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Qiao D, Zhang T, Tang M. Autophagy regulation by inorganic, organic, and organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles: Organelle damage, regulation factors, and potential pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23429. [PMID: 37409715 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology requires a more thorough understanding of the potential health effects caused by nanoparticles (NPs). As a programmed cell death, autophagy is one of the biological effects induced by NPs, which maintain intracellular homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and removing aggregates of defective proteins through lysosomes. Currently, autophagy has been shown to be associated with the development of several diseases. A significant number of research have demonstrated that most NPs can regulate autophagy, and their regulation of autophagy is divided into induction and blockade. Studying the autophagy regulation by NPs will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of NPs. In this review, we will illustrate the effects of different types of NPs on autophagy, including inorganic NPs, organic NPs, and organic/inorganic hybrid NPs. The potential mechanisms by which NPs regulate autophagy are highlighted, including organelle damage, oxidative stress, inducible factors, and multiple signaling pathways. In addition, we list the factors influencing NPs-regulated autophagy. This review may provide basic information for the safety assessment of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Bisht B, Jaiswal KK, Parveen A, Kumar S, Verma M, Kim H, Vlaskin MS, Singh N, Kumar V. A phyco-nanobionics biohybrid system for increased carotenoid accumulation in C. sorokiniana UUIND6. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7466-7477. [PMID: 37449368 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in "phyco-nanobionics" have sparked considerable interest in the ability of microalgae to synthesize high-value natural bioactive compounds such as carotenoid pigments, which have been highlighted as an emergent and vital bioactive compound from both industrial and scientific perspectives. Such bioactive compounds are often synthesized by either altering the biogenetic processes existing in living microorganisms or using synthetic techniques derived from petroleum-based chemical sources. A bio-hybrid light-driven cell factory system was established herein by using harmful macroalgal bloom extract (HMBE) and efficient light-harvesting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to synthesize HMBE-AgNPs and integrating the synthesized HMBE-AgNPs in various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm) into the microalgae C. sorokiniana UUIND6 to improve the overall solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency in carotenoid pigment synthesis in microalgae. The current study findings found high biocompatibility of 5 ppm HMBE-AgNP concentration that can serve as a built-in photo-sensitizer and significantly improve ROS levels in microalgae (6.75 ± 0.25 μmol H2O2 g-1), thus elevating total photosynthesis resulting in a two-fold increase in carotenoids (457.5 ± 2.5 μg mL-1) over the native microalgae without compromising biomass yield. NMR spectroscopy was additionally applied to acquire a better understanding of pure carotenoids derived from microalgae, which indicated similar peaks in both spectra when compared to β-carotene. Thus, this well-planned bio-hybrid system offers a potential option for the cost-effective and long-term supply of these natural carotenoid bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Bisht
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Monu Verma
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
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3
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Yuan W, Zhan X, Liu W, Ma R, Zhou Y, Xu G, Ge Z. Mmu-miR-25-3p promotes macrophage autophagy by targeting DUSP10 to reduce mycobacteria survival. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1120570. [PMID: 37256106 PMCID: PMC10225524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1120570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of miR-25-3p on macrophage autophagy and its effect on macrophage clearance of intracellular Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) retention based on the previous findings on the differential expression of exosomal miRNA in macrophages infected with BCG. Methods Through enrichment analysis and Hub gene analysis, key differentially expressed miRNA and its target genes were selected. The targeted binding ability of the screened mmu-miR-25-3p and its predicted target gene DUSP10 was determined through the TargetScan database, and this was further verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. mmu-miR-25-3p mimics, mmu-miR-25-3p inhibitor, si-DUSP10, miR-NC,si-NC and PD98059 (ERK Inhibitor) were used to intervene macrophages Raw264.7. Rt-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of mmu-miR-25-3p and DUSP10 mRNA. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of DUSP10, LC3-II, p-ERK1/2, beclin1, Atg5 and Atg7. The autophagy flux of macrophage Raw264.7 in each group was observed by confocal laser microscopy, and the expression distribution of DUSP10 and the structure of autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the intracellular BCG load of macrophage Raw264.7 was evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. Results Bioinformatics analysis filtered and identified the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs. As a result, mmu-miR-25-3p expression was significantly increased, and dual specificity phosphatase 10 (DUSP10) was predicted as its target gene that was predominantly involved in autophagy regulation. The dual luciferase reporter gene activity assay showed that mmu-miR-25-3p was targeted to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of DUSP10. The infection of BCG induced the upregulation of mmu-miR-25-3p and downregulation of DUSP10 in RAW264.7 cells, which further increased the expression of LC3-II and promoted autophagy. Upregulated mmu-miR-25-3p expression decreased the level of DUSP10 and enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which in turn upregulated the expression of LC3-II, Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin1. Immuno-electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and autophagic flux analysis further confirmed that the upregulation of mmu-miR-25-3p promotes the autophagy of macrophages after BCG infection. The CFU number indicated that upregulated mmu-miR-25-3p expression decreased the mycobacterial load and accelerated residual mycobacteria clearance. Conclusion mmu-miR-25-3p promotes the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by inhibiting the expression of DUSP10, thus enhancing the BCG-induced autophagy of macrophages. These phenomena reduce the bacterial load of intracellular Mycobacterium and facilitate the clearance of residual mycobacteria. mmu-miR-25-3p has great potential as a target for anti-tuberculosis immunotherapy and can be the optimal miRNA loaded into exosomal drug delivery system in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuehua Zhan
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Clinical Medicine School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yueyong Zhou
- Clinical Medicine School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhaohui Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Badawy MMM, Abdel-Hamid GR, Mohamed HE. Antitumor Activity of Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Animal Models. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1274-1285. [PMID: 35867269 PMCID: PMC9898336 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide. Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanocomposite (Fe3O4/Cs) is a promising bio-nanomaterial for many biological applications. The objective of this research was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of Fe3O4/Cs against HCC in animal models. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared and added to chitosan solution; then, the mixture was exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 20 kGy. Rats have received diethylnitrosamine (DEN) orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight 5 times per week during a period of 10 weeks to induce HCC and then have received Fe3O4/Cs intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight 3 times per week during a period of 4 weeks. After the last dose of Fe3O4/Cs administration, animals were sacrificed. DEN induced upregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK (ERK, JNK, P38) signaling pathways and inflammatory markers (TLR4, iNOS, and TNF-α). DEN also decreases cleaved caspase-3 and increases liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) activities. Administration of Fe3O4/Cs significantly ameliorated the above-mentioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monda M. M. Badawy
