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Shraim MA, Massé-Alarie H, Farrell MJ, Cavaleri R, Loggia ML, Hodges PW. Neuroinflammatory activation in sensory and motor regions of the cortex is related to sensorimotor function in individuals with low back pain maintained by nociplastic mechanisms: A preliminary proof-of-concept study. Eur J Pain 2024. [PMID: 39007713 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain involves communication between neural and immune systems. Recent data suggest localization of glial (brain immune cells) activation to the sensorimotor regions of the brain cortex (S1/M1) in chronic low back pain (LBP). As glia perform diverse functions that impact neural function, activation might contribute to sensorimotor changes, particularly in LBP maintained by increased nervous system sensitivity (i.e., nociplastic pain). This preliminary proof-of-concept study aimed to: (i) compare evidence of neuroinflammatory activation in S1/M1 between individuals with and without LBP (and between nociceptive and nociplastic LBP phenotypes), and (ii) evaluate relationships between neuroinflammatory activation and sensorimotor function. METHODS Simultaneous PET-fMRI measured neuroinflammatory activation in functionally defined S1/M1 in pain-free individuals (n = 8) and individuals with chronic LBP (n = 9; nociceptive: n = 4, nociplastic: n = 5). Regions of S1/M1 related to the back were identified using fMRI during motor tasks and thermal stimuli. Sensorimotor measures included single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Sleep, depression, disability and pain questionnaires were administered. RESULTS Neuroinflammatory activation was greater in the lower back cortical representation of S1/M1 of the nociplastic LBP group than both nociceptive LBP and pain-free groups. Neuroinflammatory activation in S1/M1 was positively correlated with sensitivity to hot (r = 0.52) and cold (r = 0.55) pain stimuli, poor sleep, depression, disability and BMI, and negatively correlated with intracortical facilitation (r = -0.41). CONCLUSION This preliminary proof-of-concept study suggests that neuroinflammation in back regions of S1/M1 in individuals with nociplastic LBP could plausibly explain some characteristic features of this LBP phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuroinflammatory activation localized to sensorimotor areas of the brain in individuals with nociplastic pain might contribute to changes in sensory and motor function and aspects of central sensitization. If cause-effect relationships are established in longitudinal studies, this may direct development of therapies that target neuroinflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath A Shraim
- The University of Queensland, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugo Massé-Alarie
- The University of Queensland, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en réadaptation et Integration Sociale (CIRRIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael J Farrell
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rocco Cavaleri
- Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation Lab, Western Sydney University, School of Health Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marco L Loggia
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul W Hodges
- The University of Queensland, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Emvalomenos GM, Kang JWM, Jupp B, Mychasiuk R, Keay KA, Henderson LA. Recent developments and challenges in positron emission tomography imaging of gliosis in chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00597. [PMID: 38713812 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the transition from acute to chronic pain is critical for the development of more effective and targeted treatments. There is growing interest in the contribution of glial cells to this process, with cross-sectional preclinical studies demonstrating specific changes in these cell types capturing targeted timepoints from the acute phase and the chronic phase. In vivo longitudinal assessment of the development and evolution of these changes in experimental animals and humans has presented a significant challenge. Recent technological advances in preclinical and clinical positron emission tomography, including the development of specific radiotracers for gliosis, offer great promise for the field. These advances now permit tracking of glial changes over time and provide the ability to relate these changes to pain-relevant symptomology, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and treatment outcomes at both a group and an individual level. In this article, we summarize evidence for gliosis in the transition from acute to chronic pain and provide an overview of the specific radiotracers available to measure this process, highlighting their potential, particularly when combined with ex vivo/in vitro techniques, to understand the pathophysiology of chronic neuropathic pain. These complementary investigations can be used to bridge the existing gap in the field concerning the contribution of gliosis to neuropathic pain and identify potential targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle M Emvalomenos
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James W M Kang
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin A Keay
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- School of Medical Sciences [Neuroscience], and the Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Alagaratnam J, Thornhill JP, Fan Z, Vera JH, Underwood J, Hall R, Searle G, Owen D, Edison P, Fidler S, Winston A. Differences in neuroinflammation in people who started antiretroviral treatment during primary versus chronic HIV infection: an 18kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) study. J Neurovirol 2024:10.1007/s13365-024-01200-3. [PMID: 38575831 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-024-01200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is described in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Early ART initiation is associated with reduced inflammation. We aimed to evaluate neuroinflammation, using translocator protein (TSPO) [11C]PBR28 PET neuroimaging in PWH who initiated ART during acute HIV (aPWH) versus chronic HIV infection (cPWH) versus a control population. This was a cross-sectional, observational study. All participants underwent [11C]PBR28 PET-CT neuroimaging. Using a two-tissue compartment model, total volume of distribution (VT) and distribution volume ratios (DVR) using cortical grey matter as a pseudo-reference region at 20 regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. Differences in VT and DVR were compared between groups using the Kruskall-Wallis test. Seventeen neuro-asymptomatic male PWH on ART (9 aPWH, 8 cPWH) and 8 male control participants (CPs) were included. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 40 (30, 46), 44 (41, 47) and 21 (20, 25) years in aPWH, cPWH and CPs, respectively. Median (IQR) CD4 (cells/µL) and CD4:CD8 were 687 (652, 1014) and 1.37 (1.24, 1.42), and 700 (500, 720) and 0.67 (0.64, 0.82) in aPWH and cPWH, respectively. Overall, no significant difference in VT and DVR were observed between the three groups at any ROIs. cPWH demonstrated a trend towards higher mean VT compared with aPWH and CPs at most ROIs. No significant differences in neuroinflammation, using [11C]PBR28 binding as a proxy, were identified between cPWH, aPWH and CPs. A trend towards lower absolute [11C]PBR28 binding was seen amongst aPWH and CPs, suggesting early ART may mitigate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmini Alagaratnam
- Department of Sexual Health & HIV, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - John P Thornhill
- Blizard Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhen Fan
- Invicro, A Konica Minolta Company, London, UK
| | - Jaime H Vera
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Underwood
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UHW Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rebecca Hall
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine & HIV, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alan Winston
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine & HIV, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Ibrahim W, An J, Yang Y, Cosgrove KP, Matuskey D. Does seasonal variation affect the neuroimmune system? A retrospective [ 11C]PBR28 PET study in healthy individuals. Neurosci Lett 2024; 828:137766. [PMID: 38583505 PMCID: PMC11073647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuroimmune system performs a wide range of functions in the brain and the central nervous system. The microglial translocator protein (TSPO) has an established role as a cell marker in identification of the neuroimmune system. Previously, human studies have shown TSPO differences in neuropsychiatric disorders. Seasonal variability has also been demonstrated in multiple systems of healthy individuals. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to understand whether seasonal changes affect brain TSPO levels using [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS 46 healthy subjects (mean age ± SD = 32.5 ± 10); sex (M/F) = 32/14)) underwent PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 in a retrospectively conducted analysis. All PET scans were performed on the HRRT scanner. Volume of distribution (VT) values were generated for cortical and subcortical regions and the cerebellum. Spring/summer months were defined as March to August while fall/winter months were defined as September to February and were compared through 2-tailed t-tests (SciPy library v.1.10.1 and Pinguoin library on Python v.3.8.8). Average daylight hours and temperature in New Haven, CT were obtained online (www.wunderground.com) and compared to VT with Spearman's correlations. RESULTS There were no significant differences observed between the TSPO levels of spring/summer and fall/winter months in the brain (t = 0.52, p = 0.61). Additional analysis on all individual brain regions also indicated non-significance. Likewise, no significant correlations were found between TSPO levels in the whole brain and brain regions against daylight hours (ρ= 0.05, p = 0.74), temperature (ρ = 0.04, p = 0.81), or month (ρ = 0.08, p = 0.60). Controlling TSPO gene polymorphisms and other variables had no significant effect on the outcome. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first human study to investigate seasonal changes in TSPO expression. Our results can be interpreted as the lack of seasonal variability in the neuroimmune system, but important limitations include high interindividual variability, test-retest variability, specificity of the tracer, and a limited sample size. Limitations notwithstanding, our results conclude that TSPO levels in the brain are not impacted by light and temperature changes in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeonghyun An
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yanghong Yang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ekmekcioglu O, Albert NL, Heinrich K, Tolboom N, Van Weehaeghe D, Traub-Weidinger T, Atay LO, Garibotto V, Morbelli S. Neurological Disorders and Women's Health: Contribution of Molecular Neuroimaging Techniques. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:237-246. [PMID: 38365546 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences in brain physiology and the mechanisms of drug action have been extensively reported. These biological variances, from structure to hormonal and genetic aspects, can profoundly influence healthy functioning and disease mechanisms and might have implications for treatment and drug development. Molecular neuroimaging techniques may help to disclose sex's impact on brain functioning, as well as the neuropathological changes underpinning several diseases. This narrative review summarizes recent lines of evidence based on PET and SPECT imaging, highlighting sex differences in normal conditions and various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgul Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heinrich
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nelleke Tolboom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tatiana Traub-Weidinger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Laaksonen S, Saraste M, Nylund M, Hinz R, Snellman A, Rinne J, Matilainen M, Airas L. Sex-driven variability in TSPO-expressing microglia in MS patients and healthy individuals. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1352116. [PMID: 38445263 PMCID: PMC10913932 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1352116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Males with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher risk for disability progression than females, but the reasons for this are unclear. Objective We hypothesized that potential differences in TSPO-expressing microglia between female and male MS patients could contribute to sex differences in clinical disease progression. Methods The study cohort consisted of 102 MS patients (mean (SD) age 45.3 (9.7) years, median (IQR) disease duration 12.1 (7.0-17.2) years, 72% females, 74% relapsing-remitting MS) and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. TSPO-expressing microglia were measured using the TSPO-binding radioligand [11C](R)-PK11195 and brain positron emission tomography (PET). TSPO-binding was quantified as distribution volume ratio (DVR) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), thalamus, whole brain and cortical gray matter (cGM). Results Male MS patients had higher DVRs compared to female patients in the whole brain [1.22 (0.04) vs. 1.20 (0.02), p = 0.002], NAWM [1.24 (0.06) vs. 1.21 (0.05), p = 0.006], thalamus [1.37 (0.08) vs. 1.32 (0.02), p = 0.008] and cGM [1.25 (0.04) vs. 1.23 (0.04), p = 0.028]. Similarly, healthy men had higher DVRs compared to healthy women except for cGM. Of the studied subgroups, secondary progressive male MS patients had the highest DVRs in all regions, while female controls had the lowest DVRs. Conclusion We observed higher TSPO-binding in males compared to females among people with MS and in healthy individuals. This sex-driven inherent variability in TSPO-expressing microglia may predispose male MS patients to greater likelihood of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Laaksonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Nylund
