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Keating SE, Croci I, Wallen MP, Cox ER, Coombes JS, Burton NW, Macdonald GA, Hickman IJ. High-intensity Interval Training for the Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Participant Experiences and Perspectives. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1050-1060. [PMID: 37577222 PMCID: PMC10412696 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00091s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a therapeutic option for people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the perspectives and experiences of HIIT for people with NASH are unknown, limiting translation of research. We explored the experiences and perspectives of both professionally supervised and self-directed HIIT in people with NASH and evaluated participant-reported knowledge, barriers, and enablers to commencing and sustaining HIIT. Methods Twelve participants with NASH underwent 12 weeks of supervised HIIT (3 days/week, 4×4 minutes at 85-95% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery), followed by 12-weeks of self-directed (unsupervised) HIIT. One-on-one, semistructured participant interviews were conducted by exercise staff prior to HIIT and following both supervised and self-directed HIIT to explore prior knowledge, barriers, enablers, and outcomes at each stage. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed by two independent researchers. Results Four dominant themes were identified: (1) no awareness of/experience with HIIT and ambivalence about exercise capabilities; (2) multiple medical and social barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT; (3) exercise specialist support was a highly valued enabler, and (4) HIIT was enjoyed and provided holistic benefits. Conclusions People with NASH may lack knowledge of and confidence for HIIT, and experience multiple complex barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT. Exercise specialist support is a key enabler to sustained engagement. These factors need to be addressed in future clinical programs to augment the uptake and long-term sustainability of HIIT by people with NASH so they can experience the range of related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E. Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P. Wallen
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, Australia
| | - Emily R. Cox
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graeme A. Macdonald
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid J. Hickman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Gilson ND, Mielke GI, Coombes JS, Duncan MJ, Brown WJ. The Efficacy and Feasibility of a High Intensity Interval Training Program to Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Truck Drivers: The Fit 2 Drive Cluster Controlled Pilot Study. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:836-840. [PMID: 37367634 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cluster-controlled pilot study assessed the efficacy and feasibility of "Fit 2 Drive," a depot-delivered, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of truck drivers. METHODS Companies of local delivery drivers (44 men; mean [SD] age = 50.5 [9.8] years; Brisbane, Australia) were assigned to "Fit 2 Drive" (4 clusters; 27 drivers; 1 × 4 minutes supervised to self-managed HIIT, 3 times a week, 12 weeks) or a control (5 clusters; 17 drivers). Analyses assessed between group changes in CRF (VO 2peak ), HIIT session attendance, and delivery costs. RESULTS Driver clusters allocated to "Fit 2 Drive" significantly improved CRF compared to a control (mean difference of 3.6 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ; P < 0.019; 95% confidence interval = 0.7-6.5 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ). Drivers who completed the program attended 70% of sessions (25/36) with delivery costs averaging $710 AUD per driver. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the efficacy and feasibility of Fit 2 Drive but also highlight challenges for in-person delivery at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Gilson
- From the University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia (N.D.G., G.I.M., W.J.B.); The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Australia (G.I.M.); School of Medicine and Public Health; Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (M.J.D.); and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (M.J.D.)
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Hamasaki H. High-intensity Interval Training in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Perspective from Previous Systematic Reviews. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:1248-1253. [PMID: 37005528 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230330124105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Mateo-Gallego R, Madinaveitia-Nisarre L, Giné-Gonzalez J, María Bea A, Guerra-Torrecilla L, Baila-Rueda L, Perez-Calahorra S, Civeira F, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control in subjects with diabetes: Systematic review a meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109979. [PMID: 35780905 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this meta-analysis was to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with control conditions (CON) or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on glycemic parameters in diabetes subjects. METHODS Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched for HIIT interventions that were carried out in diabetic subjects and exploring fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin and/or HOMA-IR. RESULTS This systematic review retrieved a total of 1741 studies of which 32 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Nineteen trials were included in the meta-analysis since they compared HIIT intervention with CON or MICT group. There was a significantly reduction of fasting glucose of 13.3 mg/dL (p < 0.001), Hb1Ac -0.34% (p < 0.001), insulin -2.27 UI/L (p = 0.003), HOMA-IR -0.88 (p = 0.005) in the HIIT-group compared with CON-group. Nevertheless, this reduction was not significantly different when comparing HIIT with MICT (p = 0.140, p = 0.315, p = 0.520 and p = 0.389). Besides, there was a significant increase of absolute VO2max of 0.21 L/min (p < 0.001) and relative VO2max of 2.94 ml/kg/min (p < 0.001) in the HIIT-group compared with the CON-group and the MICT-group (0.22 L/min, p = 0.025) and (0.97 ml/kg/min, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that HIIT intervention led to significant improvement in glycemic control and insulin resistance in subjects with diabetes compared with CON-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Mateo-Gallego
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Universidad de Za-ragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
| | - Loreto Madinaveitia-Nisarre
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaume Giné-Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana María Bea
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lydia Guerra-Torrecilla
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Baila-Rueda
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofia Perez-Calahorra
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Universidad de Za-ragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), CIBERCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Khalafi M, Ravasi AA, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of high-intensity interval training on postprandial glucose and insulin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109815. [PMID: 35271876 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) versus non-exercise control and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in participants with both normal and impaired glucose. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched up to October 2021 for randomized trials evaluating HIIT versus control and/or versus MICT on glucose and insulin AUC using oral glucose tolerance testing. Subgroup analyses based on intervention duration (short-duration < 8 weeks, moderate-duration ≥ 8 weeks), baseline glucose levels (normal glucose and impaired glucose) and type of HIIT (L-HIIT and SIT) were also conducted across included studies. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 870 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. HIIT effectively reduced glucose [-0.37 (95% CI -0.60 to -0.13), p = 0.002] and insulin [-0.36 (95% CI -0.68 to -0.04), p = 0.02] AUC when compared with a CON group. Reductions in glucose AUC were significant for those with impaired glucose at baseline (p = 0.03), but not for those with normal glucose levels (p = 0.11) and following moderate-duration (p = 0.01), but not short-duration interventions (p = 0.18). However, there were no differences in glucose (p = 0.76) or insulin (p = 0.43) AUC between HIIT and MICT intervention arms. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that both HIIT and MICT are effective for reducing postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, particularly by moderate-duration interventions, and in those with impaired glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Ali A Ravasi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Zouhal H, Jayavel A, Parasuraman K, Hayes LD, Tourny C, Rhibi F, Laher I, Abderrahman AB, Hackney AC. Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:1353-1368. [PMID: 34936049 PMCID: PMC9124654 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary people. The potential benefits of exercise in restoring such altered hormone production and secretion compared to age-matched physically inactive individuals who are ageing remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings of exercise training in modulating levels of ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in adults aged > 40 years. Methods We searched the following electronic databases (to July 2021) without a period limit: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search for published studies in Google Scholar was conducted for analysis of the ‘grey literature’ (information produced outside of traditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels). The initial search used the terms ‘ageing’ OR ‘advanced age’ OR ‘old people’ OR ‘older’ OR elderly’ AND ‘anabolic hormones’ OR ‘catabolic hormones’ OR ‘steroid hormones’ OR ‘sex hormones’ OR ‘testosterone’ OR ‘cortisol’ OR ‘insulin’ OR ‘insulin-like growth factor-1’ OR ‘IGF-1’ OR ‘sex hormone-binding globulin’ OR ‘SHBG’ OR ‘growth hormone’ OR ‘hGH’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone’ OR ‘DHEA’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)’ AND ‘exercise training’ OR ‘endurance training’ OR ‘resistance training’ OR ‘ strength training’ OR ‘weight-lifting’ OR ‘high-intensity interval training’ OR ‘high-intensity interval exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent training’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent exercise’ OR ‘interval aerobic training’ OR ‘interval aerobic exercise’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic training’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity training’ OR ‘high-intensity exercise’ OR ‘sprint interval training’ OR ‘sprint interval exercise’ OR ‘combined exercise training’ OR ‘anaerobic training’. Only eligible full texts in English or French were considered for analysis. Results Our search identified 484 records, which led to 33 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Different exercise training programs were used with nine studies using endurance training programs, ten studies examining the effects of high-intensity interval training, and 14 studies investigating the effects of resistance training. Most training programs lasted ≥ 2 weeks. Studies, regardless of the design, duration or intensity of exercise training, reported increases in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone (hGH) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (effect size: 0.19 < d < 3.37, small to very large) in both older males and females. However, there was no consensus on the effects of exercise on changes in cortisol and insulin in older adults. Conclusion In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that exercise training increases basal levels of testosterone, IGF-1, SHBG, hGH and DHEA in both male and females over 40 years of age. The increases in blood levels of these hormones were independent of the mode, duration and intensity of the training programs. However, the effects of long-term exercise training on cortisol and insulin levels in elderly people are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France.
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Kamalanathan Parasuraman
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire Campus, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | | | - Fatma Rhibi
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Ramos JS, Dalleck LC, Fennell M, Martini A, Welmans T, Stennett R, Keating SE, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Exercise Training Intensity and the Fitness-Fatness Index in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:100. [PMID: 34951682 PMCID: PMC8709799 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness (notably central obesity) are mediating factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD)/mortality risk. The fitness-fatness index (FFI) combines these factors and has been reported to be a better indicator of CVD and all-cause mortality risk, beyond the capacity of either fitness or fatness alone.
Objective
This study sought to investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on FFI in adults with MetS.
Methods
This was a sub-study of the ‘Exercise in the prevention of Metabolic Syndrome’ (EX-MET) multicentre trial. Ninety-nine adults diagnosed with MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria were randomized to one of the following 16-week exercise interventions: i) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) at 60–70% HRpeak for 30 min/session (n = 34, 150 min/week); ii) 4 × 4 min bouts of high-intensity interval training at 85–95% HRpeak, interspersed with 3-min active recovery at 50–70% HRpeak (n = 34, 38 min/session, 114 min/week); and iii) 1 × 4 min bout of HIIT at 85–95% HRpeak (n = 31, 17 min/session, 51 min/week). Cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake, V̇O2peak) was determined via indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise testing and fatness was the ratio of waist circumference-to-height (WtHR). FFI was calculated as V̇O2peak in metabolic equivalents (METs) divided by WtHR. A clinically meaningful response to the exercise intervention was taken as a 1 FFI unit increase.
Results
Seventy-seven participants completed pre and post testing to determine FFI. While there was no significant between group difference (p = 0.30), there was a small group x time interaction effect on FFI [F(2, 73) = 1.226; η2 = 0.01], with numerically greater improvements following HIIT (4HIIT, + 16%; 1HIIT, + 11%) relative to MICT (+ 7%). There was a greater proportion of participants who had a clinically meaningful change in FFI following high-volume HIIT (60%, 15/25) and low-volume HIIT (65%, 17/26) compared to MICT (38%, 10/26), but with no significant between-group difference (p = 0.12). A similar trend was found when a sub-analysis comparing the FFI between those with type 2 diabetes (MICT, 33%, 3/9; high-volume HIIT, 64%, 7/11; and low-volume HIIT, 58%, 7/12) and without type 2 diabetes (MICT, 41%, 7/17; high-volume HIIT, 57%, 8/14; low-volume HIIT, 71%, 10/14).
Conclusion
Although there were no statistically significant differences detected between groups, this study suggests that the response to changes in FFI in adults with MetS may be affected by exercise intensity, when numerical differences between exercise groups are considered. Further research is warranted.
Trial registration number and date of registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01676870; 31/08/2012.
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Slow and Steady, or Hard and Fast? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies Comparing Body Composition Changes between Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9110155. [PMID: 34822354 PMCID: PMC8619923 DOI: 10.3390/sports9110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of the current literature as to the effects of interval training (IT) vs moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on measures of body composition, both on a whole-body and regional level. Methods: We searched English-language papers on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and sportrxiv for the following inclusion criteria: (a) randomized controlled trials that directly compared IT vs MICT body composition using a validated measure in healthy children and adults; (b) training was carried out a minimum of once per week for at least four weeks; (c) published in a peer-reviewed English language journal or on a pre-print server. Results: The main model for fat mass effects revealed a trivial standardized point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate, with moderate heterogeneity (−0.016 (95%CI −0.07 to 0.04); I2 = 36%). The main model for fat-free mass (FFM) effects revealed a trivial standardized point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate, with negligible heterogeneity (−0.0004 (95%CI −0.05 to 0.05); I2 = 16%). The GRADE summary of findings suggested high certainty for both main model effects. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence that the pattern of intensity of effort and volume during endurance exercise (i.e., IT vs MICT) has minimal influence on longitudinal changes in fat mass and FFM, which are likely to minimal anyway. Trial registration number: This study was preregistered on the Open Science Framework.
