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Ma Y, Saito Y, Ta TKO, Li Y, Yao Q, Yang C, Nguyen VL, Gugliotta M, Wang Z, Chen L. Distribution of organophosphate esters influenced by human activities and fluvial-tidal interactions in the Dong Nai River System, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152649. [PMID: 34953834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is known about organophosphate esters (OPEs) in sediments of the Dong Nai River System (DNRS) in Vietnam and the influences of complex hydro-sedimentary dynamics on their fate. In this study, 48 surface sediment samples were collected from the Dong Nai-Soai Rap River and its tributary Vam Co River for the determination of 11 target OPEs, together with grain size and total organic carbon (TOC). The total concentrations of OPEs were in the range of 39.4 ng/g dw-373 ng/g dw (mean: 128 ng/g dw), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the predominant one with an average contribution of 81%, followed by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP). The composition profiles of OPEs at different locations of the DNRS showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). In addition, the distribution of OPEs had been influenced by both human activities and the fluvial-tidal interactions. The highly frequent and various human activities in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) leaded to the highest total concentration of OPEs in the midstream site. Based on our dataset, TOC content and grain size of sediments had significant correlation with certain OPEs (p < 0.05), and sediments with higher TOC content and finer grain size in the DNRS were more likely to be deposited in the downstream reach, contributing to the estuary of the DNRS was identified as another hotspot with the second highest concentration of OPEs. Furthermore, the distribution of OPEs in the transects had distinct characteristics, which reflected the joint influence of the human activities and fluvial-tidal interaction as well. However, the mechanism of their influence needed further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yoshiki Saito
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, Matsue 6908504, Japan; Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Ta
- HCMC Institute of Resources Geography, VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Qinglu Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Van Lap Nguyen
- HCMC Institute of Resources Geography, VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Marcello Gugliotta
- Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; MARUM, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhanghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Marziali L, Guzzella L, Salerno F, Marchetto A, Valsecchi L, Tasselli S, Roscioli C, Schiavon A. Twenty-year sediment contamination trends in some tributaries of Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy): relation with anthropogenic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38193-38208. [PMID: 33728603 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lake tributaries collect contaminants from the watershed, which may accumulate in lake sediments over time and may be removed through the outlets. DDx, PCB, PAH, PBDE, and trace element (Hg, As, Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb) contamination was analyzed over 2001-2018 period in sediments of the 5 main tributaries and of the outlet of Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy). Sediment cores were collected in two points of the lake, covering 1995-2017 period. Concentrations were compared to Sediment Quality Guidelines (PECs), potential sources and drivers (land use, population numbers, industrial activities, hydrology) were analyzed, and temporal trends were calculated (Mann-Kendall test). PCB, PBDE, Pb, Cd, and Hg contamination derives mainly from heavy urbanization and industry. Cu and Pb show a temporal decreasing trend in the basin, likely as result of improved wastewater treatments and change in use. A recent PAH increase in the whole lake may derive from a single point source. A legacy DDx and Hg industrial pollution is still present, due to high persistence in sediments. Values of DDx, Hg, Pb, and Cu above the PECs in lake sediments and/or in the outlet show potential risk for aquatic organisms. Results highlight the key role of tributaries in driving contamination from the watershed to the lake through sediment transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marziali
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Licia Guzzella
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Franco Salerno
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Aldo Marchetto
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Corso Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, VB, Italy
| | - Lucia Valsecchi
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Stefano Tasselli
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Alfredo Schiavon
- National Research Council - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
- Department of Ecohydrology, IGB Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
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Hoang AQ, Takahashi S, Da Le N, Duong TT, Huong Pham TM, Mai Pham TN, Huong Nguyen TA, Tran TM, Tu MB, Quynh Le TP. Comprehensive determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in surface sediment samples from Hanoi urban area, Vietnam: Contamination status, accumulation profiles, and potential ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111158. [PMID: 33887272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive and updated information about polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in surface sediments from Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, is rather scarce. In this study, concentrations and profiles of 209 PCBs, 41 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were determined in sediment samples collected from the Red River and some inner-city rivers of Hanoi. Concentrations (ng/g dry weight, median and range) of pollutants decreased in the order: DBDPE (28; not detected ND - 59) ≈ PCBs (27; 1.7-50) > PBDEs (23; 0.20-61) > HBCD (1.2; ND - 5.2) > BTBPE (0.46; ND - 3.6) > BB-153 (0.004; ND - 0.014) > PBEB (ND). Pollutant levels in the inner-city river sediments were about one to two orders of magnitude higher than those measured in the Red River main stream sediments. Tri-to hexa-CBs are major homologs but detailed profiles vary between individual samples, reflecting source and/or seasonal variations. CB-11 and CB-209 were found at higher proportions in sediments than in technical PCB mixtures, suggesting their novel sources from pigments. Deca-BDE and DBDPE are the most predominant BFRs with an increasing trend predicted for DBDPE. A preliminary ecological risk assessment was conducted for these pollutants in sediments. Total PCBs and deca-BDE in a few inner-city river sediments may exhibit adverse effects on benthic organisms, but no serious risk was estimated in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Quoc Hoang
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nhu Da Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Thi Ngoc Mai Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Anh Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam.
