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Pastor-Fernández J, Sanmartín N, Manresa-Grao M, Cassan C, Pétriacq P, Gibon Y, Gamir J, Romero-Rodriguez B, Castillo AG, Cerezo M, Flors V, Sánchez-Bel P. Deciphering molecular events behind Systemin-induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4111-4127. [PMID: 38581374 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant defence peptides are paramount endogenous danger signals secreted after a challenge, intensifying the plant immune response. The peptidic hormone Systemin (Sys) was shown to participate in resistance in several plant pathosystems, although the mechanisms behind Sys-induced resistance when exogenously applied remain elusive. We performed proteomic, metabolomic, and enzymatic studies to decipher the Sys-induced changes in tomato plants in either the absence or the presence of Botrytis cinerea infection. Sys treatments triggered direct proteomic rearrangement mostly involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. However, the final induction of defence proteins required concurrent challenge, triggering priming of pathogen-targeted proteins. Conversely, at the metabolomic level, Sys-treated plants showed an alternative behaviour following a general priming profile. Of the primed metabolites, the flavonoids rutin and isorhamnetin and two alkaloids correlated with the proteins 4-coumarate-CoA-ligase and chalcone-flavanone-isomerase triggered by Sys treatment. In addition, proteomic and enzymatic analyses revealed that Sys conditioned the primary metabolism towards the production of available sugars that could be fuelling the priming of callose deposition in Sys-treated plants; furthermore, PR1 appeared as a key element in Sys-induced resistance. Collectively, the direct induction of proteins and priming of specific secondary metabolites in Sys-treated plants indicated that post-translational protein regulation is an additional component of priming against necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pastor-Fernández
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Neus Sanmartín
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria Manresa-Grao
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Cédric Cassan
- Univ Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Univ Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Univ Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jordi Gamir
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM 'La Mayora'), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM 'La Mayora'), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (UMA-CSIC), Campus Teatinos, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Cerezo
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Plant Immunity and Biochemistry Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Avd Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Srivastava S, Tyagi R, Sharma S. Seed biopriming as a promising approach for stress tolerance and enhancement of crop productivity: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1244-1257. [PMID: 37824780 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals are used extensively in agriculture to increase crop production to meet the nutritional needs of an expanding world population. However, their injudicious application adversely affects the soil's physical, chemical and biological properties, subsequently posing a substantial threat to human health and global food security. Beneficial microorganisms improve plant health and productivity with minimal impact on the environment; however, their efficacy greatly relies on the application technique. Biopriming is an advantageous technique that involves the treatment of seeds with beneficial biological agents. It exhibits immense potential in improving the physiological functioning of seeds, thereby playing a pivotal role in their uniform germination and vigor. Biopriming-mediated molecular and metabolic reprogramming imparts stress tolerance to plants, improves plant health, and enhances crop productivity. Furthermore, it is also associated with rehabilitating degraded land, and improving soil fertility, health and nutrient cycling. Although biopriming has vast applications in the agricultural system, its commercialization and utilization by farmers is still in its infancy. This review aims to critically analyze the recent studies based on biopriming-mediated stress mitigation by alteration in physiological, metabolic and molecular processes in plants. Additionally, considering the necessity of popularizing this technique, the major challenges and prospects linked to the commercialization and utilization of this technique in agricultural systems have also been discussed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashi Tyagi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Zheng L, Zhou P, Pan Y, Li B, Shen R, Lan P. Proteomic profile of the germinating seeds reveals enhanced seedling growth in Arabidopsis rpp1a mutant. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:105-120. [PMID: 37804450 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 (RPP1) is an integral component of the P-protein stalk in the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes and is required for the efficient elongation of translation. Previously, Arabidopsis RPP1A was revealed to be involved in the regulation of seed size and seed storage protein accumulation. In this work, the seedling growth analysis shows that the knockout mutation of Arabidopsis RPP1A significantly promoted seedling growth, particularly in the shoots. The label-free quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrated that a total of 593 proteins were differentially accumulated between the germinating seeds of the wild-type Col-0 and rpp1a mutant. And these proteins were significantly enriched in the intracellular transport, nitrogen compound transport, protein transport, and organophosphate metabolic process. The abundance of proteins involved in the RNA and protein processing processes, including ncRNA processing and protein folding, were significantly increased in the rpp1a mutant. Mutation in RPP1A highlighted the effects on the ribosome, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. The abundance of enzymes involved in glycolysis and pyruvate mechanism was decreased in the germinating seeds of the rpp1a mutant. Whereas the processes of amino acid biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and biosynthesis of cofactors were enhanced in the germinating seeds of the rpp1a mutant. Taken together, the lack of RPP1A triggered changes in other ribosomal proteins, and the higher amino acid contents in the seedlings of the rpp1a mutant probably contributed to enhanced biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins, resulting in accelerated growth. Our results show the novel role of a P-protein and shed new light on the regulatory mechanism of seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yilin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Que Y, Huang D, Gong S, Zhang X, Yuan B, Xue M, Shi W, Zeng F, Liu M, Chen T, Yu D, Yan X, Wang Z, Yang L, Xiang L. Indole-3-Carboxylic Acid From the Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae LPS-1 as a Synergist Enhancing the Antagonism of Jasmonic Acid Against Blumeria graminis on Wheat. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:898500. [PMID: 35860382 PMCID: PMC9289256 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.898500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of natural bioactive compounds from endophytes or medicinal plants against plant diseases is an attractive option for reducing the use of chemical fungicides. In this study, three compounds, indole-3-carbaldehyde, indole-3-carboxylic acid (3-ICA), and jasmonic acid (JA), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the culture filtrate of the endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae LPS-1, which was previously isolated from the medicinal plant, Ilex cornuta. Some experiments were conducted to further determine the antifungal activity of these compounds on wheat powdery mildew. The results showed that JA was much more bioactive than indole-3-carbaldehyde and 3-ICA against Blumeria graminis, and the disease severity caused by B. graminis decreased significantly with the concentration increase of JA treatment. The assay of the interaction of 3-ICA and JA indicated that there was a significant synergistic effect between the two compounds on B. graminis in each of the ratios of 3-ICA to JA (3-ICA:JA) ranging from 1:9 to 9:1. When the compound ratio of 3-ICA to JA was 2:8, the synergistic coefficient was the highest as 22.95. Meanwhile, a histological investigation indicated that, under the treatment of JA at 500 μg/ml or 3-ICA:JA (2:8) at 40 μg/ml, the appressorium development and haustorium formation of B. graminis were significantly inhibited. Taken together, we concluded that JA plays an important role in the infection process of B. graminis and that 3-ICA as a synergist of JA enhances the antagonism against wheat powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Que