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Aristizabal JC, Montoya E, Sánchez YL, Yepes-Calderón M, Narvaez-Sanchez R, Gallo-Villegas JA, Calderón JC. Effects of Low-Volume, High-Intensity Interval Training Compared with Continuous Training on Regional and Global Body Composition in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A post hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 77:279-288. [PMID: 34763335 DOI: 10.1159/000518909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the randomized clinical trial Intraining-MET. Sixty adults (40-60 years old) were randomized to an MICT (n = 31) or HIIT (n = 29) supervised programme 3 days/week for 12 weeks. MICT sessions were conducted for 36 min at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). HIIT sessions included 6 intervals at 90% VO2peak for 1 min, followed by 2 min at 50% VO2peak. Body composition was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Body weight did not change from pre- to post-training in either MICT (78.9 ± 15.6 kg; 77.7 ± 16.5 kg, p = 0.280) or HIIT groups (76.3 ± 13.4 kg; 76.3 ± 13.7 kg, p = 0.964). Body fat percentage and fat mass (FM) decreased post-training in the MICT (-0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.27 to -1.47 and -0.7 kg; 95% CI: -0.12 to -1.30) and HIIT groups (-1.0%; 95% CI: -0.32 to -1.68 and -0.8 kg; 95% CI: -0.17 to -1.47). Compared to the HIIT programme, MICT significantly reduced android FM (-0.14 kg; 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.26). Lean mass (LM) increased post-training in MICT (+0.7 kg; 95% CI: 0.01-1.41) and HIIT groups (+0.9 kg; 95% CI: 0.12-1.64), but only HIIT increased the trunk LM (+0.6 kg; 95% CI: 0.06-1.20). CONCLUSIONS Both MICT and HIIT reduced FM without changing body weight in adults with MS. MICT had additional benefits by reducing the android FM, whereas HIIT seemed to increase LM. Given the characteristics of the post hoc analysis, further research is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Aristizabal
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Esperanza Montoya
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Sports Medicine Postgraduate Program, and GRINMADE Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yeliana L Sánchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuela Yepes-Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jaime A Gallo-Villegas
- Sports Medicine Postgraduate Program, and GRINMADE Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,SICOR Center, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Efficacy of high-intensity interval- or continuous aerobic-training on insulin resistance and muscle function in adults with metabolic syndrome: a clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:331-344. [PMID: 34687360 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We carried out a randomized, clinical trial in adults of both sexes with metabolic syndrome (MS) to assess the efficacy of high-intensity, low-volume interval training (HIIT) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin resistance (IR), muscle mass, muscle activation, and serum musclin. METHODS Fasting glycemia, insulinemia, and glycated haemoglobin were determined by conventional methods, IR by Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), lean mass by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, muscle activation through carnosine by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and musclin by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay before and after a supervised, three-times/week, 12-week treadmill programme. HIIT (n = 29) consisted of six intervals with one-minute, high-intensity phases at 90% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). MICT (n = 31) trained at 60% of VO2peak for 30 min. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 50.8 ± 6.0 years, body mass index of 30.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2, and VO2peak of 29.0 ± 6.3 mL.kg-1.min-1. Compared to MICT, HIIT was not superior at reducing Ln HOMA-IR (adjusted mean difference: 0.083 [95%CI - 0.092 to 0.257]), carnosine or musclin or at increasing thigh lean mass. HIIT increased carnosine by 0.66 mmol/kg.ww (95% CI 0.08-1.24) after intervention. Both interventions reduced IR, body fat percentage and increased total lean mass/height2 and VO2peak. Musclin showed a non-significant reduction with a small effect size after both interventions. CONCLUSION Compared to MICT, HIIT is not superior at reducing IR, carnosine or musclin or at increasing skeletal muscle mass in adults with MS. Both training types improved IR, muscle mass and body composition. NCT03087721, March 22nd, 2017. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03087721. Registered March 22nd, 2017.
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11
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Mattioni Maturana F, Soares RN, Murias JM, Schellhorn P, Erz G, Burgstahler C, Widmann M, Munz B, Thiel A, Nieß AM. Responders and non-responders to aerobic exercise training: beyond the evaluation of V˙O2max. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14951. [PMID: 34409753 PMCID: PMC8374384 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 max ) following exercise training is the classical assessment of training effectiveness. Research has lacked in investigating whether individuals that do not respond to the training intervention ( V ˙ O 2 max ), also do not improve in other health-related parameters. We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations (i.e., performance, body composition, blood pressure, vascular function, fasting blood markers, and resting cardiac function and morphology) to exercise training among participants who showed different levels of V ˙ O 2 max responsiveness. Healthy sedentary participants engaged in a 6-week exercise training program, three times a week. Our results showed that responders had a greater increase in peak power output, second lactate threshold, and microvascular responsiveness, whereas non-responders had a greater increase in cycling efficiency. No statistical differences were observed in body composition, blood pressure, fasting blood parameters, and resting cardiac adaptations. In conclusion, our study showed, for the first time, that in addition to the differences in the V ˙ O 2 max , a greater increase in microvascular responsiveness in responders compared to non-responders was observed. Additionally, responders and non-responders did not show differences in the adaptations on metabolic parameters. There is an increasing need for personalized training prescription, depending on the target clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Juan M. Murias
- Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Manuel Widmann
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Institute of Sports ScienceEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Andreas M. Nieß
- Sports Medicine DepartmentUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical ActivityEberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
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12
