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Li Y, Liu H, Wang S, Zhang S, Li W, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Rapid screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Ligusticum wallichii by using xanthine oxidase functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05570-9. [PMID: 39347815 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, xanthine oxidase was immobilized for the first time using a novel magnetic metal-organic framework material (Fe3O4-SiO2-NH2@MnO2@ZIF-8-NH2). A ligand fishing method was established to rapidly screen XOD inhibitors from Ligusticum wallichii based on the immobilized XOD. Characterization and properties of the immobilized enzyme revealed its excellent stability and reusability. A ligand was screened from Ligusticum wallichii and identified as ligustilide by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The IC50 value of ligustilide was determined to be 27.70 ± 0.13 μM through in vitro inhibition testing. Furthermore, molecular docking verified that ligustilide could bind to amino acid residues at the active site of XOD. This study provides a rapid and effective method for the preliminary screening of XOD inhibitors from complex natural products and has great potential for further discovery of anti-hyperuricemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Sikai Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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Sun T, Guo Y, Su Y, Shan S, Qian W, Zhang F, Li M, Zhang Z. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy: A narrative review. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1240-1253. [PMID: 38946126 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the predominant secondary nephropathy resulting in global end-stage renal disease. It is attracting significant attention in both domestic and international research due to its widespread occurrence, fast advancement, and limited choices for prevention and treatment. The pathophysiology of this condition is intricate and involves multiple molecular and cellular pathways at various levels. This article provides a concise overview of the molecular processes involved in the development of DN. It discusses various factors, such as signaling pathways, cytokines, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cellular damage, autophagy, and epigenetics. The aim is to offer clinicians a valuable reference for DN's diagnosis, treatment, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yina Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanting Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Shigang Shan
- School of Public Health and Nursing, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Zhou Z, Niu H, Bian M, Zhu C. Kidney tea [ Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.] improves diabetic nephropathy via regulating gut microbiota and ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392123. [PMID: 38962302 PMCID: PMC11220284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Due to its complex pathogenesis, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., commonly known as kidney tea, is widely used in DN treatment in China. However, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Methods We used db/db mice as the DN model and evaluated the efficacy of kidney tea in DN treatment by measuring fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum inflammatory cytokines, renal injury indicators and histopathological changes. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, untargeted serum metabolomics, electron microscope, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were performed to explore the mechanisms by which kidney tea exerted therapeutic effects. Results Twelve polyphenols were identified from kidney tea, and its extract ameliorated FBG, inflammation and renal injury in DN mice. Moreover, kidney tea reshaped the gut microbiota, reduced the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lachnoclostridium, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Corynebacterium and Akkermansia, and enriched the abundance of Alloprevotella, Blautia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Kidney tea altered the levels of serum metabolites in pathways such as ferroptosis, arginine biosynthesis and mTOR signaling pathway. Importantly, kidney tea improved mitochondrial damage, increased SOD activity, and decreased the levels of MDA and 4-HNE in the renal tissues of DN mice. Meanwhile, this functional tea upregulated GPX4 and FTH1 expression and downregulated ACSL4 and NCOA4 expression, indicating that it could inhibit ferroptosis in the kidneys. Conclusion Our findings imply that kidney tea can attenuate DN development by modulating gut microbiota and ferroptosis, which presents a novel scientific rationale for the clinical application of kidney tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Niu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Bian
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yang KJ, Park H, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Hong YA. Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition ameliorates high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial injury by activating AMPK through the purine salvage pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11167. [PMID: 38750091 PMCID: PMC11096301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) contributes to reactive oxygen species production. We investigated the cytoprotective mechanisms of XOR inhibition against high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular endothelial injury, which involves activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) exposed to HG were subjected to febuxostat treatment for 48 h and the expressions of AMPK and its associated signaling pathways were evaluated. HG-treated GECs were increased xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase levels and decreased intracellular AMP/ATP ratio, and these effects were reversed by febuxostat treatment. Febuxostat enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK, the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and PPAR-α and suppressed the phosphorylation of forkhead box O (FoxO)3a in HG-treated GECs. Febuxostat also decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, and Nox4 expressions; enhanced superoxide dismutase activity; and decreased malondialdehyde levels in HG-treated GECs. The knockdown of AMPK inhibited PGC-1α-FoxO3a signaling and negated the antioxidant effects of febuxostat in HG-treated GECs. Despite febuxostat administration, the knockdown of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1) also inhibited AMPK-PGC-1α-FoxO3a in HG-treated GECs. XOR inhibition alleviates oxidative stress by activating AMPK-PGC-1α-FoxO3a signaling through the HPRT1-dependent purine salvage pathway in GECs exposed to HG conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Ma L, Liu J, Deng M, Zhou L, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Metabolomics analysis of serum and urine in type 1 diabetes patients with different time in range derived from continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:21. [PMID: 38238828 PMCID: PMC10797982 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time in range (TIR), as an important glycemic variability (GV) index, is clearly associated with disease complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Metabolic dysregulation is also involved in the risks of T1D complications. However, the relationship between metabolites and TIR remains poorly understood. We used metabolomics to investigate metabolic profile changes in T1D patients with different TIR. METHODS This study included 85 T1D patients and 81 healthy controls. GV indices, including TIR, were collected from continuous glucose monitoring system. The patients were compared within two subgroups: TIR-L (TIR < 50%, n = 21) and TIR-H (TIR > 70%, n = 14). To screen for differentially abundant metabolites and metabolic pathways, serum and urine samples were obtained for untargeted metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry. Correlation analysis was conducted with GV metrics and screened biomarkers. RESULTS Metabolites were significantly altered in T1D and subgroups. Compared with healthy controls, T1D patients had higher serum levels of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, 5-methoxyindoleacetate, 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate, and 4-pyridoxic acid and higher urine levels of thromboxane B3 but lower urine levels of hypoxanthine. Compared with TIR-H group, The TIR-L subgroup had lower serum levels of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and mevalonolactone and lower urine levels of thromboxane B3 and phenylbutyrylglutamine. Dysregulation of pathways, such as tryptophan, vitamin B6 and purine metabolism, may be involved in the mechanism of diabetic complications related to glycemic homeostasis. Mevalonolactone, hypoxanthine and phenylbutyrylglutamine showed close correlation with TIR. CONCLUSIONS We identified altered metabolic profiles in T1D individuals with different TIR. These findings provide new insights and merit further exploration of the underlying molecular pathways relating to diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Ma
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Yan T, Shan H, Wang Z, Zou S, Chen Z, Yu W, Du Q, Dong X. Temporal change of serum xanthine oxidase levels and its relation to clinical outcome of severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:320. [PMID: 38038775 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) may be involved in the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. We measured serum XO levels at multiple days to determine whether it is associated with the severity and prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). In this prospective cohort study, we quantified serum XO levels in 112 sTBI patients and 112 controls. Serum XO levels of patients were measured at admission and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after sTBI. Extended Glasgow outcome scale scores of 1-4 at post-trauma 180 days were defined as a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis was employed to determine the relationship between poor prognosis and serum XO levels at multiple days. Serum XO levels were significantly increased at admission among patients, afterwards elevated gradually, peaked at day 3, and then diminished gradually until day 10, and were substantially higher during 10 days in patients than in controls. Serum XO levels at 6 different days were all correlated with admission Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) scores and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. Serum XO levels at 6 different days were all substantially higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis. Serum XO levels at days 7 and 10, but not at days 1, 3, and 5, had significantly lower area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) than those at admission. Serum XO levels at admission and at days 1 and 3, but not at day 5, were independently associated with 180-day poor prognosis. Prognostic prediction model containing GCS scores, Rotterdam CT scores, and serum XO levels at admission (or at days 1 and 3) showed substantially higher AUC than GCS scores and Rotterdam CT scores alone. The models were visually described using nomograms, which were comparatively stable under calibration curve and were relatively of clinical benefit under decision curve. Elevated serum XO levels during early period of sTBI are more closely associated with trauma severity and clinical adverse outcomes, assuming that serum XO may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hao Shan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zefan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shengdong Zou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ziyin Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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Yang Y, Yu J, Huo J, Yang L, Yan Y. Protective effects of peanut skin extract on high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced kidney injury in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1091-1099. [PMID: 37215259 PMCID: PMC10195960 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to explore whether peanut skin extract (PSE) has protective effects against high-fat and high-fructose (HF) diet-induced kidney injury. Rats were fed HF diet in the whole experiment, while rats in PSE-treated groups were supplemented with PSE. Finally, PSE reduced kidney tissue weight, perinephric fat weight, and levels of serum ammonia, creatinine, and urea nitrogen, along with decreases of renal IL-1β and TNF-α level. Histological examination indicated that PSE alleviated renal tubular dilatation, and degeneration and partial exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells. In addition, PSE decreased serum and urinary uric acid level, together with reductions of XOD production and XOD activity both in serum and liver, and down-regulated expressions of renal NLRP3 and ERS proteins. Thus, PSE may be a potential functional food for protecting against renal injury in high energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Jiaoyao Huo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Luting Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Yang KJ, Choi WJ, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Hong YA. Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase Protects against Diabetic Kidney Disease through the Amelioration of Oxidative Stress via VEGF/VEGFR Axis and NOX-FoxO3a-eNOS Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043807. [PMID: 36835220 PMCID: PMC9961241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important source of reactive oxygen species. This study investigated whether XO inhibition exerts renoprotective effects by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Febuxostat (5 mg/kg) was administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-treated 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice via intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. The cytoprotective effects, its mechanism of XO inhibition, and usage of high-glucose (HG)-treated cultured human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were also investigated. Serum cystatin C, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, and mesangial area expansion were significantly improved in febuxostat-treated DKD mice. Febuxostat reduced serum uric acid, kidney XO levels, and xanthine dehydrogenase levels. Febuxostat suppressed the expression of VEGF mRNA, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)1 and VEGFR3, NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4, and mRNA levels of their catalytic subunits. Febuxostat caused downregulation of Akt phosphorylation, followed by the enhancement of dephosphorylation of transcription factor forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In an in vitro study, the antioxidant effects of febuxostat were abolished by a blockade of VEGFR1 or VEGFR3 via NOX-FoxO3a-eNOS signaling in HG-treated cultured human GECs. XO inhibition attenuated DKD by ameliorating oxidative stress through the inhibition of the VEGF/VEGFR axis. This was associated with NOX-FoxO3a-eNOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, 64, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jung Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-220-9255
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11
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Grune T, Schnell V, Jung T. High glucose leads to redistribution of the proteasomal system. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36757058 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of high glucose on the cellular redox state, causing both induction of antioxidative systems and also enhanced protein oxidation is discussed for a long time. It is established that elevated glucose levels are disrupting the cellular proteostasis and influencing the proteasomal system. However, it is still unresolved whether this is due to a reaction of the cellular proteasomal system towards the high glucose or whether this is a secondary reaction to inflammatory stimuli. Therefore, we used a dermal fibroblast cell line exposed to high glucose in order to reveal whether a response of the proteasomal system takes place. We investigated the α4 and the inducible iβ5 subunits of the 20S proteasome, as well as the Rpn1-subunit of the 19S proteasomal regulator complex, measured activity of the 20S, 20S1, and 26S proteasome and detected as well changes in expression as a redistribution into the nucleus. Interestingly, while the activity of the proteasomal forms rather decreased under high glucose treatment; higher expression levels of components of the proteasomal system and higher concentrations of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine and Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) were detected. However, no change in the cytosol-nucleus distribution could be detected for most of the quantified parameters. We concluded that high glucose alone, without additional inflammatory stimuli, provokes a regulatory response on the ubiquitin-proteasomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Schnell
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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Ahmad M, Abramovich I, Agranovich B, Nemirovski A, Gottlieb E, Hinden L, Tam J. Kidney Proximal Tubule GLUT2-More than Meets the Eye. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010094. [PMID: 36611887 PMCID: PMC9818791 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulopathy plays a central role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Under diabetic conditions, the kidney proximal tubule cells (KPTCs) are exposed to an extensive amount of nutrients, most notably glucose; these nutrients deteriorate KPTCs function and promote the development and progression of DKD. Recently, the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in KPTCs has emerged as a central regulator in the pathogenesis of DKD. This has been demonstrated by identifying its specific role in enhancing glucose reabsorption and glucotoxicity, and by deciphering its effect in regulating the expression of the sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) in KPTCs. Moreover, reduction/deletion of KPTC-GLUT2 has been recently found to ameliorate DKD, raising the plausible idea of considering it as a therapeutic target against DKD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which GLUT2 exerts its deleterious effects in KPTCs remain vague. Herein, we review the current findings on the proximal tubule GLUT2 biology and function under physiologic conditions, and its involvement in the pathophysiology of DKD. Furthermore, we shed new light on its cellular regulation during diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdoleen Ahmad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Bella Agranovich
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +972-2-675-7650 (L.H.); +972-2-675-7645 (J.T.)
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +972-2-675-7650 (L.H.); +972-2-675-7645 (J.T.)
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13
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Chen X, Chen S, Ren Q, Niu S, Pan X, Yue L, Li Z, Zhu R, Jia Z, Chen X, Zhen R, Ban J. Metabolomics Provides Insights into Renoprotective Effects of Semaglutide in Obese Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3893-3913. [PMID: 36388084 PMCID: PMC9656502 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s383537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Semaglutide, a new long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, has shown benefits for renal diseases, but its direct role on kidney metabolism under obesity remains unclear. The study aims to elucidate the protective effect and metabolic modulation mechanism of semaglutide on obesity-related kidney injury. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into control and obesity groups. Mice in the obesity group had a high-fat diet and were treated with or without semaglutide (30nmol/kg/day). The study assayed blood biochemistry and then evaluated renal pathological injury through Periodic Acid-Schiff staining and electron microscopy. Metabolomics was utilized to analyze obesity-related metabolites in kidney samples. RESULTS Semaglutide significantly improved glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and kidney injury in obese mice. We successfully identified 377 altered metabolites (P<0.05). It was suggested that semaglutide directly improved oxidative stress and inflammation-related metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and adenosine in the kidney of obese mice, which have not been documented in obesity-related kidney injury. Relevant enriched pathways were included phospholipids and lysophospholipids metabolism, purine metabolism, NAD+ metabolism, and insulin resistance-related metabolism. They could serve as potential targets for intervention of obesity-related kidney injury. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the metabolomics-based renoprotective mechanism of semaglutide in obese mice for the first time. The innovation lied in the identified metabolites such as NAD+ and adenosine targeted by semaglutide, which have not been documented in obesity-related kidney injury. Semaglutide may be a promising therapy for obesity-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
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Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
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15
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Zhang J, Li SL, Lin W, Pan RH, Dai Y, Xia YF. Tripterygium glycoside tablet attenuates renal function impairment in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating triglyceride metabolism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115028. [PMID: 36108463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tripterygium glycoside tablet (TGT) has been used clinically to alleviate diabetic nephropathy (DN) for decades. However, the mechanism of its anti-DN has not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to elucidate molecular mechanism of TGT in repairing renal function injury. The results of biochemical parameters and renal histopathology implied that TGT intervention could attenuate creatinine, albumin excretion rate and histological injury of kidney in DN mouse model. Moreover, UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis indicated that 11 metabolites in kidney of mice with DN were restored after TGT treatment, and the most prominent metabolic alteration was triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Mechanistically, TGT effectively improved the function of impaired kidney by promoting TG catabolism via modulation of adipose triglyceride lipase in DN mice. Our findings identified the link between circulating metabolites and DN, suggesting that it might be a possibility to intervene in DN by targeting metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Si-Lan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wen Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rong-Hua Pan
- The Chinese Traditional Medical Hospital of Liyang City, Liyang 213300, China
