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Liu Z, Yan J, Wang D, Ahmad P, Qin M, Li R, Ali B, Sonah H, Deshmukh R, Yadav KK, El-Sheikh MA, Zhang L, Liu P. Silicon improves salt resistance by enhancing ABA biosynthesis and aquaporin expression in Nicotiana tabacum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108977. [PMID: 39084167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) can significantly improve the salt tolerance of plants, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, role of abscisic acid (ABA) in Si derived salt resistance in tobacco seedling was investigated. Under salt stress, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of tobacco seedlings were reduced by 86.17%, 80.63%, and 67.54% respectively, resulting in a decrease in biomass. The application of Si found to mitigate these stress-induced markers. However, positive role of Si was mainly attributed to the enhanced expression of aquaporin genes, which helped in enhancing root hydraulic conductance (Lpr) and ultimately maintaining the leaf relative water content (RWC). Moreover, sodium tungstate, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, was used to test the role of ABA on Si-regulating Lpr. The results indicated that the improvement of Lpr by Si was diminished in the presence of ABA inhibitor. In addition, it was observed that the ABA content was increased due to the Si-upregulated of ABA biosynthesis genes, namely NtNCED1 and NtNCED5. Conversely, the expression of ABA metabolism gene NtCYP7O7A was found to be reduced by Si. Together, this study suggested that Si increased ABA content, leading to enhanced efficiency of water uptake by the roots, ultimately facilitating an adequate water supply to maintain leaf water balance. As a result, there was an improvement in salt resistance in tobacco seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Jiyuan Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama,192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mengzhan Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Runze Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong province, China.
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Moradi S, Zamani Z, Fatahi R, Saba MK, Paliaga S, Laudicina VA, Inglese P, Liguori G. Fruit quality, antioxidant, and mineral attributes of pomegranate cv. Ghojagh, influenced by shading and spray applications of potassium sulfate and sodium silicate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14831. [PMID: 38937529 PMCID: PMC11211349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit quality depends on many traits including visual, biochemical and mineral characteristics. One of the negative traits is aril whitening (AW) which is a frequently observed disorder in hot and dry climates, that leads to decline in desirable fruit quality. Color, antioxidant, and mineral contents of the arils are of prime importance as quality traits. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of shading and foliar minerals on fruit quality during the fruit development stages of pomegranate. Treatments included shaded (50% green net) and unshaded trees and foliar application of trees with potassium sulfate (K, 1% and 2%) or sodium silicate (Si, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%) during two growing seasons. Results showed that the severity of AW at harvest decreased significantly when trees were covered with shading compared to control. The color values of L* and ⁰hue for arils were lower in fruits grown under shading conditions indicating darker red arils. Shading significantly reduced chilling injury in cold storage compared to open field fruits. Shading and Si 0.15% increased superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes activity while decreased Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Covering trees with shading and Si 0.15% spray resulted in the highest total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics content in the arils. Shading as well as Si 0.15% increased macronutrients content of the arils. The study concluded that covering pomegranate trees and spraying with Si in hot climate reduced AW, increased antioxidant traits, and led to higher fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moradi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Zamani
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Reza Fatahi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Koushesh Saba
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Sara Paliaga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Edificio 4, Ingresso H, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Edificio 4, Ingresso H, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Edificio 4, Ingresso H, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Liguori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Edificio 4, Ingresso H, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Bounaouara F, Hidri R, Falouti M, Rabhi M, Abdelly C, Zorrig W, Slama I. Silicon mitigates salinity effects on sorghum-sudangrass ( Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) by enhancing growth and photosynthetic efficiency. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24029. [PMID: 38902905 DOI: 10.1071/fp24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether silicon (Si) supply was able to alleviate the harmful effects caused by salinity stress on sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum sudanense ), a species of grass raised for forage and grain. Plants were grown in the presence or absence of 150mM NaCl, supplemented or not with Si (0.5mM Si). Biomass production, water and mineral status, photosynthetic pigment contents, and gas exchange parameters were investigated. Special focus was accorded to evaluating the PSI and PSII. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth and tissue hydration, and led to a significant decrease in all other studied parameters. Si supply enhanced whole plant biomass production by 50%, improved water status, decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation, and even restored chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoid contents. Interestingly, both photosystem activities (PSI and PSII) were enhanced with Si addition. However, a more pronounced enhancement was noted in PSI compared with PSII, with a greater oxidation state upon Si supply. Our findings confirm that Si mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on sorghum-sudangrass throughout adverse approaches. Application of Si in sorghum appears to be an efficient key solution for managing salt-damaging effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bounaouara
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Rabaa Hidri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Falouti
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mokded Rabhi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; and Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Inès Slama
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
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Saja-Garbarz D, Libik-Konieczny M, Janowiak F. Silicon improves root functioning and water management as well as alleviates oxidative stress in oilseed rape under drought conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1359747. [PMID: 38450404 PMCID: PMC10915341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1359747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of our study was to examine how silicon regulates water uptake by oilseed rape roots under drought conditions and which components of the antioxidant system take part in alleviating stress-induced ROS generation in the roots. Methods The study analyzed mainly the changes in the roots and also some changes in the leaves of oilseed rape plants, including total silicon content, relative water content, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, abscisic acid level, the accumulation of BnPIP1, BnPIP2-1-7 and BnTIP1 aquaporins, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Results and discussion It was shown that plants growing in well-watered conditions and supplemented with silicon accumulate smaller amounts of this element in the roots and also have higher relative water content in the leaves compared to the control plants. It was demonstrated for the first time that BnTIP1 accumulation in oilseed rape roots is reduced under drought compared to wellwatered plants, and that this effect is intensified in plants supplemented with silicon. In addition, it was shown that silicon supplementation of oilseed rape increases catalase activity in the roots, which correlates with their high metabolic activity under drought and ultimately stimulates their growth. It was shown that silicon improves water balance in oilseed rape plants subjected to drought stress, and that an important role in these processes is played by tonoplast aquaporins. In addition, it was demonstrated that silicon reduces oxidative stress in roots under drought conditions by increasing the activity of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saja-Garbarz
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Silicon Action in Salt Stress Amelioration. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:525. [PMID: 38498577 PMCID: PMC10893008 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common abiotic stress factors affecting different biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibiting plant growth, and greatly reducing productivity. During the last decade, silicon (Si) supplementation was intensively studied and now is proposed as one of the most convincing methods to improve plant tolerance to salt stress. In this review, we discuss recent papers investigating the role of Si in modulating molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes that are negatively affected by high salinity. Although multiple reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Si application in mitigating salt stress, the exact molecular mechanism underlying these effects is not yet well understood. In this review, we focus on the localisation of Si transporters and the mechanism of Si uptake, accumulation, and deposition to understand the role of Si in various relevant physiological processes. Further, we discuss the role of Si supplementation in antioxidant response, maintenance of photosynthesis efficiency, and production of osmoprotectants. Additionally, we highlight crosstalk of Si with other ions, lignin, and phytohormones. Finally, we suggest some directions for future work, which could improve our understanding of the role of Si in plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidi-Vyshneveckogo Str. 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Gonzalez-Porras CV, Teixeira GCM, Prado RDM, Ferreira PM, Palaretti LF, Oliveira KS. Silicon via fertigation with and without potassium application, improve physiological aspects of common beans cultivated under three water regimes in field. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2051. [PMID: 38267535 PMCID: PMC10808205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent droughts have led to an expansion of irrigated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation areas. An effective strategy to enhance water use efficiency and optimize crop growth is the application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K). However, the interaction between Si dosage, water regimes, and plant potassium status, as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms, remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of Si doses applied via fertigation under various water regimes, in the presence and absence of potassium fertilization, on gas exchange, water use efficiency, and growth of Common beans in field conditions. Two experiments were conducted, one with and one without K supply, considering that the potassium content in the soil was 6.4 mmolc dm-3 in both experiments and a replacement dose of 50 kg ha was applied in the with K treatment, with the same treatments evaluated in both potassium conditions. The treatments comprised a 3 × 4 factorial design, encompassing three water regimes: 80% (no deficit), 60% (moderate water deficit), and 40% (severe water deficit) of soil water retention capacity, and four doses of Si supplied via fertigation: 0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha-1. Where it was evaluated, content of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence of photosynthesis, relative water content, leaf water potential and electrolyte extravasation, dry mass of leaves, stems and total. The optimal doses of Si for fertigation application, leading to increased Si absorption in plants, varied with decreasing soil water content. The respective values were 6.6, 7.0, and 7.1 kg ha-1 for the water regimes without deficit, with moderate water deficit, and with severe water deficit. Fertigation application of Si improved plant performance, particularly under severe water deficit, regardless of potassium status. This improvement was evident in relative water content, leaf water potential, and membrane resistance, directly impacting pigment content and gas exchange rates. The physiological effects resulted in enhanced photosynthesis in water-deficient plants, mitigating dry mass production losses. This research demonstrates, for the first time in common bean, the potential of Si to enhance irrigation efficiency in areas limited by low precipitation and water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Messias Ferreira
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fabiano Palaretti
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Silva Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang L, Jin N, Xie Y, Zhu W, Yang Y, Wang J, Lei Y, Liu W, Wang S, Jin L, Yu J, Lyu J. Improvements in the Appearance and Nutritional Quality of Tomato Fruits Resulting from Foliar Spraying with Silicon. Foods 2024; 13:223. [PMID: 38254524 PMCID: PMC10814949 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on silicon (Si), an element considered beneficial for plant growth, has focused on abiotic and biotic stress mitigation. However, the effect of Si on tomato fruit quality under normal growth conditions remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of applying different levels of Si (0 mmol·L-1 [CK], 0.6 mmol·L-1 [T1], 1.2 mmol·L-1 [T2], and 1.8 mmol·L-1 [T3]) in foliar sprays on tomato fruit quality cultivated in substrates, and the most beneficial Si level was found. Compared to CK, exogenous Si treatments had a positive influence on the appearance and nutritional quality of tomato fruits at the mature green, breaker, and red ripening stages. Of these, T2 treatment significantly increased peel firmness and single-fruit weight in tomato fruits. The contents of soluble sugars, soluble solids, soluble proteins, and vitamin C were significantly higher, and the nitrate content was significantly lower in the T2 treatment than in the CK treatment. Cluster analysis showed that T2 produced results that were significantly different from those of the CK, T1, and T3 treatments. During the red ripening stage, the a* values of fruits in the T2 treatment tomato were significantly higher than those in the other three treatments. Moreover, the lycopene and lutein contents of the T2 treatment increased by 12.90% and 17.14%, respectively, compared to CK. T2 treatment significantly upregulated the relative gene expression levels of the phytoene desaturase gene (PDS), the lycopene ε-cyclase gene (LCY-E), and the zeaxanthin cyclooxygenase gene (ZEP) in the carotenoid key genes. The total amino acid content in tomato fruits in the T2 treatment was also significantly higher than that of CK. In summary, foliar spraying of 1.2 mmol·L-1 exogenous Si was effective in improving the appearance and nutritional quality of tomato fruits under normal growth conditions. This study provides new approaches to further elucidate the application of exogenous silicon to improve tomato fruit quality under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yandong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiaying Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yongzhong Lei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wenkai Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.W.); (N.J.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (W.L.); (J.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (L.J.)