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Williams CJ, Li Z, Harvey N, Lea RA, Gurd BJ, Bonafiglia JT, Papadimitriou I, Jacques M, Croci I, Stensvold D, Wisloff U, Taylor JL, Gajanand T, Cox ER, Ramos JS, Fassett RG, Little JP, Francois ME, Hearon CM, Sarma S, Janssen SLJE, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Beckers P, Cornelissen VA, Howden EJ, Keating SE, Yan X, Bishop DJ, Bye A, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR, Ashton KJ, Brown MA, Torquati L, Eynon N, Coombes JS. Genome wide association study of response to interval and continuous exercise training: the Predict-HIIT study. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:37. [PMID: 33985508 PMCID: PMC8117553 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak) is highly associated with chronic disease and mortality from all causes. Whilst exercise training is recommended in health guidelines to improve V̇O2peak, there is considerable inter-individual variability in the V̇O2peak response to the same dose of exercise. Understanding how genetic factors contribute to V̇O2peak training response may improve personalisation of exercise programs. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants that are associated with the magnitude of V̇O2peak response following exercise training. METHODS Participant change in objectively measured V̇O2peak from 18 different interventions was obtained from a multi-centre study (Predict-HIIT). A genome-wide association study was completed (n = 507), and a polygenic predictor score (PPS) was developed using alleles from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated (P < 1 × 10-5) with the magnitude of V̇O2peak response. Findings were tested in an independent validation study (n = 39) and compared to previous research. RESULTS No variants at the genome-wide significance level were found after adjusting for key covariates (baseline V̇O2peak, individual study, principal components which were significantly associated with the trait). A Quantile-Quantile plot indicates there was minor inflation in the study. Twelve novel loci showed a trend of association with V̇O2peak response that reached suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10-5). The strongest association was found near the membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2 (MAGI2) gene (rs6959961, P = 2.61 × 10-7). A PPS created from the 12 lead SNPs was unable to predict V̇O2peak response in a tenfold cross validation, or in an independent (n = 39) validation study (P > 0.1). Significant correlations were found for beta coefficients of variants in the Predict-HIIT (P < 1 × 10-4) and the validation study (P < × 10-6), indicating that general effects of the loci exist, and that with a higher statistical power, more significant genetic associations may become apparent. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing research and validation of current and previous findings is needed to determine if genetics does play a large role in V̇O2peak response variance, and whether genomic predictors for V̇O2peak response trainability can inform evidence-based clinical practice. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), Trial Id: ACTRN12618000501246, Date Registered: 06/04/2018, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374601&isReview=true .
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Williams
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Sport, Movement and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenna L Taylor
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trishan Gajanand
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily R Cox
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joyce S Ramos
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Monique E Francois
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Hearon
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sylvan L J E Janssen
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Beckers
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Véronique A Cornelissen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences - Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erin J Howden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anja Bye
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luciana Torquati
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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13
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Maturana FM, Schellhorn P, Erz G, Burgstahler C, Widmann M, Munz B, Soares RN, Murias JM, Thiel A, Nieß AM. Individual cardiovascular responsiveness to work-matched exercise within the moderate- and severe-intensity domains. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2039-2059. [PMID: 33811557 PMCID: PMC8192395 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the cardiovascular individual response to 6 weeks (3×/week) of work-matched within the severe-intensity domain (high-intensity interval training, HIIT) or moderate-intensity domain (moderate-intensity continuous training, MICT). In addition, we analyzed the cardiovascular factors at baseline underlying the response variability. Methods 42 healthy sedentary participants were randomly assigned to HIIT or MICT. We applied the region of practical equivalence-method for identifying the levels of responders to the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) response. For investigating the influence of cardiovascular markers, we trained a Bayesian machine learning model on cardiovascular markers. Results Despite that HIIT and MICT induced significant increases in V̇O2max, HIIT had greater improvements than MICT (p < 0.001). Greater variability was observed in MICT, with approximately 50% classified as “non-responder” and “undecided”. 20 “responders”, one “undecided” and no “non-responders” were observed in HIIT. The variability in the ∆V̇O2max was associated with initial cardiorespiratory fitness, arterial stiffness, and left-ventricular (LV) mass and LV end-diastolic diameter in HIIT; whereas, microvascular responsiveness and right-ventricular (RV) excursion velocity showed a significant association in MICT. Conclusion Our findings highlight the critical influence of exercise-intensity domains and biological variability on the individual V̇O2max response. The incidence of “non-responders” in MICT was one third of the group; whereas, no “non-responders” were observed in HIIT. The incidence of “responders” was 11 out of 21 participants in MICT, and 20 out of 21 participants in HIIT. The response in HIIT showed associations with baseline fitness, arterial stiffness, and LV-morphology; whereas, it was associated with RV systolic function in MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Widmann
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Mattioni Maturana F, Martus P, Zipfel S, NIEß AM. Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:559-573. [PMID: 32890201 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate differences between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, including high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. METHODS Differences between HIIE and MICT were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis on the effect size (Cohen's d). A meta-regression was conducted using the following subgroups: population, age, training duration, men ratio, exercise type, baseline values (clinical relevant ranges), and type of HIIE. Studies were included if at least one of the following outcomes were reported: maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index (BMI), body mass, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A total of 55 studies were included. RESULTS Overall, HIIE was superior to MICT in improving V˙O2max (d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and FMD (d = 0.54, P < 0.05). Oppositely, MICT was superior to HIIE in improving HbA1c (d = -0.27, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in BMI (d = -0.02), body mass (d = -0.05), percent body fat (d = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (d = -0.04), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.03), HDL (d = -0.05), LDL (d = 0.08), triglycerides (d = 0.03), total cholesterol (d = 0.14), CRP (d = -0.11), fasting insulin (d = 0.02), fasting glucose (d = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (d = -0.04). Moderator analyses indicated that the difference between HIIE and MICT was affected by different subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, HIIE showed to be more effective in improving cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MICT was superior in improving long-term glucose metabolism. In the process of personalized training counseling, health-enhancing effects of exercise training may be improved by considering the individual risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Martus
- Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometrics Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
| | - Andreas M NIEß
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, GERMANY
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15
