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Ruiz-Otero N, Tessem JS, Banerjee RR. Pancreatic islet adaptation in pregnancy and postpartum. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:834-847. [PMID: 38697900 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets, particularly insulin-producing β-cells, are central regulators of glucose homeostasis capable of responding to a variety of metabolic stressors. Pregnancy is a unique physiological stressor, necessitating the islets to adapt to the complex interplay of maternal and fetal-placental factors influencing the metabolic milieu. In this review we highlight studies defining gestational adaptation mechanisms within maternal islets and emerging studies revealing islet adaptations during the early postpartum and lactation periods. These include adaptations in both β and in 'non-β' islet cells. We also discuss insights into how gestational and postpartum adaptation may inform pregnancy-specific and general mechanisms of islet responses to metabolic stress and contribute to investigation of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelmari Ruiz-Otero
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeffery S Tessem
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84601, USA
| | - Ronadip R Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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2
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Milešević M, Matić Jelić I, Rumenović V, Ivanjko N, Vukičević S, Bordukalo-Nikšić T. The Influence of BMP6 on Serotonin and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7842. [PMID: 39063084 PMCID: PMC11276723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a potential role of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) in glucose metabolism, which also seems to be regulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT), a biogenic amine with multiple roles in the organism. In this study, we explored possible interactions between BMP6, serotonin, and glucose metabolism regulation. The effect of BMP6 or 5HT on pancreatic β-cells has been studied in vitro using the INS-1 832/13 rat insulinoma cell line. Studies in vivo have been performed on mice with the global deletion of the Bmp6 gene (BMP6-/-) and included glucose and insulin tolerance tests, gene expression studies using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA analyses. We have shown that BMP6 and 5HT treatments have the opposite effect on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. The effect of BMP6 on the 5HT system in vivo depends on the tissue studied, with no observable systemic effect on peripheral 5HT metabolism. BMP6 deficiency does not cause diabetic changes, although a mild difference in insulin tolerance test between BMP6-/- and WT mice was observed. In conclusion, BMP6 does not directly influence glucose metabolism, but there is a possibility that its deletion causes slowly developing changes in glucose and serotonin metabolism, which would become more expressed with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatjana Bordukalo-Nikšić
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.M.J.); (V.R.); (N.I.); (S.V.)
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3
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Roberts FL, Cataldo LR, Fex M. Monoamines' role in islet cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:1045-1058. [PMID: 37722934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The two monoamines serotonin and melatonin have recently been highlighted as potent regulators of islet hormone secretion and overall glucose homeostasis in the body. In fact, dysregulated signaling of both amines are implicated in β-cell dysfunction and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serotonin is a key player in β-cell physiology and plays a role in expansion of β-cell mass. Melatonin regulates circadian rhythm and nutrient metabolism and reduces insulin release in human and rodent islets in vitro. Herein, we focus on the role of serotonin and melatonin in islet physiology and the pathophysiology of T2DM. This includes effects on hormone secretion, receptor expression, genetic variants influencing β-cell function, melatonin treatment, and compounds that alter serotonin availability and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louise Roberts
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden.