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan R. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah E. Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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C3d(g), iron nanoparticles, hemin and cytochrome c may induce oxidative cytotoxicity in tumors and reduce tumor-associated myeloid cells-mediated immunosuppression. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Cameron SJ, Sheng J, Hosseinian F, Willmore WG. Nanoparticle Effects on Stress Response Pathways and Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7962. [PMID: 35887304 PMCID: PMC9323783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in a wide variety of applications and products; however, NPs may affect stress response pathways and interact with proteins in biological systems. This review article will provide an overview of the beneficial and detrimental effects of NPs on stress response pathways with a focus on NP-protein interactions. Depending upon the particular NP, experimental model system, and dose and exposure conditions, the introduction of NPs may have either positive or negative effects. Cellular processes such as the development of oxidative stress, the initiation of the inflammatory response, mitochondrial function, detoxification, and alterations to signaling pathways are all affected by the introduction of NPs. In terms of tissue-specific effects, the local microenvironment can have a profound effect on whether an NP is beneficial or harmful to cells. Interactions of NPs with metal-binding proteins (zinc, copper, iron and calcium) affect both their structure and function. This review will provide insights into the current knowledge of protein-based nanotoxicology and closely examines the targets of specific NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana J. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Jessica Sheng
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
| | - William G. Willmore
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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7
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Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa C, Brandão F, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B. Toxicological Aspects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:303-350. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cho Y, Kim HS, Kang D, Kim H, Lee N, Yun J, Kim YJ, Lee KM, Kim JH, Kim HR, Hwang YI, Jo CH, Kim JH. CTRP3 exacerbates tendinopathy by dysregulating tendon stem cell differentiation and altering extracellular matrix composition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6069. [PMID: 34797714 PMCID: PMC8604415 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy, the most common disorder affecting tendons, is characterized by chronic disorganization of the tendon matrix, which leads to tendon tear and rupture. The goal was to identify a rational molecular target whose blockade can serve as a potential therapeutic intervention for tendinopathy. We identified C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) as a markedly up-regulated cytokine in human and rodent tendinopathy. Overexpression of CTRP3 enhanced the progression of tendinopathy by accumulating cartilaginous proteoglycans and degenerating collagenous fibers in the mouse tendon, whereas CTRP3 knockdown suppressed the tendinopathy pathogenesis. Functional blockade of CTRP3 using a neutralizing antibody ameliorated overuse-induced tendinopathy of the Achilles and rotator cuff tendons. Mechanistically, CTRP3 elicited a transcriptomic pattern that stimulates abnormal differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells and ectopic chondrification as an effect linked to activation of Akt signaling. Collectively, we reveal an essential role for CTRP3 in tendinopathy and propose a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsik Cho
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seop Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kang
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Narae Lee
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- School of Medicine, CHA University, 13496 Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yi-Jun Kim
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 07985 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Foot and Ankle Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 13620 Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-il Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chris Hyunchul Jo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 07061 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Ajdary M, Keyhanfar F, Moosavi MA, Shabani R, Mehdizadeh M, Varma RS. Potential toxicity of nanoparticles on the reproductive system animal models: A review. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103384. [PMID: 34583090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, nanotechnology has been involved in an array of applications in various fields, including diagnostic kits, disease treatment, drug manufacturing, drug delivery, and gene therapy. But concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles have greatly hindered their use; also, due to their increasing use in various industries, all members of society are exposed to the toxicity of these nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a negative impact on various organs, including the reproductive system. They also can induce abortion in women, reduce fetal growth and development, and can damage the reproductive system and sperm morphology in men. In some cases, it has been observed that despite the modification of nanoparticles in composition, concentration, and method of administration, there is still damage to the reproductive organs. Therefore, understanding how nanoparticles affect the reproductive system is of very importance. In several studies, the nanoparticle toxicity effect on the genital organs has been investigated at the clinical and molecular levels using the in vivo and in vitro models. This study reviews these investigations and provides important data on the toxicity, hazards, and safety of nanoparticles in the reproductive system to facilitate the optimal use of nanoparticles in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Ajdary
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariborz Keyhanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Maphasa RE, Meyer M, Dube A. The Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Opportunities for Autophagy Inducing Nanomedicines for Tuberculosis Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:618414. [PMID: 33628745 PMCID: PMC7897680 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.618414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The major causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has developed mechanisms to evade host defense responses and persist within host cells for prolonged periods of time. Mtb is also increasingly resistant to existing anti-TB drugs. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new therapeutics for TB and host directed therapies (HDTs) hold potential as effective therapeutics for TB. There is growing interest in the induction of autophagy in Mtb host cells using autophagy inducing compounds (AICs). Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the effect of AICs, thus improving stability, enabling cell targeting and providing opportunities for multimodal therapy. In this review, we focus on the macrophage responses to Mtb infection, in particular, the mechanistic aspects of autophagy and the evasion of autophagy by intracellular Mtb. Due to the overlap between the onset of autophagy and apoptosis; we also focus on the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy. We will also review known AICs in the context of Mtb infection. Finally, we discuss the applications of NPs in inducing autophagy with the intention of sharing insights to encourage further research and development of nanomedicine HDTs for TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retsepile E Maphasa
- Infectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Admire Dube
- Infectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Qiao X, Wang C, Wang W, Shang Y, Li Y, Ni J, Chen SZ. Levamisole enhances DR4-independent apoptosis induced by TRAIL through inhibiting the activation of JNK in lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 257:118034. [PMID: 32621923 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
THE HEADINGS AIMS Levamisole has anti-parasite and antitumor activities, but the anti-lung cancer mechanism has not been studied. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regarded as a promising drug because of the ability to selectively target cancer cells. However, the tolerance of cancer cells to TRAIL limits its antitumor activity. Other drugs combined with TRAIL need to be explored to enhance its antitumor activity. Based on the adjuvant anticancer effect of levamisole on anticancer drugs activity, the antitumor activity of levamisole combined with TRAIL will be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro and in vivo experiments were employed to investigate the anti-tumor activity. Flow-cytometry analysis, western blotting and siRNA transfection were used to explore the molecular mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Levamisole decreased the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Besides, levamisole also enhanced TRAIL-induced DR4-independent apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of cJUN. A new cellular protective pathway LC3B-DR4/Erk was also disclosed, in which levamisole only increased the expression of LC3B and then activated the phosphorylation of Erk and increased the expression of DR4, while p-Erk and DR4 inter-regulated. SIGNIFICANCE Levamisole may be used as an adjuvant of TRAIL in treating lung cancer. The discovery of LC3B-DR4/Erk as a new protective pathway provides a new direction for sensitizing lung cancer cells to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Wendie Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China.