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, García-Suárez PC, Rentería I, Moncada-Jiménez J, Plaisance EP. Impact of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training on peripheral markers of glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165820. [PMID: 32360396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic control is essential to reduce the risk of complications associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aerobic and resistance exercise performed alone or in combination improve glycemic control in both conditions. However, perceived lack of time and commitment are considered principal barriers to performing exercise regularly. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) can be performed in a fraction of the time required for continuous aerobic exercise. A substantial scientific evidence indicates that HIIT/SIT improve glycemic control to a similar or greater extent than aerobic exercise in populations without MetS or T2D. Likewise, growing evidence suggest that HIIT/SIT improve the glycemic control during MetS and T2D. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of interval training protocols on peripheral markers of glucose metabolism in patients with MetS and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Jabardo-Camprubí G, Donat-Roca R, Sitjà-Rabert M, Milà-Villarroel R, Bort-Roig J. Drop-out ratio between moderate to high-intensity physical exercise treatment by patients with, or at risk of, type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Ramos JS, Dalleck LC, Stennett RC, Mielke GI, Keating SE, Murray L, Hasnain SZ, Fassett RG, McGuckin M, Croci I, Coombes JS. Effect of Different Volumes of Interval Training and Continuous Exercise on Interleukin-22 in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2443-2453. [PMID: 32765023 PMCID: PMC7368330 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IL-22 may have a role in the alleviation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) via protection of pancreatic beta and endothelial cells from oxidative and lipid-induced damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and different volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in circulating IL-22. METHODS This was a sub-study of the "Exercise in the prevention of Metabolic Syndrome" (EX-MET) a multi-center, randomized trial. This study used data collected at the Brisbane site. Thirty-nine individuals with MetS were randomized to one of three 16-wk interventions: 1) MICT (n=10, 30min at 60-70% HR peak, 5x/wk); 2) 4HIIT (n=13, 4x4min at 85-95% HR peak, interspersed with 3min of active recovery at 50-70% HR peak, 3x/wk); or 3) 1HIIT (n=16, 1x4min at 85-95% HR peak, 3x/wk). Serum IL-22 concentration was measured following a 12-hr fast via an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, before and after the intervention. MetS severity, insulin resistance (IR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were also measured via MetS z-score, HOMA-IR, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and indirect calorimetry (maximal exercise test), respectively. RESULTS The median (IQR) IL-22% changes from pre- to post-intervention in the MICT, 4HIIT, and 1HIIT groups were -17% (-43.0% to 31.3%), +16.5% (-18.9% to 154.9%), and +15.9% (-28.7% to 46.1%), respectively. Although there were no significant between-group differences in IL-22 concentration change, there was a medium-to-large group × time interaction effect [F(2,35)=2.08, p=0.14, η2=0.14]. CONCLUSION Although there was no statistically significant between-group difference in IL-22 change, the study suggests that different exercise intensities may have opposing effects on IL-22 concentration in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Ramos
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute and SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence: Joyce S Ramos Email
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- Caring Futures Institute and SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department, Western State Colorado University, Gunnison, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca C Stennett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lydia Murray
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z Hasnain
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael McGuckin
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Sor Trondelag, Norway
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Wood G, Murrell A, van der Touw T, Smart N. HIIT is not superior to MICT in altering blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000647. [PMID: 31921439 PMCID: PMC6937112 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on adult lipid profiles; to identify training or participant characteristics that may determine exercise-induced change in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TRG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources English language searches of several databases were conducted from inception until September 2019. Eligibility criteria for excluding studies Inclusion: (1) published randomised controlled human trials with group population n≥5; (2) intervention duration ≥4 weeks; (3) comparing HIIT with MICT; and (4) reporting pre–post intervention lipid measurements. Exclusion: subjects with chronic disease, <18 years, pregnant/lactating, in elite athletic training; and studies with a dietary or pharmaceutical intervention component. Results Twenty-nine data sets (mmol/L) of 823 participants were pooled and analysed. Neither HIIT nor MICT was better in decreasing TC (0.10 (−0.06 to 0.19), p=0.12, I2=0%), TRG (−0.05 (−0.11 to 0.01), p=0.10, I2=0%), LDL-C (0.05 (−0.06 to 0.17), p=0.37, I2=0%), or TC/HDL-C (−0.03 (−0.36 to 0.29), p=0.85, I2=0%). HIIT significantly raised HDL-C (0.07 (0.04 to 0.11), p<0.0001, I2=0%) compared with MICT. Conclusion Neither HIIT nor MICT is superior for altering TC, TRG, or LDL-C, or TC-HDL-C ratio. Compared with MICT, HIIT appeared to significantly improve HDL-C. Clinicians may prescribe either protocol to encourage participation in exercise and reduce cardiovascular risk. To raise HDL-C, HIIT may result in a larger effect size compared with MICT. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019136722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Wood
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Murrell
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom van der Touw
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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SCHLÜTER KATHRIN, SCHNEIDER JUSTINE, SPRAVE TANJA, WISKEMANN JOACHIM, ROSENBERGER FRIEDERIKE. Feasibility of Two High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols in Cancer Survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:2443-2450. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Liu JX, Zhu L, Li PJ, Li N, Xu YB. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:575-593. [PMID: 30097811 PMCID: PMC6491404 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glycemic control and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with moderate-intensity training (MICT) and no training at all in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Relevant articles were sourced from PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized-controlled trials were included based upon the following criteria: participants were clinically diagnosed with T2D, outcomes that included glycemic control (e.g., hemoglobin A1c); body composition (e.g., body weight); cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., VO2peak) are measured at baseline and post-intervention and compared with either a MICT or control group. Results Thirteen trials involving 345 patients were finally identified. HIIT elicited a significant reduction in BMI, body fat, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and VO2peak in patients with type 2 diabetes. Regarding changes in the body composition of patients, HIIT showed a great improvement in body weight (mean difference: − 1.22 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 2.23 to − 0.18, P = 0.02) and body mass index (mean difference: − 0.40 kg/m2, 95% CI − 0.78 to − 0.02, P = 0.04) than MICT did. Similar results were also found with respect to HbA1c (mean difference: − 0.37, 95% CI − 0.55 to − 0.19, P < 0.0001); relative VO2peak (mean difference: 3.37 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 1.88 to 4.87, P < 0.0001); absolute VO2peak (mean difference: 0.37 L/min, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.45, P < 0.00001). Conclusions HIIT may induce more positive effects in cardiopulmonary fitness than MICT in T2D patients.