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minfeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fansong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Yan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Libo Xiang, ; Lijun Yang,
| | - Libo Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Libo Xiang, ; Lijun Yang,
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Nair AU, Bhukya DPN, Sunkar R, Chavali S, Allu AD. Molecular basis of priming-induced acquired tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3355-3371. [PMID: 35274680 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth, survival, and productivity of plants are constantly challenged by diverse abiotic stresses. When plants are exposed to stress for the first time, they can capture molecular information and store it as a form of memory, which enables them to competently and rapidly respond to subsequent stress(es). This process is referred to as a priming-induced or acquired stress response. In this review, we discuss how (i) the storage and retrieval of the information from stress memory modulates plant physiological, cellular, and molecular processes in response to subsequent stress(es), (ii) the intensity, recurrence, and duration of priming stimuli influences the outcomes of the stress response, and (iii) the varying responses at different plant developmental stages. We highlight current understanding of the distinct and common molecular processes manifested at the epigenetic, (post-)transcriptional, and post-translational levels mediated by stress-associated molecules and metabolites, including phytohormones. We conclude by emphasizing how unravelling the molecular circuitry underlying diverse priming-stimuli-induced stress responses could propel the use of priming as a management practice for crop plants. This practice, in combination with precision agriculture, could aid in increasing yield quantity and quality to meet the rapidly rising demand for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay U Nair
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Durga Prasad Naik Bhukya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Annapurna Devi Allu
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Islam MT, Arioli T, Cahill DM. Seaweed Extract-Stimulated Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112476. [PMID: 34834838 PMCID: PMC8620570 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant priming is an induced physiological state where plants are protected from biotic and abiotic stresses. Whether seaweed extracts promote priming is largely unknown as is the mechanism by which priming may occur. In this study, we examined the effect of a seaweed extract (SWE) on two distinct stages of plant priming (priming phase and post-challenge primed state) by characterising (i) plant gene expression responses using qRT-PCR and (ii) signal transduction responses by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The SWE is made from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Durvillaea potatorum. The priming phase was examined using both Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. At this stage, the SWE up-regulated key priming-related genes, such as those related to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and activated the production of ROS. These responses were found to be temporal (lasting 3 days). The post-challenge primed state was examined using A. thaliana challenged with a root pathogen. Similarly, defence response-related genes, such as PR1 and NPR1, were up-regulated and ROS production was activated (lasting 5 days). This study found that SWE induces plant priming-like responses by (i) up-regulating genes associated with plant defence responses and (ii) increasing production of ROS associated with signalling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.T.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.T.I.); (T.A.)
- Seasol International, Bayswater, VIC 3153, Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.T.I.); (T.A.)
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Leiva F, Vallenback P, Ekblad T, Johansson E, Chawade A. Phenocave: An Automated, Standalone, and Affordable Phenotyping System for Controlled Growth Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1817. [PMID: 34579350 PMCID: PMC8469120 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlled plant growth facilities provide the possibility to alter climate conditions affecting plant growth, such as humidity, temperature, and light, allowing a better understanding of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. A bottleneck, however, is measuring various aspects of plant growth regularly and non-destructively. Although several high-throughput phenotyping facilities have been built worldwide, further development is required for smaller custom-made affordable systems for specific needs. Hence, the main objective of this study was to develop an affordable, standalone and automated phenotyping system called "Phenocave" for controlled growth facilities. The system can be equipped with consumer-grade digital cameras and multispectral cameras for imaging from the top view. The cameras are mounted on a gantry with two linear actuators enabling XY motion, thereby enabling imaging of the entire area of Phenocave. A blueprint for constructing such a system is presented and is evaluated with two case studies using wheat and sugar beet as model plants. The wheat plants were treated with different irrigation regimes or high nitrogen application at different developmental stages affecting their biomass accumulation and growth rate. A significant correlation was observed between conventional measurements and digital biomass at different time points. Post-harvest analysis of grain protein content and composition corresponded well with those of previous studies. The results from the sugar beet study revealed that seed treatment(s) before germination influences germination rates. Phenocave enables automated phenotyping of plants under controlled conditions, and the protocols and results from this study will allow others to build similar systems with dimensions suitable for their custom needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leiva
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (F.L.); (E.J.)
| | | | - Tobias Ekblad
- MariboHilleshög Research AB, SE-26191 Landskrona, Sweden;
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (F.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (F.L.); (E.J.)
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Seed Halo-Priming Improves Seedling Vigor, Grain Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Maize under Varying Irrigation Regimes. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Water-deficit stress poses tremendous constraints to sustainable agriculture, particularly under abrupt climate change. Hence, it is crucial to find eco-friendly approaches to ameliorate drought tolerance, especially for sensitive crops such as maize. This study aimed at assessing the impact of seed halo-priming on seedling vigor, grain yield, and water use efficiency of maize under various irrigation regimes. Laboratory trials evaluated the influence of seed halo-priming using two concentrations of sodium chloride solution, 4000 and 8000 ppm NaCl, versus unprimed seeds on seed germination and seedling vigor parameters. Field trials investigated the impact of halo-priming treatments on maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under four irrigation regimes comprising excessive (120% of estimated crop evapotranspiration, ETc), normal (100% ETc), and deficit (80 and 60% ETc) irrigation regimes. Over-irrigation by 20% did not produce significantly more grain yield but considerably reduced WUE. Deficit irrigation (80 and 60%ETc) gradually reduced grain yield and its attributes. Halo-priming treatments, particularly 4000 ppm NaCl, improved uniformity and germination speed, increased germination percentage and germination index, and produced more vigorous seedlings with heavier dry weight compared with unprimed seeds. Under field conditions, the plants originated from halo-primed seeds, especially with 4000 ppm NaCl, had higher grain yield and WUE compared with unprimed seeds under deficit irrigation regimes. The long-lasting stress memory induced by seed halo-priming, particularly with 4000 ppm NaCl, promoted maize seedling establishment, grain yield, and WUE and consequently mitigated the devastating impacts of drought stress.
