1
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Gautam K, Anbumani S. Understudied and underestimated impacts of organic UV filters on terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176008. [PMID: 39236826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic UV filters (OUVFs) are vital components in various personal care products (PCPs) and commercial goods, with the annual consumption estimated at 10,000 tons. Consequently, the unavoidable use of OUVFs in PCPs and other unregulated commercial applications could present a considerable risk to human and environmental health. These chemical entities enter terrestrial ecosystems through wastewater discharge, agriculture, atmospheric deposition, and recreational activities. Compared to aqueous ecosystems, the effects of OUVFs on terrestrial environments should be more studied and potentially underestimated. The present review addresses the abovementioned gap by summarizing 189 studies conducted between 2006 and 2024, focusing on the analytical measures, occurrence, and ecotoxicological effects of OUVFs on terrestrial ecosystems. These studies underscore the harmful effects of certain OUVFs on the development, reproduction, and endocrine systems of terrestrial organisms, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive toxicological assessments to understand their impacts on non-target species in terrestrial ecosystems. Besides, by underscoring the ecological effects of OUVFs, this review aims to guide future research and inform regulatory measures to mitigate the risks posed by these widespread contaminants. Meanwhile, interdisciplinary research is essential, integrating environmental science, toxicology, ecology, and chemistry to tackle OUVF challenges in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Lai Y, Koelmel JP, Walker DI, Price EJ, Papazian S, Manz KE, Castilla-Fernández D, Bowden JA, Nikiforov V, David A, Bessonneau V, Amer B, Seethapathy S, Hu X, Lin EZ, Jbebli A, McNeil BR, Barupal D, Cerasa M, Xie H, Kalia V, Nandakumar R, Singh R, Tian Z, Gao P, Zhao Y, Froment J, Rostkowski P, Dubey S, Coufalíková K, Seličová H, Hecht H, Liu S, Udhani HH, Restituito S, Tchou-Wong KM, Lu K, Martin JW, Warth B, Godri Pollitt KJ, Klánová J, Fiehn O, Metz TO, Pennell KD, Jones DP, Miller GW. High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Human Exposomics: Expanding Chemical Space Coverage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12784-12822. [PMID: 38984754 PMCID: PMC11271014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In the modern "omics" era, measurement of the human exposome is a critical missing link between genetic drivers and disease outcomes. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), routinely used in proteomics and metabolomics, has emerged as a leading technology to broadly profile chemical exposure agents and related biomolecules for accurate mass measurement, high sensitivity, rapid data acquisition, and increased resolution of chemical space. Non-targeted approaches are increasingly accessible, supporting a shift from conventional hypothesis-driven, quantitation-centric targeted analyses toward data-driven, hypothesis-generating chemical exposome-wide profiling. However, HRMS-based exposomics encounters unique challenges. New analytical and computational infrastructures are needed to expand the analysis coverage through streamlined, scalable, and harmonized workflows and data pipelines that permit longitudinal chemical exposome tracking, retrospective validation, and multi-omics integration for meaningful health-oriented inferences. In this article, we survey the literature on state-of-the-art HRMS-based technologies, review current analytical workflows and informatic pipelines, and provide an up-to-date reference on exposomic approaches for chemists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, care providers, and stakeholders in health sciences and medicine. We propose efforts to benchmark fit-for-purpose platforms for expanding coverage of chemical space, including gas/liquid chromatography-HRMS (GC-HRMS and LC-HRMS), and discuss opportunities, challenges, and strategies to advance the burgeoning field of the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Lai
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Koelmel
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School
of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Elliott J. Price
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Papazian
- Department
of Environmental Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- National
Facility for Exposomics, Metabolomics Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Katherine E. Manz
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Delia Castilla-Fernández
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - John A. Bowden
- Center for
Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes,
Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement
et travail) − UMR_S, 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Bessonneau
- Univ Rennes,
Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement
et travail) − UMR_S, 1085 Rennes, France
| | - Bashar Amer
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | | | - Xin Hu
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Elizabeth Z. Lin
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School
of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Akrem Jbebli
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brooklynn R. McNeil
- Biomarkers
Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Marina Cerasa
- Institute
of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Italian National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Department
of Environmental Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vrinda Kalia
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers
Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Randolph Singh
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peng Gao
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- UPMC Hillman
Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
| | - Yujia Zhao
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Saurabh Dubey
- Biomarkers
Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Kateřina Coufalíková
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Seličová
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helge Hecht
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School
of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanisha H. Udhani
- Biomarkers
Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sophie Restituito
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global
Public Health, The University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Martin
- Department
of Environmental Science, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- National
Facility for Exposomics, Metabolomics Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krystal J. Godri Pollitt
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School
of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast
Metabolomics Center, University of California−Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kurt D. Pennell
- School
of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department
of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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3
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Hrabáková K, Hložek T, Bosáková Z, Tůma P. Hydrophobic eutectic solvents for surface water treatment with a focus on benzophenone type UV filters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116528. [PMID: 38820821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Effective removal of organic UV filters from aquatic environmental compartments and swimming waters is very important because these substances are hazardous to humans and wildlife at low concentrations and act as endocrine disruptors. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to determine the extraction efficiencies of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) for the selected UV filters based on benzophenone structure (benzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2´,4,4´-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2´-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 4-methacryloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone) from aqueous matrices. For this purpose, six HDESs based on dl-menthol in combination with caprylic, decanoic and lauric acid are prepared and compared with referent terpene solvents such as terpineol and linalool. The effect of various parameters such as HDES composition, volume ratio, frequency and shaking time are studied. The highest extraction efficiency is shown by HDES of menthol:caprylic acid (1:1) composition at the aqueous:organic phase volume ratio of 1:1, shaking frequency of 1500 rpm and shaking time of 15 min. The achieved extraction efficiencies are higher than 99.6 % for all benzophenones studied in the purification of stagnant pond water, swimming pool water and river water samples. After a simple and fast sample treatment, the residual levels of benzophenones in the waters are controlled by a newly developed sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method with LOQs in the range of 0.7 - 5.0 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hrabáková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 6, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hložek
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Ruská 87, Prague 10 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosáková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 6, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Tůma
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Ruská 87, Prague 10 100 00, Czech Republic.
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4
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Amankwah BK, Šauer P, Grabicová K, von der Ohe PC, Ayıkol NS, Kocour Kroupová H. Organic UV filters: Occurrence, risks and (anti-)progestogenic activities in samples from the Czech aquatic environment and their bioaccumulation in fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134338. [PMID: 38643577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence, environmental risks and contribution of organic UV filters to detected (anti-)progestogenic activities were examined in samples of wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents, various surface waters and fish from the Czech Republic. Of the 20 targeted UV filters, 15 were detected in the WWTP influent samples, 11 in the effluents, and 13 in the surface water samples. Benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, and phenyl benzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) were found in all water samples. Octocrylene, UV-327 and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor exceeded the risk quotient of 1 at some sites. In the anti-progestogenic CALUX assay, 10 out of the 20 targeted UV filters were active. Anti-progestogenic activities reaching up to 7.7 ng/L, 3.8 ng/L, and 4.5 ng/L mifepristone equivalents were detected in influents, effluents, and surface waters, respectively. UV filters were responsible for up to 37 % of anti-progestogenic activities in influents. Anti-progestogenic activities were also measured in fish tissues from the control pond and Podroužek (pond with the highest number of detected UV filters) and ranged from 2.2 to 9.5 and 1.9 to 8.6 ng/g dw mifepristone equivalents, respectively. However, only benzophenone was found in fish, but it does not display anti-progestogenic activity and thus could not explain the observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Kyei Amankwah
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Peter C von der Ohe
- UBA - German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, D-06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Nurhan Sultan Ayıkol
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Turkiye
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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5
