the MD in some non-Mediterranean regions, intolerability of a high-fibre diet for some people, and potential cultural disconnects that juxtapose some traditional (including Western) diets with the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- NIHR CRF Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Wang W, Sun M, Yu J, Ma X, Han C. Relationship between Components, Intestinal Microbiota, and Mechanism of Hypoglycemic Effect of the Saggy Ink Cap Medicinal Mushroom (Coprinus Comatus, Agaricomycetes): A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:81-90. [PMID: 37947066 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Coprinus comatus is rich in a variety of nutrients, which has been reported to display a good hypoglycemic effect. However, there is no consensus on the hypoglycemic mechanism of this mushroom. Intestinal microbiota, a complex and intrinsic system, is closely related to metabolism. In this review, we discussed the potential relationship between certain components of C. comatus and intestinal microbiota to illustrate the possible hypoglycemic mechanism of C. comatus through intestinal microbiota. It will provide a new perspective for the study of hypoglycemic mechanism of C. comatus and promote the development and utilization of this mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P.R. China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P.R. China
| | - Xumin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P.R. China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
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9
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Yang S, Liu C, Ye Z, Zhou C, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhang Z, He P, Zhang Y, Li H, Qin X. Variety and Quantity of Dietary-Insoluble Fiber Intake From Different Sources and Risk of New-Onset Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:175-183. [PMID: 36074905 PMCID: PMC10091492 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The relationship between the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary-insoluble fiber intake and diabetes remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between the variety and quantity of insoluble fiber intake from 6 major food sources and new-onset diabetes, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). METHODS A total of 16 272 participants without diabetes at baseline from CHNS were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Energy-adjusted dietary intake was used in analyses. The variety score of insoluble-fiber sources was defined as the number of specific-sourced insoluble fiber consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for both types and quantity of insoluble fiber. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucose greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin A1c greater than or equal to 6.5% during follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1101 participants developed new-onset diabetes. There were U-shaped associations for energy-adjusted dietary intake of total insoluble fiber, and energy-adjusted insoluble fiber derived from refined and whole grains; and L-shaped associations for energy-adjusted insoluble fiber derived from vegetables, legumes, fruits, and tubers with new-onset diabetes (all P for nonlinearity < .001). Moreover, a higher variety score of insoluble fiber sources was significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset diabetes (per 1-score increment, hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.58-0.65). CONCLUSION There was an inverse association between the variety of insoluble fiber with appropriate quantity from different food sources and new-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qimeng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Saphyakhajorn W, Sirirat R, Sapwarobol S. Effect of defatted rice bran supplementation on metabolic parameters and inflammatory status in overweight/obese adults with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:94. [PMID: 36045411 PMCID: PMC9434873 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defatted rice bran (DRB) is a byproduct of rice bran oil production rich in fiber, protein, and antioxidant compounds that may confer beneficial effects on metabolic profiles in humans. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of DRB supplementation on anthropometric and blood biochemical indices, dietary intake, and inflammatory status in overweight/obese subjects with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS In a 12-week-randomized placebo-controlled trial, 61 overweight/obese participants with a total cholesterol level > 200 mg/dL were randomly assigned either to 30 g/d DRB (n = 30) or to 10 g/d maltodextrin (n = 31). RESULTS DRB intervention significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 4.27 and 4.50%, respectively (126.20 ± 13.63 to 120.60 ± 13.72 mmHg, p = 0.0003 and 80.87 ± 7.38 to 77.17 ± 9.83 mmHg, p = 0.0035). HbA1c also decreased significantly by 3.59% (5.89% ± 0.76% to 5.66% ± 0.62%, p = 0.0001) after DRB supplementation. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels also decreased insignificantly by 3.12, 1.32, and 1.53%, respectively, after DRB supplementation. Insignificant differences in fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, hs-CRP and homocysteine levels were also observed after DRB intervention. Reduction in caloric and fat intake were reported in DRB groups. CONCLUSIONS DRB supplementation improved blood pressure and HbA1c levels. It also lowered blood cholesterol, albeit insignificantly. Caloric and fat intake were also significantly lower after DRB supplementation. Further study is needed to evaluate the mechanisms by which DRB improves these metabolic indices. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trial Registration ( https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/. ) Thai Clinical Trial Registration number: TCTR20191020003. Registered 20 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeraya Saphyakhajorn
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Sirirat
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Suwimol Sapwarobol
- The Medical Food Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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11
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Tian M, Pak S, Ma C, Ma L, Rengasamy KRR, Xiao J, Hu X, Li D, Chen F. Chemical features and biological functions of water-insoluble dietary fiber in plant-based foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:928-942. [PMID: 36004568 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods has advanced dramatically in recent years. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the subtypes, structure, analysis, and extraction methods of IDF. The impact of different food processing methods on the properties of IDF is discussed. The role of gut microbiota in the health benefits of IDF is introduced. This review provides a better understanding of the chemical features and biological functions of IDF, which may promote the future application of IDF in functional food products. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of IDF enables the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - SolJu Pak
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Cruz N, Flores M, Urquiaga I, Ávila F. Modulation of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Postprandial Responses Mediated by Food Bioactive Components and Mediterranean Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081513. [PMID: 36009232 PMCID: PMC9405221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoxidative stress with the consequent generation of advanced glycation end products has been implied in the etiology of numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. During the postprandial state, the levels of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds can increase, depending on numerous factors, including characteristics of the subjects mainly related to glucose metabolism disorders and nutritional status, as well as properties related to the chemical composition of meals, including macronutrient composition and the presence of dietary bioactive molecules and macromolecules. In this review, we examine the chemical, biochemical, and physiological pathways that contribute to postprandial generation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. The modulation of postprandial 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds is discussed in terms of biochemical pathways regulating the levels of these compounds, as well as the effect of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean and Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cruz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Inés Urquiaga
- Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Felipe Ávila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-71-2418964
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13
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Høgvard B, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Byfuglien MG, Måge I, Knutsen SH, Ballance S, Rieder A, Rud I, Myhrstad MCW. A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:796362. [PMID: 35578615 PMCID: PMC9106798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation. Clinical Trial Registration [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03293693].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Høgvard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Måge
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Halvor Knutsen