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Munir S, Ahmed A, Li Y, He P, Singh BK, He P, Li X, Asad S, Wu Y, He Y. The hidden treasures of citrus: finding Huanglongbing cure where it was lost. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:634-649. [PMID: 34325576 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), a deadly citrus disease which has significantly downsized the entire industry worldwide. The intractable and incurable disease has brought the citriculture an enormous loss of productivity. With no resistant varieties available, failure of chemical treatments despite repeated applications, and hazardous consequences to environmental health, have led to large-scale research to find a sustainable cure. Inside plants, the key determinants of health and safety, live the endophytic microbes. Endophytes possess unrivaled plant benefiting properties. The progression of HLB is known to cause disturbance in endophytic bacterial communities. Given the importance of the plant endophytic microbiome in disease progression, the notion of engineering microbiomes through indigenous endophytes is attracting scientific attention which is considered revolutionary as it precludes the incompatibility concerns associated with the use of alien (microbes from other plant species) endophytes. In this review, we briefly discuss the transformation of the plant-pathogen-environment to the plant-pathogen-microbial system in a disease triangle. We also argue the employment of indigenous endophytes isolated from a healthy state to engineer the diseased citrus endophytic microbiomes that can provide sustainable solution for vascular pathogens. We evaluated the plethora of microbiomes responses to the re-introduction of endophytes which leads to disease resistance in the citrus host. The idea is not merely confined to citrus-HLB, but it is globally applicable for tailoring a customized cure for general plant-pathogen systems particularly for the diseases caused by the vascular system-restricted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, Australia.,Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, Australia
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Suhail Asad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China.,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
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10
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Lephatsi MM, Meyer V, Piater LA, Dubery IA, Tugizimana F. Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses and Rhizobacterial Biostimulants: Metabolomics and Epigenetics Perspectives. Metabolites 2021; 11:457. [PMID: 34357351 PMCID: PMC8305699 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to abiotic stresses, plants mount comprehensive stress-specific responses which mediate signal transduction cascades, transcription of relevant responsive genes and the accumulation of numerous different stress-specific transcripts and metabolites, as well as coordinated stress-specific biochemical and physiological readjustments. These natural mechanisms employed by plants are however not always sufficient to ensure plant survival under abiotic stress conditions. Biostimulants such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) formulation are emerging as novel strategies for improving crop quality, yield and resilience against adverse environmental conditions. However, to successfully formulate these microbial-based biostimulants and design efficient application programs, the understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms that govern biostimulant-plant interactions is imperatively required. Systems biology approaches, such as metabolomics, can unravel insights on the complex network of plant-PGPR interactions allowing for the identification of molecular targets responsible for improved growth and crop quality. Thus, this review highlights the current models on plant defence responses to abiotic stresses, from perception to the activation of cellular and molecular events. It further highlights the current knowledge on the application of microbial biostimulants and the use of epigenetics and metabolomics approaches to elucidate mechanisms of action of microbial biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motseoa M. Lephatsi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (M.M.L.); (L.A.P.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Vanessa Meyer
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (M.M.L.); (L.A.P.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (M.M.L.); (L.A.P.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (M.M.L.); (L.A.P.); (I.A.D.)
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg 2021, South Africa
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11
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Ulva intestinalis Extract Acts as Biostimulant and Modulates Metabolites and Hormone Balance in Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) and Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071391. [PMID: 34371594 PMCID: PMC8309453 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural elicitors from macroalgae may affect plant secondary metabolites. Ulvan is a sulfated heteropolysaccharide extracted from green seaweed, acting as both a plant biotic protecting agent, and a plant elicitor, leading to the synthesis of signal molecules. In this work, the aqueous extract of Ulva intestinalis L., mainly composed of ulvan, was used as foliar-spraying treatment and its eliciting effect was investigated in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.). Antioxidant metabolites (polyphenols and carotenoids), volatile compounds (both in headspace emissions and hydrodistilled essential oils), and hormones (jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, salicylic acid 2-O-β-D-glucoside, abscisic acid, and azelaic acid) were quantified. The foliar-spraying treatment with U. intestinalis extract increased salicylic acid and its β-glucoside in parsley; in basil, it induced the accumulation of jasmonic and abscisic acids, indicating the presence of a priming effect. In basil, the elicitation caused a change of the essential oil (EO) chemotype from methyl eugenol/eugenol to epi-α-cadinol and increased sesquiterpenes. In parsley EO it caused a significant accumulation of 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, responsible of the typical “parsley-like” smell. In both species, the phenylpropanoids decreased in headspace and EO compositions, while the salicylic acid concentration increased; this could indicate a primarily defensive response to U. intestinalis extract. Due to the evidenced significant biological activity, U. intestinalis extract used as an elicitor may represent a suitable tool to obtain higher amounts of metabolites for optimizing plant flavor metabolites.
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12
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Li Y, Jiao M, Li Y, Zhong Y, Li X, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang J. Penicillium chrysogenum polypeptide extract protects tobacco plants from tobacco mosaic virus infection through modulation of ABA biosynthesis and callose priming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3526-3539. [PMID: 33687058 PMCID: PMC8096601 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The polypeptide extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (PDMP) can protect tobacco plants from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), although the mechanism underlying PDMP-mediated TMV resistance remains unknown. In our study, we analysed a potential mechanism via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and found that the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway and β-1,3-glucanase, a callose-degrading enzyme, might play an important role in PDMP-induced priming of resistance to TMV. To test our hypothesis, we successfully generated a Nicotiana benthamiana ABA biosynthesis mutant and evaluated the role of the ABA pathway in PDMP-induced callose deposition during resistance to TMV infection. Our results suggested that PDMP can induce callose priming to defend against TMV movement. PDMP inhibited TMV movement by increasing callose deposition around plasmodesmata, but this phenomenon did not occur in the ABA biosynthesis mutant; moreover, these effects of PDMP on callose deposition could be rescued by treatment with exogenous ABA. Our results suggested that callose deposition around plasmodesmata in wild-type plants is mainly responsible for the restriction of TMV movement during the PDMP-induced defensive response to TMV infection, and that ABA biosynthesis apparently plays a crucial role in PDMP-induced callose priming for enhancing defence against TMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengting Jiao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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13
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Girón-Calva PS, Pérez-Fons L, Sandmann G, Fraser PD, Christou P. Nitrogen inputs influence vegetative metabolism in maize engineered with a seed-specific carotenoid pathway. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:899-911. [PMID: 33787959 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling of a maize line engineered with an endosperm-specific carotenogenic pathway revealed unexpected metabolic readjustments of primary metabolism in leaves and roots. High-carotenoid (HC) maize was engineered to accumulate high levels of carotenoids in the endosperm. The metabolic interventions influenced the flux through non-target pathways in tissues that were not affected by the targeted intervention. HC maize at the vegetative stage also showed a reduced susceptibility to insect feeding. It is unknown, however, whether the metabolic history of the embryo has any impact on the metabolite composition in vegetative tissues. We, therefore, compared HC maize and its isogenic counterpart (M37W) to test the hypothesis that boosting the carotenoid content in the endosperm triggers compensatory effects in core metabolism in vegetative tissues. Specifically, we investigated whether the metabolite composition of leaves and roots at the V6 stage differs between HC and M37W, and whether N inputs further alter the core metabolism of HC compared to M37W. We found an increase in the abundance of organic acids from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in HC even under restricted N conditions. In contrast, low levels of carotenoids and chlorophyll were measured regardless of N levels. Sugars were also significantly depleted in HC under low N. We propose a model explaining the observed genotype-dependent and input-dependent effects, in which organic acids derived from the TCA cycle accumulate during vegetative growth and contribute to the increased demand for pyruvate and/or acetyl-CoA in the endosperm and embryo. This response may in part reflect the transgenerational priming of vegetative tissues in the embryo induced by the increased demand for metabolic precursors during seed development in the previous generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Girón-Calva
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Fons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul D Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University London, Egham, Surrey, UK.