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Raj EN, Lin Y, Chen C, Liu K, Chao J. Selective Autophagy Pathway of Nanoparticles and Nanodrugs: Drug Delivery and Pathophysiological Effects. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Naveen Raj
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Kai Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Jui‐I Chao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
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Effects of Saccharides from Arctium lappa L. Root on FeCl 3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis via the ERK/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7691352. [PMID: 32308808 PMCID: PMC7132581 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7691352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saccharides from Arctium lappa. L. root (ALR-S) is a high-purity fructosaccharide separated from the medicinal plant Arctium lappa. L. root. These compounds showed many pharmacological effects in previous studies. In the present study, the antithrombotic effects of ALR-S in arterial thrombosis via inhibiting platelet adhesion and rebalancing thrombotic and antithrombotic factor expression and secretion were found in rats and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). This study also showed that inhibition of oxidative stress (OS), which is closely involved in the expression of coagulation- and thrombosis-related proteins, was involved in the antithrombotic effects of ALR-S. Furthermore, studies using FeCl3-treated HAECs showed that ALR-S induced the abovementioned effects at least partly by blocking the ERK/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, U0126, a specific inhibitor of ERK, exhibited the same effects with ALR-S on a thrombotic process in FeCl3-injured HAECs, suggesting the thrombotic role of the ERK/NF-κB pathway and the antithrombotic role of blocking the ERK/NF-κB pathway by ALR-S. In conclusion, our study revealed that the ERK/NF-κB pathway is a potential therapeutic target in arterial thrombosis and that ALR-S has good characteristics for the cure of arterial thrombosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Morgan J, Bell R, Jones AL. Endogenous doesn't always mean innocuous: a scoping review of iron toxicity by inhalation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2020; 23:107-136. [PMID: 32106786 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1731896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a leading risk factor for the global burden of disease. One possible pathway of particulate matter (PM)-induced toxicity is through iron (Fe), the most abundant metal in the atmosphere. The aim of the review was to consider the complexity of Fe-mediated toxicity following inhalation exposure focusing on the chemical and surface reactivity of Fe as a transition metal and possible pathways of toxicity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as considerations of size, morphology, and source of PM. A broad term search of 4 databases identified 2189 journal articles and reports examining exposure to Fe via inhalation in the past 10 years. These were sequentially analyzed by title, abstract and full-text to identify 87 articles publishing results on the toxicity of Fe-containing PM by inhalation or instillation to the respiratory system. The remaining 87 papers were examined to summarize research dealing with in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies involving PM containing Fe or iron oxide following inhalation or instillation. The major findings from these investigations are summarized and tabulated. Epidemiological studies showed that exposure to Fe oxide is correlated with an increased incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and several respiratory diseases. Iron PM was found to induce inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and to translocate to remote locations including the brain following inhalation. A potential pathway for the PM-containing Fe-mediated toxicity by inhalation is via the generation of ROS which leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidation. Our recommendations include an expansion of epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies, integrating research improvements outlined in this review, such as the method of particle preparation, cell line type, and animal model, to enhance our understanding of the complex biological interactions of these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Morgan
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Robin Bell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Alison L Jones
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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15
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Cordani M, Somoza Á. Targeting autophagy using metallic nanoparticles: a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1215-1242. [PMID: 30483817 PMCID: PMC6420884 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive genetic and phenotypic variations present in the different tumors, they frequently share common metabolic alterations, such as autophagy. Autophagy is a self-degradative process in response to stresses by which damaged macromolecules and organelles are targeted by autophagic vesicles to lysosomes and then eliminated. It is known that autophagy dysfunctions can promote tumorigenesis and cancer development, but, interestingly, its overstimulation by cytotoxic drugs may also induce cell death and chemosensitivity. For this reason, the possibility to modulate autophagy may represent a valid therapeutic approach to treat different types of cancers and a variety of clinical trials, using autophagy modulators, are currently employed. On the other hand, recent progress in nanotechnology offers plenty of tools to fight cancer with innovative and efficient therapeutic agents by overcoming obstacles usually encountered with traditional drugs. Interestingly, nanomaterials can modulate autophagy and have been exploited as therapeutic agents against cancer. In this article, we summarize the most recent advances in the application of metallic nanostructures as potent modulators of autophagy process through multiple mechanisms, stressing their therapeutic implications in cancer diseases. For this reason, we believe that autophagy modulation with nanoparticle-based strategies would acquire clinical relevance in the near future, as a complementary therapy for the treatment of cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Park EJ, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Yoon C, Lee K. Cigarette smoke extract may induce lysosomal storage disease-like adverse health effects. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:510-524. [PMID: 30485468 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is known to be associated with the incidence of a variety of pulmonary diseases, and alveolar macrophages are a key player in the defense mechanism against inhalable toxicants. Herein, we have found that a hydrophilic fraction in smoke extracts from 3R4F reference cigarettes (CSE) contains high concentrations of volatile substances compared to cigarette smoke condensate (amphoteric fraction). We also identified the toxic mechanism of CSE using MH-S, a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line. CSE decreased cell viability accompanying increased lactate dehydrogenase release. Additionally, mitochondrial volume and the potential increased along with enhanced expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins and decreased adenosine triphosphate production. Similarly, CSE clearly induced increase of catalase activity and intracellular calcium concentration and decrease of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome volume at the highest dose. More interestingly, damaged organelles accumulated in the cytosol, and CSE-containing particles specifically penetrated to mitochondria. Meanwhile, any significant change in autophagy related protein expression was not found in CSE-treated cells. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of CSE on secretion of inflammatory related cytokines and chemokines, considering the relationship between organelle damage and the disturbed immune response. Very importantly, we found that expression of innate and adaptive immunity related mediators is disrupted following CSE exposure. Taken together, we suggest that CSE may cause the accumulation of damaged organelles in the cytoplasm by impairing selective autophagic function. In addition, this accumulation is responsible for the inadequate ability of immune cells to repair the damage of lung tissue following exposure to CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zhang R, Lin XH, Liu HH, Ma M, Chen J, Chen J, Gao DM, Cui JF, Chen RX. Activated hepatic stellate cells promote progression of post-heat residual hepatocellular carcinoma from autophagic survival to proliferation. Int J Hyperthermia 2019; 36:253-263. [PMID: 30701994 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1558459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Hui Lin
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Hua Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ma
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Feng Cui
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Xin Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang X, Qi Z, Yin H, Yang G. Interaction between p53 and Ras signaling controls cisplatin resistance via HDAC4- and HIF-1α-mediated regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1096-1114. [PMID: 30867818 PMCID: PMC6401400 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between p53 and RAS signaling regulates cancer chemoresistance, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the interactive effects of p53 and RAS on ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance to explore the potential therapeutic targets. Methods: An inducible p53 and RAS mutants active in either MAPK/ERK (S35 and E38) or PI3K/AKT (C40) or both (V12) were sequentially introduced into a p53-null ovarian cancer cell line-SKOV3. Comparative microarray analysis was performed using Gene Chip Prime View Human Gene Expression arrays (Affymetrix). In vitro assays of autophagy and apoptosis and in vivo animal experiments were performed by p53 induction and/or cisplatin treatment using the established cell lines. The correlation between HDAC4 and HIF-1α or CREBZF and the association of HDAC4, HIF-1α, CREBZF, ERK, AKT, and p53 mRNA levels with patient survival in 523 serous ovarian cancer cases from TCGA was assessed. Results: We show that p53 and RAS mutants differentially control cellular apoptosis and autophagy to inhibit or to promote chemoresistance through dysregulation of Bax, Bcl2, ATG3, and ATG12. ERK and AKT active RAS mutants are mutually suppressive to confer or to deprive cisplatin resistance. Further studies demonstrate that p53 induces HIF-1α degradation and HDAC4 cytoplasmic translocation and phosphorylation. S35, E38, and V12 but not C40 promote HDAC4 phosphorylation and its cytoplasmic translocation along with HIF-1α. Wild-type p53 expression in RAS mutant cells enhances HIF-1α turnover in ovarian and lung cancer cells. Autophagy and anti-apoptotic processes can be promoted by the overexpression and cytoplasmic translocation of HDAC4 and HIF1-α. Moreover, the phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of HDAC4 activate the transcription factor CREBZF to promote ATG3 transcription. High HDAC4 or CREBZF expression predicted poor overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS) in ovarian cancer patients, whereas high HIF-1α expression was statistically correlated with poor or good OS depending on p53 status. Conclusion: HIF-1α and HDAC4 may mediate the interaction between p53 and RAS signaling to actively control ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance through dysregulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Targeting HDAC4, HIF-1α and CREBZF may be considered in treatment of ovarian cancer with p53 and RAS mutations.