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Matilainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Biechele G, Rauchmann BS, Janowitz D, Buerger K, Franzmeier N, Weidinger E, Guersel S, Schuster S, Finze A, Harris S, Lindner S, Albert NL, Wetzel C, Rupprecht R, Rominger A, Palleis C, Katzdobler S, Burow L, Kurz C, Zaganjori M, Trappmann LK, Goldhardt O, Grimmer T, Haeckert J, Keeser D, Stoecklein S, Morenas-Rodriguez E, Bartenstein P, Levin J, Höglinger GU, Simons M, Perneczky R, Brendel M. Associations between sex, body mass index and the individual microglial response in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:30. [PMID: 38263017 PMCID: PMC10804830 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 18-kDa translocator protein position-emission-tomography (TSPO-PET) imaging emerged for in vivo assessment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Sex and obesity effects on TSPO-PET binding have been reported for cognitively normal humans (CN), but such effects have not yet been systematically evaluated in patients with AD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of sex and obesity on the relationship between β-amyloid-accumulation and microglial activation in AD. METHODS 49 patients with AD (29 females, all Aβ-positive) and 15 Aβ-negative CN (8 female) underwent TSPO-PET ([18F]GE-180) and β-amyloid-PET ([18F]flutemetamol) imaging. In 24 patients with AD (14 females), tau-PET ([18F]PI-2620) was additionally available. The brain was parcellated into 218 cortical regions and standardized-uptake-value-ratios (SUVr, cerebellar reference) were calculated. Per region and tracer, the regional increase of PET SUVr (z-score) was calculated for AD against CN. The regression derived linear effect of regional Aβ-PET on TSPO-PET was used to determine the Aβ-plaque-dependent microglial response (slope) and the Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response (intercept) at the individual patient level. All read-outs were compared between sexes and tested for a moderation effect of sex on associations with body mass index (BMI). RESULTS In AD, females showed higher mean cortical TSPO-PET z-scores (0.91 ± 0.49; males 0.30 ± 0.75; p = 0.002), while Aβ-PET z-scores were similar. The Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response was stronger in females with AD (+ 0.37 ± 0.38; males with AD - 0.33 ± 0.87; p = 0.006), pronounced at the prodromal stage. On the contrary, the Aβ-plaque-dependent microglial response was not different between sexes. The Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response was significantly associated with tau-PET in females (Braak-II regions: r = 0.757, p = 0.003), but not in males. BMI and the Aβ-plaque-independent microglial response were significantly associated in females (r = 0.44, p = 0.018) but not in males (BMI*sex interaction: F(3,52) = 3.077, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION While microglia response to fibrillar Aβ is similar between sexes, women with AD show a stronger Aβ-plaque-independent microglia response. This sex difference in Aβ-independent microglial activation may be associated with tau accumulation. BMI is positively associated with the Aβ-plaque-independent microglia response in females with AD but not in males, indicating that sex and obesity need to be considered when studying neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schuster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Finze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Harris
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Palleis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirlind Zaganjori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena-Katharina Trappmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Haeckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Knyzeliene A, Wimberley C, MacAskill MG, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Morgan TEF, Henry MC, Lucatelli C, Pimlott SL, Sutherland A, Tavares AAS. Sexually dimorphic murine brain uptake of the 18 kDa translocator protein PET radiotracer [ 18F]LW223. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae008. [PMID: 38304004 PMCID: PMC10833650 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein is a well-known biomarker of neuroinflammation, but also plays a role in homeostasis. PET with 18 kDa translocator protein radiotracers [11C]PBR28 in humans and [18F]GE180 in mice has demonstrated sex-dependent uptake patterns in the healthy brain, suggesting sex-dependent 18 kDa translocator protein expression, although humans and mice had differing results. This study aimed to assess whether the 18 kDa translocator protein PET radiotracer [18F]LW223 exhibited sexually dimorphic uptake in healthy murine brain and peripheral organs. Male and female C57Bl6/J mice (13.6 ± 5.4 weeks, 26.8 ± 5.4 g, mean ± SD) underwent 2 h PET scanning post-administration of [18F]LW223 (6.7 ± 3.6 MBq). Volume of interest and parametric analyses were performed using standard uptake values (90-120 min). Statistical differences were assessed by unpaired t-test or two-way ANOVA with Šidak's test (alpha = 0.05). The uptake of [18F]LW223 was significantly higher across multiple regions of the male mouse brain, with the most pronounced difference detected in hypothalamus (P < 0.0001). Males also exhibited significantly higher [18F]LW223 uptake in the heart when compared to females (P = 0.0107). Data support previous findings on sexually dimorphic 18 kDa translocator protein radiotracer uptake patterns in mice and highlight the need to conduct sex-controlled comparisons in 18 kDa translocator protein PET imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Knyzeliene
- British Heart Foundation-University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Catriona Wimberley
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Mark G MacAskill
- British Heart Foundation-University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carlos J Alcaide-Corral
- British Heart Foundation-University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timaeus E F Morgan
- British Heart Foundation-University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martyn C Henry
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Sally L Pimlott
- West of Scotland PET Centre, Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Trust, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | | | - Adriana A S Tavares
- British Heart Foundation-University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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9
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Butler T, Wang X, Chiang G, Xi K, Niogi S, Glodzik L, Li Y, Razlighi QR, Zhou L, Hojjati SH, Ozsahin I, Mao X, Maloney T, Tanzi E, Rahmouni N, Tissot C, Lussier F, Shah S, Shungu D, Gupta A, De Leon M, Mozley PD, Pascoal TA, Rosa-Neto P. Reduction in Constitutively Activated Auditory Brainstem Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:307-319. [PMID: 38669537 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is considered to begin in the brainstem, and cerebral microglia are known to play a critical role in AD pathogenesis, yet little is known about brainstem microglia in AD. Translocator protein (TSPO) PET, sensitive to activated microglia, shows high signal in dorsal brainstem in humans, but the precise location and clinical correlates of this signal are unknown. Objective To define age and AD associations of brainstem TSPO PET signal in humans. Methods We applied new probabilistic maps of brainstem nuclei to quantify PET-measured TSPO expression over the whole brain including brainstem in 71 subjects (43 controls scanned using 11C-PK11195; 20 controls and 8 AD subjects scanned using 11C-PBR28). We focused on inferior colliculi (IC) because of visually-obvious high signal in this region, and potential relevance to auditory dysfunction in AD. We also assessed bilateral cortex. Results TSPO expression was normally high in IC and other brainstem regions. IC TSPO was decreased with aging (p = 0.001) and in AD subjects versus controls (p = 0.004). In cortex, TSPO expression was increased with aging (p = 0.030) and AD (p = 0.033). Conclusions Decreased IC TSPO expression with aging and AD-an opposite pattern than in cortex-highlights underappreciated regional heterogeneity in microglia phenotype, and implicates IC in a biological explanation for strong links between hearing loss and AD. Unlike in cerebrum, where TSPO expression is considered pathological, activated microglia in IC and other brainstem nuclei may play a beneficial, homeostatic role. Additional study of brainstem microglia in aging and AD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria Chiang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sumit Niogi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Liangdong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilker Ozsahin
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Tanzi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Firoza Lussier
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sudhin Shah
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dikoma Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony De Leon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P David Mozley
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Cousins O, Schubert JJ, Chandra A, Veronese M, Valkimadi P, Creese B, Khan Z, Arathimos R, Hampshire A, Rosenzweig I, Ballard C, Corbett A, Aasland D, Velayudhan L, O'Neill M, Collier D, Awais R, Sander K, Årstad E, Howes O, Turkheimer F, Hodges A. Microglial activation, tau and amyloid deposition in TREM2 p.R47H carriers and mild cognitive impairment patients: a multi-modal/multi-tracer PET/MRI imaging study with influenza vaccine immune challenge. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:272. [PMID: 37990275 PMCID: PMC10664604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are increasingly understood to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The rs75932628 (p.R47H) TREM2 variant is a well-established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. TREM2 is a microglial cell surface receptor. In this multi-modal/multi-tracer PET/MRI study we investigated the effect of TREM2 p.R47H carrier status on microglial activation, tau and amyloid deposition, brain structure and cognitive profile. METHODS We compared TREM2 p.R47H carriers (n = 8; median age = 62.3) and participants with mild cognitive impairment (n = 8; median age = 70.7). Participants underwent two [18F]DPA-714 PET/MRI scans to assess TSPO signal, indicative of microglial activation, before and after receiving the seasonal influenza vaccination, which was used as an immune stimulant. Participants also underwent [18F]florbetapir and [18F]AV1451 PET scans to assess amyloid and tau burden, respectively. Regional tau and TSPO signal were calculated for regions of interest linked to Braak stage. An additional comparison imaging healthy control group (n = 8; median age = 45.5) had a single [18F]DPA-714 PET/MRI. An expanded group of participants underwent neuropsychological testing, to determine if TREM2 status influenced clinical phenotype. RESULTS Compared to participants with mild cognitive impairment, TREM2 carriers had lower TSPO signal in Braak II (P = 0.04) and Braak III (P = 0.046) regions, despite having a similar burden of tau and amyloid. There were trends to suggest reduced microglial activation following influenza vaccine in TREM2 carriers. Tau deposition in the Braak VI region was higher in TREM2 carriers (P = 0.04). Furthermore, compared to healthy controls TREM2 carriers had smaller caudate (P = 0.02), total brain (P = 0.049) and white matter volumes (P = 0.02); and neuropsychological assessment revealed worse ADAS-Cog13 (P = 0.03) and Delayed Matching to Sample (P = 0.007) scores. CONCLUSIONS TREM2 p.R47H carriers had reduced levels of microglial activation in brain regions affected early in the Alzheimer's disease course and differences in brain structure and cognition. Changes in microglial response may underlie the increased Alzheimer's disease risk in TREM2 p.R47H carriers. Future therapeutic agents in Alzheimer's disease should aim to enhance protective microglial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cousins
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Julia J Schubert
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Avinash Chandra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Polena Valkimadi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Zunera Khan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Ryan Arathimos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Dag Aasland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | | | | | - Ramla Awais
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK.