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Ambros E, Kotsupiy O, Karpova E, Panova U, Chernonosov A, Trofimova E, Goldenberg B. A Biostimulant Based on Silicon Chelates Enhances Growth and Modulates Physiological Responses of In-Vitro-Derived Strawberry Plants to In Vivo Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4193. [PMID: 38140519 PMCID: PMC10748094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to assess the effects of a biostimulant based on silicon chelates in terms of alleviation of the impact of in vivo conditions on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. 'Solnechnaya polyanka') in-vitro-derived plants. As a source of silicon chelates, a mechanocomposite (MC) obtained through mechanochemical processing of rice husks and green tea was used. Root treatment of plants with 0.3 g L-1 of MC dissolved in tap water was performed at 2 weeks after planting. Control plants were watered with tap water. The greatest shoot height, number of roots per plant, root length, number of stolons per plant, daughter ramets per stolon, relative water content, cuticle thickness, and root and shoot biomasses were achieved with the MC supplementation. The improved parameters were associated with a higher silicon content of roots and shoots of the MC-treated plants. Leaf concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid were reduced by the MC. This effect was accompanied by enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The phenolic profile showed upregulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, and ellagic acid derivative 2, while kaempferol rutinoside and catechins were downregulated. Thus, silicon chelates improve growth and trigger the physiological processes that enhance free-radical-scavenging activity in strawberry plants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ambros
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga Kotsupiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Karpova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ulyana Panova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101 Zolotodolinskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander Chernonosov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Trofimova
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Kutateladze Str., Novosibirsk 630128, Russia
| | - Boris Goldenberg
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility Siberian Circular Photon Source, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Nikolsky Ave., Koltsovo 630559, Russia
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Hou L, Ji S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Liu P. The mechanism of silicon on alleviating cadmium toxicity in plants: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141138. [PMID: 37035070 PMCID: PMC10076724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements that seriously threaten food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Because of its high solubility, cadmium can easily enter plants, inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. Therefore, finding a way to alleviate the inhibitory effects of cadmium on plant growth is critical. Silicon, the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, has been widely reported to promote plant growth and alleviate cadmium toxicity. This review summarizes the recent progress made to elucidate how silicon mitigates cadmium toxicity in plants. We describe the role of silicon in reducing cadmium uptake and transport, improving plant mineral nutrient supply, regulating antioxidant systems and optimizing plant architecture. We also summarize in detail the regulation of plant water balance by silicon, and the role of this phenomenon in enhancing plant resistance to cadmium toxicity. An in-depth analysis of literature has been conducted to identify the current problems related to cadmium toxicity and to propose future research directions.
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Liu H, Todd JL, Luo H. Turfgrass Salinity Stress and Tolerance-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:925. [PMID: 36840273 PMCID: PMC9961807 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrasses are ground cover plants with intensive fibrous roots to encounter different edaphic stresses. The major edaphic stressors of turfgrasses often include soil salinity, drought, flooding, acidity, soil compaction by heavy traffic, unbalanced soil nutrients, heavy metals, and soil pollutants, as well as many other unfavorable soil conditions. The stressors are the results of either naturally occurring soil limitations or anthropogenic activities. Under any of these stressful conditions, turfgrass quality will be reduced along with the loss of economic values and ability to perform its recreational and functional purposes. Amongst edaphic stresses, soil salinity is one of the major stressors as it is highly connected with drought and heat stresses of turfgrasses. Four major salinity sources are naturally occurring in soils: recycled water as the irrigation, regular fertilization, and air-borne saline particle depositions. Although there are only a few dozen grass species from the Poaceae family used as turfgrasses, these turfgrasses vary from salinity-intolerant to halophytes interspecifically and intraspecifically. Enhancement of turfgrass salinity tolerance has been a very active research and practical area as well in the past several decades. This review attempts to target new developments of turfgrasses in those soil salinity stresses mentioned above and provides insight for more promising turfgrasses in the future with improved salinity tolerances to meet future turfgrass requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jason L. Todd
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Swain R, Sahoo S, Behera M, Rout GR. Instigating prevalent abiotic stress resilience in crop by exogenous application of phytohormones and nutrient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104874. [PMID: 36844040 PMCID: PMC9947512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the demand for food and feed for the ever-increasing population has achieved unparalleled importance, which cannot afford crop yield loss. Now-a-days, the unpleasant situation of abiotic stress triggers crop improvement by affecting the different metabolic pathways of yield and quality advances worldwide. Abiotic stress like drought, salinity, cold, heat, flood, etc. in plants diverts the energy required for growth to prevent the plant from shock and maintain regular homeostasis. Hence, the plant yield is drastically reduced as the energy is utilized for overcoming the stress in plants. The application of phytohormones like the classical auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellins, as well as more recent members including brassinosteroids, jasmonic acids, etc., along with both macro and micronutrients, have enhanced significant attention in creating key benefits such as reduction of ionic toxicity, improving oxidative stress, maintaining water-related balance, and gaseous exchange modification during abiotic stress conditions. Majority of phytohormones maintain homeostasis inside the cell by detoxifying the ROS and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities which can enhance tolerance in plants. At the molecular level, phytohormones activate stress signaling pathways or genes regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), Jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene. The various stresses primarily cause nutrient deficiency and reduce the nutrient uptake of plants. The application of plant nutrients like N, K, Ca, and Mg are also involved in ROS scavenging activities through elevating antioxidants properties and finally decreasing cell membrane leakage and increasing the photosynthetic ability by resynthesizing the chlorophyll pigment. This present review highlighted the alteration of metabolic activities caused by abiotic stress in various crops, the changes of vital functions through the application of exogenous phytohormones and nutrition, as well as their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinny Swain
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, Gandhi University of Engineering and Technology (GIET) University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutishree Sahoo
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Mamata Behera
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Improvement Division, School of Agriculture, GIET University, Rayagada, Odisha, India
| | - Gyana Ranjan Rout
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Silicon improves seed germination and seedling growth and alleviates salt stress in Medicago sativa L. by regulating seed reserve mobilization and antioxidant system defense. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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13
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Yaghobi M, Heidari P. Genome-Wide Analysis of Aquaporin Gene Family in Triticum turgidum and Its Expression Profile in Response to Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010202. [PMID: 36672943 PMCID: PMC9859376 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During the response of plants to water stresses, aquaporin (AQP) plays a prominent role in membrane water transport based on the received upstream signals. Due to the importance of the AQP gene family, studies have been conducted that investigate the function and regulatory system of these genes. However, many of their molecular aspects are still unknown. This study aims to carry out a genome-wide investigation of the AQP gene family in Triticum turgidum using bioinformatics tools and to investigate the expression patterns of some members in response to salt stress. Our results show that there are 80 TtAQP genes in T. turgidum, which are classified into four main groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Several duplications were observed between the members of the TtAQP gene family, and high diversity in response to post-translational modifications was observed between TtAQP family members. The expression pattern of TtAQP genes disclosed that these genes are primarily upregulated in response to salt stress. Additionally, the qPCR data revealed that TtAQPs are more induced in delayed responses to salinity stress. Overall, our findings illustrate that TtAQP members are diverse in terms of their structure, regulatory systems, and expression levels.