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19
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Cigarette smoke condensate may disturb immune function with apoptotic cell death by impairing function of organelles in alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:351-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Li Y, Ju D. The Role of Autophagy in Nanoparticles-Induced Toxicity and Its Related Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1048:71-84. [PMID: 29453533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, nanoparticles have been widely used in industry and pharmaceutical fields for drug delivery, anti-pathogen, and diagnostic imaging purposes because of their unique physicochemical characteristics such as special ultrastructure, dispersity, and effective cellular uptake properties. But the nanotoxicity has been raised over the extensive applications of nanoparticles. Researchers have elucidated series of mechanisms in nanoparticles-induced toxicity, including apoptosis, necrosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. Among upon mechanisms, autophagy was recently recognized as an important cell death style in various nanoparticles-induced toxicity, but the role of autophagy and its related cellular and molecular mechanisms during nanoparticles-triggered toxicity were still confusing. In the chapter, we briefly introduced the general process of autophagy, summarized the different roles of autophagy in various nanoparticle-treated different in vitro/in vivo models, and deeply analyzed the physicochemical and biochemical (cellular and molecular) mechanisms of autophagy during nanoparticles-induced toxicity through listing and summarizing representative examples. Physicochemical mechanisms mainly include dispersity, size, charge, and surface chemistry; cellular mechanisms primarily focus on lysosome impairment, mitochondria dysfunction, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and endoplasmic reticulum autophagy; while molecular mechanisms were mainly including autophagy related signaling pathways, hypoxia-inducible factor, and oxidative stress. This chapter highlighted the important role of autophagy as a critical mechanism in nanoparticles-induced toxicity, and the physicochemical and biochemical mechanisms of autophagy triggered by nanoparticles might be useful for establishing a guideline for the evaluation of nanotoxicology, designing and developing new biosafety nanoparticles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wu Q, Miao T, Feng T, Yang C, Guo Y, Li H. Dextran‑coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles activate the MAPK pathway in human primary monocyte cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:564-570. [PMID: 29749448 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in biomedicine, it is essential to investigate the bio‑security of these nanoparticles, especially with respect to the human immune system. In the present study, the biological effects of dextran‑coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Dex‑SPIONs) on human primary monocyte cells were evaluated. The results of the present study demonstrated that Dex‑SPIONs can be identified in phagosomes or freed in the cytoplasm and did not affect cell viability or induce apoptosis. Notably, there were certain bulky vacuoles and a number of pseudopodia from the cell membrane, suggesting potential activation of human monocyte cells. In addition, the expression levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‑1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α were also increased following treatment with Dex‑SPIONs. Simultaneously, the phosphorylation levels of mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase 1 and extracellular signal regulated kinase were markedly enhanced following nanoparticle exposure and MAPK inhibitors could abate the production of IL‑1β and TNF‑α. The results of the present study demonstrated that Dex‑SPIONs could activate human monocyte cells and that activation of MAPK pathway may be involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Miao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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22
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Shah A, Dobrovolskaia MA. Immunological effects of iron oxide nanoparticles and iron-based complex drug formulations: Therapeutic benefits, toxicity, mechanistic insights, and translational considerations. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:977-990. [PMID: 29409836 PMCID: PMC5899012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers several advantages for drug delivery. However, there is the need for addressing potential safety concerns regarding the adverse health effects of these unique materials. Some such effects may occur due to undesirable interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system, and they may include hypersensitivity reactions, immunosuppression, and immunostimulation. While strategies, models, and approaches for studying the immunological safety of various engineered nanoparticles, including metal oxides, have been covered in the current literature, little attention has been given to the interactions between iron oxide-based nanomaterials and various components of the immune system. Here we provide a comprehensive review of studies investigating the effects of iron oxides and iron-based nanoparticles on various types of immune cells, highlight current gaps in the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these materials, and propose a framework for capturing their immunotoxicity to streamline comparative studies between various types of iron-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD.
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23
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Anozie UC, Dalhaimer P. Molecular links among non-biodegradable nanoparticles, reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 122:65-73. [PMID: 28065863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For nanoparticles to be successful in combating diseases in the clinic in the 21st century and beyond, they must localize to target areas of the body and avoid damaging non-target, healthy tissues. Both soft and stiff, bio-degradable and non-biodegradable nanoparticles are anticipated to be used to this end. It has been shown that stiff, non-biodegradable nanoparticles cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and autophagy in a variety of cell lines in vitro. Both responses can lead to significant remodeling of the cytosol and even apoptosis. Thus these are crucial cellular functions to understand. Improved assays have uncovered crucial roles of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in both ROS generation and autophagy initiation after cells have internalized stiff, non-biodegradable nanoparticles over varying geometries in culture. Of particular - yet unresolved - interest is how these nanoparticles cause the activation of these pathways. This article reviews the most recent advances in nanoparticle generation of ROS and autophagy initiation with a focus on stiff, non-biodegradable technologies. We provide experimental guidelines to the reader for fleshing out the effects of their nanoparticles on the above pathways with the goal of tuning nanoparticle design.
