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Li M, Duan Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Chen J, Song H. The physiological and molecular mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors regulating drought tolerance: A review. Gene 2025; 938:149176. [PMID: 39694344 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.149176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses that significantly impact plant growth and development. Advancements in molecular biology and sequencing technologies have elevated WRKY TF studies from merely determining expression patterns and functional characterization to uncovering molecular regulatory networks. Numerous WRKY TFs regulate drought tolerance in plants through various regulatory networks. This review details the physiological and molecular mechanisms of WRKY TFs regulating drought tolerance. The review focuses on the WRKY TFs involved in the phytohormone and metabolic pathways associated with the drought stress response and the multiple functions of these WRKY TFs, including biotic and abiotic stress responses and their participation in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiran Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Peanut, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266000, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shengzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Peanut, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Peanut, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Peanut, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Yang L, Fang S, Liu L, Zhao L, Chen W, Li X, Xu Z, Chen S, Wang H, Yu D. WRKY transcription factors: Hubs for regulating plant growth and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2025. [PMID: 39815727 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must directly face various stressors. Therefore, plants have evolved a powerful stress resistance system and can adjust their growth and development strategies appropriately in different stressful environments to adapt to complex and ever-changing conditions. Nevertheless, prioritizing defensive responses can hinder growth; this is a crucial factor for plant survival but is detrimental to crop production. As such, comprehending the impact of adverse environments on plant growth is not only a fundamental scientific inquiry but also imperative for the agricultural industry and for food security. The traditional view that plant growth is hindered during defense due to resource allocation trade-offs is challenged by evidence that plants exhibit both robust growth and defensive capabilities through human intervention. These findings suggest that the growth‒defense trade-off is not only dictated by resource limitations but also influenced by intricate transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Hence, it is imperative to conduct thorough investigations on the central genes that govern plant resistance and growth in unfavorable environments. Recent studies have consistently highlighted the importance of WRKY transcription factors in orchestrating stress responses and plant-specific growth and development, underscoring the pivotal role of WRKYs in modulating plant growth under stressful conditions. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the dual roles of WRKYs in the regulation of plant stress resistance and growth across diverse stress environments. This information will be crucial for elucidating the intricate interplay between plant stress response and growth and may aid in identifying gene loci that could be utilized in future breeding programs to develop crops with enhanced stress resistance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Siyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Zhiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shidie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China
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Wai MH, Luo T, Priyadarshani SVGN, Zhou Q, Mohammadi MA, Cheng H, Aslam M, Liu C, Chai G, Huang D, Liu Y, Cai H, Wang X, Qin Y, Wang L. Overexpression of AcWRKY31 Increases Sensitivity to Salt and Drought and Improves Tolerance to Mealybugs in Pineapple. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1850. [PMID: 38999690 PMCID: PMC11243833 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Pineapple is a globally significant tropical fruit, but its cultivation faces numerous challenges due to abiotic and biotic stresses, affecting its quality and quantity. WRKY transcription factors are known regulators of stress responses, however, their specific functions in pineapple are not fully understood. This study investigates the role of AcWRKY31 by overexpressing it in pineapple and Arabidopsis. Transgenic pineapple lines were obtained using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods and abiotic and biotic stress treatments. Transgenic AcWRKY31-OE pineapple plants showed an increased sensitivity to salt and drought stress and an increased resistance to biotic stress from pineapple mealybugs compared to that of WT plants. Similar experiments in AcWRKY31-OE, AtWRKY53-OE, and the Arabidopsis Atwrky53 mutant were performed and consistently confirmed these findings. A comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed 5357 upregulated genes in AcWRKY31-OE pineapple, with 30 genes related to disease and pathogen response. Notably, 18 of these genes contained a W-box sequence in their promoter region. A KEGG analysis of RNA-Seq data showed that upregulated DEG genes are mostly involved in translation, protein kinases, peptidases and inhibitors, membrane trafficking, folding, sorting, and degradation, while the downregulated genes are involved in metabolism, protein families, signaling, and cellular processes. RT-qPCR assays of selected genes confirmed the transcriptomic results. In summary, the AcWRKY31 gene is promising for the improvement of stress responses in pineapple, and it could be a valuable tool for plant breeders to develop stress-tolerant crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Hnin Wai
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Botany, Mandalay University of Distance Education, Ministry of Education, Mandalay 05024, Myanmar
| | - Tiantian Luo
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - S V G N Priyadarshani
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, New Kandy Road, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Qiao Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Han Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gaifeng Chai
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning Investigation Station of South Subtropical Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Wang Z, You L, Gong N, Li C, Li Z, Shen J, Wan L, Luo K, Su X, Feng L, Chen S, Lin W. Comprehensive Expression Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Phoebe bournei under Drought and Waterlogging Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7280. [PMID: 39000387 PMCID: PMC11242546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the WRKY gene family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. This study focused on Phoebe bournei and involved genome-wide identification of WRKY gene family members, clarification of their molecular evolutionary characteristics, and comprehensive mapping of their expression profiles under diverse abiotic stress conditions. A total of 60 WRKY gene family members were identified, and their phylogenetic classification revealed three distinct groups. A conserved motif analysis underscored the significant conservation of motif 1 and motif 2 among the majority of PbWRKY proteins, with proteins within the same class sharing analogous gene structures. Furthermore, an examination of cis-acting elements and protein interaction networks revealed several genes implicated in abiotic stress responses in P. bournei. Transcriptomic data were utilized to analyze the expression patterns of WRKY family members under drought and waterlogged conditions, with subsequent validation by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Notably, PbWRKY55 exhibited significant expression modulation under drought stress; PbWRKY36 responded prominently to waterlogging stress; and PbWRKY18, PbWRKY38, and PbWRKY57 demonstrated altered expression under both drought and waterlogging stresses. This study revealed the PbWRKY candidate genes that potentially play a pivotal role in enhancing abiotic stress resilience in P. bournei. The findings have provided valuable insights and knowledge that can guide further research aimed at understanding and addressing the impacts of abiotic stress within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shipin Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.W.); (L.Y.); (N.G.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (X.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Wenjun Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.W.); (L.Y.); (N.G.); (C.L.); (Z.L.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (X.S.); (L.F.)
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Ma Z, Hu L. WRKY Transcription Factor Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6845. [PMID: 38999954 PMCID: PMC11241455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are subjected to abiotic stresses throughout their developmental period. Abiotic stresses include drought, salt, heat, cold, heavy metals, nutritional elements, and oxidative stresses. Improving plant responses to various environmental stresses is critical for plant survival and perpetuation. WRKY transcription factors have special structures (WRKY structural domains), which enable the WRKY transcription factors to have different transcriptional regulatory functions. WRKY transcription factors can not only regulate abiotic stress responses and plant growth and development by regulating phytohormone signalling pathways but also promote or suppress the expression of downstream genes by binding to the W-box [TGACCA/TGACCT] in the promoters of their target genes. In addition, WRKY transcription factors not only interact with other families of transcription factors to regulate plant defence responses to abiotic stresses but also self-regulate by recognising and binding to W-boxes in their own target genes to regulate their defence responses to abiotic stresses. However, in recent years, research reviews on the regulatory roles of WRKY transcription factors in higher plants have been scarce and shallow. In this review, we focus on the structure and classification of WRKY transcription factors, as well as the identification of their downstream target genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the response to abiotic stresses, which can improve the tolerance ability of plants under abiotic stress, and we also look forward to their future research directions, with a view of providing theoretical support for the genetic improvement of crop abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Ma
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lanjuan Hu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Yan X, Zhao J, Huang W, Liu C, Hao X, Gao C, Deng M, Wen J. Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in Chinese Rose and Response to Drought, Heat, and Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:800. [PMID: 38927736 PMCID: PMC11203230 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The WRKY gene family is a key transcription factor family for plant development and the stress response. However, few studies have investigated the WRKY gene family in Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis). In this study, 68 RcWRKY genes were identified from the Chinese rose genome and classified into three primary groups and five subgroups based on the structural and phylogenetic characteristics. The analysis of the conserved domains, motifs, and gene structure revealed that the RcWRKY genes within the same group had the same exon-intron organization and composition. Chromosome mapping and gene duplication revealed that the RcWRKY genes were randomly dispersed across seven chromosomes. Fragment duplication and refined selection may have influenced the evolution of the WRKY gene family in Chinese rose. The cis-acting elements in the WRKY promoter region revealed that the RcWRKY genes contained numerous abiotic stress response elements. The results of qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of RcWRKY was tissue-specific, with high expression being observed under drought, heat, and salt stress. Notably, RcWRKY49's expression increased more than fivefold following salt stress, indicating that it is a crucial gene mediating the salt stress response of Chinese rose. These findings shed light on the regulatory role of RcWRKY in the growth and development of Chinese rose, and they serve as a foundation for future molecular breeding programs and gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650021, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650021, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Cheng Liu
- Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650021, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Xuan Hao
- Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650021, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Chengye Gao
- Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650021, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Minghua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinfen Wen
- Faculty of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650021, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.H.); (C.G.)