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11
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De Picker LJ, Morrens M, Branchi I, Haarman BCM, Terada T, Kang MS, Boche D, Tremblay ME, Leroy C, Bottlaender M, Ottoy J. TSPO PET brain inflammation imaging: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of 156 case-control studies. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:415-431. [PMID: 37543251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is increasingly recognized as a molecular target for PET imaging of inflammatory responses in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the reported sensitivity and specificity of TSPO PET to identify brain inflammatory processes appears to vary greatly across disorders, disease stages, and applied quantification methods. To advance TSPO PET as a potential biomarker to evaluate brain inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapies, a better understanding of its applicability across disorders is needed. We conducted a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of all in vivo human TSPO PET imaging case-control studies in the CNS. Specifically, we investigated the direction, strength, and heterogeneity associated with the TSPO PET signal across disorders in pre-specified brain regions, and explored the demographic and methodological sources of heterogeneity. METHODS We searched for English peer-reviewed articles that reported in vivo human case-control TSPO PET differences. We extracted the demographic details, TSPO PET outcomes, and technical variables of the PET procedure. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to estimate case-control standardized mean differences (SMD) of the TSPO PET signal in the lobar/whole-brain cortical grey matter (cGM), thalamus, and cortico-limbic circuitry between different illness categories. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic and explored using subgroup and meta-regression analyses for radioligand generation, PET quantification method, age, sex, and publication year. Significance was set at the False Discovery Rate (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05. RESULTS 156 individual case-control studies were included in the systematic review, incorporating data for 2381 healthy controls and 2626 patients. 139 studies documented meta-analysable data and were grouped into 11 illness categories. Across all the illness categories, we observed a significantly higher TSPO PET signal in cases compared to controls for the cGM (n = 121 studies, SMD = 0.358, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 68%), with a significant difference between the illness categories (P = 0.004). cGM increases were only significant for Alzheimer's disease (SMD = 0.693, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 64%) and other neurodegenerative disorders (SMD = 0.929, PFDR < 0.001, I2 = 73%). Cortico-limbic increases (n = 97 studies, SMD = 0.541, P < 0.001, I2 = 67%) were most prominent for Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, other neurodegenerative disorders, mood disorders and multiple sclerosis. Thalamic involvement (n = 79 studies, SMD = 0.393, P < 0.001, I2 = 71%) was observed for Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, and chronic pain and functional disorders (all PFDR < 0.05). Main outcomes for systemic immunological disorders, viral infections, substance use disorders, schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury were not significant. We identified multiple sources of between-study variance to the TSPO PET signal including a strong transdiagnostic effect of the quantification method (explaining 25% of between-study variance; VT-based SMD = 0.000 versus reference tissue-based studies SMD = 0.630; F = 20.49, df = 1;103, P < 0.001), patient age (9% of variance), and radioligand generation (5% of variance). CONCLUSION This study is the first overarching transdiagnostic meta-analysis of case-control TSPO PET findings in humans across several brain regions. We observed robust increases in the TSPO signal for specific types of disorders, which were widespread or focal depending on illness category. We also found a large and transdiagnostic horizontal (positive) shift of the effect estimates of reference tissue-based compared to VT-based studies. Our results can support future studies to optimize experimental design and power calculations, by taking into account the type of disorder, brain region-of-interest, radioligand, and quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia J De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Bartholomeus C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Min Su Kang
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UNIACT, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Ottoy
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Ekblad LL, Tuisku J, Koivumäki M, Helin S, Rinne JO, Snellman A. Insulin resistance and body mass index are associated with TSPO PET in cognitively unimpaired elderly. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1588-1600. [PMID: 37113066 PMCID: PMC10414007 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231172519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic risk factors are associated with peripheral low-grade inflammation and an increased risk for dementia. We evaluated if metabolic risk factors i.e. insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol values, or high sensitivity C-reactive protein associate with central inflammation or beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain, and if these associations are modulated by APOE4 gene dose. Altogether 60 cognitively unimpaired individuals (mean age 67.7 years (SD 4.7); 63% women; 21 APOE3/3, 20 APOE3/4 and 19 APOE4/4) underwent positron emission tomography with [11C]PK11195 targeting TSPO (18 kDa translocator protein) and [11C]PIB targeting fibrillar Aβ. [11C]PK11195 distribution value ratios and [11C]PIB standardized uptake values were calculated in a cortical composite region of interest typical for Aβ accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. Associations between metabolic risk factors, [11C]PK11195, and [11C]PIB uptake were evaluated with linear models adjusted for age and sex. Higher logarithmic HOMA-IR (standardized beta 0.40, p = 0.002) and BMI (standardized beta 0.27, p = 0.048) were associated with higher TSPO availability. Voxel-wise analyses indicated that this association was mainly seen in the parietal cortex. Higher logarithmic HOMA-IR was associated with higher [11C]PIB (standardized beta 0.44, p = 0.02), but only in APOE4/4 homozygotes. BMI and HOMA-IR seem to influence TSPO availability in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Reseach Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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13
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Peyronneau MA, Kuhnast B, Nguyen DL, Jego B, Sayet G, Caillé F, Lavisse S, Gervais P, Stankoff B, Sarazin M, Remy P, Bouilleret V, Leroy C, Bottlaender M. [ 18F]DPA-714: Effect of co-medications, age, sex, BMI and TSPO polymorphism on the human plasma input function. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3251-3264. [PMID: 37291448 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the effect of concomitant medication, age, sex, body mass index and 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) binding affinity status on the metabolism and plasma pharmacokinetics of [18F]DPA-714 and their influence on the plasma input function in a large cohort of 201 subjects who underwent brain and whole-body PET imaging to investigate the role of neuroinflammation in neurological diseases. METHODS The non-metabolized fraction of [18F]DPA-714 was estimated in venous plasma of 138 patients and 63 healthy controls (HCs; including additional arterial sampling in 16 subjects) during the 90 min brain PET acquisition using a direct solid-phase extraction method. The mean fraction between 70 and 90 min post-injection ([18F]DPA-71470-90) and corresponding normalized plasma concentration (SUV70-90) were correlated with all factors using a multiple linear regression model. Differences between groups (arterial vs venous measurements; HCs vs patients; high- (HAB), mixed- (MAB) and low-affinity binders (LAB); subjects with vs without co-medications, females vs males were also assessed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests. Finally, the impact of co-medications on the brain uptake of [18F]DPA-714 at equilibrium was investigated. RESULTS As no significant differences were observed between arterial and venous [18F]DPA-71470-90 and SUV70-90, venous plasma was used for correlations. [18F]DPA-71470-90 was not significantly different between patients and HCS (59.7 ± 12.3% vs 60.2 ± 12.9%) despite high interindividual variability. However, 47 subjects exhibiting a huge increase or decrease of [18F]DPA-71470-90 (up to 88% or down to 23%) and SUV70-90 values (2-threefold) were found to receive co-medications identified as inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4, known to catalyse [18F]DPA-714 metabolism. Comparison between cortex-to-plasma ratios using individual input function (VTIND) or population-based input function derived from untreated HCs (VTPBIF) indicated that non-considering the individual metabolism rate led to a bias of about 30% in VT values. Multiple linear regression model analysis of subjects free of these co-medications suggested significant correlations between [18F]DPA-71470-90 and age, BMI and sex while TSPO polymorphism did not influence the metabolism of the radiotracer. [18F]DPA-714 metabolism fell with age and BMI and was significantly faster in females than in males. Whole-body PET/CT exhibited a high uptake of the tracer in TSPO-rich organs (heart wall, spleen, kidneys…) and those involved in metabolism and excretion pathways (liver, gallbladder) in HAB and MAB with a strong decrease in LAB (-89% and -85%) resulting in tracer accumulation in plasma (4.5 and 3.3-fold increase). CONCLUSION Any co-medication that inhibits or induces CYP3A4 as well as TSPO genetic status, age, BMI and sex mostly contribute to interindividual variations of the radiotracer metabolism and/or concentration that may affect the input function of [18F]DPA-714 and consequently its human brain and peripheral uptake. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFLAPARK, NCT02319382, registered December 18, 2014, retrospectively registered; IMABIO 3, NCT01775696, registered January 25, 2013, retrospectively registered; INFLASEP, NCT02305264, registered December 2, 2014, retrospectively registered; EPI-TEP, EudraCT 2017-003381-27, registered September 24, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Peyronneau
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France.
| | - B Kuhnast
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - D-L Nguyen
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - B Jego
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - G Sayet
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - F Caillé
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - S Lavisse
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, F-92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - P Gervais
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - B Stankoff
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de La Moelle Epinière, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - M Sarazin
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
- Service de Neurologie de La Mémoire Et du Langage, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - P Remy
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, F-92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, F-94010, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, F-94010, Créteil, France
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - V Bouilleret
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et d'Epileptologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, F-94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Leroy
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
| | - M Bottlaender
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomedicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 Place du Général Leclerc, F-91401, ORSAY, France
- Université Paris Saclay, UNIACT, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-Sur-Yvette, F-91190, France
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14
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Nutma E, Fancy N, Weinert M, Tsartsalis S, Marzin MC, Muirhead RCJ, Falk I, Breur M, de Bruin J, Hollaus D, Pieterman R, Anink J, Story D, Chandran S, Tang J, Trolese MC, Saito T, Saido TC, Wiltshire KH, Beltran-Lobo P, Phillips A, Antel J, Healy L, Dorion MF, Galloway DA, Benoit RY, Amossé Q, Ceyzériat K, Badina AM, Kövari E, Bendotti C, Aronica E, Radulescu CI, Wong JH, Barron AM, Smith AM, Barnes SJ, Hampton DW, van der Valk P, Jacobson S, Howell OW, Baker D, Kipp M, Kaddatz H, Tournier BB, Millet P, Matthews PM, Moore CS, Amor S, Owen DR. Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5247. [PMID: 37640701 PMCID: PMC10462763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation plays central roles in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is widely used for localising inflammation in vivo, but its quantitative interpretation remains uncertain. We show that TSPO expression increases in activated microglia in mouse brain disease models but does not change in a non-human primate disease model or in common neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory human diseases. We describe genetic divergence in the TSPO gene promoter, consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in TSPO expression in activated myeloid cells depends on the transcription factor AP1 and is unique to a subset of rodent species within the Muroidea superfamily. Finally, we identify LCP2 and TFEC as potential markers of microglial activation in humans. These data emphasise that TSPO expression in human myeloid cells is related to different phenomena than in mice, and that TSPO-PET signals in humans reflect the density of inflammatory cells rather than activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nurun Fancy
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Weinert
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C J Muirhead
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Falk
- Viral Immunology Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joy de Bruin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Hollaus
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Pieterman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jiabin Tang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria C Trolese
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Paula Beltran-Lobo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Phillips
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luke Healy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-France Dorion
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Dylan A Galloway
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Rochelle Y Benoit
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Quentin Amossé
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna M Barron
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Owain W Howell
- Institute of Life Science (ILS), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - David Baker
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC - Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - David R Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
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15
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Butler T, Wang XH, Chiang GC, Li Y, Zhou L, Xi K, Wickramasuriya N, Tanzi E, Spector E, Ozsahin I, Mao X, Razlighi QR, Fung EK, Dyke JP, Maloney T, Gupta A, Raj A, Shungu DC, Mozley PD, Rusinek H, Glodzik L. Choroid Plexus Calcification Correlates with Cortical Microglial Activation in Humans: A Multimodal PET, CT, MRI Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:776-782. [PMID: 37321857 PMCID: PMC10337614 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The choroid plexus (CP) within the brain ventricles is well-known to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recently, the CP has been recognized as critical in modulating inflammation. MRI-measured CP enlargement has been reported in neuroinflammatory disorders like MS as well as with aging and neurodegeneration. The basis of MRI-measured CP enlargement is unknown. On the basis of tissue studies demonstrating CP calcification as a common pathology associated with aging and disease, we hypothesized that previously unmeasured CP calcification contributes to MRI-measured CP volume and may be more specifically associated with neuroinflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 60 subjects (43 healthy controls and 17 subjects with Parkinson's disease) who underwent PET/CT using 11C-PK11195, a radiotracer sensitive to the translocator protein expressed by activated microglia. Cortical inflammation was quantified as nondisplaceable binding potential. Choroid plexus calcium was measured via manual tracing on low-dose CT acquired with PET and automatically using a new CT/MRI method. Linear regression assessed the contribution of choroid plexus calcium, age, diagnosis, sex, overall volume of the choroid plexus, and ventricle volume to cortical inflammation. RESULTS Fully automated choroid plexus calcium quantification was accurate (intraclass correlation coefficient with manual tracing = .98). Subject age and choroid plexus calcium were the only significant predictors of neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS Choroid plexus calcification can be accurately and automatically quantified using low-dose CT and MRI. Choroid plexus calcification-but not choroid plexus volume-predicted cortical inflammation. Previously unmeasured choroid plexus calcium may explain recent reports of choroid plexus enlargement in human inflammatory and other diseases. Choroid plexus calcification may be a specific and relatively easily acquired biomarker for neuroinflammation and choroid plexus pathology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Butler
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - X H Wang
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - G C Chiang
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - Y Li
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - L Zhou
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - K Xi
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - N Wickramasuriya
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - E Tanzi
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - E Spector
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - I Ozsahin
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - X Mao
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
- Department of Radiology (X.M., E.K.F., J.P.D., D.C.S., P.D.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Q R Razlighi
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - E K Fung
- Department of Radiology (X.M., E.K.F., J.P.D., D.C.S., P.D.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - J P Dyke
- Department of Radiology (X.M., E.K.F., J.P.D., D.C.S., P.D.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - T Maloney
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - A Gupta
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
| | - A Raj
- Department of Radiology (A.R.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - D C Shungu
- Department of Radiology (X.M., E.K.F., J.P.D., D.C.S., P.D.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - P D Mozley
- Department of Radiology (X.M., E.K.F., J.P.D., D.C.S., P.D.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - H Rusinek
- Department of Radiology (H.R.), New York University, New York, New York
| | - L Glodzik
- From the Brain Health Imaging Institute (T.B., X.H.W., G.C.C., Y.L., L.Z., K.X., N.W., E.T., E.S., I.O., X.M., Q.R.R., T.M., A.G., L.G.)