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Sawant SS, Bharti VS, Shukla SP, Kumar K, Rathi Bhuvaneswari G. Evaluation of acute toxicity of an emerging contaminant Oxybenzone on an ecologically important aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104437. [PMID: 38609060 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxybenzone is an ultraviolet filter frequently used in Personal Care Products, plastics, furniture, etc. and is listed as an Emerging Contaminant. This report studied the acute toxicity of Oxybenzone to Lemna minor after exposure to graded concentrations of Oxybenzone for 7 days. IC50 for growth was found to be 8.53 mg L-1. The hormesis effect was reported at lower concentrations, while growth and pigments reduced from 2.5 to 12.5 mg L-1 in a concentration-related manner. The impact of Oxybenzone on protein and antioxidant enzymes- Catalase and Guaiacol Peroxidase revealed less stress up to 2.5 mg L-1 than control, increasing further from 5 to 10 mg L-1. Enzyme activity decreased over-time but always remained higher than control over a period of 7 days. Thus, our findings reveal that indiscriminate discharge of Oxybenzone could be potentially toxic to the aquatic primary producers at higher concentrations, causing an ecological imbalance in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamika Shantaram Sawant
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Vidya Shree Bharti
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Satya Prakash Shukla
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - G Rathi Bhuvaneswari
- Mariculture Division, Vizhinjam Research Center, ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695521, India
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6
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Akinboye AJ, Kim K, Park J, Kim YS, Lee JG. Contamination of ultraviolet absorbers in food: toxicity, analytical methods, occurrence and risk assessments. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1805-1824. [PMID: 38752111 PMCID: PMC11091012 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) absorbers are chemical substances that are widely used as defenses against the damaging effects of solar radiations. UV absorbers, despite their benefits, are categorized as emerging pollutants because they have been demonstrated to be mutagenic, toxic, pseudo-persistent, bio-accumulative, and to have strong estrogenic effects. Because of their common use in personal care products, they continue to enter the environment. Several food samples, particularly those derived from aquatic sources, have been found to be contaminated with these compounds. Toxic effects on aquatic life, such as metabolic imbalance and developmental toxicity, result from the continued presence of UV absorbers in aquatic bodies. In addition, the degree of exposure to these pollutants in foods should be examined because there are certain risks associated with their consumption by humans. Therefore, this review focuses on the toxicity, analytical techniques, occurrence, and risk assessments of UV absorbers found in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo J. Akinboye
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Kiyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Junhyeong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Women University, Seodammum-Gu, Seoul, 03760 Korea
| | - Joon-Goo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Korea
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7
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Hernández-Freyle C, Castilla-Acevedo SF, Harders AN, Acosta-Herazo R, Acuña-Bedoya JD, Santoso M, Torres-Ceron DA, Amaya-Roncancio S, Mueses MA, Machuca-Martínez F. Ultraviolet activation of monochloramine to treat contaminants of emerging concern: reactions, operating parameters, byproducts, and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40758-40777. [PMID: 38819507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The presence of CECs in aquatic systems has raised significant concern since they are potentially harmful to the environment and human health. Eliminating CECs has led to the development of alternatives to treat wastewater, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The ultraviolet-mediated activation of monochloramine (UV/NH2Cl) is a novel and relatively unexplored AOPs for treating pollutants in wastewater systems. This process involves the production of amino radicals (•NH2) and chlorine radicals (Cl•) from the UV irradiation of NH2Cl. Studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in mitigating various CECs, exhibiting advantages, such as the potential to control the amount of toxic disinfection byproducts (TDBPs) formed, low costs of reagents, and low energy consumption. However, the strong influence of operating parameters in the degradation efficiency and existence of NH2Cl, the lack of studies of its use in real matrices and techno-economic assessments, low selectivity, and prolonged treatment periods must be overcome to make this technology more competitive with more mature AOPs. This review article revisits the state-of-the-art of the UV/NH2Cl technology to eliminate pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), micropollutants from the food industry, pesticides, and industrial products in aqueous media. The reactions involved in the production of radicals and the influence of operating parameters are covered to understand the formation of TDBPs and the main challenges and limitations of the UV/NH2Cl to degrade CECs. This review article generates critical knowledge about the UV/NH2Cl process, expanding the horizon for a better application of this technology in treating water contaminated with CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernández-Freyle
- Natural and Exact Sciences Department, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55 - 66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Samir F Castilla-Acevedo
- Natural and Exact Sciences Department, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55 - 66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia.
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
| | - Abby N Harders
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Raúl Acosta-Herazo
- Photocatalysis and Solar Photoreactors Engineering, Modeling & Applications of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Zip code 1382 - Postal 195, Cartagena, Colombia
- Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico en Ingeniería Sostenible, Laboratorio de Simulación y Procesos - Simprolab, Turbaco, Colombia
| | - Jawer D Acuña-Bedoya
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad S/N. C. P., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Melvin Santoso
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Darwin A Torres-Ceron
- Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, 170003, Manizales, Colombia
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), 660003, Pereira, Colombia
- Gestión & Medio Ambiente, 170004, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Amaya-Roncancio
- Natural and Exact Sciences Department, Universidad de La Costa, Calle 58 #55 - 66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Miguel A Mueses
- Photocatalysis and Solar Photoreactors Engineering, Modeling & Applications of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Zip code 1382 - Postal 195, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Fiderman Machuca-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, CENM, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 #100-00, 76001 GAOX, Cali, Colombia
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8
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Choi S, Rahman RT, Kim BM, Kang J, Kim J, Shim J, Nam YS. Photochemically Inert Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen by Metal-Phenolic Network Coatings of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16767-16777. [PMID: 38512769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are extensively used as a sunscreen filter due to their long-active ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance. However, their practical use is being challenged by high photochemical activities and limited absorption spectrum. Current solutions include the coating of TiO2 with synthetic polymers and formulating a sunscreen product with additional organic UV filters. Unfortunately, these approaches are no longer considered effective because of recent environmental and public health issues. Herein, TiO2-metal-phenolic network hybrid nanoparticles (TiO2-MPN NPs) are developed as the sole active ingredient for sunscreen products through photochemical suppression and absorption spectrum widening. The MPNs are generated by the complexation of tannic acid with multivalent metal ions, forming a robust coating shell. The TiO2-MPN hybridization extends the absorption region to the high-energy-visible (HEV) light range via a new ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoexcitation pathway, boosting both the sun protection factor and ultraviolet-A protection factor about 4-fold. The TiO2-MPN NPs suppressed the photoinduced reactive oxygen species by 99.9% for 6 h under simulated solar irradiation. Accordingly, they substantially alleviated UV- and HEV-induced cytotoxicity of fibroblasts. This work outlines a new tactic for the eco-friendly and biocompatible design of sunscreen agents by selectively inhibiting the photocatalytic activities of semiconductor nanoparticles while broadening their optical spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saehan Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rafia Tasnim Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonga Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Shim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee WJ, Hwang JM, Jo JH, Jang SI, Jung EJ, Bae JW, Ha JJ, Kim DH, Kwon WS. Adverse Effects of Avobenzone on Boar Sperm Function: Disruption of Protein Kinase A Activity and Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108559. [PMID: 38378073 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Avobenzone (AVO), an ultraviolet (UV) filter, is frequently used as an ingredient in personal cosmetics. This UV filter has been found to be easily exposed in swimming pools and beaches, and it has been detected in human urine and blood. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that AVO exhibits endocrine-disrupting properties. Nevertheless, the effects of AVO on male fertility have not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of AVO on various sperm functions during capacitation. First, boar spermatozoa were treated with various AVO concentrations. After treatment, sperm motility and kinetic characteristics, capacitation status, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and sperm viability were evaluated. Moreover, Western blot analysis w.as conducted to evaluate protein kinase A (PKA) activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. As a result, AVO treatment significantly decreased total motility, progressive motility, and several kinetic characteristics at high concentrations (50 and 100 μM). Furthermore, the capacitation status dose-dependently decreased. Conversely, no significant differences in acrosome reaction, cell viability, and intracellular ATP levels were observed. However, the intracellular ATP level tended to decrease. In addition, AVO dose-dependently induced abnormal changes in PKA activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. Although AVO did not directly exert a toxic effect on cell viability, it ultimately negatively affected sperm functions through abnormal alterations in PKA activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, the potential implications on male fertility must be considered when contemplating the safe utilization of AVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ik Jang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Ha
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36052, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Sung Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jiang D, Yang G, Huang LJ, Chen K, Tang Y, Pi X, Yang R, Peng X, Cui C, Li N. Unveiling the toxic effects, physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in exposure to organic ultraviolet filters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133060. [PMID: 38016314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organic ultraviolet (UV) filters has raised concerns due to their potential adverse effects on environments. However, their toxic mechanisms on plants remain elusive. In this study, using integrative physiological and transcriptomic approaches we investigated the physiological and molecular responses to three representative UV filters, namely oxybenzone (OBZ), avobenzone (AVB), and octinoxate (OMC), in an agricultural model plant tobacco. The exposure to UV filters disrupts the functionality of photosystem reaction centers and the light-harvesting apparatus. Concurrently, UV filters exert a suppressive effect on the expression of genes encoding Rubisco and Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes, resulting in a decreased efficiency of the Calvin-Benson cycle and consequently hampering the process of photosynthesis. Exposure to UV filters leads to significant generation of reactive oxygen species within tobacco leaves and downregulation of oxidoreductase activities. Moreover, UV filters promote abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation by inducing the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes whereas repress indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis gene expression, which induce leaf yellowing and slow plant growth. In summary, the organic UV filters exert toxic effects on tobacco growth by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, and the Calvin-Benson cycle, while generating excessive reactive oxygen species. This study sheds light on the toxic and tolerance mechanisms of UV filters in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Guoqun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Kebin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Yangcan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Xin Pi