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Li Y, Xi K, Liu X, Han S, Han X, Li G, Yang L, Ma D, Fang Z, Gong S, Yin J, Zhu Y. Silica nanoparticles promote wheat growth by mediating hormones and sugar metabolism. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:2. [PMID: 36593514 PMCID: PMC9808955 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on plant growth and development, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of SiNPs-mediated plant growth strengthening are still unclear, especially under field condition. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field. RESULTS SiNPs increased tillers and elongated internodes by 66.7% and 27.4%, respectively, resulting in a larger biomass. SiNPs can increase the net photosynthetic rate by increasing total chlorophyll contents. We speculated that SiNPs can regulate the growth of leaves and stems, partly by regulating the metabolisms of plant hormones and soluble sugar. Specifically, SiNPs can increase auxin (IAA) and fructose contents, which can promote wheat growth directly or indirectly. Furthermore, SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR), IAA (TIR1), and abscisic acid (ABA) (PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF), whereas the expression levels of genes related to CTKs (IPT) was decreased after SiNPs treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that SiNPs can promote wheat growth and provides a theoretical foundation for the application of SiNPs in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Keyong Xi
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Xi Liu
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Shuo Han
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Gang Li
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Lijun Yang
- grid.410632.20000 0004 1758 5180Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 Hubei China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- grid.410632.20000 0004 1758 5180Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 Hubei China
| | - Junliang Yin
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
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Shi Y, Guo S, Zhao X, Xu M, Xu J, Xing G, Zhang Y, Ahammed GJ. Comparative physiological and transcriptomics analysis revealed crucial mechanisms of silicon-mediated tolerance to iron deficiency in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1094451. [PMID: 36618612 PMCID: PMC9811145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common abiotic stress in plants grown in alkaline soil that causes leaf chlorosis and affects root development due to low plant-available Fe concentration. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth and can also improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the effect of Si and regulatory mechanisms on tomato plant growth under Fe deficiency remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the effect of Si application on the photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and organic acid contents under Fe deficiency in tomato plants. The results showed that Si application promoted plant growth by increasing photosynthetic capacity, strengthening antioxidant defense, and reprogramming sugar metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis (RNA-seq) showed that Si application under Fe deficiency up-regulated the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, carbohydrate metabolism and organic acid synthesis. In addition, Si application under Fe deficiency increased Fe distribution to leaves and roots. Combined with physiological assessment and molecular analysis, these findings suggest that Si application can effectively increase plant tolerance to low Fe stress and thus can be implicated in agronomic management of Fe deficiency for sustainable crop production. Moreover, these findings provide important information for further exploring the genes and underlying regulatory mechanisms of Si-mediated low Fe stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuxun Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Niu Y, Liu L, Wang F, Liu X, Huang Z, Zhao H, Qi B, Zhang G. Exogenous silicon enhances resistance to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157248. [PMID: 35820528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) is a threat to rice growth, and ultimately, to human health. Silicon (Si) plays an important role in plants' stress responses. However, little is known about the effects of Si on the TCB tolerance of rice plants. We investigated the effects of Si on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of rice plants under TCB stress. First, we compared the TCB tolerance of 13 rice cultivars by measuring seven growth-related and 13 physiological indices across four treatments. Then, six cultivars with contrasting TCB tolerance were selected to study the expression of Si transport and detoxification related genes. Compared with the control, the TCB treatment resulted in decreased growth indices, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased the superoxide anion content and root electrical conductivity. Application of Si improved rice growth, chlorophyll content and alleviated oxidative damage caused by TCB. The alleviating effect of Si ranged from 4.1 % to 56.72 % among the cultivars, with the strongest alleviating effect on Wuyujing 36. The transcript levels of genes encoding Si transporters and detoxification enzymes were higher in tolerant cultivars than in sensitive cultivars. The TCB treatment induced the expression of GST and Lsi2 in roots and HO-1 in leaves; these genes as well as Lsi1 were differentially expressed in roots and/or leaves in the TCB + Si treatment. Lsi1 played a key role in Si-mediated TCB tolerance in Wuyujing 36. The joint analysis of gene transcript levels in TCB and TCB + Si treatments confirmed that all six genes were associated with TCB tolerance, especially Lsi1 and Lsi2 in roots and GST and CuZn-SOD in leaves. Si can increase rice plants' resistance to TCB stress by improving growth and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and chlorophyll content, and by up-regulating genes involved in Si transport and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Niu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Xinhai Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Bo Qi
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China; State Key Laboratory of soil and agricultural sustainable development, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Attapulgite Clay Resource Utilization, Huai'an 223003, China.
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Venâncio JB, Dias NDS, de Medeiros JF, de Morais PLD, do Nascimento CWA, de Sousa Neto ON, de Andrade LM, Pereira KTO, Peixoto TDC, Rocha JLA, Ferreira Neto M, Sá FVDS. Effect of Salinity and Silicon Doses on Onion Post-Harvest Quality and Shelf Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2788. [PMID: 36297810 PMCID: PMC9607372 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress during pre-harvest limits the shelf life and post-harvest quality of produce; however, silicon nutrition can mitigate salt stress in plants. Thus, we evaluated the effects of salinity and fertilization with Si, in pre-harvest, on the morpho-physiological characteristics of onion bulbs during shelf life. The experiment was set up in randomized complete blocks, with treatments arranged in split-split plots. The plots had four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.65, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.1 dS m-1). The subplots had five fertilization levels with Si (0, 41.6, 83.2, 124.8, and 166.4 kg ha-1). The sub-sub plots had four shelf times (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after harvest). Irrigation water salinity and shelf time reduced firmness and increased the mass loss of onion bulbs during shelf life. Salt stress reduced the contents of sugars and total soluble solids of onion bulbs during storage; however, Si supply improved the contents of these variables. Salinity, Si supply, and shelf time increased the concentrations of pyruvic and ascorbic acids in onion bulbs during shelf life. Si doses between 121.8 and 127.0 kg ha-1 attenuated the impacts caused by moderate salinity, increasing the synthesis of metabolites and prolonging the onion bulbs' shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nildo da Silva Dias
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciara Maria de Andrade
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ferreira Neto
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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Zhan C, Li Y, Li H, Wang M, Gong S, Ma D, Li Y. Phylogenomic analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) multigene family and their differential expression analysis in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) suggested their roles during different stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982457. [PMID: 36247561 PMCID: PMC9561908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway and plays an important role in plant growth and stress response. It has been widely reported in plants, but less studied in wheat. In this study, 54 PAL genes were identified in the wheat genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the 54 TaPAL genes were divided into four groups (I, II, III, and IV). Then, the expression levels of TaPALs under biotic stresses were analyzed by transcriptome data analysis. The results showed that 31 genes were up-regulated and one gene was down-regulated after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum, 11 genes were up-regulated and 14 genes were down-regulated after inoculation with Puccinia striiformis, and 32 up-regulated and three down-regulated genes after inoculation with powdery mildew. The expression patterns of the five TaPALs were further analyzed by qRT-PCR. After inoculation with F. graminearum, the expression levels of five TaPALs were up-regulated. However, the TaPALs (expect TaPAL49) were down-regulated when inoculated with P. striiformis. Finally, the functions of TaPAL32 and TaPAL42 in resistance of wheat to the stripe rust were further analyzed by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays. The results showed that the disease severity of TaPAL32 and TaPAL42 silenced plants was higher than that of control plants at 14 days after inoculation. It indicated that these two genes played a positive role in wheat stripe rust resistance. This study provided new evidence support for the functional study of PAL genes in wheat, and provided potential application value for the breeding of wheat resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Han Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Biochemical Characteristics and Elemental Composition Peculiarities of Rheum tataricum L. in Semi-Desert Conditions and of European Garden Rhubarb. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and mineral peculiarities of plants inhabiting desert and semi-desert areas may provide important information about the mechanism of their adaptability and reveal the prospects of their utilization. Rheum tataricum L., known for its high tolerance to drought, salinity, and nutritional deficiency, is the least studied species of wild rhubarb. Using biochemical and ICP-MS analysis, the antioxidant status and mineral composition of R. tataricum were determined. Extremely high levels of antioxidant activity (148–155 mg GAE g−1 d.w.), polyphenols (24.6–25.1 mg GAE g−1 d.w.) and carotenoids (1.94 mg-eq β-carotene g−1 d.w.) were revealed in roots, proline in leaves (71.1 ± 6.2 mg kg−1 d.w.) and malic acid in stems (3.40 ± 0.50 mg g−1 d.w.). Compared to garden rhubarb, R. tataricum demonstrated significant root–leaves translocation of Li, Se, Si, and Mo, known to participate in plant antioxidant defense. Under high levels of Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cr and Si in soil, R. tataricum demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the accumulation of these elements in roots, showing a hyperaccumulation ability for Sr. The first broad picture of R. tataricum biochemical and mineral characteristics in semi-desert habitat and its nutritional value indicate the prospects of R. tataricum utilization in plant breeding, medicine, and nutrition.