| | - Yue Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Chen X, Chen S, Ren Q, Niu S, Yue L, Pan X, Li Z, Zhu R, Jia Z, Chen X, Zhen R, Ban J. A metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism analysis of empagliflozin in obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:122-129. [PMID: 35820282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence of obesity related kidney disease, exploring the mechanisms of therapeutic method is of critical importance. Empagliflozin is a new antidiabetic agent with broad clinical application prospect in cardiovascular and renal diseases. However, a metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism of empagliflozin in obesity remains unclear. Our results showed that empagliflozin significantly alleviated the deposition of lipid droplet, glomerular and tubular injury. The innovation lied in detection of empagliflozin-targeted differential metabolites in kidneys. Compared with normal control mice, obese mice showed higher levels of All-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate, Biliverdin, Galabiose, Galabiosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), Inosine, Methylisocitric acid, Uric acid, Xanthosine, O-glutarylcarnitine, PG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), PG(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), PE(O-16:0/0:0), PG(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/0:0), and lower level of Adenosine. Empagliflozin regulated these metabolites in the opposite direction. Associated metabolic pathways were Phospholipids metabolism, Purine metabolism, and Biliverdin metabolism. Most of metabolites were associated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Empagliflozin improved the oxidative stress and inflammation imbalance. Our study revealed the metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism of empagliflozin in obese mice for the first time. Empagliflozin may be a promising tool to delay the progression of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Qingjuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Chen MM, Meng LH. The double faced role of xanthine oxidoreductase in cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1623-1632. [PMID: 34811515 PMCID: PMC9253144 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a critical, rate-limiting enzyme that controls the last two steps of purine catabolism by converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. It also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the catalytic process. The enzyme is generally recognized as a drug target for the therapy of gout and hyperuricemia. The catalytic products uric acid and ROS act as antioxidants or oxidants, respectively, and are involved in pro/anti-inflammatory actions, which are associated with various disease manifestations, including metabolic syndrome, ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to understanding the paradoxical roles of XOR in tumor promotion. Here, we summarize the expression of XOR in different types of cancer and decipher the dual roles of XOR in cancer by its enzymatic or nonenzymatic activity to provide an updated understanding of the mechanistic function of XOR in cancer. We also discuss the potential to modulate XOR in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-man Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ling-hua Meng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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18
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Metabolomics and biochemical insights on the regulation of aging-related diabetes by a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100316. [PMID: 35774637 PMCID: PMC9237631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) have hypoglycemic activity and oxidation resistance. CPP prevents oxidative stress and stimulates insulin via affecting phenylpyruvic acid. CPP can regulate the GLP-1R/IL-6R and ZO-1/MMP-2 pathways. CPP activated BCL-6 to promote cell survival in brain.
Globally, aging and diabetes are considered prevalent threats to human health. Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) is a natural active ingredient with multiple health benefits including antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, the aging-related diabetic (AD) mice model was established to investigate the underlying hypoglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms of CPP. It improved superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde activities in liver and insulin secretion. CAT and GSH-px activity in the brain increased after CPP administration. In addition, through histopathological examinations, it was evident that injuries in the liver, brain, jejunum, and pancreas were restored by CPP. This restoration was likely mediated via the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/FOXO-1 (forkhead box O1) pathway concurrent with the inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor/FOXO-1 pathway. Furthermore, metabolomics and correlation analysis revealed that CPP possibly relived AD through changes in insulin levels and declined oxidative stress as regulated by phenylpyruvic acid. These findings suggested that CPP exerted antioxidant and hypoglycemic roles in an AD mice model, thereby providing a sound scientific foundation for further development and utilization of CPP.
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Zhang X, Barr DB, Dunlop AL, Panuwet P, Sarnat JA, Lee GE, Tan Y, Corwin EJ, Jones DP, Ryan PB, Liang D. Assessment of metabolic perturbations associated with exposure to phthalates among pregnant African American women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151689. [PMID: 34793805 PMCID: PMC8904271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates have been linked with numerous harmful health effects. Limited data are available on the molecular mechanism underlying phthalate toxicity on human health. In this study, we measured urinary phthalate metabolites and used high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to identify biological perturbations associated with phthalate exposures among pregnant African American (AA) women, who are disproportionately exposed to high phthalates levels. METHODS We used untargeted HRM profiling to characterize serum samples collected during early (8-14 weeks gestation) and late (24-30 weeks gestation) pregnancy from 73 participants from the Atlanta AA Maternal-Child cohort. We measured eight urinary phthalate metabolites in early and late pregnancy, including Monoethyl phthalate (MEP), Mono(2-ethlyhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), to assess maternal exposures to phthalates. Metabolite and metabolic pathway perturbation were evaluated using an untargeted HRM workflow. RESULTS Geometric mean creatinine-adjusted levels of urinary MEP, MEHP, and MEHHP were 67.3, 1.4, and 4.1 μg/g creatinine, respectively, with MEP and MEHP higher than the mean levels of non-Hispanic blacks in the general US population (2015-2016). There were 73 and 1435 metabolic features significantly associated with at least one phthalate metabolite during early and late pregnancy (p < 0.005), respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed perturbations in four inflammation- and oxidative-stress-related pathways associated with phthalate metabolite levels during both early and late pregnancy, including glycerophospholipid, urea cycle, arginine, and tyrosine metabolism. We confirmed 10 metabolites with level-1 evidence, which are associated with urinary phthalates, including thyroxine and thiamine, which were negatively associated with MEP, as well as tyramine and phenethylamine, which were positively associated with MEHP and MEHHP. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that urinary phthalate levels were associated with perturbations in biological pathways connected with inflammation, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. The findings support future targeted investigations on molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of maternal phthalates exposure on adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy A Sarnat
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace E Lee
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youran Tan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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Chai J, Sun Z, Xu J. A Contemporary Insight of Metabolomics Approach for Type 1 Diabetes: Potential for Novel Diagnostic Targets. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1605-1625. [PMID: 35642181 PMCID: PMC9148614 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s357007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput omics has been widely applied in metabolic disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D) was one of the most typical diseases. Effective prevention and early diagnosis are very important because of infancy and persistent characteristics of T1D. The occurrence and development of T1D is a chronic and continuous process, in which the production of autoantibodies (ie serum transformation) occupies the central position. Metabolomics can evaluate the metabolic characteristics of serum before seroconversion, the changes with age and T1D complications. And the addition of natural drug metabolomics is more conducive to the systematic and comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of T1D. This paper reviewed the metabolic changes and main pathogenesis from pre-diagnosis to treatment in T1D. The metabolic spectrum of significant abnormal energy and glucose-related metabolic pathway, down-regulation of lipid metabolism and up-regulation of some antioxidant pathways has appeared before seroconversion, indicating that the body has been in the dual state of disease progression and disease resistance before T1D onset. Some metabolites (such as methionine) are closely related to age, and the types of autoantibodies produced are age-specific. Some metabolites may jointly predict DN with eGFR, and metabolomics can further contribute to the pathogenesis based on the correlation between DN and DR. Many natural drug components have been proved to act on abnormal metabolic pathways of T1D and have a positive impact on some metabolic levels, which is very important for further finding therapeutic targets and developing new drugs with small side effects. Metabolomics can provide auxiliary value for the diagnosis of T1D and provide a new direction to reveal the pathogenesis of T1D and find new therapeutic targets. The development of T1D metabolomics shows that high-throughput research methods are expected to be introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Chai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiancheng Xu, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-431-8878-2595, Fax +86-431-8878-6169, Email
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21
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Hunter E, Percival B, Ahmad Z, Chang MW, Hunt JA, Tasker S, De Risio L, Wilson PB. NMR-based metabolomics associated with chronic kidney disease in humans and animals: a one health perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4133-4137. [PMID: 34312783 PMCID: PMC8473349 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a renal dysfunction that can lead to high rates of mortality and morbidity, particularly when coupled with late diagnosis. CKD has become a major health problem due to its challenging detection at early stages when clear symptoms are yet to be presented. Thus, CKD is likely to be identified when the substantive conditions of the disease are manifest. In order to address the development of the disease and provide necessary treatments at the initial stage, the investigation of new biomarkers and metabolites associated with early detection of CKD are needed. Identified metabolites could be used to confirm the presence of the disease, obtain information on its mechanism and facilitate the development of novel pharmaceutical treatments. Such metabolites may be detected from biofluids and tissues using a range of analytical techniques. There are a number of metabolites that have been identified by mass spectrometry at high sensitivities, whilst the detection of metabolites directly from biofluids using NMR could present a more rapid way to expand our understanding of this disease. This review is focused on NMR-based metabolomics associated with CKD in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hunter
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Benita Percival
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Friars Gate, Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Solihull, B90 4BN, UK
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
- Friars Gate, Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Solihull, B90 4BN, UK
| | - Philippe B Wilson
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK.