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Runke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Xia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Chuantong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
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11
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Moreira ALP, Souza JACR, de Souza JF, Mamede JPM, Farias D, Luchiari AC. Long-term effects of embryonic exposure to benzophenone-3 on neurotoxicity and behavior of adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168403. [PMID: 37939945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most widely used ultraviolet filter (UV filter) in industries to avoid UV radiation damage. BP-3 is added to most sunscreens to protect the skin, hair, and lips from sun rays. It results in continuous discharge into aquatic environments, leading to aquatic biota and human's continuous exposure. Consequences of BP-3 exposure on the physiology and behavior of aquatic animals, mainly zebrafish, have been investigated, including their neurotoxic effects. However, little is known about its consequences in long-term developmental endpoints. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of embryonic BP-3 exposure on biomarkers of neurotoxicity in zebrafish. For this, we exposed embryos to 5, 10, and 20 μg∙L-1 BP-3 concentration and let fish grow to adulthood (5mpf). We evaluated anxiety-like behavior, social preference, aggressiveness, and enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defenses system and neurotoxic biomarkers (Glutathione S-transferase -GST, catalase -CAT, and acetylcholinesterase -AChE) in adult zebrafish. Enzymatic activities were also investigated in larvae immediately after BP-3 exposure. Animals early exposed to BP-3 presented anxiety-like behaviors and decreased social preference, but aggressiveness was not altered. In general, exposure to BP-3 leads to altered enzymatic activity, which persists into adulthood. GST activity increased in embryos and adults, while CAT activity decreased in both life stages. AChE activity enhanced only at the larval stage (96 hpf). The long-term behavioral and biochemical effects of BP-3 highlight the need for abolishing or restricting the compound from personal care products, which are continually disposed into the environment and threaten the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Pires Moreira
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Costa Ribeiro Souza
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ferreira de Souza
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Medeiros Mamede
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies - LabRisk, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- FishLab, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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12
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Sun J, Lin H, Lu Y, Ruan Y, Lam JCH, Lam PKS, Wang T, Khim JS, He Y. Estimation of the riverine input of organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) from the Pearl River Estuary to the South China Sea during the early Covid-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168147. [PMID: 37898193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) are functional ingredients used in cosmetics to protect skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study presents recent findings on the distribution of OUVFs in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), located in southern China. This investigation was conducted during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic when the stay-at-home policy was implemented. Analysis revealed the presence of OUVFs in both the surface and bottom water samples collected from eight major outlets of the Pearl River. The OUVFs were detected in both the dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter, with a total concentration ranging from 7.19 ± 6.54 to 20.5 ± 9.62 ng/L. Notably, OUVFs' concentrations in the study period were significantly lower compared to those reported before the pandemic. This implies that effective reduction of OUVF emissions can be achieved through usage reduction combined with the management of direct discharge and appropriate treatment by urban wastewater treatment facilities. During the study period, the annual release of OUVFs was approximately 12.6 kg/1000 people/year, with the greatest contribution from the Hu Men outlet. Consequently, it is imperative to consider the potential ecological risks associated with the release of OUVFs from the PRE into the marine environment, particularly with the potential for an accompanying rebound in risk upon the lifting of restrictions on outdoor activities in the post Covid-19 time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Sun
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiju Lin
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yichun Lu
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C H Lam
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Science, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Menicagli V, Balestri E, Corti S, Arena B, Protano G, Corsi I, Lardicci C. Effects of TiO 2 ultraviolet filter and sunscreens on coastal dune plant performance and competitive interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140236. [PMID: 37739133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet filters (UVFs) added to sunscreens (SS) are emerging contaminants in marine environments due to their adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. UVFs have also been detected in beach-dune systems, but their influence on resident organisms has not been explored yet. Native plants are fundamental components of coastal dunes, and these ecologically/economically important systems are currently among the most threatened globally. Thus, understanding whether UVFs may act as threats to dune plants is crucial. This field study evaluated and compared the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), one of the inorganic UVFs most commonly added to sunscreens, and those of a commercial sunscreen product containing it (SS-nTiO2) on the performance of adult dune plants of a native (Thinopyrum junceum) and a non-native invasive species (Carpobrotus sp. pl.) and their competitive interactions at environmentally realistic concentrations. The effects of nTiO2, SS-nTiO2 and of a sunscreen product containing just organic UVFs (SS-OF) on early life stages of T. junceum were also examined. Ti bulk content in sand and plants at the study site ranged from 970 to 1069 mg kg-1 and from 2 to 7.9 mg kg-1, respectively. Thinopyrum junceum adult plants periodically exposed during the summer season to seawater contaminated by SS-nTiO2 produced less biomass than un-exposed plants and nTiO2 exposed plants. nTiO2 and SS-nTiO2 reduced the capacity of T. junceum to control the spread of Carpobrotus. Both SS-nTiO2 and SS-OF reduced seedling emergence in T. junceum whereas nTiO2 did not. These results demonstrated that the periodical exposures of native dune plants to sunscreens could reduce their establishment success and growth and favor invasive plant spread potentially resulting in community structure changes. They also emphasize the need to assess the phytotoxicity not only of single UVFs but especially that of complete sunscreen products to design more eco-friendly formulations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Corti
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benito Arena
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Protano
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Lardicci
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Reiter EB, Escher BI, Rojo-Nieto E, Nolte H, Siebert U, Jahnke A. Characterizing the marine mammal exposome by iceberg modeling, linking chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1802-1816. [PMID: 37132588 PMCID: PMC10647987 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00033h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study complements work on mixture effects measured with in vitro bioassays of passive equilibrium sampling extracts using the silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in organs from marine mammals with chemical profiling. Blubber, liver, kidney and brain tissues of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and orca (Orcinus orca) from the North and Baltic Seas were investigated. We analyzed 117 chemicals including legacy and emerging contaminants using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and quantified 70 of those chemicals in at least one sample. No systematic differences between the organs were found. Only for single compounds a clear distribution pattern was observed. For example, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, enzacamene and etofenprox were mainly detected in blubber, whereas tonalide and the hexachlorocyclohexanes were more often found in liver. Furthermore, we compared the chemical profiling with the bioanalytical results using an iceberg mixture model, evaluating how much of the biological effect could be explained by the analyzed chemicals. The mixture effect predicted from the quantified chemical concentrations explained 0.014-83% of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor activating effect (AhR-CALUX), but less than 0.13% for the activation of the oxidative stress response (AREc32) and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPARγ). The quantified chemicals also explained between 0.044-45% of the cytotoxic effect measured with the AhR-CALUX. The largest fraction of the observed effect was explained for the orca, which was the individuum with the highest chemical burden. This study underlines that chemical analysis and bioassays are complementary to comprehensively characterize the mixture exposome of marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva B Reiter
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Rojo-Nieto
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hannah Nolte
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstr. 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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15
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Mozas-Blanco S, Rodríguez-Gil JL, Kalman J, Quintana G, Díaz-Cruz MS, Rico A, López-Heras I, Martínez-Morcillo S, Motas M, Lertxundi U, Orive G, Santos O, Valcárcel Y. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in coastal waters of the Iberian Peninsula. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115644. [PMID: 37922592 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the presence of 21 UVFs and metabolites in coastal regions of the Iberian Peninsula, to evaluate their environmental risk, and identify possible influential factors affecting their measured concentrations. Sampling was carried out in spring and summer to assess possible seasonal variations. UVFs were detected in 43 of the 46 sampling sites. Only 5 were found above LOD: BP4, OC, BP3 and metabolites BP1 and BP8. Samples collected in Mar Menor had the greatest variety of compounds per sample and the highest cumulative concentrations. The risk was characterized using Risk Quotients (RQ). BP1 showed a Low environmental Risk in 2 sites while for OC the RQ indicated a Moderate Risk in 22 points. The variables that contribute most to the variation are population density, sampling season, whether it was an open bay or not, and level of urbanization. The presence of WWTPs had a lower influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mozas-Blanco
- Research Group on Human and Environmental Risk (RISAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Gil
- Research Group on Human and Environmental Risk (RISAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; IISD - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada.