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4
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Grupe K, Scherneck S. Mouse Models of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Subtypes: Recent Insights and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065982. [PMID: 36983056 PMCID: PMC10058162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently the most common complication of pregnancy and is defined as a glucose intolerance disorder with recognition during pregnancy. GDM is considered a uniform group of patients in conventional guidelines. In recent years, evidence of the disease's heterogeneity has led to a growing understanding of the value of dividing patients into different subpopulations. Furthermore, in view of the increasing incidence of hyperglycemia outside pregnancy, it is likely that many cases diagnosed as GDM are in fact patients with undiagnosed pre-pregnancy impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Experimental models contribute significantly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of GDM and numerous animal models have been described in the literature. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the existing mouse models of GDM, in particular those that have been obtained by genetic manipulation. However, these commonly used models have certain limitations in the study of the pathogenesis of GDM and cannot fully describe the heterogeneous spectrum of this polygenic disease. The polygenic New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse is introduced as a recently emerged model of a subpopulation of GDM. Although this strain lacks conventional GDM, it exhibits prediabetes and an IGT both preconceptionally and during gestation. In addition, it should be emphasized that the choice of an appropriate control strain is of great importance in metabolic studies. The commonly used control strain C57BL/6N, which exhibits IGT during gestation, is discussed in this review as a potential model of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupe
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Goyvaerts L, Schraenen A, Lemaire K, Veld PI, Smolders I, Maroteaux L, Schuit F. Normal Pregnancy-Induced Islet Beta Cell Proliferation in Mouse Models That Are Deficient in Serotonin-Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415816. [PMID: 36555462 PMCID: PMC9779327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During mouse pregnancy placental lactogens stimulate prolactin receptors on pancreatic islet beta cells to induce expression of the tryptophan hydroxylase Tph1, resulting in the synthesis and secretion of serotonin. Presently, the functional relevance of this phenomenon is unclear. One hypothesis is that serotonin-induced activation of 5-HT2B receptors on beta cells stimulates beta cell proliferation during pregnancy. We tested this hypothesis via three different mouse models: (i) total Tph1KO mice, (ii) 129P2/OlaHsd mice, which are incompetent to upregulate islet Tph1 during pregnancy, whereas Tph1 is normally expressed in the intestine, mammary glands, and placenta, and (iii) Htr2b-deficient mice. We observed normal pregnancy-induced levels of beta cell proliferation in total Tph1KO mice, 129P2/OlaHsd mice, and in Htr2b-/- mice. The three studied mouse models indicate that islet serotonin production and its signaling via 5-HT2B receptors are not required for the wave of beta cell proliferation that occurs during normal mouse pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Goyvaerts
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anica Schraenen
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Lemaire
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter in’t Veld
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- INSERM UMR-U1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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6
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Liu B, Ruz‐Maldonado I, Toczyska K, Olaniru OE, Zariwala MG, Hopkins D, Zhao M, Persaud SJ. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine has direct effects on beta cells, promoting insulin secretion and increasing beta-cell mass. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2038-2050. [PMID: 35676820 PMCID: PMC9545812 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether therapeutically relevant concentrations of fluoxetine, which have been shown to reduce plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin independent of changes in food intake and body weight, regulate beta-cell function and improve glucose homeostasis. METHODS Cell viability, insulin secretion, beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed after exposure of MIN6 beta cells or isolated mouse and human islets to 0.1, 1 or 10 μmol/L fluoxetine. The effect of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg body weight) administration on glucose homeostasis and islet function was also examined in ob/ob mice. RESULTS Exposure of MIN6 cells and mouse islets to 0.1 and 1 μmol/L fluoxetine for 72 hours did not compromise cell viability but 10 μmol/L fluoxetine significantly increased Trypan blue uptake. The dose of 1 μmol/L fluoxetine significantly increased beta-cell proliferation and protected islet cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis. In addition, 1 μmol/L fluoxetine induced rapid and reversible potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from islets isolated from mice, and from lean and obese human donors. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of fluoxetine to ob/ob mice over 14 days improved glucose tolerance and resulted in significant increases in beta-cell proliferation and enhanced insulin secretory capacity. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with a role for fluoxetine in regulating glucose homeostasis through direct effects on beta cells. Fluoxetine thus demonstrates promise as a preferential antidepressant for patients with concomitant occurrence of depression and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Inmaculada Ruz‐Maldonado
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT) Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism (ICSNM)Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Klaudia Toczyska
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Oladapo E. Olaniru
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David Hopkins
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shanta J. Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Ramos-Martínez E, Ramos-Martínez I, Valencia J, Ramos-Martínez JC, Hernández-Zimbrón L, Rico-Luna A, Pérez-Campos E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Cerbón M. Modulatory role of prolactin in type 1 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 44:79-88. [PMID: 35852366 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have been reported to have elevated prolactin levels and a possible relationship between prolactin levels and the development of the disease has been proposed. However, some studies show that prolactin mediates beneficial functions in beta cells. Therefore, we review information on the roles of prolactin in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Content
Here we summarize the functions of prolactin in the immune system and in pancreatic beta cells, in addition, we describe studies related to PRL levels, its regulation and alterations of secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Summary
Studies in murine models have shown that prolactin protects beta cells from apoptosis, stimulates their proliferation and promotes pancreatic islet revascularization. In addition, some studies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have shown that elevated prolactin levels correlate with better disease control.