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Chen G, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhou J. Dapagliflozin Reduces Urinary Albumin Excretion by Downregulating the Expression of cAMP, MAPK, and cGMP-PKG Signaling Pathways Associated Genes. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:627-637. [PMID: 34672772 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most severe complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by albuminuria and progressive loss of kidney function. Dapagliflozin (DAP), a sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor, is an oral medication that improves blood glucose control in diabetic patients. However, the effects and mechanisms of DAP on DN remain unclear. Materials and Methods: The effect of DAP was based on a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent 2-year surveillance, and the concentration of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, glomerular filtration rate, and serum creatinine were collected after treatment with DAP. To investigate the underlying mechanisms through which DAP reduces urinary albumin excretion, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze gene expression in human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells treated with DAP. Results: The retrospective cohort analysis indicated that DAP could reduce the excretion rate of urinary albumin in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. The results of the RNA-seq experiments showed 349 differentially expressed genes between DAP-treated HK-2 cells and control cells. Gene ontology annotation enrichment analysis showed that DAP mainly affected the expression of integral component of membrane- and cell junction-related genes, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that DAP primarily downregulated the expression of gene clusters associated with cyclic adenosine monophosphate, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling pathways, which play critical roles in the progression of DN. Conclusion: Our results shed light on the mechanism by which DAP controls DN progression and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, De Qing People's Hospital, De Qing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Qian J, Li B, Lu M, Le G, Xie Y. Metabolomics Based on 1H-NMR Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Dietary Methionine Restriction on Splenic Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102439. [PMID: 34681487 PMCID: PMC8535630 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to have many beneficial health effects, including stress resistance enhancement and lifespan extension. However, the effects of MR on the splenic metabolic dysfunction induced by obesity in mice remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the scientific problem and clarify its possible mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice in the control group were fed a control diet (0.86% methionine, 4.2% fat) for 34 weeks, and others were fed a high-fat diet (0.86% methionine, 24% fat) for 10 weeks to establish diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse models. Then, the obtained DIO mice were randomly divided into two groups: the DIO group (DIO diet), the DIO + MR group (0.17% methionine, 24% fat) for 24 weeks. Our results indicated that MR decreased spleen weight, and spleen and plasma lipid profiles, promoted lipid catabolism and fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, and improved mitochondrial function and ATP generation in the spleen. Moreover, MR normalized the splenic redox state and inflammation-related metabolite levels, and increased plasma levels of immunoglobulins. Furthermore, MR increased percent lean mass and splenic crude protein levels, activated the autophagy pathway and elevated nucleotide synthesis to maintain protein synthesis in the spleen. These findings indicate that MR can ameliorate metabolic dysfunction by reducing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the spleen, and the mechanism may be the activation of autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Manman Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-6775-8022
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24
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Li L, Liu S, Zhou Y, Zhao M, Wang Y, Wang C, Lou P, Huang R, Ma L, Lu Y, Fu P, Liu J. Indispensable role of mitochondria in maintaining the therapeutic potential of curcumin in acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9863-9877. [PMID: 34532973 PMCID: PMC8505835 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disease for which effective therapeutic agents are required. The capacity of curcumin (CUR) to resolve renal inflammation/oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage has been reported, but crosstalk between these effects and the consequence of this crosstalk remain elusive. In this study, a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury model and an ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced mouse AKI model were treated with CUR with or without mitochondrial inhibitors (rotenone and FCCP) or siRNA targeting mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Changes in mitochondrial function, inflammation, the antioxidant system and related pathways were analysed. In vitro, CUR suppressed NFκB activation and cytokine production and induced NRF2/HO-1 signalling in TECs under H/R conditions. CUR treatment also reduced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and mitochondrial fragmentation and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, TCA cycle activity and ATP synthesis in damaged TECs. However, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CUR in damaged TECs were markedly abolished upon mitochondrial disruption. In vivo, CUR treatment improved renal function and antioxidant protein (NRF2 and SOD2) expression and reduced oxidative stress (8-OHdG), tubular apoptosis/death, cytokine release/macrophage infiltration and mitochondrial damage in the kidneys of AKI mice. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CUR in damaged kidneys were impaired when mitochondrial function was disrupted. These results suggest mitochondrial damage is a driving factor of renal inflammation and redox imbalance. The therapeutic capacity of CUR in kidneys with AKI is primarily dependent on mitochondrial mechanisms; thus, CUR is a potential therapy for various diseases characterized by mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Lou
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Impact of Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity on the Mechanisms of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Development in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081052. [PMID: 34440256 PMCID: PMC8391363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To unravel associations between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and diabetic vascular complications, especially distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP), we investigated plasma XOR activities using a novel assay. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with available nerve conduction study (NCS) data were analyzed. None were currently taking XOR inhibitors. XOR activity of fasting blood samples was assayed using a stable isotope-labeled substrate and LC-TQMS. JMP Clinical version 5.0. was used for analysis. We analyzed 54 patients. Mean age was 64.7 years, mean body mass index was 26.0 kg/m2, and mean glycated hemoglobin was 9.4%. The logarithmically transformed plasma XOR activity (ln-XOR) correlated positively with hypoxanthine, xanthine, visceral fatty area, and liver dysfunction but negatively with HDL cholesterol. ln-XOR correlated negatively with diabetes duration and maximum intima-media thickness. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed ln-XOR to be among selected explanatory factors for various NCS parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed the discriminatory power of ln-XOR. Principal component analysis revealed a negative relationship of ln-XOR with F-waves as well as positive relationships of ln-XOR with hepatic steatosis and obesity-related disorders. Taken together, our results show plasma XOR activity to be among potential disease status predictors in T2DM patients. Plasma XOR activity measurements might reliably detect pre-symptomatic DSP.