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Nephali L, Moodley V, Piater L, Steenkamp P, Buthelezi N, Dubery I, Burgess K, Huyser J, Tugizimana F. A Metabolomic Landscape of Maize Plants Treated With a Microbial Biostimulant Under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:676632. [PMID: 34149776 PMCID: PMC8210945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.676632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial plant biostimulants have been successfully applied to improve plant growth, stress resilience and productivity. However, the mechanisms of action of biostimulants are still enigmatic, which is the main bottleneck for the fully realization and implementation of biostimulants into the agricultural industry. Here, we report the elucidation of a global metabolic landscape of maize (Zea mays L) leaves in response to a microbial biostimulant, under well-watered and drought conditions. The study reveals that the increased pool of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates, alterations in amino acid levels and differential changes in phenolics and lipids are key metabolic signatures induced by the application of the microbial-based biostimulant. These reconfigurations of metabolism gravitate toward growth-promotion and defense preconditioning of the plant. Furthermore, the application of microbial biostimulant conferred enhanced drought resilience to maize plants via altering key metabolic pathways involved in drought resistance mechanisms such as the redox homeostasis, strengthening of the plant cell wall, osmoregulation, energy production and membrane remodeling. For the first time, we show key molecular events, metabolic reprogramming, activated by a microbial biostimulant for plant growth promotion and defense priming. Thus, these elucidated metabolomic insights contribute to ongoing efforts in decoding modes of action of biostimulants and generating fundamental scientific knowledgebase that is necessary for the development of the plant biostimulants industry, for sustainable food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerato Nephali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Venessa Moodley
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nombuso Buthelezi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karl Burgess
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Huyser
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Fidele Tugizimana,
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16
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Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121174. [PMID: 33255543 PMCID: PMC7759855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to alleviate several (a)biotic stresses in plants. GABA forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and has been proposed as a signalling molecule in plants. Here, we set out to establish GABA as a priming compound against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and how metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are influenced after GABA treatment and infection. We show that GABA already primes disease resistance at low concentrations (100 µM), comparable to the well-characterized priming agent β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA). Treatment with GABA reduced ROS burst in response to flg22 (bacterial peptide derived from flagellum) and oligogalacturonides (OGs). Plants treated with GABA showed reduced H2O2 accumulation after infection due to increased activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Contrary to 100 µM GABA treatments, 1 mM exogenous GABA induced endogenous GABA before and after infection. Strikingly, 1 mM GABA promoted total and active nitrate reductase activity whereas 100 µM inhibited active nitrate reductase. Sucrose accumulated after GABA treatment, whereas glucose and fructose only accumulated in treated plants after infection. We propose that extracellular GABA signalling and endogenous metabolism can be separated at low exogenous concentrations.
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17
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Miozzi L, Vaira AM, Brilli F, Casarin V, Berti M, Ferrandino A, Nerva L, Accotto GP, Lanfranco L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Primes Tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Tomato. Viruses 2020; 12:E675. [PMID: 32580438 PMCID: PMC7354615 DOI: 10.3390/v12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) able to promote plant nutrition and prime systemic plant defenses against pathogens attack; the mechanism involved is known as mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). However, studies on the effect of AMF on viral infection, still limited and not conclusive, indicate that AMF colonization may have a detrimental effect on plant defenses against viruses, so that the term "mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility" (MIS) has been proposed for these cases. To expand the case studies to a not yet tested viral family, that is, Bromoviridae, we investigated the effect of the colonization by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae on cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in tomato by phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses. Our results showed that the establishment of a functional AM symbiosis is able to limit symptoms development. Physiological and transcriptomic data highlighted that AMF mitigates the drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and the reduction of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate caused by CMV infection. In parallel, an increase of salicylic acid level and a modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, toward a limitation of ROS accumulation, was specifically observed in CMV-infected mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our data indicate that the AM symbiosis influences the development of CMV infection in tomato plants and exerts a priming effect able to enhance tolerance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Unit of Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Valerio Casarin
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Mara Berti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Accotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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18
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Munir S, Li Y, He P, He P, Ahmed A, Wu Y, He Y. Unraveling the metabolite signature of citrus showing defense response towards Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus after application of endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21. Microbiol Res 2020; 234:126425. [PMID: 32035248 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most serious citrus diseases, caused by phloem limited endophytic bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Clas), affecting worldwide citrus production. Metabolomics approaches were employed to gain insight into mechanisms involved in defense against Clas in endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21 treated diseased and healthy citrus plants. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, we compared the metabolic profile of citrus plants before and after treatment with endophyte L1-21. Our analysis indicated large differences in citrus metabolites after endophyte L1-21 application. In total, seven hundred and fourty two metabolites were detected with highest percentage recorded for organic acids, flavone, amino acid derivatives, flavone C-glycosides, nucleotide derivatives, and flavonol. Interestingly, differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) analysis revealed the amino acids, such as lysine and tyrosine which are involved in plant defense agianst pathogen attack were regulated in diseased citrus plants after endophyte application (padj<0.05). In addition, other important metabolites up-regulated were xanthine, leucic acid, and α-Linolenic acid implicated in different plant defense pathways against Clas. Furhter, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed important pathways related to purine metabolism, biotin metabolism, and betalain biosynthesis, terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and lysine biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis (padj<0.05). Taken together, this is the first study using native endophytes in diseased and healthy state of citrus which has proven to be useful in disease management by strengthening the defense of citrus to Clas pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Screening and Application of Microbial Strains, Kunming 650217, Yunnan, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Screening and Application of Microbial Strains, Kunming 650217, Yunnan, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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19