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Nguyen TX, Nguyen BT, Tran HTT, Mai H, Duong TT, Bach QV. Seasonal, Spatial Variation, and Potential Sources of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Sediment in the Lower Reaches of the Dong Nai River System in Vietnam. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:514-526. [PMID: 31297565 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the current study were (1) to examine seasonal and spatial variation of selected OCPs concentrations and (2) to identify potential sources of the pollutants in the lower reaches of the Dong Nai River system. Forty-eight water and sediment samples were taken from 12 stations in the dry and rainy seasons to determine the concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (total DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (total HCHs), heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin. The concentrations of total DDTs (0.30), total HCHs (0.29), Aldrin (0.068), heptachlor (0.04, µg L-1) in water, and total DDTs (8.04), total HCHs (4.51), and Aldrin (1.52, µg kg-1) in sediment were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (0.14, 0.12, 0.008, 0.009 in water and 3.49, 2.29, and 0.4 in sediment, respectively). Cluster analysis grouped 12 sampling stations into 2 groups, of which group 1 (3 stations) had higher concentrations of total DDTs, total HCHs, Aldrin, heptachlor, and dieldrin in both water and sediment than in group 2. Compositional analysis of total DDTs revealed that DDT residue could be decomposed significantly for the past years and that anaerobic decomposition could be predominant. Principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) indicated that the potential sources of OCPs in the study stations could come from residential and agricultural areas located in the upper catchment or areas surrounding the studied stations. In short, OCPs concentration in the studies area could depend on seasonal, spatial variation, and transport of OCPs from upper parts or surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xuan Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thu Thi Tran
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No. 18, Vien street, Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Mai
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang-Vu Bach
- Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Minh NH, Tran TM, Hue NTM, Minh TB, Tuyet-Hanh TT. Bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in foodstuffs near Bien Hoa and Da Nang airbases: assessment on sources and distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28852-28859. [PMID: 31385247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this survey, food items were collected from vicinities of Bien Hoa and Da Nang airbase and determined for polychloro-dibenzo-dioxins and polychloro-dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) to assess their accumulation, distribution in the local food items, and risk of PCDD/F exposure through consumption of the local foods. Dioxin compounds were determined using isotope dilution method which is slightly modified from US-EPA method 1613B. The dioxin concentration was the highest in fish followed by eggs, chicken, meat (pork and beef), and vegetables. Particularly, in Bien Hoa airbase, the mean concentrations of dioxin on TEQ and lipid basis (except for vegetables) were 26 pg/g for fish, 13 pg/g for eggs, 20 pg/g for chicken, 4.5 pg/g for meat, and 0.34 pg/g fresh wt for vegetables. In Da Nang airbase, the mean levels of dioxin on TEQ and lipid basis were slightly lower, 12.9 pg/g for fish, 8.7 pg/g for eggs, 5.9 pg/g for chicken, 6.7 pg/g for meat, and 0.17 pg/g for vegetables. It has been interesting to observe that free-range chicken expose to higher level of dioxin than caged chicken. In some free-range chicken, the portion of 2,3,7,8-TCDD was relatively high and implying recent exposure to dioxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hung Minh
- Northern Center for Environmental Monitoring (NCEM), Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), No.556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Hue
- Northern Center for Environmental Monitoring (NCEM), Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), No.556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Pham NT, Nishijo M, Pham TT, Tran NN, Le VQ, Tran HA, Phan HAV, Nishino Y, Nishijo H. Perinatal dioxin exposure and neurodevelopment of 2-year-old Vietnamese children in the most contaminated area from Agent Orange in Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:217-226. [PMID: 31075589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bien Hoa airbase is the most contaminated area of dioxin contamination from Agent Orange in Vietnam, but little is known about the neurodevelopmental effects of perinatal dioxin exposure on children living nearby. We recruited 210 mother-newborn resident pairs in 2012 and 78 pairs in 2015 and followed them for 2 years to assess the children's neurodevelopment. As a control group, we used 120 mother-child pairs recruited in 2014 in the Ha Dong district of Ha Noi City, an unexposed area. Perinatal dioxin exposure levels were indicated by levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and toxic equivalency values of polychlorodibenzodioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans, and nonortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (TEQ-PCDD/Fs/noPCBs) in maternal breast milk. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) were used to assess neurodevelopment, and scores in each domain were compared between children with different exposure levels using general linear regression models and stratification by sex. Decreased expressive and composite language scores in boys and gross motor scores in girls were found in children exposed to TCDD ≥ 5.5 (pg/g lipid) compared with children with TCDD < 1.8. However, in matched pair analysis between children with TCDD ≥ 5.5 and <1.8 (pg/g lipid), lower expressive and composite language scores in boys exposed to TCDD ≥ 5.5 were significant, but lower gross motor scores in girls did not reach statistical significance. In addition, significant association was found between levels of PCDD congeners other than TCDD and gross motor scores in boys. These findings suggest that perinatal exposure of TCDD and other PCDD congeners affects development of language and gross motor skills, respectively, in boys at 2 years of age exposed to dioxins originating from Agent Orange in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thao Pham
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Viet Nam
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - The Tai Pham
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Viet Nam
| | | | - Van Quan Le
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Anh Tran
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Viet Nam
| | - Huy Anh Vu Phan
- Department of Health, Dong Nai Prefecture Government, Bien Hoa, Viet Nam
| | | | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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Tham TT, Anh HQ, Trinh LT, Lan VM, Truong NX, Yen NTH, Anh NL, Tri TM, Minh TB. Distributions and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediment from coastal areas of central Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:28-35. [PMID: 31179998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in surface sediment from five estuaries of central coasts of Vietnam to understand the spatial distributions and seasonal variations. The contamination pattern was in the order: PCBs (9.72-3730 ng g-1 dry wt.) > PBDEs (11.8-311 ng g-1 dry wt.) > DDTs (0.462-26.7 ng g-1 dry wt.) > HCHs (0.491-22.6 ng g-1 dry wt.) > endosulfan compounds (0.196-19.4 ng g-1 dry wt.). DDTs and HCHs showed a little geographical variation, whereas PCBs and PBDEs exhibited clearer spatial distribution trend. Elevated concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were detected in some sites in Nghe An and Quang Binh Province, which could be related to the human activities such as tourism, transportation, and domestic consumption. Seasonal variations of DDTs and HCHs were observed, showing higher residues in rainy seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Thi Tham
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Cau Dien, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Le Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Cau Dien, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Vi Mai Lan
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Truong
- Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center, Ministry of Defense, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Lan Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Manh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Nguyen TX, Nguyen BT, Tran HTT, Le TT, Trinh TT, Trinh TT, Tu MB, Cao NDT, Vo HDT. The interactive effect of the season and estuary position on the concentration of persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment from the Cua Dai estuary in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10756-10766. [PMID: 30778945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted in the Cua Dai estuary, Vietnam, (1) to assess the status of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and (2) to examine the interactive effect of season and estuary position on the concentration of the pollutants in surface water and sediment. Fifty-two water and sediment samples were taken in the dry and rainy seasons from inner- and outer-estuary positions to analyze for six POPs, including hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs). The averaged concentrations of the respective POPs in water samples were 0.07, 0.1, 0.01, 0.03, 0.001, and 0.2 μg L-1 and in sediment samples were 2.6, 3.1, 0.9, 0.2, 0.2, and 121 μg kg-1. Of the six POPs examined, the concentration of DDTs in sediment samples and PCBs in water samples was significantly affected by the interactive effect of the two examined factors. The concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, heptachlor, and aldrin in water samples and of HCHs in sediment samples were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Sediment samples collected from the inner position had a significantly higher concentration of HCHs and PCBs than in the outer position. Some mechanisms possibly influenced the varying POP concentration could include (1) greater riverine discharge in the rainy season and (2) the sea dilution effect in the outer position. Therefore, the concentration of the individual examined POPs in water and sediment in the Cua Dai estuary significantly depended on either the season, estuary position, or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xuan Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thu Thi Tran