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Park EJ, Chae JB, Lyu J, Yoon C, Kim S, Yeom C, Kim Y, Chang J. Ambient fine particulate matters induce cell death and inflammatory response by influencing mitochondria function in human corneal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:595-605. [PMID: 28915507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (AFP) is a main risk factor for the cornea as ultraviolet light. However, the mechanism of corneal damage following exposure to AFP has been poorly understood. In this study, we first confirmed that AFP can penetrate the cornea of mice, considering that two-dimensional cell culture systems are limited in reflecting the situation in vivo. Then, we investigated the toxic mechanism using human corneal epithelial (HCET) cells. At 24h after exposure, AFP located within the autophagosome-like vacuoles, and cell proliferation was clearly inhibited in all the tested concentration. Production of ROS and NO and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, conversion of LC3B from I-type to II-type and activation of caspase cascade which show autophagic- and apoptotic cell death, respectively, were observed in cells exposed to AFP. Furthermore, AFP decreased mitochondrial volume, inhibited ATP production, and altered the expression of metabolism-related genes. Taken together, we suggest that AFP induces cell death and inflammatory response by influencing mitochondrial function in HCET cells. In addition, we recommend that stringent air quality regulations are needed for eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Byoung Chae
- Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmook Lyu
- Department of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 126-16, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoo Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerak Chang
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Potential Toxicity and Underlying Mechanisms Associated with Pulmonary Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Conflicting Literature and Unclear Risk. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100307. [PMID: 28984829 PMCID: PMC5666472 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fine/micron-sized iron oxide particulates are incidentally released from a number of industrial processes, including iron ore mining, steel processing, welding, and pyrite production. Some research suggests that occupational exposure to these particulates is linked to an increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes, whereas other studies suggest that iron oxide is biologically benign. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which are less than 100 nm in diameter, have recently surged in use as components of novel drug delivery systems, unique imaging protocols, as environmental catalysts, and for incorporation into thermoplastics. However, the adverse outcomes associated with occupational exposure to IONPs remain relatively unknown. Relevant in vivo studies suggest that pulmonary exposure to IONPs may induce inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, genotoxicity, and extra-pulmonary effects. This correlates well with in vitro studies that utilize relevant dose, cell type(s), and meaningful end points. A majority of these adverse outcomes are attributed to increased oxidative stress, most likely caused by particle internalization, dissolution, release of free iron ions, and disruption of iron homeostasis. However, because the overall toxicity profile of IONPs is not well understood, it is difficult to set safe exposure limit recommendations that would be adequate for the protection of at-risk workers. This review article will focus on known risks following IONPs exposure supported by human, animal, and cell culture-based studies, the potential challenges intrinsic to IONPs toxicity assessment, and how these may contribute to the poorly characterized IONPs toxicity profile.
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26
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Lujan H, Sayes CM. Cytotoxicological pathways induced after nanoparticle exposure: studies of oxidative stress at the 'nano-bio' interface. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:580-594. [PMID: 30090527 PMCID: PMC6062389 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is advancing rapidly; many industries are utilizing nanomaterials because of their remarkable properties. As of 2017, over 1800 "nano-enabled products" (i.e. products that incorporate a nanomaterial feature and alter the product's performance) have been used to revolutionize pharmaceutical, transportation, and agriculture industries, just to name a few. As the number of nano-enabled products continues to increase, the risk of nanoparticle exposure to humans and the surrounding environment also increases. These exposures are usually classified as either intentional or unintentional. The increased rate of potential nanoparticle exposure to humans has required the field of 'nanotoxicology' to rapidly screen for key biological, biochemical, chemical, or physical signals, signatures, or markers associated with specific toxicological pathways of injury within in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models. One of the common goals of nanotoxicology research is to identify critical perturbed biological pathways that can lead to an adverse outcome. This review focuses on the most common toxicological pathways induced by nanoparticle exposure and provides insights into how these perturbations could aid in the development of nanomaterial specific adverse outcomes, inform nano-enabled product development, ensure safe manufacturing practices, promote intentional product use, and avoid environmental health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lujan
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , TX 76798-7266 , USA . ; ; Tel: +254-710-34769
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , TX 76798-7266 , USA . ; ; Tel: +254-710-34769
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27
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Nano-sized iron particles may induce multiple pathways of cell death following generation of mistranscripted RNA in human corneal epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:348-357. [PMID: 28483490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is closely associated with an ambient particulate matters-induced inflammatory response, and the cornea that covers the front of the eye, is among tissues exposed directly to ambient particulate matters. Prior to this study, we confirmed that nano-sized iron particles (FeNPs) can penetrate the cornea. Thus, we identified the toxic mechanism of FeNPs using human corneal epithelial cells. At 24h after exposure, FeNPs located inside autophagosome-like vacuoles or freely within human corneal epithelial cells. Level of inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide, cytokines, and a chemokine was notably elevated accompanied by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, cell proliferation dose-dependently decreased, and level of multiple pathways of cell death-related indicators was clearly altered following exposure to FeNPs. Furthermore, expression of gene encoding DNA binding protein inhibitor (1, 2, and 3), which are correlated to inhibition of the binding of mistranscripted RNA, was significantly down-regulated. More importantly, expression of p-Akt and caspase-3 and conversion to LC3B-II from LC3B-I was enhanced by pretreatment with a caspase-1 inhibitor. Taken together, we suggest that FeNPs may induce multiple pathways of cell death via generation of mistranscripted RNA, and these cell death pathways may influence by cross-talk. Furthermore, we propose the need of further study for the possibility of tumorigenesis following exposure to FeNPs.
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Tian F, Yu L, Zhai Q, Xiao Y, Shi Y, Jiang J, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. The therapeutic protection of a living and dead Lactobacillus strain against aluminum-induced brain and liver injuries in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175398. [PMID: 28388664 PMCID: PMC5384776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 had the ability to alleviate acute aluminum (Al) toxicity when the strain was introduced simultaneously with Al exposure. This research was designed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of living and dead L. plantarum CCFM639 against chronic Al toxicity and to gain insight into the protection modes of this strain. Animals were assigned into control, Al only, Al + living CCFM639, and Al + dead CCFM639 groups. The Al exposure model was established by drinking water for the first 4 weeks. The strain was given after Al exposure by oral gavage at 109 colony-forming units once per day for 12 weeks. The results show that the Al binding ability of dead CCFM639 was similar to that of living CCFM639 in vitro. The ingestion of living or dead CCFM639 has similar effects on levels of Al and trace element in tissues, but living strains led to more significant amelioration of oxidative stress and improvement of memory deficits in Al-exposed mice. In conclusion, in addition to intestinal Al sequestration, CCFM639 treatment offers direct protection against chronic Al toxicity by alleviation of oxidative stress. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 has a potential as dietary supplement ingredient that provides protection against Al-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Yu L, Zhai Q, Yin R, Li P, Tian F, Liu X, Zhao J, Gong J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 Alleviate Trace Element Imbalance-Related Oxidative Stress in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Aluminum Exposure Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:342-349. [PMID: 27627960 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has various adverse effects on health of humans and animals. The aim of present study was to demonstrate that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 can alleviate the adverse effects on liver and kidney of mice caused by chronic Al exposure. Animals were assigned into control, CCFM639 only, Al only, Al plus CCFM639, and Al plus deferiprone groups. The strain was given by oral gavage for 14 weeks, and Al was introduced via drinking water for the first 8 weeks. Analyses of Al and trace elements levels in feces, blood, and tissues were performed. The biochemical markers (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT, and MDA) of oxidative stress in livers and kidneys, as well as the levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and CRE in blood, were determined. Our results showed that L. plantarum CCFM639 can significantly reduce Al accumulation in tissues, regulate imbalance of trace elements, and thereby alleviate oxidative stress and pathological changes in hepatic and renal tissues. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 could alleviate Al-induced hepatic and renal injuries, and the possible mechanisms may involve in regulating the imbalance of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Ruijie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- UK-China Joint Centre on Probiotic Bacteria, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Design of magnetic gene complexes as effective and serum resistant gene delivery systems for mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Park EJ, Jeong U, Kim Y, Lee BS, Cho MH, Go YS. Deleterious effects in reproduction and developmental immunity elicited by pulmonary iron oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:503-513. [PMID: 27776739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the extensive application of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs), attention about their potential risks to human health is also rapidly raising, particularly in sensitive subgroups such as pregnant women and babies. In this study, we a single instilled intratracheally FeNPs (1, 2, and 4mg/kg) to the male and female parent mice, mated, then assessed reproductive toxicity according to the modified OECD TG 421. During the pre-mating period (14 days), two female parent mice died at 4mg/kg dose, and the body weight gain dose-dependently decreased in male and female parent mice exposed to FeNPs. Additionally, iron accumulation and the enhanced expression of MHC class II molecules were observed in the ovary and the testis of parent mice exposed to the highest dose of FeNPs, and the total sex ratio (male/female) of the offspring mice increased in the groups exposed to FeNPs. Following, we a single instilled intratracheally to their offspring mice with the same doses and evaluated the immunotoxic response on day 28. The increased mortality and significant hematological- and biochemical- changes were observed in offspring mice exposed at 4mg/kg dose, especially in female mice. More interestingly, balance of the immune response was shifted to a different direction in male and female offspring mice. Taken together, we conclude that the NOAEL for reproductive and developmental toxicity of FeNPs may be lower than 2mg/kg, and that female mice may show more sensitive response to FeNPs exposure than male mice. Furthermore, we suggest that further studies are necessary to identify causes of both the alteration in sex ratio of offspring mice and different immune response in male and female offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University, 685, Gasuwon-dong, Seo-Gu, Daejeon 302-718, South Korea.
