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He WW, Zeng XX, Qi XL, Gui CZ, Liao W, Tu X, Deng J, Dong YT, Hong W, He Y, Xiao Y, Guan ZZ. Regulating effect of miR-132-3p on the changes of MAPK pathway in rat brains and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to excessive fluoride by targeting expression of MAPK1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116467. [PMID: 38761497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the central nervous system (CNS) induced by excessive fluoride has been confirmed by our previous findings, the underlying mechanism(s) of the action remains unclear. Here, we investigate the possibility that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the aspect. METHODS As a model of chronic fluorosis, SD rats received different concentrations of fluoride in their drinking water for 3 or 6 months and SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to fluoride. Literature reviews and bioinformatics analyses were used to predict and real-time PCR to measure the expression of 12 miRNAs; an algorithm-based approach was applied to identify multiply potential target-genes and pathways; the dual-luciferase reporter system to detect the association of miR-132-3p with MAPK1; and fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect miR-132-3p localization. The miR-132-3p inhibitor or mimics or MAPK1 silencing RNA were transfected into cultured cells. Expression of protein components of the MAPK pathway was assessed by immunofluorescence or Western blotting. RESULTS In the rat hippocampus exposed with high fluoride, ten miRNAs were down-regulated and two up-regulated. Among these, miR-132-3p expression was down-regulated to the greatest extent and MAPK1 level (selected from the 220 genes predicted) was corelated with the alteration of miR-132-3p. Furthermore, miR-132-3p level was declined, whereas the protein levels MAPK pathway components were increased in the rat brains and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to high fluoride. MiR-132-3p up-regulated MAPK1 by binding directly to its 3'-untranslated region. Obviously, miR-132-3p mimics or MAPK1 silencing RNA attenuated the elevated expressions of the proteins components of the MAPK pathway induced by fluorosis in SH-SY5Y cells, whereas an inhibitor of miR-132-3p just played the opposite effect. CONCLUSION MiR-132-3p appears to modulate the changes of MAPK signaling pathway in the CNS associated with chronic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen He
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zeng
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Gui
- Department of Pathology at the First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xi Tu
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yang-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China.
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Shehani A F, Ramar K. Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential of Flaxseed Paste, Chicken Eggshell Paste, and Fluoride Toothpaste on the Enamel of Primary Teeth Using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis: An In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60040. [PMID: 38854283 PMCID: PMC11162647 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries in primary teeth remains a critical public health challenge globally. Although fluoride toothpaste is the standard care for remineralization, its efficacy is limited by the requirement for bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions and its diminished performance on irregular dental surfaces. This study evaluates natural alternatives for dental care, focusing on their mineralizing potential compared to fluoride. AIM This study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of remineralization by flaxseed paste and chicken eggshell paste to that of standard fluoride toothpaste on artificially demineralized primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized an in vitro model, creating standardized white spot lesions on extracted primary teeth to simulate early carious lesions. The teeth were treated with preparations of flaxseed paste, chicken eggshell paste, and fluoride toothpaste. Remineralization was quantitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) conducted with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM) from Thermoscientific Apreo S at Sir C V Raman Research Park, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. RESULTS Quantitative analysis revealed that both flaxseed and chicken eggshell pastes not only met but, in some cases, exceeded the remineralization performance of fluoride toothpaste. Significant differences were observed in the deposition of calcium and phosphate ions on the lesion surfaces. CONCLUSION The study conducted at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry at SRM Dental College, Kattankulathur, confirms the potential of flaxseed and chicken eggshell pastes as viable, cost-effective, and accessible alternatives to fluoride toothpaste for the remineralization of enamel in primary teeth. These findings support the inclusion of these natural agents in oral hygiene regimens and underscore the importance of further research into holistic approaches for the prevention and treatment of dental caries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Shehani A
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Kavitha Ramar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
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Li GHY, Tang CM, Wu SM, Cheung CL. Causal association of genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee with bone health: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Postgrad Med J 2024:qgae051. [PMID: 38651568 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationship of caffeine intake and consumption of caffeinated beverages, such as tea and coffee, with bone health remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee has causal effects on overall total body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) and fracture. We also assessed the association with TB-BMD in five age strata. METHODS Using two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, summary statistics were retrieved from genome-wide association studies (GWAS)/GWAS meta-analyses of caffeine intake from tea (n = 395 866)/coffee (n = 373 522), TB-BMD (n = 66 628), and fracture (n = 426 795). Inverse variance weighted method was adopted as the main univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the causal effect is independent. RESULTS In univariable analysis, genetically determined caffeine intake from tea had positive association with overall TB-BMD (per SD increase in genetically determined caffeine intake, beta of TB-BMD [in SD]: 0.166; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006-0.326) and inverse association with fracture (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.654-0.954). Genetically determined caffeine intake from coffee was also positively associated with overall TB-BMD (beta = 0.231; 95% CI: 0.093-0.369). The association remained significant after adjustment for smoking in multivariable analysis. Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee was both positively associated with TB-BMD in the age strata of 45-60 years, but we lacked evidence of association in other strata. CONCLUSIONS Genetically, caffeine intake from tea or coffee may be beneficial to bone health. Due to the ascertainment method of caffeine intake from tea, our study also implied genetically higher tea consumption may improve TB-BMD and lower fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hoi-Yee Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Man Tang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Suet-Man Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Kirste G, Contreras Jaimes A, de Pablos-Martín A, de Souza E Silva JM, Massera J, Hill RG, Brauer DS. Bioactive glass-ceramics containing fluorapatite, xonotlite, cuspidine and wollastonite form apatite faster than their corresponding glasses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3997. [PMID: 38369547 PMCID: PMC10874964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Crystallisation of bioactive glasses has been claimed to negatively affect the ion release from bioactive glasses. Here, we compare ion release and mineralisation in Tris-HCl buffer solution for a series of glass-ceramics and their parent glasses in the system SiO2-CaO-P2O5-CaF2. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction analysis of glass-ceramic degradation, including quantification of crystal fractions by full pattern refinement, show that the glass-ceramics precipitated apatite faster than the corresponding glasses, in agreement with faster ion release from the glass-ceramics. Imaging by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray nano-computed tomography suggest that this accelerated degradation may be caused by the presence of nano-sized channels along the internal crystal/glassy matrix interfaces. In addition, the presence of crystalline fluorapatite in the glass-ceramics facilitated apatite nucleation and crystallisation during immersion. These results suggest that the popular view of bioactive glass crystallisation being a disadvantage for degradation, apatite formation and, subsequently, bioactivity may depend on the actual system study and, thus, has to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Kirste
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstr. 12 (AWZ), 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Altair Contreras Jaimes
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstr. 12 (AWZ), 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Araceli de Pablos-Martín
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstr. 12 (AWZ), 07743, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Wilhelm Dyckerhoff Institut, Dyckerhoff GmbH, Dyckerhoffstraße 7, 65203, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Juliana Martins de Souza E Silva
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jonathan Massera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Robert G Hill
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Delia S Brauer