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Silva E, da Graça JP, Porto C, Martin do Prado R, Hoffmann-Campo CB, Meyer MC, de Oliveira Nunes E, Pilau EJ. Unraveling Asian Soybean Rust metabolomics using mass spectrometry and Molecular Networking approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:138. [PMID: 31924833 PMCID: PMC6954191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating disease with an estimated crop yield loss of up to 90%. Yet, there is a nerf of information on the metabolic response of soybean plants to the pathogen Untargeted metabolomics and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking platform approach was used to explore soybean metabolome modulation to P. pachyrhizi infection. Soybean plants susceptible to ASR was inoculated with P. pachyrhizi spore suspension and non-inoculated plants were used as controls. Leaves from both groups were collected 14 days post-inoculation and extracted using different extractor solvent mixtures. The extracts were analyzed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to high-definition electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. There was a significant production of defense secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and flavonoids) when P. pachyrhizi infected soybean plants, such as putatively identified liquiritigenin, coumestrol, formononetin, pisatin, medicarpin, biochanin A, glyoceollidin I, glyoceollidin II, glyoceollin I, glyoceolidin II, glyoceolidin III, glyoceolidin IV, glyoceolidin VI. Primary metabolites (amino acids, peptides and lipids) also were putatively identified. This is the first report using untargeted metabolomics and GNPS-Molecular Networking approach to explore ASR in soybean plants. Our data provide insights into the potential role of some metabolites in the plant resistance to ASR, which could result in the development of resistant genotypes of soybean to P. pachyrhizi, and effective and specific products against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
| | - José Perez da Graça
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
- Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation - ICETI, University Center of Maringá - UNICESUMAR, 1610, Guedner Av, Maringá, PR, 87050-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Martin do Prado
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Conrado Meyer
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Estela de Oliveira Nunes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Rd, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Swine and Poultry, BR-153, Km 110 Distrito de Tamanduá, SC, 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av, Maringá, PR, 87020-080, Brazil.
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20
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Bryksová M, Hybenová A, Hernándiz AE, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Spíchal L, De Diego N, Doležal K. Hormopriming to Mitigate Abiotic Stress Effects: A Case Study of N 9-Substituted Cytokinin Derivatives With a Fluorinated Carbohydrate Moiety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599228. [PMID: 33362831 PMCID: PMC7758400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity reduce seed germination, seedling emergence, and early seedling establishment, affect plant metabolism, and hence, reduce crop yield. Development of technologies that can increase plant tolerance of these challenging growth conditions is a major current interest among plant scientists and breeders. Seed priming has become established as one of the practical approaches that can alleviate the negative impact of many environmental stresses and improve the germination and overall performance of crops. Hormopriming using different plant growth regulators has been widely demonstrated as effective, but information about using cytokinins (CKs) as priming agents is limited to only a few studies using kinetin or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Moreover, the mode of action of these compounds in improving seed and plant fitness through priming has not yet been studied. For many years, BAP has been one of the CKs most commonly applied exogenously to plants to delay senescence and reduce the impact of stress. However, rapid endogenous N 9-glucosylation of BAP can result in negative effects. This can be suppressed by hydroxylation of the benzyl ring or by appropriate N 9 purine substitution. Replacement of the 2' or 3' hydroxyl groups of a nucleoside with a fluorine atom has shown promising results in drug research and biochemistry as a means of enhancing biological activity and increasing chemical or metabolic stability. Here, we show that the application of this chemical modification in four new N 9-substituted CK derivatives with a fluorinated carbohydrate moiety improved the antisenescence properties of CKs. Besides, detailed phenotypical analysis of the growth and development of Arabidopsis plants primed with the new CK analogs over a broad concentration range and under various environmental conditions revealed that they improve growth regulation and antistress activity. Seed priming with, for example, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-9-(β)-D-arabinofuranosylpurine promoted plant growth under control conditions and alleviated the negative effects of the salt and osmotic stress. The mode of action of this hormopriming and its effect on plant metabolism were further analyzed through quantification of the endogenous levels of phytohormones such as CKs, auxins and abscisic acid, and the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Bryksová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Andrea Hybenová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alba E. Hernándiz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Nuria De Diego,
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
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21
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Wallis CM, Galarneau ERA. Phenolic Compound Induction in Plant-Microbe and Plant-Insect Interactions: A Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580753. [PMID: 33384701 PMCID: PMC7769804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants rely on a variety of ways to protect themselves from being fed upon, including de novo production of specific compounds such as those termed as phenolics. Phenolics are often described as important in plant health and numerous studies have concluded they increase as a result of insect feeding, pathogen infection, or beneficial microorganism colonization. However, there are some studies reaching differing conclusions. Therefore, meta-analyses were conducted to observe whether common trends in phenolic induction in plants can be made when they become hosts to insects or microorganisms. Four hypotheses were tested. The first was that total phenolics increase as a generic response, and meta-analyses confirmed that this occurs when plants are infested with insects or colonized by bacterial or fungal microorganisms, but not for oomycetes. The second hypothesis was that phenolic induction is different when a beneficial microorganism colonizes a plant vs. when a plant is infected by a pathogen. Beneficial bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, and beneficial fungi produced increased phenolic levels in plant hosts, but fungal pathogens did not. The third hypothesis was that insect feeding method on plant hosts determines if phenolics are induced. Chewing induced phenolics but piercing-sucking and wood-boring did not. Lastly, we used meta-analyses to determine if annual or perennials rely on phenolic induction in different amounts, and even though annuals had significantly increased phenolic levels but perennials did not, it was observed that phenolic induction was not statistically different when plant type was considered. These results demonstrate that phenolic induction is a common response in plant hosts exposed to feeding or colonization, with specific exceptions such a pathogenic fungi and piercing-sucking insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Wallis
- Crop Diseases Pest and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher M. Wallis
| | - Erin R.-A. Galarneau
- Viticulture and Enology Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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22