| | - Uiseok Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, South Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - You-Seok Go
- Genome Application Division, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
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Evans SJ, Clift MJD, Singh N, de Oliveira Mallia J, Burgum M, Wills JW, Wilkinson TS, Jenkins GJS, Doak SH. Critical review of the current and future challenges associated with advanced in vitro systems towards the study of nanoparticle (secondary) genotoxicity. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:233-241. [PMID: 27815329 PMCID: PMC5180173 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the need to understand the potential biological impact of the plethora of nanoparticles (NPs) being manufactured for a wide range of potential human applications, due to their inevitable human exposure, research activities in the field of NP toxicology has grown exponentially over the last decade. Whilst such increased research efforts have elucidated an increasingly significant knowledge base pertaining to the potential human health hazard posed by NPs, understanding regarding the possibility for NPs to elicit genotoxicity is limited. In vivo models are unable to adequately discriminate between the specific modes of action associated with the onset of genotoxicity. Additionally, in line with the recent European directives, there is an inherent need to move away from invasive animal testing strategies. Thus, in vitro systems are an important tool for expanding our mechanistic insight into NP genotoxicity. Yet uncertainty remains concerning their validity and specificity for this purpose due to the unique challenges presented when correlating NP behaviour in vitro and in vivo This review therefore highlights the current state of the art in advanced in vitro systems and their specific advantages and disadvantages from a NP genotoxicity testing perspective. Key indicators will be given related to how these systems might be used or improved to enhance understanding of NP genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Neenu Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Jefferson de Oliveira Mallia
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Michael Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - John W Wills
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Thomas S Wilkinson
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, MRC CLIMB Centre, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science and Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK,
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33
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Chen S, Zhang J, Jiang S, Lin G, Luo B, Yao H, Lin Y, He C, Liu G, Lin Z. Self-Assembled Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoclusters for Universal Cell Labeling and MRI. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:263. [PMID: 27216601 PMCID: PMC4877342 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, especially as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cell labeling. In this study, SPIO nanoparticles were stabilized with amphiphilic low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) in an aqueous phase to form monodispersed nanocomposites with a controlled clustering structure. The iron-based nanoclusters with a size of 115.3 ± 40.23 nm showed excellent performance on cellular uptake and cell labeling in different types of cells, moreover, which could be tracked by MRI with high sensitivity. The SPIO nanoclusters presented negligible cytotoxicity in various types of cells as detected using MTS, LDH, and flow cytometry assays. Significantly, we found that ferritin protein played an essential role in protecting stress from SPIO nanoclusters. Taken together, the self-assembly of SPIO nanoclusters with good magnetic properties provides a safe and efficient method for universal cell labeling with noninvasive MRI monitoring capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, China
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhongning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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34
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Zheng W, Wei M, Li S, Le W. Nanomaterial-modulated autophagy: underlying mechanisms and functional consequences. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1417-30. [PMID: 27193191 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential lysosome-dependent process that controls the quality of the cytoplasm and maintains cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction of this protein degradation system is correlated with various disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that nanomaterials (NMs) have autophagy-modulating effects, thus predicting a valuable and promising application potential of NMs in the diagnosis and treatment of autophagy-related diseases. NMs exhibit unique physical, chemical and biofunctional properties, which may endow NMs with capabilities to modulate autophagy via various mechanisms. The present review highlights the impacts of various NMs on autophagy and their functional consequences. The possible underlying mechanisms for NM-modulated autophagy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wei
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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35
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Park EJ, Oh SY, Kim Y, Yoon C, Lee BS, Kim SD, Kim JS. Distribution and immunotoxicity by intravenous injection of iron nanoparticles in a murine model. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:414-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Myunggok Eye Research Institute; Konyang University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Seung Yun Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kwangwoon University; Seoul Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kwangwoon University; Seoul Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center; Korea Basic Science Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Center; Korea Institute of Toxicology; Daejeon Korea
| | - Sang Doo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Korea
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine; Dalhousie University; Halifax Canada
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36
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Lee KL, Shukla S, Wu M, Ayat NR, El Sanadi CE, Wen AM, Edelbrock JF, Pokorski JK, Commandeur U, Dubyak GR, Steinmetz NF. Stealth filaments: Polymer chain length and conformation affect the in vivo fate of PEGylated potato virus X. Acta Biomater 2015; 19:166-79. [PMID: 25769228 PMCID: PMC4411193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles hold great promise for delivering medical cargos to cancerous tissues to enhance contrast and sensitivity of imaging agents or to increase specificity and efficacy of therapeutics. A growing body of data suggests that nanoparticle shape, in combination with surface chemistry, affects their in vivo fates, with elongated filaments showing enhanced tumor targeting and tissue penetration, while promoting immune evasion. The synthesis of high aspect ratio filamentous materials at the nanoscale remains challenging using synthetic routes; therefore we turned toward nature's materials, developing and studying the filamentous structures formed by the plant virus potato virus X (PVX). We recently demonstrated that PVX shows enhanced tumor homing in various preclinical models. Like other nanoparticle systems, the proteinaceous platform is cleared from circulation and tissues by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). To increase bioavailability we set out to develop PEGylated stealth filaments and evaluate the effects of PEG chain length and conformation on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, as well as potential immune and inflammatory responses. We demonstrate that PEGylation effectively reduces immune recognition while increasing pharmacokinetic profiles. Stealth filaments show reduced interaction with cells of the MPS; the protein:polymer hybrids are cleared from the body tissues within hours to days indicating biodegradability and biocompatibility. Tissue compatibility is indicated with no apparent inflammatory signaling in vivo. Tailoring PEG chain length and conformation (brush vs. mushroom) allows tuning of the pharmacokinetics, yielding long-circulating stealth filaments for applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin L Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Mengzhi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Nadia R Ayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Caroline E El Sanadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - John F Edelbrock
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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37
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Couto D, Sousa R, Andrade L, Leander M, Lopez-Quintela MA, Rivas J, Freitas P, Lima M, Porto G, Porto B, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Polyacrylic acid coated and non-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are not genotoxic to human T lymphocytes. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:67-73. [PMID: 25683033 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes requires a clear favorable risk-benefit ratio. This work was performed with the aim of studying the ability of polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated and non-coated ION to induce genotoxicity in human T lymphocytes. For that purpose, their influence on cell cycle progression and on the induction of chromosome aberrations was evaluated. Blood samples collected from healthy human donors were exposed to PAA-coated and non-coated ION, at different concentrations, for 48h. The obtained results showed that, for all culture conditions, the tested ION are not genotoxic and do not influence the cell cycle arrest. Their possible cumulative effect with the iron-dependent genotoxic agent BLM was also evaluated. Blood samples collected from healthy human donors were exposed to ION, at different concentrations, for 48h, in the presence of a pre-determined toxic concentration of BLM. The obtained results showed that, for all culture conditions, the tested ION do not potentiate the clastogenic effects of BLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Couto