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26
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Roointan A, Gheisari Y, Hudkins KL, Gholaminejad A. Non-invasive metabolic biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy: Meta-analysis of profiling metabolomics studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2253-2272. [PMID: 34059383 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the worst complications of diabetes. Despite a growing number of DN metabolite profiling studies, most studies are suffering from inconsistency in their findings. The main goal of this meta-analysis was to reach to a consensus panel of significantly dysregulated metabolites as potential biomarkers in DN. DATA SYNTHESIS To identify the significant dysregulated metabolites, meta-analysis was performed by "vote-counting rank" and "robust rank aggregation" strategies. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the most affected genes and pathways. Among 44 selected studies consisting of 98 metabolite profiles, 17 metabolites (9 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated metabolites), were identified as significant ones by both the meta-analysis strategies (p-value<0.05 and OR>2 or <0.5) and selected as DN metabolite meta-signature. Furthermore, enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of various effective biological pathways in DN pathogenesis, such as urea cycle, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolisms. Finally, by performing a meta-analysis over existing time-course studies in DN, the results indicated that lactic acid, hippuric acid, allantoin (in urine), and glutamine (in blood), are the topmost non-invasive early diagnostic biomarkers. CONCLUSION The identified metabolites are potentially involved in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis and could be considered as biomarkers or drug targets in the disease. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020197697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Roointan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kelly L Hudkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, United States
| | - Alieh Gholaminejad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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27
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Yang M, Li C, Yang S, Xiao Y, Chen W, Gao P, Jiang N, Xiong S, Wei L, Zhang Q, Yang J, Zeng L, Sun L. Mitophagy: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating DN. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2717-2728. [PMID: 33023427 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201006152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Tubular damage is an early change and characteristic of DN, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of DN. Therefore, the timely removal of damaged mitochondria in tubular cells is an effective treatment strategy for DN. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that ensures the timely elimination of damaged mitochondria to protect cells from oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic disorders in tubular cells in DN and the molecular mechanism of mitophagy. Finally, the role of mitophagy in DN and its feasibility as a therapeutic target for DN are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen XC, Li ZH, Yang C, Tang JX, Lan HY, Liu HF. Lysosome Depletion-Triggered Autophagy Impairment in Progressive Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:254-267. [PMID: 34395541 DOI: 10.1159/000515035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular recycling process involving the destruction of damaged organelles and proteins in intracellular lysosomes for efficient nutrient reuse. Summary Impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway is tightly associated with multiple kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, proteinuric kidney disease, acute kidney injury, crystalline nephropathy, and drug- and heavy metal-induced renal injury. The impairment in the process of autophagic clearance may induce injury in renal intrinsic cells by activating the inflammasome, inducing cell cycle arrest, and cell death. The lysosome depletion may be a key mechanism triggering this process. In this review, we discuss this pathway and summarize the protective mechanisms for restoration of lysosome function and autophagic flux via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, lysophagy, and transcription factor EB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. Key Message Further exploring mechanisms of ESCRT, lysophagy, and lysosome biogenesis may provide novel therapy strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Lv N, Ma K, Li R, Liang P, Liang P, Gao X. Sublethal and lethal effects of the imidacloprid on the metabolic characteristics based on high-throughput non-targeted metabolomics in Aphis gossypii Glover. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111969. [PMID: 33561773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal effect considered as an emerging factor to assess the environmental risk of insecticides, which can impact the insects on both physiology and behavior. Lethal exposure can be causing near immediate mortality. Pests are inevitably exposed to sublethal and lethal dose in the agroecosystem following application of pesticides. Insecticides, widely used for the control of insect pests, are irreplaceable in insect pest management. The effects of imidacloprid by the method of high-throughput non-targeted metabolomics was investigated in Aphis gossypii Glover exposed to LC10 and LC90 doses of the imidacloprid, and the control group was treated with the same condition without imidacloprid. Pairwise comparisons showed that 111 metabolites changed significantly, 60 in the LC10 group, and 66 in the LC90 group compared to the control group, while only 16 changes in the LC10 were same with that in LC90 group. Among the changed metabolites, a total of 16 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers, which represented the most influential pathways including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, caffeine metabolism and parkinson's disease (PD), which could account for the sublethal and lethal effects on A. gossypii. These modified metabolic pathways demonstrated that high energy consumption, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress (OS) were appeared in both LC10 and LC90 groups, while PD was detected only in the LC90 group. The results of non-targeted metabolomics revealed the effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on A. gossypii successfully, and provided a deep insight into the influenced physiology by the stress of neonicotinoid pesticide in the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lv
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ren Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuo Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang X, Tang X, Yang Y, Sun Z, Ma W, Tong X, Wang C, Zhang X. Responses of the reproduction, population growth and metabolome of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to tributyl phosphate (TnBP). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116462. [PMID: 33497947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The typical alkyl organophosphorus flame retardant tributyl phosphate (TnBP) can leak from common products into the marine environment, with potential negative effects on marine organisms. However, risk assessments for TnBP regarding zooplankton are lacking. In this study, a marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was used to analyze the effect of TnBP (0.1 μg/L, environmental concentration; 1 and 6 mg/L) on reproduction, population growth, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and metabolomics. Mortality increased as the TnBP concentration rose; the 24-h LC50 value was 12.45 mg/L. All tested TnBP concentrations inhibited B. plicatilis population growth, with reproductive toxicity at the higher levels. Microstructural imaging showed ovary injury, the direct cause of reproductive toxicity. Despite elevated glutathione reductase activities, levels of reactive oxygen species and malonyldialdehyde increased under TnBP stress, indicating oxidative imbalance. TnBP induced mitochondrial malformation and activity suppression; the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine alleviated this inhibition, suggesting an internal connection. Nontargeted metabolomics revealed 398 and 583 differentially expressed metabolites in the 0.1 μg/L and 6 mg/L treatments relative to control, respectively, which were enriched in the pathways such as biosynthesis of amino acids, purine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. According to metabolic pathway analysis, oxidative stress from purine degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed lipid metabolism and elevated protein synthesis were jointly responsible for reproduction and population growth changes. This study echoes the results previously found in rotifer on trade-off among different life processes in response to environmental stress. Our systematic study uncovers the TnBP toxic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenqian Ma
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Zhu H, Fang Z, Chen J, Yang Y, Gan J, Luo L, Zhan X. PARP-1 and SIRT-1 are Interacted in Diabetic Nephropathy by Activating AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:355-366. [PMID: 33531822 PMCID: PMC7846827 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s291314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aims to investigate whether exists an interplay between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) in DN via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. METHODS Eight-week-old male obese leptin-resistant (db/db) mice and nondiabetic control male C57BLKs/J (db/m) mice were used in this study. Body weight and blood glucose were evaluated after 6 h of fasting, which continues for 4 weeks. The kidney tissues were dissected for Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) assay. Besides, PARP activity assay, MTT assay, NAD+ qualification, Western blot and IF were also performed to detect the level and relation of PARP-1 and SIRT-1 in mouse mesangial cells (MCs) with or without high glucose followed by inhibiting or elevating PARP-1 and SIRT-1, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting shows PARP-1 and ECM marker fibronectin (FN) are upregulated while SIRT-1 is downregulated in db/db mice (p<0.05) or in mouse MCs with high glucose (p<0.05), which are significantly restored by PARP-1 inhibitor (PJ34) (p<0.05) and SIRT-1 lentiviral transfected treatment (p<0.05), or worsened by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527 (p<0.05). PJ34 treatment (p < 0.05) or SIRT-1 overexpression (p < 0.05) could increase PGC-1α and p-AMPK levels, concomitant with down expression of FN, however, were reversed in the presence of EX527 (p<0.05). DISCUSSION Our results suggest an important relationship between PARP-1 and SIRT-1 through AMPK-PGC-1α pathway, indicating a potential therapeutic method for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengmei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Gan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou341000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liang Luo Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou341000, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +8613807979503 Email
