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Hajir S, Al Aaraj L, Zgheib N, Badr K, Ismaeel H, Abchee A, Tamim H, Saliba NA. The association of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with obstructive coronary artery disease: A red alert for action. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115967. [PMID: 33176945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Lebanon, previous studies have indicated an onset of cardiovascular diseases 12 years earlier than in other parts of the world, suggesting the presence of additional risk factors specific to Lebanon. Measurements of airborne particles in Lebanon surpass the recommendations of the World Health Organization by over 150%. This study examined the association between obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), assessed by a novel marker calculated from coronary catheterization, and markers of air pollution, specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in a cohort of 258 patients seen at the American University of Beirut Medical Center since 2014. The concentrations of four types of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OHPAHs), 2-OHNAP, 2-OHFLU, 3-OHPHE, and 1-OHPYR, were measured in the urine samples of these patients using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector. Results showed that the OHPAH concentrations were higher than what was reported in high-income countries and, most notably, the levels for non-smokers in this study were higher than those of smokers and some occupational workers in other countries. This implies that patients were exposed to high levels of PAHs, which originate from combustion sources. In particular, 1-OHPYR showed a significant association with presence of obstructive CAD, even after adjusting for covariates like age, sex, and diabetes. Smokers or not, this association has implications for public health and calls for urgent need to pass regulations to reduce the emissions of PAH sources, such as cars, diesel generators, and incinerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Hajir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Lamis Al Aaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Kamal Badr
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hussain Ismaeel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Antoine Abchee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hani Tamim
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Najat A Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Orru H, Viitak A, Herodes K, Veber T, Lukk M. Human Biomonitoring in the Oil Shale Industry Area in Estonia-Overview of Earlier Programmes and Future Perspectives. Front Public Health 2020; 8:582114. [PMID: 33282816 PMCID: PMC7689261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.582114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ida-Viru County, in Eastern Estonia, features industrially contaminated sites–where oil shale has been mined and used for electricity generation, and shale oil extraction. Higher prevalence of respiratory and cardiovascular disease has been found in the region due to high quantities of air pollution. Within the framework of “Studies of the health impact of the oil shale sector—SOHOS,” this analysis aimed to map earlier human biomonitoring (HBM) studies and identify the suitable biomarkers for upcoming HBM in Estonia. Altogether, three studies have been conducted among residents: first, among adults in the 1980's; second, among children in the 1990's; and third, among employees, with a focus on workers and miners in the oil shale chemistry industry in the late 1990's and 2000's. In some of those studies, increased levels of biomarkers in blood and urine (heavy metals, 1-OHP) have appeared; nevertheless, in last 20 years, there has been no population-wide HBM in Estonia. According to air pollution monitoring and emission analysis, the pollutants of concern are benzene, PM10, PM2.5, and PAHs. In general, there is a decreasing trend in air pollutant levels, with the exception of a slight increase in 2018. One of the aims of HBM is to be analyzed if this trend can be identified in HBM, using similar biomarkers as applied earlier. The future perspective HBM could be divided into two Tiers. Tier 1 should focus on exposure biomarkers as heavy metals, PAH, and BTEX metabolites and Tier 2, in later stage, on effect biomarkers as Ox LDL, TBARS, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Orru
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Viitak
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Veber
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Puttaswamy N, Saidam S, Rajendran G, Arumugam K, Gupton S, Williams EW, Johnson CL, Panuwet P, Rajkumar S, Clark ML, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Balakrishnan K, Barr DB. Cross-validation of biomonitoring methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in human urine: Results from the formative phase of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in India. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1154:122284. [PMID: 32755815 PMCID: PMC7501734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial is evaluating health benefits of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention in biomass cook-fuel using homes (n = 3200) in four low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) that include Peru, Guatemala, Rwanda and India. Longitudinal urine samples (n = 6000) collected from enrolled pregnant women, infants and older women will be analyzed for biomarkers associated with exposure and health outcomes. We report results from cross-validation of a lower cost high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method with a higher resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the measurement of 1-hydroxypyrene (1PYR) and 2-naphthol (2NAP). Twenty-five split urine samples were analyzed by HPLC-FLD method at the India trial site in Chennai, India and by LC-MSMS method at the trial wide Biomarker Coordinating Center, Emory University, USA. The limits of detection (LOD) for the HPLC-FLD method were 0.02 ng/mL and 0.07 ng/mL for 2NAP and 1PYR, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis estimated a bias of 2.98 ng/ml for 2NAP (95% CI: -5.22, -0.75) and 0.09 ng/mL for 1PYR (95% CI: -0.02, 0.21) with HPLC-FLD levels being lower than LC-MSMS levels at higher concentrations. Analyses of additional urine samples (n = 119) collected during the formative phase of the HAPIN trial in India, showed 2NAP and 1PYR levels to be consistently above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and demonstrated the applicability of the method. The HPLC-FLD method can serve as a cost-effective and reliable analytical method to measure 2NAP and 1PYR in human urine in LMICs, within and beyond the HAPIN trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Puttaswamy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Sudhakar Saidam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Gayathri Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Kokila Arumugam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Savannah Gupton
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin W Williams
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cierra L Johnson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Jiang J, Ip HSS, Zhou J, Guan Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Garrotto N, Lu Y, DeGuzman J, She J. Supported-liquid phase extraction in combination with isotope-dilution gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:304-311. [PMID: 30802744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with a number of them being carcinogenic. One of the approaches to assess human exposure to PAHs is to measure their urinary metabolites, monohydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), with a method allowing for high throughput and short turn-around time. We developed a method to quantify nine urinary OH-PAHs by using supported liquid phase extraction (SLE) and isotope dilution gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). SLE demonstrated advantages over the traditionally used liquid-liquid extraction techniques. The target analytes with spiked deuterated and 13C-labeled internal standards were extracted from urine by SLE after enzymatic cleavage of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The extracted analytes were then derivatized with N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Six solvent mixtures were evaluated as the SLE extraction solvent, and pentane:chloroform (7:3, v/v) was selected due to its best overall analytical performance. Method detection limits for the 9 analytes ranged from 2.3 to 13.8 pg/mL. Precision and accuracy were satisfactory. SLE and internal isotope labeled standard combination reduced matrix effect effectively. This new method using SLE sample preparation techniques coupled with GC-MS/MS proves applicable to urinary measurements for PAH exposure studies for general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA; Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Junqiang Zhou
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Yufeng Guan
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Natalia Garrotto
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Yifu Lu
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
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5
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Validation of analytical methods for chlordecone and its metabolites in the urine and feces of ewes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1093-1094:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Direct analysis of benzo[ a ]pyrene metabolites with strong overlapping in both the spectral and lifetime domains. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Quantification of monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine samples using solid-phase microextraction coupled with glass-capillary nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 973:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Serrano M, Bartolomé M, Bravo JC, Paniagua G, Gañan J, Gallego-Picó A, Garcinuño RM. On-line flow injection molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for the preconcentration and determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine samples. Talanta 2017; 166:375-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Room temperature fluorescence spectroscopy of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites on octadecyl extraction membranes. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Hu H, Liu B, Yang J, Lin Z, Gan W. Sensitive determination of trace urinary 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene using ionic liquids-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by chemical derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:200-6. [PMID: 27294533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP) is widely used as a biomarker for assessing carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene exposure risks. However, monitoring urinary 3-OHBaP suffers from an insufficient sensitivity due to the pg/mL level in urine excretion. In this study, a sensitive method for determination trace urinary 3-OHBaP was developed, involving enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, ionic liquids dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) enrichment, derivatization with dansyl chloride and HPLC-HRMS/MS analysis in the positive ion mode. Using IL-DLLME makes the enrichment of trace 3-OHBaP very simple, time-saving, efficiency and environmentally-friendly. To enhanced HPLC-HRMS/MS response, an MS-friendly dansyl group was introduced to increase the ionization and fragmentation efficiency. The optimal IL-DLLME extraction parameters and derivatization reaction conditions were investigated. Good linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 0.6-50.0pg/mL with correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.9918. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.2pg/mL and 0.58pg/mL, respectively. The recoveries were 92.0±4.2% with the intra-day and inter-day RSD values ranged from 2.2% to 3.8% and from 3.3% to 6.8%, respectively. The proposed IL-DLLME-Dansylation-HPLC-HRMS/MS method was successfully applied to determine urinary 3-OHBaP of non-occupational exposed smokers and nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Baizhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke Research of China National Tobacco Corporation, Shanghai 200082, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zuomin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Wuer Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Ren L, Fang J, Liu G, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Liu H, Lin K, Zhang H, Lu S. Simultaneous determination of urinary parabens, bisphenol A, triclosan, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2621-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Serrano M, Bartolomé M, Gallego-Picó A, Garcinuño R, Bravo J, Fernández P. Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the isolation of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine. Talanta 2015; 143:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gupta MK, Jain R, Singh P, Ch R, Mudiam MKR. Determination of Urinary PAH Metabolites Using DLLME Hyphenated to Injector Port Silylation and GC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2015; 39:365-73. [PMID: 25845603 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and well-known carcinogens. Hydroxy derivatives of PAH are considered as biomarkers of PAH exposure, and there is a need to measure these metabolites at low concentrations. So, a precise and eco-friendly analytical method has been developed for rapid determination of PAH metabolites. For the first time, a new analytical method based on coupling of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with auto-injector port silylation (auto-IPS) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) analysis is reported for the analysis of seven urinary PAH metabolites. Factors affecting DLLME and IPS, such as type and volume of extraction and disperser solvent, pH, ionic strength, injector port temperature, volume of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and type of solvent were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 1-9 and 3-29 ng/mL, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries of metabolites in urine samples in the range of 87-95% were found. The developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of PAH metabolites in urine samples of exposed workers. DLLME-auto-IPS-GC-MS-MS method is time, labor, solvent and reagent saving, which can be routinely used for the analysis of urinary PAH metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajeev Jain
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ratnasekhar Ch
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), PO Box 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Wang Y, Fan R, Dong Y, Zhang W, Sheng G, Fu J. Urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children living in city and rural residences in Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2973-2981. [PMID: 25189845 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.927532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 3-hydroxybenz[a]pyrene concentrations in 179 randomly selected voluntary students were determined in the Southern China, aged 14-16 and living in four areas with different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, water and ambient air. The excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene is significantly higher in students of the urban than in students of the rural, while there are no significant differences of urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene between urban and rural children. Mean concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene (0.54-0.80 μmol/mol creatinine) in the study are much higher than those in the children of Denmark, Germany, Spain, USA, Korea, Japan and Taiwan, and a little higher than those in the children of Ukraine and Thailand. Urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene concentrations in the study are a little higher than those in the children of USA, and similar to that in non-occupational exposure residences in Korea. Urinary 9-hydroxyphenanthrene concentrations in China are much higher than those in the children of USA. Differences between children with smoking parents and non-smoking parents are not significant in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- a Electric Power Test Research Institute , Guangdong Power Grid Company , Guangzhou 510080 , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Fan R, Sheng G, Fu J. Biological monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in subjects living in the area of recycling electronic garbage, in Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:9161-9168. [PMID: 24798917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to evaluate the environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in subjects living in the area of recycling electronic garbage in Southern China and research the influence of environment smoke tobacco (EST) to people through active and passive smoking. Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene were determined in 141 randomly selected voluntary residents aged 13 to 81 years in two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-exposed groups, two control groups, and an EST research group. The concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene in PAH-exposed groups are significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control groups. Mean value of 1-hydroxypyrene in the residents living in the area of recycling electronic garbage (1.1 μmol/mol creatinine) is a little higher than those of iron foundry workers, automobile repair workers, and firefighters. Mean value of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (11.3 μmol/mol creatinine) is much higher than that of shipyard and aircraft maintenance and much lower than some occupational exposure, such as coking batteries, sorting department, and distillation department in coking plant. Some metabolites of PAHs (PAHm) are significantly elevated through active and passive smoking, while the influence of EST to other PAHm is not statistically significant. 2-Hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene in the urine of smokers are, respectively, 3.9, 1.9, 1.4, and 1.9 times to those of nonsmokers. In nonsmokers, passive smokers excreted 1.1, 1.5, 1.9, and 1.5 times of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydoxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene compared to nonpassive smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Electric Power Test Research Institute, Guangdong Power Grid Company, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China,
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Lourenço D, Silva LJG, Lino CM, Morais S, Pena A. SPE-LC-FD determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon monohydroxy derivatives in cephalopods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2685-2691. [PMID: 24588515 DOI: 10.1021/jf4056852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical methodology, based on liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD), after extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and solid-phase extraction (SPE) through Oasis HLB cartridges, was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of three monohydroxy derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The optimized analytical method is sensitive, accurate, and precise, with recoveries between 62 and 110% and limits of detection of 227, 9, and 45 ng/g for 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 1-hydroxypyrene, respectively. Their levels were estimated in different cephalopod matrices (edible tissues and hemolymph). The methodology was applied to samples of the major cephalopod species consumed worldwide. Of the 18 samples analyzed, 39% were contaminated with 1-hydroxynaphthalene, which was the only PAH metabolite detected. Its concentration ranged from 786 to 1145 ng/g. This highly sensitive and specific method allows the identification and quantitation of PAH metabolites in forthcoming food safety and environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lourenço
- Group of Health Surveillance, Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra , Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Calimag-Williams K, Knobel G, Goicoechea H, Campiglia A. Achieving second order advantage with multi-way partial least squares and residual bi-linearization with total synchronous fluorescence data of monohydroxy–polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 811:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shuangjie X, He X, Jianshe L. An Immunosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of 1-Pyrenebutyric Acid with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance Based on a Graphene-Ionic Liquid Doped Chitosan Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu S, Fan R, Yu Z, Sheng G, Fu J. AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.619041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyou Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
- b Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- c South China Normal University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiamo Fu
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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Goicoechea HC, Calimag-Williams K, Campiglia AD. Multi-way partial least-squares and residual bi-linearization for the direct determination of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on octadecyl membranes via room-temperature fluorescence excitation emission matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 717:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Knobel G, Calimag-Williams K, Campiglia AD. Solid-phase extraction, sample stacking and capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites. Analyst 2012; 137:5639-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Calimag-Williams K, Goicoechea HC, Campiglia AD. Room-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy of monohydroxy metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on octadecyl extraction membranes. Talanta 2011; 85:1805-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guiavarc'h YP, Chahin A, Dziurla MA, Yen FT, Jondreville C, Rychen G. EROD activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and milk as biomarkers of PAH exposure in dairy ruminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:1346-1353. [PMID: 21351293 DOI: 10.1002/etc.