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Debnath T, Dhar DG, Dhar P. Molecular switches in plant stress adaptation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:20. [PMID: 38108912 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to the global ecosystem, prompting plants to use various adaptive mechanisms via molecular switches to combat biotic and abiotic stress factors. These switches activate stress-induced pathways by altering their configuration between stable states. In this review, we investigated the regulation of molecular switches in different plant species in response to stress, including the stress-regulated response of multiple switches in Arabidopsis thaliana. We also discussed techniques for developing stress-resilient crops using molecular switches through advanced biotechnological tools. The literature search, conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, utilized keywords such as molecular switch, plant adaptation, biotic and abiotic stresses, transcription factors, Arabidopsis thaliana, and crop improvement. Recent studies have shown that a single molecular switch can regulate multiple stress networks, and multiple switches can regulate a single stress condition. This multifactorial understanding provides clarity to the switch regulatory network and highlights the interrelationships of different molecular switches. Advanced breeding techniques, along with genomic and biotechnological tools, have paved the way for further research on molecular switches in crop improvement. The use of synthetic biology in molecular switches will lead to a better understanding of plant stress biology and potentially bring forth a new era of stress-resilient, climate-smart crops worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tista Debnath
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, 111/2 B.T. Road, Bon-Hooghly, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India
| | - Debasmita Ghosh Dhar
- Kataganj Spandan, Social Welfare Organization, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741250, India
| | - Priyanka Dhar
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, 111/2 B.T. Road, Bon-Hooghly, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India.
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Chen L, Lin J, Wang Z, Pan J, Yang F, Ni X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Pi E, Wang S. Multifaceted roles of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303667. [PMID: 38169626 PMCID: PMC10758500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are seriously impeding the growth and yield of staple crops and threatening global food security. As one of the largest classes of regulators in vascular plants, WRKY transcription factors play critical roles governing flavonoid biosynthesis during stress responses. By binding major W-box cis-elements (TGACCA/T) in target promoters, WRKYs modulate diverse signaling pathways. In this review, we optimized existing WRKY phylogenetic trees by incorporating additional plant species with WRKY proteins implicated in stress tolerance and flavonoid regulation. Based on the improved frameworks and documented results, we aim to deduce unifying themes of distinct WRKY subfamilies governing specific stress responses and flavonoid metabolism. These analyses will generate experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the putative functions of uncharacterized WRKY homologs in tuning flavonoid accumulation to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Nath A, Sharma A, Singh SK, Sundaram S. Bio Prospecting of Endophytes and PGPRs in Artemisinin Production for the Socio-economic Advancement. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:4. [PMID: 37947887 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for Artemisia annua plants in healthcare, food, and pharmaceutical industries has led to increased cultivation efforts to extract a vital compound, Artemisinin. The efficacy of Artemisinin as a potent drug against malaria disease is well established but its limited natural abundance. However, the common practice of using chemical fertilizers for maximum yield has adverse effects on plant growth, development, and the quality of phytochemicals. To address these issues, the review discusses the alternative approach of harnessing beneficial rhizosphere microbiota, particularly plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Microbes hold substantial biotechnological potential for augmenting medicinal plant production, offering an environmentally friendly and cost-effective means to enhance medicinal plant production. This review article aims to identify a suitable endophytic population capable of enabling Artemisia sp. to thrive amidst abiotic stress while simultaneously enhancing Artemisinin production, thereby broadening its availability to a larger population. Furthermore, by subjecting endophytes to diverse combinations of harsh conditions, this review sheds light on the modulation of essential artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes, both up regulated and down regulated. The collective findings suggest that through the in vitro engineering of endophytic communities and their in vivo application to Artemisia plants cultivated in tribal population fields, artemisinin production can be significantly augmented. The overall aim of this review to explore the potential of harnessing microbial communities, their functions, and services to enhance the cultivation of medicinal plants. It outlines a promising path toward bolstering artemisinin production, which holds immense promise in the fight against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- Department of Botany, Nehru Gram Bharati Deemed to University, Prayagraj, 221505, India.
| | - Abhijeet Sharma
- Centres of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | | | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centres of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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10
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Song H, Guo Z, Duan Z, Li M, Zhang J. WRKY transcription factors in Arachis hypogaea and its donors: From identification to function prediction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108131. [PMID: 37897893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Since the initial isolation of a WRKY TF in Ipomoea batatas in 1994, WRKY TFs have been identified in plants, protozoa, and fungi. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a key oil and protein crop for humans and a forage source for animal consumption. Several Arachis genomes have been sequenced and genome-wide WRKY TFs have been identified. In this review, we summarized WRKY TFs and their functions in A. hypogaea and its donors. We also standardized the nomenclature for Arachis WRKY TFs to ensure uniformity. We determined the evolutionary relationships between Arachis and Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY (AtWRKY) TFs using a phylogenetic analysis. Biological functions and regulatory networks of Arachis WRKY TFs were predicted using AtWRKY TFs. Thus, this review paves the way for studies of Arachis WRKY TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zhonglong Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhenquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Meiran Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Specialty Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Saline Soils of Coastal Beach, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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11
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Song X, Hou X, Zeng Y, Jia D, Li Q, Gu Y, Miao H. Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of WRKY transcription factor family in safflower during drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16955. [PMID: 37805641 PMCID: PMC10560227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY family is an important family of transcription factors in plant development and stress response. Currently, there are few reports on the WRKY gene family in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). In this study, a total of 82 CtWRKY genes were identified from the safflower genome and could be classified into 3 major groups and 5 subgroups based on their structural and phylogenetic characteristics. The results of gene structure, conserved domain and motif analyses indicated that CtWRKYs within the same subfamily maintained a consistent exon/intron organization and composition. Chromosomal localization and gene duplication analysis results showed that CtWRKYs were randomly localized on 12 chromosomes and that fragment duplication and purification selection may have played an important role in the evolution of the WRKY gene family in safflower. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed that the CtWRKYs contain many abiotic stress response elements and hormone response elements. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the expression of CtWRKYs showed tissue specificity and a strong response to drought stress. Notably, the expression level of the CtWRKY55 gene rapidly increased more than eightfold under drought treatment and rehydration, indicating that it may be a key gene in response to drought stress. These results provide useful insights for investigating the regulatory function of the CtWRKY gene in safflower growth and development, as well as identifying key genes for future molecular breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Song
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xianfei Hou
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Youling Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Donghai Jia
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China.