| | - Xiaojiang Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
- Xiaojiang Zhan Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +8613507919885 Email
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Kostic S, Hauke T, Ghahramani N, Filipovic N, Vukojevic K. Expression pattern of apoptosis-inducing factor in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151655. [PMID: 33171392 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is believed that tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and atrophy in diabetic patients are directly associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease, CKD. AIF is one of the crucial factors responsible for mitochondrial apoptosis, however, it can also promote cell survival independently from its role in apoptosis, and therefore can be potentially used as a tool in prevention of the onset of CKD in diabetic patients. Our aim was to investigate the significance of AIF expression in the development of CKD by observing the expression of AIF in 2 weeks' and 2 months' kidneys of diabetic rats compared to their controls. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (model of type 1 diabetes mellitus; DM group) or citrate buffer (control). After 2 weeks and 2 months kidney samples were collected and analysed in different renal areas. RESULTS Characteristic morphologic changes were found between the 2 months' control and 2 months' diabetic groups. Those changes, including fibrosis and possible replacement of podocytes with connective tissue were mainly present in the glomeruli. AIF expression was seen in the both cortex, and in the collecting ducts of the medulla. Strong intensity of AIF expression was seen in proximal and distal convoluted tubules in both diabetic groups. In the control groups the glomeruli showed no AIF staining but moderate staining was seen in both diabetic groups. Overall, the percentage of AIF positive cells in the glomeruli was the lowest. The greatest rise in cell positivity was displayed from the 2 weeks' control group to 2 weeks' diabetes group (38 %) in glomeruli. The cell positivity of the 2 weeks' diabetic group is significantly reduced to 18 % in the 2 months' diabetic group in glomeruli. A similar pattern was seen in the proximal tubular cells (92 % positivity 2 weeks diabetic groups; 89 % positivity 2 months diabetic groups), as well as in the distal tubules. The highest percentage of AIF positive cells was seen in the collecting ducts, more than 80 % in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insight into AIF expression pattern during short term diabetes model, confirming possible dual role of AIF, not only in apoptosis but also in cell function and homeostasis, and proving AIF as potential therapeutic target and marker of advancement of CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Inducing Factor/genetics
- Apoptosis Inducing Factor/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism
- Glomerular Mesangium/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Distal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Distal/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Male
- Nephritis, Interstitial/genetics
- Nephritis, Interstitial/metabolism
- Nephritis, Interstitial/pathology
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kostic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Tim Hauke
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Nasrollah Ghahramani
- Penn State College of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
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Yang C, Chen XC, Li ZH, Wu HL, Jing KP, Huang XR, Ye L, Wei B, Lan HY, Liu HF. SMAD3 promotes autophagy dysregulation by triggering lysosome depletion in tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy 2020; 17:2325-2344. [PMID: 33043774 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1824694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy dysregulation has been noted in diabetic nephropathy; however, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain unclear. In this study, we showed that SMAD3 (SMAD family member 3), the key effector of TGFB (transforming growth factor beta)-SMAD signaling, induces lysosome depletion via the inhibition of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis. The pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of SMAD3 restored lysosome biogenesis activity by alleviating the suppression of TFEB, thereby protecting lysosomes from depletion and improving autophagic flux in renal tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, we found that SMAD3 directly binds to the 3'-UTR of TFEB and inhibits its transcription. Silencing TFEB suppressed lysosome biogenesis and resulted in a loss of the protective effects of SMAD3 inactivation on lysosome depletion under diabetic conditions. In conclusion, SMAD3 promotes lysosome depletion via the inhibition of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis; this may be an important mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; CTSB: cathepsin B; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-BSA: control bovine serum albumin; DN: diabetic nephropathy; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FN1: fibronectin 1; HAVCR1/TIM1/KIM-1: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosome membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NC: negative control; SIS3: specific inhibitor of SMAD3; SMAD3: SMAD family member 3; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TECs: tubular epithelial cells; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFB1: transforming growth factor beta 1; TGFBR1: transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; UTR: untranslated region; VPS11: VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Luan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Peng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Wei
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Itano S, Kadoya H, Satoh M, Nakamura T, Murase T, Sasaki T, Kanwar YS, Kashihara N. Non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor ameliorates glomerular endothelial injury in Ins Akita diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F765-F772. [PMID: 32954851 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00236.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents a predominant early feature of diabetes, rendering patients with diabetes prone to renal complications, e.g., proteinuria. Recent studies have indicated a possible role for xanthine oxidase (XO) in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunctions associated with diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of XO activation on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in a mouse model using selective XO inhibitors. Male Ins2Akita heterozygous mice were used with wild-type mice as controls. Akita mice were treated with topiroxostat (Topi) or vehicle for 4 wk. Serum uric acid levels were significantly reduced in Akita + Topi mice compared with Akita + vehicle mice. The Akita + Topi group had a significant reduction in urinary albumin excretion compared with the Akita + vehicle group. Mesangial expansion, glomerular collagen type IV deposition, and glomerular endothelial injury (assessed by lectin staining and transmission electron microscopy) were considerably reduced in the Akita + topi group compared with the Akita + vehicle group. Furthermore, glomerular permeability was significantly higher in the Akita + vehicle group compared with the wild-type group. These changes were reduced with the administration of Topi. We conclude that XO inhibitors preserve glomerular endothelial functions and rescue compromised glomerular permeability, suggesting that XO activation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Itano
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of General Medicine/Nephrology, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Pharmacological Study Group, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Takayo Murase
- Radioisotope and Chemical Analysis Center, Laboratory Management Department, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mie, Japan
| | - Tamaki Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Naoki Kashihara
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Qi SS, He J, Dong LC, Yuan LP, Wu JL, Zu YX, Zheng HX. Cyanidin-3-glucoside from black rice prevents renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is important for health and disease. Metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, determine vasculature formation. These metabolic pathways have different roles in securing the production of energy and biomass and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in vascular migratory tip cells, proliferating stalk cells, and quiescent phalanx cells, respectively. Emerging evidence demonstrates that perturbation of EC metabolism results in EC dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Here, we summarize recent insights into EC metabolic pathways and their deregulation in vascular diseases. We further discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting EC metabolism in various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; ,
| | - Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; ,
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; , .,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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Artemisinin attenuates early renal damage on diabetic nephropathy rats through suppressing TGF-β1 regulator and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 256:117966. [PMID: 32535079 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of artemisinin (ATZ) on early renal damage in experimental diabetic rats and its probable mechanism. METHODS Models of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats was established utilizing streptozotocin (STZ)-injection intraperitoneally (55 mg/kg) method. All rats were subsequently divided into normal control group, model group and ATZ (25, 50, 75 mg/kg) group randomly. Biochemical parameters including body weight, kidney index, blood glucose, 24 h UAER, Scr, BUN, T-SOD, GSH-Px and MDA were comprehensively determined after 8-week consecutive administrations. HE and PAS stainings were performed to observe the histopathological alterations of kidney. Western blot was conducted to detect the expressions of TGF-β1, Nrf2, HQ-1 and NQO1. KEY FINDINGS ATZ at three concentrations in ATZ group significantly increased the body weight. Biochemical parameters altered significantly between model group and ATZ group. Moreover, ATZ inhibited TGF-β1 protein expression and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pathological histology results revealed the alterations including mesangial cells proliferation, thickness of glomerular capillary basement membrane, extracellular matrix (ECM) and the 24 h UAER. Western blot analysis demonstrated the increase of antioxidant proteins HO-1 and NQO1 and Nrf2-related proteins. SIGNIFICANCE ATZ could reduce early renal oxidative stress damage in DN rats by inhibiting TGF-β1 protein expression in kidney tissues as well as activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhancing the expression of antioxidant proteins, thereby exerting the protective effects on DN kidney. The current study is the first report of ATZ on attenuating effects on kidney of DN rats, which could lay solid theoretical foundations on clinical application of ATZ to treat DN.