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Shen Z, Cheng X, Li X, Deng X, Dong X, Wang S, Pu X. Effects of silicon application on leaf structure and physiological characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. under salt treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:390. [PMID: 35922748 PMCID: PMC9351143 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization leads to a significant decline in crop yield and quality, including licorice, an important medicinal cash crop. Studies have proofed that the application of exogenous silicon can significantly improve the ability of licorice to resist salt stress, however, few studies concentrated on the effects of foliar silicon application on the morphology, physiological characteristics, and anatomical structure of licorice leaves under salt stress. In this study, the effects of Si (K2SiO3) on the structural and physiological characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and G. inflata Bat. leaves under different salt concentrations (medium- and high-salt) were studied. RESULTS Compared with the control (without salt), the plant height, total dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, relative water content, xylem area, phloem area, ratio of palisade to spongy tissue, gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic pigment content of both licorice varieties were significantly reduced under high-salt (12S) conditions. However, the thickness of the leaf, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue increased significantly. Applying Si to the leaf surface increased the area of the vascular bundle, xylem, and parenchyma of the leaf's main vein, promoted water transportation, enhanced the relative leaf water content, and reduced the decomposition of photosynthetic pigments. These changes extended the area of photosynthesis and promoted the production and transportation of organic matter. G. uralensis had a better response to Si application than did G. inflata. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, foliar application of Si can improve water absorption, enhance photosynthesis, improve photosynthetic capacity and transpiration efficiency, promote growth and yield, and alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on the leaf structure of the two kinds of licorice investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xianya Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiuxiu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaozhen Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
- Pharmacy School, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Kumari VV, Banerjee P, Verma VC, Sukumaran S, Chandran MAS, Gopinath KA, Venkatesh G, Yadav SK, Singh VK, Awasthi NK. Plant Nutrition: An Effective Way to Alleviate Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158519. [PMID: 35955651 PMCID: PMC9368943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By the year 2050, the world’s population is predicted to have grown to around 9–10 billion people. The food demand in many countries continues to increase with population growth. Various abiotic stresses such as temperature, soil salinity and moisture all have an impact on plant growth and development at all levels of plant growth, including the overall plant, tissue cell, and even sub-cellular level. These abiotic stresses directly harm plants by causing protein denaturation and aggregation as well as increased fluidity of membrane lipids. In addition to direct effects, indirect damage also includes protein synthesis inhibition, protein breakdown, and membranous loss in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Abiotic stress during the reproductive stage results in flower drop, pollen sterility, pollen tube deformation, ovule abortion, and reduced yield. Plant nutrition is one of the most effective ways of reducing abiotic stress in agricultural crops. In this paper, we have discussed the effectiveness of different nutrients for alleviating abiotic stress. The roles of primary nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium and sulphur), micronutrients (zinc, boron, iron and copper), and beneficial nutrients (cobalt, selenium and silicon) in alleviating abiotic stress in crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan Visha Kumari
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Purabi Banerjee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyala, Mohanpur 741251, India;
| | - Vivek Chandra Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India;
| | - Suvana Sukumaran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Kodigal A. Gopinath
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.G.); (V.K.S.)
| | - Govindarajan Venkatesh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sushil Kumar Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Vinod Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500059, India; (V.V.K.); (S.S.); (M.A.S.C.); (G.V.); (S.K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.G.); (V.K.S.)
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22
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Assessing Silicon-Mediated Growth Performances in Contrasting Rice Cultivars under Salt Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141831. [PMID: 35890465 PMCID: PMC9324038 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) application has great potential to improve salt tolerance in a variety of crop plants. However, it is unclear how Si influences the responses of contrasting rice cultivars when exposed to excessive salt. Here, we investigated the functions of Si in alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on two contrasting rice cultivars, namely BRRI dhan48 (salt-sensitive) and Binadhan-10 (salt-tolerant). Rice seedlings was pre-treated with three doses of Si (as silicic acid; 0, 1 and 2 mM) for 14 days at one-day interval before being exposed to salt stress (10 dSm−1) in a sustained water bath system. The results demonstrated that the seedlings of BRRI dhan48 and Binadhan-10, respectively exhibited substantial reductions in shoot height (16 and 9%), shoot fresh weight (64 and 43%) and shoot dry weight (50 and 39%) under salinity. Intriguingly, BRRI dhan48 pre-treated with 1 and 2 mM Si, respectively, showed a higher increase in shoot height (SH) (by 25.90 and 26.08%) as compared with Binadhan-10 (by 3 and 8%) under salt stress compared with their respective controls. Data revealed that a comparatively higher improvement in the growth performances of the salt-induced Si pre-treated BRRI dhan48 than that of Binadhan-10. For example, 1 and 2 mM of Si treatments significantly attributed to elevated leaf relative water content (RWC) (13 and 22%), proline (138 and 165%), chlorophyll a (42 and 44%), chlorophyll b (91 and 72%), total chlorophyll (58 and 53%) and carotenoids (33 and 29%), and recovery in the reductions of electrolyte leakage (13 and 21%), malondialdehyde content (23 and 30%) and shoot Na+/K+ ratio (22 and 52%) in BRRI dhan48 compared with Si-untreated control plants under salt stress. In addition, we found salt-tolerant Binadhan-10 also had enhanced RWC (9 and 19%), proline (12 and 26%) with pre-treatment with 1 and 2 mM of Si, respectively, under salt stress, while no significant differences were noticed in the case of photosynthetic pigments and Na+/K+ ratio. Our results showed that Si supplementation potentiated higher salt-tolerance ability in the salt-sensitive BRRI dhan48 as compared with salt-tolerant Binadhan-10. Thus, Si application could be highly beneficial in the growth recovery of the salinity-affected salt-sensitive high yielding rice cultivars in the saline-prone areas.
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23
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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24
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Peng H, Hu H, Xi K, Zhu X, Zhou J, Yin J, Guo F, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Silicon Nanoparticles Enhance Ginger Rhizomes Tolerance to Postharvest Deterioration and Resistance to Fusarium solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:816143. [PMID: 35371177 PMCID: PMC8965286 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.816143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration of ginger rhizome caused by microorganisms or wound infections causes significant economic losses. Fusarium solani is one of the important causal agents of prevalent ginger disease soft rot across the world. The massive and continuous use of chemical fungicides in postharvest preservation pose risks to human health and produce environmental contamination. Hence, new alternative tools are required to reduce postharvest deterioration and extend the postharvest life of ginger. In this study, the use of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the storability of ginger rhizomes during postharvest storage and their resistance to Fusarium solani was investigated. The results showed that 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1 of SiNPs increased the firmness of the ginger rhizome during storage but decreased the decay severity, water loss, total color difference, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2O2 and superoxide anion) accumulation. Specifically, 100 mg L-1 (SiNP100) demonstrated the best effect in the extension of postharvest life and improved the quality of the ginger rhizomes. SiNP100 application increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and the total phenolics and flavonoid contents, thereby reducing the ROS accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, SiNP100 treatment negatively impacts the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, which may have contributed to the lower level of lignin and decreased total color difference. SiNP100 likely decreased water loss and the transfer of water by altering the expression of aquaporin genes. Moreover, SiNP100 modulated the expression of lignin synthesis and phytopathogenic responses genes including MYB and LysM genes. Furthermore, SiNP100 inhibited Fusarium solani by preventing the penetration of hyphae into cells, thus decreasing the severity of postharvest pathogenic decay. In summary, this study revealed the physiology and molecular mechanisms of SiNPs-induced tolerance to postharvest deterioration and resistance to disease, which provides a foundation for using SiNPs resources as a promising alternative tool to maintain ginger quality and control postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haijun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Keyong Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fengling Guo
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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25
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Ahire ML, Mundada PS, Nikam TD, Bapat VA, Penna S. Multifaceted roles of silicon in mitigating environmental stresses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:291-310. [PMID: 34826705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food security relies on plant productivity and plant's resilience to climate change driven environmental stresses. Plants employ diverse adaptive mechanisms of stress-signalling pathways, antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, nutrient homeostasis and phytohormones. Over the last few decades, silicon has emerged as a beneficial element for enhancing plant growth productivity. Silicon ameliorates biotic and abiotic stress conditions by regulating the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. Si-uptake and transport are facilitated by specialized Si-transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2, Lsi3, and Lsi6) and, the differential root anatomy has been shown to reflect in the varying Si-uptake in monocot and dicot plants. Silicon mediates a number of plant processes including osmotic, ionic stress responses, metabolic processes, stomatal physiology, phytohormones, nutrients and source-sink relationship. Further studies on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Si transporter genes are required for better uptake and transport in spatial mode and under different stress conditions. In this article, we present an account of the availability, uptake, Si transporters and, the role of Silicon to alleviate environmental stress and improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ahire
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Mundada
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - T D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - V A Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094, Maharashtra, India.