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstr. 12 (AWZ), 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Lindsay SE, Smith S, Yang S, Yoo J. Community Water Fluoridation and Rate of Pediatric Fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2023; 7:01979360-202310000-00001. [PMID: 37796978 PMCID: PMC10558222 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-22-00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of community water fluoridation on bone fragility and fracture has been inconclusive in the literature. The null hypothesis of this study was that no association was observed between water fluoride level and risk of fracture in children. METHODS Community fluoridation data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention while data on fracture rates were obtained from the PearlDiver database. The rate of fracture type for each state was then compared with state-level fluoridation data using Pearson correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS Positive correlations were found between the percentage of state water fluoridation and fracture rates for both bone forearm fracture (BBFFx) and femur fracture. Fluoride levels had positive correlations with fracture rates for all fracture types. Increased fracture rates were found between states in the highest quartiles of percentage of state water fluoridation and fluoride water levels for supracondylar humerus fracture and BBFFx. CONCLUSIONS A higher level of water fluoridation was associated with higher rates of supracondylar humerus fracture and BBFFx in children aged 4 to 10 years. These findings do not imply causality, but they suggest that additional investigation into the effect of fluoride on pediatric bone health may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spencer Smith
- From the Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Scott Yang
- From the Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jung Yoo
- From the Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Silina EV, Stupin VA, Zaitsev ON, Sotnikova TI, Tazina SI, Zhang F, Guo X, Tinkov AA. The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1006. [PMID: 37371586 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review recent epidemiological and clinical data on the association between selected minerals and trace elements and osteoporosis, as well as to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. We have performed a search in the PubMed-Medline and Google Scholar databases using the MeSH terms "osteoporosis", "osteogenesis", "osteoblast", "osteoclast", and "osteocyte" in association with the names of particular trace elements and minerals through 21 March 2023. The data demonstrate that physiological and nutritional levels of trace elements and minerals promote osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of BMP-2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as other pathways. miRNA and epigenetic effects were also involved in the regulation of the osteogenic effects of trace minerals. The antiresorptive effect of trace elements and minerals was associated with the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. At the same time, the effect of trace elements and minerals on bone health appeared to be dose-dependent with low doses promoting an osteogenic effect, whereas high doses exerted opposite effects which promoted bone resorption and impaired bone formation. Concomitant with the results of the laboratory studies, several clinical trials and epidemiological studies demonstrated that supplementation with Zn, Mg, F, and Sr may improve bone quality, thus inducing antiosteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Silina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery No. 1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg N Zaitsev
- Department of Physical Education, Yaroslavl State Technical University, 150023 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital n. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima Ia Tazina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Bhagavatula P, Comnick CL, Warren JJ, Levy SM. Patterns of fluoride intake from 6 to 17 years of age: The Iowa Fluoride Study. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:18-25. [PMID: 36251680 PMCID: PMC10006287 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article reports on estimated daily fluoride intake from water, other beverages and selected foods, dentifrice, and dietary fluoride supplements by both individual sources, and all sources combined, among 787 children participating in the Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) from 6 to 17 years of age. METHODS Total daily fluoride intake (mg F) and fluoride intake per kilogram bodyweight (mg F/kg bw) were estimated using responses to questionnaires sent every 3-6 months. Dietary assessments included frequencies and amounts of beverage intake for the previous week from water, milk, ready-to-drink beverages, beverages made by adding water to concentrate or powder, and selected foods with substantial water content. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable analyses with linear mixed models were used to assess associations with each of mg F and mg F/kg bw. RESULTS Mean combined dietary fluoride (mg F) from all sources examined in the study increased slightly with age, whereas the fluoride intake per kg bw decreased with age. Age, sex, and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with fluoride intake (mg F and mg F/kg bw). Each year increase in age was associated with a 0.02-mg increase in fluoride consumption, on average, after adjusting for the effects of covariates. CONCLUSIONS Daily mean fluoride intakes from single and combined sources were relatively stable, while the intake of fluoride per kg bw decreased from 6 to 17 years of age. Fluoridated water was the major source of ingested fluoride, contributing over 50% of total daily intake at all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John J Warren
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Levy
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa CIty, Iowa, USA
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Büchi AE, Feller M, Netzer S, Blum MR, Gonzalez Rodriguez E, Collet TH, Del Giovane C, van Heemst D, Quinn T, Kearney PM, Westendorp RGJ, Gussekloo J, Mooijaart SP, Hans D, Bauer DC, Rodondi N, Aeberli D. Bone geometry in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism upon levothyroxine therapy: A nested study within a randomized placebo controlled trial. Bone 2022; 161:116404. [PMID: 35381390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) on appendicular bone geometry and volumetric density has so far not been studied. In a nested study within the randomized, placebo-controlled Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Subclinical Hypothyroidism (TRUST) trial, we assessed the effect of LT4 therapy on bone geometry as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). In the TRUST trial, community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years with SHypo were randomized to LT4 with dose titration vs. placebo with mock titration. We analyzed data from participants enrolled at the TRUST site in Bern, Switzerland who had bone pQCT measured at baseline and at 1 to 2 years follow-up. The primary outcomes were the annual percentage changes of radius and tibia epi- and diaphysis bone geometry (total and cortical cross-sectional area (CSA) and cortical thickness), and of volumetric bone mineral density (bone mineral content (BMC) and total, trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD)). We performed linear regression of the annual percentage changes adjusted for sex, LT4 dose at randomization and muscle cross-sectional area. The 98 included participants had a mean age of 73.9 (±SD 5.4) years, 45.9% were women, and 12% had osteoporosis. They were randomized to placebo (n = 48) or LT4 (n = 50). Annual changes in BMC and vBMD were similar between placebo and LT4-treated groups, without significant difference in bone geometry or volumetric bone mineral density changes, neither at the diaphysis, nor at the epiphysis. For example, in the placebo group, epiphyseal BMC (radius) decreased by a mean 0.2% per year, with a similar decrease of 0.5% per year in the LT4 group (between-group difference in %ΔBMC 0.3, 95% CI -0.70 to 1.21, p = 0.91). Compared to placebo, LT4 therapy for an average 14 months had no significant effect on bone mass, bone geometry and volumetric density in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov numbers NCT01660126 (TRUST Thyroid trial) and NCT02491008 (Skeletal outcomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Elisabeth Büchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Feller
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Netzer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel R Blum
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Interdisciplinary Center of Bone Diseases, Rheumatology Unit, Bone and Joint Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Terry Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Hans
- Interdisciplinary Center of Bone Diseases, Rheumatology Unit, Bone and Joint Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Aeberli
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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Effects of Extracellular Osteoanabolic Agents on the Endogenous Response of Osteoblastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092383. [PMID: 34572032 PMCID: PMC8471159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal extracellular environmental properties are critical for bone regeneration and inextricably linked to the mechanical and biological states of bone. It is interesting to note that the microstructure of bone depends not only on genetic determinants (which control the bone remodeling loop through autocrine and paracrine signals) but also, more importantly, on the continuous response of cells to external mechanical cues. In particular, bone cells sense mechanical signals such as shear, tensile, loading and vibration, and once activated, they react by regulating bone anabolism. Although several specific surrounding conditions needed for osteoblast cells to specifically augment bone formation have been empirically discovered, most of the underlying biomechanical cellular processes underneath remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, exogenous stimuli of endogenous osteogenesis can be applied to promote the mineral apposition rate, bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, as well as expediting fracture repair and bone regeneration. The following review summarizes the latest studies related to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, enhanced by mechanical forces or supplemental signaling factors (such as trace metals, nutraceuticals, vitamins and exosomes), providing a thorough overview of the exogenous osteogenic agents which can be exploited to modulate and influence the mechanically induced anabolism of bone. Furthermore, this review aims to discuss the emerging role of extracellular stimuli in skeletal metabolism as well as their potential roles and provide new perspectives for the treatment of bone disorders.