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Quesada-Vázquez S, Mariné-Casadó R, Gil Cardoso K, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Baselga-Escudero L. Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment. Nutrients 2020; 12:E806. [PMID: 32197513 PMCID: PMC7146483 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease developed due to accumulation and chronification of several risk factors associated with disrupted metabolism. The early detection of the biomarkers by NMR spectroscopy could be helpful to prevent multifactorial diseases. The exposure of each risk factor can be detected by traditional molecular markers but the current biomarkers have not been enough precise to detect the primary stages of disease. Thus, there is a need to obtain novel molecular markers of pre-disease stages. A promising source of new molecular markers are metabolomics standing out the research of biomarkers in NMR approaches. An increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study design, making nutrimetabolomics one of the most promising avenues for improving personalized nutrition. This review highlight the major five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and related diseases including carbohydrate dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, it is proposed a profile of metabolites of each risk factor obtained from NMR approaches to target them using personalized nutrition, which will improve the quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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Malik N, Khatkar A, Dhiman P. Computational Analysis and Synthesis of Syringic Acid Derivatives as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. Med Chem 2019; 16:643-653. [PMID: 31584375 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666191004134346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthine oxidase (XO; EC 1.17.3.2) has been considered as a potent drug target for the cure and management of pathological conditions prevailing due to high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. The role of xanthine oxidase has been well established in the generation of hyperuricemia and gout due to its important role in catalytic oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and further catalyses of xanthine to generate uric acid. In this research, syringic acid, a bioactive phenolic acid was explored to determine the capability of itself and its derivatives to inhibit xanthine oxidase. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop new xanthine oxidase inhibitors from natural constituents along with the antioxidant potential. METHODS In this report, we designed and synthesized syringic acid derivatives hybridized with alcohol and amines to form ester and amide linkage with the help of molecular docking. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. RESULTS Results of the study revealed that SY3 produces very good xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. All the compounds showed very good antioxidant activity. The enzyme kinetic studies performed on syringic acid derivatives showed a potential inhibitory effect on XO ability in a competitive manner with IC50 value ranging from 07.18μM-15.60μM and SY3 was revealed as the most active derivative. Molecular simulation revealed that new syringic acid derivatives interacted with the amino acid residues SER1080, PHE798, GLN1194, ARG912, GLN 767, ALA1078 and MET1038 positioned inside the binding site of XO. Results of antioxidant activity revealed that all the derivatives showed very good antioxidant potential. CONCLUSION Molecular docking proved to be an effective and selective tool in the design of new syringic acid derivatives .This hybridization of two natural constituents could lead to desirable xanthine oxidase inhibitors with improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Kimura Y, Kuno A, Tanno M, Sato T, Ohno K, Shibata S, Nakata K, Sugawara H, Abe K, Igaki Y, Yano T, Miki T, Miura T. Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, normalizes renal susceptibility to type 1 cardiorenal syndrome through reduction of renal oxidative stress in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:933-946. [PMID: 30663266 PMCID: PMC6626958 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of acute kidney injury after myocardial infarction (MI), a form of cardiorenal syndrome. Recent clinical trials have shown that a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor improved both cardiac and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but effects of an SGLT2 inhibitor on cardiorenal syndrome remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats [OLETF]) and control (Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats [LETO]) were treated with canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, for 2 weeks. Renal tissues were analyzed at 12 h after MI with or without preoperative fasting. RESULTS Canagliflozin reduced blood glucose levels in OLETF, and blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels were increased by canagliflozin only with fasting. MI increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 protein levels in the kidney by 3.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively, in OLETF, but not in LETO. The renal messenger ribonucleic acid level of Toll-like receptor 4 was higher in OLETF than in LETO after MI, whereas messenger ribonucleic acid levels of cytokines/chemokines were not significantly different. Levels of lipid peroxides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4 proteins after MI were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO. Canagliflozin with pre-MI fasting suppressed MI-induced renal expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 in OLETF, together with reductions in lipid peroxides and NOX proteins in the kidney. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels before MI were inversely correlated with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein levels in OLETF. Pre-incubation with β-hydroxybutyrate attenuated angiotensin II-induced upregulation of NOX4 in NRK-52E cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor treatment with a fasting period protects kidneys from MI-induced cardiorenal syndrome, possibly by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated reduction of NOXs and oxidative stress, in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukishige Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
- Department of PharmacologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal TransductionSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kouhei Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Satoru Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kei Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hirohito Sugawara
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yusuke Igaki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
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Lin HT, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Lin G, Lin SF, Yeh JT, Ho HY, Lin JR, Liu FC. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Metabolomic Analysis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Risk Prediction for Diabetic Microangiopathy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060874. [PMID: 31248127 PMCID: PMC6616639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and metabolic derangement are present in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the metabolomic signature of T2DM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been investigated thus far. In this prospective metabolomic study, fasting CSF and plasma samples from 40 T2DM patients to 36 control subjects undergoing elective surgery with spinal anesthesia were analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectra of CSF and plasma metabolites were analyzed and correlated with the presence of T2DM and diabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) using an area under the curve (AUC) estimation. CSF metabolomic profiles in T2DM patients vs. controls revealed significantly increased levels of alanine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, lactate, pyruvate, and decreased levels of histidine. In addition, a combination of alanine, histidine, leucine, pyruvate, tyrosine, and valine in CSF showed a superior correlation with the presence of T2DM (AUC:0.951), diabetic retinopathy (AUC:0.858), nephropathy (AUC:0.811), and neuropathy (AUC:0.691). Similar correlations also appeared in plasma profiling. These metabolic alterations in CSF suggest decreasing aerobic metabolism and increasing anaerobic glycolysis in cerebral circulation of patients with T2DM. In conclusion, our results provide clues for the metabolic derangements in diabetic central neuropathy among T2DM patients; however, their clinical significance requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-Ting Yeh
- Division of Trauma, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jr-Rung Lin
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Meprin β metalloproteases associated with differential metabolite profiles in the plasma and urine of mice with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:141. [PMID: 31023251 PMCID: PMC6485094 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meprin metalloproteases are abundantly expressed in the brush border membranes of kidney proximal tubules and small intestines. Meprins are also expressed in podocytes and leukocytes (monocytes and macrophages). Meprins are implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Single nucleotide polymophisms (SNPs) in the meprin β gene were associated with DKD in human subjects. Furthermore, meprin α and β double deficiency resulted in more severe kidney injury and higher mortality rates in mice with Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. Identification of meprin substrates has provided insights on how meprins could modulate kidney injury. Meprin targets in the kidney include extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, modulators of inflammation, and proteins involved in the protein kinase A (PKA) and PKC signaling pathways. The current study used a global metabolomics approach to determine how meprin β expression impacts the metabolite milieu in diabetes and DKD. Methods Low dose STZ was used to induce type 1 diabetes in 8-week old wild-type (WT) and meprin β knockout (βKO) mice. Blood and urine samples were obtained at 4 and 8 weeks post-STZ injection. Assays for albumin, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule − 1 (KIM-1), and cystatin C were used for biochemical assessment of kidney injury. Data for biomarkers of kidney injury utilized two-way ANOVA. Metabolomics data analysis utilized UPLC-QTOF MS and multivariate statistics. Results The number of metabolites with diabetes-associated changes in levels were significantly higher in the WT mice when compared to meprin βKO counterparts. Annotated meprin β expression-associated metabolites with strong variable importance in projection (VIP) scores play roles in lipid metabolism (LysoPC(16:1(9Z)), taurocholic acid), amino acid metabolism (indoxyl sulfate, hippuric acid), and neurotransmitter/stress hormone synthesis (cortisol, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycolsulfate, homovanillic acid sulfate). Metabolites that associated with meprin β deficiency include; 3,5-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone 3-glucuronide, pantothenic acid, and indoxyl glucuronide (all decreased in plasma). Conclusion Taken together, the annotated metabolites suggest that meprin β impacts complications of diabetes such as DKD by altering distinct metabolite profiles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1313-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Metabolomic analysis reveals a protective effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao herbal granules on oxalate-induced kidney injury. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181833. [PMID: 30737304 PMCID: PMC6386768 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is one of the world’s major public health burdens with a high incidence and a risk of persistent renal dysfunction. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Chao granules (FFJQC), a traditional Chinese herb formula, is commonly used in treatment of nephrolithiasis. However, the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney stone has still been a mystery. The objective of the present study is to explore the therapeutic mechanism of FFJQC on kidney injury and identify unique metabolomics patterns using a mouse model of kidney stone induced by a calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition. Von Kossa staining and immuno-histopathological staining of osteopontin (OPN), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and calbindin-D28k were conducted on renal sections. Biochemical analysis was performed on serum, urine, and kidney tissues. A metabolomics approach based on ultra-HPLC coupled with quadrupole-TOF-MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used for serum metabolic profiling. The immunohistopathological and biochemical analysis showed the therapeutic benefits of FFJQC. The expression levels of OPN and CD44 were decreased while calbindin-D28k increased after the CaOx injured mice were treated with FFJQC. In addition, total of 81 serum metabolites were identified to be associated with protective effects of FFJQC on CaOx crystal injured mice. Most of these metabolites were involved in purine, amino acid, membrane lipid and energy metabolism. Potential metabolite biomarkers were found for CaOx crystal-induced renal damage. Potential metabolite biomarkers of CaOx crystal-induced renal damage were found. FFJQC shows therapeutic benefits on CaOx crystal injured mice via regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including amino acids, purine, pyrimidine, glycerolipid, arachidonic acid (AA), sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and fatty acid.