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No. 18, Vien street, Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Le
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Road, Phu Dien precinct, North-Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Road, Phu Dien precinct, North-Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Road, Phu Dien precinct, North-Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Dan-Thanh Cao
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hien Dieu Thi Vo
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group and Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Str., Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Babut M, Mourier B, Desmet M, Simonnet-Laprade C, Labadie P, Budzinski H, De Alencastro LF, Tu TA, Strady E, Gratiot N. Where has the pollution gone? A survey of organic contaminants in Ho Chi Minh city / Saigon River (Vietnam) bed sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:261-269. [PMID: 30419380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of persistent organic chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some insecticides, as well as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were analyzed in 17 bed sediments collected along the Saigon River and at adjacent canal mouths from upstream to downstream in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Concentrations were rather low for PAHs, as well as for legacy PCBs and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane and metabolites (DDTs), or below detection limits for several PFASs and all PBDEs measured. Several insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and the pyrethroids cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) displayed rather high concentrations at a few sites within the city. There was no distinct upstream - downstream trend for PAHs, (DDTs) or PCBs. Although adjacent canal sediments tended to be more contaminated than Saigon River sediments, the differences were not significant. Emissions are almost certainly substantial for PAHs, and probably also for other contaminants such as PBDEs and some PFASs. During the dry season, contaminants are presumably stored in the city, either in canals or on urban surfaces. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon period carries away contaminated particle flows into the canals and then the Saigon River. The strong tidal influence in the river channel hinders the accumulation of contaminated particles. Contaminated deposits should accordingly be investigated further downstream in depositional environments, such as the mangrove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Babut
- Irstea, RIVERLY Research Unit, Lyon-Villeurbanne Center, 5 rue de la Doua CS 20244, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Brice Mourier
- Université de Lyon, UMR5023 Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 3, rue Maurice Audin, F-69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Marc Desmet
- GéHCO, Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences Parc de Grandmont Avenue Monge, F- 37200, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Luiz F De Alencastro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental laboratory (EPFL IIE GR-CEL), Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tran Anh Tu
- Faculty of Geology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Emilie Strady
- Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; University Grenoble-Alpes, UMR5001 CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, CS 40700, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Gratiot
- Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; University Grenoble-Alpes, UMR5001 CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, CS 40700, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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10
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Ho HTT, Watanabe T. An integrated modelling framework and a modified method for evaluating non-carcinogenic health risks from nonylphenol-contaminated food consumption in Long An, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29433-29450. [PMID: 30128975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed an integrated modelling framework and a modified method for evaluating non-carcinogenic health risks from nonylphenol (NP)-contaminated food consumption. First, a fugacity-based multimedia model and a food web bioaccumulation model were adopted to predict the distribution of NP in the Can Giuoc river and the bioaccumulative concentrations in biota. Next, local people's exposure to NP was quantified using the accumulative concentrations and the data of fishery products intake from a questionnaire survey distributed among 203 local people. Then, human health risk was evaluated in terms of fishery products intake and intake frequency which were each derived from the same survey. The study revealed that human health risk would exist, although the obtained bioaccumulation factors for the consumed organisms were lower than the bioaccumulation criteria. Consuming 141 g or more per serving of riverine food products resulted in an average NP intake exceeding 0.005 mg/kg of body weight per day among 45-73% of the local adults, of whom pregnant women or young and potential mothers accounted for 10-21%. Seventy-nine percent was the highest rate of the population to be at risk under medium river flow rate when food-intake amount and intake frequency were taken into account. Ingesting 70 g per serving of more contaminated species, such as whiteleg shrimp and small fish, less frequently could lead to less risk exposure than ingesting 267 g per serving of less contaminated species, such as sand goby and climbing pearch, more frequently. By coupling food intake with intake frequency, the modified method enables the studying of human health risk from NP-contaminated food consumption to be conducted with more care, and so benefits risk communication at local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Thanh Ho
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami City, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunemi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami City, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan.
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, 2-22 Eikokuji, Kochi City, Kochi, 780-8515, Japan.
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11
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Thanh-Nho N, Strady E, Nhu-Trang TT, David F, Marchand C. Trace metals partitioning between particulate and dissolved phases along a tropical mangrove estuary (Can Gio, Vietnam). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:311-322. [PMID: 29306784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves can be considered as biogeochemical reactors along (sub)tropical coastlines, acting both as sinks or sources for trace metals depending on environmental factors. In this study, we characterized the role of a mangrove estuary, developing downstream a densely populated megacity (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam), on the fate and partitioning of trace metals. Surface water and suspended particulate matter were collected at four sites along the estuarine salinity gradient during 24 h cycling in dry and rainy seasons. Salinity, pH, DO, TSS, POC, DOC, dissolved and particulate Fe, Mn, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Co and Pb were measured. TSS was the main trace metals carrier during their transit in the estuary. However, TSS variations did not explain the whole variability of metals distribution. Mn, Cr and As were highly reactive metals while the other metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Co and Pb) presented stable log KD values along the estuary. Organic matter dynamic appeared to play a key role in metals fractioning. Its decomposition during water transit in the estuary induced metal desorption, especially for Cr and As. Conversely, dissolved Mn concentrations decreased along the estuary, which was suggested to result from Mn oxidative precipitation onto solid phase due to oxidation and pH changes. Extra sources as pore-water release, runoff from adjacent soils, or aquaculture effluents were suggested to be involved in trace metal dynamic in this estuary. In addition, the monsoon increased metal loads, notably dissolved and particulate Fe, Cr, Ni and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh-Nho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; IMPMC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, Noumea, New Caledonia, France.