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21
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Viana RB, Naves JPA, Coswig VS, de Lira CAB, Steele J, Fisher JP, Gentil P. Is interval training the magic bullet for fat loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing moderate-intensity continuous training with high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:655-664. [PMID: 30765340 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training (MOD) on body adiposity in humans, and to perform subgroup analyses that consider the type and duration of interval training in different groups. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES English-language, Spanish-language and Portuguese-language searches of the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus were conducted from inception to 11 December 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies that met the following criteria were included: (1) original articles, (2) human trials, (3) minimum exercise training duration of 4 weeks, and (4) directly or indirectly compared interval training with MOD as the primary or secondary aim. RESULTS Of the 786 studies found, 41 and 36 were included in the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis, respectively. Within-group analyses showed significant reductions in total body fat percentage (%) (interval training: -1.50 [95% CI -2.14 to -0.86, p<0.00001] and MOD: -1.44 [95% CI -2.00 to -0.89, p<0.00001]) and in total absolute fat mass (kg) (interval training: -1.58 [95% CI -2.74 to -0.43, p=0.007] and MOD: -1.13 [95% CI -2.18 to -0.08, p=0.04]), with no significant differences between interval training and MOD for total body fat percentage reduction (-0.23 [95% CI -1.43 to 0.97], p=0.705). However, there was a significant difference between the groups in total absolute fat mass (kg) reduction (-2.28 [95% CI -4.00 to -0.56], p=0.0094). Subgroup analyses comparing sprint interval training (SIT) with MOD protocols favour SIT for loss of total absolute fat mass (kg) (-3.22 [95% CI -5.71 to -0.73], p=0.01). Supervised training, walking/running/jogging, age (<30 years), study quality and intervention duration (<12 weeks) favourably influence the decreases in total absolute fat mass (kg) observed from interval training programmes; however, no significant effect was found on total body fat percentage (%). No effect of sex or body mass index was observed on total absolute fat mass (kg) or total body fat percentage (%). CONCLUSION Interval training and MOD both reduce body fat percentage (%). Interval training provided 28.5% greater reductions in total absolute fat mass (kg) than MOD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018089427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Borges Viana
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Araújo Naves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - James Steele
- Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - James Peter Fisher
- Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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22
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Williams CJ, Gurd BJ, Bonafiglia JT, Voisin S, Li Z, Harvey N, Croci I, Taylor JL, Gajanand T, Ramos JS, Fassett RG, Little JP, Francois ME, Hearon CM, Sarma S, Janssen SLJE, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Beckers P, Cornelissen VA, Pattyn N, Howden EJ, Keating SE, Bye A, Stensvold D, Wisloff U, Papadimitriou I, Yan X, Bishop DJ, Eynon N, Coombes JS. A Multi-Center Comparison of O 2peak Trainability Between Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training. Front Physiol 2019; 10:19. [PMID: 30804794 PMCID: PMC6370746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is heterogeneity in the observed O2peak response to similar exercise training, and different exercise approaches produce variable degrees of exercise response (trainability). The aim of this study was to combine data from different laboratories to compare O2peak trainability between various volumes of interval training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT). For interval training, volumes were classified by the duration of total interval time. High-volume High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) included studies that had participants complete more than 15 min of high intensity efforts per session. Low-volume HIIT/Sprint Interval Training (SIT) included studies using less than 15 min of high intensity efforts per session. In total, 677 participants across 18 aerobic exercise training interventions from eight different universities in five countries were included in the analysis. Participants had completed 3 weeks or more of either high-volume HIIT (n = 299), low-volume HIIT/SIT (n = 116), or MICT (n = 262) and were predominately men (n = 495) with a mix of healthy, elderly and clinical populations. Each training intervention improved mean O2peak at the group level (P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, high-volume HIIT had a significantly greater (P < 0.05) absolute O2peak increase (0.29 L/min) compared to MICT (0.20 L/min) and low-volume HIIT/SIT (0.18 L/min). Adjusted relative O2peak increase was also significantly greater (P < 0.01) in high-volume HIIT (3.3 ml/kg/min) than MICT (2.4 ml/kg/min) and insignificantly greater (P = 0.09) than low-volume HIIT/SIT (2.5 mL/kg/min). Based on a high threshold for a likely response (technical error of measurement plus the minimal clinically important difference), high-volume HIIT had significantly more (P < 0.01) likely responders (31%) compared to low-volume HIIT/SIT (16%) and MICT (21%). Covariates such as age, sex, the individual study, population group, sessions per week, study duration and the average between pre and post O2peak explained only 17.3% of the variance in O2peak trainability. In conclusion, high-volume HIIT had more likely responders to improvements in O2peak compared to low-volume HIIT/SIT and MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Williams
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenna L Taylor
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trishan Gajanand
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joyce S Ramos
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Monique E Francois
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Hearon
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sylvan L J E Janssen
- Internal Medicine, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Beckers
- Cardiology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Véronique A Cornelissen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences - Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Pattyn
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences - Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erin J Howden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anja Bye
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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23
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Leisure but not household physical activities associates with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older individuals: a cross-sectional study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Malin SK, Francois ME, Eichner NZM, Gilbertson NM, Heiston EM, Fabris C, Breton M. Impact of short-term exercise training intensity on β-cell function in older obese adults with prediabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1979-1986. [PMID: 30307821 PMCID: PMC6842889 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00680.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of work-matched exercise intensity on β-cell function is unknown in people with prediabetes before clinical weight loss. We determined if short-term moderate continuous (CONT) vs. high-intensity interval (INT) exercise increased β-cell function. Thirty-one subjects (age: 61.4 ± 2.5 yr; body mass index: 32.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2) with prediabetes [American Diabetes Association criteria, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)] were randomized to work-matched CONT (70% HRpeak) or INT (3 min 90% HRpeak and 3 min 50% HRpeak) exercise for 60 min/day over 2 wk. A 75-g 2-h OGTT was conducted after an overnight fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids were determined for calculations of skeletal muscle [oral minimal model (OMM)], hepatic (homeostatic model of insulin resistance), and adipose (Adipose-IR) insulin sensitivity. β-Cell function was defined from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS, deconvolution modeling) and the disposition index (DI). Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 [GLP-1(active)] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were also measured during the OGTT, along with peak oxygen consumption and body composition. CONT and INT increased skeletal muscle- but not hepatic- or adipose-derived DI ( P < 0.05). Although both treatments tended to reduce fasting GLP-1(active) ( P = 0.08), early phase GLP-1(active) increased post-CONT and INT training ( P < 0.001). Interestingly, CONT exercise increased fasting GIP compared with decreases in INT ( P = 0.02). Early and total-phase skeletal muscle DI correlated with decreased total glucose area under the curve ( r = -0.52, P = 0.002 and r = -0.50, P = 0.003, respectively). Independent of intensity, short-term training increased pancreatic function adjusted to skeletal muscle in relation to improved glucose tolerance in adults with prediabetes. Exercise also uniquely affected GIP and GLP-1(active). Further work is needed to elucidate the dose-dependent mechanism(s) by which exercise impacts glycemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise is cornerstone for reducing blood glucose, but whether high-intensity interval training is better than moderate continuous exercise is unclear in people with prediabetes before weight loss. We show that 2 wk of exercise training, independent of intensity, increased pancreatic function in relation to elevated glucagon-like polypeptide-1 secretion. Furthermore, β-cell function, but not insulin sensitivity, was also correlated with improved glucose tolerance. These data suggest that β-cell function is a strong predictor of glycemia regardless of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Monique E Francois
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Natalie Z M Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nicole M Gilbertson
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Emily M Heiston
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Chiara Fabris
- Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marc Breton
- Center for Diabetes Technology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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25
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Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48:269-288. [PMID: 29127602 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted as a time-efficient strategy to improve body composition. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing total, abdominal, and visceral fat mass in normal-weight and overweight/obese adults. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify all related articles on HIIT and fat mass. Stratified analysis was performed using the nature of HIIT (cycling versus running, target intensity), sex and/or body weight, and the methods of measuring body composition. Heterogeneity was also determined RESULTS: A total of 39 studies involving 617 subjects were included (mean age 38.8 years ± 14.4, 52% females). HIIT significantly reduced total (p = 0.003), abdominal (p = 0.007), and visceral (p = 0.018) fat mass, with no differences between the sexes. A comparison showed that running was more effective than cycling in reducing total and visceral fat mass. High-intensity (above 90% peak heart rate) training was more successful in reducing whole body adiposity, while lower intensities had a greater effect on changes in abdominal and visceral fat mass. Our analysis also indicated that only computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging showed significant abdominal and/or visceral fat-mass loss after HIIT interventions. CONCLUSION HIIT is a time-efficient strategy to decrease fat-mass deposits, including those of abdominal and visceral fat mass. There was some evidence of the greater effectiveness of HIIT running versus cycling, but owing to the wide variety of protocols used and the lack of full details about cycling training, further comparisons need to be made. Large, multicenter, prospective studies are required to establish the best HIIT protocols for reducing fat mass according to subject characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Maillard
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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26
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Kriel Y, Askew CD, Solomon C. The effect of running versus cycling high-intensity intermittent exercise on local tissue oxygenation and perceived enjoyment in 18-30-year-old sedentary men. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5026. [PMID: 29942693 PMCID: PMC6014319 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a time-efficient exercise format to improve exercise adherence, thereby targeting the chronic disease burden associated with sedentary behaviour. Exercise mode (cycling, running), if self-selected, will likely affect the physiological and enjoyment responses to HIIT in sedentary individuals. Differences in physiological and enjoyment responses, associated with the mode of exercise, could potentially influence the uptake and continued adherence to HIIT. It was hypothesised that in young sedentary men, local and systemic oxygen utilisation and enjoyment would be higher during a session of running HIIT, compared to a session of cycling HIIT. METHODS A total of 12 sedentary men (mean ± SD; age 24 ± 3 years) completed three exercise sessions: a maximal incremental exercise test on a treadmill (MAX) followed by two experiment conditions, (1) free-paced cycling HIIT on a bicycle ergometer (HIITCYC) and (2) constant-paced running HIIT on a treadmill ergometer (HIITRUN). Deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb) in the gastrocnemius (GN), the left vastus lateralis (LVL) and the right vastus lateralis (RVL) muscles, oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physical activity enjoyment (PACES) were measured during HIITCYC and HIITRUN. RESULTS There was a higher HHb in the LVL (p = 0.001) and RVL (p = 0.002) sites and a higher VO2 (p = 0.017) and HR (p < 0.001) during HIITCYC, compared to HIITRUN. RPE was higher (p < 0.001) and PACES lower (p = 0.032) during HIITCYC compared to HIITRUN. DISCUSSION In sedentary individuals, free-paced cycling HIIT produces higher levels of physiological stress when compared to constant-paced running HIIT. Participants perceived running HIIT to be more enjoyable than cycling HIIT. These findings have implications for selection of mode of HIIT for physical stress, exercise enjoyment and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kriel
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher D. Askew
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin Solomon
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Author’s Reply to Li et al: Comment on: “Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis”. Sports Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Viana RB, de Lira CAB, Naves JPA, Coswig VS, Del Vecchio FB, Ramirez-Campillo R, Vieira CA, Gentil P. Can We Draw General Conclusions from Interval Training Studies? Sports Med 2018; 48:2001-2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Author's Reply to Andreato et al.: Comment on: "Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis". Sports Med 2018; 48:2417-2420. [PMID: 29594959 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florie Maillard
- Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P Laboratory, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P Laboratory, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P Laboratory, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Schmid V, Wagner R, Sailer C, Fritsche L, Kantartzis K, Peter A, Heni M, Häring HU, Stefan N, Fritsche A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired proinsulin conversion as newly identified predictors of the long-term non-response to a lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention: results from the TULIP study. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2341-2351. [PMID: 28840257 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lifestyle intervention is effective to prevent type 2 diabetes. However, a considerable long-term non-response occurs to a standard lifestyle intervention. We investigated which risk phenotypes at baseline and their changes during the lifestyle intervention predict long-term glycaemic non-response to the intervention. METHODS Of 300 participants at high risk for type 2 diabetes who participated in a 24 month lifestyle intervention with diet modification and increased physical activity, 190 participants could be re-examined after 8.7 ± 1.6 years. All individuals underwent a five-point 75 g OGTT and measurements of body fat compartments and liver fat content with MRI and spectroscopy at baseline, 9 and 24 months during the lifestyle intervention, and at long-term follow-up. Fasting proinsulin to insulin conversion (PI/I ratio) and insulin sensitivity and secretion were calculated from the OGTT. Non-response to lifestyle intervention was defined as no decrease in glycaemia, i.e. no decrease in AUC for glucose at 0-120 min during OGTT (AUCglucose0-120 min). RESULTS Before the lifestyle intervention, 56% of participants had normal glucose regulation and 44% individuals had impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. At long-term follow-up, 11% had developed diabetes. Multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, BMI and change in BMI during the lifestyle intervention revealed that baseline insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, as well as change in insulin sensitivity during the lifestyle intervention, predicted long-term glycaemic control after 9 years. In addition, increased hepatic lipid content as well as impaired fasting proinsulin conversion at baseline were newly detected phenotypes that independently predicted long-term glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Increased hepatic lipid content and impaired proinsulin conversion are new predictors, independent of change in body weight, for non-response to lifestyle intervention in addition to the confirmed factors, impaired insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Research Training Group 1302, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Sailer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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31