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16
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Tang JM, McClennan A, Liu L, Hadway J, Ronald JA, Hicks JW, Hoffman L, Anazodo UC. A Protocol for Simultaneous In Vivo Imaging of Cardiac and Neuroinflammation in Dystrophin-Deficient MDX Mice Using [ 18F]FEPPA PET. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087522. [PMID: 37108685 PMCID: PMC10144317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by dystrophin loss-notably within muscles and the central neurons system. DMD presents as cognitive weakness, progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration until pre-mature death from cardiac or respiratory failure. Innovative therapies have improved life expectancy; however, this is accompanied by increased late-onset heart failure and emergent cognitive degeneration. Thus, better assessment of dystrophic heart and brain pathophysiology is needed. Chronic inflammation is strongly associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration; however, neuroinflammation's role is largely unknown in DMD despite being prevalent in other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present an inflammatory marker translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) protocol for in vivo concomitant assessment of immune cell response in hearts and brains of a dystrophin-deficient mouse model [mdx:utrn(+/-)]. Preliminary analysis of whole-body PET imaging using the TSPO radiotracer, [18F]FEPPA in four mdx:utrn(+/-) and six wildtype mice are presented with ex vivo TSPO-immunofluorescence tissue staining. The mdx:utrn(+/-) mice showed significant elevations in heart and brain [18F]FEPPA activity, which correlated with increased ex vivo fluorescence intensity, highlighting the potential of TSPO-PET to simultaneously assess presence of cardiac and neuroinflammation in dystrophic heart and brain, as well as in several organs within a DMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Tang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Andrew McClennan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Linshan Liu
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hadway
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Justin W Hicks
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Udunna C Anazodo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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17
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Roussakis AA, Gennaro M, Gordon MF, Reilmann R, Borowsky B, Rynkowski G, Lao-Kaim NP, Papoutsou Z, Savola JM, Hayden MR, Owen DR, Kalk N, Lingford-Hughes A, Gunn RN, Searle G, Tabrizi SJ, Piccini P. A PET-CT study on neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease patients participating in a randomized trial with laquinimod. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad084. [PMID: 37020532 PMCID: PMC10069663 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation, an indicator of central nervous system inflammation, is believed to contribute to the pathology of Huntington's disease. Laquinimod is capable of regulating microglia. By targeting the translocator protein, 11C-PBR28 PET-CT imaging can be used to assess the state of regional gliosis in vivo and explore the effects of laquinimod treatment. This study relates to the LEGATO-HD, multi-centre, double-blinded, Phase 2 clinical trial with laquinimod (US National Registration: NCT02215616). Fifteen patients of the UK LEGATO-HD cohort (mean age: 45.2 ± 7.4 years; disease duration: 5.6 ± 3.0 years) were treated with laquinimod (0.5 mg, N = 4; 1.0 mg, N = 6) or placebo (N = 5) daily. All participants had one 11C-PBR28 PET-CT and one brain MRI scan before laquinimod (or placebo) and at the end of treatment (12 months apart). PET imaging data were quantified to produce 11C-PBR28 distribution volume ratios. These ratios were calculated for the caudate and putamen using the reference Logan plot with the corpus callosum as the reference region. Partial volume effect corrections (Müller-Gartner algorithm) were applied. Differences were sought in Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale scores and regional distribution volume ratios between baseline and follow-up and between the two treatment groups (laquinimod versus placebo). No significant change in 11C-PBR28 distribution volume ratios was found post treatment in the caudate and putamen for both those treated with laquinimod (N = 10) and those treated with placebo (N = 5). Over time, the patients treated with laquinimod did not show a significant clinical improvement. Data from the 11C-PBR28 PET-CT study indicate that laquinimod may not have affected regional translocator protein expression and clinical performance over the studied period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Gennaro
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas P Lao-Kaim
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zoe Papoutsou
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David R Owen
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicola Kalk
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital,, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Paola Piccini
- Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
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18
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Yacoubian TA, Fang YHD, Gerstenecker A, Amara A, Stover N, Ruffrage L, Collette C, Kennedy R, Zhang Y, Hong H, Qin H, McConathy J, Benveniste EN, Standaert DG. Brain and Systemic Inflammation in De Novo Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 36853618 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the presence of brain and systemic inflammation in subjects newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). BACKGROUND Evidence for a pathophysiologic role of inflammation in PD is growing. However, several key gaps remain as to the role of inflammation in PD, including the extent of immune activation at early stages, potential effects of PD treatments on inflammation and whether pro-inflammatory signals are associated with clinical features and/or predict more rapid progression. METHODS We enrolled subjects with de novo PD (n = 58) and age-matched controls (n = 62). Subjects underwent clinical assessments, including the Movement Disorder Society-United Parkinson's Disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS). Comprehensive cognitive assessment meeting MDS Level II criteria for mild cognitive impairment testing was performed. Blood was obtained for flow cytometry and cytokine/chemokine analyses. Subjects underwent imaging with 18 F-DPA-714, a translocator protein 18kd ligand, and lumbar puncture if eligible and consented. RESULTS Baseline demographics and medical history were comparable between groups. PD subjects showed significant differences in University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, Scales for Outcomes in PD autonomic dysfunction, and MDS-UPDRS scores. Cognitive testing demonstrated significant differences in cognitive composite, executive function, and visuospatial domain scores at baseline. Positron emission tomography imaging showed increased 18 F-DPA-714 signal in PD subjects. 18 F-DPA-714 signal correlated with several cognitive measures and some chemokines. CONCLUSIONS 18 F-DPA-714 imaging demonstrated increased central inflammation in de novo PD subjects compared to controls. Longitudinal follow-up will be important to determine whether the presence of inflammation predicts cognitive decline. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Dean Fang
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adam Gerstenecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amy Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natividad Stover
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lauren Ruffrage
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher Collette
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Huixian Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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19
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Royse SK, Lopresti BJ, Mathis CA, Tollefson S, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: II. Novel applications for PET imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:401-443. [PMID: 35716057 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in psychiatry sought to identify derangements of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The need for more specific neurochemical imaging probes was soon evident, and these probes initially targeted the sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. For nearly 30 years, the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders drove the development of an armamentarium of monoaminergic PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies. However, continued investments in monoamine-enhancing drug development realized only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely parallelled drug development priorities, resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. In part two of this review, we survey clinical research studies using the novel targets and radiotracers described in part one across major psychiatric application areas such as substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. Important limitations of the studies described are discussed, as well as key methodologic issues, challenges to the field, and the status of clinical trials seeking to exploit these targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Royse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Lopresti BJ, Royse SK, Mathis CA, Tollefson SA, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: I. Novel targets and radiotracers for Positron emission tomography imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:364-400. [PMID: 35536762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [15 O]H2 O and [18 F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine-enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine-enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P2 X7 receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1 ), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lopresti
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah K Royse
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah A Tollefson
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Alvarez-Sanchez N, Dunn SE. Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175874. [PMID: 37122747 PMCID: PMC10140530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that targets the myelin sheath of central nervous system (CNS) neurons leading to axon injury, neuronal death, and neurological progression. Though women are more highly susceptible to developing MS, men that develop this disease exhibit greater cognitive impairment and accumulate disability more rapidly than women. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathology studies have revealed that the greater neurological progression seen in males correlates with chronic immune activation and increased iron accumulation at the rims of chronic white matter lesions as well as more intensive whole brain and grey matter atrophy and axon loss. Studies in humans and in animal models of MS suggest that male aged microglia do not have a higher propensity for inflammation, but may become more re-active at the rim of white matter lesions as a result of the presence of pro-inflammatory T cells, greater astrocyte activation or iron release from oligodendrocytes in the males. There is also evidence that remyelination is more efficient in aged female than aged male rodents and that male neurons are more susceptible to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Both sex chromosome complement and sex hormones contribute to these sex differences in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alvarez-Sanchez
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Dunn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shannon E. Dunn,
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22
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Boyle AJ, Murrell E, Tong J, Schifani C, Narvaez A, Wuest M, West F, Wuest F, Vasdev N. PET Imaging of Fructose Metabolism in a Rodent Model of Neuroinflammation with 6-[ 18F]fluoro-6-deoxy-D-fructose. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238529. [PMID: 36500626 PMCID: PMC9736258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeled 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-D-fructose (6-[18F]FDF) targets the fructose-preferred facilitative hexose transporter GLUT5, which is expressed predominantly in brain microglia and activated in response to inflammatory stimuli. We hypothesize that 6-[18F]FDF will specifically image microglia following neuroinflammatory insult. 6-[18F]FDF and, for comparison, [18F]FDG were evaluated in unilateral intra-striatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected male and female rats (50 µg/animal) by longitudinal dynamic PET imaging in vivo. In LPS-injected rats, increased accumulation of 6-[18F]FDF was observed at 48 h post-LPS injection, with plateaued uptake (60-120 min) that was significantly higher in the ipsilateral vs. contralateral striatum (0.985 ± 0.047 and 0.819 ± 0.033 SUV, respectively; p = 0.002, n = 4M/3F). The ipsilateral-contralateral difference in striatal 6-[18F]FDF uptake expressed as binding potential (BPSRTM) peaked at 48 h (0.19 ± 0.11) and was significantly decreased at one and two weeks. In contrast, increased [18F]FDG uptake in the ipsilateral striatum was highest at one week post-LPS injection (BPSRTM = 0.25 ± 0.06, n = 4M). Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry confirmed LPS-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes, respectively, in ipsilateral striatum. This proof-of-concept study revealed an early response of 6-[18F]FDF to neuroinflammatory stimuli in rat brain. 6-[18F]FDF represents a potential PET radiotracer for imaging microglial GLUT5 density in brain with applications in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Boyle
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.J.B.); (N.V.); Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30884) (A.J.B.); +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30988) (N.V.)
| | - Emily Murrell
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Christin Schifani
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Andrea Narvaez
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - Frederick West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.J.B.); (N.V.); Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30884) (A.J.B.); +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30988) (N.V.)