| | - Emilie Strady
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, F-38000, Grenoble, France; CARE-HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran-Thi Nhu-Trang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Frank David
- Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UNICAEN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), 61 rue Buffon, CP53, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Marchand
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; IMPMC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
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12
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Mai PTN, Van Thuong N, Tham TT, Hoang NK, Anh HQ, Tri TM, Hung LS, Nhung DT, Nam VD, Hue NTM, Huong NTA, Anh DH, Minh NH, Minh TB. Distribution, accumulation profile, and risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment from lake and river systems in Hanoi Metropolitan Area, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7170-7179. [PMID: 26289337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners were determined in surface sediments collected from several rivers and lakes in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, to understand the status of background contamination, accumulation pattern, sources, and toxic implications for benthic organisms. Total PBDE concentrations in all sediment samples ranged from 0.03 to 17.5 ng/g dry weight (mean 1.33 ng/g dry wt). The most predominant congeners were BDE-47 and BDE-99, which comprised 30 and 25 % of total PBDE concentrations, respectively. Results from statistical analysis indicated that the potential sources of PBDEs of sediments in Hanoi may come from penta-BDE and octa-BDE mixtures. Risk quotients of PBDEs in sediments were also calculated for a benthic species, ranged from 2.12 × 10-6 - 1.60 × 10-2, and were markedly lower than threshold value for occurrence of any ecotoxicological risk. This study provides some of the most comprehensive data on the occurrence of PBDEs in sediments from lake and river systems in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Ngoc Mai
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thuong
- Dioxin Laboratory, Center of Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Tham
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, 41A Street K1, Cau Dien, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Khanh Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Manh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Si Hung
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Thi Nhung
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Duc Nam
- Dioxin Laboratory, Center of Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Hue
- Dioxin Laboratory, Center of Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Anh Huong
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Hong Anh
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Dioxin Laboratory, Center of Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, 556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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13
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Kaw HY, Kannan N. A Review on Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in South Asia with a Focus on Malaysia. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 242:153-181. [PMID: 27807635 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaysia is a developing country in Southeast Asia, with rapid industrial and economic growth. Speedy population growth and aggressive consumerism in the past five decades have resulted in environmental pollution issues, including products containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PCBs and PBDEs are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention due to their persistence, bioaccumulation in the environment and toxicity to humans and wildlife. These compounds are known to cause liver dysfunction, thyroid toxicity, developmental neuro-toxicity and possibly cancer. PCBs in air, mussels, pellets, seawater, fresh water, and human breast milk samples were analyzed in Malaysia, while studies on the pollution level of PBDEs in Malaysia were conducted on mussels, soils, leachate and sediment samples. PCBs in breast milk collected from Malaysia was the highest among Asian developing countries, with mean concentration of 80 ng/g lipid weight. On the other hand, the mean concentration of PCBs in mussels collected from Malaysia recorded the second lowest, with 56 ng/g and 89 ng/g lipid weight in two studies respectively. The concentrations of PBDEs in mussels taken from Malaysia fall in the range of 0.84-16 ng/g lipid weight, which is considerably low compared to 104.5 ng/g lipid weight in Philippines and 90.59 ng/g in Korea. Nevertheless, there are limited studies on these compounds in Malaysia, particularly there is no research on PBDEs in breast milk and sediment samples. This review will summarize the contamination levels of PCBs and PBDEs in different samples collected from Asian countries since 1988 until 2010 with a focus on Malaysia and will provide needed information for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yeong Kaw
- Key Laboratory of Nature Resources of Changhai Mountain and Functional Molecular (Yanbian University) Ministry of Education, Jilin, China
| | - Narayanan Kannan
- Institute for Graduate Studies, Taylor's University (Lakeside Campus), No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Strady E, Dang VBH, Némery J, Guédron S, Dinh QT, Denis H, Nguyen PD. Baseline seasonal investigation of nutrients and trace metals in surface waters and sediments along the Saigon River basin impacted by the megacity of Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3226-3243. [PMID: 27726086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Saigon River, Southern Vietnam, crosses one of the most dynamic developing Megacity in Southeast Asia: Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The increased economic, industrial, and domestic developments may affect the environmental quality of water and halieutic resources. In this study, we evaluated the seasonal (dry and wet seasons) biogeochemical state of the Saigon River during two snapshot campaigns conducted along the river basin upstream from HCMC; the Saigon River was characterized by slightly acidic (pH 5.7-7.7) and oxygen-depleted water (dissolved oxygen (DO), 0.36-5.18 mg l-1). Nutrients (N-NH4 = 0.01-2.41, N-NO3 = 0.14-2.72, and P-PO4 = ~0-0.42 mg l-1), DOC (2.2-8.0 mg l-1), POC, and trace metal(oid) (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Hg) concentrations were low showing a good quality of the upstream river. In the urban center area, DO dropped to 0.03 mg l-1 accompanied with a rise of nutrient concentrations (e.g., N-NH4, up to 17.7 mg l-1) likely originating from wastewater discharges. Trace metal concentrations also rose sharply (e.g., Cr and Hg rose up to 10-fold higher) in both water and sediments but remained under the World Health Organization (WHO) and Vietnamese concentration guidelines. In the downstream estuarine area, the intrusion of marine waters diluted water flowing from HCMC, leading water quality to return close to the state observed upstream from HCMC. In general, levels of nutrient and metal contaminations along the Saigon River during both seasons appear moderate regarding to Vietnamese and WHO guidelines although the urban area is highlighted as the major contributor for metal(oid) emissions. Finally, we showed that apart from wastewater and industrial discharges that affect the river quality, metal(oid) partitioning between solid and solution is controlled by the change in water geochemistry along the continuum during both seasons, such as DO (e.g., for As and Cr) and pH (e.g., for Pb) which drives their sorption/dissolution dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Strady
- Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS/IRD, LTHE UMR 5564, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- CARE-HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | | | - Julien Némery
- Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS/IRD, LTHE UMR 5564, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Guédron
- Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS/IRD, LTHE UMR 5564, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Quoc Tuc Dinh
- CARE-HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment, HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hervé Denis
- Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS/IRD, LTHE UMR 5564, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Tri TM, Anh HQ, Tham TT, Van Quy T, Long NQ, Nhung DT, Nakamura M, Nishida M, Maeda Y, Van Boi L, Minh TB. Distribution and depth profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment collected from offshore waters of Central Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 106:341-346. [PMID: 26994835 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were measured in 35 surface sediment samples collected from offshore waters of Central Vietnam. The mean concentrations of PCBs, HCHs, and DDTs in surface sediments were 86.5, 37.0, and 44.5pgg(-1), respectively. Additionally, nine PCDDs, eleven PCDFs, and twelve dl-PCBs were also examined in 19 sediment core samples collected from five locations. Concentration of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs ranged from 200 to 460, 0.39 to 2.9, and 1.6 to 22pgg(-1), respectively. OCDD was detected at the highest concentration, ranged from 100 to 300pgg(-1). Generally, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs at shallower depths were higher, meanwhile the depth profiles of dl-PCBs in sediment cores were different than the depth profiles of PCDD/Fs. The results suggest that the pollution of PCBs might be from many different sources leading to the variation between depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Manh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trinh Thi Tham
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Cau Dien, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Quy
- Faculty of Geology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Quang Long
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Thi Nhung
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Hiyoshi Corporation, 908 Kitanosho, Omihachiman, Shiga 523-8555, Japan
| | - Masayo Nishida
- Hiyoshi Corporation, 908 Kitanosho, Omihachiman, Shiga 523-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Maeda
- Research Organization for University-Community Collaborations, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Luu Van Boi
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wang S, Wei C, Chaemfa C, Li J, Zhang G, Yu K. Seasonal characteristics and current sources of OCPs and PCBs and enantiomeric signatures of chiral OCPs in the atmosphere of Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:777-786. [PMID: 26551278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed concurrently at 15 locations (nine urban sites and six rural sites) in Vietnam and exposed for approximately 6 weeks from June 26, 2012 to August 26, 2012 and from December 8, 2012 to February 8, 2013. The concentration, composition and enantiomeric signatures of the target compound and Air Mass Backward Trajectories of the 15 sampling sites are presented and discussed in this study. Relatively clean air mass from ocean and similar concentrations and composition of POPs between the south and north of Vietnam indicate that local emissions is most likely the major source of POPs in Vietnam. Technical DDT and technical HCH were widely used in Vietnam and corresponding quantitative data suggests the sporadic use. The preferential degradation of (+)-α-HCH was found in all sampling sites, which could be a regional characteristic of Vietnam. High trans-/cis-chlordane (TC/CC) ratios indicate the current use of technical chlordane for termite control. PCA estimated that main source of PCBs present in the atmosphere of Vietnam was uncontrolled discarded e-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chaoshuai Wei
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chakra Chaemfa
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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17
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Duong HT, Kadokami K, Chau HTC, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen TT, Kong L. Groundwater screening for 940 organic micro-pollutants in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19835-19847. [PMID: 26286799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for more than half of the residents of Hanoi (HN). It also provides about one third of the total water demand for residents of Ho Chi Minh City (HCM). However, due to rapid urbanization and frequent discharges of untreated urban wastewater to surface water, freshwater is widely contaminated by man-made chemicals, which may result in groundwater pollution. As part of an ongoing campaign to collect baseline information on the occurrence of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in the aquatic environment in Vietnam, 43 water samples were collected from 26 groundwater wells in HN (22) and HCM (4) in September 2013 and August 2014. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the resulting chromatograms were screened for 940 OMPs by an automated identification and quantification system (AIQS) within a GC-MS database. A total of 74 compounds were detected, with between 4 and 43 (median 18) compounds found at each site. Overall, contamination levels were low, with over 89 % of the detected concentrations that were less than 0.5 μg L(-1). Results suggest that most of the sampled aquifers have been impacted by non-point source pollution. Most of the contaminants detected are either currently not regulated in drinking water or are present at low levels. A health risk assessment for detected contaminants implied that there were no risks to humans. Since this study was based on a limited number of samples, especially in HCM, further, more detailed studies on the occurrence of OMPs in groundwater in HCM and a full risk assessment of detected contaminants should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Duong
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Hong Thi Cam Chau
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thao Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Lingxiao Kong
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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Nghi TN, Nishijo M, Manh HD, Tai PT, Van Luong H, Anh TH, Thao PN, Trung NV, Waseda T, Nakagawa H, Kido T, Nishijo H. Dioxins and Nonortho PCBs in Breast Milk of Vietnamese Mothers Living in the Largest Hot Spot of Dioxin Contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5732-42. [PMID: 25798921 DOI: 10.1021/es506211p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bien Hoa Air Base is the largest dioxin contamination hot spot in Vietnam. In 2012, we recruited 216 mothers who were living in 10 communities around Bien Hoa Air Base and had delivered newborns at a prefecture hospital, and we investigated recent exposure levels of dioxins and nonortho PCBs in their breast milk. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetraCDD) was present at 2.6 pg/g lipid in primiparae and 2.2 pg/g lipid in multiparae. Among multiparae and total subjects, significant high prevalence of 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD≥5 pg/g lipid and 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD contribution≥40% were observed in mothers living in the five communities closest to Bien Hoa Air Base. The TEQ for nonortho PCBs was 1.6 pg-TEQ/g lipid for primiparae, and this was even lower than that in the unsprayed area. The length of residency was a strong factor to increase dioxins, including 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD. Residency in the five communities with the highest exposure was a specific risk factor for increased 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD in breast milk. Food intake might contribute partly to the increased levels of dioxin congeners other than 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD in breast milk. These results suggest that Bien Hoa Air Base has led to elevated 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD levels in breast milk of mothers in nearby areas even in the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Nghi