| | - Yuanguo Gu
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Haocui Miao
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
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12
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Geng L, Yu S, Zhang Y, Su L, Lu W, Zhu H, Jiang X. Transcription factor RcNAC091 enhances rose drought tolerance through the abscisic acid-dependent pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1695-1712. [PMID: 37364582 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in controlling plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, few studies have examined NAC proteins related to drought stress tolerance in rose (Rosa chinensis). Here, we identified a drought- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced NAC TF, RcNAC091, that localizes to the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. Virus-induced silencing of RcNAC091 resulted in decreased drought stress tolerance, and RcNAC091 overexpression had the opposite effect. Specifically, ABA mediated RcNAC091-regulated drought tolerance. A transcriptomic comparison showed altered expression of genes involved in ABA signaling and oxidase metabolism in RcNAC091-silenced plants. We further confirmed that RcNAC091 directly targets the promoter of RcWRKY71 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, RcWRKY71-slienced rose plants were not sensitive to both ABA and drought stress, whereas RcWRKY71-overexpressing plants were hypersensitive to ABA, which resulted in drought-tolerant phenotypes. The expression of ABA biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes was impaired in RcWRKY71-slienced plants, suggesting that RcWRKY71 might facilitate the ABA-dependent pathway. Therefore, our results show that RcWRKY71 is transcriptionally activated by RcNAC091, which positively modulates ABA signaling and drought responses. The results of this study provide insights into the roles of TFs as functional links between RcNAC091 and RcWRKY71 in priming resistance; our findings also have implications for the approaches to enhance the drought resistance of roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Geng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Yichang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Wanpei Lu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
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13
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Chen J, Hou S, Zhang Q, Meng J, Zhang Y, Du J, Wang C, Liang D, Guo Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Asparagus officinalis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1704. [PMID: 37761844 PMCID: PMC10530708 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the related research of the WRKY gene family has been gradually promoted, which is mainly reflected in the aspects of environmental stress and hormone response. However, to make the study of the WRKY gene family more complete, we also need to focus on the whole-genome analysis and identification of the family. In previous studies, the whole WRKY gene family of Arabidopsis, legumes and other plants has been thoroughly studied. However, since the publication of Asparagus officinalis genome-wide data, there has never been an analysis of the whole WRKY gene family. To understand more broadly the function of the WRKY gene family, the whole genome and salt stress transcriptome data of asparagus were used for comprehensive analysis in this study, including WRKY gene family identification, phylogenetic tree construction, analysis of conserved mods and gene domains, extraction of cis-acting elements, intron/exon analysis, species collinearity analysis, and WRKY expression analysis under salt stress. The results showed that a total of 70 genes were selected and randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes and one undefined chromosome. According to the functional classification of Arabidopsis thaliana, the WRKY family of asparagus was divided into 11 subgroups (C1-C9, U1, U2). It is worth considering that the distribution rules of gene-conserved motifs, gene domains and introns/exons in the same subfamily are similar, which suggests that genes in the same subfamily may regulate similar physiological processes. In this study, 11 cis-acting elements of WRKY family were selected, among which auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and other hormone-regulated induction elements were involved. In addition, environmental stress (such as drought stress and low-temperature response) also accounted for a large proportion. Interestingly, we analyzed a total of two tandem duplicate genes and 13 segmental duplication genes, suggesting that this is related to the amplification of the WRKY gene family. Transcriptome data analysis showed that WRKY family genes could regulate plant growth and development by up-regulating and down-regulating gene expression under salt stress. Volcanic maps showed that 3 and 15 AoWRKY genes were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in NI&NI+S and AMF&AMF+S, respectively. These results provide a new way to analyze the evolution and function of the WRKY gene family, and can provide a reference for the production and research of asparagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Sijia Hou
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China;
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianqiao Meng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhong Du
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Dan Liang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Yunqian Guo
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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An X, Liu Q, Jiang H, Dong G, Tian D, Luo X, Chen C, Li W, Liu T, Zou L, Ying J, Zhou H, Zhu X, Chen X. Bioinformatics Analysis of WRKY Family Genes in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum). Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1258. [PMID: 37374041 DOI: 10.3390/life13061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families involved in various physiological processes of plants. Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is an important stem fiber crop, and it is also an economically important crop in natural fiber and textile industries around the world. In this study, 105 WRKY genes were obtained by screening the whole genome of flax. There were 26 in group I, 68 in group II, 8 in group III and 3 in group UN. The characteristics of the WRKY motif and gene structure in each group are similar. The promoter sequence of WRKY genes includes photoresponsive elements, core regulatory elements and 12 cis-acting elements under abiotic stress. Similar to A. thaliana and Compositae plants, WRKY genes are evenly distributed on each chromosome, with segmental and tandem repeated events, which play a major role in the evolution of WRKY genes. The flax WRKY gene family is mainly concentrated in group I and group II. This study is mainly based on genome-wide information to classify and analyze the flax WRKY gene family, laying a foundation for further understanding the role of WRKY transcription factors in species evolution and functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia An
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guoyun Dong
- Zhangjiajie Research Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhangjiajie 427000, China
| | - Danqing Tian
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Xiahong Luo
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Changli Chen
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Wenlue Li
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Lina Zou
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Jinyao Ying
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan District Agricultural (Forestry) Technology Promotion, Hangzhou 311203, China
| | - Huaping Zhou
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan District Agricultural (Forestry) Technology Promotion, Hangzhou 311203, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural Science Extension Research Institute, Dali 671699, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Agricultural Science Extension Research Institute, Dali 671699, China
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Ramos RN, Zhang N, Lauff DB, Valenzuela-Riffo F, Figueroa CR, Martin GB, Pombo MA, Rosli HG. Loss-of-function mutations in WRKY22 and WRKY25 impair stomatal-mediated immunity and PTI and ETI responses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01358-0. [PMID: 37226022 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants defend themselves against pathogens using a two-layered immune system. The first response, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), is activated upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Virulent bacteria such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), deliver effector proteins into the plant cell to promote susceptibility. However, some plants possess resistance (R) proteins that recognize specific effectors leading to the activation of the second response, effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Resistant tomatoes such as Río Grande-PtoR recognize two Pst effectors (AvrPto and AvrPtoB) through the host Pto/Prf complex and activate ETI. We previously showed that the transcription factors (TF) WRKY22 and WRKY25 are positive regulators of plant immunity against bacterial and potentially non-bacterial pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, the CRISPR-Cas9 technique was used to develop three knockout tomato lines for either one or both TFs. The single and double mutants were all compromised in Pto/Prf-mediated ETI and had a weaker PTI response. The stomata apertures in all of the mutant lines did not respond to darkness or challenge with Pst DC3000. The WRKY22 and WRKY25 proteins both localize in the nucleus, but we found no evidence of a physical interaction between them. The WRKY22 TF was found to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of WRKY25, supporting the idea that they are not functionally redundant. Together, our results indicate that both WRKY TFs play a role in modulating stomata and are positive regulators of plant immunity in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina N Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ning Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Diana B Lauff
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felipe Valenzuela-Riffo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millenium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Marina A Pombo
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Hernan G Rosli
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, INFIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang H, Cheng X, Yin D, Chen D, Luo C, Liu H, Huang C. Advances in the Research on Plant WRKY Transcription Factors Responsive to External Stresses. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2861-2880. [PMID: 37185711 PMCID: PMC10136515 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors are a class of transcriptional regulators that are ubiquitous in plants, wherein they play key roles in various physiological activities, including responses to stress. Specifically, WRKY transcription factors mediate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through the binding of their conserved domain to the W-box element of the target gene promoter and the subsequent activation or inhibition of transcription (self-regulation or cross-regulation). In this review, the progress in the research on the regulatory effects of WRKY transcription factors on plant responses to external stresses is summarized, with a particular focus on the structural characteristics, classifications, biological functions, effects on plant secondary metabolism, regulatory networks, and other aspects of WRKY transcription factors. Future research and prospects in this field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wang
- College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Conglin Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Li K, Liu X, He F, Chen S, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li L, Zhang S, Ren M, Yuan Y. Genome-wide analysis of the Tritipyrum WRKY gene family and the response of TtWRKY256 in salt-tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042078. [PMID: 36589069 PMCID: PMC9795024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transcription factor WRKY is widespread in the plant kingdom and plays a crucial role in diverse abiotic stress responses in plant species. Tritipyrum, an octoploid derived from an intergeneric cross between Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) and Thinopyrum elongatum (EE), is a valuable germplasm resource for introducing superior traits of Th. elongatum into T. aestivum. The recent release of the complete genome sequences of T. aestivum and Th. elongatum enabled us to investigate the organization and expression profiling of Tritipyrum WRKY genes across the entire genome. RESULTS In this study, 346 WRKY genes, from TtWRKY1 to TtWRKY346, were identified in Tritipyrum. The phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into three subfamilies (I-III), and members of the same subfamilies shared a conserved motif composition. The 346 TtWRKY genes were dispersed unevenly across 28 chromosomes, with 218 duplicates. Analysis of synteny suggests that the WRKY gene family may have a common ancestor. Expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and qPCR demonstrated that 54 TtWRKY genes exhibited relatively high levels of expression across various salt stresses and recovery treatments. Tel1E01T143800 (TtWRKY256) is extremely sensitive to salt stress and is on the same evolutionary branch as the salt-tolerant A. thaliana genes AtWRKY25 and AtWRKY33. From 'Y1805', the novel AtWRKY25 was cloned. The Pearson correlation analysis identified 181 genes that were positively correlated (R>0.9) with the expression of TtWRKY256, and these genes were mainly enriched in metabolic processes, cellular processes, response to stimulus, biological regulation, and regulation of biological. Subcellular localization and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TtWRKY256 was located in the nucleus and was highly expressed in roots, stems, and leaves under salt stress. DISCUSSION The above results suggest that TtWRKY256 may be associated with salt stress tolerance in plants and may be a valuable alien gene for improving salt tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyin Li
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang He
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Songshu Chen
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangyi Zhou
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Luhua Li
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Suqin Zhang
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjian Ren
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yuan
- Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
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18
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Gan C, Liu Z, Pang B, Zuo D, Hou Y, Zhou L, Yu J, Chen L, Wang H, Gu L, Du X, Zhu B, Yi Y. Integrative physiological and transcriptome analyses provide insights into the Cadmium (Cd) tolerance of a Cd accumulator: Erigeron canadensis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:778. [PMID: 36443662 PMCID: PMC9703714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic pollutant in soil and water that severely hampers the growth and reproduction of plants. Phytoremediation has been presented as a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for addressing heavy metal pollution. However, phytoremediation is restricted by the limited number of accumulators and the unknown mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated that Erigeron canadensis (Asteraceae), with its strong adaptability, is tolerant to intense Cd stress (2 mmol/L CdCl2 solution). Moreover, E. canadensis exhibited a strong ability to accumulate Cd2+ when treated with CdCl2 solution. The activity of some antioxidant enzymes, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, was significantly increased when E. canadensis was treated with different CdCl2 solutions (0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L CdCl2). We found high levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities under 1 mmol/L CdCl2 treatment. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 5,284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the roots and 3,815 DEGs in the shoots after E. canadensis plants were exposed to 0.5 mM Cd. Functional annotation of key DEGs indicated that signal transduction, hormone response, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism responded significantly to Cd. In particular, the DEGs involved in auxin (IAA) and ethylene (ETH) signal transduction were overrepresented in shoots, indicating that these genes are mainly involved in regulating plant growth and thus likely responsible for the Cd tolerance. Overall, these results not only determined that E. canadensis can be used as a potential accumulator of Cd but also provided some clues regarding the mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Gan
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaochao Liu
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Pang
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zuo
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Hou
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhou Zhou
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- grid.449845.00000 0004 1757 5011School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gu
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuye Du
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Yi
- grid.443395.c0000 0000 9546 5345School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025 People’s Republic of China
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19
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The CRK5 and WRKY53 Are Conditional Regulators of Senescence and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223558. [PMID: 36428987 PMCID: PMC9688832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large group of membrane-localized proteins which perceive external stimuli and transduce the signal into the cell. Previous reports based on their loss-of-function phenotypes and expression profile support their role in many developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Our study revealed that one member of this family, CRK5, acts as a negative regulator of leaf aging. Enrichment of the CRK5 promoter region in W-box cis-elements demonstrated that WRKY transcription factors control it. We observed significantly enhanced WRKY53 expression in crk5 and reversion of its early-senescence phenotype in the crk5 wrky53 line, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these proteins antagonistically regulating chlorophyll a and b contents. Yeast-two hybrid assay showed further that CRK5 interacts with several proteins involved in response to water deprivation or calcium signaling, while gas exchange analysis revealed a positive effect of CRK5 on water use efficiency. Consistent with that, the crk5 plants showed disturbed foliar temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress. These traits were fully or partially reverted to wild-type phenotype in crk5 wrky53 double mutant. Obtained results suggest that WRKY53 and CRK5 are antagonistic regulators of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation, senescence, and stomatal conductance.