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Saha PK, Oweis RR, Zhang X, Letuchy E, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Burns TL, Warren JJ, Janz KF, Torner JC, Snetselaar LG, Levy SM. Effects of fluoride intake on cortical and trabecular bone microstructure at early adulthood using multi-row detector computed tomography (MDCT). Bone 2021; 146:115882. [PMID: 33578032 PMCID: PMC8009824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of period-specific and cumulative fluoride (F) intake on bone at the levels of cortical and trabecular bone microstructural outcomes at early adulthood using emerging multi-row detector computed tomography (MDCT)-based novel techniques. METHODS Ultra-high resolution MDCT distal tibia scans were collected at age 19 visits under the Iowa Bone Development Study (IBDS), and cortical and trabecular bone microstructural outcomes were computed at the distal tibia using previously validated methods. CT scans of a tissue characterization phantom were used to calibrate CT numbers (Hounsfield units) into bone mineral density (mg/cc). Period-specific and cumulative F intakes from birth up to the age of 19 years were assessed for IBDS participants through questionnaire, and their relationships with MDCT-derived bone microstructural outcomes were examined using bivariable and multivariable analyses, adjusting for height, weight, maturity offset (years since age of peak height velocity (PHV)), physical activity (questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A)), healthy eating index version 2010 (HEI-2010) scores, and calcium and protein intakes. RESULTS MDCT distal tibia scans were acquired for 324 participants from among the total of 329 participants at age 19 visits. No motion artifacts were observed in any MDCT scans, and all images were successfully processed to measure cortical and trabecular bone microstructural outcomes. At early adulthood, males were observed to have stronger trabecular bone microstructural features, as well as thicker cortical bone (p < 0.01), as compared to age-similar females; however, females were found to have less cortical bone porosity as compared to males. Among participants with available F intake estimates (75 to 91% of the 324 with MDCT scans, depending on the period-specific F intake measure), no statistically significant associations were detected between any period-specific or cumulative F intake and bone microstructural outcomes of the tibia at the p < 0.01 level. Only for females, statistically suggestive associations (p < 0.05) were found between recent F intake (from 14 to 19 years) and trabecular mean plate width and trabecular thickness at the tibia. Those associations became somewhat weaker, but still statistically suggestive, for trabecular thickness in fully adjusted analysis with height, weight, PHV, calcium and protein intake, and HEI-2010 and PAQ-A scores as covariates. CONCLUSION The findings show that the effects of lifelong or period-specific F intake from combined sources for adolescents typical to the United States Midwest region are not strongly associated with bone microstructural outcomes at age 19 years. These findings are generally consistent with previously reported results of IBDS analyses, which further confirms that effects of lifelong or period-specific F intake on skeletons in early adulthood are absent or weak, even at the levels of cortical and trabecular bone microstructural details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam K Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Reem Reda Oweis
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiaoliu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elena Letuchy
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Julie M Eichenberger-Gilmore
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA; Formerly with Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA; Nutrition and Food Services, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John J Warren
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James C Torner
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
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11
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Cook FJ, Seagrove-Guffey M, Mumm S, Veis DJ, McAlister WH, Bijanki VN, Wenkert D, Whyte MP. Non-endemic skeletal fluorosis: Causes and associated secondary hyperparathyroidism (case report and literature review). Bone 2021; 145:115839. [PMID: 33418099 PMCID: PMC8142331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal fluorosis (SF) is endemic primarily in regions with fluoride (F)-contaminated well water, but can reflect other types of chronic F exposure. Calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (D) deficiency can exacerbate SF. A 51-year-old man with years of musculoskeletal pain and opiate use was hypocalcemic with secondary hyperparathyroidism upon manifesting recurrent long bone fractures. He smoked cigarettes, drank large amounts of cola beverage, and consumed little dietary Ca. Then, after 5 months of Ca and D3 supplementation, serum 25(OH)D was 21 ng/mL (Nl, 30-100), corrected serum Ca had normalized from 7.8 to 9.4 mg/dL (Nl, 8.5-10.1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had decreased from 1080 to 539 U/L (Nl, 46-116), yet parathyroid hormone (PTH) had increased from 133 to 327 pg/mL (Nl, 8.7-77.1). Radiographs revealed generalized osteosclerosis and a cystic lesion in a proximal femur. DXA BMD Z-scores were +7.4 and +0.4 at the lumbar spine and "1/3" radius, respectively. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in two ribs, periarticular areas, and proximal left femur at the site of a subsequent atraumatic fracture. Elevated serum collagen type I C-telopeptide 2513 pg/mL (Nl, 87-345) and osteocalcin >300 ng/mL (Nl, 9-38) indicated rapid bone turnover. Negative studies included hepatitis C Ab, prostate-specific antigen, serum and urine electrophoresis, and Ion Torrent mutation analysis for dense or high-turnover skeletal diseases. After discovering markedly elevated F concentrations in his plasma [4.84 mg/L (Nl, 0.02-0.08)] and spot urine [42.6 mg/L (Nl, 0.2-3.2)], a two-year history emerged of "huffing" computer cleaner containing difluoroethane. Non-decalcified histology of a subsequent right femur fracture showed increased osteoblasts and osteoclasts and excessive osteoid. A 24-hour urine collection contained 27 mg/L F (Nl, 0.2-3.2) and <2 mg/dL Ca. Then, 19 months after "huffing" cessation and improved Ca and D3 intake, yet with persisting bone pain, serum PTH was normal (52 pg/mL) and serum ALP and urine F had decreased to 248 U/L and 3.3 mg/L, respectively. Our experience combined with 15 publications in PubMed concerning unusual causes of non-endemic SF where the F source became known (19 cases in all) revealed: 11 instances from high consumption of black tea and/or F-containing toothpaste, 1 due to geophagia of F-rich soil, and 7 due to "recreational" inhalation of F-containing vapors. Circulating PTH measured in 14 was substantially elevated in 2 (including ours) and mildly increased in 2. The severity of SF in the cases reviewed seemed to reflect cumulative F exposure, renal function, and Ca and D status. Several factors appeared to influence our patient's skeletal disease: i) direct anabolic effects of toxic amounts of F on his skeleton, ii) secondary hyperparathyroidism from degradation-resistant fluorapatite bone crystals and low dietary Ca, and iii) impaired mineralization of excessive osteoid due to hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Cook
- Division of Endocrinology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Maighan Seagrove-Guffey
- Division of Endocrinology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah Wenkert
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Wenkert & Young, LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91362, USA.
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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12
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Ciosek Ż, Kot K, Kosik-Bogacka D, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Rotter I. The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue. Biomolecules 2021; 11:506. [PMID: 33800689 PMCID: PMC8066206 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism, or directly by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation or activity, or through becoming part of the bone mineral matrix. This study analyzes the skeletal impact of macroelements (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), microelements (fluorine), and heavy metals (lead), and discusses the concentration of each of these elements in the various bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Ciosek
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (Ż.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (Ż.C.); (I.R.)
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13
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Ratajczak AE, Rychter AM, Zawada A, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Do Only Calcium and Vitamin D Matter? Micronutrients in the Diet of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Patients and the Risk of Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020525. [PMID: 33562891 PMCID: PMC7914453 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the most common extraintestinal complications among patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. The role of vitamin D and calcium in the prevention of a decreased bone mineral density is well known, although other nutrients, including micronutrients, are also of extreme importance. Despite the fact that zinc, copper, selenium, iron, cadmium, silicon and fluorine have not been frequently discussed with regard to the prevention of osteoporosis, it is possible that a deficiency or excess of the abovementioned elements may affect bone mineralization. Additionally, the risk of malnutrition, which is common in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, as well as the composition of gut microbiota, may be associated with micronutrients status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (I.K.-K.); Tel.: +48-667-385-996 (A.E.R.); +48-8691-343 (I.K.-K.); Fax: +48-8691-686 (A.E.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Correspondence: (A.E.R.); (I.K.-K.); Tel.: +48-667-385-996 (A.E.R.); +48-8691-343 (I.K.-K.); Fax: +48-8691-686 (A.E.R.)