Outlook
Prolactin treatment appears to be a promising strategy to improve beta-cell vascularization and proliferation in transplantation and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Jorge Valencia
- Endocrine Research Unit , UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez
- Cardiology Department , Hospital General Regional Lic Ignacio Garcia Tellez IMSS , Mérida , Yucatán , México
| | - Luis Hernández-Zimbrón
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Licenciatura en Optometría, Unidad León , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Anaiza Rico-Luna
- Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
| | | | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO. Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca , Oaxaca , México
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana. Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , México
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8
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Salazar-Petres ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Pregnancy-induced changes in β-cell function: what are the key players? J Physiol 2021; 600:1089-1117. [PMID: 33704799 DOI: 10.1113/jp281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β-cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β-cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β-cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β-cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou F, Zhu K, Zhu Q, Liu Q, Liu Y, Jiang L, Ning G, Bi Y, Zhou L, Wang X. Protein acetylation derepresses Serotonin Synthesis to potentiate Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function through HDAC1-PKA-Tph1 signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7351-7368. [PMID: 32641996 PMCID: PMC7330849 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Protein acetylation is tightly linked to transcriptional control and energy metabolism. However, the role of protein acetylation in islet function remains enigmatic. This study aims to determine how protein acetylation controls β-cell function and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: The gene-expression profiles were analyzed for rat islets in response to two histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Insulin secretion, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) expression, and serotonin synthesis of rat islets were detected after HDAC inhibitor treatment both in vivo and ex vivo. β-cell-specific Tph1-overexpressing transgenic rats and β-cell-specific Tph1 knockout mice were constructed to evaluate the role of Tph1 in β-cell function. The deacetylation of PKA in β-cells by HDAC1 was investigated by adenoviral infection, immunoprecipitation, and western blot. Results: Inhibition of HDACs greatly potentiated pancreatic β-cell function and reprogrammed transcriptional landscape of islets. Among the commonly up-regulated genes by two pan-HDAC inhibitors, Tph1 displayed the most prominent change. Specifically, inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 by MS-275 strongly promoted Tph1 expression and endogenous serotonin synthesis in rat islets, concomitantly with enhanced insulin secretory capacity in vivo and ex vivo. β-cell-specific Tph1-overexpressing transgenic rats exhibited improved glucose tolerance and amplified glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. On the contrary, β-cell-specific Tph1 knockout mice displayed glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion with aging. Moreover, depletion of Tph1 in β-cells abrogated MS-275-induced insulin hypersecretion. Overexpression of HDAC1, not HDAC3, inhibited Tph1 transcriptional activity and decreased MS-275-stimulated Tph1 expression. Mechanistically, HDAC1 deacetylated PKA catalytic subunit and decreased its activity, resulting in Tph1 transcriptional repression. The acetylation mimetic K62Q mutant of PKA increased its catalytic activity. HDAC1 inhibition exerted a synergistic effect with cAMP/PKA signal on Tph1 expression. Conclusions: The present findings highlight a novel role of HDAC1-PKA-Tph1 signaling in governing β-cell functional compensation by derepressing serotonin synthesis.