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Guess ND. Could Dietary Modification Independent of Energy Balance Influence the Underlying Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes? Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Remission. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:603-617. [PMID: 35266093 PMCID: PMC8991239 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality clinical trial data demonstrate that remission is possible for people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) if they lose a large amount of weight (≥ 10 kg). Durable remission appears predicated on the long-term maintenance of weight loss. Unfortunately, long-term follow-up data from lifestyle-based weight loss programmes show that, on average, most people regain at least some of the weight lost. In addition, restoration of a diminished first-phase insulin response also appears necessary for durable remission, and this becomes less likely as T2D progresses. A pragmatic approach to enhance the effects of weight loss on durable remission is to consider whether dietary components could help control blood glucose, independent of caloric balance. This manuscript reviews current evidence on weight-neutral effects of diet on blood glucose, including high-protein, low-carbohydrate, high-fibre and plant-based diets, with a particular focus on the effect of nutrition on the underlying pathophysiology of T2D, including the first-phase insulin response. The importance of mechanistic data in enhancing our understanding of dietary strategies in T2D remission is described, and suggestions are made for future advances in remission research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola D Guess
- Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
- Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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15
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Faraj M, Napoli N. The Impact of Diet on Bone and Fracture Risk in Diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:26-42. [PMID: 35201556 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published scientific evidence on the effects of diet on diabetes and skeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS The impact of diet on overall health has been a growing topic of interest among researchers. An inappropriate eating habit is a relatively modified risk factor for diabetes in adults. Parallel with the significant increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, many studies have shown the benefits of lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise for people with, or at risk of developing, diabetes. In the last years, accumulating evidence suggests that diabetes is a risk factor for bone fragility. As lifestyle intervention represents an effective option for diabetes management and treatment, there is potential for an effect on bone health. Healthy lifestyle is critical to prevent bone fragility. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the impact of diet and weight loss on fracture risk in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faraj
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - N Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Rahman SS, Chowdhury SN, Salauddin M, Hosen Z, Karim MR, Rouf SMA. Comparative studies on nutrient content and antidiabetic effects of sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) fruit pulp & endosperm on rats. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Zhou C, Zhang Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Li H, He P, Li Q, Liu C, Qin X. Dietary carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in China. Metabolism 2021; 123:154865. [PMID: 34391776 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The association of carbohydrate intake with diabetes risk remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prospective associations of the amount and types of carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes. METHODS A total of 16,260 non-diabetic participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were included. Dietary intake was collected by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician diagnosed diabetes, or fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% during the follow-up were defined having new-onset diabetes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9 years (158,930 person-years), 1100 participants developed diabetes. Overall, there was a U-shaped association between percent of energy from carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with minimal risk at 49-56% of energy from total carbohydrate intake (quartile 2) (P for nonlinearity <0.001). Moreover, there was an L-shaped association between high-quality carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes (P for nonlinearity <0.001), and a J-shaped association of low-quality carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes (P for nonlinearity <0.001). Furthermore, there was an inverse association between the plant-based low-carbohydrate diet scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset diabetes. However, a reversed J-shaped association was found between the animal-based low-carbohydrate diet scores for low-quality carbohydrate and new-onset diabetes (P for nonlinearity <0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a U-shape association between percent of total carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with the lowest risk at 49-56% carbohydrate intake. Our findings provide some evidence for the intake of high-quality carbohydrate, and the substitution of plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrate for primary prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Vaughan K, Ranawana V, Cooper D, Aceves-Martins M. Effect of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and type 2 diabetic individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1194-1205. [PMID: 34549293 PMCID: PMC8990535 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Sustained hyperglycemia triggers chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes. A considerable volume of research has explored the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose control, but equivocal findings have been reported. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the evidence from human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and individuals with type 2 diabetes. Data Sources MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reports published between 2000 and 2020. Data Extraction Population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design data were extracted. Data Analysis Eighteen RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The reported results varied across and between populations. Meta-analyses showed a significant effect, favoring the intervention group for both fasting (mean difference –4.6 [95% CI –7.88, –1.33]) and postprandial (mean difference –7.1 [95% CI –7.4, –6.9]) plasma glucose. Conclusion Brown seaweed and its extracts show potential for preventing and managing hyperglycemia. Our meta-analysis confirms that brown seaweed positively affects plasma glucose homeostasis, with particularly promising postprandial plasma glucose effects. However, further research is needed because no high-quality RCT was identified. Species-specific and dose–response research is also required. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020187849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vaughan
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Cooper
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Magaly Aceves-Martins
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Mehta S, Ruth Dugas L, Choo-Kang C, Bovet P, Forrester T, Bedu-Addo K, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Riesen W, Korte W, Luke A. Consumption of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Four African-Origin Populations Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition. Nutrients 2021; 13:2442. [PMID: 34371950 PMCID: PMC8308507 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are of increasing interest because of their favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk. This study explores the association between omega 6 and 3 fatty acids intake and cardiometabolic risk in four African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. Data are obtained from a cohort of 2500 adults aged 25-45 enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), from the US, Ghana, Jamaica, and the Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24 h recalls from the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk was analyzed by comparing the lowest and highest quartile of omega-3 (EPA+ DHA) consumption and by comparing participants who consumed a ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA + DHA ≤4:1 and >4:1. Data were analyzed using multiple variable logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, activity, calorie intake, alcohol intake, and smoking status. The lowest quartile of EPA + DHA intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk 2.16 (1.45, 3.2), inflammation 1.59 (1.17, 2.16), and obesity 2.06 (1.50, 2.82). Additionally, consuming an AA/EPA + DHA ratio of >4:1 is also associated with cardiometabolic risk 1.80 (1.24, 2.60), inflammation 1.47 (1.06, 2.03), and obesity 1.72 (1.25, 2.39). Our findings corroborate previous research supporting a beneficial role for monounsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supal Mehta
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Lara Ruth Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Unit for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, Victoria P.O. Box 52, Seychelles