| | - Judit Kalman
- Research Group on Human and Environmental Risk (RISAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Quintana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez-Morcillo
- Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Miguel Motas
- Department of Toxicology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academy, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Valcárcel
- Research Group on Human and Environmental Risk (RISAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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16
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González-Bareiro E, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, De la Fuente J, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Arbelo M, Fernández A, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Assessment of the presence of UV filters and UV stabilizers in stranded dolphin blubber. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165041. [PMID: 37356772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ultraviolet filters (UVFs) and stabilizers (UVSs) was evaluated for the first time in the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). UVFs and UVSs are compounds of growing concern because their effects on the environment are not completely known. UVFs and UVSs are added to personal care products (PCPs), such as cosmetics and products related to sun care and once released to the aquatic ecosystem, marine organisms can bioaccumulate these substances. This work aimed to determine the presence of 12 UVFs and UVSs in cetacean blubber samples to assess the pollution to which these animals of the highest trophic chain levels are exposed due to human activity. Analytical determinations were carried out using a method based on microwave-assisted extraction combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the target compounds in the blubber tissues of five necropsied common bottlenose dolphins. Three of the 12 studied compounds, namely 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylprop-2-enoate (octocrilene, OC), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (benzophenone 3, BP3) and 3-methylbutyl (E)-3-(4methoxyphenyl) prop-2-enoate (IMC), were detected in several samples. Of the identified compounds, OC was present in all the samples and at the highest concentration within the range from 52.61 ± 18.59 to 108.0 ± 11.32 ng·g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily González-Bareiro
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Jesús De la Fuente
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Centro Atlántico de Investigación de Cetáceos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Centro Atlántico de Investigación de Cetáceos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Centro Atlántico de Investigación de Cetáceos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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17
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Marcin S, Aleksander A. Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:649-667. [PMID: 37779587 PMCID: PMC10541396 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UV filters in environmental compartments are a source of concern related to their ecotoxicological effects. However, little is known about UV filters' toxicity, particularly those released into the environment as mixtures. Acute toxicity of nine organic UV filters benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor, octocrylene, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, homosalate, and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was determined. UV filter solutions were tested as single, binary, and ternary mixtures of various compositions. Single solutions were tested using a set of bio tests, including tests on saline crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna), marine bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri), and freshwater plants (Lemna minor). The tests represent different stages of the trophic chain, and hence their overall results could be used to risk assessment concerning various water reservoirs. The toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures was analyzed using the standardized Microtox® method. Generally, organic UV filters were classified as acutely toxic. Octocrylene was the most toxic for Arthemia franciscana (LC50 = 0.55 mg L-1) and Daphnia magna (EC50 = 2.66-3.67 mg L-1). The most toxic against freshwater plants were homosalate (IC50 = 1.46 mg L-1) and octocrylene (IC50 = 1.95 mg L-1). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EC50 = 1.38-2.16 mg L-1) was the most toxic for marine bacteria. The least toxic for crustaceans and plants were benzophenone-1 (EC50 = 6.15-46.78 mg L-1) and benzophenone-2 (EC50 = 14.15-54.30 mg L-1), while 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor was the least toxic for marine bacteria (EC50 = 12.97-15.44 mg L-1). Individual species differ in their sensitivity to the tested organic UV filters. An assessment of the toxicity of mixtures indicates high and acute toxicity to marine bacteria after exposition to a binary mixture of benzophenone-2 with octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, or homosalate. The toxicity of mixtures was lower than single solutions predicting antagonistic interaction between chemicals. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Stec Marcin
- Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 22a Arciszewskiego Str., 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Astel Aleksander
- Environmental Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 22a Arciszewskiego Str., 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
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18
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Yao Z, Li B, Li C. Distribution properties of ultraviolet absorbents in different species of biodegradable plastics. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1453-1459. [PMID: 36950979 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231159842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) in the environment have been of increasing concern because of their potential toxicity. However, data on UVAs in the biodegradable plastics are still limited. In this work, we determined the concentrations of 13 UVAs in 6 different types of biodegradable plastic products from Beijing, China, by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and found the total concentrations in the range of 37.21-1,138,526 ng g-1. These target UVAs, BP (benzophenone), BP-3, BP-12, UV-328, UV-234, UV-326, UV-329, UV-360 and UV-P are prevalent in the plastic bags, garbage bags, food packaging bags, plastic lunch boxes and tableware, product packing bags and mulch films, except for BP-1, UV-320, UV-327 and UV-PS. This finding showed that the total concentrations of the 13 UVAs in biodegradable mulch films (mean: 1,138,527 ng g-1) were several orders of magnitude higher than those in the other 5 categories of samples (mean: 37.21-186.9 ng g-1). And the UV-328 and BP-1 were the most important components of UVAs in the biodegradable mulch films, with the levels ranging of 726,568-1,062,687 ng g-1 and 317,470-506,178 ng g-1, respectively. As the majority of UVAs were detected in biodegradable plastics, the potential risk of UVAs exposure may exist in the environment with the large-scale use of biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingru Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Ren S, Jin X, Bekele TG, Lv M, Ding J, Tan F, Chen L. Development and application of diffusive gradients in thin films for in situ sampling of the organic UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) in waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92651-92661. [PMID: 37493909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), a typical organic UV filter (OUVF) in personal care products, is considered to be a potential endocrine disruptor due to its estrogenic activity and bioaccumulation. Although 4-MBC residues have been extensively identified in aquatic waters, little is known about their occurrence, levels, and potential risk in coastal waters. This study developed a reliable sampling approach, based on diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with XAD-2 as the binding agent, for monitoring 4-MBC in coastal waters. The diffusion coefficients of 4-MBC in freshwater and artificial seawater were 3.65 × 10-6 cm2/s and 3.83 × 10-6 cm2/s, respectively. XAD-2 binding gel showed rapid adsorption to 4-MBC. The accumulated masses of 4-MBC in XAD-2 DGT increased linearly with deployed time for 7 days in freshwater and seawater, which agreed well with theoretical predictions. The sampling performance was independent of ionic strength (0.0001-0.5 M), pH (4.0-8.5), and dissolved organic matter (0-20 mg/L). Field deployment in the river estuary and bathing beach showed that DGT-measured 4-MBC concentrations were consistent in comparison with grab sampling. Environmental risk assessment showed that 4-MBC may pose a medium risk to aquatic organisms based on computed risk quotient (RQ) values. Sewage discharge is the main source of 4-MBC risk, while the residue in recreation beaches contributes more significantly in summer. The established DGT sampling is suitable for seasonal monitoring, source identification, and risk assessment of 4-MBC in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Ren
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
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20
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Fabbri L, Garlantézec R, Audouze K, Bustamante M, Carracedo Á, Chatzi L, Ramón González J, Gražulevičienė R, Keun H, Lau CHE, Sabidó E, Siskos AP, Slama R, Thomsen C, Wright J, Lun Yuan W, Casas M, Vrijheid M, Maitre L. Childhood exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and multi-omic profiles: A panel study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107856. [PMID: 36867994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals are exposed to environmental pollutants with endocrine disrupting activity (endocrine disruptors, EDCs) and the early stages of life are particularly susceptible to these exposures. Previous studies have focused on identifying molecular signatures associated with EDCs, but none have used repeated sampling strategy and integrated multiple omics. We aimed to identify multi-omic signatures associated with childhood exposure to non-persistent EDCs. METHODS We used data from the HELIX Child Panel Study, which included 156 children aged 6 to 11. Children were followed for one week, in two time periods. Twenty-two non-persistent EDCs (10 phthalate, 7 phenol, and 5 organophosphate pesticide metabolites) were measured in two weekly pools of 15 urine samples each. Multi-omic profiles (methylome, serum and urinary metabolome, proteome) were measured in blood and in a pool urine samples. We developed visit-specific Gaussian Graphical Models based on pairwise partial correlations. The visit-specific networks were then merged to identify reproducible associations. Independent biological evidence was systematically sought to confirm some of these associations and assess their potential health implications. RESULTS 950 reproducible associations were found among which 23 were direct associations between EDCs and omics. For 9 of them, we were able to find corroborating evidence from previous literature: DEP - serotonin, OXBE - cg27466129, OXBE - dimethylamine, triclosan - leptin, triclosan - serotonin, MBzP - Neu5AC, MEHP - cg20080548, oh-MiNP - kynurenine, oxo-MiNP - 5-oxoproline. We used these associations to explore possible mechanisms between EDCs and health outcomes, and found links to health outcomes for 3 analytes: serotonin and kynurenine in relation to neuro-behavioural development, and leptin in relation to obesity and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS This multi-omics network analysis at two time points identified biologically relevant molecular signatures related to non-persistent EDC exposure in childhood, suggesting pathways related to neurological and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fabbri
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronan Garlantézec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Medicine Genomics Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Santiago de Compostela, CEGEN-PRB3, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Juan Ramón González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Hector Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer & Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Chung-Ho E Lau
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer & Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Recent trends in the determination of organic UV filters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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22
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Perfetti-Bolaño A, Muñoz K, Kolok AS, Araneda A, Barra RO. Analysis of the contribution of locally derived wastewater to the occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Antarctic coastal waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158116. [PMID: 35988631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants detected in many locations of the world including Antarctica. The main objective of this review is to discuss the influence of the human population on the concentration, distribution and biological effects of PPCPs across the Antarctic coastal marine ecosystem. We carried out a review of the scientific articles published for PPCPs in Antarctic, supported by the information of the Antarctic stations reported by Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (CONMAP), Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (ATS). In addition, spatial data regarding the Antarctic continent was obtained from Quantarctica. Antarctic concentrations of PPCPs were more reflective of the treatment system used by research stations as opposed to the infrastructure built or the annual occupancy by station. The main problem is that most of the research stations lack tertiary treatment, resulting in elevated concentrations of PPCPs in effluents. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of Antarctic field stations in coastal areas allows for the release of PPCPs, directly into the sea, a practice that remains in compliance with the current Protocol. After their release, PPCPs can become incorporated into sea ice, which can then act as a chemical reservoir. In addition, there is no clarity on the effects on the local biota. Finally, we recommend regulating the entry and use of PPCPs in Antarctica given the difficulties of operating, and in some cases the complete absence of appropriate treatment systems. Further studies are needed on the fate, transport and biological effects of PPCPs on the Antarctic biota. It is recommended that research efforts be carried out in areas inhabited by humans to generate mitigation measures relative to potential adverse impacts. Tourism should be also considered in further studies due the temporal release of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perfetti-Bolaño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3002, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Alberto Araneda
