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Basu S, Kumar G. Regulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis: an effective approach to enhance salinity tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:193. [PMID: 39008125 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint for sustainable agricultural productivity, which together with the incessant climate change may be transformed into a severe threat to the global food security. It is, therefore, a serious concern that needs to be addressed expeditiously. The overproduction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the key events occurring during salt stress, consequently employing nitro-oxidative stress and programmed cell death in plants. However, very sporadic studies have been performed concerning different aspects of nitro-oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. The ability of plants to tolerate salinity is associated with their ability to maintain the cellular redox equilibrium mediated by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The present review emphasizes the mechanisms of ROS and RNS generation in plants, providing a detailed evaluation of how redox homeostasis is conserved through their effective removal. The uniqueness of this article stems from its incorporation of expression analyses of candidate genes for different antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS and RNS detoxification across various developmental stages and tissues of rice, utilizing publicly available microarray data. It underscores the utilization of modern biotechnological methods to improve salinity tolerance in crops, employing different antioxidants as markers. The review also explores how various transcription factors contribute to plants' ability to tolerate salinity by either activating or repressing the expression of stress-responsive genes. In summary, the review offers a thorough insight into the nitro-oxidative homeostasis strategy for extenuating salinity stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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2
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Yang R, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang B, Liu T, Shao Z, Li Y, Yang P, An J, Cao Y. MsABCG1, ATP-Binding Cassette G transporter from Medicago Sativa, improves drought tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana Tabacum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14446. [PMID: 39092508 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Drought has a devastating impact, presenting a formidable challenge to agricultural productivity and global food security. Among the numerous ABC transporter proteins found in plants, the ABCG transporters play a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stress. In Medicago sativa, the function of ABCG transporters remains elusive. Here, we report that MsABCG1, a WBC-type transporter highly conserved in legumes, is critical for the response to drought in alfalfa. MsABCG1 is localized on the plasma membrane, with the highest expression observed in roots under normal conditions, and its expression is induced by drought, NaCl and ABA signalling. In transgenic tobacco, overexpression of MsABCG1 enhanced drought tolerance, evidenced by increased osmotic regulatory substances and reduced lipid peroxidation. Additionally, drought stress resulted in reduced ABA accumulation in tobacco overexpressing MsABCG1, demonstrating that overexpression of MsABCG1 enhanced drought tolerance was not via an ABA-dependent pathway. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco exhibited increased stomatal density and reduced stomatal aperture under drought stress, indicating that MsABCG1 has the potential to participate in stomatal regulation during drought stress. In summary, these findings suggest that MsABCG1 significantly enhances drought tolerance in plants and provides a foundation for developing efficient drought-resistance strategies in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yeyan Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yinying Yuan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Benzhong Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zitong Shao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanying Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuman Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Lee SY, Jang SJ, Jeong HB, Lee JH, Kim GW, Venkatesh J, Back S, Kwon JK, Choi DM, Kim JI, Kim GJ, Kang BC. Leaky mutations in the zeaxanthin epoxidase in Capsicum annuum result in bright-red fruit containing a high amount of zeaxanthin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:469-487. [PMID: 38180307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fruit color is one of the most important traits in peppers due to its esthetic value and nutritional benefits and is determined by carotenoid composition, resulting from diverse mutations of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. The EMS204 line, derived from an EMS mutant population, presents bright-red color, compared with the wild type Yuwolcho cultivar. HPLC analysis indicates that EMS204 fruit contains more zeaxanthin and less capsanthin and capsorubin than Yuwolcho. MutMap was used to reveal the color variation of EMS204 using an F3 population derived from a cross of EMS204 and Yuwolcho, and the locus was mapped to a 2.5-Mbp region on chromosome 2. Among the genes in the region, a missense mutation was found in ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) that results in an amino acid sequence alteration (V291 → I). A color complementation experiment with Escherichia coli and ZEP in vitro assay using thylakoid membranes revealed decreased enzymatic activity of EMS204 ZEP. Analysis of endogenous plant hormones revealed a significant reduction in abscisic acid content in EMS204. Germination assays and salinity stress experiments corroborated the lower ABA levels in the seeds. Virus-induced gene silencing showed that ZEP silencing also results in bright-red fruit containing less capsanthin but more zeaxanthin than control. A germplasm survey of red color accessions revealed no similar carotenoid profiles to EMS204. However, a breeding line containing a ZEP mutation showed a very similar carotenoid profile to EMS204. Our results provide a novel breeding strategy to develop red pepper cultivars containing high zeaxanthin contents using ZEP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Jeong Jang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bong Jeong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Woo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungki Back