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Presently, few biomarker-based approaches are available for the evaluation of environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants in dairy ruminants. In this study, goats (Capra hircus) were orally administered a mixture of pyrene, phenanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene daily over a 40-d period (1 or 50 mg/d). Milk and urine 1-hydroxypyrene levels, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as well as urinary levels of 2- and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were determined at 10-d intervals. 1-Hydroxypyrene excretion in milk and urine significantly increased and then achieved a plateau at 10 d. Transfer rates of 1-hydroxypyrene were calculated to be approximately 0.5 and 25% in milk and urine, respectively. Concentrations in milk and urine were proportional to the ingested doses. These results demonstrate that 1-hydroxypyrene in milk or urine may be used as a biomarker for evaluating the exposure of dairy ruminants to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over an extended exposure period. Constitutive EROD activity in lymphocytes was 0.5 ± 0.3 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein, and was significantly induced over the entire exposure time, before stabilizing after 40 d at 6.30 ± 1.3 and 18.89 ± 1.12 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein for 1 mg/d and 50 mg/d doses, respectively. Induction kinetics were calculated using a logistic-like model and approximate dose-response curves were designed. We therefore propose EROD activity in PBL as a relevant, convenient, and noninvasive biomarker of subchronic exposure of dairy ruminants to CYP450 inducing PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann P Guiavarc'h
- Research Unit on Animal and Functionality of Animal Products, Nancy University-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Han X, Zhou N, Cui Z, Ma M, Li L, Cai M, Li Y, Lin H, Li Y, Ao L, Liu J, Cao J. Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and sperm DNA damage: a population study in Chongqing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:652-7. [PMID: 21147605 PMCID: PMC3094416 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of the most ubiquitous environmental contaminants, may reduce male reproductive functions, but the data from human population studies are very limited. OBJECTIVES We designed this study to determine whether environmental exposure to PAHs contributes to the alteration in semen quality, sperm DNA damage, and apoptosis in the general male human population. METHODS We measured urinary levels of four PAH metabolites and assessed semen quality, sperm apoptotic markers with Annexin V assay, and sperm DNA damage with comet assay in 232 men from Chongqing, China. RESULTS We found that increased urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNa) levels were associated with increased comet parameters, including the percentage of DNA in the tail (tail%) [β coefficient = 13.26% per log unit 2-OHNa (micrograms per gram creatinine); 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.97-18.55]; tail length (12.25; 95% CI, 0.01-24.52), and tail distribution (7.55; 95% CI, 1.28-18.83). The urinary level of 1-hydroxypyrene was associated only with increased tail% (5.32; 95% CI, 0.47-10.17). Additionally, the increased levels of four urinary PAH metabolites were significantly associated with decreased vital Annexin V negative sperm counts. However, there was no significant association between urinary PAH metabolite levels and human semen parameters or morphology of the sperm samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the environmental level of PAH exposure is associated with increased sperm DNA damage but not with semen quality. These findings suggest that exposure to PAHs may disrupt sperm DNA and thereby interfere with human male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niya Zhou
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Cui
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfu Ma
- Chongqing Family Planning Research Institute, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianbing Li
- Chongqing Family Planning Research Institute, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Cai
- Chongqing Family Planning Research Institute, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ao
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Address correspondence to J. Cao, Department of Hygiene Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400038. Telephone: 86 023 68752271. Fax: 86 023 68752276. E-mail: /
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Wang H, Knobel G, Wilson WB, Calimag-Williams K, Campiglia AD. Gold nanoparticles deposited capillaries for in-capillary microextraction capillary zone electrophoresis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:720-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Barbeau D, Maître A, Marques M. Highly sensitive routine method for urinary 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene quantitation using liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection and automated off-line solid phase extraction. Analyst 2011; 136:1183-91. [PMID: 21264439 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many workers and also the general population are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was recently classified as carcinogenic for humans (group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Biomonitoring of PAHs exposure is usually performed by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) analysis. 