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23
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Tollefson S, Himes ML, Kozinski KM, Lopresti BJ, Mason NS, Hibbeln J, Muldoon MF, Narendran R. Imaging the Influence of Red Blood Cell Docosahexaenoic Acid Status on the Expression of the 18 kDa Translocator Protein in the Brain: A [ 11C]PBR28 Positron Emission Tomography Study in Young Healthy Men. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:998-1006. [PMID: 34607054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) shows anti-inflammatory/proresolution effects in the brain. Higher red blood cell (RBC) DHA in humans is associated with improved cognitive performance and a lower risk for suicide. Here, we hypothesized that binding to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a proxy for microglia levels, will be higher in individuals with low DHA relative to high DHA levels. We also postulated that higher TSPO would predict poor cognitive performance and impaired stress resilience. METHODS RBC DHA screening was performed in 320 healthy males. [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography was used to measure binding to TSPO in 38 and 32 males in the lowest and highest RBC DHA quartiles. Volumes of distribution expressed relative to total plasma ligand concentration (VT) was derived using an arterial input function-based kinetic analysis in 14 brain regions. RESULTS [11C]PBR28 VT was significantly lower (by 12% and 20% in C/T and C/C rs6971 genotypes) in males with low RBC DHA than in males with high RBC DHA. Regional VT was correlated positively and negatively with RBC DHA and serum triglycerides, respectively. No relationships between VT and cognitive performance or stress resilience measures were present. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, we found lower TSPO binding in low-DHA than in high-DHA subjects. It is unclear as to whether low TSPO binding reflects differences in microglia levels and/or triglyceride metabolism in this study. Future studies with specific targets are necessary to confirm the effect of DHA on microglia. These results underscore the need to consider lipid parameters as a factor when interpreting TSPO positron emission tomography clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn M Kozinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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24
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Butler T, Glodzik L, Wang XH, Xi K, Li Y, Pan H, Zhou L, Chiang GCY, Morim S, Wickramasuriya N, Tanzi E, Maloney T, Harvey P, Mao X, Razlighi QR, Rusinek H, Shungu DC, de Leon M, Atwood CS, Mozley PD. Positron Emission Tomography reveals age-associated hypothalamic microglial activation in women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13351. [PMID: 35922659 PMCID: PMC9349172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, hypothalamic inflammation plays a critical role in aging and age-related diseases. Hypothalamic inflammation has not previously been assessed in vivo in humans. We used Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with a radiotracer sensitive to the translocator protein (TSPO) expressed by activated microglia, to assess correlations between age and regional brain TSPO in a group of healthy subjects (n = 43, 19 female, aged 23-78), focusing on hypothalamus. We found robust age-correlated TSPO expression in thalamus but not hypothalamus in the combined group of women and men. This pattern differs from what has been described in rodents. Prominent age-correlated TSPO expression in thalamus in humans, but in hypothalamus in rodents, could reflect evolutionary changes in size and function of thalamus versus hypothalamus, and may be relevant to the appropriateness of using rodents to model human aging. When examining TSPO PET results in women and men separately, we found that only women showed age-correlated hypothalamic TSPO expression. We suggest this novel result is relevant to understanding a stark sex difference in human aging: that only women undergo loss of fertility-menopause-at mid-life. Our finding of age-correlated hypothalamic inflammation in women could have implications for understanding and perhaps altering reproductive aging in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Hugh Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ke Xi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Liangdong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Simon Morim
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Nimmi Wickramasuriya
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emily Tanzi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Harvey
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Qolamreza Ray Razlighi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Henry Rusinek
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mony de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 405 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Gerontology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, USA
| | - P David Mozley
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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25
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Rauchmann B, Brendel M, Franzmeier N, Trappmann L, Zaganjori M, Ersoezlue E, Morenas‐Rodriguez E, Guersel S, Burow L, Kurz C, Haeckert J, Tatò M, Utecht J, Papazov B, Pogarell O, Janowitz D, Buerger K, Ewers M, Palleis C, Weidinger E, Biechele G, Schuster S, Finze A, Eckenweber F, Rupprecht R, Rominger A, Goldhardt O, Grimmer T, Keeser D, Stoecklein S, Dietrich O, Bartenstein P, Levin J, Höglinger G, Perneczky R. Microglial activation and connectivity in Alzheimer's disease and aging. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:768-781. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.26465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris‐Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital LMU Munich Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lena Trappmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Mirlind Zaganjori
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Estrella Morenas‐Rodriguez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Jan Haeckert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics University of Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Maia Tatò
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Sebastian Schuster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Anika Finze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University of Bern, Inselspital Bern Switzerland
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital LMU Munich Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Olaf Dietrich
- Department of Radiology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Munich Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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26
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Cervenka S, Frick A, Bodén R, Lubberink M. Application of positron emission tomography in psychiatry-methodological developments and future directions. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:248. [PMID: 35701411 PMCID: PMC9198063 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent an increasing source of disability and high costs for societies globally. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) represent powerful tools with the potential to advance knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, allowing the development of new treatment approaches. Thus far, most PET research on pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders has focused on the monoaminergic neurotransmission systems, and although a series of discoveries have been made, the results have not led to any material changes in clinical practice. We outline areas of methodological development that can address some of the important obstacles to fruitful progress. First, we point towards new radioligands and targets that can lead to the identification of processes upstream, or parallel to disturbances in monoaminergic systems. Second, we describe the development of new methods of PET data quantification and PET systems that may facilitate research in psychiatric populations. Third, we review the application of multimodal imaging that can link molecular imaging data to other aspects of brain function, thus deepening our understanding of disease processes. Fourth, we highlight the need to develop imaging study protocols to include longitudinal and interventional paradigms, as well as frameworks to assess dimensional symptoms such that the field can move beyond cross-sectional studies within current diagnostic boundaries. Particular effort should be paid to include also the most severely ill patients. Finally, we discuss the importance of harmonizing data collection and promoting data sharing to reach the desired sample sizes needed to fully capture the phenotype of psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cervenka
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Frick
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Bodén
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gao S, Li N, Wang Y, Lin Z, Zhu Y, Xu J, Zhang Q, Zhu C, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Shen X. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor alleviates neovascular retinopathy with regulated neurotrophic/proinflammatory cytokines through the modulation of DBI-TSPO signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22367. [PMID: 35639422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101294rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)-translocator protein (18kDa) (TSPO) signaling in the retina was reported to possess coordinated macroglia-microglia interactions. We investigated DBI-TSPO signaling and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neurotrophic or inflammatory cytokines in neovascular retinopathy, and under hypoxic conditions. The vitreous expression of DBI, VEGF, nerve growth factor (NGF), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were examined in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients with or without anti-VEGF therapy and nondiabetic controls. Retinal DBI-TSPO signaling and the effect of the anti-VEGF agent were evaluated in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Interactions between Müller cell-derived VEGF and DBI, as well as cocultured microglial cells under hypoxic conditions, were studied, using Western blot, real-time RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunofluorescent labeling. Results showed that vitreous levels of DBI, VEGF, NGF, and IL-1β were significantly higher in PDR patients compared with controls, which further changed after anti-VEGF therapy. A statistical association was found between vitreous DBI and VEGF, NGF, IL-1β, and age. The application of the anti-VEGF agent in the OIR model induced retinal expression of DBI and NGF, and attenuated inflammation and microglial cell activation. Inhibition of Müller cell-derived VEGF could increase its DBI expression under hypoxic conditions, while the DBI-TSPO signaling pathway is essential for anti-VEGF agents exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, as well as limiting inflammatory magnitude, promoting its neurotrophin production and anti-inflammatory (M2) polarization in microglial cells. These findings suggest the beneficial effect of anti-VEGF therapy on inflammation and neurotrophy of retinal glial cells through modulation of the DBI-TSPO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanji Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, LuWan Branch, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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In vivo imaging translocator protein (TSPO) in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1421-1427. [PMID: 35383319 PMCID: PMC9117200 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence points to the significant involvement of the immune system in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Positron emission tomography (PET) can quantify translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a marker with increased expression mainly in microglia and, to some extent astroglia during neuropsychiatric diseases with inflammation. This preliminary analysis explored, for the first time, whether TSPO binding was altered in male and female participants with ASD in vivo using full kinetic quantification. Thirteen individuals with ASD (IQ > 70 [n = 12], IQ = 62 [n = 1]), 5 F, 25 ± 5 years) were scanned with [18F]FEPPA PET. Data from 13 typically developing control participants with matching age and TSPO rs6971 polymorphism (9 F, age 24 ± 5 years) were chosen from previous studies for comparison. The two tissue compartment model (2TCM) was used to determine the total volume of distribution ([18F]FEPPA VT) in four previously identified regions of interest (ROI): prefrontal, temporal, cerebellar, and anterior cingulate cortices. We observe no significant difference in [18F]FEPPA VT relative to controls (F(1,26)= 1.74, p = 0.20). However, 2 ASD participants with higher VT had concurrent major depressive episodes (MDE), which has been consistently reported during MDE. After excluding those 2 ASD participants, in a post-hoc analysis, our results show lower [18F]FEPPA VT in ASD participants compared to controls (F(1,24)= 6.62, p = 0.02). This preliminary analysis provides evidence suggesting an atypical neuroimmune state in ASD.
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Microglia as Therapeutic and Imaging Targets in Alzheimer's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092780. [PMID: 35566132 PMCID: PMC9102429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and tauopathy are considered the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but attenuation in choline signaling, including decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), is evident in the early phase of AD. Currently, there are no drugs that can suppress the progression of AD due to a limited understanding of AD pathophysiology. For this, diagnostic methods that can assess disease progression non-invasively before the onset of AD symptoms are essential, and it would be valuable to incorporate the concept of neurotheranostics, which simultaneously enables diagnosis and treatment. The neuroprotective pathways activated by nAChRs are attractive targets as these receptors may regulate microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. Microglia exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions that could be modulated to mitigate AD pathogenesis. Currently, single-cell analysis is identifying microglial subpopulations that may have specific functions in different stages of AD pathologies. Thus, the ability to image nAChRs and microglia in AD according to the stage of the disease in the living brain may lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent findings on the nAChRs and microglia, as well as their methods for live imaging in the context of diagnosis, prophylaxis, and therapy for AD.
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Dion-Albert L, Bandeira Binder L, Daigle B, Hong-Minh A, Lebel M, Menard C. Sex differences in the blood-brain barrier: Implications for mental health. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100989. [PMID: 35271863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies. Growing evidence points toward major sex differences in these conditions, and high rates of treatment resistance support the need to consider novel biological mechanisms outside of neuronal function to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Blood-brain barrier alterations have been reported in MDD, BD and SZ. Here, we provide an overview of sex-specific immune, endocrine, vascular and transcriptional-mediated changes that could affect neurovascular integrity and possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. We also identify pitfalls in current literature and highlight promising vascular biomarkers. Better understanding of how these adaptations can contribute to mental health status is essential not only in the context of MDD, BD and SZ but also cardiovascular diseases and stroke which are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Luisa Bandeira Binder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Beatrice Daigle
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Amandine Hong-Minh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
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Rossi A, Mikail N, Bengs S, Haider A, Treyer V, Buechel RR, Wegener S, Rauen K, Tawakol A, Bairey Merz CN, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Gebhard C. Heart-brain interactions in cardiac and brain diseases: why sex matters. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3971-3980. [PMID: 35194633 PMCID: PMC9794190 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and brain disorders, such as depression and cognitive dysfunction, are highly prevalent conditions and are among the leading causes limiting patient's quality of life. A growing body of evidence has shown an intimate crosstalk between the heart and the brain, resulting from a complex network of several physiological and neurohumoral circuits. From a pathophysiological perspective, both organs share common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking or dyslipidaemia, and are similarly affected by systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system. In addition, there is an increasing awareness that physiological interactions between the two organs play important roles in potentiating disease and that sex- and gender-related differences modify those interactions between the heart and the brain over the entire lifespan. The present review summarizes contemporary evidence of the effect of sex on heart-brain interactions and how these influence pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and treatment responses of specific heart and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Ralf Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The 18 kDa translocator protein is associated with microglia in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly subjects. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100045. [PMID: 36908874 PMCID: PMC9997180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in the brain expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is considered as a marker of neuroinflammation in the context of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in non-demented subjects with Alzheimer's neuropathology, TSPO accumulation in hippocampus subdivisions has not been fully characterized. To determine if TSPO is associated with the presence of amyloid β plaques and/or phosphorylated Tau accumulation, we analyzed hippocampal sections using immunohistochemistry of 14 non-demented subjects with positive staining for Aβ and/or phosphorylated Tau. TSPO expression was heterogenous with higher accumulation in the CA2/3 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus. Its distribution closely resembled that of the microglial IBA1 marker and of the Aβ42 amyloid form. In addition, positive correlations were observed between TSPO and IBA1 densities in CA4, CA2/3 and the subiculum but not with either the astrocyte GFAP marker or the AD-type Aβ and Tau markers. This study sustains the hypothesis that TSPO is mainly associated with microglia and in Aβ42-rich subdivisions in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly individuals.