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Moon JH, Kim YG, Kim K, Osonoi S, Wang S, Saunders DC, Wang J, Yang K, Kim H, Lee J, Jeong JS, Banerjee RR, Kim SK, Wu Y, Mizukami H, Powers AC, German MS, Kim H. Serotonin Regulates Adult β-Cell Mass by Stimulating Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2020; 69:205-214. [PMID: 31806625 PMCID: PMC6971487 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient β-cell mass is crucial for preventing diabetes, and perinatal β-cell proliferation is important in determining the adult β-cell mass. However, it is not yet known how perinatal β-cell proliferation is regulated. Here, we report that serotonin regulates β-cell proliferation through serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) in an autocrine/paracrine manner during the perinatal period. In β-cell-specific Tph1 knockout (Tph1 βKO) mice, perinatal β-cell proliferation was reduced along with the loss of serotonin production in β-cells. Adult Tph1 βKO mice exhibited glucose intolerance with decreased β-cell mass. Disruption of Htr2b in β-cells also resulted in decreased perinatal β-cell proliferation and glucose intolerance in adulthood. Growth hormone (GH) was found to induce serotonin production in β-cells through activation of STAT5 during the perinatal period. Thus, our results indicate that GH-GH receptor-STAT5-serotonin-HTR2B signaling plays a critical role in determining the β-cell mass by regulating perinatal β-cell proliferation, and defects in this pathway affect metabolic phenotypes in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeong Gi Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyuho Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease and National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Juehu Wang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine Yang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ronadip R Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease and National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael S German
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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11
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Banerjee RR. Piecing together the puzzle of pancreatic islet adaptation in pregnancy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1411:120-139. [PMID: 29377199 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy places acute demands on maternal physiology, including profound changes in glucose homeostasis. Gestation is characterized by an increase in insulin resistance, counterbalanced by an adaptive increase in pancreatic β cell production of insulin. Failure of normal adaptive responses of the islet to increased maternal and fetal demands manifests as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The gestational changes and rapid reversal of islet adaptations following parturition are at least partly driven by an anticipatory program rather than post-factum compensatory adaptations. Here, I provide a comprehensive review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying normal islet adaptation during pregnancy and how dysregulation may lead to GDM. Emerging areas of interest and understudied areas worthy of closer examination in the future are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronadip R Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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12
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Veres A, Faust AL, Bushnell HL, Engquist EN, Kenty JHR, Harb G, Poh YC, Sintov E, Gürtler M, Pagliuca FW, Peterson QP, Melton DA. Charting cellular identity during human in vitro β-cell differentiation. Nature 2019; 569:368-373. [PMID: 31068696 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human stem cells can produce pancreatic β-cells; the loss of this insulin-secreting cell type underlies type 1 diabetes. Here, as a step towards understanding this differentiation process, we report the transcriptional profiling of more than 100,000 human cells undergoing in vitro β-cell differentiation, and describe the cells that emerged. We resolve populations that correspond to β-cells, α-like poly-hormonal cells, non-endocrine cells that resemble pancreatic exocrine cells and a previously unreported population that resembles enterochromaffin cells. We show that endocrine cells maintain their identity in culture in the absence of exogenous growth factors, and that changes in gene expression associated with in vivo β-cell maturation are recapitulated in vitro. We implement a scalable re-aggregation technique to deplete non-endocrine cells and identify CD49a (also known as ITGA1) as a surface marker of the β-cell population, which allows magnetic sorting to a purity of 80%. Finally, we use a high-resolution sequencing time course to characterize gene-expression dynamics during the induction of human pancreatic endocrine cells, from which we develop a lineage model of in vitro β-cell differentiation. This study provides a perspective on human stem-cell differentiation, and will guide future endeavours that focus on the differentiation of pancreatic islet cells, and their applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Veres
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Systems Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aubrey L Faust
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Henry L Bushnell
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elise N Engquist
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Quinn P Peterson
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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13