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; (K.B.-A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Estelle Vicki Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; (K.B.-A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (W.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (W.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
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Kabisch S, Honsek C, Kemper M, Gerbracht C, Meyer NMT, Arafat AM, Birkenfeld AL, Machann J, Dambeck U, Osterhoff MA, Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. Effects of Insoluble Cereal Fibre on Body Fat Distribution in the Optimal Fibre Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000991. [PMID: 33909947 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT) investigates metabolic effects of insoluble cereal fibre in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), showing moderate glycemic and anti-inflammatory benefits, especially in subjects with an obesity-related phenotype. An OptiFiT sub-group is analysed for effects on body fat distribution. METHODS AND RESULTS 180 participants with IGT receive a blinded, randomized supplementation with insoluble cereal fibre or placebo for 2 years. Once a year, all subjects undergo fasting blood sampling, oral glucose tolerance test, and anthropometric measurements. A subgroup (n=47) also received magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for quantification of adipose tissue distribution and liver fat content. We compared MR, metabolic and inflammatory outcomes between fibre and placebo group metabolism and inflammation. Visceral and non-visceral fat, fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and uric acid decrease only in the fibre group, mirroring effects of the entire cohort. However, after adjustment for weight loss, there are no significant between-group differences. There is a statistical trend for fibre-driven liver fat reduction in subjects with confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; n = 19). CONCLUSIONS Data and evidence on beneficial effects of insoluble cereal fibre on visceral and hepatic fatstorage is limited, but warrants further research. Targeted trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Caroline Honsek
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Christiana Gerbracht
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Nina Marie Tosca Meyer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Ayman M Arafat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 51, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ulrike Dambeck
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Martin A Osterhoff
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.,Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
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21
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Abstract
The role of carbohydrate in a healthy diet has been controversial. The confusion over carbohydrate has come from the long standing limitation of dietary recall studies as well as inability in many of these studies to delineate between the different types of carbohydrates. It is the aim of this paper, to understand and review the data on the role of carbohydrate as pertaining to weight, insulin resistance, diabetes, inflammation, lipids, as well as epidemiological data on long-term cardiovascular outcome and all-cause mortality. We have reviewed the latest epidemiological and intervention studies on fiber, whole grain, and refined carbohydrates on weight, diabetes, lipids as well as major adverse cardiac events that we deemed were scientifically rigorous. High intakes of dietary fiber and whole grains are associated with positive effects on metabolic health while diet high in sugar and refined carbohydrates have negative effects on cardiometabolic health. Consistent evidence indicates that low fat and low carbohydrate diets at comparable energy levels have similar effects on body weight. Large epidemiological studies show when carbohydrates are substituted for animal-derived fat or protein mortality increased while carbohydrate exchanged with plant based protein was associated with mortality reduction. Types of carbohydrate appear to be critical for mortality and cardiovascular events. Evidence shows that quality of the carbohydrate determine cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular events. Given that most people worldwide currently consume less than 20 g of dietary fiber per day with persistently high consumption of refined carbohydrates, current evidence emphasize the need for additional measures to increase the amount and the diversity of fiber intake for improvement of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular outcomes.
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22
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Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS, Weickert MO. Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Obesity with Associated Metabolic Abnormalities and Cognitive Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020546. [PMID: 33430419 PMCID: PMC7827338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity mediates most of its direct medical sequelae through the development of insulin resistance (IR). The cellular effects of insulin occur through two main postreceptor pathways that are the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-K) pathways. Obesity-related IR implicates the PI3-K pathway that confers the metabolic effects of insulin. Numerous and complex pathogenic pathways link obesity with the development of IR, including chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction (with the associated production of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress), gut microbiota dysbiosis and adipose extracellular matrix remodelling. IR itself plays a key role in the development of metabolic dysfunction, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia. Furthermore, IR promotes weight gain related to secondary hyperinsulinaemia, with a resulting vicious cycle of worsening IR and its metabolic sequelae. Ultimately, IR underlies obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). IR also underlies many obesity-related malignancies, through the effects of compensatory hyperinsulinaemia on the relatively intact MAP-K insulin pathway, which controls cellular growth processes and mitoses. Furthermore, the emergent data over recent decades support an important role of obesity- and T2D-related central IR in the development of cognitive dysfunction, including effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Importantly, IR is largely reversible through the optimisation of lifestyle factors that include regular engagement in physical activity with the avoidance of sedentariness, improved diet including increased fibre intake and sleep sufficiency. IR lies at the key crossroad between obesity and both metabolic and cognitive dysfunction. Given the importance of IR in the pathogenesis of many 21st century chronic diseases and its eminent reversibility, it is important that we all embrace and facilitate optimised lifestyles to improve the future health and wellbeing of the populace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (T.M.B.); (I.K.); (H.S.R.)
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (T.M.B.); (I.K.); (H.S.R.)
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (T.M.B.); (I.K.); (H.S.R.)
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (T.M.B.); (I.K.); (H.S.R.)
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Correspondence:
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23
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The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103209. [PMID: 33096647 PMCID: PMC7589116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary fibre consists of non-digestible forms of carbohydrate, usually as polysaccharides that originate from plant-based foods. Over recent decades, our diet within Westernised societies has changed radically from that of our hominid ancestors, with implications for our co-evolved gut microbiota. This includes increased ingestion of ultra-processed foods that are typically impoverished of dietary fibre, and associated reduction in the intake of fibre-replete plant-based foods. Over recent decades, there has been a transformation in our understanding of the health benefits of dietary fibre. Objective: To explore the current medical literature on the health benefits of dietary fibre, with a focus on overall metabolic health. Data Sources: We performed a narrative review, based on relevant articles written in English from a PubMed search, using the terms ‘dietary fibre and metabolic health’. Results: In the Western world, our diets are impoverished of fibre. Dietary fibre intake associates with overall metabolic health (through key pathways that include insulin sensitivity) and a variety of other pathologies that include cardiovascular disease, colonic health, gut motility and risk for colorectal carcinoma. Dietary fibre intake also correlates with mortality. The gut microflora functions as an important mediator of the beneficial effects of dietary fibre, including the regulation of appetite, metabolic processes and chronic inflammatory pathways. Conclusions: Multiple factors contribute to our fibre-impoverished modern diet. Given the plethora of scientific evidence that corroborate the multiple and varied health benefits of dietary fibre, and the risks associated with a diet that lacks fibre, the optimization of fibre within our diets represents an important public health strategy to improve both metabolic and overall health. If implemented successfully, this strategy would likely result in substantial future health benefits for the population.