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20
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Ponce OP, Torres Y, Prashar A, Buell R, Lozano R, Orjeda G, Compton L. Transcriptome profiling shows a rapid variety-specific response in two Andigenum potato varieties under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003907. [PMID: 36237505 PMCID: PMC9551401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potato is a drought-sensitive crop whose global sustainable production is threatened by alterations in water availability. Whilst ancestral Solanum tuberosum Andigenum landraces retain wild drought tolerance mechanisms, their molecular bases remain poorly understood. In this study, an aeroponic growth system was established to investigate stress responses in leaf and root of two Andigenum varieties with contrasting drought tolerance. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed widespread differences in the response of the two varieties at early and late time points of exposure to drought stress and in the recovery after rewatering. Major differences in the response of the two varieties occurred at the early time point, suggesting the speed of response is crucial. In the leaves and roots of the tolerant variety, we observed rapid upregulation of ABA-related genes, which did not occur until later in the susceptible variety and indicated not only more effective ABA synthesis and mobilization, but more effective feedback regulation to limit detrimental effects of too much ABA. Roots of both varieties showed differential expression of genes involved in cell wall reinforcement and remodeling to maintain cell wall strength, hydration and growth under drought stress, including genes involved in lignification and wall expansion, though the response was stronger in the tolerant variety. Such changes in leaf and root may help to limit water losses in the tolerant variety, while limiting the reduction in photosynthetic rate. These findings provide insights into molecular bases of drought tolerance mechanisms and pave the way for their reintroduction into modern cultivars with improved resistance to drought stress and yield stability under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yerisf Torres
- Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Unidad de genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ankush Prashar
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Buell
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, Center for Applied Genetic Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Roberto Lozano
- Unidad de genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Digital Science and Technology Department, Joyn Bio LLC, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gisella Orjeda
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsey Compton
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Genome-Wide Identification of Brassicaceae Hormone-Related Transcription Factors and Their Roles in Stress Adaptation and Plant Height Regulation in Allotetraploid Rapeseed. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158762. [PMID: 35955899 PMCID: PMC9369146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormone-related transcription factors (TFs) are involved in regulating stress responses and plant growth. However, systematic analysis of these TFs in Brassicaceae is limited, and their functions in stress adaptation and plant height (PH) regulation remain unclear. In this study, 2115 hormone-related TFs were identified in nine Brassicaceae species. Specific domains were found in several Brassicaceae hormone-related TFs, which may be associated with diverse functions. Syntenic analysis indicated that expansion of these genes was mainly caused by segmental duplication, with whole-genome duplication occurring in some species. Differential expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis identified seven phytohormone-related TFs (BnaWRKY7, 21, 32, 38, 52, BnaGL3-4, and BnaAREB2-5) as possible key genes for cadmium (Cd) toxicity, salinity stress, and potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) deficiencies. Furthermore, BnaWRKY42 and BnaARR21 may play essential roles in plant height. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 15 phytohormone-related TFs and their potential target genes regulating stress adaptation and plant height. Among the above genes, BnaWRKY56 and BnaWRKY60 responded to four different stresses simultaneously, and BnaWRKY42 was identified in two dwarf rapeseeds. In summary, several candidate genes for stress resistance (BnaWRKY56 and BnaWRKY60) and plant height (BnaWRKY42) were identified. These findings should help elucidate the biological roles of Brassicaceae hormone-related TFs, and the identified candidate genes should provide a genetic resource for the potential development of stress-tolerant and dwarf oilseed plants.
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Ye X, Zheng X, Tan B, Wang W, Li Z, Li J, Cheng J, Feng J. Overexpressing VvWRKY18 from grapevine reduces the drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by increasing leaf stomatal density. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153741. [PMID: 35690029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of grapevine [Vitis vinifera L.] is commonly limited by drought stress. The mechanisms by which grapevine copes with drought stress have not yet been extensively clarified. In this study, the drought and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced gene VvWRKY18 was demonstrated to decreased drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana overexpression (VvWRKY18-OE) lines. Compared to wild-type plants, VvWRKY18-OE lines showed increased levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) H2O2 and O2- decreased levels of proline, weakened activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and decreased sensitivity to ABA with respect to stomatal closure.VvWRKY18-OE lines also showed an increase in stomatal density and a higher water loss rate. Negative regulators of stomatal development including SDD1, YDA, TMM, and MPK6, were downregulated in VvWRKY18-OE lines. Transcript levels of the stress-related genes DREB1A and CBF2 were significantly reduced in VvWRKY18-OE lines under drought stress. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that VvWRKY18 reduced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Our results contribute to understanding of the roles that WRKY genes play in drought stress and stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langlang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xia Ye
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xianbo Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jidong Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jiancan Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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23
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Dong L, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analyses of group III WRKY genes in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
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24
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Huang Z, Liu L, Jian L, Xu W, Wang J, Li Y, Jiang CZ. Heterologous Expression of MfWRKY7 of Resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia Enhances Salt and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147890. [PMID: 35887237 PMCID: PMC9324418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought and salinity have become major environmental problems that affect the production of agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The identification of stress-tolerant genes from plants adaptive to harsh environments might be a feasible strategy for plant genetic improvement to address the challenges brought by global climate changes. In this study, a dehydration-upregulated gene MfWRKY7 of resurrection Plant Myrothamnusflabellifolia, encoding a group IId WRKY transcription factor, was cloned and characterized. The overexpression of MfWRKY7 in Arabidopsis increased root length and tolerance to drought and NaCl at both seedling and adult stages. Further investigation indicated that MfWRKY7 transgenic plants had higher contents of chlorophyll, proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar but a lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde content compared with wild-type plants under both drought and salinity stresses. Moreover, the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and lower accumulation of O2− and H2O2 in MfWRKY7 transgenic plants were also found, indicating enhanced antioxidation capacity by MfWRKY7. These findings showed that MfWRKY7 may function in positive regulation of responses to drought and salinity stresses, and therefore, it has potential application value in genetic improvement of plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-134-3893-4187
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Linli Jian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenxin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiatong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaxuan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (L.J.); (W.X.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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25
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Hu Y, Chen X, Shen X. Regulatory network established by transcription factors transmits drought stress signals in plant. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:26. [PMID: 37676542 PMCID: PMC10442052 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that evolve with a flexible signal transduction system in order to rapidly respond to environmental changes. Drought, a common abiotic stress, affects multiple plant developmental processes especially growth. In response to drought stress, an intricate hierarchical regulatory network is established in plant to survive from the extreme environment. The transcriptional regulation carried out by transcription factors (TFs) is the most important step for the establishment of the network. In this review, we summarized almost all the TFs that have been reported to participate in drought tolerance (DT) in plant. Totally 466 TFs from 86 plant species that mostly belong to 11 families are collected here. This demonstrates that TFs in these 11 families are the main transcriptional regulators of plant DT. The regulatory network is built by direct protein-protein interaction or mutual regulation of TFs. TFs receive upstream signals possibly via post-transcriptional regulation and output signals to downstream targets via direct binding to their promoters to regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
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26
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CALMODULIN1 and WRKY53 Function in Plant Defense by Negatively Regulating the Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147718. [PMID: 35887066 PMCID: PMC9323616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone that functions in plant defense. cam1 and wrky53 mutants were more resistant to Spodoptera littoralis than in the wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis group. In addition, JA concentration in cam1 and wrky53 mutants was higher compared with the WT group. To explore how these two proteins affect the resistance of Arabidopsis plants, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay and in vitro pull-down assay confirming that calmodulin 1 (CAM1) interacted with WRKY53. However, these two proteins separate when calcium concentration increases in Arabidopsis leaf cells. Then, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase activation assay were used to verify that WRKY53 could bind to lipoxygenases 3 (LOX3) and lipoxygenases 4 (LOX4) gene promoters and negatively regulate gene expression. This study reveals that CAM1 and WRKY53 negatively regulate plant resistance to herbivory by regulating the JA biosynthesis pathway via the dissociation of CAM1-WRKY53, then the released WRKY53 binds to the LOXs promoters to negatively regulate LOXs gene expression. This study reveals WRKY53′s mechanism in insect resistance, a new light on the function of WRKY53.