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45
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. A review of the molecular mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced free radical generation leading to oxidative stress. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:1300-1312. [PMID: 30146696 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is growing worldwide with an increasing morbidity and mortality associated with the development of diabetes complications. Free radical production is a normal biological process that is strictly controlled and has been shown to be important in normal cellular homeostasis, and in the bodies response to pathogens. However, there are several mechanisms leading to excessive free radical production that overcome the normal protective quenching mechanisms. Studies have shown that many of the diabetes complications result from excessive free radical generation and oxidative stress, and it has been shown that chronic hyperglycemia is a potent inducer for free radical production, generated through several pathways and triggering multiple molecular mechanisms. An understanding of these processes may help us to improving our preventive or therapeutic strategies. In this review, the major molecular pathways involved in free radical generation induced by hyperglycemia are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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46
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Liu J, Hanavan PD, Kras K, Ruiz YW, Castle EP, Lake DF, Chen X, O’Brien D, Luo H, Robertson KD, Gu H, Ho TH. Loss of SETD2 Induces a Metabolic Switch in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines toward Enhanced Oxidative Phosphorylation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:331-340. [PMID: 30406665 PMCID: PMC6465098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SETD2, a histone H3 lysine trimethyltransferase, is frequently inactivated and associated with recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the impact of SETD2 loss on metabolic alterations in ccRCC is still unclear. In this study, SETD2 null isogenic 38E/38F clones derived from 786-O cells were generated by zinc finger nucleases, and subsequent metabolic, genomic, and cellular phenotypic changes were analyzed by targeted metabolomics, RNA sequencing, and biological methods, respectively. Our results showed that compared with parental 786-O cells, 38E/38F cells had elevated levels of MTT/Alamar blue levels, ATP, glycolytic/mitochondrial respiratory capacity, citrate synthase (CS) activity, and TCA metabolites such as aspartate, malate, succinate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate. The 38E/38F cells also utilized alternative sources beyond pyruvate to generate acetyl-CoA for the TCA cycle. Moreover, 38E/38F cells showed disturbed gene networks mainly related to mitochondrial metabolism and the oxidation of fatty acids and glucose, which was associated with increased PGC1α, mitochondrial mass, and cellular size/complexity. Our results indicate that SETD2 deficiency induces a metabolic switch toward enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in ccRCC, which can be related to PGC1α-mediated metabolic networks. Therefore, this current study lays the foundation for the further development of a global metabolic analysis of cancer cells in individual patients, which ultimately will have significant potential for the discovery of novel therapeutics and precision medicine in SETD2-inactivated ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Paul D. Hanavan
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Katon Kras
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Yvette W. Ruiz
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Erik P. Castle
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas F. Lake
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Huijun Luo
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Keith D. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School for Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Thai H. Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhang J, Guo H, Shi Y, Cheng X, Tang X, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction reduces hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed mice by promoting H2S production. Food Funct 2019; 10:61-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction reduces hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed mice by promoting H2S production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Yanan Wang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Luo T, Ge Y, Jiang Y, Shi Y, Sun J, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction improves the gut microbiota and reduces intestinal permeability and inflammation in high-fat-fed mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:5952-5968. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction improved the intestinal microbiota composition, barrier function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in high-fat-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- College of Grain and Food Science
| | - Yuanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yueting Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yuge Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
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He J, Gao HX, Yang N, Zhu XD, Sun RB, Xie Y, Zeng CH, Zhang JW, Wang JK, Ding F, Aa JY, Wang GJ. The aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat exerts nephritic protection on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice through metabolic modulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:86-97. [PMID: 29930278 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epalrestat is an inhibitor of aldose reductase in the polyol pathway and is used for the management of diabetic neuropathy clinically. Our pilot experiments and accumulated evidences showed that epalrestat inhibited polyol pathway and reduced sorbitol production, and suggested the potential renal protection effects of epalrestat on diabetic nephropathy (DN). To evaluate the protective effect of epalrestat, the db/db mice were used and exposed to epalrestat for 8 weeks, both the physiopathological condition and function of kidney were examined. For the first time, we showed that epalrestat markedly reduced albuminuria and alleviated the podocyte foot process fusion and interstitial fibrosis of db/db mice. Metabolomics was employed, and metabolites in the plasma, renal cortex, and urine were profiled using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomic platform. We observed an elevation of sorbitol and fructose, and a decrease of myo-inositol in the renal cortex of db/db mice. Epalrestat reversed the renal accumulation of the polyol pathway metabolites of sorbitol and fructose, and increased myo-inositol level. Moreover, the upregulation of aldose reductase, fibronectin, collagen III, and TGF-β1 in renal cortex of db/db mice was downregulated by epalrestat. The data suggested that epalrestat has protective effects on DN, and the inhibition of aldose reductase and the modulation of polyol pathway in nephritic cells be a potentially therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Salvia miltiorrhiza protects against diabetic nephropathy through metabolome regulation and wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:26-40. [PMID: 30395946 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes that is caused by uncontrolled high blood sugar. It has been reported that Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) possesses the ability to prevent kidney damage, although the mechanisms remain unclear. The study was to investigate whether and how SM improved DN injury via regulation of metabolome and the molecular mechanisms. In this study, SD rats were fed a high glucose / high fat diet accompanied by 0.5% glucose water. Three weeks later, the rats were given one intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg STZ each day for three days for DN model. The biochemical indicators and metabolomics of plasma, urine and renal tissue were analyzed. Then the western blotting analysis of renal tissue and glomerular mesangial cells were investigated. The results showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts improved the renal injury and regulation of abnormal glycolipid metabolism. The metabolites in serum, urine and renal tissues have been changed significantly. The involved metabolic pathways mainly include phospholipid, arachidonic acid, and pyrimidine metabolisms. Meanwhile, SM inhibited the relative expression levels of wnt4, β-catenin and TGF-β in renal tissue and high-glucose induced glomerular mesangial cells.
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