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24
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Rahman SS. Is elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) tuber detrimental to patients with diabetes? (Or a myth?). Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1015-1016. [PMID: 32629328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Elephant foot yam is widely consumed as a vegetable and locally known as 'Ol' in Bangladesh. However, taboos regarding elephant foot yam are the prominent barrier for diabetic patients to consume this tuber. The study aims to judge the concept scientifically. The literature review showed that elephant foot yam tuber is a good source of carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and minerals but low in fat. Secondary metabolites viz. phytochemicals of this tuber had a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect. In conclusion, elephant foot yam tuber is safe and beneficial for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Shahinur Rahman
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
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25
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Alejandro EU, Mamerto TP, Chung G, Villavieja A, Gaus NL, Morgan E, Pineda-Cortel MRB. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5003. [PMID: 32679915 PMCID: PMC7404253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction during pregnancy, has been identified as one of the major obstacles in achieving improved maternal and child health. Approximately 9-25% of pregnancies worldwide are impacted by the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications of this disease. Here, we discuss how GDM affects longstanding maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as health risks that likely persist into future generations. In addition to the current challenges in the management and diagnosis of and the complications associated with GDM, we discuss current preclinical models of GDM to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and the timely need to increase our scientific toolbox to identify strategies to prevent and treat GDM, thereby advancing clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Therriz P. Mamerto
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Adrian Villavieja
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Nawirah Lumna Gaus
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Elizabeth Morgan
- Baystate Medical Center, Baystate Health, Springfield, MA 01199, USA;
| | - Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
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26
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Partula V, Deschasaux M, Druesne-Pecollo N, Latino-Martel P, Desmetz E, Chazelas E, Kesse-Guyot E, Julia C, Fezeu LK, Galan P, Hercberg S, Mondot S, Lantz O, Quintana-Murci L, Albert ML, Duffy D, Srour B, Touvier M. Associations between consumption of dietary fibers and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, type 2 diabetes, and mortality in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:195-207. [PMID: 32369545 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence, yet with varying levels of proof, suggests that dietary fibers (DFs) may exert a protective role against various chronic diseases, but this might depend on the DF type and source. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to assess the associations between the intake of DFs of different types [total (TDF), soluble (SF), insoluble (IF)] and from different sources (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, potatoes and tubers) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and mortality in the large-scale NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort (2009-2019). METHODS Overall, 107,377 participants were included. Usual DF intake was estimated from validated repeated 24-h dietary records over the first 2 y following inclusion in the cohort. Associations between sex-specific quintiles of DF intake and the risk of chronic diseases and mortality were assessed using multiadjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS T2D risk was inversely associated with TDFs [HR for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.82), P-trend <0.001], SFs [HR: 0.77 (0.56, 1.08); P-trend = 0.02], and IFs [HR: 0.69 (0.50, 0.96); P-trend = 0.004]. SFs were associated with a decreased risk of CVD [HR: 0.80 (0.66, 0.98); P-trend = 0.01] and colorectal cancer [HR: 0.41 (0.21, 0.79); P-trend = 0.01]. IFs were inversely associated with mortality from cancer or CVDs [HR: 0.65 (0.45, 0.94); P-trend = 0.02]. TDF intake was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer [HR:: 0.79 (0.54, 1.13); P-trend = 0.04]. DF intake from fruit was associated with the risk of several chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DF intake, especially SFs and DFs from fruits, was inversely associated with the risk of several chronic diseases and with mortality. Further studies are needed, involving different types and sources of fiber. Meanwhile, more emphasis should be put on DFs in public health nutrition policies, as DF intake remains below the recommended levels in many countries. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Partula
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Université de Paris, Université Paris-VII Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Elisa Desmetz
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Eloi Chazelas
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- MICALIS (INRAE/Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Curie Institute, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.,Clinical Investigation Center CIC-BT1428 (Institut Gustave Roussy/Institut Curie), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics laboratory (CNRS URA3012/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Insitro, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells laboratory (INSERM U1223/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | | | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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27
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Pwaniyibo SF, Teru PA, Samuel NM, Jahng WJ. Anti-diabetic effects of Ficus Asperifolia in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:605-616. [PMID: 32550213 PMCID: PMC7270378 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to determine the antidiabetic effects of leaf extract of Ficus asperifolia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS A total of ninety-five (95) adult rats were used for the experiment. The whole study protocol was divided into three sets of individual experiments. The animals were divided randomly into seven groups of five rats each. The rats were given a diet supplemented with 50 g high fat to 50 g vital feeds for two weeks. The study lasted 28 days with daily administration and weekly blood glucose and body weight check. At the end of the experiment protocol, the rats were fasted overnight and were anesthetized. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture from each animal for biochemical analysis. Metglim 3.38 mg/kg bodyweight was used as positive control. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (35 mg/kg in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline) intraperitoneally for 5 days. Phytochemicals were analyzed in both extract and fractions. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, carotenoids, terpenes, and steroids in both extract and fractions. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats were detected by systematic molecular analysis. Fraction 1 of plant extracts prevented glucose-induced hyperglycaemia 30 min' post glucose load in all rats. Streptozotocin treatment caused a significant increase (p˂0.05) in blood sugar, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoproteins and a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in food intake, body weight and high-density lipoproteins in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Treatment with the extract significantly improved the derangements caused by streptozotocin. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of Ficus asperifolia could serve as a potential treatment for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Faith Pwaniyibo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Adamawa State, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Ambrose Teru
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Adamawa State, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Nadro Margret Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Adamawa State, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Wan Jin Jahng
- Retina Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Adamawa State, Yola, Nigeria
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28
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Effects of Extrinsic Wheat Fiber Supplementation on Fecal Weight; A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020298. [PMID: 31979019 PMCID: PMC7070730 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fiber intake may confer beneficial effects on health. Our objective was to investigate the impact of 10 g extrinsic wheat fiber on fecal bulk. Therefore, we performed two randomized intervention studies in which we provided extrinsic wheat fiber-enriched products or appropriate control products for five days together with normal diet. In one trial, 10 participants received fiber-enriched food products, whereas in the second study, 19 participants supplemented their daily diet with fiber-enriched drinks. The main outcome variable of this intervention was fecal bulk. Other outcomes were gut microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids in feces, and stool consistency and frequency. Fecal wet weight was significantly increased (p < 0.02) with extrinsic wheat fiber-enriched foods. In contrast, ingestion of extrinsic wheat fiber in the form of drinks did not significantly change fecal wet weight. In both groups, fecal dry weight was not altered upon extrinsic wheat fiber supplementation. However, the intake of fiber-enriched foods resulted in higher acetic acid levels in feces compared to fiber-enriched drinks. Regarding gut microbiota profiles, extrinsic wheat fiber-enriched food products were not associated with substantial alterations. In conclusion, 10 g extrinsic wheat fiber added to a normal diet increased fecal bulk if administered in a solid food matrix, but not if applied in the form of drinks. DRKS, DRKS00015792.Registered 30 October 2018.