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Sousa
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Andrade
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Leander
- Service of Clinical Hematology, Santo António Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Arturo Lopez-Quintela
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Magnetism, Institute of Technological Research, IIT, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain
| | - José Rivas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lima
- Service of Clinical Hematology, Santo António Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Porto
- Service of Clinical Hematology, Santo António Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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38
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Zhang SM, Shang ZF, Zhou PK. Autophagy as the effector and player in DNA damage response of cells to genotoxicants. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview and discuss the molecular mechanism of DNA damage induced autophagy, and their mutual regulation and its role in cell fate determination in response to genotoxic effects of environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection
- Medical College of Soochow University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
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39
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Park EJ, Choi DH, Kim Y, Lee EW, Song J, Cho MH, Kim JH, Kim SW. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles induce autophagy preceding apoptosis through mitochondrial damage and ER stress in RAW264.7 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1402-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Park EJ, Lee GH, Shim JH, Cho MH, Lee BS, Kim YB, Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim DW. Comparison of the toxicity of aluminum oxide nanorods with different aspect ratio. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1771-82. [PMID: 25155191 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles are listed among 14 high-priority nanomaterials published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, but limited information is available on their potential hazards. In this study, we compared the toxicity of two different aluminum oxide nanorods (AlNRs) commercially available in vivo and in vitro. Considering aspect ratio, one was 6.2 ± 0.6 (long-AlNRs) and the other was 2.1 ± 0.4 (short-AlNRs). In mice, long-AlNRs induced longer and stronger inflammatory responses than short-AlNRs, and the degree reached the maximum on day 7 for both types and decreased with time. In addition, in vitro tests were performed on six cell lines derived from potential target organs for AlNPs, HEK-293 (kidney), HACAT (skin), Chang (liver), BEAS-2B (lung), T98G (brain), and H9C2 (heart), using MTT assay, ATP assay, LDH release, and xCELLigence system. Long-AlNRs generally produced stronger toxicity than short-AlNRs, and HEK-293 cells were the most sensitive for both AlNRs, followed by BEAS-2B cells, although results from 4 kinds of toxicity tests conflicted among the cell lines. Based on these results, we suggest that toxicity of AlNRs may be related to aspect ratio (and resultant surface area). Furthermore, novel in vitro toxicity testing methods are needed to resolve questionable results caused by the unique properties of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Shim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
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41
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Couto D, Freitas M, Porto G, Lopez-Quintela MA, Rivas J, Freitas P, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Polyacrylic acid-coated and non-coated iron oxide nanoparticles induce cytokine activation in human blood cells through TAK1, p38 MAPK and JNK pro-inflammatory pathways. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1759-69. [PMID: 25108419 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) can have a wide scope of applications in biomedicine, namely in magnetic resonance imaging, tissue repair, drug delivery, hyperthermia, transfection, tissue soldering, and as antimicrobial agents. The safety of these nanoparticles, however, is not completely established, namely concerning their effect on immune system and inflammatory pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated ION and non-coated ION on the production of six cytokines [interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)] by human peripheral blood cells, and to determine the inflammatory pathways involved in this production. The obtained results showed that PAA-coated and non-coated ION were able to induce all the tested cytokines and that activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-activated kinase (TAK1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were involved in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Couto
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Porto
- Service of Clinical Hematology, Santo António Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Arturo Lopez-Quintela
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Magnetism, Institute of Technological Research, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Rivas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Park EJ, Lee SY, Lee GH, Kim DW, Kim Y, Cho MH, Kim JH. Sheet-type titania, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanying apoptosis in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:69-79. [PMID: 25111187 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the toxic effects of sheet-type titania (TNS), which are being developed as a material for UV-blocking glass, comparing with P25, a benchmark control for titania, in MH-S cells, a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line. After 24 h exposure, the TNS-exposed cells formed large vacuoles while the P25-exposed ones did not. The decreased levels of cell viability were similar between the P25 and TNS groups, but ATP production was clearly lower in cells exposed to the TNS. P25 decreased the expression of calnexin protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane marker, and increased the number of cells generating ROS in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, TNS dilated the ER and mitochondria and increased the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not of ROS. Subsequently, we studied the molecular response following TNS-induced vacuolization. TNS started to form vacuoles in the cytosol since 20 min after exposure, and the expression of the mitochondria function-related genes were down-regulated the most in the cells exposed for 1 h. After 24 h exposure, the number of apoptotic cells and the relative levels of BAX to Bcl-2 increased. The expression of SOD1 protein, but not of SOD2, also dose-dependently increased with an increase in caspase-8 activity. Additionally, the MAPK pathway was significantly activated, even though the expression of p-EGFR did not change significantly. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells increased rapidly with time and with the inhibition of vacuole formation. Taken together, we suggest that P25 and TNS may target different organelles. In addition, TNS, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanied by apoptosis in MH-S cells, and the formation of the cytoplasmic vacuoles allowed delay apoptosis following TNS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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Autophagy as a Possible Underlying Mechanism of Nanomaterial Toxicity. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:548-582. [PMID: 28344236 PMCID: PMC5304698 DOI: 10.3390/nano4030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnologies is raising safety concerns because of the potential effects of engineered nanomaterials on human health, particularly at the respiratory level. Since the last decades, many in vivo studies have been interested in the pulmonary effects of different classes of nanomaterials. It has been shown that some of them can induce toxic effects, essentially depending on their physico-chemical characteristics, but other studies did not identify such effects. Inflammation and oxidative stress are currently the two main mechanisms described to explain the observed toxicity. However, the exact underlying mechanism(s) still remain(s) unknown and autophagy could represent an interesting candidate. Autophagy is a physiological process in which cytoplasmic components are digested via a lysosomal pathway. It has been shown that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis and the progression of human diseases, and is able to modulate the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses. A growing amount of literature suggests that a link between nanomaterial toxicity and autophagy impairment could exist. In this review, we will first summarize what is known about the respiratory effects of nanomaterials and we will then discuss the possible involvement of autophagy in this toxicity. This review should help understand why autophagy impairment could be taken as a promising candidate to fully understand nanomaterials toxicity.