1-OHP is a metabolite of pyrene, a non-carcinogenic PAH. In this work, we developed a very simple but highly sensitive analytical method of quantifying one urinary metabolite of BaP, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), to evaluate carcinogenic PAHs exposure. After hydrolysis of 10 mL urine for two hours and concentration by automated off-line solid phase extraction, the sample was injected in a column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection system. The limit of quantification was 0.2 pmol L(-1) (0.05 ng L(-1)) and the limit of detection was estimated at 0.07 pmol L(-1) (0.02 ng L(-1)). Linearity was established for 3-OHBaP concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 74.5 pmol L(-1) (0.1 to 20 ng L(-1)). Relative within-day standard deviation was less than 3% and relative between-day standard deviation was less than 4%. In non-occupationally exposed subjects, median concentrations for smokers compared with non-smokers were 3.5 times higher for 1-OHP (p<0.001) and 2 times higher for 3-OHBaP (p<0.05). The two urinary biomarkers were correlated in smokers (ρ=0.636; p<0.05; n=10) but not in non-smokers (ρ=0.09; p>0.05; n=21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Barbeau
- Equipe EPSP, Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations-Laboratoire TIMC (UMR CNRS 5525), Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38700 La Tronche, France
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A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of phenolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAH) in urine of non-smokers and smokers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:877-89. [PMID: 21046075 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are products of the incomplete combustion of organic materials and, therefore, occur ubiquitously in the environment and also in tobacco smoke. Since some PAH have been classified as carcinogens, it is important to have access to suitable analytical methods for biomarkers of exposure to this class of compounds. Past experience has shown that measuring a profile of PAH metabolites is more informative than metabolites of a single PAH. Assessment of environmental and smoking-related exposure levels requires analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, these methods should be fast enough to allow high throughput. With these pre-conditions in mind, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of phenolic metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene in urine of smokers and non-smokers. Sample work-up comprised enzymatic hydrolysis of urinary conjugates and solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges. The method showed good specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the intended purpose and was also sufficiently rapid with a sample throughput of about 350 per week. Application to urine samples of 100 smokers and 50 non-smokers showed significant differences between both groups for all measured PAH metabolites, and strong correlations with markers of daily smoke exposure in smoker urine. Urinary levels were in good agreement with previously reported data using different methodologies. In conclusion, the developed LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the quantification of phenolic PAH metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in smoker and non-smoker urine.
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Guiavarc’h YP, Chahin A, Dziurla MA, Toussaint H, Feidt C, Rychen G. Evaluation of small dairy ruminant exposure to polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons: A biomarker approach. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marie C, Bouchard M, Heredia-Ortiz R, Viau C, Maître A. A toxicokinetic study to elucidate 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene atypical urinary excretion profile following intravenous injection of benzo(a)pyrene in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:402-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhou J, Zhang XL, Liang GF. Exposure of university students to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured from urinary monohydroxy metabolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11741-009-0512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Using gold nanoparticles to improve the recovery and the limits of detection for the analysis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5793-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buratti M, Campo L, Fustinoni S, Cirla PE, Martinotti I, Cavallo D, Foa V. Urinary hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as biomarkers of exposure in asphalt workers. Biomarkers 2008; 12:221-39. [PMID: 17453738 DOI: 10.1080/13547500601100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumes and vapours released during laying of hot asphalt mix have been recognised as a major source of exposure for asphalt workers. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationships between inhalation exposure to asphalt emissions and urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt workers (AW, n=75) and in ground construction workers (CW, n=37). METHODS Total polyaromatic compounds (PAC) and 15 priority PAHs in inhaled air were measured by personal sampling. Hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) (2-naphthol, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 6-hydroxychrysene and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene) were determined in urine spot samples collected in three different times during the work week. RESULTS Median vapour-phase PAC (5.5 microg m(-3)), PAHs (<or=50 ng m(-3)) and OH-PAHs (0.08-1.11 microg l(-1)) were significantly higher in AW than in CW, except in the cases of air naphthalene and 2-naphthol. Airborne levels of particle-phase contaminants were similar in the two groups and much lower than vapour-phase levels; metabolites of particulate PAHs were never found in quantifiable amounts. An appreciable increase in OH-PAH levels during the work day and work week was found in AW; median levels for 2-hydroxyfluorene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene were, respectively, 0.29, 0.08 and 0.18 at baseline; 0.50, 0.18 and 0.29, pre-shift; 1.11, 0.44 and 0.44 microg l(-1), post-shift. Each OH-PAH exhibited a characteristic profile of increase, reflecting differences in half-lives of the parent compounds. In non-smoking subjects, positive correlations were found between vapour-phase PAC or PAHs and OH-PAHs both in pre- and post-shift samples (0.34 <or= r<or=69). Smokers exhibited 2-5-fold higher OH-PAHs than non-smokers, at any time and at both workplaces. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that OH-PAHs are useful biomarkers for monitoring exposure to asphalt emissions. The work-related exposure to PAC and PAHs was low in all AW, but urinary metabolites reflected exposure satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buratti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via S. Barnaba, Milan, Italy
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Vatsavai K, Goicoechea HC, Campiglia AD. Direct quantification of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in synthetic urine samples via solid-phase extraction–room-temperature fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2008; 376:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chahin A, Guiavarc'h YP, Dziurla MA, Toussaint H, Feidt C, Rychen G. 1-Hydroxypyrene in milk and urine as a bioindicator of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure of ruminants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1780-1786. [PMID: 18271539 DOI: 10.1021/jf072757g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-pyrene) is now largely considered to be a valuable biomarker of exposure of man and animals to pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, from a practical and agronomic standpoint, the question remains whether such biomarking capability still holds when 1-OH-pyrene is analyzed in milk produced by ruminants. To assess this hypothesis, four goats were daily submitted to three different amounts of pyrene oral ingestion, together with phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene (1, 7, and 49 mg/day during 1 week each). An HPLC-fluorometric analysis of 1-OH-pyrene in milk revealed a perfect correlation between pyrene doses and 1-OH-pyrene detected in milk, thus fully confirming the biomarking capability of 1-OH-pyrene and providing information on its transfer coefficient toward milk. Transfer equations such as the ones found in the present study could be used as a valuable and practical risk assessment tool in (i) the accurate monitoring of exposure of ruminants to pyrene and (ii) the evaluation of occupational and environmental exposure of ruminants to PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Chahin
- Research Unit on Animal and Functionality of Animal Products (UR AFPA), Nancy University--Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENSAIA, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Prakash C, Shaffer CL, Nedderman A. Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:340-69. [PMID: 17405144 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the dramatic increase in the number of new chemical entities (NCEs) arising from combinatorial chemistry and modern high-throughput bioassays, novel bioanalytical techniques are required for the rapid determination of the metabolic stability and metabolites of these NCEs. Knowledge of the metabolic site(s) of the NCEs in early drug discovery is essential for selecting compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic credentials and aiding medicinal chemists in modifying metabolic "soft spots". In development, elucidation of biotransformation pathways of a drug candidate by identifying its circulatory and excretory metabolites is vitally important to understand its physiological effects. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have played an invaluable role in the structural characterization and quantification of drug metabolites. Indeed, liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) MS has now become the most powerful tool for the rapid detection, structure elucidation, and quantification of drug-derived material within various biological fluids. Often, however, MS alone is insufficient to identify the exact position of oxidation, to differentiate isomers, or to provide the precise structure of unusual and/or unstable metabolites. In addition, an excess of endogenous material in biological samples often suppress the ionization of drug-related material complicating metabolite identification by MS. In these cases, multiple analytical and wet chemistry techniques, such as LC-NMR, enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical derivatization, and hydrogen/deuterium-exchange (H/D-exchange) combined with MS are used to characterize the novel and isomeric metabolites of drug candidates. This review describes sample preparation and introduction strategies to minimize ion suppression by biological matrices for metabolite identification studies, the application of various LC-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) techniques for the rapid quantification and identification of drug metabolites, and future trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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Farias PAM, Castro AA, Wagener ADLR, Bastos MB. Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry of 9‐Phenanthrol in the Presence of Copper at the Static Mercury Drop Electrode—Basis for Quantitative Determination of PAH Metabolite in Biological Materials. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600824714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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