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26
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Wang M, Wang R, Mur LAJ, Ruan J, Shen Q, Guo S. Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34848683 PMCID: PMC8633297 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions. However, the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants, the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress, especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate- and excluder-type plants. The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport, regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss, accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances, and inducing plant defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance. This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture. Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species, genotypes, and the environment, detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Wang D, Hou L, Zhang L, Liu P. The mechanisms of silicon on maintaining water balance under water deficit stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1253-1262. [PMID: 34389991 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit stress severely threatens crop yield and numerous reports have shown silicon could enhance plants resistance to water deficit. One of the most important mechanisms is that silicon maintains the water balance. In this review, we summarized advanced research to elucidate the effect of silicon on plant water transport processes, including leaf water loss, vessel water transport, and root water uptake. In leaves, the deposition of silica phytolith on cuticle and stomata decreases transpirational water loss under water deficit stress. However, accumulating evidence suggest that silicon maintaining leaf water content is not through reducing water loss, but through osmotic adjustments, enhancing water transport and uptake. Enhancement of stem water transport efficiency by silicon is due to silica phytolith depositing in the cell wall of vessel tubes and pits, which support it avoiding to collapse and embolism, respectively. The improvement of root water uptake capacity by silicon acts as a key role in maintaining water balance. The underlying mechanisms include (i) enlargement of the root water uptake area, (ii) improvement of the water driving force, (iii) the prevention of water loss from root to soil, and (iv) the up-regulation of aquaporin activity. This review provides three simple models to understand the mechanism of silicon on water balance and highlights the future research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
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28
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Niu H, Xia P, Hu Y, Zhan C, Li Y, Gong S, Li Y, Ma D. Genome-wide identification of ZF-HD gene family in Triticum aestivum: Molecular evolution mechanism and function analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256579. [PMID: 34559835 PMCID: PMC8462724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ZF-HD family genes play important roles in plant growth and development. Studies about the whole genome analysis of ZF-HD gene family have been reported in some plant species. In this study, the whole genome identification and expression profile of the ZF-HD gene family were analyzed for the first time in wheat. A total of 37 TaZF-HD genes were identified and divided into TaMIF and TaZHD subfamilies according to the conserved domain. The phylogeny tree of the TaZF-HD proteins was further divided into six groups based on the phylogenetic relationship. The 37 TaZF-HDs were distributed on 18 of 21 chromosomes, and almost all the genes had no introns. Gene duplication and Ka/Ks analysis showed that the gene family may have experienced powerful purification selection pressure during wheat evolution. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that TaZF-HD genes had significant expression patterns in different biotic stress and abiotic stress. Through subcellular localization experiments, we found that TaZHD6-3B was located in the nucleus, while TaMIF4-5D was located in the cell membrane and nucleus. Our research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the TaZF-HD family, provides a new perspective for further research on the biological functions of TaZF-HD genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Niu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Pengliang Xia
- Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, China
| | - Yifeng Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chuang Zhan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (DM)
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (DM)
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29
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Verma KK, Song XP, Zeng Y, Guo DJ, Singh M, Rajput VD, Malviya MK, Wei KJ, Sharma A, Li DP, Chen GL, Li YR. Foliar application of silicon boosts growth, photosynthetic leaf gas exchange, antioxidative response and resistance to limited water irrigation in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:582-592. [PMID: 34175813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell and water relationship regulates morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics to optimize carboxylation for enhanced biomass yield in sugarcane. Insufficient water irrigation is one of the serious problems to impair potential yield of agriculturally important sugarcane cash crop by loss in plant performance. Our study aims to reveal consequences of foliar spray of silicon (Si) using calcium metasilicate powder (Wollastonite, CaO.SiO2) to alleviate the adverse effects of limited water irrigation in sugarcane. Silicon (0, 50, 100 and 500 ppm) was applied as foliar spray on normally grown 45 days old sugarcane plants. Further, these plants were raised at half field capacity (50%) using water irrigation precisely up to 90 days under open environmental variables. Consequently, restricted irrigation impaired plant growth-development, leaf relative water content (%), photosynthetic pigments, SPAD unit, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence variable yield (Fv/Fm) and biomass yield. Notably, it has enhanced values of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidative defense enzyme molecules viz., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The foliar spray of Si defended sugarcane plants from limited water irrigation stress as Si quenched harmful effect of water-deficit and also enhanced the operation of antioxidant defense machinery for improved sugarcane plant performance suitably favored stomatal dynamics for photosynthesis and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- International Co-operation Division, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai-Jun Wei
- Liuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Liuzhou, 545 003, Guangxi, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant Substances for Sustainable Agriculture: Origin, Operating Mechanisms and Effects on Cucurbits, Leafy Greens, and Nightshade Vegetables Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1103. [PMID: 34439770 PMCID: PMC8392623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a pressing matter of anthropogenic nature to which agriculture contributes by abusing production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and fertigation water, thus degrading land and water sources. Moreover, as the increase in the demand of food in 2050 is estimated to be 25 to 70% more than what is currently produced today, a sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed. Biostimulant substances are products that the EU states work by promoting growth, resistance to plant abiotic stress, and increasing produce quality, and may be a valid strategy to enhance sustainable agricultural practice. Presented in this review is a comprehensive look at the scientific literature regarding the widely used and EU-sanctioned biostimulant substances categories of silicon, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and humic substances. Starting from their origin, the modulation of plants' hormonal networks, physiology, and stress defense systems, their in vivo effects are discussed on some of the most prominent vegetable species of the popular plant groupings of cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshades. The review concludes by identifying several research areas relevant to biostimulant substances to exploit and enhance the biostimulant action of these substances and signaling molecules in horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.-N.)
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Bala M, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL, Singh AK. Silicon-mediated abiotic and biotic stress mitigation in plants: Underlying mechanisms and potential for stress resilient agriculture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:15-25. [PMID: 33799014 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial macronutrient for plants. The Si supplementation to growth media mitigates abiotic and biotic stresses by regulating several physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. The uptake of Si from the soil by root cells and subsequent transport are facilitated by Lsi1 (Low silicon1) belonging to nodulin 26-like major intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of aquaporin protein family, and Lsi2 (Low silicon 2) belonging to putative anion transporters, respectively. The soluble Si in the cytosol enhances the production of jasmonic acid, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, secondary metabolites and induces expression of genes in plants under stress conditions. Silicon has been found beneficial in conferring tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulation of different metabolic pathways. In the present review, Si transporters identified in various plant species and mechanisms of Si-mediated abiotic and biotic stress tolerance have been presented. In addition, role of Si in regulating gene expression under various abiotic and biotic stresses as revealed by transcriptome level studies has been discussed. This provides a deeper understanding of various mechanisms of Si-mediated stress tolerance in plants and may help in devising strategies for stress resilient agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834010, India
| | - Ragini Sinha
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834010, India
| | - Meenu Bala
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834010, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834010, India.
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Jia X, Gong X, Jia X, Li X, Wang Y, Wang P, Huo L, Sun X, Che R, Li T, Zou Y, Ma F. Overexpression of MdATG8i Enhances Drought Tolerance by Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Promoting Water Uptake in Transgenic Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115517. [PMID: 34073724 PMCID: PMC8197189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit adversely affects apple (Malus domestica) productivity on the Loess Plateau. Autophagy plays a key role in plant responses to unfavorable environmental conditions. Previously, we demonstrated that a core apple autophagy-related protein, MdATG8i, was responsive to various stresses at the transcript level. Here, we investigated the function of this gene in the response of apple to severe drought and found that its overexpression (OE) significantly enhanced drought tolerance. Under drought conditions, MdATG8iOE apple plants exhibited less drought-related damage and maintained higher photosynthetic capacities compared with the wild type (WT). The accumulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) was lower in OE plants under drought stress and was accompanied by higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Besides, OE plants accumulated lower amounts of insoluble or oxidized proteins but greater amounts of amino acids and flavonoid under severe drought stress, probably due to their enhanced autophagic activities. Particularly, MdATG8iOE plants showed higher root hydraulic conductivity than WT plants did under drought conditions, indicating the enhanced ability of water uptake. In summary, the overexpression of MdATG8i alleviated oxidative damage, modulated amino acid metabolism and flavonoid synthesis, and improved root water uptake, ultimately contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xumei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xianpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yangjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.)