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ricardo O Barra
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio Ecología-Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
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23
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Pham DN, Sokolov EP, Falfushynska H, Sokolova IM. Gone with sunscreens: Responses of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) to a wide concentration range of a UV filter ensulizole. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136736. [PMID: 36209850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters have emerged as a new threat to marine organisms, but ecotoxicological studies have so far focused on only a few substances despite the chemical diversity of these synthetic sunscreen agents. Here we examined the responses of blue mussels Mytilus edulis to ensulizole, a non-lipophilic UV filter commonly found in the Baltic Sea. Mussels were exposed for three weeks to five ensulizole concentrations of 10, 102, 103, 104, and 105 ng/L. Stress on stress response was evaluated by subjecting mussels to air exposure. A battery of biomarkers related to detoxification and antioxidant defense, oxidative stress damage, energy reserves and metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage was measured in the gills and the digestive gland. In general, ensulizole affected the antioxidant response, energy storage, and cell death-related processes in mussel tissues. Mussels exposed to low, environmentally relevant concentrations of ensulizole had a shorter air survival time than the control. Ensulizole often showed the non-monotonic concentration-response curves, suggesting the complex effects of this UV filter at molecular, biochemical, and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Nghia Pham
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research, Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Human Health, Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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24
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Kook H, Cha M, Park C. Transport of emerging organic ultraviolet (UV) filters in ceramic membranes: Role of polyethylene (PE) microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136570. [PMID: 36155025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics can be considered potential carriers of emerging organic ultraviolet (UV) filters due to their considerable adsorption capacity in wastewater treatment. The adsorption behavior of organic UV filters, which are commonly contained in personal care products to preserve the skin against UV radiation, onto polyethylene (PE) microplastics were systematically studied to investigate their combined effects. Kinetics and isotherm analyses revealed that the adsorption of four organic UV filters onto PE microplastic surfaces followed a multi-rate and a heterogeneous multi-layer pattern. Several factors including salinity, microplastic size, and dosage also influenced the adsorption efficiency due to hydrophobic interactions. A bench-scale cross-flow ceramic membrane filtration experiment was investigated to evaluate the role of PE microplastics on the retention performance of organic UV filters. The retentions for organic UV filters were 34.2%-37.8% in the non-existence of PE microplastics. Conversely, organic UV filter retentions were significantly increased up to 82.2%-97.9% when they were adsorbed onto the PE microplastics, which were almost completely retained by the ceramic membrane. Therefore, organic UV filters can likely migrate and eventually be carried by PE microplastics, thus increasing the retention of both emerging organic UV filters and microplastics prior to discharge from wastewater treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kook
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Minju Cha
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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25
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Li Y, Zhu Q, Bi S, Zhou Q, Liang Y, Liu S, Liao C. Associations between concentrations of typical ultraviolet filter benzophenones in indoor dust and human hair from China: A human exposure study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156789. [PMID: 35724781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) has been widely used as a typical ultraviolet (UV) filter in various personal care products. While BP-3 and its derivatives (BPs) have been detected in various environmental matrices, very little is known about the concentration profile of BPs in human hair. The associations of BPs in human hair with those in indoor dust samples collected from the same locations remain largely unclear. In this study, a total of 258 indoor dust samples and 66 human hair samples were collected across China and analyzed to determine the presence of BP-3 and its derivatives. The BP-3 concentrations ranged from 0.386 to 1230 ng/g dw in indoor dust and from 0.149 to 696 ng/g dw in human hair. No difference was found between BPs in indoor dust samples from different geographic regions (p > 0.05), whereas relatively higher BP concentrations were observed for dust from urban regions than dust from rural ones (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the BP-3 concentrations of indoor dust and human hair samples (p < 0.05). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BPs for humans from indoor dust showed a gender difference (females > males; p < 0.05), with the highest EDI value being found in Southwest China (males: 35.5 pg/kg bw/day; females: 40.6 pg/kg bw/day). This study provides the concentration profiles of BPs in human hair and elucidates the associations between the BP concentrations in indoor dust samples and human hair samples collected across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shihao Bi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Isabel Cadena-Aizaga M, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Juan Santana-Rodríguez J. Occurrence and bioconcentration of organic UV filters in primary marine consumers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Martin N, Wassmur B, Slomberg D, Labille J, Lammel T. Influence of TiO 2 nanocomposite UV filter surface chemistry and their interactions with organic UV filters on uptake and toxicity toward cultured fish gill cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113984. [PMID: 35988383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments have been found to be contaminated with a variety of inorganic and organic UV filters. This includes novel nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite particles, which have been increasingly developed and incorporated into commercial sunscreens in recent years. So far, relatively little is known about the effects of this novel class of UV filters on aquatic life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the toxicity of three such nanoparticulate TiO2 UV filters with different surface coatings, namely Eusolex® T-Avo (SiO2-coated), T-Lite™ SF (Al(OH)3/PDMS-coated), and Eusolex® T-S (Al2O3/stearic acid-coated) either alone, or in the presence of selected organic UV filters (octinoxate, avobenzone, octocrylene), toward fish using RTgill-W1 cell cultures as an in vitro experimental model. Besides standard exposure protocols, alternative approaches (i.e., exposure to water accommodated fractions (WAFs), hanging-drop exposure) were explored to account for nanoparticle (NP)-specific fate in the medium and obtain additional/complementary information on their toxicity in different conditions. The AlamarBlue, CFDA-AM and Neutral Red Retention (NR) assays were used to measure effects on different cellular endpoints. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine NP uptake. Our results showed that none of the TiO2 NP UV filters were cytotoxic at the concentrations tested (0.1-10 µg/mL; 24 h) but there were differences in their uptake by the cells. Thus, only the hydrophilic T-AVO was detected inside cells, but the hydrophobic T-Lite SF and T-S were not. In addition, our results show that the presence of NPs (or the used dispersant) tended to decrease organic UV filter toxicity. The level of combination effect depended on both NP-type (surface chemistry) and concentration, suggesting that the reduced toxicity resulted from reduced availability of the organic UV filters due to their adsorption to the NP surface. Thus, mixtures of TiO2 NP UV filters and organic UV filters may have a different toxicological profile compared to the single substances, but probably do not pose an increased hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Wassmur
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danielle Slomberg
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Tobias Lammel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Cuccaro A, Freitas R, De Marchi L, Oliva M, Pretti C. UV-filters in marine environments: a review of research trends, meta-analysis, and ecotoxicological impacts of 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor and benzophenone-3 on marine invertebrate communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64370-64391. [PMID: 35852751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential adverse effects of UV-filter pollution in marine environments have been the focus of research in recent years. This systematic review aims to determine the extent of this emerging problem, both quantitatively and qualitatively, combining temporal and science mapping analyses to explore the development of the field of UV-filters in the marine environment (from 1990 to 2021), and to outline new research frontiers. The temporal trend analysis revealed an exponential growth of published studies over the last decade (70% since 2016), confirming the emerging role of this topic in environmental science. The meta-analysis determined that 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) are top-priority environmental pollutants due to their increasing usage and, in turn, a frequent occurrence in marine ecosystems. This meta-analysis determined the focus on these two contaminants for this review. A critical discussion of the applications, regulatory aspects, and environmental occurrences of these selected compounds was provided. The present study also focused on the most recent (2015-2021) field and laboratory studies investigating the ecotoxicological impacts of 4-MBC and BP-3 on marine invertebrates. This review highlights the need for more research efforts to fill the knowledge gaps on the realistic effects these compounds may have when considered individually, in combination, or as subsequent exposures. Overall, this review aims to establish guidelines for further studies to understand the effect of UV-filters on marine ecosystems and marine invertebrate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cuccaro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Leghorn, Italy.
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Leghorn, Italy
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Leghorn, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Leghorn, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Deng J, Wu X, He W, Mu X, Nie X. Molecular mechanisms of Marine-Derived Natural Compounds as photoprotective strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109174. [PMID: 35998505 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression, apoptosis, and changes in the extracellular matrix, which lead to the development of photoaging and photodamage of skin. At the molecular level, these pathological changes are mainly caused by the activation of related protein kinases and downstream transcription pathways, the increase of matrix metalloproteinase, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and the combined action of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. At present, the photostability, toxicity, and damage to marine ecosystems of most sun protection products in the market have affected their efficacy and safety. Another way is to use natural products produced by various marine species. Marine organisms have evolved a variety of molecular strategies to protect themselves from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, and their unique chemicals have attracted more and more attention in the research of photoprotection and photoaging resistance. This article provides an extensive description of the recent literature on the potential of Marine-Derived Natural Compounds (MDNCs) as photoprotective and photoprotective agents. It reviews the positive effects of MDNCs in counteracting UV-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix degradation. Some MDNCs have the potential to develop feasible solutions for related phenomena, such as photoaging and photodamage caused by UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.
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Stability and Removal of Benzophenone-Type UV Filters from Water Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061874. [PMID: 35335237 PMCID: PMC8951480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP) type UV filters are common environmental contaminants that are posing a growing health concern due to their increasing presence in water. Different studies have evidenced the presence of benzophenones (BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-4, BP-9, HPB) in several environmental matrices, indicating that conventional technologies of water treatment are not able to remove them. It has also been reported that these compounds could be associated with endocrine-disrupting activities, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. This review focuses on the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of benzophenone-type UV filters and their degradation products (DPs) under UV and solar irradiation and in UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate, and the Fenton process. The effects of various operating parameters, such as UV irradiation including initial concentrations of H2O2, persulfate, and Fe2+, on the degradation of tested benzophenones from aqueous matrices, and conditions that allow higher degradation rates to be achieved are presented. Application of nanoparticles such as TiO2, PbO/TiO2, and Sb2O3/TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of benzophenone-type UV filters was included in this review.