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14
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Wei Y, Zhu J, Wetzstein SA. Plasma and water fluoride levels and hyperuricemia among adolescents: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the United States for 2013-2016. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111670. [PMID: 33396180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to excessive fluoride has been associated with a number of adverse health outcomes; however, there is a lack of evidence on the relation between fluoride exposure and serum uric acid levels, especially in human populations. The present study examined a potential relationship between fluoride exposure, measured as both plasma and water fluoride concentrations, and uric acid levels in an adolescent population. A nationally representative subsample of 1933 adolescents, aged 12-19 years, in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed for the association of fluoride concentrations with serum uric acid levels using multivariate general linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Since uric acid levels change during development, hyperuricemia was defined in this study as over the mean plus one standard deviation for each sex and age group of adolescents. Of the study participants, 276 adolescents (weighted prevalence, 16.56%) had hyperuricemia. A significant and dose-dependent increase in prevalence of hyperuricemia was seen among the participants cross increasing quartiles of plasma fluoride (p-trend = 0.0017). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that adolescents in the higher quartiles of plasma fluoride (≥0.32 µmol/L) and in the highest quartile of water fluoride (≥0.73 mg/L) had significantly increased odds of hyperuricemia compared with those in the lowest quartile. A 1.95-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.37, 2.77) of hyperuricemia was also observed when analyzing plasma fluoride concentrations as continuous variable. A general linear model revealed that a 1 µmol/L increase in ln-plasma fluoride was associated with a 0.212 mg/dL (p < 0.0001) increased serum uric acid level. Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between water and plasma fluoride concentrations (β = 0.1907; p < 0.0001). Our study demonstrates a potential relation between fluoride exposure and hyperuricemia in adolescents. Further studies are warranted to overcome the limitations of this study to examine the impact of long-term exposure to low levels of fluoride during development on hyperuricemia and its related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Wei
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA
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15
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Lien YTK, Madrasi K, Samant S, Kim MJ, Li F, Li L, Wang Y, Schmidt S. Establishment of a Disease-Drug Trial Model for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Zoledronic Acid Case Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60 Suppl 2:S86-S102. [PMID: 33274518 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Costly and lengthy clinical trials hinder the development of safe and effective treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis. To reduce the expense associated with these trials, we established a mechanistic disease-drug trial model for postmenopausal osteoporosis that can predict phase 3 trial outcome based on short-term bone turnover marker data. To this end, we applied a previously developed model for tibolone to bisphosphonates using zoledronic acid as paradigm compound by (1) linking the mechanistic bone cell interaction model to bone turnover markers as well as bone mineral density in lumbar spine and total hip, (2) employing a mechanistic disease progression function, and (3) accounting for zoledronic acid's mechanism of action. Once developed, we fitted the model to clinical trial data of 581 postmenopausal women receiving (1) 5-mg zoledronic acid in year 1 and saline in year 2, (2) 5-mg zoledronic acid in year 1 and year 2, or (3) placebo (saline), calcium (500 mg), and vitamin D (400 IU). All biomarker data was fitted reasonably well, with no apparent bias or model misspecification. Age, years since menopause, and body mass index at baseline were identified as significant covariates. In the future, the model can be modified to explore the link between short-term biomarkers and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ting Kayla Lien
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kumpal Madrasi
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Snehal Samant
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Myong-Jin Kim
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Li
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaning Wang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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16
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Haider A, Waseem A, Karpukhina N, Mohsin S. Strontium- and Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glass and Alginates Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E10. [PMID: 31941073 PMCID: PMC7148505 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasingly elderly population, there is a proportionate increase in bone injuries requiring hospitalization. Clinicians are increasingly adopting tissue-engineering methods for treatment due to limitations in the use of autogenous and autologous grafts. The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel, bioactive, porous, mechanically stable bone graft substitute/scaffold. Strontium- and zinc-containing bioactive glasses were synthesized and used with varying amounts of alginate to form scaffolds. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), FTIR, XRD, and NMR techniques were used for the characterization of scaffolds. SEM confirmed the adequate porous structure of the scaffolds required for osteoconductivity. The incorporation of the bioactive glass with alginate has improved the compressive strength of the scaffolds. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was demonstrated by an increase in the pH of the medium after the immersion of the scaffolds in a Tris/HCl buffer and by the formation of orthophosphate precipitate on scaffolds. The scaffolds were able to release calcium, strontium and zinc ions in the Tris/HCl buffer, which would have a positive impact on osteogenesis if tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfia Haider
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Natalia Karpukhina
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sahar Mohsin
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE
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17
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Schmitz SI, Widholz B, Essers C, Becker M, Tulyaganov DU, Moghaddam A, Gonzalo de Juan I, Westhauser F. Superior biocompatibility and comparable osteoinductive properties: Sodium-reduced fluoride-containing bioactive glass belonging to the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 system as a promising alternative to 45S5 bioactive glass. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:55-65. [PMID: 31956736 PMCID: PMC6961063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising bone substitute materials. However, under certain circumstances BGs such as the well-known 45S5 Bioglass® (composition in wt%: 45.0 SiO2, 24.5 Na2O, 24.5 CaO, 6.0 P2O5) act cytotoxic due to a strong increase in pH caused by a burst release of sodium ions. A potential alternative is a sodium-reduced fluoride-containing BG belonging to the CaO–MgO–SiO2 system, namely BG1d-BG (composition in wt%: 46.1 SiO2, 28.7 CaO, 8.8 MgO, 6.2 P2O5, 5.7 CaF2, 4.5 Na2O), that has already been evaluated in-vitro, in-vivo and in preliminary clinical trials. Before further application, however, BG1d-BG should be compared to the benchmark amongst BGs, the 45S5 Bioglass® composition, to classify its effect on cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, in this study, the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of both BGs were investigated in an indirect and direct culture setting to assess the effect of the ionic dissolution products and the BGs’ physical presence on the cells. The results indicated an advantage of BG1d-BG over 45S5 Bioglass® regarding cell viability and proliferation. Both BGs induced an earlier onset of osteogenic differentiation and accelerated the expression of late osteoblast marker genes compared to the control group. In conclusion, BG1d-BG is an attractive candidate for further experimental investigation. The basic mechanisms behind the different impact on cell behavior should be assessed in further detail, e.g. by further alteration of the BG compositions. 45S5 Bioglass® is considered to be the benchmark amongst bioactive glasses (BGs). Sodium-reduced fluoride-containing BG1d BG was compared to 45S5-Bioglass®. Both BGs induced osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. BG1d had an advantageous impact on cell viability and proliferation. BG1d-BG is an attractive candidate for further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Schmitz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Widholz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Essers
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Becker
- Disperse Solid Materials, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D U Tulyaganov
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, 17 Small Ring Street, 100095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - A Moghaddam
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,ATORG - Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopedic Research Group, Center for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics, and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Am Hasenkopf 1, 63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - I Gonzalo de Juan
- Disperse Solid Materials, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Westhauser
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
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Oliveira CM, Teixeira H, Alves SM, Pina MF. Regional drinking water composition effects on hip fracture risk: a spatial analysis of nationwide hospital admissions in Portugal, from 2000 to 2010. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902020200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Geographical variation on hip fractures (HF) may be related to the geographical variation of drinking water composition (DWC); minerals in drinking water may contribute to its fragility. We aim to investigate the effects of DWC on HF risk in Portugal (2000-2010). From National Hospital Discharge Register we selected admissions of patients aged ≥50 years, diagnosed with HF caused by low/moderate energy traumas. Water components and characteristics were selected at the municipality level. A spatial generalized additive model with a negative binomial distribution as a link function was used to estimate the association of HF with variations in DWC. There were 96,905HF (77.3% in women). The spatial pattern of HF risk was attenuated after being adjusted for water parameters. Results show an indirect association between calcium, magnesium, and iron and HF risk but no clear relation between aluminum, cadmium, fluoride, manganese, or color and HF risk. Regarding pH, the 6.7pH and 7pH interval seems to pose a lower risk. Different dose-response relationships were identified. The increase of calcium, magnesium, and iron values in DWC seems to reduce regional HF risk. Long-term exposure to water parameters, even within the regulatory limits, might increase the regional HF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Maria Oliveira
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Teixeira
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Maria Alves
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Pina
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasil
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Fina BL, Lupo M, Da Ros ER, Lombarte M, Rigalli A. Bone Strength in Growing Rats Treated with Fluoride: a Multi-dose Histomorphometric, Biomechanical and Densitometric Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:375-383. [PMID: 29396777 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone deformation and fragility are common signs of skeletal fluorosis. Disorganisation of bone tissue and presence of inflammatory foci were observed after fluoride (F-) administration. Most information about F- effects on bone has been obtained in adult individuals. However, in fluorosis areas, children are a population very exposed to F- and prone to develop not only dental but also skeletal fluoroses. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bone parameters responsible for the effect of different doses of F- on fracture load of the trabecular and cortical bones using multivariate analysis in growing rats. Twenty-four 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: F0, F20, F40 and F80, which received orally 0, 20, 40 or 80 μmol F-/100 g bw/day, respectively, for 30 days. After treatment, tibiae were used for measuring bone histomorphometric and connectivity parameters, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone cortical parameters. The femurs were used for biomechanical tests and bone F- content. Trabecular bone volume was significantly decreased by F-. Consistently, we observed a significant decrease in fracture load and Young's modulus (YM) of the trabecular bone in F--treated groups. However, cortical bone parameters were not significantly affected by F-. Moreover, there were no significant differences in cortical nor trabecular BMD. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the trabecular fracture load and YM but not with bone volume or BMD. It is concluded that when F- is administered as a single daily dose, it produces significant decrease in trabecular bone strength by changing the elasticity of the trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lorena Fina
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, S2002KTR, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maela Lupo
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, S2002KTR, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Rosario National University Research Council, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Rocío Da Ros
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, S2002KTR, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lombarte
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, S2002KTR, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Rosario National University Research Council, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Rigalli
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, S2002KTR, Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Rosario National University Research Council, Rosario, Argentina
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Green BN, Johnson CD, Haldeman S, Griffith E, Clay MB, Kane EJ, Castellote JM, Rajasekaran S, Smuck M, Hurwitz EL, Randhawa K, Yu H, Nordin M. A scoping review of biopsychosocial risk factors and co-morbidities for common spinal disorders. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197987. [PMID: 29856783 PMCID: PMC5983449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to identify risk factors, prognostic factors, and comorbidities associated with common spinal disorders. METHODS A scoping review of the literature of common spinal disorders was performed through September 2016. To identify search terms, we developed 3 terminology groups for case definitions: 1) spinal pain of unknown origin, 2) spinal syndromes, and 3) spinal pathology. We used a comprehensive strategy to search PubMed for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials for risk and prognostic factors and cross-sectional studies describing associations and comorbidities. RESULTS Of 3,453 candidate papers, 145 met study criteria and were included in this review. Risk factors were reported for group 1: non-specific low back pain (smoking, overweight/obesity, negative recovery expectations), non-specific neck pain (high job demands, monotonous work); group 2: degenerative spinal disease (workers' compensation claim, degenerative scoliosis), and group 3: spinal tuberculosis (age, imprisonment, previous history of tuberculosis), spinal cord injury (age, accidental injury), vertebral fracture from osteoporosis (type 1 diabetes, certain medications, smoking), and neural tube defects (folic acid deficit, anti-convulsant medications, chlorine, influenza, maternal obesity). A range of comorbidities was identified for spinal disorders. CONCLUSION Many associated factors for common spinal disorders identified in this study are modifiable. The most common spinal disorders are co-morbid with general health conditions, but there is a lack of clarity in the literature differentiating which conditions are merely comorbid versus ones that are risk factors. Modifiable risk factors present opportunities for policy, research, and public health prevention efforts on both the individual patient and community levels. Further research into prevention interventions for spinal disorders is needed to address this gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart N. Green
- Qualcomm Health Center, Stanford Health Care, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Publications Department, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Claire D. Johnson
- Publications Department, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott Haldeman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- World Spine Care, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
| | - Erin Griffith
- Emergency Medicine, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Clay
- Rehabilitation Care Line, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Kane
- College of Rehabilitative Sciences, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Castellote
- National School of Occupational Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matthew Smuck
- Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Hurwitz
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai`i, Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Kristi Randhawa
- UOIT-CMCC Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Undergraduate Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hainan Yu
- UOIT-CMCC Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margareta Nordin
- World Spine Care, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Qiao W, Liu R, Li Z, Luo X, Huang B, Liu Q, Chen Z, Tsoi JKH, Su YX, Cheung KMC, Matinlinna JP, Yeung KWK, Chen Z. Contribution of the in situ release of endogenous cations from xenograft bone driven by fluoride incorporation toward enhanced bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2951-2964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00910d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride incorporation in porcine bone-derived biological apatite can change the surrounding microenvironment via in situ ionic exchange, which accelerates bone formation by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Iolascon G, Gimigliano R, Bianco M, De Sire A, Moretti A, Giusti A, Malavolta N, Migliaccio S, Migliore A, Napoli N, Piscitelli P, Resmini G, Tarantino U, Gimigliano F. Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Effective for Musculoskeletal Health and Cognitive Function? A Scoping Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:527-538. [PMID: 28448083 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our scoping review was to summarize the state of the art regarding micronutrients in order to identify which of them might effectively improve health status in the areas typically impaired in older people: bone, skeletal muscle, and cognitive function. DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS The Italian Study Group on Healthy Aging by Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements (HANDS) performed this scoping review, based on the following steps: doing a list of micronutrients related with musculoskeletal or cognitive functions, included in dietary supplements and nutraceuticals commercialized in Italy; planning a research on PubMed, according to an evidence-based approach, in order to the most relevant positive study for each micronutrient into each of the three areas involved (bone, skeletal muscle and cognitive function); identifying the micronutrients effective in maintaining or achieving an adequate health status in older people, specifying the effective and safe daily doses, according to the selected studies. RESULTS In literature we found 12 relevant positive studies (1 international society guidelines/recommendations, 1 systematic review, 7 randomized controlled trials, and 3 prospective cohort studies). We showed that only 16 micronutrients resulted to have appropriate scientific evidences in terms of improving musculoskeletal health and/or cognitive function in older people: beta-alanine, calcium, creatine, fluorides, leucine, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K2, and zinc. CONCLUSION This scoping review showed that selected micronutrients in adequate doses might have an ancillary role in musculoskeletal health and cognitive functions in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iolascon
- G. Iolascon, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy,
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Riedel C, Zimmermann EA, Zustin J, Niecke M, Amling M, Grynpas M, Busse B. The incorporation of fluoride and strontium in hydroxyapatite affects the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of human cortical bone. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:433-442. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riedel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Lottestrasse 55A Hamburg 22529 Germany
| | - Elizabeth A. Zimmermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Lottestrasse 55A Hamburg 22529 Germany
| | - Jozef Zustin
- Department of Pathology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52 Hamburg 20246 Germany
| | - Manfred Niecke
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg; Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Lottestrasse 55A Hamburg 22529 Germany
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital; 25 Orde Street Toronto Ontario M5T 3H7 Canada
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Lottestrasse 55A Hamburg 22529 Germany
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Liu J, Rawlinson SC, Hill RG, Fortune F. Fluoride incorporation in high phosphate containing bioactive glasses and in vitro osteogenic, angiogenic and antibacterial effects. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e221-e237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bhavsar NV, Trivedi SR, Dulani K, Brahmbhatt N, Shah S, Chaudhri D. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of effect of risedronate 5 mg as an adjunct to treatment of chronic periodontitis in postmenopausal women (12-month study). Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2611-9. [PMID: 27026334 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bisphosphonates are beneficial to women, after menopause, in treatment of gum diseases. In this study, significant improvement in the disease condition was found and that no further progress was noted, and no side effects were reported. Bisphosphonates can be safely and successfully be used to support oral health procedures. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate host modulating effect of bisphosphonate adjunct with the treatment of chronic periodontitis in osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. METHODS Twenty-two osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected for the study. On intraoral examination, periodontal parameters like probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were recorded. Scaling and root planing were done. Intraoral periapical X-rays were taken, and alveolar bone density (ABD) was measured with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and then, medications (risedronate 5 mg once daily (OD), calcium citrate 250 mg OD, vitamin D 400 IU OD) were given. Patients were recalled for follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months. Intraoral periapical (IOPA) X-rays were taken at 6 and 12 months and ABD was measured at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in all the parameters. There was an increase of 0.02 ± 0.001 cm on CT scan and 0.38 ± 0.005 mm on IOPA in bone height over 12 months from baseline. Bone density increased by 118.56 ± 3.251 Hounsfield units (HU). There was no progress in the disease, and further bone loss was not noticed. This is in correlation with clinical parameters which showed highly significant gain in CAL (3.57 ± 0.234 mm) and reduction in PD (2.20 ± 0.229 mm) CONCLUSIONS Bisphosphonate therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing may have significant beneficial clinical effects on the periodontium of postmenopausal women with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bhavsar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India.