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27
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Ectopic Overexpression of Pineapple Transcription Factor AcWRKY31 Reduces Drought and Salt Tolerance in Rice and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116269. [PMID: 35682951 PMCID: PMC9181287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is an important tropical fruit with high economic value, and its growth and development are affected by the external environment. Drought and salt stresses are common adverse conditions that can affect crop quality and yield. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in plant stress response, but the function of pineapple WRKY TFs in drought and salt stress tolerance is largely unknown. In this study, a pineapple AcWRKY31 gene was cloned and characterized. AcWRKY31 is a nucleus-localized protein that has transcriptional activation activity. We observed that the panicle length and seed number of AcWRKY31 overexpression transgenic rice plants were significantly reduced compared with that in wild-type plant ZH11. RNA-seq technology was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between wild-type ZH11 and AcWRKY31 overexpression transgenic rice plants. In addition, ectopic overexpression of AcWRKY31 in rice and Arabidopsis resulted in plant oversensitivity to drought and salt stress. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of abiotic stress-responsive genes were significantly decreased in the transgenic plants compared with those in the wild-type plants under drought and salt stress conditions. In summary, these results showed that ectopic overexpression of AcWRKY31 reduced drought and salt tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis and provided a candidate gene for crop variety improvement.
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28
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Zhang C, Wang W, Wang D, Hu S, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Cui L. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the WRKY Gene Family in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi under Diverse Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084225. [PMID: 35457040 PMCID: PMC9029115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY gene family is an important inducible regulatory factor in plants, which has been extensively studied in many model plants. It has progressively become the focus of investigation for the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Currently, there is no systematic analysis of the WRKY gene family in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. For this study, a systematic and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the WRKY gene family was conducted based on the genomic data of S. baicalensis. A total of 77 WRKY members were identified and 75 were mapped onto nine chromosomes, respectively. Their encoded WRKY proteins could be classified into three subfamilies: Group I, Group II (II-a, II-b, II-c, II-d, II-e), and Group III, based on the characteristics of the amino acid sequences of the WRKY domain and genetic structure. Syntenic analysis revealed that there were 35 pairs of repetitive fragments. Furthermore, the transcriptome data of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers showed that the spatial expression profiles of WRKYs were different. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that 11 stress-related WRKYs exhibited specific expression patterns under diverse treatments. In addition, sub cellular localization analysis indicated that SbWRKY26 and SbWRKY41 were localized in nucleus. This study is the first to report the identification and characterization of the WRKY gene family in S. baicalensis, which is valuable for the further exploration of the biological function of SbWRKYs. It also provides valuable bioinformatics data for S. baicalensis and provides a reference for assessing the medicinal properties of the genus.
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29
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Li J, Li Y, Dang M, Li S, Chen S, Liu R, Zhang Z, Li G, Zhang M, Yang D, Yang M, Liu Y, Tian D, Deng X. Jasmonate-Responsive Transcription Factors NnWRKY70a and NnWRKY70b Positively Regulate Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862915. [PMID: 35783938 PMCID: PMC9240598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a large aquatic plant that accumulates pharmacologically significant benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). However, little is known about their biosynthesis and regulation. Here, we show that the two group III WRKY transcription factors (TFs), NnWRKY70a and NnWRKY70b, positively regulate the BIA biosynthesis in lotus. Both NnWRKY70s are jasmonic acid (JA) responsive, with their expression profiles highly correlated to the BIA concentration and BIA pathway gene expression. A dual-luciferase assay showed that NnWRKY70a could transactivate the NnTYDC promoter, whereas NnWRKY70b could activate promoters of the three BIA structural genes, including NnTYDC, NnCYP80G, and Nn7OMT. In addition, the transient overexpression of NnWRKY70a and NnWRKY70b in lotus petals significantly elevated the BIA alkaloid concentrations. Notably, NnWRKY70b seems to be a stronger BIA biosynthesis regulator, because it dramatically induced more BIA structural gene expressions and BIA accumulation than NnWRKY70a. A yeast two-hybrid assay further revealed that NnWRKY70b physically interacted with NnJAZ1 and two other group III WRKY TFs (NnWRKY53b and NnWRKY70a), suggesting that it may cooperate with the other group III WRKYs to adjust the lotus BIA biosynthesis via the JA-signaling pathway. To illustrate the mechanism underlying NnWRKY70b-mediated BIA regulation in the lotus, a simplified model is proposed. Our study provides useful insights into the regulatory roles of WRKY TFs in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjing Dang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simeng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhen Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqian Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Daike Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianbao Deng
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xianbao Deng
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Sow MD, Le Gac AL, Fichot R, Lanciano S, Delaunay A, Le Jan I, Lesage-Descauses MC, Citerne S, Caius J, Brunaud V, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Cochard H, Segura V, Chaparro C, Grunau C, Daviaud C, Tost J, Brignolas F, Strauss SH, Mirouze M, Maury S. RNAi suppression of DNA methylation affects the drought stress response and genome integrity in transgenic poplar. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:80-97. [PMID: 34128549 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trees are long-lived organisms that continuously adapt to their environments, a process in which epigenetic mechanisms are likely to play a key role. Via downregulation of the chromatin remodeler DECREASED IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) in poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) RNAi lines, we examined how DNA methylation coordinates genomic and physiological responses to moderate water deficit. We compared the growth and drought response of two RNAi-ddm1 lines to wild-type (WT) trees under well-watered and water deficit/rewatering conditions, and analyzed their methylomes, transcriptomes, mobilomes and phytohormone contents in the shoot apical meristem. The RNAi-ddm1 lines were more tolerant to drought-induced cavitation but did not differ in height or stem diameter growth. About 5000 differentially methylated regions were consistently detected in both RNAi-ddm1 lines, colocalizing with 910 genes and 89 active transposable elements. Under water deficit conditions, 136 differentially expressed genes were found, including many involved in phytohormone pathways; changes in phytohormone concentrations were also detected. Finally, the combination of hypomethylation and drought led to the mobility of two transposable elements. Our findings suggest major roles for DNA methylation in regulation of genes involved in hormone-related stress responses, and the maintenance of genome integrity through repression of transposable elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou D Sow
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Anne-Laure Le Gac
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Régis Fichot
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Sophie Lanciano
- IRD, UMR 232 DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France
- Laboratory of Plant Genome and Development, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, 66860, France
| | - Alain Delaunay
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Isabelle Le Jan
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | | | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Jose Caius
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Vincent Segura
- BioForA, INRAE, ONF, UMR 0588, Orléans, 45075, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1334, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | | | - Christoph Grunau
- UMR 5244, IHPE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, 66100, France
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA- Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA- Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Franck Brignolas
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
| | - Marie Mirouze
- IRD, UMR 232 DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France
- Laboratory of Plant Genome and Development, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, 66860, France
| | - Stéphane Maury
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orléans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
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Li C, Li K, Liu X, Ruan H, Zheng M, Yu Z, Gai J, Yang S. Transcription Factor GmWRKY46 Enhanced Phosphate Starvation Tolerance and Root Development in Transgenic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700651. [PMID: 34594347 PMCID: PMC8477037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients, whose deficiency limits the growth and development of plants. In this study, we investigated the possible role of GmWRKY46 in the phosphate (Pi) starvation stress tolerance of soybean. GmWRKY46 belonged to the group III subfamily of the WRKY transcription factor family, which was localized in the nucleus and had transcriptional activator activity. GmWRKY46 could be strongly induced by Pi starvation, especially in soybean roots. Overexpression of GmWRKY46 significantly enhanced tolerance to Pi starvation and lateral root development in transgenic Arabidopsis. RNA-seq analysis showed that overexpression of GmWRKY46 led to change in many genes related to energy metabolisms, stress responses, and plant hormone signal transduction in transgenic Arabidopsis. Among these differential expression genes, we found that overexpression of AtAED1 alone could enhance the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to Pi starvation. Y1H and ChIP-qPCR analyses showed that GmWRKY46 could directly bind to the W-box motif of the AtAED1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, results from intact soybean composite plants with GmWRKY46 overexpression showed that GmWRKY46 was involved in hairy roots development and subsequently affected plant growth and Pi uptake. These results provide a basis for the molecular genetic breeding of soybean tolerant to Pi starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ruan
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Hussain Q, Asim M, Zhang R, Khan R, Farooq S, Wu J. Transcription Factors Interact with ABA through Gene Expression and Signaling Pathways to Mitigate Drought and Salinity Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1159. [PMID: 34439825 PMCID: PMC8393639 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among abiotic stressors, drought and salinity seriously affect crop growth worldwide. In plants, research has aimed to increase stress-responsive protein synthesis upstream or downstream of the various transcription factors (TFs) that alleviate drought and salinity stress. TFs play diverse roles in controlling gene expression in plants, which is necessary to regulate biological processes, such as development and environmental stress responses. In general, plant responses to different stress conditions may be either abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent or ABA-independent. A detailed understanding of how TF pathways and ABA interact to cause stress responses is essential to improve tolerance to drought and salinity stress. Despite previous progress, more active approaches based on TFs are the current focus. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the recent advancements in complex cascades of gene expression during drought and salinity responses, especially identifying the specificity and crosstalk in ABA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. This review also highlights the transcriptional regulation of gene expression governed by various key TF pathways, including AP2/ERF, bHLH, bZIP, DREB, GATA, HD-Zip, Homeo-box, MADS-box, MYB, NAC, Tri-helix, WHIRLY, WOX, WRKY, YABBY, and zinc finger, operating in ABA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266101, China; (M.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266101, China; (M.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Saqib Farooq