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Twamley T, Gaffney M, Feechan A. A Microbial Fermentation Mixture Primes for Resistance Against Powdery Mildew in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1241. [PMID: 31649703 PMCID: PMC6794463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since many fungal pathogens develop resistance to fungicides, novel and low-cost alternative methods to improve plant health and fitness need to be developed. An approach to improve productivity in crops is to stimulate the plant's own defence mechanisms via priming. Therefore, we investigated if a fermentation-based elicitor could prime plant defences against powdery mildew in wheat by inducing the expression of endogenous defence-related genes. Wheat seedlings were spray-treated with a fermentation-based elicitor 8 days prior to inoculation with powdery mildew. Disease assays showed a significantly reduced number of powdery mildew pustules were formed on wheat treated with the mixed elicitor. In vitro sensitivity assays tested the ability of powdery mildew conidia to germinate on agar amended with the fermentation-based product and concluded that fungal germination and differentiation were also inhibited. Tissue samples were taken at time points pertaining to different developmental stages of powdery mildew infection. Significantly higher expression of PR genes (PR1, PR4, PR5, and PR9) was observed in the microbial fermentation mixture-treated plants compared with untreated plants. These genes are often associated with the elicitation of plant defence responses to specific biotrophic pathogens, such as powdery mildew, suggesting an elicitor-mediated response in the wheat plants tested. The product components were assessed, and the components were found to act synergistically in the microbial fermentation mixture. Therefore, this fermentation-based elicitor provides an effective method for powdery mildew control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Twamley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Gaffney
- Alltech Crop Science, Alltech European Bioscience Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland
| | - Angela Feechan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Unravelling the Metabolic Reconfiguration of the Post-Challenge Primed State in Sorghum bicolor Responding to Colletotrichum sublineolum Infection. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100194. [PMID: 31547091 PMCID: PMC6835684 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming is a natural phenomenon that pre-conditions plants for enhanced defence against a wide range of pathogens. It represents a complementary strategy, or sustainable alternative that can provide protection against disease. However, a comprehensive functional and mechanistic understanding of the various layers of priming events is still limited. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate metabolic changes in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-primed Sorghum bicolor seedlings infected with the anthracnose-causing fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum sublineolum, with a focus on the post-challenge primed state phase. At the 4-leaf growth stage, the plants were treated with a strain of Paenibacillus alvei at 108 cfu mL−1. Following a 24 h PGPR application, the plants were inoculated with a C. sublineolum spore suspension (106 spores mL−1), and the infection monitored over time: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post-inoculation. Non-infected plants served as negative controls. Intracellular metabolites from both inoculated and non-inoculated plants were extracted with 80% methanol-water. The extracts were chromatographically and spectrometrically analysed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to high-definition mass spectrometry. The acquired multidimensional data were processed to create data matrices for chemometric modelling. The computed models indicated time-related metabolic perturbations that reflect primed responses to the fungal infection. Evaluation of orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) loading shared and unique structures (SUS)-plots uncovered the differential stronger defence responses against the fungal infection observed in primed plants. These involved enhanced levels of amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan), phytohormones (jasmonic acid and salicylic acid conjugates, and zeatin), and defence-related components of the lipidome. Furthermore, other defence responses in both naïve and primed plants were characterised by a complex mobilisation of phenolic compounds and de novo biosynthesis of the flavones, apigenin and luteolin and the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins, apigeninidin and luteolinidin, as well as some related conjugates.
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24
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Bertini L, Palazzi L, Proietti S, Pollastri S, Arrigoni G, Polverino de Laureto P, Caruso C. Proteomic Analysis of MeJa-Induced Defense Responses in Rice against Wounding. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2525. [PMID: 31121967 PMCID: PMC6567145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of jasmonates in defense priming has been widely recognized. Priming is a physiological process by which a plant exposed to low doses of biotic or abiotic elicitors activates faster and/or stronger defense responses when subsequently challenged by a stress. In this work, we investigated the impact of MeJA-induced defense responses to mechanical wounding in rice (Oryza sativa). The proteome reprogramming of plants treated with MeJA, wounding or MeJA+wounding has been in-depth analyzed by using a combination of high throughput profiling techniques and bioinformatics tools. Gene Ontology analysis identified protein classes as defense/immunity proteins, hydrolases and oxidoreductases differentially enriched by the three treatments, although with different amplitude. Remarkably, proteins involved in photosynthesis or oxidative stress were significantly affected upon wounding in MeJA-primed plants. Although these identified proteins had been previously shown to play a role in defense responses, our study revealed that they are specifically associated with MeJA-priming. Additionally, we also showed that at the phenotypic level MeJA protects plants from oxidative stress and photosynthetic damage induced by wounding. Taken together, our results add novel insight into the molecular actors and physiological mechanisms orchestrated by MeJA in enhancing rice plants defenses after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Proteomics Center of Padova University and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Schwachtje J, Whitcomb SJ, Firmino AAP, Zuther E, Hincha DK, Kopka J. Induced, Imprinted, and Primed Responses to Changing Environments: Does Metabolism Store and Process Information? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:106. [PMID: 30815006 PMCID: PMC6381073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is the system layer that determines growth by the rate of matter uptake and conversion into biomass. The scaffold of enzymatic reaction rates drives the metabolic network in a given physico-chemical environment. In response to the diverse environmental stresses, plants have evolved the capability of integrating macro- and micro-environmental events to be prepared, i.e., to be primed for upcoming environmental challenges. The hierarchical view on stress signaling, where metabolites are seen as final downstream products, has recently been complemented by findings that metabolites themselves function as stress signals. We present a systematic concept of metabolic responses that are induced by environmental stresses and persist in the plant system. Such metabolic imprints may prime metabolic responses of plants for subsequent environmental stresses. We describe response types with examples of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses and suggest that plants use metabolic imprints, the metabolic changes that last beyond recovery from stress events, and priming, the imprints that function to prepare for upcoming stresses, to integrate diverse environmental stress histories. As a consequence, even genetically identical plants should be studied and understood as phenotypically plastic organisms that continuously adjust their metabolic state in response to their individually experienced local environment. To explore the occurrence and to unravel functions of metabolic imprints, we encourage researchers to extend stress studies by including detailed metabolic and stress response monitoring into extended recovery phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schwachtje
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Applied Metabolome Analysis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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26
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Pastor-Fernández J, Pastor V, Mateu D, Gamir J, Sánchez-Bel P, Flors V. Accumulating evidences of callose priming by indole- 3- carboxylic acid in response to Plectospharella cucumerina. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1608107. [PMID: 31010375 PMCID: PMC6619925 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1608107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carboxylic acid (I3CA) is an indolic compound that induces resistance in Arabidopsis adult plants against the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina through primed callose accumulation. In this study, we confirm the relevance of ATL31 and SYP121 genes involved in vesicular trafficking in I3CA priming of defenses and we discard camalexin as a mediator of I3CA-induced resistance (IR) in adult plants. In addition, we observed that an intact I3CA biosynthetic pathway is necessary for I3CA-IR functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - V. Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - D. Mateu
- Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - J. Gamir
- Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - P. Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - V. Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CONTACT Victor Flors Metabolic Integration and Cell SignallingGroup, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana 12071, Spain
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27
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Gamir J, Pastor V, Sánchez-Bel P, Agut B, Mateu D, García-Andrade J, Flors V. Starch degradation, abscisic acid and vesicular trafficking are important elements in callose priming by indole-3-carboxylic acid in response to Plectosphaerella cucumerina infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:518-531. [PMID: 30051514 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fast callose accumulation has been shown to mediate defence priming in certain plant-pathogen interactions, but the events upstream of callose assembly following chemical priming are poorly understood, mainly because those steps comprise sugar transfer to the infection site. β-Amino butyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance in Arabidopsis against Plectosphaerella cucumerina is known to be mediated by callose priming. Indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICOOH, also known as I3CA) mediates BABA-induced resistance in Arabidopsis against P. cucumerina. This indolic compound is found in a common fingerprint of primed metabolites following treatments with various priming stimuli. In the present study, we show that I3CA induces resistance in Arabidopsis against P. cucumerina and primes enhancement of callose accumulation. I3CA treatment increased abscisic acid (ABA) levels before infection with P. cucumerina. An intact ABA synthesis pathway is needed to activate a starch amylase (BAM1) to trigger augmented callose deposition against P. cucumerina during I3CA-IR. To verify the relevance of the BAM1 amylase in I3CA-IR, knockdown mutants and overexpressors of the BAM1 gene were tested. The mutant bam1 was impaired to express I3CA-IR, but complemented 35S::BAM1-YFP lines in the background of bam1 restored an intact I3CA-IR and callose priming. Therefore, a more active starch metabolism is a committed step for I3CA-IR, inducing callose priming in adult plants. Additionally, I3CA treatments induced expression of the ubiquitin ligase ATL31 and syntaxin SYP131, suggesting that vesicular trafficking is relevant for callose priming. As a final element in the callose priming, an intact Powdery Mildew resistant4 (PMR4) gene is also essential to fully express I3CA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gamir
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Blas Agut
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Diego Mateu
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Javier García-Andrade
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Tugizimana F, Mhlongo MI, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Metabolomics in Plant Priming Research: The Way Forward? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061759. [PMID: 29899301 PMCID: PMC6032392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new era of plant biochemistry at the systems level is emerging, providing detailed descriptions of biochemical phenomena at the cellular and organismal level. This new era is marked by the advent of metabolomics—the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the entire metabolome (in a dynamic equilibrium) of a biological system. This field has developed as an indispensable methodological approach to study cellular biochemistry at a global level. For protection and survival in a constantly-changing environment, plants rely on a complex and multi-layered innate immune system. This involves surveillance of ‘self’ and ‘non-self,’ molecule-based systemic signalling and metabolic adaptations involving primary and secondary metabolites as well as epigenetic modulation mechanisms. Establishment of a pre-conditioned or primed state can sensitise or enhance aspects of innate immunity for faster and stronger responses. Comprehensive elucidation of the molecular and biochemical processes associated with the phenotypic defence state is vital for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that define the metabolism of plant–pathogen interactions. Such insights are essential for translational research and applications. Thus, this review highlights the prospects of metabolomics and addresses current challenges that hinder the realisation of the full potential of the field. Such limitations include partial coverage of the metabolome and maximising the value of metabolomics data (extraction of information and interpretation). Furthermore, the review points out key features that characterise both the plant innate immune system and enhancement of the latter, thus underlining insights from metabolomic studies in plant priming. Future perspectives in this inspiring area are included, with the aim of stimulating further studies leading to a better understanding of plant immunity at the metabolome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Msizi I Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
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29
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Kanojia A, Dijkwel PP. Abiotic Stress Responses are Governed by Reactive Oxygen Species and Age. ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS ONLINE 2018:295-326. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/9781119312994.apr0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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30
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Mhlongo MI, Piater LA, Madala NE, Labuschagne N, Dubery IA. The Chemistry of Plant-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere and the Potential for Metabolomics to Reveal Signaling Related to Defense Priming and Induced Systemic Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29479360 PMCID: PMC5811519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots communicate with microbes in a sophisticated manner through chemical communication within the rhizosphere, thereby leading to biofilm formation of beneficial microbes and, in the case of plant growth-promoting rhizomicrobes/-bacteria (PGPR), resulting in priming of defense, or induced resistance in the plant host. The knowledge of plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions have been greatly extended over recent years; however, the chemical communication leading to priming is far from being well understood. Furthermore, linkage between below- and above-ground plant physiological processes adds to the complexity. In metabolomics studies, the main aim is to profile and annotate all exo- and endo-metabolites in a biological system that drive and participate in physiological processes. Recent advances in this field has enabled researchers to analyze 100s of compounds in one sample over a short time period. Here, from a metabolomics viewpoint, we review the interactions within the rhizosphere and subsequent above-ground 'signalomics', and emphasize the contributions that mass spectrometric-based metabolomic approaches can bring to the study of plant-beneficial - and priming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msizi I. Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nico Labuschagne
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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31
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Sánchez-Bel P, Sanmartín N, Pastor V, Mateu D, Cerezo M, Vidal-Albalat A, Pastor-Fernández J, Pozo MJ, Flors V. Mycorrhizal tomato plants fine tunes the growth-defence balance upon N depleted root environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:406-420. [PMID: 29194658 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In low nutritive environments, the uptake of N by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may confer competitive advantages for the host. The present study aims to understand how mycorrhizal tomato plants perceive and then prepare for an N depletion in the root environment. Plants colonized by Rhizophagus irregularis displayed improved responses to a lack of N than nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants. These responses were accomplished by a complex metabolic and transcriptional rearrangement that mostly affected the gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid pathways involving DELLA and JAZ1 genes, which were responsive to changes in the C/N imbalance of the plant. N starved mycorrhizal plants showed lower C/N equilibrium in the shoots than starved NM plants and concomitantly a downregulation of the JAZ1 repressor and the increased expression of the DELLA gene, which translated into a more active oxylipin pathway in mycorrhizal plants. In addition, the results support a priorization in AM plants of stress responses over growth. Therefore, these plants were better prepared for an expected stress. Furthermore, most metabolites that were severely reduced in NM plants following the N depletion remained unaltered in starved AM plants compared with those normally fertilized, suggesting that the symbiosis buffered the stress, improving plant development in a stressed environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - N Sanmartín