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Abstract
In the field of neuropsychiatry, neuroinflammation is one of the prevailing hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of mood and psychotic disorders. Neuroinflammation encompasses an ill-defined set of pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system that cause neuronal or glial atrophy or death and disruptions in neurotransmitter signaling, resulting in cognitive and behavioral changes. Positron emission tomography for the brain-based translocator protein has been shown to be a useful tool to measure glial activation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent neuroimaging studies also indicate a potential disruption in the choroid plexus and blood-brain barrier, which modulate the transfer of ions, molecules, toxins, and cells from the periphery into the brain. Simultaneously, peripheral inflammatory markers have consistently been shown to be altered in mood and psychotic disorders. The crosstalk (i.e., the communication between peripheral and central inflammatory pathways) is not well understood in these disorders, however, and neuroimaging studies hold promise to shed light on this complex process. In the current Perspectives article, we discuss the neuroimaging insights into neuroimmune crosstalk offered in selected works. Overall, evidence exists for peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system in some patients, but the reason for this is unknown. Future neuroimaging studies should aim to extend our knowledge of this system and the role it likely plays in symptom onset and recurrence.
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Joo YH, Lee MW, Son YD, Chang KA, Yaqub M, Kim HK, Cumming P, Kim JH. In Vivo Cerebral Translocator Protein (TSPO) Binding and Its Relationship with Blood Adiponectin Levels in Treatment-Naïve Young Adults with Major Depression: A [ 11C]PK11195 PET Study. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010034. [PMID: 35052718 PMCID: PMC8773340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine that mediates cellular cholesterol efflux and plays important roles in neuroinflammatory processes. In this study, we undertook positron emission tomography (PET) with the translocator protein (TSPO) ligand [11C]PK11195 and measured serum adiponectin levels in groups of treatment-naïve young adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched healthy controls. Thirty treatment-naïve MDD patients (median age: 24 years) and twenty-three healthy controls underwent [11C]PK11195 PET. We quantified TSPO availability in brain as the [11C]PK11195 binding potential (BPND) using a reference tissue model in conjunction with the supervised cluster analysis (SVCA4) algorithm. Age, sex distribution, body mass index, and serum adiponectin levels did not differ between the groups. Between-group analysis using a region-of-interest approach showed significantly higher [11C]PK11195 BPND in the left anterior and right posterior cingulate cortices in MDD patients than in controls. Serum adiponectin levels had significant negative correlations with [11C]PK11195 BPND in the bilateral hippocampus in MDD patients, but significant positive correlations in the bilateral hippocampus in the control group. Our results indicate significantly higher TSPO binding in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices in treatment-naïve young MDD patients, suggesting microglial activation in these limbic regions, which are involved in cognitive and emotional processing. The opposite correlations between [11C]PK11195 BPND in the hippocampus with serum adiponectin levels in MDD and control groups suggest that microglial activation in the hippocampus may respond differentially to adiponectin signaling in MDD and healthy subjects, possibly with respect to microglial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Joo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-D.S.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-K.K.)
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-D.S.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-K.K.)
| | - Young-Don Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-D.S.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-K.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-D.S.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-K.K.)
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-D.S.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-K.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (M.-W.L.); (Y.-D.S.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-K.K.)
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-460-2696
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Dirks M, Buchert R, Wirries AK, Pflugrad H, Grosse GM, Petrusch C, Schütze C, Wilke F, Mamach M, Hamann L, Langer LBN, Ding XQ, Barg-Hock H, Klempnauer J, Wetzel CH, Lukacevic M, Janssen E, Kessler M, Bengel FM, Geworski L, Rupprecht R, Ross TL, Berding G, Weissenborn K. Reduced microglia activity in patients with long-term immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:234-245. [PMID: 33978829 PMCID: PMC8712291 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) can cause long-term impairment of brain function. Possible pathomechanisms include alterations of the cerebral immune system. This study used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the translocator protein (TSPO) ligand 18F-GE-180 to evaluate microglial activation in liver-transplanted patients under different regimens of immunosuppression. METHODS PET was performed in 22 liver-transplanted patients (3 CNI free, 9 with low-dose CNI, 10 with standard-dose CNI immunosuppression) and 9 healthy controls. The total distribution volume (VT) estimated in 12 volumes-of-interest was analyzed regarding TSPO genotype, CNI therapy, and cognitive performance. RESULTS In controls, VT was about 80% higher in high affinity binders (n = 5) compared to mixed affinity binders (n = 3). Mean VT corrected for TSPO genotype was significantly lower in patients compared to controls, especially in patients in whom CNI dose had been reduced because of nephrotoxic side effect. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence of chronic suppression of microglial activity in liver-transplanted patients under CNI therapy especially in patients with high sensitivity to CNI toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Dirks
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Wirries
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Pflugrad
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit M Grosse
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlotta Petrusch
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Schütze
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Wilke
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Mamach
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linda Hamann
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura B N Langer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiao-Qi Ding
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannelore Barg-Hock
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klempnauer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mario Lukacevic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Janssen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariella Kessler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lilli Geworski
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Berding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Weissenborn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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36
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De Picker LJ, Haarman BCM. Applicability, potential and limitations of TSPO PET imaging as a clinical immunopsychiatry biomarker. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:164-173. [PMID: 33735406 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE TSPO PET imaging may hold promise as a single-step diagnostic work-up for clinical immunopsychiatry. This review paper on the clinical applicability of TSPO PET for primary psychiatric disorders discusses if and why TSPO PET imaging might become the first clinical immunopsychiatry biomarker and the investment prerequisites and scientific advancements needed to accommodate this transition from bench to bedside. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the literature to identify clinical studies of TSPO PET imaging in patients with primary psychiatric disorders. We included both original case-control studies as well as longitudinal cohort studies of patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis. RESULTS Thirty-one original studies met our inclusion criteria. In the field of immunopsychiatry, TSPO PET has until now mostly been studied in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, and to a lesser extent in mood disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. Quantitative TSPO PET appears most promising as a predictive biomarker for the transdiagnostic identification of subgroups or disease stages that could benefit from immunological treatments, or as a prognostic biomarker forecasting patients' illness course. Current scanning protocols are still too unreliable, impractical and invasive for clinical use in symptomatic psychiatric patients. CONCLUSION TSPO PET imaging in its present form does not yet offer a sufficiently attractive cost-benefit ratio to become a clinical immunopsychiatry biomarker. Its translation to psychiatric clinical practice will depend on the prioritising of longitudinal research and the establishment of a uniform protocol rendering clinically meaningful TSPO uptake quantification at the shortest possible scan duration without arterial cannulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia J De Picker
- University Psychiatric Hospital Campus Duffel, Stationsstraat 22C, 2570, Duffel, Belgium.
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 1, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Benno C M Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RA, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RA, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Da Silva T, Guma E, Hafizi S, Koppel A, Rusjan P, Kennedy JL, Chakravarty MM, Mizrahi R. Genetically Predicted Brain C4A Expression Is Associated With TSPO and Hippocampal Morphology. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:652-660. [PMID: 34456009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the immune system, particularly C4A, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. C4A promotes synapse elimination by microglia in preclinical models; however, it is unknown whether this process is also present in living humans and how it affects brain morphology. METHODS Participants (N = 111; 33 patients with psychosis, 37 individuals at clinical high risk, and 41 healthy control subjects) underwent a TSPO [18F]FEPPA positron emission tomography scan and a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Brain C4A expression was genetically predicted as a function of the dosage of each of 4 structural elements (C4AL, C4BL, C4AS, C4BS). RESULTS Higher genetically predicted brain C4A expression was associated with higher brain microglial marker (TSPO) and altered hippocampal morphology, including reduced surface area and medial displacement in the CA1 area. This study is the first to quantify genetically predicted brain C4A expression in individuals at clinical high risk, showing significantly lower C4A in individuals at clinical high risk compared with healthy control subjects. We also showed a robust effect of sex on genetically predicted brain C4A expression and effects of both sex and cannabis use on brain TSPO. CONCLUSIONS This study shows for the first time complement system (C4A) coupling with a microglial marker (TSPO) and hippocampal morphology in living human brain. These findings pave the way for future research on the interaction between C4A and glial cell function, which has the potential to inform the disease mechanism underlying psychosis and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Da Silva
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Alex Koppel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mallar M Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Aceves-Serrano L, Sossi V, Doudet DJ. Comparison of Invasive and Non-invasive Estimation of [ 11C]PBR28 Binding in Non-human Primates. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:404-415. [PMID: 34622422 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify a reliable alternative to the full blood [11C]PBR28 quantification method that would be easily replicated in multiple research and clinical settings. PROCEDURES Ten [11C]PBR28 scans were acquired from 7 healthy non-human primates (NHP). Arterial input functions (AIFs) were averaged to create a population template input function (TIF). Population-based input functions were created by scaling the TIF with injected activity per body weight (PBIF) or unmetabolized tracer activity in blood at 15-,30-, and 60-min post-injection (PBIF15, PBIF30, and PBIF60). Two additional input functions were used: the native unmetabolized total plasma activity (Totals) and the Totals curve metabolite corrected by a scaled template parent fraction from a 30-min sample (TPF30-IF). Total distribution volumes (VTs) were calculated using PBIF, PBIF30, PBIF15, PBIF60, Totals, TPF30-IF, and the individual AIF (VTAIF). Distribution volume ratios (DVR) were computed using the cerebellum and the centrum semiovale (CSO), as pseudo-reference regions (DVRCereb, DVRCSO). Results obtained with each method were compared to VTAIF. Applicability of these alternative methods was tested on an independent pharmacological challenge dataset of microglial activation and depletion. Evaluation was carried at baseline, immediately after intervention (acute), and weeks post-intervention (post-recovery). RESULTS VTs computed using PBIF15 and PBIF30 showed the best correlation to VTAIF (r > 0.90), while VT derived from the blood-free-scaled PBIF showed poor correlation (r = 0.46) and DVRCSO correlated the least (r = 0.26). In the pharmacological challenge study, most population-derived VT values were comparable to VTAIF at baseline and showed varied sensitivity to challenges at acute and post-recovery evaluation. DVR values did not detect relevant changes. CONCLUSIONS Population-based input functions scaled with a single blood sample might be a useful alternative to using AIF to compute [11C]PBR28 binding in healthy NHPs or animals with comparable metabolism and overall perform better than pseudo-reference regions approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Aceves-Serrano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Rm M36 Purdy Pavilion, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Doris J Doudet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Rm M36 Purdy Pavilion, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