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Mokh S, Nassar R, Berry A, Khatib ME, Doumiati S, Taha M, Ezzeddine R, Al Iskandarani M. Chromatographic methods for the determination of a broad spectrum of UV filters in swimming pool water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18605-18616. [PMID: 34697706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an analytical approach based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detectors for a determination of 18 organic UV filters from water samples. Extraction method parameters were optimized: 250 ml of water sample loaded on Chromabond C18 cartridges after adjustment to pH 4 and then eluted with acetonitrile. The mobile phase and the parameters of the mass spectrometer, as well as those of the ionization source, were tested to enhance detection sensitivity. During method validation, the extracted target compounds showed good recoveries (> 68%) with acceptable values in terms of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR), where relative standard deviations values were lower than 20%. The validated method was applied to 10 water samples collected from different swimming pools located in Lebanon from which eight UV filters among the eighteen targets compounds were detected at concentrations ranged between 1 and 2526 µg L-1. The most detected compounds were padimate-O (OD-PABA) and octocrylene (OCR). This study represents the first available data on the occurrence of UV filter residues in Lebanese swimming pool opening hence future perspectives and insights to evaluate their degradation by-products and their toxicity on human health and marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Mokh
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) - Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) - Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO) Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Rania Nassar
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Faculty of Biosciences, Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Samah Doumiati
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Taha
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Raed Ezzeddine
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Al Iskandarani
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) - Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) - Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO) Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
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32
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Mycosporine-like amino acids: Algal metabolites shaping the safety and sustainability profiles of commercial sunscreens. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Araújo MJ, Soares AMVM, Monteiro MS. Effects of exposure to the UV-filter 4-MBC during Solea senegalensis metamorphosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51440-51452. [PMID: 33987723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many personal care products integrate UV-filters, such as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), a compound frequently detected in aquatic habitats, including coastal areas. However, the potential effects of 4-MBC to saltwater species have been poorly studied. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the effects of 4-MBC exposure on Solea senegalensis during metamorphosis, a sensitive life stage of this flatfish. To achieve this, fish were exposed to 4-MBC (0.2-2.0 mg L-1) for 48 h at the beginning of metamorphosis (13 days after hatching, dah). After this period, the fish were transferred to a clean medium. They were fed and maintained until more than 80% of individuals in the control group completed the metamorphosis (24 dah). Mortality, malformations, and metamorphic progression were studied daily. Growth, behavior, and biochemical markers of neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), oxidative stress (catalase, CAT; lipid peroxidation, LPO), detoxification (glutathione S-transferase, GST), and anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) were also determined at the end of the experiment. An acceleration of metamorphosis progression was observed during and 2 days after the 4-MBC exposure in all concentrations tested. In addition, reduced length, inhibition of CAT activity, and induction of oxidative damage were observed (lowest observed effect concentration, LOEC = 0.928 mg L-1 4-MBC for length, CAT, and LPO). Short-term exposure to 4-MBC at the onset of metamorphosis affected S. senegalensis at several levels of organization, even after 9 days in a clean medium, including growth and metamorphic progression, suggesting possible long-term adverse effects in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário J Araújo
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Llamas-Dios MI, Vadillo I, Jiménez-Gavilán P, Candela L, Corada-Fernández C. Assessment of a wide array of contaminants of emerging concern in a Mediterranean water basin (Guadalhorce river, Spain): Motivations for an improvement of water management and pollutants surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147822. [PMID: 34034190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of 185 organic contaminants (regulated pollutants and contaminants of emerging concern; CECs) in surface and groundwater of the Guadalhorce River basin (southern Spain) providing the most detailed dataset regarding organic pollution presented so far in this area. Up to 63 contaminants were detected in a monitoring campaign conducted in March 2016. Most contaminants were detected more frequently in surface water where they generally present higher concentrations suggesting the prevalence of wastewater discharges into streams as the main pollutant sources. In general, hydrophobic CECs presented the highest frequencies of detection and concentrations, which can be a consequence of several factors: (1) hydrophobic compounds show a higher retardation factor, which result, along with a continuous contaminant input, in a widespread and homogeneous distribution. In contrast, hydrophilic contaminants are more easily transported by water flows towards the lower basin and potentially accumulate as driven by groundwater flow and because of low renewal rates in the detrital aquifers caused by re-pumping and irrigation return flows in agricultural lands; (2) hydrophobic CECs studied in this research are mainly personal care products and organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers, which are present in many different products and are used in large amounts; Also, (3) use of biosolids (reclaimed sewer sludge) as fertilizer for crops is potentially an additional diffuse source of organic pollutants in the study area contributing to a widespread distribution, especially for hydrophobic compounds. Obtained results highlight the need to better define the potential risk of non-regulated contaminants in water resources as well as the great impact of untreated wastewater discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Llamas-Dios
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - I Vadillo
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - P Jiménez-Gavilán
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - L Candela
- IMDEA-Water, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, 03690 Madrid, Spain; IUACA, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - C Corada-Fernández
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, CEIMAR, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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Watkins YSD, Sallach JB. Investigating the exposure and impact of chemical UV filters on coral reef ecosystems: Review and research gap prioritization. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:967-981. [PMID: 33734562 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are among the world's most productive and biologically diverse ecosystems. In recent decades, they have experienced an unparalleled decline resulting from various anthropogenically induced stressors. Ultraviolet (UV) filters found in personal care products, such as sunscreen, are chemical pollutants that are emerging as a growing toxic threat to reef organisms. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to (1) determine the current understanding of spatial distribution and the occurrence of UV filters exposed to the marine environment, (2) synthesize current ecotoxicological thresholds of relevant reef organisms under various UV-filter exposures, (3) identify research gaps related to both exposure and toxicity of UV filters in coral reef ecosystems. With gaps identified, a survey was developed and distributed to experts in the field representing academic, governmental, not-for-profit, and industry researchers in order to prioritize research gaps and inform future research efforts. The survey identified the need for better understanding of the impacts of co-stressors, long-term exposure, mixture, and degradation product exposure and realistic environmental conditions. Ultimately, this review will help guide priority research efforts to understand the risks of UV-filter exposure to coral reef ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:967-981. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine S D Watkins
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - J Brett Sallach
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
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Kwon B, Choi K. Occurrence of major organic UV filters in aquatic environments and their endocrine disruption potentials: A mini-review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:940-950. [PMID: 33991024 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are frequently used in daily life, and hence are ubiquitously detected in the aquatic environment worldwide. Most monitoring efforts and toxicological studies are, however, limited to a few chemicals like benzophenone-3 (BP-3). In the present study, we chose other major organic UV filters, such as avobenzone (AVB), homosalate (HS), octisalate (OS), and octocrylene (OC), and reviewed information on their use, environmental occurrences, and endocrine disruption effects, available to date. Organic UV filters are used in high volume in many consumer applications, not only in sunscreen products but also in cosmetics, personal care products, home products, and food packaging. Environmental monitoring worldwide reveals that recreational coastal waters are among the hot spots of their contamination. An increasing number of experimental studies indicate that organic UV filters such as octinoxate (OMC), AVB, and HS may cause disruptions in sex hormones. Avobenzene and OMC can also influence thyroid function in experimental models. Observations in human population are rarely made, but OMC and OC have been associated with decreased androgenicity and increase of polycystic ovary syndrome, respectively. Further investigations are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps identified in the present study, to help develop relevant safety screening measures for organic UV filters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:940-950. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bareum Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Sustainable Development (ISD), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Sunyer-Caldú A, Peiró A, Díaz M, Ibáñez L, Gago-Ferrero P, Silvia Diaz-Cruz M. Development of a sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of Benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservatives in umbilical cord blood. MethodsX 2021; 8:101307. [PMID: 34434827 PMCID: PMC8374286 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UV filters and parabens are compounds used in large quantities in modern societies and have become ubiquitous in the environment. They are considered compounds of emerging concern due to the unwanted effects they cause in the environment and their bioaccumulation potential in humans. Considering their endocrine disrupting activity and their so far unknown effects in newborns, a continuous monitoring of these substances is required. In this work, we developed and validated a new sensitive methodology for the analysis of 8 UV filters and metabolites, and 4 parabens in umbilical cord blood samples. The method consisted of a liquid-liquid extraction and phase separation by freezing. Then, the organic extract was further analyzed at alkaline pH using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a QqLIT hybrid mass spectrometer as analyzer. The low limits of detection achieved (0.01–0.42 ng/mL) allowed the reliable simultaneous quantification of UV filters and parabens in this complex biological matrix.Simple, fast and sensitive analysis of UV filters and parabens in cord blood samples. First simultaneous analysis of UV filters and parabens in cord blood. Allows the evaluation of perinatal transfer of UV filters and parabens from the mother to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sunyer-Caldú
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Amelia Peiró
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pg. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues (Barcelona) E-08950, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Pg. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues (Barcelona) E-08950, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.,Water Quality Area, Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park. H2O Building, Emili Grahit 101, Girona E-17003, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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38
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Sunscreens’ UV Filters Risk for Coastal Marine Environment Biodiversity: A Review. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rapid growth of tourism in recent years and the acknowledgement that exposure to solar UV radiation may cause skin cancer, sunscreens have been widely used by beachgoers in recent decades. UV filters contained in sunscreens, however, were recently identified as emerging pollutants in coastal waters since they accumulate in the marine environment with different adverse effects. In fact, exposure to these components was proven to be toxic to most invertebrate and vertebrate marine species. Some UV filters are linked to the production of significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, and the release of inorganic micronutrients that may alter the status of coastal habitats. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification have not yet been fully addressed. This review highlights recent progress in research and provides a comprehensive overview of the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of the most used UV filters both on the abiotic and biotic compartments in different types of coastal areas, to gain a better understanding of the impacts on coastal biodiversity.