- §Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- ΣMinistry of Health, Vietnam Government, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- §Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ho Dung Manh
- ¶Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Pham The Tai
- #Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Luong
- #Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hai Anh
- #Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Thao
- #Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Trung
- #Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tomoo Waseda
- ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- §Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- ¶Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- ⊥System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Yun X, Yang Y, Liu M, Wang J. Concentrations and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments from the East Lake, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:172-80. [PMID: 25336043 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface sediment samples collected from the East Lake, China in winter 2012 and summer 2013 were analyzed in this study. The total PCB and PBDE concentrations ranged from not detected to 107.1 ng g(-1) dw and from 9.7 to 151.3 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. PCB-28, 101 and 180 were dominant congeners in both winter and summer. BDE-28 (44 %) was the dominant congener in winter and summer, followed by BDE-99 (28 %) and BDE-47 (26 %). The concentrations of PCBs in the sediment samples collected in summer were higher than those in winter, while the concentrations of PBDEs did not show much seasonal variations. Source analysis showed that the PCBs probably originated from urban runoff, industrial pollution and atmospheric deposition, and the PBDEs probably originated from historical usage of penta-BDE mixtures. Potential eco-toxicological risks caused by PCBs were found in about 5 % of the sampling sites; PBDEs had moderate eco-toxicological risk in 80 % sampling sites in the East Lake, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Duong HT, Kadokami K, Pan S, Matsuura N, Nguyen TQ. Screening and analysis of 940 organic micro-pollutants in river sediments in Vietnam using an automated identification and quantification database system for GC-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:462-472. [PMID: 24559931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a detailed picture of pollution by organic micro-pollutants in Vietnamese rivers, 940 semi-volatile organic compounds in river sediments collected from four major cities were examined by a comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-database. The number of detected chemicals at each site ranged from 49 to 158 (median 96 out of 940) with 185 analytes detected at least once in the survey. The substances detected with high frequency (over 80%) and high concentrations were n-alkanes, phthalates, sterols and PAHs. For most substances, sediments from metropolitan areas (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) were more heavily contaminated than those in rural and suburban areas. Sterols were observed in nearly 100% of sediments at extremely high concentrations, suggesting that the studied rivers were contaminated by sewage. Pyrethroids (permethrin-1 and -2) were the most dominant insecticides found in inner canals of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Deltamethrin was only detected at a site in Hanoi at an elevated concentration. This reflects that pyrethroids are used for the protection of private and public health rather than for agriculture. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were the dominant members of the DDT family of chemicals detected, indicating no recent inputs of DDTs in the study areas. PCBs residues were lower than those in other Asian countries, which suggest historically much lower use of PCBs in Vietnam. PAHs pollution in urban areas is caused by the runoff of petroleum products and vehicle exhaust gases, whereas in rural and suburban areas, the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass is major sources of PAHs. Overall, the study confirmed that rivers in Vietnam were heavily polluted mainly by domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Duong
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Shuangye Pan
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuura
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Manh HD, Kido T, Okamoto R, Xianliang S, Anh LT, Supratman S, Maruzeni S, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Honma S, Nakano T, Takasuga T, Nhu DD, Hung NN, Son LK. Serum dioxin levels in Vietnamese men more than 40 years after herbicide spraying. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3496-503. [PMID: 24552243 DOI: 10.1021/es404853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found elevated dioxin levels inside some U.S. military former air bases in Vietnam, known as hotspots. Many studies of Agent Orange have been done in U.S. veterans; however, there is little known about Vietnamese men. In 2010, we collected blood samples from 97 men in a hotspot and 85 men in an unsprayed area in Northern Vietnam. Serum concentrations of not only TCDD but also other dioxins (PCDDs), furans (PCDFs), and nonortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were significantly higher in the hotspot than in the unsprayed area. In the hotspot, three subareas were demarcated, based on their proximity to the air base. The total toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs was 41.7 pg/g lipid in the area closest to the air base, while it was around 29 pg/g lipid in the other two subareas. In the unsprayed area, the dioxin levels were no different between men who went to the South during the Vietnam War and those who remained in the North, with TEQs PCDDs/PCDFs+PCBs of around 13.6 pg/g lipid. Our findings suggested that people living close to the former U.S. air bases might have been exposed to both Agent Orange and other sources of dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Dung Manh
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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Syed JH, Malik RN, Li J, Chaemfa C, Zhang G, Jones KC. Status, distribution and ecological risk of organochlorines (OCs) in the surface sediments from the Ravi River, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:204-211. [PMID: 24291563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorines (OCs) including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) were analyzed in surface sediments from the Ravi River, Punjab, Pakistan. Among the OCPs, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) and chlordane (cis- and trans-) were most abundant and their concentrations were ranged from n.d to 16.0 ng g(-1), 1.5 to 58.5 ng g(-1) and n.d to 29.0 ng g(-1), respectively. Concentrations of Σ31PCBs ranged from 4.6 to 424.3 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 48.9 ng g(-1). In general, the concentrations of all studied organochlorines (OCs) in sediments collected from the sampling sites in the vicinity of industrial areas were higher than those from the agricultural areas. Compositional analyses of PCBs indicated that penta- and tetra-PCBs homologues were dominant which was consistent with the previous studies. Compared with other areas around the world, levels of OCs in sediments from the Ravi River were within the range, but were found to be much higher than previously reported from Pakistan. According to established sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), screening-level risk assessment of OCPs and PCBs suggested that they have a potential for adverse effects on benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Hussain Syed
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chakra Chaemfa