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29
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Hall M, Walicka M, Traczyk I. [Reactive hypoglycemia - an interdisciplinary approach of the disease of XXI Century]. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2020. [PMID: 32248180 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood glucose level in non-diabetic patients. It manifests as a syndrome of adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms in the postprandial period, and their resolution occurs after consuming carbohydrates. The etiology of reactive hypoglycemia is not fully understood. It may occur in patients after gastrointestinal surgery due to too fast gastric emptying. Decreases in postprandial glucose are also observed in people with a pre-diabetes condition in which insulin secretion is disturbed. Hypoglycaemia can also be seen in patients with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism. The aim of this study was to summarize existing knowledge about reactive hypoglycemia - etiology, diagnostic model and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Hall
- Zakład Żywienia Człowieka, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Warszawki Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska, Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii CSK MSWiA w Warszawie, Warszawa, Polska
| | - Magdalena Walicka
- Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii CSK MSWiA w Warszawie, Warszawa, Polska
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- Zakład Żywienia Człowieka, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Warszawki Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Polska
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Harris KF. An introductory review of resistant starch type 2 from high-amylose cereal grains and its effect on glucose and insulin homeostasis. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:748-764. [PMID: 31343688 PMCID: PMC6786898 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Refined carbohydrates result from milling techniques that remove the outer layers of a cereal grain and grind the endosperm into a flour ingredient that is devoid of dietary fiber. Technologies have been developed to produce high-amylose cereal grains that have a significantly higher resistant starch type 2 and thus dietary fiber content in the endosperm of the cereal grain, which has positive implications for human health. A review of the literature was conducted to study the effects of resistant starch type 2 derived from high-amylose grains on glucose and insulin response. While thousands of articles have been published on resistant starch, only 30 articles have focused on how resistant starch type 2 from high-amylose grains affects acute and long-term responses of glucose and insulin control. The findings showed that resistant starch has the ability to attenuate acute postprandial responses when replacing rapidly digestible carbohydrate sources, but there is insufficient evidence to conclude that resistant starch can improve insulin resistance and/or sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn F Harris
- Research and Development Department, Bay State Milling Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, USA
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Kabisch S, Meyer NMT, Honsek C, Gerbracht C, Dambeck U, Kemper M, Osterhoff MA, Birkenfeld AL, Arafat AM, Hjorth MF, Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. Fasting Glucose State Determines Metabolic Response to Supplementation with Insoluble Cereal Fibre: A Secondary Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102385. [PMID: 31590438 PMCID: PMC6835423 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High intake of cereal fibre is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes and long-term complications. Within the first long-term randomized controlled trial specifically targeting cereal fibre, the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT), intake of insoluble oat fibre was shown to significantly reduce glycaemia. Previous studies suggested that this effect might be limited to subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Aim: We stratified the OptiFiT cohort for normal and impaired fasting glucose (NFG, IFG) and conducted a secondary analysis comparing the effects of fibre supplementation between these subgroups. Methods: 180 Caucasian participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomized to twice-a-day fibre or placebo supplementation for 2 years (n = 89 and 91, respectively), while assuring double-blinded intervention. Fasting blood sampling, oral glucose tolerance test and full anthropometry were assessed annually. At baseline, out of 136 subjects completing the first year of intervention, 72 (54%) showed IFG and IGT, while 64 subjects had IGT only (labelled “NFG”). Based on these two groups, we performed a stratified per-protocol analysis of glycometabolic and secondary effects during the first year of intervention. Results: The NFG group did not show significant differences between fibre and placebo group concerning anthropometric, glycometabolic, or other biochemical parameters. Within the IFG stratum, 2-h glucose, HbA1c, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels decreased more in the fibre group, with a significant supplement x IFG interaction effect for HbA1c. Compared to NFG subjects, IFG subjects had larger benefits from fibre supplementation with respect to fasting glucose levels. Results were robust against adjustment for weight change and sex. An ITT analysis did not reveal any differences from the per-protocol analysis. Conclusions: Although stratification resulted in relatively small subgroups, we were able to pinpoint our previous findings from the entire cohort to the IFG subgroup. Cereal fibre can beneficially affect glycemic metabolism, with most pronounced or even isolated effectiveness in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Nina M T Meyer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Caroline Honsek
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Christiana Gerbracht
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Dambeck
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Martin A Osterhoff
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Section of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, King's College London, SE5 9NT London, UK.
| | - Ayman M Arafat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mads F Hjorth
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, CV2 2DX Coventry, UK.
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB Coventry, UK.
- Translational & Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK.
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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Lee SE, Choi Y, Jun JE, Lee YB, Jin SM, Hur KY, Ko GP, Lee MK. Additional Effect of Dietary Fiber in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Metformin and Sulfonylurea: An Open-Label, Pilot Trial. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:422-431. [PMID: 31237126 PMCID: PMC6712222 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, sulfonylurea, and dietary fiber are known to affect gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This open and single-arm pilot trial investigated the effects of the additional use of fiber on glycemic parameters, insulin, incretins, and microbiota in patients with T2DM who had been treated with metformin and sulfonylurea. METHODS Participants took fiber for 4 weeks and stopped for the next 4 weeks. Glycemic parameters, insulin, incretins during mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, and fecal microbiota were analyzed at weeks 0, 4, and 8. The first tertile of difference in glucose area under the curve during MMTT between weeks 0 and 4 was defined as 'responders' and the third as 'nonresponders,' respectively. RESULTS In all 10 participants, the peak incretin levels during MMTT were higher and LPS were lower at week 4 as compared with at baseline. While the insulin sensitivity of the 'responders' increased at week 4, that of the 'nonresponders' showed opposite results. However, the results were not statistically significant. In all participants, metabolically unfavorable microbiota decreased at week 4 and were restored at week 8. At