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
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Wei X, Zhou H, Xie D, Li J, Yang M, Chang T, Wang D, Hu L, Xie G, Wang J, Wang L. Genome-Wide Association Study in Rice Revealed a Novel Gene in Determining Plant Height and Stem Development, by Encoding a WRKY Transcription Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158192. [PMID: 34360958 PMCID: PMC8347446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-dwarfism is a main agronomic trait in crop breeding. In this study, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) and identified a new quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) for rice shoot length. The peak QTN (C/T) was located in the first coding region of a group III WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY21 (LOC_Os01g60640). Interestingly, further haplotype analysis showed that C/T difference only existed in the indica group but not in the japonica group, resulting in significant differences in plant height among the different indica rice varieties. OsWRKY21 was expressed in embryo, radicle, shoots, leaves, and stems. Most notably, overexpressing OsWRKY21 resulted in the semi-dwarf phenotype, early heading date and short internodes compared to the wild type, while the knockout mutant plants by CRISPR/Cas9 technology yielded the opposite. The overexpressing lines exhibited the decreased length of the cells near sclerenchyma epidermis, accompanied with the lower levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3), but increased levels of the abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the internodes at heading stage. Moreover, the semi-dwarf phenotype could be fully rescued by exogenous GA3 application at seedling stage. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the differential expression levels of genes in development and the stress responses in rice, including GA metabolism (GA20ox2, GA2ox6, and YABY1) and cell wall biosynthesis (CesA4, 7, and 9) and regulation (MYB103L). These data suggest the essential role of OsWRKY21 in regulation of internode elongation and plant height in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Hailian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Deying Xie
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Mingchong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Tianli Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Dongxin Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (D.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Lihua Hu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (D.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Guosheng Xie
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China;
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Lv K, Wu W, Wei H, Liu G. A systems biology approach identifies a regulator, BplERF1, of cold tolerance in Betula platyphylla. FORESTRY RESEARCH 2021; 1:11. [PMID: 39524503 PMCID: PMC11524244 DOI: 10.48130/fr-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Cold is an abiotic stress that can greatly affect the growth and survival of plants. Here, we reported that an AP2/ERF family gene, BplERF1, isolated from Betula platyphylla played a contributing role in cold stress tolerance. Overexpression of BplERF1 in B. platyphylla transgenic lines enhanced cold stress tolerance by increasing the scavenging capability and reducing H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in transgenic plants. Construction of BplERF-mediated multilayered hierarchical gene regulatory network (ML-hGRN), using Top-down GGM algorithm and the transcriptomic data of BplERF1 overexpression lines, led to the identification of five candidate target genes of BplERF1 which include MPK20, ERF9, WRKY53, WRKY70, and GIA1. All of them were then verified to be the true target genes of BplERF1 by chromatin-immunoprecipitation PCR (ChIP-PCR) assay. Our results indicate that BplERF1 is a positive regulator of cold tolerance and is capable of exerting regulation on the expression of cold signaling and regulatory genes, causing mitigation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Deciphering the transcriptomic regulation of heat stress responses in Nothofagus pumilio. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246615. [PMID: 33784314 PMCID: PMC8009359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to exert negative impacts on plant growth due to the damaging effect of high temperatures on plant physiology. Revealing the genetic architecture underlying the heat stress response is therefore crucial for the development of conservation strategies, and for breeding heat-resistant plant genotypes. Here we investigated the transcriptional changes induced by heat in Nothofagus pumilio, an emblematic tree species of the sub-Antarctic forests of South America. Through the performance of RNA-seq of leaves of plants exposed to 20°C (control) or 34°C (heat shock), we generated the first transcriptomic resource for the species. We also studied the changes in protein-coding transcripts expression in response to heat. We found 5,214 contigs differentially expressed between temperatures. The heat treatment resulted in a down-regulation of genes related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, whereas secondary metabolism, protein re-folding and response to stress were up-regulated. Moreover, several transcription factor families like WRKY or ERF were promoted by heat, alongside spliceosome machinery and hormone signaling pathways. Through a comparative analysis of gene regulation in response to heat in Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus tomentosa and N. pumilio we provide evidence of the existence of shared molecular features of heat stress responses across angiosperms, and identify genes of potential biotechnological application.
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Qu R, Cao Y, Tang X, Sun L, Wei L, Wang K. Identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family in Isatis indigotica. Gene 2021; 783:145561. [PMID: 33705810 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The WRKY proteins, which represent one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants, play pivotal roles in regulating multiple processes of growth and development, particularly in diverse stress responses. Isatis indigotica is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is famous for its use as a dye for the color indigo. However, reports of the WRKY gene family in I. indigotica are limited. In this study, 64 IiWRKY genes encoding proteins with the complete WRKY domain were identified from genome of I. indigotica. Based on their structure and phylogenetic relationships of this gene family in I. indigotica, the IiWRKY genes were classified into three groups: Group I (n = 13), Group II (n = 35) and Group III (n = 16). Sequence alignment revealed that IiWRKY proteins harbored two variants, WRKYRQK and WRKYGKK, of the highly conserved WRKYGQK motif. The number of exons in IiWRKY genes varied from two to 14, with most of IiWRKY genes containing three exons. Investigation of gene duplication demonstrated that 10 and 14 IiWRKY genes were incorporated in tandem and segmental duplication events, respectively. Finally, the expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed distinct expression patterns of these IiWRKY gene in five different organs or in response to four abiotic stresses. Taken together, our results will contribute to functional analysis of IiWRKY genes, and also provide a basis for further clarification of the molecular mechanism of stress responses in this important herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yiwen Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Liqiong Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lian Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Kangcai Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Liang J, Sun J, Ye Y, Yan X, Yan T, Rao Y, Zhou H, Le M. QTL mapping of PEG-induced drought tolerance at the early seedling stage in sesame using whole genome re-sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247681. [PMID: 33626101 PMCID: PMC7904189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement in sesame drought tolerance at seedling stage is important for yield stability. Genetic approaches combing with conventional breeding is the most effective way to develop drought-tolerant cultivars. In this study, three traits and their relative values, including seedling weight (SW), shoot length (SL) and root length (RL), were evaluated under control and osmotic conditions in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from cross of Zhushanbai and Jinhuangma. Significant variation and high broad sense heritability were observed for all traits except SW under stress condition in the population. With this population, a high-density linkage map with 1354 bin markers was constructed through whole genome re-sequencing (WGS) strategy. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was performed for all the traits. A total of 34 QTLs were detected on 10 chromosomes. Among them, 13 stable QTLs were revealed in two independent experiments, eight of them were associated with traits under water stress condition. One region on chromosome 12 related to RL under osmotic condition and relative RL had the highest LOD value and explained the largest phenotypic variation among all the QTLs detected under water stress condition. These findings will provide new genetic resources for molecular improvement of drought tolerance and candidate gene identification in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Liang
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail: (JS); (ML)
| | - Yanying Ye
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingxian Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueliang Rao
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
| | - Meiwang Le
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology, Nanchang, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail: (JS); (ML)
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González-Morales S, Solís-Gaona S, Valdés-Caballero MV, Juárez-Maldonado A, Loredo-Treviño A, Benavides-Mendoza A. Transcriptomics of Biostimulation of Plants Under Abiotic Stress. Front Genet 2021; 12:583888. [PMID: 33613631 PMCID: PMC7888440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.583888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are compounds, living microorganisms, or their constituent parts that alter plant development programs. The impact of biostimulants is manifested in several ways: via morphological, physiological, biochemical, epigenomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes. For each of these, a response and alteration occur, and these alterations in turn improve metabolic and adaptive performance in the environment. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of different biotic and abiotic stimulants on plants, including many crop species. However, as far as we know, there are no reviews available that describe the impact of biostimulants for a specific field such as transcriptomics, which is the objective of this review. For the commercial registration process of products for agricultural use, it is necessary to distinguish the specific impact of biostimulants from that of other legal categories of products used in agriculture, such as fertilizers and plant hormones. For the chemical or biological classification of biostimulants, the classification is seen as a complex issue, given the great diversity of compounds and organisms that cause biostimulation. However, with an approach focused on the impact on a particular field such as transcriptomics, it is perhaps possible to obtain a criterion that allows biostimulants to be grouped considering their effects on living systems, as well as the overlap of the impact on metabolism, physiology, and morphology occurring between fertilizers, hormones, and biostimulants.