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Shahrajabian MH, Chaski C, Polyzos N, Petropoulos SA. Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050698. [PMID: 34067181 PMCID: PMC8150747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well as boosting effects to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The major plant biostimulants are hydrolysates of plant or animal protein and other compounds that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts of seaweeds, biopolymers, compounds of microbial origin, phosphite, and silicon, among others. The mechanisms involved in the protective effects of biostimulants are varied depending on the compound and/or crop and mostly related with improved physiological processes and plant morphology aspects such as the enhanced root formation and elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement in seed germination rates and better crop establishment, increased cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification of heavy metals, mechanisms involved in stomatal conductance and plant transpiration or the stimulation of plant immune systems against stressors. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the application of plant biostimulants on different crops within the framework of sustainable crop management, aiming to gather critical information regarding their positive effects on plant growth and yield, as well as on the quality of the final product. Moreover, the main limitations of such practice as well as the future prospects of biostimulants research will be presented.
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Kumawat S, Khatri P, Ahmed A, Vats S, Kumar V, Jaswal R, Wang Y, Xu P, Mandlik R, Shivaraj SM, Deokar A, Sonah H, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Understanding aquaporin transport system, silicon and other metalloids uptake and deposition in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124598. [PMID: 33234398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitates the transport of small solutes like water, urea, carbon dioxide, boron, and silicon (Si) and plays a critical role in important physiological processes. In this study, genome-wide characterization of AQPs was performed in bottle gourd. A total of 36 AQPs were identified in the bottle gourd, which were subsequently analyzed to understand the pore-morphology, exon-intron structure, subcellular-localization. In addition, available transcriptome data was used to study the tissue-specific expression. Several AQPs showed tissue-specific expression, more notably the LsiTIP3-1 having a high level of expression in flowers and fruits. Based on the in-silico prediction of solute specificity, LsiNIP2-1 was predicted to be a Si transporter. Silicon was quantified in different tissues, including root, young leaves, mature leaves, tendrils, and fruits of bottle gourd plants. More than 1.3% Si (d.w.) was observed in bottle gourd leaves, testified the in-silico predictions. Silicon deposition evaluated with an energy-dispersive X-ray coupled with a scanning electron microscope showed a high Si accumulation in the shaft of leaf trichomes. Similarly, co-localization of Si with arsenic and antimony was observed. Expression profiling performed with real-time quantitative PCR showed differential expression of AQPs in response to Si supplementation. The information provided in the present study will be helpful to better understand the AQP transport mechanism, particularly Si and other metalloids transport and localization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Khatri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ashique Ahmed
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Darrang College, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Deokar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India; Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Dhiman P, Rajora N, Bhardwaj S, Sudhakaran SS, Kumar A, Raturi G, Chakraborty K, Gupta OP, Devanna BN, Tripathi DK, Deshmukh R. Fascinating role of silicon to combat salinity stress in plants: An updated overview. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:110-123. [PMID: 33667964 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress limits plant growth and productivity by severely impacting the fundamental physiological processes. Silicon (Si) supplementation is considered one of the promising methods to improve plant resilience under salt stress. Here, the role of Si in modulating physiological and biochemical processes that get adversely affected by high salinity, is discussed. Although numerous reports show the beneficial effects of Si under stress, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this is not well understood. Questions like whether all plants are equally benefitted with Si supplementation despite having varying Si uptake capability and salinity tolerance are still elusive. This review illustrates the Si uptake and accumulation mechanism to understand the direct or indirect participation of Si in different physiological processes. Evaluation of plant responses at transcriptomics and proteomics levels are promising in understanding the role of Si. Integration of physiological understanding with omics scale information highlighted Si supplementation affecting the phytohormonal and antioxidant responses under salinity as a key factor defining improved resilience. Similarly, the crosstalk of Si with lignin and phenolic content under salt stress also seems to be an important phenomenon helping plants to reduce the stress. The present review also addressed various crucial mechanisms by which Si application alleviates salt stress, such as a decrease in oxidative damage, decreased lipid peroxidation, improved photosynthetic ability, and ion homeostasis. Besides, the application and challenges of using Si-nanoparticles have also been addressed. Comprehensive information and discussion provided here will be helpful to better understand the role of Si under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dhiman
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rajora
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Bhardwaj
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sreeja S Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - B N Devanna
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Hossain MM, Huang H, Yuan Y, Wan T, Jiang C, Dai Z, Xiong S, Cao M, Tu S. Silicone stressed response of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:115836. [PMID: 33190981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organosilicon has been widely used in various fields of industry and agriculture due to its excellent properties, such as high and low temperature resistance, flame retardant, insulation, radiation resistance and physiological inertia. However, organosilicon toxicity in aquatic animals is seldom known. In this research, two typical silicone or silane coupling agents (KH-560 (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) and KH-570 (3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane)) were used in a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the effects on survival rate, antioxidant response and gene expression in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Crayfishes were grown in black aquaculture boxes containing different concentrations (0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg L-1) of KH-560 and KH-570 for 72 h, and then crayfish samples were harvested and separated into tissues of carapace, gill and muscle for analysis. The results showed that silicone significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in muscle by 17%-38% except for the treatment of 100 mg L-1 KH-570, and reduced the survival rate of crayfish. Additionally, silicone KH-570 increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) by 15%-31%, 17%-35%, and 9%-46%, as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) by 19%-31%, and 23%-29% respectively, in muscle tissue, and similar results occurred in KH-560. In the carapace, however, SOD activity was significantly decreased at high concentrations level of both silicone treatments. Moreover, silicon (Si) content was higher in the abdominal muscle of crayfish after silicone treatment. Assay of gene expression showed an obvious increasing expression of antioxidant related genes (Sod1, Sod2, Cat1, Cat2, and Pod1, Pod2) under silicone stress. The above results suggested that silicone caused an obvious stress response in crayfish in both biochemical and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Muzammel Hossain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hengliang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tianyin Wan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chengfeng Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhihua Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuanglian Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Menghua Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Huang W, He Y, Yang L, Lu C, Zhu Y, Sun C, Ma D, Yin J. Genome-wide analysis of growth-regulating factors (GRFs) in Triticum aestivum. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10701. [PMID: 33552727 PMCID: PMC7821759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) family encodes a type of plant-specific transcription factor (TF). GRF members play vital roles in plant development and stress response. Although GRF family genes have been investigated in a variety of plants, they remain largely unstudied in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present study was conducted to comprehensively identify and characterize the T. aestivum GRF (TaGRF) gene family members. We identified 30 TaGRF genes, which were divided into four groups based on phylogenetic relationship. TaGRF members within the same subgroup shared similar motif composition and gene structure. Synteny analysis suggested that duplication was the dominant reason for family member expansion. Expression pattern profiling showed that most TaGRF genes were highly expressed in growing tissues, including shoot tip meristems, stigmas and ovaries, suggesting their key roles in wheat growth and development. Further qRT-PCR analysis revealed that all 14 tested TaGRFs were significantly differentially expressed in responding to drought or salt stresses, implying their additional involvement in stress tolerance of wheat. Our research lays a foundation for functional determination of TaGRFs, and will help to promote further scrutiny of their regulatory network in wheat development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqin He
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Cai Sun
- Plant Protection and Fruiter Technical Extension Station, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central China, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innocation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Central China, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Cui J, Zhang E, Zhang X, Wang Q. Silicon alleviates salinity stress in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) by regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1115. [PMID: 33441932 PMCID: PMC7806910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the key factors that limits the cultivation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (G. uralensis) in the northern part of China. In this study, three salt treatments (including 21, 42 and 63 ds/m NaCl/kg dry soil) and four Si (silicon) concentrations (including 0, 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 ds/m SiO2/kg K2SiO3 in dry soil) were tested using G. uralensis as the plant material in a pot experiment with three replications. The results showed that the application of various concentrations of Si increased sucrose synthetase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS), as well as nitrate reductase (NR) activities, and promoted carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Si application also increased the root dry weight of G. uralensis. Multilevel comparative analysis showed that the application of 2.8 ds/m SiO2 was the optimum rate for improved growth and yield of G. uralensis under different salt levels. This study provides important information that can form the basis for the cultivation of high-yielding and high-quality G. uralensis in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Cui
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Enhe Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Zhao S, Gao H, Jia X, Wei J, Mao K, Ma F. MdHB-7 Regulates Water Use Efficiency in Transgenic Apple ( Malus domestica) Under Long-Term Moderate Water Deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740492. [PMID: 34777421 PMCID: PMC8582324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Improved water use efficiency (WUE) promotes plant survival and crop yield under water deficit conditions. Although the plant-specific HD-Zip I transcription factors have important roles in plant adaptation to various abiotic stresses, including water deficit, their functions in regulating WUE of apple (Malus domestica) are poorly understood. We characterized the role of MdHB-7 in WUE regulation by subjecting MdHB-7 transgenic plants to long-term moderate soil water deficit. The long-term WUE (WUEL) of transgenic apple plants with MdHB-7 overexpression or MdHB-7 RNA interference (RNAi) differed significantly from that of control plants. Upregulation of MdHB-7 caused reduced stomatal density, whereas the suppression of MdHB-7 increased stomatal density under both normal and long-term moderate soil water deficit conditions. Moderate reduction in stomatal density helped to improve the WUE of MdHB-7 overexpression transgenic plants, especially under water deficit conditions. MdHB-7 overexpression plants maintained high rates of photosynthesis that were conducive to the accumulation of biomass and the improvement of WUEL. MdHB-7 overexpression also alleviated the inhibition of root growth caused by long-term moderate soil water deficit and improved root vitality and hydraulic conductivity, which were essential for improving plant WUEL. By contrast, MdHB-7 RNA interference reduced the WUEL of transgenic plants by inhibiting these factors under normal and long-term moderate soil water deficit conditions. Taken together, our results provide solid evidence for a crucial role of MdHB-7 in the regulation of apple WUEL and provide new insights for improving the WUE of apple plants under moderate soil water deficit.