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Jucaite A, Cselényi Z, Kreisl WC, Rabiner EA, Varrone A, Carson RE, Rinne JO, Savage A, Schou M, Johnström P, Svenningsson P, Rascol O, Meissner WG, Barone P, Seppi K, Kaufmann H, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Farde L. Glia Imaging Differentiates Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson's Disease: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with [ 11 C]PBR28 and Machine Learning Analysis. Mov Disord 2021; 37:119-129. [PMID: 34609758 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is challenged by overlapping features with Parkinson's disease (PD) and late-onset ataxias. Additional biomarkers are needed to confirm MSA and to advance the understanding of pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO), expressed by glia cells, has shown elevations in MSA. OBJECTIVE In this multicenter PET study, we assess the performance of TSPO imaging as a diagnostic marker for MSA. METHODS We analyzed [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO using imaging data of 66 patients with MSA and 24 patients with PD. Group comparisons were based on regional analysis of parametric images. The diagnostic readout included visual reading of PET images against clinical diagnosis and machine learning analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curves were used to discriminate MSA from PD and cerebellar from parkinsonian variant MSA. RESULTS We observed a conspicuous pattern of elevated regional [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in MSA as compared with PD, with "hotspots" in the lentiform nucleus and cerebellar white matter. Visual reading discriminated MSA from PD with 100% specificity and 83% sensitivity. The machine learning approach improved sensitivity to 96%. We identified MSA subtype-specific TSPO binding patterns. CONCLUSIONS We found a pattern of significantly increased regional glial TSPO binding in patients with MSA. Intriguingly, our data are in line with severe neuroinflammation in MSA. Glia imaging may have potential to support clinical MSA diagnosis and patient stratification in clinical trials on novel drug therapies for an α-synucleinopathy that remains strikingly incurable. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William C Kreisl
- Taub Institute, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, London, UK.,Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivier Rascol
- French MSA Reference Centre, Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1436, Department of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, NeuroToul COEN Centre, UMR 1 214-ToNIC and University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM and University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- CRMR AMS, Service de Neurologie-Maladies Neurodégénératives, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Centre, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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A pilot [ 11C]PBR28 PET/MRI study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in chronic stroke patients. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100336. [PMID: 34589819 PMCID: PMC8474408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation occurs in response to acute ischemic stroke, and has been speculated to underlie secondary poststroke pathologies, such as depression, that often develop over time poststroke. However, no study has examined whether neuroinflammation is present in chronic stroke patients (e.g., ≥ 1 year poststroke). This study tested whether neuroinflammation is present in chronic stroke patients, and is associated with neurodegeneration, using [11C]PBR28 PET and diffusion MRI. Eight patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke incurred 1–3 years prior and 16 healthy controls underwent [11C]PBR28 PET to measure glial activation and diffusion MRI to measure microstructural integrity by mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) using an integrated PET/MRI scanner. Group differences in [11C]PBR28 binding, MD and FA were analyzed voxelwise across the whole brain excluding the infarct zone defined as voxels containing the infarct in any patient. Compared to controls, patients showed elevations in [11C]PBR28 binding in several brain regions outside the infarct zone, including regions with presumed direct neuroanatomical connections to the infarct (e.g., ipsilesional internal capsule and thalamus) and those without known direct connections (e.g., contralesional thalamus and cingulate gyrus). Patients also showed widespread elevations in MD, with a subset of these regions having reduced FA. In patients, MD was more elevated in regions with co-localized elevations in [11C]PBR28 binding than in contralateral regions without elevations in [11C]PBR28 binding. This pilot study supports the presence of extensive glial activation along with widespread loss in microstructural integrity in non-infarcted tissue in a cohort of patients with chronic MCA stroke. The loss in microstructural integrity was greater in regions with co-localized glial activation. It is possible that stroke risk factors (e.g., hypertension) contributed to these tissue changes in patients. Chronic neuroinflammation speculated to underlie secondary poststroke pathologies such as depression. Measured neuroinflammation in chronic stroke patients using [11C]PBR28 PET. First study showing extensive neuroinflammation in non-infarcted tissue in chronic stroke patients.
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De Picker LJ, Victoriano GM, Richards R, Gorvett AJ, Lyons S, Buckland GR, Tofani T, Norman JL, Chatelet DS, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Immune environment of the brain in schizophrenia and during the psychotic episode: A human post-mortem study. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:319-327. [PMID: 34339805 PMCID: PMC8475749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A causal relationship between immune dysregulation and schizophrenia has been supported by genome-wide association studies and epidemiological evidence. It remains unclear to what extent the brain immune environment is implicated in this hypothesis. We investigated the immunophenotype of microglia and the presence of perivascular macrophages and T lymphocytes in post-mortem brain tissue. Dorsal prefrontal cortex of 40 controls (22F:18M) and 37 (10F:27M) schizophrenia cases, of whom 16 had active psychotic symptoms at the time of death, was immunostained for seven markers of microglia (CD16, CD32a, CD64, CD68, HLA-DR, Iba1 and P2RY12), two markers for perivascular macrophages (CD163 and CD206) and T-lymphocytes (CD3). Automated quantification was blinded to the case designation and performed separately on the grey and white matter. 3D reconstruction of Iba1-positive microglia was performed in selected cases. An increased cortical expression of microglial Fcγ receptors (CD64 F = 7.92, p = 0.007; CD64/HLA-DR ratio F = 5.02, p = 0.029) highlights the importance of communication between the central and peripheral immune systems in schizophrenia. Patients in whom psychotic symptoms were present at death demonstrated an age-dependent increase of Iba1 and increased CD64/HLA-DR ratios relative to patients without psychotic symptoms. Microglia in schizophrenia demonstrated a primed/reactive morphology. A potential role for T-lymphocytes was observed, but we did not confirm the presence of recruited macrophages in the brains of schizophrenia patients. Taking in account the limitations of a post-mortem study, our findings support the hypothesis of an alteration of the brain immune environment in schizophrenia, with symptomatic state- and age-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia J De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Department Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Gerardo Mendez Victoriano
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rhys Richards
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alexander J Gorvett
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Simeon Lyons
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - George R Buckland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tommaso Tofani
- Psychiatry Unit, Health Science Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jeanette L Norman
- Histochemistry Research Unit, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David S Chatelet
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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42
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Wang J, Beecher K. TSPO: an emerging role in appetite for a therapeutically promising biomarker. Open Biol 2021; 11:210173. [PMID: 34343461 PMCID: PMC8331234 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that an obesogenic Western diet causes neuroinflammatory damage to the brain, which then promotes further appetitive behaviour. Neuroinflammation has been extensively studied by analysing the translocator protein of 18 kDa (TSPO), a protein that is upregulated in the inflamed brain following a damaging stimulus. As a result, there is a rich supply of TSPO-specific agonists, antagonists and positron emission tomography ligands. One TSPO ligand, etifoxine, is also currently used clinically for the treatment of anxiety with a minimal side-effect profile. Despite the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity, and the translational potential of targeting TSPO, there is sparse literature characterizing the effect of TSPO on appetite. Therefore, in this review, the influence of TSPO on appetite is discussed. Three putative mechanisms for TSPO's appetite-modulatory effect are then characterized: the TSPO–allopregnanolone–GABAAR signalling axis, glucosensing in tanycytes and association with the synaptic protein RIM-BP1. We highlight that, in addition to its plethora of functions, TSPO is a regulator of appetite. This review ultimately suggests that the appetite-modulating function of TSPO should be further explored due to its potential therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wang
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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43
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Peters van Ton AM, Leijte GP, Franssen GM, Bruse N, Booij J, Doorduin J, Rijpkema M, Kox M, Abdo WF, Pickkers P. Human in vivo neuroimaging to detect reprogramming of the cerebral immune response following repeated systemic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:321-329. [PMID: 33839233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that immune training within the brain may affect the clinical course of neuropsychiatric diseases, data on cerebral immune tolerance are scarce. This study in healthy volunteers examined the trajectory of the immune response systemically and within the brain following repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges. Five young males underwent experimental human endotoxemia (intravenous administration of 2 ng/kg LPS) twice with a 7-day interval. The systemic immune response was assessed by measuring plasma cytokine levels. Four positron emission tomography (PET) examinations, using the translocator protein (TSPO) ligand 18F-DPA-714, were performed in each participant, to assess brain immune cell activation prior to and 5 hours after both LPS challenges. The first LPS challenge caused a profound systemic inflammatory response and resulted in a 53% [95%CI 36-71%] increase in global cerebral 18F-DPA-714 binding (p < 0.0001). Six days after the first challenge, 18F-DPA-714 binding had returned to baseline levels (p = 0.399). While the second LPS challenge resulted in a less pronounced systemic inflammatory response (i.e. 77 ± 14% decrease in IL-6 compared to the first challenge), cerebral inflammation was not attenuated, but decreased below baseline, illustrated by a diffuse reduction of cerebral 18F-DPA-714 binding (-38% [95%CI -47 to -28%], p < 0.0001). Our findings constitute evidence for in vivo immunological reprogramming in the brain following a second inflammatory insult in healthy volunteers, which could represent a neuroprotective mechanism. These results pave the way for further studies on immunotolerance in the brain in patients with systemic inflammation-induced cerebral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M Peters van Ton
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Guus P Leijte
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niklas Bruse
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilson F Abdo
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Patkar OL, Mohamed AZ, Narayanan A, Mardon K, Cowin G, Bhalla R, Stimson DHR, Kassiou M, Beecher K, Belmer A, Alvarez Cooper I, Morgan M, Hume DA, Irvine KM, Bartlett SE, Nasrallah F, Cumming P. A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11252. [PMID: 34045616 PMCID: PMC8160215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the dire cardiometabolic consequences of the hypercaloric modern 'Western' diet are well known, there is not much information on the health impact of a high sucrose diet not inducing weight gain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rats reared with intermittent binge access to sucrose in addition to normal chow would develop an inflammatory response in brain. To test this hypothesis, we undertook serial PET/MRI scans with the TSPO ligand [18F]DPA714 in a group of (n=9) rats at baseline and again after voluntarily consuming 5% sucrose solution three days a week for three months. Compared to a control group fed with normal chow (n=9), the sucrose rats indeed showed widespread increases in the availability of cerebral binding sites for the microglial marker, despite normal weight gain compared to the control diet group. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the brains confirmed the PET findings, showing a widespread 20% increase in the abundance of IBA-1-positive microglia with characteristic 'semi-activated' morphology in the binge sucrose rats, which had 23% lower density of microglial endpoints and 25% lower mean process length compared to microglia in the control rats with ordinary feeding. GFAP immunofluorescence showed no difference in astroglial coverage in the sucrose rats, except for a slight reduction in hypothalamus. The binge sucrose diet-induced neuroinflammation was associated with a significant elevation of white blood cell counts. Taking these results together, we find that long-term intake of sucrose in a binge paradigm, similar in sucrose content to the contemporary Western diet, triggered a low-grade systemic and central inflammation in non-obese rats. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar L Patkar
- Macrophage Biology Group, Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Abdalla Z Mohamed
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashwin Narayanan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Damion H R Stimson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ignatius Alvarez Cooper
- Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Morgan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Macrophage Biology Group, Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Macrophage Biology Group, Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatima Nasrallah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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45
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Vettermann FJ, Harris S, Schmitt J, Unterrainer M, Lindner S, Rauchmann BS, Palleis C, Weidinger E, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Schuster S, Biechele G, Ferschmann C, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH, Rupprecht R, Janowitz D, Buerger K, Perneczky R, Höglinger GU, Levin J, Haass C, Tonn JC, Niyazi M, Bartenstein P, Albert NL, Brendel M. Impact of TSPO Receptor Polymorphism on [ 18F]GE-180 Binding in Healthy Brain and Pseudo-Reference Regions of Neurooncological and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:484. [PMID: 34073557 PMCID: PMC8229996 DOI: 10.3390/life11060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TSPO-PET tracers are sensitive to a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6971-SNP), resulting in low-, medium- and high-affinity binders (LABs, MABs and HABS), but the clinical relevance of [18F]GE-180 is still unclear. We evaluated the impact of rs6971-SNP on in vivo [18F]GE-180 binding in a healthy brain and in pseudo-reference tissue in neuro-oncological and neurodegenerative diseases. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) of [18F]GE-180-PET were assessed using a manually drawn region of interest in the frontoparietal and cerebellar hemispheres. The SUVs were compared between the LABs, MABs and HABs in control, glioma, four-repeat tauopathy (4RT) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. Second, the SUVs were compared between the patients and controls within their rs6971-subgroups. After excluding patients with prior therapy, 24 LABs (7 control, 5 glioma, 6 4RT and 6 AD) were analyzed. Age- and sex-matched MABs (n = 38) and HABs (n = 50) were selected. The LABs had lower frontoparietal and cerebellar SUVs when compared with the MABs and HABs, but no significant difference was observed between the MABs and HABs. Within each rs6971 group, no SUV difference between the patients and controls was detected in the pseudo-reference tissues. The rs6971-SNP affects [18F]GE-180 quantification, revealing lower binding in the LABs when compared to the MABs and HABs. The frontoparietal and cerebellar ROIs were successfully validated as pseudo-reference regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska J Vettermann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Harris
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Schmitt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schuster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Ferschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Joerg C Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Plavén-Sigray P, Matheson GJ, Coughlin JM, Hafizi S, Laurikainen H, Ottoy J, De Picker L, Rusjan P, Hietala J, Howes OD, Mizrahi R, Morrens M, Pomper MG, Cervenka S. Meta-analysis of the Glial Marker TSPO in Psychosis Revisited: Reconciling Inconclusive Findings of Patient-Control Differences. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:e5-e8. [PMID: 32682565 PMCID: PMC7899168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Granville J. Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Neuropsychiatric Imaging Group, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Julie Ottoy
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Livia De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Neuropsychiatric Imaging Group, Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Hammersmith Hospital; and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
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47
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Toppala S, Ekblad LL, Tuisku J, Helin S, Johansson JJ, Laine H, Löyttyniemi E, Marjamäki P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Jula A, Viitanen M, Rinne JO. Association of Early β-Amyloid Accumulation and Neuroinflammation Measured With [ 11C]PBR28 in Elderly Individuals Without Dementia. Neurology 2021; 96:e1608-e1619. [PMID: 33514647 PMCID: PMC8032368 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine whether early β–amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and metabolic risk factors are associated with neuroinflammation in elderly individuals without dementia. Methods We examined 54 volunteers (mean age 70.0 years, 56% women, 51% APOE ɛ4 carriers) with the translocator protein (TSPO) tracer [11C]PBR28 to assess neuroinflammation and with [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) to assess cerebral Aβ accumulation. [11C]PBR28 and [11C]PiB standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were quantified in 6 regions of interests by using the cerebellar cortex as a pseudo-reference and reference region, respectively. Fasting venous glucose, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values were determined. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. A subset of individuals (n = 11) underwent CSF sampling, and Aβ40, Aβ42, total tau, phospho-tau, soluble TREM2, and YKL-40 levels were measured. Results Among the whole study group, no significant association was found between [11C]PiB and [11C]PBR28 SUVR composite scores (slope 0.02, p = 0.30). However, higher [11C]PiB binding was associated with higher [11C]PBR28 binding among amyloid-negative ([11C]PiB composite score ≤1.5) (TSPO genotype–, age- and sex-adjusted slope 0.26, p = 0.008) but not among amyloid-positive (slope −0.004, p = 0.88) participants. Higher CSF soluble TREM2 (rs = 0.72, p = 0.01) and YKL-40 (rs = 0.63, p = 0.04) concentrations were associated with a higher [11C]PBR28 composite score. Higher body mass index, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were associated with higher [11C]PBR28 binding in brain regions where Aβ accumulation is first detected in Alzheimer disease. Conclusions While there was no association between amyloid and neuroinflammation in the overall study group, neuroinflammation was associated with amyloid among the subgroup at early stages of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Toppala
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarkko J Johansson
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Hanna Laine
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Marjamäki
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Matti Viitanen
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- From the Turku PET Centre (S.T., L.L.E., J.T., S.H., J.J., P.M., J.O.R.) and Department of Biostatistics (E.L.), University of Turku; Kuopio City Home Care (S.T.), Rehabilitation and Medical Services for Elderly, Kuopio, Finland; Amsterdam Alzheimer Center (L.L.E.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Sciences (J.J.), Umeå University, Sweden; City of Turku (H.L.), Welfare Division, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine (H.L.), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (K.B., H.Z.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (K.B., H.Z.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.), London; National Institute for Health and Welfare (A.J.); Department of Geriatrics (M.V.), Turku City Hospital; University of Turku (M.V.), Finland; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (M.V.), NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Division of Clinical Neurosciences (J.O.R.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Schubert JJ, Veronese M, Fryer TD, Manavaki R, Kitzbichler MG, Nettis MA, Mondelli V, Pariante CM, Bullmore ET, Turkheimer FE. A Modest Increase in 11C-PK11195-Positron Emission Tomography TSPO Binding in Depression Is Not Associated With Serum C-Reactive Protein or Body Mass Index. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:716-724. [PMID: 33515765 PMCID: PMC8264953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Immune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Translocator protein (TSPO)–targeted positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to assess neuroinflammation in major depressive disorder. We aimed to 1) test the hypothesis of significant case-control differences in TSPO binding in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula regions; and 2) explore the relationship between cerebral TSPO binding and peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Methods A total of 51 depressed subjects with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score >13 (median 17; interquartile range, 16–22) and 25 healthy control subjects underwent dynamic brain 11C-PK11195 PET and peripheral blood immune marker characterization. Depressed subjects were divided into high CRP (>3 mg/L; n = 20) and low CRP (<3 mg/L; n = 31). Results Across the three regions, TSPO binding was significantly increased in depressed versus control subjects (η2p = .09; F1,71 = 6.97, p = .01), which was not influenced by body mass index. The case-control difference was greatest in the anterior cingulate cortex (d = 0.49; t74 = 2.00, p = .03) and not significant in the prefrontal cortex or insula (d = 0.27 and d = 0.36, respectively). Following CRP stratification, significantly higher TSPO binding was observed in low-CRP depression compared with controls (d = 0.53; t54 = 1.96, p = .03). These effect sizes are comparable to prior major depressive disorder case-control TSPO PET data. No significant correlations were observed between TSPO and CRP measures. Conclusions Consistent with previous findings, there is a modest increase in TSPO binding in depressed patients compared with healthy control subjects. The lack of a significant correlation between brain TSPO binding and blood CRP concentration or body mass index poses questions about the interactions between central and peripheral immune responses in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Schubert
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roido Manavaki
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred G Kitzbichler
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Nettis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Rathitharan G, Truong J, Tong J, McCluskey T, Meyer JH, Mizrahi R, Warsh J, Rusjan P, Kennedy JL, Houle S, Kish SJ, Boileau I. Microglia imaging in methamphetamine use disorder: a positron emission tomography study with the 18 kDa translocator protein radioligand [F-18]FEPPA. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12876. [PMID: 32017280 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of brain microglial cells, microgliosis, has been linked to methamphetamine (MA)-seeking behavior, suggesting that microglia could be a new therapeutic target for MA use disorder. Animal data show marked brain microglial activation following acute high-dose MA, but microglial status in human MA users is uncertain, with one positron emission tomography (PET) investigation reporting massively and globally increased translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO; [C-11](R)-PK11195) binding, a biomarker for microgliosis, in MA users. Our aim was to measure binding of a second-generation TSPO radioligand, [F-18]FEPPA, in brain of human chronic MA users. Regional total volume of distribution (VT ) of [F-18]FEPPA was estimated with a two-tissue compartment model with arterial plasma input function for 10 regions of interest in 11 actively using MA users and 26 controls. A RM-ANOVA corrected for TSPO rs6971 polymorphism was employed to test significance. There was no main effect of group on [F-18]FEPPA VT (P = .81). No significant correlations between [F-18]FEPPA VT and MA use duration, weekly dosage, blood MA concentrations, regional brain volumes, and self-reported craving were observed. Our preliminary findings, consistent with our earlier postmortem data, do not suggest substantial brain microgliosis in MA use disorder but do not rule out microglia as a therapeutic target in MA addiction. Absence of increased [F-18]FEPPA TSPO binding might be related to insufficient MA dose or blunting of microglial response following repeated MA exposure, as suggested by some animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gausiha Rathitharan
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer Truong
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jeffrey H. Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Pablo Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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50
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Deconstructing depression and negative symptoms of schizophrenia; differential and longitudinal immune correlates, and response to minocycline treatment. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:498-504. [PMID: 33161162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction has been implicated in negative symptoms of schizophrenia and also in depression. These disorders are frequently co-morbid, with some symptoms such as anhedonia and apathy common to both. The anti-inflammatory agent minocycline may be ineffective in schizophrenia, but more positive effects have been seen in depression. Our aim was to investigate the role of immune dysfunction in depression and sub-domains of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by investigating their intercorrelation and the influence of treatment with minocycline. METHODS We analysed longitudinal data from 207 patients within 5 years of onset of schizophrenia, from the randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of minocycline (BeneMin). Symptom ratings and circulating IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α concentrations were collected at baseline and repeated over twelve months. The sample was not stratified by CRP prior to randomisation. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale composite ratings of avolition-apathy and diminished expression, Calgary Depression Scale total scores, and immune markers were examined cross-sectionally using Spearman's rank, and longitudinally by linear mixed effect models that included body mass index and minocycline. Additionally, post hoc analysis of the sample stratified by elevated CRP (>1 mg/l and <10 mg/l at baseline) was carried out to assess whether minocycline had any effect on specific symptoms in an immune active sub-group of patients. RESULTS Depression and avolition-apathy were significantly positively related, and depression correlated weakly with IL-6 at baseline. Diminished expression was associated with increased TNF-α both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. CRP was unrelated to any symptom domain. Minocycline did not affect any individual symptom or sub-domain in the full sample or in the immune active sub-group. DISCUSSION IL-6 may have some specificity to depression in early schizophrenia. TNF-α may be an indicator of immune dysfunction relevant to negative symptoms, and our longitudinal findings add to this evidence. However, minocycline continues to show very little promise as a treatment for any symptom dimension of early schizophrenia.
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