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wei F, Song T, Yu Y, Yu M, Fan Q, Yang Y, Xue G, Zhang X. Nucleoredoxin Gene TaNRX1 Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756338. [PMID: 34868149 PMCID: PMC8632643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the main abiotic stress factor limiting the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Therefore, improving wheat tolerance to drought stress is essential for maintaining yield. Previous studies have reported on the important role of TaNRX1 in conferring drought stress tolerance. Therefore, to elucidate the regulation mechanism by which TaNRX1 confers drought resistance in wheat, we generated TaNRX1 overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) wheat lines. The results showed that the tolerance of the OE lines to drought stress were significantly enhanced. The survival rate, leaf chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar content, and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) of the OE lines were higher than those of the wild type (WT); however, the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion levels of the OE lines were lower than those of the WT; the RNAi lines showed the opposite results. RNA-seq results showed that the common differentially expressed genes of TaNRX1 OE and RNAi lines, before and after drought stress, were mainly distributed in the plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbon metabolism pathways and were related to the transcription factors, including WRKY, MYB, and bHLH families. This study suggests that TaNRX1 positively regulates drought stress tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fan Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiru Fan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Xue,
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Xiaoke Zhang,
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Transcriptome-Wide Identification of WRKY Transcription Factors and Their Expression Profiles under Different Types of Biological and Abiotic Stress in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111386. [PMID: 33238446 PMCID: PMC7700256 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana Lamb, an economically important conifer tree, is widely distributed in China. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, biological and abiotic stress. Nevertheless, there is little information about the WRKY genes in P. massoniana. By searching for conserved WRKY motifs in transcriptomic RNA sequencing data for P. massoniana, 31 sequences were identified as WRKY TFs. Then, phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses of the WRKY family in P. massoniana, Pinus taeda and Arabidopsis thaliana were used to classify WRKY genes. The expression patterns of six PmWRKY genes from different groups were determined using real-time quantitative PCR for 2-year-old P. massoniana seedings grown in their natural environment and challenged by phytohormones (salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon), abiotic stress (H2O2) and mechanical damage stress. As a result, the 31 PmWRKY genes identified were divided into three major groups and several subgroups based on structural and phylogenetic features. PmWRKY genes are regulated in response to abiotic stress and phytohormone treatment and may participate in signaling to improve plant stress resistance. Some PmWRKY genes behaved as predicted based on their homology with A. thaliana WRKY genes, but others showed divergent behavior. This systematic analysis lays the foundation for further identification of WRKY gene functions to aid further exploration of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of PmWRKY genes in biological and abiotic stress in P. massoniana.
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Function and Mechanism of WRKY Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses of Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111515. [PMID: 33171689 PMCID: PMC7695288 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The WRKY gene family is a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) group, playing important roles in many different response pathways of diverse abiotic stresses (drought, saline, alkali, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation, and so forth). In recent years, many studies have explored the role and mechanism of WRKY family members from model plants to agricultural crops and other species. Abiotic stress adversely affects the growth and development of plants. Thus, a review of WRKY with stress responses is important to increase our understanding of abiotic stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the structural characteristics and regulatory mechanism of WRKY transcription factors and their responses to abiotic stress. We also discuss current issues and future perspectives of WRKY transcription factor research.
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Lan J, Lin Q, Zhou C, Ren Y, Liu X, Miao R, Jing R, Mou C, Nguyen T, Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Guo X, Liu S, Jiang L, Wan J. Small grain and semi-dwarf 3, a WRKY transcription factor, negatively regulates plant height and grain size by stabilizing SLR1 expression in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:429-450. [PMID: 32808190 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OsWRKY36 represses plant height and grain size by inhibiting gibberellin signaling. Plant height and grain size are important agronomic traits affecting yield in cereals, including rice. Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that promote plant growth and developmental processions such as stem elongation and grain size. WRKYs are transcription factors that regulate stress tolerance and plant development including height and grain size. However, the relationship between GA signaling and WRKY genes is still poorly understood. Here, we characterized a small grain and semi-dwarf 3 (sgsd3) mutant in rice cv. Hwayoung (WT). A T-DNA insertion in the 5'-UTR of OsWRKY36 induced overexpression of OsWRKY36 in the sgsd3 mutant, likely leading to the mutant phenotype. This was confirmed by the finding that overexpression of OsWRKY36 caused a similar small grain and semi-dwarf phenotype to the sgsd3 mutant whereas knock down and knock out caused larger grain phenotypes. The sgsd3 mutant was also hyposensitive to GA and accumulated higher mRNA and protein levels of SLR1 (a GA signaling DELLA-like inhibitor) compared with the WT. Further assays showed that OsWRKY36 enhanced SLR1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. In addition, we found that OsWRKY36 can protect SLR1 from GA-mediated degradation. We thus identified a new GA signaling repressor OsWRKY36 that represses GA signaling through stabilizing the expression of SLR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yakun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changling Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Thanhliem Nguyen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Quynhon University, Quynhon, Binhdinh, 590000, Vietnam
| | - Xingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Pang Q, Zhang T, Zhang A, Lin C, Kong W, Chen S. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed molecular networks of stomatal immune responses. PLANTA 2020; 252:66. [PMID: 32979085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic protein and phosphoprotein profiles uncovered the overall regulation of stomata movement against pathogen invasion and phosphorylation states of proteins involved in ABA, SA, calcium and ROS signaling, which may modulate the stomatal immune response. Stomatal openings represent a major route of pathogen entry into the plant, and plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate stomatal aperture as innate immune response against bacterial invasion. However, the mechanisms underlying stomatal immunity are not fully understood. Taking advantage of high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we performed label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of enriched guard cells in response to a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. In total, 495 proteins and 1229 phosphoproteins were identified as differentially regulated. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including abscisic acid and salicylic acid hormone signaling, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. We also showed that dynamic changes of phosphoprotein WRKY transcription factors may play a crucial role in regulating stomata movement in plant immunity. The identified proteins/phosphoproteins and the pathways form interactive molecular networks to regulate stomatal immunity. This study has provided new insights into the multifaceted mechanisms of stomatal immunity. The differential proteins and phosphoproteins are potential targets for engineering or breeding of crops for enhanced pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuwei Lin
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Zhang Q, Chen G, Huang J, Peng C. Comparison of the Ability to Control Water Loss in the Detached Leaves of Wedelia trilobata, Wedelia chinensis, and Their Hybrid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091227. [PMID: 32961869 PMCID: PMC7570294 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the process of biological invasion, hybridization between invasive species and native species is very common, which may lead to the formation of hybrids with a stronger adaptability. The hybrid of Wedelia trilobata (an alien invasive species) and Wedelia chinensis (an indigenous congener) has been found in South China. In our previous study, we found that the hybrid showed heterosis under cadmium stress. However, the results of this experiment demonstrated that the leaves of the hybrid had no heterosis in controlling water loss. The results showed that the water loss rate of W. trilobata was the slowest, that of W. chinensis was the fastest, and that of the hybrid was in the middle. Compared with W. chinensis and the hybrid, W. trilobata accumulated more abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves to control water loss. After the leaves were detached, W. chinensis leaves suffered the most serious damage, the lowest maximum photochemical efficiency, the most serious membrane lipid peroxidation, and the largest accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Compared with W. chinensis and its hybrid, the leaves of W. trilobata could accumulate more antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants, and the total antioxidant capacity was the strongest. The results demonstrate that the ability of the hybrid to reduce water loss was lower than that of W. trilobata, but higher than that of W. chinensis. They showed that the drought resistance of the hybrid may be higher than that of W. chinensis, and it might threaten the survival of W. chinensis.