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Keating SE, Johnson NA, Mielke GI, Coombes JS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:943-964. [PMID: 28513103 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interval training (including high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) is promoted in both scientific and lay media as being a superior and time-efficient method for fat loss compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). We evaluated the efficacy of HIIT/SIT when directly compared with MICT for the modulation of body adiposity. Databases were searched to 31 August 2016 for studies with exercise training interventions with minimum 4-week duration. Meta-analyses were conducted for within-group and between-group comparisons for total body fat percentage (%) and fat mass (kg). To investigate heterogeneity, we conducted sensitivity and meta-regression analyses. Of the 6,074 studies netted, 31 were included. Within-group analyses demonstrated reductions in total body fat (%) (HIIT/SIT: -1.26 [95% CI: -1.80; -0.72] and MICT: -1.48 [95% CI: -1.89; -1.06]) and fat mass (kg) (HIIT/SIT: -1.38 [95% CI: -1.99; -0.77] and MICT: -0.91 [95% CI: -1.45; -0.37]). There were no differences between HIIT/SIT and MICT for any body fat outcome. Analyses comparing MICT with HIIT/SIT protocols of lower time commitment and/or energy expenditure tended to favour MICT for total body fat reduction (p = 0.09). HIIT/SIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for body fat reduction, although not necessarily in a more time-efficient manner. However, neither short-term HIIT/SIT nor MICT produced clinically meaningful reductions in body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Keating
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - N A Johnson
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G I Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Ramos JS, Dalleck LC, Borrani F, Beetham KS, Mielke GI, Dias KA, Wallen MP, Keating SE, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. High-intensity interval training and cardiac autonomic control in individuals with metabolic syndrome: A randomised trial. Int J Cardiol 2017; 245:245-252. [PMID: 28747269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance has been postulated to play a central role in the co-appearance of various cardiovascular disease risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is evidence that altered cardiac autonomic function (CAF) may precede the onset of insulin resistance. Exercise training has been shown to improve CAF in different populations, yet little is known regarding the exercise dose response for CAF. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CAF in participants with MetS. METHODS Individuals with MetS (n=56) were randomised into the following 16-week training interventions: i) MICT (n=16, 30min at 60-70%HRpeak, 5×/week); ii) 4HIIT (n=19, 4×4min bouts at 85-95%HRpeak, interspersed with 3min of active recovery at 50-70%HRpeak, 3×/week); or iii) 1HIIT (n=21, 1×4min bout at 85-95%HRpeak, 3×/week). R-R interval recorded for 5min in a supine position at pre- and post-intervention was used to derive linear (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF) and non-linear (SD1, SD2, Alpha1, Alpha2, SampEn) heart rate variability (HRV) indices as measures of CAF. Group×time interaction effects were examined (ANCOVA) and Eta squared (η2) interaction effect sizes calculated. RESULTS While there were no significant between-group differences in CAF indices, there were small-to-medium group×time interaction effects on SDNN [F(2,52)=0.70, p=0.50, η2=0.02], RMSSD [F(2,52)=1.35, p=0.27, η2=0.03], HF power [F(2,52)=1.27, p=0.29, η2=0.03], SD1 [F(2,52)=0.47, p=0.63, η2=0.01], and SD2 [F(2,52)=0.41, p=0.67, η2=0.01]. The following represent the relative percentage increases across these variables for 4HIIT, MICT, and 1HIIT respectively (SDNN, +30%, +17%, 9%; RMSSD, +30%, +22%, -2%; HF power, +69%, +18%, +7%; SD1, +30%, +22%,-2%; SD2, +22%, +14%, 4%). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant between-group differences for the effects of exercise dose on CAF indices, however; high-volume HIIT demonstrated the greatest magnitude of effect for improving CAF in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Ramos
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Health and Exercise Science, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department, Western State Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, United States
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institut des Sciences du Sport de l'Universite de Lausanne (ISSUL), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kassia S Beetham
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrin A Dias
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew P Wallen
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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33
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Téllez-T LA, Camelo-Prieto D, Hernández-Quiñonez PA, Correa-Bautista JE, Garcia-Hermoso A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M. Similar cardiometabolic effects of high- and moderate-intensity training among apparently healthy inactive adults: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med 2017; 15:118. [PMID: 28558739 PMCID: PMC5450080 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, and exercise training is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of the clinical components of MetS. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and steady-state moderate-intensity training on clinical components of MetS in healthy physically inactive adults. METHODS Twenty adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity continuous training [MCT group; 60-80% heart rate reserve (HRR)] or high-intensity interval training (HIT group; 4 × 4 min at 85-95% peak HRR interspersed with 4 min of active rest at 65% peak HRR). We used the revised International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS. A MetS Z-score was calculated for each individual and each component of the MetS. RESULTS In intent-to-treat analyses, the changes in MetS Z-score were 1.546 (1.575) in the MCT group and -1.249 (1.629) in the HIT group (between-groups difference, P = 0.001). The average number of cardiometabolic risk factors changed in the MCT group (-0.133, P = 0.040) but not in the HIT group (0.018, P = 0.294), with no difference between groups (P = 0.277). CONCLUSION Among apparently healthy physically inactive adults, HIT and MCT offer similar cardiometabolic protection against single MetS risk factors but differ in their effect on average risk factors per subject. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 registered on March 23, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física « CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física « CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Luis Andrés Téllez-T
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física « CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diana Camelo-Prieto
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Hernández-Quiñonez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física « CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física « CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte; Laboratorio de Medición y Evaluación Deportiva, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio del Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CB16/10/00315), Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
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