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Zhu Y, Jiang X, Zhang J, He Y, Zhu X, Zhou X, Gong H, Yin J, Liu Y. Silicon confers cucumber resistance to salinity stress through regulation of proline and cytokinins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:209-220. [PMID: 32977177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a continuous threat to global crop production. Here, we studied the alleviation role of exogenous silicon (Si) in NaCl-stressed cucumber, with special emphasis on plant growth, proline (Pro) and hormone metabolisms. The results showed that Si supplementation ameliorated the adverse effects of NaCl on plants growth, biomass, and oxidative stress. Salt stress greatly increased the content of Pro throughout the experiment, while Si regulated Pro content in two distinct ways. Si promoted the salt-induced Pro levels after 3 and 6 days of treatment, but decreased it after 9 and 12 days of treatment. Moreover, P5CS and ProDH activities and P5CS gene play important roles in Si and salt-regulated Pro levels in different stress phase. Under stress condition, Si addition tend to revert the content of ABA, IAA, cytokinin and SA to the control levels in most cases. Further correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the root cytokinin and Pro content after 3 days of treatment, suggesting the interaction between cytokinin and Pro metabolism. Exogenous application of Pro and ProDH competitive inhibitor D-Lactate confirmed the possible interplay between Pro and cytokinin metabolism. Further study identified several CKX (Csa4G647490 and Csa1G589070) and IPT (Csa7G392940 and Csa3G150100) genes that may be responsible for the regulation of cytokinin accumulation by Si and/or Pro after short-term of treatment. The results suggested that Pro is a key factor in Si-induced salt tolerance, and Si-increased Pro content may participate in the regulation of cytokinin metabolism under short-term of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Xinchen Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Haijun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
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Calero Hurtado A, Chiconato DA, Prado RDM, Sousa Junior GDS, Gratão PL, Felisberto G, Olivera Viciedo D, Mathias Dos Santos DM. Different methods of silicon application attenuate salt stress in sorghum and sunflower by modifying the antioxidative defense mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110964. [PMID: 32678754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is the most common abiotic stress limiting agricultural productivity worldwide. Recent research has suggested that the application of silicon (Si) has beneficial effects against salt stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by regulating the antioxidant system, mineral nutrients, and other important mechanisms. However, whether these effects can be achieved through foliar application of Si, or whether Si application affects Si-accumulating (e.g., sorghum), and intermediate-Si-accumulating (e.g., sunflower) plant species differently, remains unclear. This study investigated different methods of Si application in attenuating the detrimental effects of salt stress, based on the biological responses of two distinct species of Si accumulators, under greenhouse conditions. Two pot experiments were designed as a factorial (2 × 4), randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with control and salt-stress groups (0 and 100 mmol.L-1 NaCl), and four Si-treatment groups: control (no Si), foliar application (28.6 mmol.L-1), root application (2 mmol.L-1), and combined foliar and root applications. Our results showed that the harmful effects of salt stress were attenuated by Si treatments in both plant species, which decreased Na+ uptake and lipid peroxidation, and increased Si and K+ uptake, relative leaf water content, antioxidant enzyme activities, leaf area, and shoot dry matter. These results were more prominent when Si was applied via nutrient solution in the sorghum plants, and the combined foliar and root applications of Si in sunflower plants. In addition, foliar application of Si alone is an efficient alternative in attenuating the effects of salinity in both plant species when Si is not available in the growth medium. These results suggest that the Si application method plays an important role in Na+ detoxification by modifying the antioxidative defense mechanism, which could actively mediate some important physiological and biochemical processes and helps to increase the shoot dry matter production in sorghum and sunflower plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Calero Hurtado
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Denise Aparecida Chiconato
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lupino Gratão
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Felisberto
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Durvalina Maria Mathias Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue S/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Meng Y, Yin Q, Yan Z, Wang Y, Niu J, Zhang J, Fan K. Exogenous Silicon Enhanced Salt Resistance by Maintaining K +/Na + Homeostasis and Antioxidant Performance in Alfalfa Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1183. [PMID: 32983188 PMCID: PMC7479291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been known to enhance salt resistance in plants. In this experiment, 4-weeks-old alfalfa seedlings were exposed to different NaCl concentrations (0-200 mM) with or without 2 mM Si for two weeks. The results showed that NaCl-stressed alfalfa seedlings showed a decrease in growth performance, such as stem extension rate, predawn leaf water potential (LWP) and the chlorophyll content, potassium (K+) concentration, as well as the ratio of potassium/sodium ion (K+/Na+). In contrast, NaCl-stressed alfalfa seedlings increased leaf Na+ concentration and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in alfalfa leaves. Besides, exogenous Si application enhanced photosynthetic parameters of NaCl-stressed alfalfa seedlings, which was accompanied by the improvement in predawn LWP, level of chlorophyll content, and water use efficiency (WUE). The Si-treated plants enhanced salinity tolerance by limiting Na+ accumulation while maintaining K+ concentration in leaves. It also established K+/Na+ homeostasis by increasing K+/Na+ radio to protect the leaves from Na+ toxicity and thereby maintained higher chlorophyll retention. Simultaneously, Si-treated plants showed higher antioxidant activities and decreased MDA content under NaCl stress. Our study concluded that Si application enhanced salt tolerance of alfalfa through improving the leaves photosynthesis, enhancing antioxidant performance and maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis in leaves. Our data further indicated exogenous Si application could be effectively manipulated for improving salt resistance of alfalfa grown in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa Meng
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijian Yan
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianming Niu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
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Verma KK, Song XP, Li DM, Singh M, Rajput VD, Malviya MK, Minkina T, Singh RK, Singh P, Li YR. Interactive Role of Silicon and Plant-Rhizobacteria Mitigating Abiotic Stresses: A New Approach for Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1055. [PMID: 32824916 PMCID: PMC7569970 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are the major constraints in agricultural crop production across the globe. The use of some plant-microbe interactions are established as an environment friendly way of enhancing crop productivity, and improving plant development and tolerance to abiotic stresses by direct or indirect mechanisms. Silicon (Si) can also stimulate plant growth and mitigate environmental stresses, and it is not detrimental to plants and is devoid of environmental contamination even if applied in excess quantity. In the present review, we elaborate the interactive application of Si and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) as an ecologically sound practice to increase the plant growth rate in unfavorable situations, in the presence of abiotic stresses. Experiments investigating the combined use of Si and PGPRs on plants to cope with abiotic stresses can be helpful in the future for agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India;
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia; (V.D.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia; (V.D.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (K.K.V.); (X.-P.S.); (D.-M.L.); (M.K.M.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.)