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Peynshaert K, Manshian BB, Joris F, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Demeester J, Soenen SJ. Exploiting Intrinsic Nanoparticle Toxicity: The Pros and Cons of Nanoparticle-Induced Autophagy in Biomedical Research. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7581-609. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400372p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bella B. Manshian
- Biomedical
MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefaan J. Soenen
- Biomedical
MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Park EJ, Zahari NEM, Kang MS, Lee SJ, Lee K, Lee BS, Yoon C, Cho MH, Kim Y, Kim JH. Toxic response of HIPCO single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice and RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:167-77. [PMID: 24929217 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the toxic response of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (P-SWCNTs) synthesized by HIPCO method in mice and RAW264.7 cells, a murine peritoneal macrophage cell line. P-SWCNT contained a large amount of Fe ion (36 wt%). In the lungs of mice 24 h after intratracheal administration, P-SWCNTs increased the secretion of IL-6 and MCP-1, and the number of total cells, the portion of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, also significantly increased at a 100 μg/mL of concentration. In RAW264.7 cells, cell viability and ATP production decreased in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h after exposure, whereas the generations of ROS and NO were enhanced at all concentrations together with the activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the levels of both apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and ER stress-related proteins clearly increased, and the concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn ions, but not of Mn ions, increased in a dose-dependent manner. TEM images also revealed that P-SWCNTs induced the formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles, the dilatation of the ER, the generation of mitochondrial flocculent densities, and the separation of organelle by disappearance of the cell membrane. Taken together, we suggest that P-SWCNTs cause acute inflammatory response in the lungs of mice, and induce autophagy accompanied with apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, further study is required to elucidate how the physicochemical properties of SWCNTs determine the cell death pathway and an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nur Elida M Zahari
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang jin Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 126-16, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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46
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A 13-week repeated-dose oral toxicity and bioaccumulation of aluminum oxide nanoparticles in mice. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:371-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Familtseva A, Kalani A, Chaturvedi P, Tyagi N, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Mitochondrial mitophagy in mesenteric artery remodeling in hyperhomocysteinemia. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00283. [PMID: 24771691 PMCID: PMC4001876 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although high levels of homocysteine also termed as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease and mesenteric artery occlusion, the mitochondrial mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction that lead to mesenteric artery remodeling are largely unknown. We hypothesize that in HHcy there is increased mitochondrial fission due to altered Mfn‐2/Drp‐1 ratio, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and collagen deposition in the mesenteric artery inducing vascular remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we used four groups of mice: (i) WT (C57BL/6J); (ii) mice with HHcy (CBS+/−); (iii) oxidative stress resistant mice (C3H) and (iv) mice with HHcy and oxidative stress resistance (CBS+/−/C3H). For mitochondrial dynamics, we studied the expression of Mfn‐2 which is a mitochondrial fusion protein and Drp‐1 which is a mitochondrial fission protein by western blots, real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. We also examined oxidative stress markers, endothelial cell, and gap junction proteins that play an important role in endothelial dysfunction. Our data showed increase in oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission (Drp‐1), and collagen deposition in CBS+/− compared to WT and C3H mice. We also observed significant down regulation of Mfn‐2 (mitochondrial fusion marker), CD31, eNOS and connexin 40 (gap junction protein) in CBS+/− mice as compared to WT and C3H mice. In conclusion, our data suggested that HHcy increased mitochondrial fission (i.e., decreased Mfn‐2/Drp‐1 ratio, causing mitophagy) that leads to endothelial cell damage and collagen deposition in the mesenteric artery. This is a novel report on the role of mitochondrial dynamics alteration defining mesenteric artery remodeling. e00283 This article is a novel report on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in mesenteric artery remodeling during hyperhomocysteinemia. The study can contribute significantly toward understanding the mesenteric mitochondrial mechanisms underpinning inflammatory bowel disease – a major clinical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Familtseva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, Kentucky
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48
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Magnetite- and maghemite-induced different toxicity in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1607-18. [PMID: 24525745 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of nanoparticles and biological systems are important factors affecting the biological response following nanoparticle exposure. Iron oxide nanoparticles are classified mainly as magnetite (M-FeNPs) and maghemite (NM-FeNPs). In our previous study, NM-FeNPs induced autophagic cell death in RAW264.7, a murine peritoneal macrophage cell line, which has excellent lysosomal activity. In this study, we compared the toxicity of M-FeNPs and NM-FeNPs in MH-S, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, which has relatively low lysosomal activity. At 24 h post-exposure, M-FeNPs decreased cell viability and ATP production, and elevated the levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines to a higher extent than NM-FeNPs. Damage of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and the down-regulation of mitochondrial function and transcription-related genes were also higher in cells exposed to M-FeNPs than in cells exposed to NM-FeNPs (50 μg/ml). In addition, cells exposed to M-FeNPs (50 μg/ml) showed an increase in the number of autophagosome-like vacuoles, whereas cells exposed to NM-FeNPs formed large vacuoles in the cytosol. However, an autophagy-related molecular response was not induced by exposure to either FeNPs, unlike the results seen in our previous study with RAW264.7 cells. We suggest that M-FeNPs induced higher toxicity compared to NM-FeNPs in MH-S cells, and lysosomal activity plays an important role in determining cell death pathway.
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49
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Hussain S, Garantziotis S, Rodrigues-Lima F, Dupret JM, Baeza-Squiban A, Boland S. Intracellular signal modulation by nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:111-34. [PMID: 24683030 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems and the resulting activation of signal transduction pathways is essential for the development of safe and consumer friendly nanotechnology. Here we present an overview of signaling pathways induced by nanomaterial exposures and describe the possible correlation of their physicochemical characteristics with biological outcomes. In addition to the hierarchical oxidative stress model and a review of the intrinsic and cell-mediated mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capacities of nanomaterials, we also discuss other oxidative stress dependent and independent cellular signaling pathways. Induction of the inflammasome, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are reviewed. Furthermore, the uptake mechanisms can be of crucial importance for the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and membrane-dependent signaling pathways have also been shown to be responsible for cellular effects of nanomaterials. Epigenetic regulation by nanomaterials, effects of nanoparticle-protein interactions on cell signaling pathways, and the induction of various cell death modalities by nanomaterials are described. We describe the common trigger mechanisms shared by various nanomaterials to induce cell death pathways and describe the interplay of different modalities in orchestrating the final outcome after nanomaterial exposures. A better understanding of signal modulations induced by nanomaterials is not only essential for the synthesis and design of safer nanomaterials but will also help to discover potential nanomedical applications of these materials. Several biomedical applications based on the different signaling pathways induced by nanomaterials are already proposed and will certainly gain a great deal of attraction in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA,
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