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Stock J, Bräutigam A, Melzer M, Bienert GP, Bunk B, Nagel M, Overmann J, Keller ERJ, Mock HP. The transcription factor WRKY22 is required during cryo-stress acclimation in Arabidopsis shoot tips. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4993-5009. [PMID: 32710609 PMCID: PMC7475261 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Storage of meristematic tissue at ultra-low temperatures offers a mean to maintain valuable genetic resources from vegetatively reproduced plants. To reveal the biology underlying cryo-stress, shoot tips of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected to a standard preservation procedure. A transcriptomic approach was taken to describe the subsequent cellular events which occurred. The cryoprotectant treatment induced the changes in the transcript levels of genes associated with RNA processing and primary metabolism. Explants of a mutant lacking a functional copy of the transcription factor WRKY22 were compromised for recovery. A number of putative downstream targets of WRKY22 were identified, some related to phytohormone-mediated defense, to the osmotic stress response, and to development. There were also alterations in the abundance of transcript produced by genes encoding photosynthesis-related proteins. The wrky22 mutant plants developed an open stomata phenotype in response to their exposure to the cryoprotectant solution. WRKY22 probably regulates a transcriptional network during cryo-stress, linking the explant's defense and osmotic stress responses to changes in its primary metabolism. A model is proposed linking WRKY53 and WRKY70 downstream of the action of WRKY22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Stock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- Microbiology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E R Joachim Keller
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
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46
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Zhao N, He M, Li L, Cui S, Hou M, Wang L, Mu G, Liu L, Yang X. Identification and expression analysis of WRKY gene family under drought stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231396. [PMID: 32271855 PMCID: PMC7144997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play crucial roles in regulation mechanism leading to the adaption of plants to the complex environment. In this study, AhWRKY family was comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatic approaches in combination with transcriptome sequencing data of the drought-tolerant peanut variety ‘L422’. A total of 158 AhWRKY genes were identified and named according to their distribution on the chromosomes. Based on the structural features and phylogenetic analysis of AhWRKY proteins, the AhWRKY family members were classified into three (3) groups, of which group II included five (5) subgroups. Results of structure and conserved motifs analysis for the AhWRKY genes confirmed the accuracy of the clustering analysis. In addition, 12 tandem and 136 segmental duplication genes were identified. The results indicated that segmental duplication events were the main driving force in the evolution of AhWRKY family. Collinearity analysis found that 32 gene pairs existed between Arachis hypogaea and two diploid wild ancestors (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis), which provided valuable clues for phylogenetic characteristics of AhWRKY family. Furthermore, 19 stress-related cis-acting elements were found in the promoter regions. During the study of gene expression level of AhWRKY family members in response to drought stress, 73 differentially expressed AhWRKY genes were obtained to have been influenced by drought stress. These results provide fundamental insights for further study of WRKY genes in peanut drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Meijing He
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shunli Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mingyu Hou
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Guojun Mu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (XY)
| | - Xinlei Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (XY)
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Zheng Y, Ge J, Bao C, Chang W, Liu J, Shao J, Liu X, Su L, Pan L, Zhou DX. Histone Deacetylase HDA9 and WRKY53 Transcription Factor Are Mutual Antagonists in Regulation of Plant Stress Response. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:598-611. [PMID: 31891777 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is important for plant adaptation to environmental changes. Previous results showed that Arabidopsis RPD3-like histone deacetylase HDA9 is known to function in repressing plant response to stress in Arabidopsis. However, how HDA9 targets to specific chromatin loci and controls gene expression networks involved in plant response to stress remains largely unclear. Here, we show that HDA9 represses stress tolerance response by interacting with and regulating the DNA binding and transcriptional activity of WRKY53, which functions as a high-hierarchy positive regulator of stress response. We found that WRKY53 is post-translationally modified by lysine acetylation at multiple sites, some of which are removed by HDA9, resulting in inhibition of WRKY53 transcription activity. Conversely, WRKY53 negatively regulates HDA9 histone deacetylase activity. Collectively, our results indicate that HDA9 and WRK53 are reciprocal negative regulators of each other's activities, illustrating how the functional interplay between a chromatin regulator and a transcription factor regulates stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Jingyu Ge
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chun Bao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wenwen Chang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jingjie Shao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lufang Su
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Legume Plants, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.
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48
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Yang Z, Chi X, Guo F, Jin X, Luo H, Hawar A, Chen Y, Feng K, Wang B, Qi J, Yang Y, Sun B. SbWRKY30 enhances the drought tolerance of plants and regulates a drought stress-responsive gene, SbRD19, in sorghum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153142. [PMID: 33383401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been suggested to play important roles in response and adaptation to drought stress. However, how sorghum WRKY transcription factors function in drought stress is still unclear. Here, we identify a WRKY transcription factor of sorghum, SbWRKY30, which is induced significantly by drought stress. SbWRKY30 is mainly expressed in sorghum taproot and leaf. SbWRKY30 has transcriptional activation activity and functions in the nucleus. Heterologous expression of SbWRKY30 confers tolerance to drought stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice by affecting root architecture. In addition, SbWRKY30 transgenic Arabidopsis and rice plants have higher proline contents and SOD, POD, and CAT activities but lower MDA contents than wild-type plants after drought stress. As a homologous gene of the drought stress-responsive gene RD19 of Arabidopsis, SbRD19 overexpression in Arabidopsis improved the drought tolerance of plants relative to wild-type plants. Further analysis demonstrated that SbWRKY30 could induce SbRD19 expression through binding to the W-box element in the promoter of SbRD19. These results suggest that SbWRKY30 functions as a positive regulator in response to drought stress. Therefore, SbWRKY30 may serve as a promising candidate gene for molecular breeding to generate drought-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Fengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xueying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huilian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Amangul Hawar
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Kangkang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Docimo T, De Stefano R, De Palma M, Cappetta E, Villano C, Aversano R, Tucci M. Transcriptional, metabolic and DNA methylation changes underpinning the response of Arundo donax ecotypes to NaCl excess. PLANTA 2019; 251:34. [PMID: 31848729 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax ecotypes react differently to salinity, partly due to differences in constitutive defences and methylome plasticity. Arundo donax L. is a C3 fast-growing grass that yields high biomass under stress. To elucidate its ability to produce biomass under high salinity, we investigated short/long-term NaCl responses of three ecotypes through transcriptional, metabolic and DNA methylation profiling of leaves and roots. Prolonged salt treatment discriminated the sensitive ecotype 'Cercola' from the tolerant 'Domitiana' and 'Canneto' in terms of biomass. Transcriptional and metabolic responses to NaCl differed between the ecotypes. In roots, constitutive expression of ion transporter and stress-related transcription factors' genes was higher in 'Canneto' and 'Domitiana' than 'Cercola' and 21-day NaCl drove strong up-regulation in all ecotypes. In leaves, unstressed 'Domitiana' confirmed higher expression of the above genes, whose transcription was repressed in 'Domitiana' but induced in 'Cercola' following NaCl treatment. In all ecotypes, salinity increased proline, ABA and leaf antioxidants, paralleled by up-regulation of antioxidant genes in 'Canneto' and 'Cercola' but not in 'Domitiana', which tolerated a higher level of oxidative damage. Changes in DNA methylation patterns highlighted a marked capacity of the tolerant 'Domitiana' ecotype to adjust DNA methylation to salt stress. The reduced salt sensitivity of 'Domitiana' and, to a lesser extent, 'Canneto' appears to rely on a complex set of constitutively activated defences, possibly due to the environmental conditions of the site of origin, and on higher plasticity of the methylome. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of adaptability of A. donax ecotypes to salinity, offering new perspectives for the improvement of this species for cultivation in limiting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosalba De Stefano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappetta
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy.
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Li Y, Zhang L, Zhu P, Cao Q, Sun J, Li Z, Xu T. Genome-wide identification, characterisation and functional evaluation of WRKY genes in the sweet potato wild ancestor Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. under abiotic stresses. BMC Genet 2019; 20:90. [PMID: 31795942 PMCID: PMC6889533 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY DNA-binding protein (WRKY) is a large gene family involved in plant responses and adaptation to salt, drought, cold and heat stresses. Sweet potato from the genus Ipomoea is a staple food crop, but the WRKY genes in Ipomoea species remain unknown to date. Hence, we carried out a genome-wide analysis of WRKYs in Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don., the wild ancestor of sweet potato. RESULTS A total of 83 WRKY genes encoding 96 proteins were identified in I. trifida, and their gene distribution, duplication, structure, phylogeny and expression patterns were studied. ItfWRKYs were distributed on 15 chromosomes of I. trifida. Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication played an important role in the WRKY gene family expansion in I. trifida. Gene structure analysis showed that the intron-exon model of the ItfWRKY gene was highly conserved. Meanwhile, the ItfWRKYs were divided into five groups (I, IIa + IIb, IIc, IId + IIe and III) on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis on I. trifida and Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY proteins. In addition, gene expression profiles confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that ItfWRKYs were highly up-regulated or down-regulated under salt, drought, cold and heat stress conditions, implying that these genes play important roles in response and adaptation to abiotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, genome-wide identification, gene structure, phylogeny and expression analysis of WRKY gene in I. trifida provide basic information for further functional studies of ItfWRKYs and for the molecular breeding of sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Li
- Key lab of phylogeny and comparative genomics of the Jiangsu province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key lab of phylogeny and comparative genomics of the Jiangsu province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sweet Potato Research Institute, CAAS, Xuzhou, 221121, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key lab of phylogeny and comparative genomics of the Jiangsu province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Key lab of phylogeny and comparative genomics of the Jiangsu province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Key lab of phylogeny and comparative genomics of the Jiangsu province, Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
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