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Emerging Contaminants in Seafront Zones. Environmental Impact and Analytical Approaches. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8070095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some chemical substances have the potential to enter the coastal and marine environment and cause adverse effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and human health. For a large majority of them, their fate and effects are poorly understood as well as their use still unregulated. Finding effective and sustainable strategies for the identification of these emerging and/or anthropogenic contaminants that might cause polluting effects in marine environments to mitigate their adverse effects, is of utmost importance and a great challenge for managers, regulators and researchers. In this review we will evaluate the impact of emerging contaminants (ECs) on marine coastal zones namely in their ecosystems and biodiversity, highlighting the potential risks of organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Emerging microextraction techniques and high-resolution analytical platforms used in isolation, identification and quantification of ECs will be also reviewed.
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40
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da Silva ACP, Santos BAMC, Castro HC, Rodrigues CR. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane: Toxicological effects on marine biota and human concerns. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:73-86. [PMID: 34101210 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) (CAS number: 5466-77-3) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM) (CAS number: 70356-09-1) are important sunscreens. However, frequent application of large amounts of these compounds may reflect serious environmental impact, once it enters the environment through indirect release via wastewater treatment or immediate release during water activities. In this article, we reviewed the toxicological effects of EHMC and BMDM on aquatic ecosystems and the human consequences. According to the literature, EHMC and BMDM have been detected in water samples and sediments worldwide. Consequently, these compounds are also present in several marine organisms like fish, invertebrates, coral reefs, marine mammals, and other species, due to its bioaccumulation potential. Studies show that these chemicals are capable of damaging the aquatic beings in different ways. Further, bioaccumulation studies have shown that EHMC biomagnifies through trophic levels, which makes human seafood consumption a concern because the higher position in the trophic chain, the more elevate levels of ultraviolet (UV) filters are detected, and it is established that EHMC present adverse effects on the human organism. In contrast, there are no studies on the BMDM bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential. Different strategies can be adopted to avoid the damage caused by sunscreens in the environment and human organism. Two of them include the use of natural photoprotectors, such as polyphenols, in association with UV filters in sunscreens and the development of new and safer UV filters. Overall, this review shows the importance of studying the impacts of sunscreens in nature and developing safer sunscreens and formulations to safeguard marine fauna, ecosystems, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C P da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca A M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Laboratório de Antibióticos, Bioquímica, Ensino e Modelagem Molecular (LABiEMol), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR-3D (ModMolQSAR), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos (DEFARMED), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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41
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Xu M, Zheng D, Gong S. Effects of Low Concentration Benzophenone-3 Exposure on the Sex Ratio and Offspring Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:740-746. [PMID: 33710386 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is an important ultraviolet (UV)-screening agent using in cosmetics, however, the associated environmental pollution and the toxicity to organisms, particularly aquatic organisms, cannot be neglected. In this study, the potential risks posed to zebrafish when exposed to environmental residual concentrations of BP-3 were evaluated. Zebrafish embryos (F0) were exposed to 0, 0.056, 2.3, and 38 μg/L BP-3 until 42 days' post-fertilization (dpf). The effects of BP-3 on the sex ratio and gene expression of F0 zebrafish were investigated. In the F1 embryos, cumulative hatching rate, body length, and heartbeats were observed. The result showed that F0 and F1 exposure to concentrations of 0.056 and 38 μg/L BP-3 elicited stronger toxicity at 96 hpf than single generation exposures. Overall, our results provide a new understanding on the effects of low BP-3 concentration chronic exposure on sex ratio and offspring developmental toxicity of the F0 zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technical Research Center for Green Household Chemicals, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Danyang Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technical Research Center for Green Household Chemicals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhao Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technical Research Center for Green Household Chemicals, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Slomberg DL, Catalano R, Bartolomei V, Labille J. Release and fate of nanoparticulate TiO 2 UV filters from sunscreen: Effects of particle coating and formulation type. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116263. [PMID: 33383421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate mineral UV filters, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites, are being increasingly used in sunscreens as an alternative to organic UV filters. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding their fate and behavior in aquatic environments and potential environmental impacts after being released from a bather's skin during recreational activities. In this work, we assessed the release, fate, and transformation of two commercial nanocomposite TiO2 UV filters, one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic, in ultrapure water and simulated fresh- and seawater. The hydrophobic TiO2 nanocomposite, T-SA, was coated with a primary Al2O3 photopassivation layer and a secondary stearic acid layer, while the hydrophilic TiO2 nanocomposite, T-SiO2, was coated with a single SiO2 photopassivation layer. The influence of the sunscreen formulation was examined by dispersing the TiO2 nanocomposites in their typical continuous phase (i.e., oil for T-SA and water for T-SiO2) before introduction into the aqueous system. After 48 h of aqueous aging and 48 h of settling, 88-99% of the hydrophobic T-SA remained floating on top of the water column in all aqueous systems. On the other hand, 100% of the hydrophilic T-SiO2 settled out of the water column in the fresh- and seawaters. With respect to the photopassivation coatings, no loss of the T-SA Al2O3 layer was detected after aqueous aging, but 99-100% dissolution of the SiO2 layer on the T-SiO2 nanocomposite was observed after 48 h in the fresh- and seawaters. This dissolution left behind T-SiO2 by-products exhibiting a photocatalytic activity similar to that of bare rutile TiO2. Overall, the results demonstrated that the TiO2 surface coating and sunscreen formulation type drive environmental behavior and fate and that loss of the passivation layer can result in potentially harmful, photoactive by-products. These insights will help guide regulations and assist manufacturers in developing more environmentally safe sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Slomberg
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Riccardo Catalano
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Vincent Bartolomei
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Labille
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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43
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Piccinino D, Capecchi E, Tomaino E, Gabellone S, Gigli V, Avitabile D, Saladino R. Nano-Structured Lignin as Green Antioxidant and UV Shielding Ingredient for Sunscreen Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:274. [PMID: 33578879 PMCID: PMC7916605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Green, biocompatible, and biodegradable antioxidants represent a milestone in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Lignin is the most abundant polyphenol in nature, recovered as a low-cost waste from the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery. This polymer is characterized by beneficial physical and chemical properties which are improved at the nanoscale level due to the emergence of antioxidant and UV shielding activities. Here we review the use of lignin nanoparticles in cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications, focusing on sunscreen and antiaging formulations. Advances in the technology for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles are described highlighting structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Piccinino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Tomaino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Sofia Gabellone
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gigli
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- IDI Farmaceutici, Via dei Castelli Romani 73/75, 00071 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (E.T.); (S.G.); (V.G.)
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Studziński W, Gackowska A, Kudlek E. Determination of environmental properties and toxicity of octyl-dimethyl-para-aminobenzoic acid and its degradation products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123856. [PMID: 33264932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Octyl-dimethyl-para-aminobenzoic acid (ODPABA) is one of compounds of emerging concern. It undergoes transformations under the influence of oxidizing or chlorinating agents and UV radiation forming products with different properties. There is very little experimental data concerning the environmental fate of ODPABA and its transformation products. Therefore, the purpose of the studies was to determine environmental parameters: water solubility, soil - water partition coefficient, octanol - air partition coefficient, bioconcentration factor as well as half-life in air, water and soil. Based on the results obtained, the persistence and migration possibilities of ODPABA and its transformation products in the aquatic environment were estimated. Moreover, the ecological toxicity of oxidation and chlorination products was investigated. Microtox®, Daphtoxkit F® and Artoxkit M® tests were used to determine toxicity. LC50 for Fish and Daphnia magna was calculated by Ecosar module. Studies have shown that as a result of ODPABA transformations, chloroorganic products are formed, which are lipophilic, are bioconcentrated in organic matter, are characterized by significant environmental persistence, can spread over considerable distances and are toxic. Oxidation products have significantly smaller impact on the environment. They are characterized by higher water solubility, lower bioconcentration factor and are less toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Studziński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Alicja Gackowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Edyta Kudlek
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Carvalhais A, Pereira B, Sabato M, Seixas R, Dolbeth M, Marques A, Guilherme S, Pereira P, Pacheco M, Mieiro C. Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1567. [PMID: 33557180 PMCID: PMC7913899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UV filters are potentially harmful to marine organisms. Given their worldwide dissemination and the scarcity of studies on marine fish, we evaluated the toxicity of an organic (oxybenzone) and an inorganic (titanium dioxide nanoparticles) UV filter, individually and in a binary mixture, in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish were intraperitoneally injected and a multi-level assessment was carried out 3 and 7 days later. Oxybenzone and titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced mild effects on turbot, both isolated and in mixture. Neither oxidative stress (intestine, liver and kidney) nor neurotoxicity (brain) was found. However, liver metabolic function was altered after 7 days, suggesting the impairment of the aerobic metabolism. An increased motility rate in oxybenzone treatment was the only behavioural alteration (day 7). The intestine and liver were preferentially targeted, while kidney and brain were unaffected. Both infra- and supra-additive interactions were perceived, with a toxicodynamic nature, resulting either in favourable or unfavourable toxicological outcomes, which were markedly dependent on the organ, parameter and post-injection time. The combined exposure to the UV filters did not show a consistent increment in toxicity in comparison with the isolated exposures, which is an ecologically relevant finding providing key information towards the formulation of environmentally safe sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvalhais
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Bárbara Pereira
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariangela Sabato
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rafaela Seixas
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Dolbeth
- CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; or
| | - Ana Marques
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Cláudia Mieiro
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.); (B.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (P.P.); (M.P.)