baseline, metabolically hostile bacteria were more abundant in the 'nonresponders.' In 'responders,' Roseburia intestinalis increased at week 4. CONCLUSION While dietary fiber did not induce additional changes in glycemic parameters, it showed a trend of improvement in insulin sensitivity in 'responders.' Even if patients are already receiving diabetes treatment, the additional administration of fiber can lead to additional benefits in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongbin Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Pyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Belobrajdic DP, Regina A, Klingner B, Zajac I, Chapron S, Berbezy P, Bird AR. High-Amylose Wheat Lowers the Postprandial Glycemic Response to Bread in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2019; 149:1335-1345. [PMID: 31162585 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional wheat-based foods contain high concentrations of readily digestible starch that commonly give these foods a high postprandial glycemic response and may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if bread made from high-amylose wheat (HAW) and enriched in resistant starch dampens postprandial glycemia compared with bread made from conventional low-amylose wheat (LAW). METHODS This single-center, randomized, double-blinded, crossover controlled study involved 7 consecutive weekly visits. On separate mornings, 20 healthy nondiabetic men and women (mean age 30 ± 3 y; body mass index 23 ± 0.7 kg/m2) consumed a glucose beverage or 4 different breads (each 121 g); LAW-R (refined), LAW-W (wholemeal), HAW-R, or HAW-W. The starch contents of the LAW and HAW breads were 24% and 74% amylose, respectively. Venous blood samples were collected at regular intervals before and for 3 h after the breakfast meal to measure plasma glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and incretin hormone concentrations, and the incremental area under the curve (AUC) was calculated (mmol/L × 3 h). Satiety and cravings were also measured at 30-min intervals during the postprandial period. RESULTS HAW breads had a glycemic response (AUC) that was 39% less than that achieved with conventional wheat breads (HAW 39 ± 5 mmol/L × 3 h; LAW 64 ± 5 mmol/L × 3 h; P < 0.0001). Insulinemic and incretin responses were 24-30% less for HAW breads than for LAW breads (P < 0.05). Processing of the flour (wholemeal or refined) did not affect the glycemic, insulinemic, or incretin response. The HAW breads did not influence plasma ghrelin, or subjective measures of satiety or cravings during the postprandial period. CONCLUSIONS Replacing LAW with HAW flour may be an effective strategy for lowering postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to bread in healthy men and women, but further research is warranted. This trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12616001289404.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Zajac
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, Australia
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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:1-18. [PMID: 31358075 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose. Diet modification is a safe and effective way to treat the metabolic syndrome. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in meats and sweets. DASH provides good amounts of fibre, K, Ca and Mg, and limited quantities of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and Na. Although DASH was initially designed for the prevention or control of hypertension, using a DASH diet has other metabolic benefits. In the present review, the effect of each dietary component of DASH on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is discussed. Due to limited fat and high fibre and Ca content, individuals on the DASH diet are less prone to overweight and obesity and possess lower concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol although changes in TAG and HDL-cholesterol have been less significant and available evidence in this regard is still inconclusive. Moreover, high amounts of fruit and vegetables in DASH provide great quantities of K, Mg and fibre, all of which have been shown to reduce blood pressure. K, Mg, fibre and antioxidants have also been effective in correcting glucose and insulin abnormalities. Evidence is provided from cross-sectional investigations, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and, where available, from published meta-analyses. Mechanisms are described according to human studies and, in the case of a lack of evidence, from animal and cell culture investigations.
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How Satiating Are the 'Satiety' Peptides: A Problem of Pharmacology versus Physiology in the Development of Novel Foods for Regulation of Food Intake. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071517. [PMID: 31277416 PMCID: PMC6682889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel foods to suppress energy intake and promote negative energy balance and weight loss has been a long-term but commonly unsuccessful challenge. Targeting regulation of appetite is of interest to public health researchers and industry in the quest to develop ‘functional’ foods, but poor understanding of the underpinning mechanisms regulating food intake has hampered progress. The gastrointestinal (GI) or ‘satiety’ peptides including cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) secreted following a meal, have long been purported as predictive biomarkers of appetite response, including food intake. Whilst peptide infusion drives a clear change in hunger/fullness and eating behaviour, inducing GI-peptide secretion through diet may not, possibly due to modest effects of single meals on peptide levels. We conducted a review of 70 dietary preload (DIET) and peptide infusion (INFUSION) studies in lean healthy adults that reported outcomes of CCK, GLP-1 and PYY. DIET studies were acute preload interventions. INFUSION studies showed that minimum increase required to suppress ad libitum energy intake for CCK, GLP-1 and PYY was 3.6-, 4.0- and 3.1-fold, respectively, achieved through DIET in only 29%, 0% and 8% of interventions. Whether circulating ‘thresholds’ of peptide concentration likely required for behavioural change can be achieved through diet is questionable. As yet, no individual or group of peptides can be measured in blood to reliably predict feelings of hunger and food intake. Developing foods that successfully target enhanced secretion of GI-origin ‘satiety’ peptides for weight loss remains a significant challenge.
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Shah M, Garg A. The relationships between macronutrient and micronutrient intakes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asians: A review. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:500-507. [PMID: 31126704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians (SA) have increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The role of nutrient intakes in T2DM in SA is not well understood, however. OBJECTIVE The paper reviewed the relationship between macronutrient and micronutrients intakes and T2DM in SA. METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched for relevant papers on this topic in SA. RESULTS There was some evidence that dietary fiber and linoleic acid intake may reduce but carbohydrates may increase the risk of T2DM. Some studies found higher energy from protein and fat in subjects with T2DM versus controls. Other studies, however, found lower carbohydrate intake among those with T2DM or no relationship between diet composition and T2DM. Several vitamins and minerals were also inversely related to T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The data were limited to a few epidemiological studies. Most studies did not distinguish between undiagnosed and known T2DM. Subjects with known T2DM are more likely to have changed their diet. Prospective cohort or randomized controlled studies examining the role of diet composition, using precise image-assisted dietary assessment method and blood biomarkers, in the development of T2DM among migrant and native SA are needed. Lastly, a more complete nutrient database for foods consumed by SA is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Shah
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America.