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Hwang HJ, Jang HJ, Cocco L, Suh PG. The regulation of insulin secretion via phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cβ signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:10-18. [PMID: 30293894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) is a membrane-associated enzyme activated by membrane receptors, especially G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). It propagates intracellular signaling by mediating phospholipid metabolism and generating key second messengers, such as inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol, leading to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and activation of kinases, such as protein kinases C. In pancreatic β-cells, PLCβ-mediated signaling activated by various factors, such as free fatty acids and neuronal and hormonal ligands, has been confirmed as being involved in the regulation of insulin secretion, and PLCβs have been regarded as essential mediators for augmenting insulin secretion. In this review, we describe the physiological function of PLCβs in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and discuss emerging data on GPCR/PLCβ signaling that is being developed as a target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Hwang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Cataldo Bascuñan LR, Lyons C, Bennet H, Artner I, Fex M. Serotonergic regulation of insulin secretion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13101. [PMID: 29791774 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The exact physiological role for the monoamine serotonin (5-HT) in modulation of insulin secretion is yet to be fully understood. Although the presence of this monoamine in islets of Langerhans is well established, it is only with recent advances that the complex signalling network in islets involving 5-HT is being unravelled. With more than fourteen different 5-HT receptors expressed in human islets and receptor-independent mechanisms in insulin-producing β-cells, our understanding of 5-HT's regulation of insulin secretion is increasing. It is now widely accepted that failure of the pancreatic β-cell to release sufficient amounts of insulin is the main cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), an ongoing global epidemic. In this context, 5-HT signalling may be of importance. In fact, 5-HT may serve an essential role in regulating the release of insulin and glucagon, the two main hormones that control glucose and lipid homoeostasis. In this review, we will discuss past and current understanding of 5-HT's role in the endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Cataldo Bascuñan
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group; Stem Cell Centre; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - C. Lyons
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - H. Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - I. Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group; Stem Cell Centre; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - M. Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
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15
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Napso T, Yong HEJ, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1091. [PMID: 30174608 PMCID: PMC6108594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother must adapt her body systems to support nutrient and oxygen supply for growth of the baby in utero and during the subsequent lactation. These include changes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and metabolic systems of the mother. Failure to appropriately adjust maternal physiology to the pregnant state may result in pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes and abnormal birth weight, which can further lead to a range of medically significant complications for the mother and baby. The placenta, which forms the functional interface separating the maternal and fetal circulations, is important for mediating adaptations in maternal physiology. It secretes a plethora of hormones into the maternal circulation which modulate her physiology and transfers the oxygen and nutrients available to the fetus for growth. Among these placental hormones, the prolactin-growth hormone family, steroids and neuropeptides play critical roles in driving maternal physiological adaptations during pregnancy. This review examines the changes that occur in maternal physiology in response to pregnancy and the significance of placental hormone production in mediating such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Leitner M, Fragner L, Danner S, Holeschofsky N, Leitner K, Tischler S, Doerfler H, Bachmann G, Sun X, Jaeger W, Kautzky-Willer A, Weckwerth W. Combined Metabolomic Analysis of Plasma and Urine Reveals AHBA, Tryptophan and Serotonin Metabolism as Potential Risk Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:84. [PMID: 29312952 PMCID: PMC5742855 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy has severe implications for the health of the mother and the fetus. Therefore, early prediction and an understanding of the physiology are an important part of prenatal care. Metabolite profiling is a long established method for the analysis and prediction of metabolic diseases. Here, we applied untargeted and targeted metabolomic protocols to analyze plasma and urine samples of pregnant women with and without GDM. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of metabolomic profiles revealed markers such as 2-hydroxybutanoic acid (AHBA), 3-hydroxybutanoic acid (BHBA), amino acids valine and alanine, the glucose-alanine-cycle, but also plant-derived compounds like sitosterin as different between control and GDM patients. PLS-DA and VIP analysis revealed tryptophan as a strong variable separating control and GDM. As tryptophan is biotransformed to serotonin we hypothesized whether serotonin metabolism might also be altered in GDM. To test this hypothesis we applied a method for the analysis of serotonin, metabolic intermediates and dopamine in urine by stable isotope dilution direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SID-MS). Indeed, serotonin and related metabolites differ significantly between control and GDM patients confirming the involvement of serotonin metabolism in GDM. Clustered correlation coefficient visualization of metabolite correlation networks revealed the different metabolic signatures between control and GDM patients. Eventually, the combination of selected blood plasma and urine sample metabolites improved the AUC prediction accuracy to 0.99. The detected GDM candidate biomarkers and the related systemic metabolic signatures are discussed in their pathophysiological context. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to underpin these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Leitner
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Fragner
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Danner
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karoline Leitner
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Tischler
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Doerfler
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jaeger