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - V Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - D Mateu
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - M Cerezo
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - A Vidal-Albalat
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - J Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - M J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, 18160, Spain
| | - V Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
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Mauch-Mani B, Baccelli I, Luna E, Flors V. Defense Priming: An Adaptive Part of Induced Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:485-512. [PMID: 28226238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves the defensive capacity of plants. This phenomenon is marked by an enhanced activation of induced defense mechanisms. Stimuli from pathogens, beneficial microbes, or arthropods, as well as chemicals and abiotic cues, can trigger the establishment of priming by acting as warning signals. Upon stimulus perception, changes may occur in the plant at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels. This phase is called the priming phase. Upon subsequent challenge, the plant effectively mounts a faster and/or stronger defense response that defines the postchallenge primed state and results in increased resistance and/or stress tolerance. Priming can be durable and maintained throughout the plant's life cycle and can even be transmitted to subsequent generations, therefore representing a type of plant immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; ,
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; ,
| | - Estrella Luna
- Plant Production and Protection (P3) Institute for Translational Plant and Soil Biology, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom;
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Group, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
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Woo JY, Jeong KJ, Kim YJ, Paek KH. CaLecRK-S.5, a pepper L-type lectin receptor kinase gene, confers broad-spectrum resistance by activating priming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5725-5741. [PMID: 27647723 PMCID: PMC5066492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, several L-type lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs) have been identified as putative immune receptors. However, to date, there have been few analyses of LecRKs in crop plants. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaLecRK-S.5 verified the role of CaLecRK-S.5 in broad-spectrum resistance. Compared with control plants, CaLecRK-S.5-silenced plants showed reduced hypersensitive response, reactive oxygen species burst, secondary metabolite production, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and defense-related gene expression in response to Tobacco mosaic virus pathotype P0 (TMV-P0) infection. Suppression of CaLecRK-S.5 expression significantly enhanced the susceptibility to Pepper mild mottle virus pathotype P1,2,3, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici, as well as TMV-P0 Additionally, β-aminobutyric acid treatment and a systemic acquired resistance assay revealed that CaLecRK-S.5 is involved in priming of plant immunity. Pre-treatment with β-aminobutyric acid before viral infection restored the reduced disease resistance phenotypes shown in CaLecRK-S.5-silenced plants. Systemic acquired resistance was also abolished in CaLecRK-S.5-silenced plants. Finally, RNA sequencing analysis indicated that CaLecRK-S.5 positively regulates plant immunity at the transcriptional level. Altogether, these results suggest that CaLecRK-S.5-mediated broad-spectrum resistance is associated with the regulation of priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ju Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Paek
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Kawauchi M, Arima TH, Kuroyanagi M. Molecular cloning and transcriptional analysis of WRKY and solavetivone biosynthetic genes in the hairy roots of Hyoscyamus albus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hilker M, Schwachtje J, Baier M, Balazadeh S, Bäurle I, Geiselhardt S, Hincha DK, Kunze R, Mueller-Roeber B, Rillig MC, Rolff J, Romeis T, Schmülling T, Steppuhn A, van Dongen J, Whitcomb SJ, Wurst S, Zuther E, Kopka J. Priming and memory of stress responses in organisms lacking a nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1118-1133. [PMID: 26289992 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Experience and memory of environmental stimuli that indicate future stress can prepare (prime) organismic stress responses even in species lacking a nervous system. The process through which such organisms prepare their phenotype for an improved response to future stress has been termed 'priming'. However, other terms are also used for this phenomenon, especially when considering priming in different types of organisms and when referring to different stressors. Here we propose a conceptual framework for priming of stress responses in bacteria, fungi and plants which allows comparison of priming with other terms, e.g. adaptation, acclimation, induction, acquired resistance and cross protection. We address spatial and temporal aspects of priming and highlight current knowledge about the mechanisms necessary for information storage which range from epigenetic marks to the accumulation of (dormant) signalling molecules. Furthermore, we outline possible patterns of primed stress responses. Finally, we link the ability of organisms to become primed for stress responses (their 'primability') with evolutionary ecology aspects and discuss which properties of an organism and its environment may favour the evolution of priming of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Institute of Biology, Freie Universität (FU) Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Schwachtje
- Applied Metabolome Analysis, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Isabel Bäurle
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sven Geiselhardt
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Institute of Biology, Freie Universität (FU) Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Central Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Applied Genetics/Molecular Plant Genetics, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rolff
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Plant Biochemistry, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Applied Genetics, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Steppuhn
- Molecular Ecology, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joost van Dongen
- Rhizosphere Molecular Ecology, Institute of Biology, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah J Whitcomb
- Applied Metabolome Analysis, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional Ecology, DCPS, Institute of Biology, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Central Infrastructure Group Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Applied Metabolome Analysis, Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Balmer A, Pastor V, Gamir J, Flors V, Mauch-Mani B. The 'prime-ome': towards a holistic approach to priming. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:443-52. [PMID: 25921921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants can be primed to respond faster and more strongly to stress and multiple pathways, specific for the encountered challenge, are involved in priming. This adaptability of priming makes it difficult to pinpoint an exact mechanism: the same phenotypic observation might be the consequence of unrelated underlying events. Recently, details of the molecular aspects of establishing a primed state and its transfer to offspring have come to light. Advances in techniques for detection and quantification of elements spanning the fields of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, together with adequate bioinformatics tools, will soon allow us to take a holistic approach to plant defence. This review highlights the state of the art of new strategies to study defence priming in plants and provides perspectives towards 'prime-omics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balmer
- Université de Neuchâtel, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Université de Neuchâtel, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gamir
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Université de Neuchâtel, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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