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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Men B, He M, Tan L, Lin C. Distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 78:77-84. [PMID: 24300287 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of 41 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in the aqueous phase, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment of the Daliao River estuary in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). The total PCB concentrations ranged from 5.51 to 40.28 ng L(-1) in the surface water, from 6.78 to 66.55 ng L(-1) dry weight in the SPM, and from 0.83 to 7.29 ng g(-1) dry weight in the sediment. The PCB concentrations in water, SPM, and sediment were moderate relative to those reported for other estuary and marine systems around the world. Sedimentary PCB concentrations decreased offshore due to the active deposition of laterally transported river-borne particles. The predominance of the highly chlorinated congeners for the water, SPM, and sediment samples are an indication of either a lack of degradation or the presence of nearby or recent releases into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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24
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Li F, Zhang H, Meng X, Chen L, Yin D. Contamination by persistent toxic substances in surface sediment of urban rivers in Chaohu City, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1934-1941. [PMID: 23534226 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and spatial distribution of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the river sediment in Chaohu City, China were investigated. A total of nine surface sediments were collected and the selected PTS pollutants including six heavy metals and nineteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed. The mean heavy metal concentrations (in mg/kg, dry weight) ranged within 0.18-1.53 (Hg), 50.08-200.18 (Cu), 118.70-313.65 (Zn), 50.77-310.85 (Cr), 37.12-92.72 (Pb) and 13.29-197.24 (As), and Cu, Zn and As have been regarded as the main metal pollutants. The levels of PBDEs (1.2-12.1 ng/g) and BDE-209 (2.4-30.5 ng/g) were at the middle level of the global range. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (67.0%-85.7%), which agrees with the fact that technical deca-BDE mixtures are the dominant PBDE formulation in China. The relative high level of PTS pollutants in the western part of the city is probably owing to the intensive agricultural activities and lack of sewerage system there. The ecological risk assessment with the sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) indicates that the urban river sediments in the city have been heavily contaminated by heavy metals with probable ecotoxicological impacts on freshwater organisms and the main toxic pollutants are Hg and As. The results of current study imply that the city, and perhaps many other small cities in China as well, requires immediate pollution control measures with emphasis on not only conventional organic pollutants but also on PTS such as heavy metals and PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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25
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Pham MH, Sebesvari Z, Tu BM, Pham HV, Renaud FG. Pesticide pollution in agricultural areas of Northern Vietnam: case study in Hoang Liet and Minh Dai communes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3344-50. [PMID: 21920648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soils and agricultural products from the Red River basin in Northern Vietnam were reported to be contaminated by agrichemicals. To assess potential exposure of local farmers and consumers to these contaminants, pesticide use and management practices of local farmers were surveyed and residue concentrations were determined for recently used as well as for banned pesticides in water, soil, vegetables, and fish samples in two communes of Northern Vietnam. DDTs, HCHs, and Drin compounds still persist at relatively high concentrations in soil and occur in vegetable and fish samples. Recently used pesticides, such as fenobucarb, trichlorfon, cyfluthrin, and cypermethrin were detected in vegetable and fish samples. Thresholds for acceptable daily intake levels (ADI) were frequently reached in the analyzed food products pointing to the fact that current pesticide management practices do not only result in a pollution of the environment but also pose threats to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Hoai Pham
- Research Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Str, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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26
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Choi HG, Moon HB, Choi M, Yu J. Monitoring of organic contaminants in sediments from the Korean coast: Spatial distribution and temporal trends (2001-2007). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1352-1361. [PMID: 21497858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal trends of organic contaminants in sediments along the Korean coast were estimated through a nationwide environmental monitoring program from 2001 to 2007. The concentrations of organic contaminants in sediments along the Korean coast were relatively low or moderate compared with foreign studies. The mean detection frequencies of organic contaminants during the seven years were highest for PAHs and PCDD/Fs, followed by PCBs, DDTs, TBT and HCHs in decreasing order. Based on published sediment quality guidelines, the ecological risks of persistent organic pollutants in sediments along the Korean coast were low, despite exceedances of the ERL at 2-6 sites for DDTs, and the TEL at 9-18 sites for PCDD/Fs. Nonparametric tests to assess temporal trends revealed significant decreasing trends for PCBs and PCDD/Fs at four and three sites, respectively (p<0.05). These results reflect the effects of regulations on the use of those contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Gu Choi
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 612-902, Republic of Korea.
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Eqani SAMAS, Malik RN, Mohammad A. The level and distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in sediments from River Chenab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2011; 33:33-47. [PMID: 20473634 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), viz. β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), γ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, endosulfan-I, endosulfan-II, heptachlor endoepoxide, heptachlor exoepoxide, mirex, dicofol, o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDE) and 12 other physicochemical parameters were measured in surface sediments from River Chenab during two sampling seasons (summer and winter, 2007) to evaluate spatial and temporal trends of sediment pollution. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis identified three groups of sites based on spatial similarities in physicochemical parameters and OCP residual concentrations. Spatial discriminant function analysis (DFA) segregated 14 parameters, viz. dicofol, endosulfan-I, heptachlor endoepoxide, dieldrin, DDD, DDE, endosulfan-II, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl⁻¹, total P (%), and silt, which explained 96% of total variance between spatial groups. γ-HCH was the most frequently detected (63%) pesticide, followed by DDD (56%). The ratio of DDTs to their metabolites indicated current input and anaerobic biodegradation. Temporal DFA highlighted aldrin, heptachlor endoepoxide, Cl⁻¹, total P, and EC as important variables which caused variations between summer and winter. DDTs were relatively more prevalent as compared to other OCPs in the sediments samples during both seasons. DDT metabolites were detected at greater frequencies and concentrations in winter, whereas DDT isomers were more prevalent in summer sediment samples. Factor analysis identified agricultural and industrial activities as major sources of sediment OCP contamination. Concentrations of γ-HCH, heptachlor endoepoxide, dieldrin, and DDTs (isomers and metabolites) in all sediment samples were well above interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQGs) and probable effect limits (PEL) given by Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (CSQGs).