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Donadel G, Pastore D, Della-Morte D, Capuani B, Lombardo MF, Pacifici F, Bugliani M, Grieco FA, Marchetti P, Lauro D. FGF-2b and h-PL Transform Duct and Non-Endocrine Human Pancreatic Cells into Endocrine Insulin Secreting Cells by Modulating Differentiating Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112234. [PMID: 29068419 PMCID: PMC5713204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease orphan of a cure. Regenerative medicine has been proposed as novel strategy for DM therapy. Human fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2b controls β-cell clusters via autocrine action, and human placental lactogen (hPL)-A increases functional β-cells. We hypothesized whether FGF-2b/hPL-A treatment induces β-cell differentiation from ductal/non-endocrine precursor(s) by modulating specific genes expression. Methods: Human pancreatic ductal-cells (PANC-1) and non-endocrine pancreatic cells were treated with FGF-2b plus hPL-A at 500 ng/mL. Cytofluorimetry and Immunofluorescence have been performed to detect expression of endocrine, ductal and acinar markers. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and annexin-V quantified cells proliferation and apoptosis. Insulin secretion was assessed by RIA kit, and electron microscopy analyzed islet-like clusters. Results: Increase in PANC-1 duct cells de-differentiation into islet-like aggregates was observed after FGF-2b/hPL-A treatment showing ultrastructure typical of islets-aggregates. These clusters, after stimulation with FGF-2b/hPL-A, had significant (p < 0.05) increase in insulin, C-peptide, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, somatostatin, glucagon, and glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2), compared with control cells. Markers of PANC-1 (Cytokeratin-19, MUC-1, CA19-9) were decreased (p < 0.05). These aggregates after treatment with FGF-2b/hPL-A significantly reduced levels of apoptosis. Conclusions: FGF-2b and hPL-A are promising candidates for regenerative therapy in DM by inducing de-differentiation of stem cells modulating pivotal endocrine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donadel
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco F Lombardo
- Agenzia regionale per la protezione ambientale (ARPA) Lazio, Sezione di Roma, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.) Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio A Grieco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.) Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Yang Y, Huang H, Xu Z, Duan JK. Serotonin and Its Receptor as a New Antioxidant Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7680576. [PMID: 28929122 PMCID: PMC5591914 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7680576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a widespread chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affects almost 30-50% of patients, and represents a leading cause of death of DM. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a multifunctional bioamine that has crucial roles in many physiological pathways. Recently, emerging evidence from experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated that 5-HT is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) antagonists exert renoprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress, suggesting that 5-HTR can be used as a potential target for treating DKD. In this review, therefore, we summarize the published information available for the involvement of 5-HT and 5-HTR antagonists in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications with a particular focus of DKD. We conclude that 5-HTR is a potential therapeutic target for treating DKD, as it has been successfully applied in animal models and has currently being investigated in randomized and controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-kai Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Disorders, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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19
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Extensive phenotypic characterization of a new transgenic mouse reveals pleiotropic perturbations in physiology due to mesenchymal hGH minigene expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2397. [PMID: 28546545 PMCID: PMC5445072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human growth hormone (hGH) minigene used for transgene stabilization in mice has been recently identified to be locally expressed in the tissues where transgenes are active and associated with phenotypic alterations. Here we extend these findings by analyzing the effect of the hGH minigene in TgC6hp55 transgenic mice which express the human TNFR1 under the control of the mesenchymal cell-specific CollagenVI promoter. These mice displayed a fully penetrant phenotype characterized by growth enhancement accompanied by perturbations in metabolic, skeletal, histological and other physiological parameters. Notably, this phenotype was independent of TNF-TNFR1 signaling since the genetic ablation of either Tnf or Tradd did not rescue the phenotype. Further analyses showed that the hGH minigene was expressed in several tissues, also leading to increased hGH protein levels in the serum. Pharmacological blockade of GH signaling prevented the development of the phenotype. Our results indicate that the unplanned expression of the hGH minigene in CollagenVI expressing mesenchymal cells can lead through local and/or systemic mechanisms to enhanced somatic growth followed by a plethora of primary and/or secondary effects such as hyperphagia, hypermetabolism, disturbed glucose homeostasis, altered hematological parameters, increased bone formation and lipid accumulation in metabolically critical tissues.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This report examines recent publications identifying phenotypic and functional heterogeneity among pancreatic β cells and investigating their potential roles in normal and abnormal islet function. The development of new methods and tools for the study of individual islet cells has produced a surge of interest in this topic. RECENT FINDINGS Studies of β cell maturation and pregnancy-induced proliferation have identified changes in serotonin and transcription factors SIX2/3 expression as markers of temporal heterogeneity. Structural and functional heterogeneity in the form of functionally distinct 'hub' and 'follower' β cells was found in mouse islets. Heterogeneous expression of Fltp (in mouse β cells) and ST8SIA1 and CD9 (in human β cells) were associated with distinct functional potential. Several impressive reports describing the transcriptomes of individual β cells were also published in recent months. Some of these reveal previously unknown β cell subpopulations. SUMMARY A wealth of information on functional and phenotypic heterogeneity has been collected recently, including the transcriptomes of individual β cells and the identities of functionally distinct β cell subpopulations. Several studies suggest the existence of two broad categories: a more proliferative but less functional and a less proliferative but more functional β cell type. The identification of functionally distinct subpopulations and their association with type 2 diabetes underlines the potential clinical importance of these investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Feorillo Galivo