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
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Wu W, Qiu J, Wang A, Li Z. Impact of whole cereals and processing on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1447-1474. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1574708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of nutrition and food safety, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
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Salah Moha S, Elkhamisy AES. Anti-diabetic Potential of Cordia dichotoma Pulp and Peel (Functional Fiber) in Type II Diabetic Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.102.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bader Ul Ain H, Saeed F, Ahmad N, Imran A, Niaz B, Afzaal M, Imran M, Tufail T, Javed A. Functional and health-endorsing properties of wheat and barley cell wall’s non-starch polysaccharides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1489837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Bader Ul Ain
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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40
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Honsek C, Kabisch S, Kemper M, Gerbracht C, Arafat AM, Birkenfeld AL, Dambeck U, Osterhoff MA, Weickert MO, Pfeiffer AFH. Fibre supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and improvement of glucose metabolism: the randomised controlled Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT). Diabetologia 2018; 61:1295-1305. [PMID: 29492637 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insoluble cereal fibres have been shown in large prospective cohort studies to be highly effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, but there is a lack of interventional data. Our 2 year randomised double-blind prospective intervention study compared the effect of an insoluble oat fibre extract with that of placebo on glucose metabolism and incidence of diabetes. METHODS A total of 180 participants with impaired glucose tolerance underwent a modified version of the 1 year lifestyle training programme PREvention of DIAbetes Self-management (PREDIAS) and were randomised to receive a fibre supplement (n = 89; 7.5 g of insoluble fibre per serving) or placebo (n = 91; 0.8 g of insoluble fibre per serving) twice daily for 2 years. Eligible participants were men and women, were at least 18 years old and did not report corticosteroid or other intensive anti-inflammatory treatment, fibre intolerance or any of the following disorders: overt diabetes, chronic or malignant disease, or severe cardiopulmonary, endocrine, psychiatric, gastrointestinal, autoimmune or eating disorder. Participants were recruited at two clinical wards in Berlin and Nuthetal. The allocation was blinded to participants and study caregivers (physicians, dietitians, study nurses). Randomisation was conducted by non-clinical staff, providing neutrally numbered supplement tins. Both supplements were similar in their visual, olfactory and gustatory appearance. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied to all individuals. RESULTS After 1 year, 2 h OGTT levels decreased significantly in both groups but without a significant difference between the groups (fibre -0.78 ± 1.88 mmol/l [p ≤ 0.001] vs placebo -0.46 ± 1.80 mmol/l [p = 0.020]; total difference 0.32 ± 0.29 mmol/l; not significant). The 2 year incidence of diabetes was 9/89 (fibre group) compared with 16/91 (placebo group; difference not significant). As secondary outcomes, the change in HbA1c level was significantly different between the two groups (-0.2 ± 4.6 mmol/mol [-0.0 ± 0.0%; not significant] vs +1.2 ± 5.2 mmol/mol [+0.1 ± 0.0%; not significant]; total difference 1.4 ± 0.7 mmol/mol [0.1 + 0.0%]); p = 0.018); insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin clearance increased in both groups. After 2 years, improved insulin sensitivity was still present in both groups, although the effect size had diminished. Separate analysis of the sexes revealed a significantly greater reduction in 2 h glucose levels for women in the fibre group (-0.88 ± 1.59 mmol/l [p ≤ 0.001] vs -0.22 ± 1.52 mmol/l [p = 0.311]; total difference 0.67 ± 0.31 mmol/l; p = 0.015). Levels of fasting glucose, adipokines and inflammatory markers remained unchanged in the two groups. Significantly increased fibre intake was restricted to the fibre group, despite dietary counselling for both groups. No severe side effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We cannot currently provide strong evidence for a beneficial effect of insoluble cereal fibre on glycaemic metabolism, although further studies may support minor effects of fibre supplementation in reducing glucose levels, insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT01681173 Funding: German Diabetes Foundation (grant no. 232/11/08).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Honsek
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christiana Gerbracht
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ayman M Arafat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- Studienzentrum für Metabolisch-Vaskuläre Medizin, Gesellschaft für Wissens- und Technologietransfer TU Dresden (GWT-TUD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Dambeck
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Martin A Osterhoff
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, The ARDEN NET Centre, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Center of Excellence (ENETS CoE), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Centre of Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
- Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Müller M, Canfora EE, Blaak EE. Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health: Modulation by Dietary Fibers. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030275. [PMID: 29495569 PMCID: PMC5872693 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal transit time may be an important determinant of glucose homeostasis and metabolic health through effects on nutrient absorption and microbial composition, among other mechanisms. Modulation of gastrointestinal transit may be one of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of dietary fibers. These effects include improved glucose homeostasis and a reduced risk of developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we first discuss the regulation of gastric emptying rate, small intestinal transit and colonic transit as well as their relation to glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. Subsequently, we briefly address the reported health effects of different dietary fibers and discuss to what extent the fiber-induced health benefits may be mediated through modulation of gastrointestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattea Müller
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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42
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Murray M, Dordevic AL, Ryan L, Bonham MP. The Impact of a Single Dose of a Polyphenol-Rich Seaweed Extract on Postprandial Glycaemic Control in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E270. [PMID: 29495492 PMCID: PMC5872688 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a polyphenol-rich seaweed extract on postprandial glycaemia in healthy adults, and, as a secondary outcome, the influence of ethnicity on these outcomes. Thirty-eight volunteers (26 non-Asian, 12 Asian) aged 19 to 56 years participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised cross-over trial. Participants each consumed a low (500 mg), and high (2000 mg) dose of the polyphenol-rich brown seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) extract, as well as a cellulose placebo (2000 mg), 30 min prior to 50 g of available carbohydrate from white bread. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured over two hours (fasting, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min) from a finger prick blood sample. Data were analysed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Compared with the placebo, neither dose had a lowering effect on postprandial glucose or insulin responses. However, individuals of an Asian background experienced consistently elevated plasma insulin responses, assessed using an incremental area under the curve, compared with non-Asian participants, irrespective of supplement (p = 0.016). These results suggest an increased risk of insulin resistance among Asian populations, compared with non-Asian, and that measurement of blood glucose levels alone may be insufficient to diagnose diabetes risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland.
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
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43
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McCool KE, Rudinsky AJ, Parker VJ, Herbert CO, Gilor C. The effect of diet, adiposity, and weight loss on the secretion of incretin hormones in cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 62:67-75. [PMID: 29128557 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Degree of adiposity and dietary macronutrient composition affect incretin hormone secretion in humans and mice, but little is known about their effect in cats. In this study, 7 overweight cats were fed a maintenance diet (MD) for at least 2 wk followed by a reduced calorie diet (RCD), which was lower in fat and higher in carbohydrates and fiber. Cats were fed ad libitum initially, and then, food was restricted to achieve 1%-2% loss of body weight weekly (11 wk). When lean, cats were fed MD for 2 wk. A standardized meal test (SMT) using a third diet was performed after at least 7 d on each diet, before and after weight loss (four SMT's total). Glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentrations were measured immediately before and over 6 h after feeding the SMT. Area under the curve (AUC) was compared for GLP-1, GIP, and insulin concentrations using 2-way analysis of variance. Leaner cats had increased GIPAUC compared to obese cats (P = 0.025). There was a trend toward increased GIPAUC on RCD compared to the MD (P = 0.085). There was a moderate negative correlation between body fat percentage and GLP-1AUC (r = -0.45; P = 0.05). There was no effect of diet on GLP-1AUC. In conclusion, degree of adiposity and dietary macronutrient content could be important in determining GIP responses not only acutely but also on a long-term basis. Further investigation of GIP responses in cats should take both diet and degree of adiposity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E McCool
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A J Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - V J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C O Herbert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp St, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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44
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Microbial Regulation of Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 9:genes9010010. [PMID: 29286343 PMCID: PMC5793163 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a combined disease, resulting from a hyperglycemia and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance. Recent data suggest that the gut microbiota is involved in diabetes development, altering metabolic processes including glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Thus, type 2 diabetes patients show a microbial dysbiosis, with reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and elevated potential pathogens compared to metabolically healthy individuals. Furthermore, probiotics are a known tool to modulate the microbiota, having a therapeutic potential. Current literature will be discussed to elucidate the complex interaction of gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and inflammation leading to peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance. Therefore, this review aims to generate a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of potential microbial strains, which can be used as probiotics.