| | - S R Trivedi
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - K Dulani
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - N Brahmbhatt
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - S Shah
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - D Chaudhri
- Department of Periodontology, Siddhpur Dental College, Siddhpur, Gujarat, India
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Hanks LJ, Pelham JH, Vaid S, Casazza K, Ashraf AP. Overweight adolescents with type 2 diabetes have significantly higher lipoprotein abnormalities than those with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 115:83-9. [PMID: 27242127 PMCID: PMC5373667 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetes-associated glucoregulatory derangements may precipitate atherogenesis in childhood and CVD risk, particularly with obesity. We aimed to delineate lipoprotein profile differences between children with type 1 and 2 diabetes who are overweight/obese. METHODS Data were obtained from electronic medical records of patients ≥85th BMI percentile with type 1 (n=159) and type 2 (n=77) diabetes, ages 12-19y. Group differences were evaluated by correlations and general linear modeling analysis, adjusting for BMI, HbA1c, and diabetes duration. RESULTS There were no group differences in TC, LDL, or non-HDL. Fewer subjects with type 1 diabetes had low HDL (17 vs. 30%; P<0.05). While no difference in HbA1c level was observed between groups, HbA1c was positively correlated with TC (P≤0.0001), LDL (P≤0.0001), non-HDL (P≤0.0001), ApoB100 (P≤0.0001), and LDL pattern B (P≤0.0001). In adjusted models, apoB100 (85.4 vs. 91.3mg/dl; P<0.05) and incidence of LDL pattern B (21 vs. 42%; P<0.01) were lower in subjects with type 1 diabetes. BMI was inversely correlated with HDL, HDL-2 and HDL-3 (all P≤0.0001). The correlation of BMI with HDL-2 and HDL-3 were attenuated when evaluating subjects by diabetes type. CONCLUSIONS Despite having no difference in absolute LDL levels, children with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have small, dense LDL particle pattern, higher apo B100 and lower total HDL, HDL-2, and HDL-3 fractions. Furthermore, poor glycemic control was associated with abnormal lipoprotein profiles in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynae J Hanks
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35233, United States
| | - James Heath Pelham
- UAB School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, United States
| | - Shalini Vaid
- UAB School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, United States
| | - Krista Casazza
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, CPP1 310, 1601 4th Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35233-1711, United States
| | - Ambika P Ashraf
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35233, United States.
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Shah FA. Fluoride-containing bioactive glasses: Glass design, structure, bioactivity, cellular interactions, and recent developments. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 58:1279-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dermience M, Lognay G, Mathieu F, Goyens P. Effects of thirty elements on bone metabolism. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:86-106. [PMID: 26302917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The human skeleton, made of 206 bones, plays vital roles including supporting the body, protecting organs, enabling movement, and storing minerals. Bones are made of organic structures, intimately connected with an inorganic matrix produced by bone cells. Many elements are ubiquitous in our environment, and many impact bone metabolism. Most elements have antagonistic actions depending on concentration. Indeed, some elements are essential, others are deleterious, and many can be both. Several pathways mediate effects of element deficiencies or excesses on bone metabolism. This paper aims to identify all elements that impact bone health and explore the mechanisms by which they act. To date, this is the first time that the effects of thirty minerals on bone metabolism have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dermience
- University of Liège - Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, Unit Analyzes, Quality, Risks, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Georges Lognay
- University of Liège - Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, Unit Analyzes, Quality, Risks, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Françoise Mathieu
- Kashin-Beck Disease Fund asbl-vzw, Rue de l'Aunee, 6, B-6953 Forrieres, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Goyens
- Kashin-Beck Disease Fund asbl-vzw, Rue de l'Aunee, 6, B-6953 Forrieres, Belgium; Department and Laboratory of Pediatric, Free Universities of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Abrahamsen
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Smedelundsgade 6, DK-4300 Holbæk, Denmark
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Wagermaier W, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. Fragility of Bone Material Controlled by Internal Interfaces. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:201-12. [PMID: 25772807 PMCID: PMC4525333 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone material is built in a complex multiscale arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils containing water, proteoglycans and some noncollagenous proteins. This organization is not static as bone is constantly remodeled and thus able to repair damaged tissue and adapt to the loading situation. In preventing fractures, the most important mechanical property is toughness, which is the ability to absorb impact energy without reaching complete failure. There is no simple explanation for the origin of the toughness of bone material, and this property depends in a complex way on the internal architecture of the material on all scales from nanometers to millimeters. Hence, fragility may have different mechanical origins, depending on which toughening mechanism is not working properly. This article reviews the toughening mechanisms described for bone material and attempts to put them in a clinical context, with the hope that future analysis of bone fragility may be guided by this collection of possible mechanistic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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Tai V, Grey A, Bolland MJ. Results of observational studies: analysis of findings from the Nurses' Health Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110403. [PMID: 25330007 PMCID: PMC4201544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of observational studies in informing clinical practice is debated, and high profile examples of discrepancies between the results of observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have intensified that debate. We systematically reviewed findings from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), one of the longest and largest observational studies, to assess the number and strength of the associations reported and to determine if they have been confirmed in RCTs. Methods We reviewed NHS publication abstracts from 1978–2012, extracted information on associations tested, and graded the strength of the reported effect sizes. We searched PubMed for RCTs or systematic reviews for 3 health outcomes commonly reported in NHS publications: breast cancer, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and osteoporosis. NHS results were compared with RCT results and deemed concordant when the difference in effect sizes between studies was ≤0.15. Findings 2007 associations between health outcomes and independent variables were reported in 1053 abstracts. 58.0% (1165/2007) were statistically significant, and 22.2% (445/2007) were neutral (no association). Among the statistically significant results that reported a numeric odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR), 70.5% (706/1002) reported a weak association (OR/RR 0.5–2.0), 24.5% (246/1002) a moderate association (OR/RR 0.25–0.5 or 2.0–4.0) and 5.0% (50/1002) a strong association (OR/RR ≤0.25 or ≥4.0). 19 associations reported in NHS publications for breast cancer, IHD and osteoporosis have been tested in RCTs, and the concordance between NHS and RCT results was low (≤25%). Conclusions NHS publications contain a large number of analyses, the majority of which reported statistically significant but weak associations. Few of these associations have been tested in RCTs, and where they have, the agreement between NHS results and RCTs is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Tai
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Grey
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark J. Bolland