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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21
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22
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Almaça J, Molina J, Menegaz D, Pronin AN, Tamayo A, Slepak V, Berggren PO, Caicedo A. Human Beta Cells Produce and Release Serotonin to Inhibit Glucagon Secretion from Alpha Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 17:3281-3291. [PMID: 28009296 PMCID: PMC5217294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pancreatic islet, serotonin is an autocrine signal increasing beta cell mass during metabolic challenges such as those associated with pregnancy or high-fat diet. It is still unclear whether serotonin is relevant for regular islet physiology and hormone secretion. Here, we show that human beta cells produce and secrete serotonin when stimulated with increases in glucose concentration. Serotonin secretion from beta cells decreases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in neighboring alpha cells via 5-HT1F receptors and inhibits glucagon secretion. Without serotonergic input, alpha cells lose their ability to regulate glucagon secretion in response to changes in glucose concentration, suggesting that diminished serotonergic control of alpha cells can cause glucose blindness and the uncontrolled glucagon secretion associated with diabetes. Supporting this model, pharmacological activation of 5-HT1F receptors reduces glucagon secretion and has hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. Thus, modulation of serotonin signaling in the islet represents a drug intervention opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Judith Molina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Danusa Menegaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alexey N Pronin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Tamayo
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vladlen Slepak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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23
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Gilon P. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript: a novel regulator of energy homeostasis expressed in a subpopulation of pancreatic islet cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1855-9. [PMID: 27421727 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and its incidence is highly increased by exaggerated food consumption. It results from a lack of insulin action/production, but growing evidence suggests that it might also involve hyperglucagonaemia and impaired control of glucose homeostasis by the brain. In recent years, the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides have generated a lot of interest in the battle against obesity because, via the brain, they exert anorexic effects and they increase energy expenditure. They are also localised, outside the brain, in discrete regions of the body and play a hormonal role in controlling various functions. In this issue of Diabetologia, the Wierup group (doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4020-6 ) shows that CART peptides are expressed heterogeneously in islet cells of various species, including humans, and that their expression is upregulated in diabetes. The authors also shine a spotlight on some interesting effects of CART peptides on islet function, including stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon release. CART peptides would thus be at the centre of a cooperation between the brain and the endocrine pancreas to control glucose homeostasis. Although the mechanisms of action of CART peptides remain enigmatic because no specific receptor for these peptides has so far been discovered, their potential therapeutic use is evident and represents a new challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gilon
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, B1.55.06, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Baeyens L, Hindi S, Sorenson RL, German MS. β-Cell adaptation in pregnancy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:63-70. [PMID: 27615133 PMCID: PMC5384851 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy in placental mammals places unique demands on the insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The pancreas anticipates the increase in insulin resistance that occurs late in pregnancy by increasing β-cell numbers and function earlier in pregnancy. In rodents, this β-cell expansion depends on secreted placental lactogens that signal through the prolactin receptor. Then at the end of pregnancy, the β-cell population contracts back to its pre-pregnancy size. In the current review, we focus on how glucose metabolism changes during pregnancy, how β-cells anticipate these changes through their response to lactogens and what molecular mechanisms guide the adaptive compensation. In addition, we summarize current knowledge of β-cell adaptation during human pregnancy and what happens when adaptation fails and gestational diabetes ensues. A better understanding of human β-cell adaptation to pregnancy would benefit efforts to predict, prevent and treat gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baeyens
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - S Hindi
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - R L Sorenson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - M S German
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco.
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