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45
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Hosoda Y, Okahara F, Mori T, Deguchi J, Ota N, Osaki N, Shimotoyodome A. Dietary steamed wheat bran increases postprandial fat oxidation in association with a reduced blood glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response in mice. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1361778. [PMID: 28970776 PMCID: PMC5614337 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1361778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. Previous studies demonstrated that chronic feeding of steamed wheat bran (WB) decreases obesity. To clarify the underlying mechanism and the responsible component for the anti-obesity effects of steamed WB, we investigated the effects of dietary steamed WB and arabinoxylan on postprandial energy metabolism and blood variables. Overnight-fasted male C57BL/6J mice were fed an isocaloric diet with or without steamed WB (30%). Energy metabolism was evaluated using an indirect calorimeter, and plasma glucose, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were measured for 120 min after feeding. We similarly investigated the effect of arabinoxylan, a major component of steamed WB. Mice fed the WB diet had higher postprandial fat oxidation and a lower blood GIP response compared with mice fed the control diet. Mice fed the arabinoxylan diet exhibited a dose-dependent postprandial blood GIP response; increasing the arabinoxylan content in the diet led to a lower postprandial blood GIP response. The arabinoxylan-fed mice also had higher fat oxidation and energy expenditure compared with the control mice. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that dietary steamed WB increases fat oxidation in mice. Increased fat oxidation may have a significant role in the anti-obesity effects of steamed WB. The postprandial effects of steamed WB are due to arabinoxylan, a major component of WB. The reduction of the postprandial blood GIP response may be responsible for the increase in postprandial fat utilization after feeding on a diet containing steamed WB and arabinoxylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Hosoda
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Okahara
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jun Deguchi
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Noriko Osaki
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
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Mogoş T, Dondoi C, Iacobini AE. A Review of Dietary Fiber in the Diabetic Diet. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rjdnmd-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary fibers are a type of carbohydrates that are found in plant-based foods. They are not absorbed or digested by the body, but play an important role in maintaining good health. There are two types of dietary fiber - soluble and insoluble. Most foods contain both types, but are usually richer in one type than the other. Current evidence suggests that high-fiber diets, especially of the soluble variety, may offer some improvement in weight management, in carbohydrate metabolism, lower total and LDL cholesterol, and have other positive effects in patients diagnosed with diabetes (improvement of insulin sensitivity, modulation of the secretion of certain gut hormones, improvement of various metabolic and inflammatory markers associated with the metabolic syndrome), thus reducing the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. The aim of our review is to reinforce the role of dietary fiber in the improvement of diabetes management
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberius Mogoş
- „Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Ion Movilă Street, No. 5-7, Bucharest , Romania
| | - Carmen Dondoi
- „Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest , Romania
| | - Andra Evelin Iacobini
- „Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest , Romania
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47
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Ma Z, Boye JI. Research advances on structural characterization of resistant starch and its structure-physiological function relationship: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1059-1083. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1230537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Joyce I. Boye
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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48
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Edinburgh RM, Betts JA, Burns SF, Gonzalez JT. Concordant and divergent strategies to improve postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism. NUTR BULL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. F. Burns
- Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
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Orange Pomace Improves Postprandial Glycemic Responses: An Acute, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial in Overweight Men. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020130. [PMID: 28208806 PMCID: PMC5331561 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange pomace (OP), a fiber-rich byproduct of juice production, has the potential for being formulated into a variety of food products. We hypothesized that OP would diminish postprandial glycemic responses to a high carbohydrate/fat breakfast and lunch. We conducted an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, crossover trial with 34 overweight men who consumed either a 255 g placebo (PLA), a low (35% OP (LOP)), or a high (77% (HOP)) dose OP beverage with breakfast. Blood was collected at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, and 8 h. Lunch was consumed after the 5.5-h blood draw. OP delayed the time (Tmax1) to the maximum concentration (Cmax1) of serum glucose during the 2-h period post breakfast by ≥36% from 33 (PLA) to 45 (HOP) and 47 (LOP) min (p = 0.055 and 0.013, respectively). OP decreased post-breakfast insulin Cmax1 by ≥10% and LOP delayed the Tmax1 by 14 min, compared to PLA at 46 min (p ≤ 0.05). HOP reduced the first 2-h insulin area under concentration time curve (AUC) by 23% compared to PLA. Thus, OP diminishes postprandial glycemic responses to a high carbohydrate/fat breakfast and the second meal in overweight men.
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50
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He LX, Zhao J, Huang YS, Li Y. The difference between oats and beta-glucan extract intake in the management of HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2016; 7:1413-28. [PMID: 26840185 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing oats and beta-glucan extract intake has been associated with improved glycemic control, which is associated with the reduction in the development of diabetes. This study aims to assess the different effects between oat (whole and bran) and beta-glucan extract intake on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. PubMed, Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched up to February 2014. We included randomized controlled trials with interventions that lasted at least four weeks that compared oats and beta-glucan (extracted from oats or other sources) intake with a control. A total of 1351 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 18 studies (n = 1024). Oat product dose ranged from 20 g d(-1) to 136 g d(-1), and beta-glucan extract dose ranged from 3 g d(-1) to 10 g d(-1). Compared with the control, oat intake resulted in a greater decrease in fasting glucose and insulin of subjects (P < 0.05), but beta-glucan extract intake did not. Furthermore, oat intake resulted in a greater decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P < 0.001, I(2) = 0%) and fasting glucose (P < 0.001, I(2) = 68%) after removing one study using a concentrate and a different design and fasting insulin of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (P < 0.001, I(2) = 0%). The intake of oats and beta-glucan extracted from oats were effective in decreasing fasting glucose (P = 0.007, I(2) = 91%) and fasting insulin of T2D (P < 0.001, I(2) = 0%) and tented to lower HbA1c (P = 0.09, I(2) = 92%). Higher consumption of whole oats and oat bran, but not oat or barley beta-glucan extracts, are associated with lower HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting insulin of T2D, hyperlipidaemic and overweight subjects, especially people with T2D, which supports the need for clinical trials to evaluate the potential role of oats in approaching to the management of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity of diabetes or metabolic syndrome subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-xia He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-sheng Huang
- Department of Empidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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