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Polyzos SA, Makras P, Efstathiadou Z, Anastasilakis AD. Investigational parathyroid hormone receptor analogs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:145-57. [PMID: 25316089 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.973021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration, acting through multiple signaling pathways, exerts an osteoanabolic effect on the skeleton that surpasses the effect of other antiosteoporotic agents. However, its efficacy is limited by the coupling effect and relatively common adverse events. Thus, the development of more sophisticated PTH receptor analogs seems imperative. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize the role of PTH signaling pathway in bone remodeling. The authors also summarize investigational analogs targeting this pathway, which may be potential treatments for osteoporosis. EXPERT OPINION β-arrestins are multifunctional cytoplasmic molecules that are decisive for regulating intracellular PTH signaling. Recently, in preclinical studies, arrestin analogs have achieved the anabolic bone effect of PTH without an accompanying increase in bone resorption. However, it is not yet known whether these analogs have adverse effects and there are no clinical data for their efficacy to date. On the other hand, several molecules derived either from PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) molecules have been developed. Alternative routes of PTH 1 - 34 delivery (oral, transdermal), the PTH analog ostabolin and the N-terminal PTHrP analogs PTHrP 1 - 36 and abaloparatide, have recently been or are currently being tested in clinical trials and are more likely to become available for use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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Jones G, Winzenberg TM, Callisaya ML, Laslett LL. Lifestyle modifications to improve musculoskeletal and bone health and reduce disability--a life-course approach. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:461-78. [PMID: 25481426 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the evidence relating to lifestye modification in the big three musculoskeletal conditions: osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Lifestyle is of considerable importance in the first two and there is emerging evidence for rheumatoid arthritis despite it not traditionally being considered a lifestyle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Private bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Tania M Winzenberg
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Private bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Private bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Laura L Laslett
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Private bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
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Levy SM, Warren JJ, Phipps K, Letuchy E, Broffitt B, Eichenberger-Gilmore J, Burns TL, Kavand G, Janz KF, Torner JC, Pauley CA. Effects of life-long fluoride intake on bone measures of adolescents: a prospective cohort study. J Dent Res 2014; 93:353-9. [PMID: 24470542 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514520708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy persists concerning the impact of community water fluoridation on bone health in adults, and few studies have assessed relationships with bone at younger ages. Ecological studies of fluoride's effects showed some increase in bone mineral density of adolescents and young adults in areas with fluoridated water compared with non-fluoridated areas. However, none had individual fluoride exposure measures. To avoid ecological fallacy and reduce bias, we assessed associations of average daily fluoride intake from birth to age 15 yr for Iowa Bone Development Study cohort members with age 15 yr dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone outcomes (whole body, lumbar spine, and hip), controlling for known determinants (including daily calcium intake, average daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, and physical maturity). Mean (SD) daily fluoride intake was 0.66 mg (0.24) for females and 0.78 mg (0.30) for males. We found no significant relationships between daily fluoride intake and adolescents' bone measures in adjusted models (for 183 females, all p values ≥ .10 and all partial R(2) ≤ 0.02; for 175 males, all p values ≥ .34 and all partial R(2) ≤ 0.01). The findings suggest that fluoride exposures at the typical levels for most US adolescents in fluoridated areas do not have significant effects on bone mineral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Mirghaderi F, Monshi A, Kasiri M, Doostmohammadi A, Khaghani M. A Short Study on the Experimental Glass-Ionomer Cement Containing P 2O 5. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.789876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Sreenivasan D, Watson M, Callon K, Dray M, Das R, Grey A, Cornish J, Fernandez J. Integrating micro CT indices, CT imaging and computational modelling to assess the mechanical performance of fluoride treated bone. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:1793-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Brance ML, Brun LR, Di Loreto VE, Lupo M, Rigalli A. Sequential treatment with monofluorophosphate and zoledronic acid in osteoporotic rats. Climacteric 2013; 17:478-85. [PMID: 24205901 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.860117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is the consequence of an imbalance in bone remodeling caused by excessive resorption or inappropriate bone formation. This paper proposes a sequential treatment with monofluorophosphate (MFP) and zoledronic acid (Z), together with changes in the calcium content in the diet. METHOD Seven-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 21 per group): (1) sham-operated rats (Sham); (2) ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with a normal calcium diet (OVX); (3) OVX rats fed with a normal calcium diet and treated sequentially with monofluorophosphate and zoledronic acid (OVX.G1); (4) OVX rats sequentially fed with a low calcium diet and then a high calcium diet, without treatment (OVX.G2); (5): OVX rats fed with a low calcium diet and then a high calcium diet, treated sequentially with monofluorophosphate and zoledronic acid (OVX.G3). RESULTS After 150 days, the OVX.G3 group showed a similar bone volume to that of the Sham group due to an increase in trabecular number. Dual X-ray absorptiometry bone analysis showed an increase of 9.8% compared with OVX rats. Additionally, an increase in the fracture load at the cortical bone and higher fracture load, ultimate load and stiffness in the compression test were found. CONCLUSION The sequential treatment with monofluorophosphate and zoledronic acid increases trabecular bone mass, bone mineral density and bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Brance
- * Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University , Rosario
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Bala Y, Farlay D, Boivin G. Bone mineralization: from tissue to crystal in normal and pathological contexts. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2153-66. [PMID: 23229470 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a complex and structured material; its mechanical behavior results from an interaction between the properties of each level of its structural hierarchy. The degree of mineralization of bone (bone density measured at tissue level) and the characteristics of the mineral deposited (apatite crystals) are major determinants of bone strength. Bone remodeling activity acts as a regulator of the degree of mineralization and of the distribution of mineral at the tissue level, directly impacting bone mechanical properties. Recent findings have highlighted the need to understand the underlying process occurring at the nanostructure level that may be independent of bone remodeling itself. A more global comprehension of bone qualities will need further works designed to characterize what are the consequences on whole bone strength of changes at nano- or microstructure levels relative to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bala
- Endocrine Center, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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40
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Lombarte M, Fina BL, Lupo M, Buzalaf MA, Rigalli A. Physical exercise ameliorates the toxic effect of fluoride on the insulin-glucose system. J Endocrinol 2013; 218:99-103. [PMID: 23660080 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Daily intake of water with fluoride concentrations >1.5 mg/l produces insulin resistance (IR). On the other hand, physical activity increases insulin sensitivity in the muscle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical activity on IR in rats treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) in drinking water. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n=10/group): Control (drinking water without NaF), NaF (drinking water with NaF 15 mg/l for 30 days), and Exercise (daily running on a treadmill for 60 min at 2.25 m/min and drinking water with NaF 15 mg/l for 30 days). IR was evaluated with the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index using fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin. IR increased in rats treated with 15 mg/l NaF in drinking water. A decrease in IR was observed in rats that performed physical activity and drank water with 15 mg/l NaF; the Exercise group also showed an increase in the amounts of bone fluoride. The variation in the HOMA-IR values could be the consequence of variation in the sensitivity of tissues to insulin or decrease in plasma fluoride levels due to bone fluoride intake. These findings indicate that the performance of daily physical activity could reduce the negative effects of the chronic ingestion of NaF on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Lombarte
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Argentina.