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Hong H, Wang J, Shi D. Effects of salinity on the chronic toxicity of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105742. [PMID: 33460951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet filters are widely used in personal care products. 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is one of the most frequently used UV filters. Due to its widespread usage 4-MBC has been detected at high concentrations in offshore waters. Previous toxicological studies have suggested that 4-MBC might induce much higher toxicity in marine organisms than freshwater species. To explore the effects of salinity on 4-MBC toxicity, the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was used as the model species, as it plays an important role in marine ecosystems and can be adapted to a wide range of salinity conditions. T. japonicus were adapted to three different salinity conditions (i.e., 20, 30 and 40 ppt) prior to exposure to 0, 1, and 5 μg L-1 4-MBC for multiple generations (F0-F3). Results showed that environmentally relevant concentrations of 4-MBC had toxic effects on T. japonicus and therefore, can pose a significant risk to marine copepods in the natural environment. In addition, increasing salinity levels increased the lethal, developmental and reproductive toxicities of 4-MBC in T. japonicus. This was because that higher salinity levels increased the uptake rate constant and bioconcentration factor of 4-MBC and also further exacerbated the oxidative stress induced by exposure to 4-MBC in T. japonicus. Our study demonstrated that understanding how salinity affects the toxicity of 4-MBC is important for accurate assessment of the risk of 4-MBC in the aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dalin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Prakash V, Anbumani S. A Systematic Review on Occurrence and Ecotoxicity of Organic UV Filters in Aquatic Organisms. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 257:121-161. [PMID: 34554327 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing production of cosmetic products such as organic UV filters (OUVFs) in recent years has raised concern regarding their safety to human and environmental health. The inability of wastewater treatment plants in removing these chemical entities and their high octanol-water partition coefficient values tend to result in the persistence of OUVFs in several environmental matrices, leading these to be categorized as "emerging environmental contaminants" because of their unknown risk. Besides aquatic ecosystem contamination, the application of sludge disposal equally threatens terrestrial biota. Besides, the available reviews focusing on levels of OUVFs in aqueous systems (freshwater and marine), instrumental analysis from various samples, and specific toxicity effects, compiled information on the ecotoxicity of OUVFs is currently lacking. Hence, the present manuscript systematically reviews the ecotoxicity of OUVFs in freshwater and marine organisms occupying lower to higher trophic levels, including the underlying mechanisms of action and current knowledge gaps. The available scientific evidence suggests that OUVFs are a prime candidate for environmental concern due to their potential toxic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first document detailing the toxicological effects of OUVFs in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Fivenson D, Sabzevari N, Qiblawi S, Blitz J, Norton BB, Norton SA. Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 2-Increasing awareness of UV filters and their potential toxicities to us and our environment. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:45-69. [PMID: 33537395 PMCID: PMC7838327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunscreens are topical preparations containing one or more compounds that filter, block, reflect, scatter, or absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Part 2 of this review focuses on the environmental, ecological effects and human toxicities that have been attributed to UV filters. METHODS Literature review using NIH databases (eg, PubMed and Medline), FDA and EPA databases, Google Scholar, the Federal Register, and the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). LIMITATIONS This was a retrospective literature review that involved many different types of studies across a variety of species. Comparison between reports is limited by variations in methodology and criteria for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and in vitro studies on the environmental and biological effects of UV filters show a wide array of unanticipated adverse effects on the environment and exposed organisms. Coral bleaching receives considerable attention from the lay press, but the scientific literature identifies potential toxicities of endocrine, neurologic, neoplastic and developmental pathways. These effects harm a vast array of aquatic and marine biota, while almost no data supports human toxicity at currently used quantities (with the exception of contact allergy). Much of these data are from experimental studies or field observations; more controlled environmental studies and long-term human use data are limited. Several jurisdictions have prohibited specific UV filters, but this does not adequately address the dichotomy of the benefits of photoprotection vs lack of eco-friendly, safe, and FDA-approved alternatives.
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Key Words
- 4-MBC, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor
- AAD, American Academy of Dermatology
- Aquatic organism toxicity of UV filters
- BP-3, Benzophenone-3 or Oxybenzone
- Bioaccumulation
- CDER, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (part of FDA)
- Coral bleaching
- EPA, Environmental Protection Agency
- Europa, European Union Commission for Public Health
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBRMPA, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
- GRASE, Generally Recognized As Safe and Effective
- Human toxicity of UV filters
- NDA, New drug application
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NanoTiO2, Nanoparticle titanium dioxide
- Nanoparticle toxicity
- OC, Octocrylene
- OMC, Octyl methoxycinnamate or octinoxate
- OTC, Over-the-counter
- PABA, Para-aminobenzoic acid
- PCPC, Personal care products and cosmetics
- PPCP, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
- Sunscreen side effects
- TiO2, Titanium dioxide
- UV filter
- UV, Ultraviolet
- UVF, Ultraviolet filter
- WWTP, Wastewater treatment plant
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fivenson
- Fivenson Dermatology, 3200 W. Liberty Rd., Suite C5, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States
- St. Joseph Mercy Health System Ann Arbor-Dermatology Residency Program, United States
| | - Nina Sabzevari
- St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Dermatology Resident, 5333 McAuley Drive, Suite 5003, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, United States
| | - Sultan Qiblawi
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 965 Fee Rd A110, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Jason Blitz
- Navy Region Hawaii Public Health Emergency Officer (PHEO) NMRTC, 480 Central Avenue, Code DPH, Pearl Harbor Hawaii JBPHH, HI 96860-4908, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Norton
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Scott A. Norton
- Dermatology Division, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States
- Dermatology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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49
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Chen H, Liu H, Chen M, Ge P, Chen S, Yuan H. Preparation of thermostable and compatible citrate-based polyesters for enhancing the ultraviolet shielding performance of thermoplastic resin. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of citrate-based polyesters with excellent ultraviolet absorption characteristic was synthesized as polymer additive to enhance ultraviolet shielding performance of PETG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Huan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Penghui Ge
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Shaojun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Hao Yuan
- ZTE Corporation
- Shenzhen 518057
- China
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50
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Nano-TiO2 Phototoxicity in Fresh and Seawater: Daphnia magna and Artemia sp. as Proxies. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the industry is quite commonly using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (nTiO2) especially in sunscreens, due to its higher reflective index in comparison to micron size TiO2. Its high demand causes its widespread environmental occurrence, thus damaging the environment. The aquatic ecosystems are the most vulnerable to contamination by nTiO2. Like other engineered nanoparticles, nTiO2 has demonstrated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive halogen species (RHS) in the aquatic environment under UV radiation. This study investigated the toxicity of nTiO2 towards two aquatic indicator organisms, one from freshwater (Daphnia magna) and the other from seawater (Artemia sp.), under simulated solar radiation (SSR). Daphnia magna and Artemia sp. were co-exposed in 16 h SSR and 8 h darkness cycles to different concentrations of nTiO2. The estimated EC50 at 48 h for D. magna was 3.16 mg nTiO2/L, whereas for A. sp. no toxic effects were observed. When we exposed these two organisms simultaneously to 48 h of prolonged SSR using higher nTiO2 concentrations, EC50 values of 7.60 mg/L and 5.59 mg/L nTiO2 for D. magna and A. sp., respectively, were obtained. A complementary bioassay was carried out with A. sp., by exposing this organism to a mixture of nTiO2 and organic UV filters (benzophenone 3 (oxybenzone, BP3), octocrylene (OC), and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (EtPABA)), and then exposed to SSR. The results suggested that nTiO2 could potentially have negative impacts on these organisms, also this work outlines the different characteristics and interactions that may contribute to the mechanisms of environmental (in salted and freshwater) phototoxicity of nTiO2 and UV radiation, besides their interaction with organic compounds.
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