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Sudaryanto A, Isobe T, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Assessment of persistent organic pollutants in sediments from Lower Mekong River Basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:679-686. [PMID: 21112070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OCs) in sediments collected from various locations in Lower Mekong River Basin (MRB) in Laos and Thailand were examined to elucidate their occurrence, distribution and potential ecological risk. Concentration of PCBs and DDTs were higher than other OCs, ranging from 0.18 to 310μgkg(-1) dry wt. and from 0.027 to 52μgkg(-1) dry wt., respectively, whereas CHLs, HCHs and HCB were 1-3 orders of magnitude lower. Geographical distribution indicates that levels of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs in the Vientiane canal were significantly higher than those in mainstream of Mekong River, Phong River and its surrounding areas, indicating significant sources of these compounds in urbanized areas. Comparison with other parts of MRB indicates that PCBs were higher in Laos, whereas DDTs were more prevalent in Mekong Delta, indicating location specific contaminations of these compounds in MRB. The ratios of DDTs composition indicate possible difference in the historical input of DDT among locations in and around Mekong River. Hazard assessment of PCBs and DDTs indicate possible toxic potential particularly in areas close to point sources such as intensive human activities and agricultural areas which highlight the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Sudaryanto
- Senior Research Fellow Center (SRFC), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Nishina T, Kien CN, Noi NV, Ngoc HM, Kim CS, Tanaka S, Iwasaki K. Pesticide residues in soils, sediments, and vegetables in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 169:285-297. [PMID: 19757109 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed pesticide residues in soils, sediments, and vegetables in the Xuan Khe and Hop Ly communes located along the Chau Giang River in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. Samples were collected from agricultural areas within and outside of embankments built to prevent flooding. In Xuan Khe, the soils outside of the embankment were more clayey with higher organic matter contents compared with the inside, due to selective deposition during river flooding. Many of the soils contained significant amounts of pesticides including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dicofol, isoprothiolane, and metalaxyl although their levels were below the maximum allowable concentration set by the Vietnamese government. The spectrum of DDT derivatives found suggested that the source of DDTs was not contaminated dicofol. Soils in Hop Ly resembled soils in Xuan Khe but were relatively sandy; one field showed appreciable contents of DDT derivatives. The ratios of (p,p(')-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene + p,p(')-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane)/ summation operatorDDT in the surface and subsurface soils in Hop Ly were 0.34 and 0.57, suggesting that the DDTs originated from recent application. Pesticide residues in soils were not likely to translocate into vegetable crops, except for metalaxyl. High concentrations of cypermethrins in kohlrabi leaves could be ascribed to foliar deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Nishina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
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30
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Hoai PM, Ngoc NT, Minh NH, Viet PH, Berg M, Alder AC, Giger W. Recent levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the sewer system in Hanoi, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:913-920. [PMID: 19892449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, temporal trend, sources and toxicity of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were investigated in sediment samples from the sewer system of Hanoi City, including the rivers Nhue, To Lich, Lu, Set, Kim Nguu and the Yen So Lake. In general, the concentrations of the pollutants followed the order DDTs>PCBs>HCHs (beta-HCH)>HCB. However, the pollution pattern was different for the DDTs and PCBs when the sampling locations were individually evaluated. The concentrations of the DDTs, PCBs, HCHs, and HCB ranged from 4.4 to 1100, 1.3 to 384, <0.2 to 36 and <0.2 to 22 ng/g d.w., respectively. These levels are higher than at any other location in Vietnam. Compared to measurements from 1997, the DDTs, PCBs, beta-HCH and HCB levels show an increasing trend with DDT/DDE ratios, indicating very recent inputs into the environment although these persistent compounds are banned in Vietnam since 1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Manh Hoai
- CETASD, Research Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hansen S, Odland JØ, Phi DT, Nieboer E, Sandanger TM. Maternal levels of organochlorines in two communities in southern Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 408:225-232. [PMID: 19853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Some pesticides and PCBs continue to be reported as environmental problems in some areas of Vietnam. In 2005, a study among delivering women took place in two communities in south-central Vietnam (Khanh Hoa Province), namely the coastal city of Nha Trang and the rural district of Dien Khanh located about 10 km inland. The main findings in plasma (n=189) were relatively high mean concentrations of p,p'-DDE (12.2 microg/l in Nha Trang and 11.4 microg/l in Dien Khanh) and p,p'-DDT (1.2 microg/l in Nha Trang and 1.1 microg/l in Dien Khanh) with no significant community differences. The ratio of p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT (11.5 in Nha Trang/12.7 in Dien Khanh) suggests, as in other Vietnamese OCs studies, a relatively recent use of this pesticide. Mean concentrations of PCB 153 (0.15 microg/l in Nha Trang and 0.10 microg/l in Dien Khanh) and other congeners were low in both communities. Age and parity (all compounds), as well as community of residence for PCB 153, were the most important predictors of plasma OCs concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solrunn Hansen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
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Carvalho FP, Villeneuve JP, Cattini C, Thuan DD, Nhan DD. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in the aquatic environment of the Mekong River, South of Vietnam. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:892-898. [PMID: 19760339 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) were analyzed in sediments and clams' soft tissues from sampling sites in the Mekong River delta from the border with Cambodia to the coast of South China Sea. Concentrations of 13 individual PCB congeners are reported. Median concentration of SigmaPCB congeners was 0.279 ng g(-1) dry weight (range 0.106-2.016 ng g(-1) dry weight) in sediments, and 5.20 ng g(-1) dry weight (range 1.89-19.37 ng g(-1)) in clams. Distribution and bioaccumulation of PCBs in the delta are discussed. It is concluded that in the Mekong River delta PCB concentrations were generally lower than in other regions of Vietnam and their likely sources have been waste discharges from repair workshops and other facilities in the delta cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Carvalho
- Department of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Nuclear and Technological Institute, E.N. 10, 2685-953, Sacavém, Portugal.
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Carvalho FP, Villeneuve JP, Cattini C, Tolosa I, Thuan DD, Nhan DD. Agrochemical and polychlorobyphenyl (PCB) residues in the Mekong River delta, Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1476-85. [PMID: 18571205 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An environmental survey on pesticide residues and polychlorobyphenyl compounds (PCBs), encompassing more than 70 polar and non-polar compounds quantifiable by the techniques used, was performed in the Mekong River delta based on analyses of water, sediment and bivalve mollusc samples. Few polar compounds, such as diazinon and fenotrothion, were detected in water but a high number of non-polar chlorinated compounds, such as DDT, HCH, endosulfan and PCBs, were detected in sediments and biota. The highest concentrations measured were of DDT with an average 6.3 ng g(-1) dry weight (range 0.32-67 ng g(-1)) in sediments and 38.6 ng g(-1) (range 5.5-123 ng g(-1)) in molluscs' soft tissues. Amongst chlorinated compounds, DDT concentrations were followed in decreasing order by those of PCB, endosulfan, hexachlorocyclohexane and chlordane. Residues of organochlorine compounds originate from local usage of agrochemicals although with a likely contribution also of atmospheric deposition of residues (not measured) originated elsewhere. Concentrations of PCB and pesticide residues in the aquatic environment of the Mekong River delta are lower than values reported for other regions of Vietnam and Asia. Nevertheless, current concerns about the effects of chlorinated compounds on public health advise improved control of chemical residue discharges in order to abate environmental contamination.
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Minh TB, Iwata H, Takahashi S, Viet PH, Tuyen BC, Tanabe S. Persistent organic pollutants in Vietnam: environmental contamination and human exposure. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2008; 193:213-290. [PMID: 20614345 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73163-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Global contamination and toxic effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been an emerging environmental issue and have received considerable attention during the past four decades. Although the extent of contamination by POPs has been dominant in industrialized nations, an increasing number of recent investigations have highlighted the role of the Asia-Pacific region as a potential source of emission for these chemicals, particularly to pristine areas such as the Arctic and the Antarctic (Tanabe et al. 1994; Tanabe 2000, 2002; Tanabe and Subramanian 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Binh Minh
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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