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Grey A, Garg S, Dray M, Purvis L, Horne A, Callon K, Gamble G, Bolland M, Reid IR, Cundy T. Low-dose fluoride in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2301-7. [PMID: 23553866 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trials of high-dose fluoride have reported increased bone formation and bone mineral density (BMD), but impaired bone mineralization and either adverse or neutral effects on fracture risk. Meta-analysis of a heterogeneous dataset of small trials suggests that daily doses of <20 mg fluoride might reduce fracture risk, but it is not known whether low doses of fluoride are safely anabolic to bone. OBJECTIVE We set out to investigate the skeletal effects of low doses of fluoride. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial over 1 year at an academic research center, in 180 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. INTERVENTION Participants received daily treatment with tablets containing placebo, 2.5 mg fluoride, 5 mg fluoride, or 10 mg fluoride. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was a change in lumbar spine BMD at 1 year; secondary endpoints were hip and forearm BMD, and markers of bone turnover. Safety was assessed by histomorphometric analysis of transiliac bone biopsies from a subset of participants. RESULTS Compared to placebo, none of the doses of fluoride altered BMD at any site. The bone formation marker, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, increased significantly in the 5 mg and 10 mg fluoride groups compared to placebo (P = .04 and .005, respectively). No differences were observed between placebo and any of the fluoride groups in levels of β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose fluoride does not induce substantial effects on surrogates of skeletal health and is unlikely to be an effective therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grey
- University of Auckland, Department of Medicine, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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42
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Shah FA, Brauer DS, Wilson RM, Hill RG, Hing KA. Influence of cell culture medium composition onin vitrodissolution behavior of a fluoride-containing bioactive glass. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:647-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
- Department of Biomaterials; Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Box 412 SE-405 30 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Delia S. Brauer
- Dental Physical Sciences; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
- Otto-Schott-Institut; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität; Fraunhoferstr. 6 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Rory M. Wilson
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
| | - Robert G. Hill
- Dental Physical Sciences; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
| | - Karin A. Hing
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
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43
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Brun LR, Lupo M, Delorenzi DA, Di Loreto VE, Rigalli A. Chicken eggshell as suitable calcium source at home. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:740-3. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.787399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mostafaei F, McNeill FE, Chettle DR, Prestwich WV, Inskip M. Design of a phantom equivalent to measure bone-fluorine in a human's hand via delayed neutron activation analysis. Physiol Meas 2013; 34:503-12. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/34/5/503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bachar A, Mercier C, Tricoteaux A, Hampshire S, Leriche A, Follet C. Effect of nitrogen and fluorine on mechanical properties and bioactivity in two series of bioactive glasses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 23:133-48. [PMID: 23676624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are able to bond to bone through formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite in body fluids, and fluoride-releasing bioactive glasses are of interest for both orthopaedic and, in particular, dental applications for caries inhibition. However, because of their poor strength their use is restricted to non-load-bearing applications. In order to increase their mechanical properties, doping with nitrogen has been performed on two series of bioactive glasses: series (I) was a "bioglass" composition (without P2O5) within the quaternary system SiO2-Na2O-CaO-Si3N4 and series (II) was a simple substitution of CaF2 for CaO in series (I) glasses keeping the Na:Ca ratio constant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the variation in nitrogen and fluorine content on the properties of these glasses. The density, glass transition temperature, hardness and elastic modulus all increased linearly with nitrogen content which indicates that the incorporation of nitrogen stiffens the glass network because N is mainly in 3-fold coordination with Si atoms. Fluorine addition significantly decreases the thermal property values but the mechanical properties of these glasses remain unchanged with fluorine. The combination of both nitrogen and fluorine in oxyfluoronitride glasses gives better mechanical properties at much lower melting temperatures since fluorine reduces the melting point, allows higher solubility of nitrogen and does not affect the higher mechanical properties arising from incorporation of nitrogen. The characterization of these N and F substituted bioactive glasses using (29)Si MAS NMR has shown that the increase in rigidity of the glass network can be explained by the formation of SiO3N, SiO2N2 tetrahedra and Q(4) units with extra bridging anions at the expense of Q(3) units. Bioactivity of the glasses was investigated in vitro by examining apatite formation on the surface of glasses treated in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations similar to those in human blood plasma. Formation of a bioactive apatite layer on the samples treated in SBF was confirmed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The crystallinity of this layer decreases with increasing N content suggesting that N may decrease bioactivity slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bachar
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis, Valenciennes, France.
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Gentleman E, Stevens MM, Hill RG, Brauer DS. Surface properties and ion release from fluoride-containing bioactive glasses promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5771-9. [PMID: 23128161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BG) are suitable for bone regeneration applications as they bond with bone and can be tailored to release therapeutic ions. Fluoride, which is widely recognized to prevent dental caries, is efficacious in promoting bone formation and preventing osteoporosis-related fractures when administered at appropriate doses. To take advantage of these properties, we created BG incorporating increasing levels of fluoride whilst holding their silicate structure constant, and tested their effects on human osteoblasts in vitro. Our results demonstrate that, whilst cell proliferation was highest on low-fluoride-containing BG, markers for differentiation and mineralization were highest on BG with the highest fluoride contents, a likely effect of a combination of surface effects and ion release. Furthermore, osteoblasts exposed to the dissolution products of fluoride-containing BG or early doses of sodium fluoride showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for bone mineralization, suggesting that fluoride can direct osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that BG that can release therapeutic levels of fluoride may find use in a range of bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gentleman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Miller LE, Ramp WK, Steele CR, Nickols-Richardson SM, Herbert WG. Rationale, design and clinical performance of the mechanical response tissue analyser: a non-invasive technology for measurement of long bone bending stiffness. J Med Eng Technol 2013; 37:144-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2012.753128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bohinc BN, Gesty-Palmer D. Arrestins in Bone. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 118:335-58. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394440-5.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Fraser LA, Adachi JD. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: treatment update and review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 1:71-85. [PMID: 22870429 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x09343729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a serious consequence of glucocorticoid therapy leading to fractures in 30-50% of patients. A wide range of protective medications have been studied in this condition including calcium, vitamin D, vitamin D analogs, oral and intravenous bisphosphonates, sex hormones, anabolic agents and calcitonin. The mechanism of action, and evidence for these therapies, are reviewed - focusing on important trials and new evidence. Recently published guidelines are also reviewed and compared. Bisphosphonates are currently the recommended first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of GIO. They have been shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip and to decrease the incidence of vertebral fractures (especially in postmenopausal women). Testosterone therapy and female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been found to increase lumbar spine BMD in hypogonadal patients on glucocorticoid therapy, but effects on hip BMD have not been consistent and there is no fracture data in the GIO population. Similarly, calcitonin increases lumbar spine BMD but has no proven fracture efficacy. The effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators, the oral contraceptive pill and strontium on GIO is relatively unknown. Parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) and zoledronic acid have emerged as exciting new options for the treatment of GIO. Both therapies have been found to result in gains in BMD at the spine and hip that are either noninferior or superior to those seen with oral bisphosphonate therapy. PTH 1-34 has also been found to decrease the incidence of new vertebral fractures and may be an option in high-risk patients established on long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Ann Fraser
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Aaseth J, Boivin G, Andersen O. Osteoporosis and trace elements--an overview. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26:149-52. [PMID: 22575536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
More than 200 million people are affected by osteoporosis worldwide, as estimated by 2 million annual hip fractures and other debilitating bone fractures (vertebrae compression and Colles' fractures). Osteoporosis is a multi-factorial disease with potential contributions from genetic, endocrine functional, exercise related and nutritional factors. Of particular considerations are calcium (Ca) status, vitamin D, fluoride, magnesium and other trace elements. Several trace elements such as zinc and copper are essential for normal development of the skeleton in humans and animals. Fluoride accumulates in new bone and results in a net gain in bone mass, but may be associated with a tissue of poor quality. Aluminum induces impairment of bone formation. Gallium and cadmium suppresses bone turnover. However, exact involvements of the trace elements in osteoporosis have not yet been fully clarified. Numerous investigators have evaluated the role of medications and supplementations with minerals and trace substances to reverse the progression of this disease. Although bisphosphonates are still the drugs of choice, low-dosed fluoride and strontium salts have shown promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Department of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2226 Kongsvinger, Norway.
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