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Yin J, Wang L, Zhao J, Li Y, Huang R, Jiang X, Zhou X, Zhu X, He Y, He Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Genome-wide characterization of the C2H2 zinc-finger genes in Cucumis sativus and functional analyses of four CsZFPs in response to stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:359. [PMID: 32727369 PMCID: PMC7392682 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS C2H2-type zinc finger protein (ZFPs) form a relatively large family of transcriptional regulators in plants, and play many roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, the comprehensive analysis of C2H2 ZFPs in cucumber (CsZFPs) and their regulation function in cucumber are still lacking. RESULTS In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of CsZFPs, including the gene structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, and gene expression were performed. Functional analysis of 4 selected genes by transient transformation were also conducted. A total of 129 full-length CsZFPs were identified, which could be classified into four groups according to the phylogenetic analysis. The 129 CsZFPs unequally distributed on 7 chromosomes. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that the CsZFPs might involve in the regulation of phytohormone and/or abiotic stress response, and 93 CsZFPs were predicted to be targeted by one to 20 miRNAs. Moreover, the subcellular localization analysis indicated that 10 tested CsZFPs located in the nucleus and the transcriptome profiling analysis of CsZFPs demonstrated that these genes are involved in root and floral development, pollination and fruit spine. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of Csa1G085390 and Csa7G071440 into Nicotiana benthamiana plants revealed that they could decrease and induce leave necrosis in response to pathogen attack, respectively, and they could enhance salt and drought stresses through the initial induction of H2O2. In addition, Csa4G642460 and Csa6G303740 could induce cell death after 5 days transformation. CONCLUSIONS The identification and function analysis of CsZFPs demonstrated that some key individual CsZFPs might play essential roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. These results could lay the foundation for understanding the role of CsZFPs in cucumber development for future genetic engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Yiting Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Rong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xinchen Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xiaokang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yiqin He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
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Jiang W, Yin J, Zhang H, He Y, Shuai S, Chen S, Cao S, Li W, Ma D, Chen H. Genome-wide identification, characterization analysis and expression profiling of auxin-responsive GH3 family genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3885-3907. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jiang W, Yang L, He Y, Zhang H, Li W, Chen H, Ma D, Yin J. Genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) family in wheat ( Triticum aestivum). PeerJ 2019; 7:e8062. [PMID: 31763072 PMCID: PMC6873880 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a family of key antioxidant enzymes that play a crucial role in plant growth and development. Previously, this gene family has been investigated in Arabidopsis and rice. In the present study, a genome-wide analysis of the SOD gene family in wheat were performed. Twenty-six SOD genes were identified from the whole genome of wheat, including 17 Cu/Zn-SODs, six Fe-SODs, and three Mn-SODs. The chromosomal location mapping analysis indicated that these three types of SOD genes were only distributed on 2, 4, and 7 chromosomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of wheat SODs and several other species revealed that these SOD proteins can be assigned to two major categories. SOD1 mainly comprises of Cu/Zn-SODs, and SOD2 mainly comprises of Fe-SODs and Mn-SODs. Gene structure and motif analyses indicated that most of the SOD genes showed a relatively conserved exon/intron arrangement and motif composition. Analyses of transcriptional data indicated that most of the wheat SOD genes were expressed in almost all of the examined tissues and had important functions in abiotic stress resistance. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to reveal the regulating roles of wheat SOD gene family in response to NaCl, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol stresses. qRT-PCR showed that eight randomly selected genes with relatively high expression levels responded to all three stresses based on released transcriptome data. However, their degree of response and response patterns were different. Interestingly, among these genes, TaSOD1.7, TaSOD1.9, TaSOD2.1, and TaSOD2.3 feature research value owing to their remarkable expression-fold change in leaves or roots under different stresses. Overall, our results provide a basis of further functional research on the SOD gene family in wheat and facilitate their potential use for applications in the genetic improvement on wheat in drought and salt stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqin He
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Calero Hurtado A, Aparecida Chiconato D, de Mello Prado R, da Silveira Sousa Junior G, Felisberto G. Silicon attenuates sodium toxicity by improving nutritional efficiency in sorghum and sunflower plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:224-233. [PMID: 31319370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is known to negatively affect the fundamental processes in plants, reducing their growth and yield. The role of Silicon (Si) to protect the sorghum and sunflower plants against salinity stress was assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different forms of Si application on the uptake and use efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients in sorghum and sunflower plants under salinity stress under greenhouse conditions. Two experiments were conducted using sorghum and sunflower under greenhouse conditions. Four Si levels were applied to plants: no Si application; foliar application of 28.6 mmol.L-1; root application of 2.0 mmol.L-1; and combined Si application with both via nutrient solution and foliar spraying. Each Si treatment was applied in the absence and presence of NaCl (100 mM). Thirty days after treatments, sodium (Na+) and Si accumulation, nutrient uptake and use efficiency, and the roots and total plant dry weight were measured. Salinity stress induced nutritional imbalance and decreased dry weight production in both plant species. Our results showed that Si application alleviated the salinity stress by decreased Na+ uptake and increased nutritional efficiency, thereby favoring the total plant dry weight in sorghum by 27% and sunflower by 41%. This occurred when Si was applied either via root or in combination via root and foliar application, respectively. Collectively, our findings indicate that Si application can attenuate the deleterious effects of salt stress and increase yield in sorghum and sunflower plants in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Calero Hurtado
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Denise Aparecida Chiconato
- Department of Biology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
- Department of Biology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Felisberto
- Department of Soil and Fertilizer, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu YX, Yang L, Liu N, Yang J, Zhou XK, Xia YC, He Y, He YQ, Gong HJ, Ma DF, Yin JL. Genome-wide identification, structure characterization, and expression pattern profiling of aquaporin gene family in cucumber. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:345. [PMID: 31390991 PMCID: PMC6686268 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin (AQP) proteins comprise a group of membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that are responsible for transporting water and other small molecules, which is crucial for plant survival under stress conditions including salt stress. Despite the vital role of AQPs, little is known about them in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). RESULTS In this study, we identified 39 aquaporin-encoding genes in cucumber that were separated by phylogenetic analysis into five sub-families (PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP). Their substrate specificity was then assessed based on key amino acid residues such as the aromatic/Arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger's positions, and specificity-determining positions. The putative cis-regulatory motifs available in the promoter region of each AQP gene were analyzed and results revealed that their promoter regions contain many abiotic related cis-regulatory elements. Furthermore, analysis of previously released RNA-seq data revealed tissue- and treatment-specific expression patterns of cucumber AQP genes (CsAQPs). Three aquaporins (CsTIP1;1, CsPIP2;4, and CsPIP1;2) were the most transcript abundance genes, with CsTIP1;1 showing the highest expression levels among all aquaporins. Subcellular localization analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells revealed the diverse and broad array of sub-cellular localizations of CsAQPs. We then performed RNA-seq to identify the expression pattern of CsAQPs under salt stress and found a general decreased expression level of root CsAQPs. Moreover, qRT-PCR revealed rapid changes in the expression levels of CsAQPs in response to diverse abiotic stresses including salt, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000, heat, and chilling stresses. Additionally, transient expression of AQPs in N. benthamiana increased leaf water loss rate, suggesting their potential roles in the regulation of plant water status under stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that CsAQPs play important roles in response to salt stress. The genome-wide identification and primary function characterization of cucumber aquaporins provides insight to elucidate the complexity of the AQP gene family and their biological functions in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Ning Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Jie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xiao-Kang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yu-Chen Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yi-Qin He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Hai-Jun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Dong-Fang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Jun-Liang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
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Zhu Y, Yin J, Liang Y, Liu J, Jia J, Huo H, Wu Z, Yang R, Gong H. Transcriptomic dynamics provide an insight into the mechanism for silicon-mediated alleviation of salt stress in cucumber plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:245-254. [PMID: 30831473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity decreases the yield and quality of crops. Silicon (Si) has been widely reported to have beneficial effects on plant growth and development under salt stress. However, the mechanism is still poorly understood. In an attempt to identify genes or gene networks that may be orchestrated to improve salt tolerance of cucumber plants, we sequenced the transcriptomes of both control and salt-stressed cucumber leaves in the presence or absence of added Si. Seedlings of cucumber 'JinYou 1' were subjected to salt stress (75 mM NaCl) without or with addition of 0.3 mM Si. Plant growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and transcriptomic dynamics were investigated. The results showed that Si addition improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of cucumber seedlings under salt stress. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that Si played an important role in shaping the transcriptome of cucumber: the expressions of 1469 genes were altered in response to Si treatment in the control conditions, and these genes were mainly involved in ion transport, hormone and signal transduction, biosynthetic and metabolic processes, and stress and defense responses. Under salt stress alone, 1482 genes with putative functions associated with metabolic processes and responses to environmental stimuli have changed their expression levels. Si treatment shifted the transcriptome of salt-stressed cucumber back to that of the control, as evidenced that among the 708 and 774 genes that were up- or down-regulated under salt stress, a large majority of them (609 and 595, respectively) were reverted to the normal expression levels. These results suggest that Si may act as an elicitor to precondition cucumber plants and induce salt tolerance. The study may help us understand the mechanism for silicon-mediated salt tolerance and provide a theoretical basis for silicon application in crop production in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yufei Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 2725 South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Zefeng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruolin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haijun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Role of Silicon in Mediating Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060147. [PMID: 31159197 PMCID: PMC6630593 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major threat for plant growth worldwide. The regulatory mechanisms of silicon in alleviating salt stress have been widely studied using physiological, molecular genetics, and genomic approaches. Recently, progresses have been made in elucidating the alleviative effects of silicon in salt-induced osmotic stress, Na toxicity, and oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight recent development on the impact of silicon application on salt stress responses. Emphasis will be given to the following aspects. (1) Silicon transporters have been experimentally identified in different plant species and their structure feature could be an important molecular basis for silicon permeability. (2) Silicon could mediate salt-induced ion imbalance by (i) regulating Na+ uptake, transport, and distribution and (ii) regulating polyamine levels. (3) Si-mediated upregulation of aquaporin gene expression and osmotic adjustment play important roles in alleviating salinity-induced osmotic stress. (4) Silicon application direct/indirectly mitigates oxidative stress via regulating the antioxidant defense and polyamine metabolism. (5) Omics studies reveal that silicon could regulate plants' response to salt stress by modulating the expression of various genes including transcription factors and hormone-related genes. Finally, research areas that require further investigation to provide a deeper understanding of the role of silicon in plants are highlighted.
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