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Min Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jiang L, Peng Y, Kim KH, Jeon D, Choe H, Han AR, Kim CY, Lee J. Jeongeuplla avenae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel β-carotene-producing bacterium that alleviates salinity stress in Arabidopsis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265308. [PMID: 38125566 PMCID: PMC10731981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel endophytic bacterium, designated DY-R2A-6T, was isolated from oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds and found to produces β-carotene. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DY-R2A-6T had 96.3% similarity with Jiella aquimaris LZB041T, 96.0% similarity with Aurantimonas aggregate R14M6T and Aureimonas frigidaquae JCM 14755T, and less than 95.8% similarity with other genera in the family Aurantimonadaceae. The complete genome of strain DY-R2A-6T comprised 5,929,370 base pairs, consisting of one full chromosome (5,909,198 bp) and one plasmid (20,172 bp), with a G + C content was 69.1%. The overall genome-related index (OGRI), including digital DNA-DNA hybridization (<20.5%), ANI (<79.2%), and AAI (<64.2%) values, all fell below the thresholds set for novel genera. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) of strain DY-R2A-6T were C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). Ubiquinone-10 was the main respiratory quinone. We identified the gene cluster responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis in the genome and found that the pink-pigment produced by strain DY-R2A-6T is β-carotene. In experiment with Arabidopsis seedlings, co-cultivation with strain DY-R2A-6T led to a 1.4-fold increase in plant biomass and chlorophyll content under salt stress conditions, demonstrating its capacity to enhance salt stress tolerance in plants. Moreover, external application of β-carotene to Arabidopsis seedlings under salt stress conditions also mitigated the stress significantly. Based on these findings, strain DY-R2A-6T is proposed to represent a novel genus and species in the family Aurantimonadaceae, named Jeongeuplla avenae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is DY-R2A-6T (= KCTC 82985T = GDMCC 1.3014T). This study not only identified a new taxon but also utilized genome analysis to predict and confirm the production of β-carotene by strain DY-R2A-6T. It also demonstrated the ability of this strain to enhance salt stress tolerance in plants, suggesting potential application in agriculture to mitigate environmental stress in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Jiang
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxin Peng
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Jeon
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choe
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Wang J, Pang Q, Yan X. Analysis of N 6-methyladenosine reveals a new important mechanism regulating the salt tolerance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111794. [PMID: 37459955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor in crop growth and development. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an essential epigenetic modification that regulates plant-environment interaction. Sugar beet is a major sugar-yielding crop that has a certain tolerance to salt, but the dynamic response elicited by the m6A modification of transcripts under salt stress remains unknown. In this study, sugar beet was exposed to 300 mM NaCl to investigate its physiological response to high salinity and transcriptome-wide m6A modification profile. After the salt treatment, 7737 significantly modified m6A sites and 4981 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among the 312 m6A-modified DEGs, 113 hypomethylated DEGs were up-regulated and 99 hypermethylated DEGs were down-regulated, indicating a negative correlation between m6A modification and gene expression. Well-known salt tolerance genes (e.g., sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1, choline monooxygenase, and nucleoredoxin 2) and phospholipid signaling pathway genes (phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase C, phospholipase D, diacylglycerol kinase 1, etc.) were also among the m6A-modified genes. Further analysis showed that m6A modification may regulate salt-tolerant related gene expression by controlling mRNA stability. Therefore, changes in m6A modification may negatively regulate the expression of the salt-resistant genes in sugar beet, at least in part by modulating the stability of the mRNA via demethylase BvAlkbh10B. These findings could provide a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in sugar beets and uncover new candidate genes for improving the production of sugar beets planted in high-salinity soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China; Post-doctoral Research Stations, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Post-doctoral Research Stations, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Zhong-Xin Street, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Chang CY, Yang SX, Zhang MQ, Guo YT, Li XM, Yan Y, Ding CH, Niu KX, Wang ML, Li QQ, Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen S, Xie C, Ni Z, Sun Q, Gou JY. Suppression of ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE 1 restricts stripe rust growth in wheat. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100608. [PMID: 37101397 PMCID: PMC10504589 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reducing losses caused by pathogens is an effective strategy for stabilizing crop yields. Daunting challenges remain in cloning and characterizing genes that inhibit stripe rust, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). We found that suppression of wheat zeaxanthin epoxidase 1 (ZEP1) increased wheat defense against Pst. We isolated the yellow rust slower 1 (yrs1) mutant of tetraploid wheat in which a premature stop mutation in ZEP1-B underpins the phenotype. Genetic analyses revealed increased H2O2 accumulation in zep1 mutants and demonstrated a correlation between ZEP1 dysfunction and slower Pst growth in wheat. Moreover, wheat kinase START 1.1 (WKS1.1, Yr36) bound, phosphorylated, and suppressed the biochemical activity of ZEP1. A rare natural allele in the hexaploid wheat ZEP1-B promoter reduced its transcription and Pst growth. Our study thus identified a novel suppressor of Pst, characterized its mechanism of action, and revealed beneficial variants for wheat disease control. This work opens the door to stacking wheat ZEP1 variants with other known Pst resistance genes in future breeding programs to enhance wheat tolerance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shu-Xian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yue-Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ci-Hang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke-Xin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng-Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin-Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shisheng Chen
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin-Ying Gou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Liu J, Wang H, Su M, Li Q, Xu H, Song J, Li C, Li Q. A Transcription Factor SlNAC4 Gene of Suaeda liaotungensis Enhances Salt and Drought Tolerance through Regulating ABA Synthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2951. [PMID: 37631162 PMCID: PMC10459557 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors are ubiquitously distributed in plants and play critical roles in the construction of plant organs and abiotic stress response. In this study, we described the cloning of a Suaeda liaotungensis K. NAC transcription factor gene SlNAC4, which contained 1450 bp, coding a 331 amino acid. We found that SlNAC4 was highly expressed in stems of S. liaotungensis, and the expression of SlNAC4 was considerably up-regulated after salt, drought, and ABA treatments. Transcription analysis and subcellular localization demonstrated that the SlNAC4 protein was located both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and contained a C-terminal transcriptional activator. The SlNAC4 overexpression Arabidopsis lines significantly enhanced the tolerance to salt and drought treatment and displayed obviously increased activity of antioxidant enzymes under salt and drought stress. Additionally, transgenic plants overexpressing SlNAC4 had a significantly higher level of physiological indices. Interestingly, SlNAC4 promoted the expression of ABA metabolism-related genes including AtABA1, AtABA3, AtNCED3, AtAAO3, but inhibited the expression of AtCYP707A3 in overexpression lines. Using a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, we identified that the SlNAC4 transcription factor could bind to the promoters of those ABA metabolism-related genes. These results indicate that overexpression of SlNAC4 in plants enhances the tolerance to salt and drought stress by regulating ABA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
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8
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Wang Q. The role of forkhead-associated (FHA)-domain proteins in plant biology. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:455-472. [PMID: 36849846 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, a well-characterized small protein module that mediates protein-protein interactions by targeting motifs containing phosphothreonine, is present in many regulatory molecules like protein kinase, phosphatases, transcription factors, and other functional proteins. FHA-domain containing proteins in yeast and human are involved in a large variety of cellular processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, or pre-mRNA processing. Since the first FHA-domain protein, kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP) was found in plants, the interest in plant FHA-containing proteins has increased dramatically, mainly due to the important role of FHA domain-containing proteins in plant growth and development. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of FHA domain-containing proteins in plants, and systematically summarized and analyzed the research progress of proteins containing the FHA domain in plants. We also emphasized that AT5G47790 and its homologs may play an important role as the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Wang
- Institute of Future Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tran NT, Jokic L, Keller J, Geier JU, Kaldenhoff R. Impacts of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa)-Evidence for RF-EMF Interference with Plant Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1082. [PMID: 36903942 PMCID: PMC10005510 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of wireless technology causes a significant exposure increase for all living organisms to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). This comprises bacteria, animals, and also plants. Unfortunately, our understanding of how RF-EMF influences plants and plant physiology remains inadequate. In this study, we examined the effects of RF-EMF radiation on lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) in both indoor and outdoor environments using the frequency ranges of 1890-1900 MHz (DECT) at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz (Wi-Fi). Under greenhouse conditions, RF-EMF exposure had only a minor impact on fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and no effect on plant flowering time. In contrast, lettuce plants exposed to RF-EMF in the field showed a significant and systemic decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and accelerated flowering time compared to the control groups. Gene expression analysis revealed significant down-regulation of two stress-related genes in RF-EMF-exposed plants: violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). RF-EMF-exposed plants had lower Photosystem II's maximal photochemical quantum yield (FV/FM) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) than control plants under light stress conditions. In summary, our results imply that RF-EMF might interfere with plant stress responses and reduced plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Trung Tran
- Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Luca Jokic
- Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Jiang L, Seo J, Peng Y, Jeon D, Lee JH, Kim CY, Lee J. A nostoxanthin-producing bacterium, Sphingomonas nostoxanthinifaciens sp. nov., alleviates the salt stress of Arabidopsis seedlings by scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1101150. [PMID: 36846770 PMCID: PMC9950776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel, nostoxanthin-producing, endophytic bacterium, designated as AK-PDB1-5T, was isolated from the needle-like leaves of the Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) collected from Mt. Halla in Jeju, South Korea. A 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the closest phylogenetic neighbors were Sphingomonas crusticola MIMD3T (95.6%) and Sphingomonas jatrophae S5-249T (95.3%) of the family Sphingomonadaceae. Strain AK-PDB1-5T had a genome size of 4,298,284 bp with a 67.8% G + C content, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization and OrthoANI values with the most closely related species of only 19.5-21% and 75.1-76.8%, respectively. Cells of the strain AK-PDB1-5T were Gram-negative, short rods, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth occurred at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0) in the absence of NaCl at 4-37°C (optimum 25-30°C). Strain AK-PDB1-5T contained C14:0 2OH, C16:0 and summed feature 8 as the major cellular fatty acids (> 10%), while sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids and lipids were found to be the major polar lipids. The strain produces a yellow carotenoid pigment; natural products prediction via AntiSMASH tool found zeaxanthin biosynthesis clusters in the entire genome. Biophysical characterization by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and ESI-MS studies confirmed the yellow pigment was nostoxanthin. In addition, strain AK-PDB1-5T was found significantly promote Arabidopsis seedling growth under salt conditions by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis results, strain AK-PDB1-5T was determined to be a novel species in the genus Sphingomonas with the proposed name Sphingomonas nostoxanthinifaciens sp. nov. The type strain is AK-PDB1-5T (= KCTC 82822T = CCTCC AB 2021150T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Jiang
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Seo
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxin Peng
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Jeon
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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Nowicka B. Modifications of Phytohormone Metabolism Aimed at Stimulation of Plant Growth, Improving Their Productivity and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3430. [PMID: 36559545 PMCID: PMC9781743 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing human population, the increase in crop yield is an important challenge for modern agriculture. As abiotic and biotic stresses cause severe losses in agriculture, it is also crucial to obtain varieties that are more tolerant to these factors. In the past, traditional breeding methods were used to obtain new varieties displaying demanded traits. Nowadays, genetic engineering is another available tool. An important direction of the research on genetically modified plants concerns the modification of phytohormone metabolism. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art research concerning the modulation of phytohormone content aimed at the stimulation of plant growth and the improvement of stress tolerance. It aims to provide a useful basis for developing new strategies for crop yield improvement by genetic engineering of phytohormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Ma D, Cai J, Ma Q, Wang W, Zhao L, Li J, Su L. Comparative time-course transcriptome analysis of two contrasting alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) genotypes reveals tolerance mechanisms to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1070846. [PMID: 36570949 PMCID: PMC9773191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and crop yield. For the successful cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a key legume forage, in saline-affected areas, it's essential to explore genetic modifications to improve salt-tolerance.Transcriptome assay of two comparative alfalfa genotypes, Adina and Zhaodong, following a 4 h and 8 h's 300 mM NaCl treatment was conducted in this study in order to investigate the molecular mechanism in alfalfa under salt stress conditions. Results showed that we obtained 875,023,571 transcripts and 662,765,594 unigenes were abtained from the sequenced libraries, and 520,091 assembled unigenes were annotated in at least one database. Among them, we identified 1,636 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in Adina, of which 1,426 were up-regulated and 210 down-regulated, and 1,295 DEGs in Zhaodong, of which 565 were up-regulated and 730 down-regulated. GO annotations and KEGG pathway enrichments of the DEGs based on RNA-seq data indicated that DEGs were involved in (1) ion and membrane homeostasis, including ABC transporter, CLC, NCX, and NHX; (2) Ca2+ sensing and transduction, including BK channel, EF-hand domain, and calmodulin binding protein; (3) phytohormone signaling and regulation, including TPR, FBP, LRR, and PP2C; (4) transcription factors, including zinc finger proteins, YABBY, and SBP-box; (5) antioxidation process, including GST, PYROX, and ALDH; (6) post-translational modification, including UCH, ubiquitin family, GT, MT and SOT. The functional roles of DEGs could explain the variations in salt tolerance performance observed between the two alfalfa genotypes Adina and Zhaodong. Our study widens the understanding of the sophisticated molecular response and tolerance mechanism to salt stress, providing novel insights on candidate genes and pathways for genetic modification involved in salt stress adaptation in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinjun Cai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiaoli Ma
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lina Su
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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13
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Cui Y, Ouyang S, Zhao Y, Tie L, Shao C, Duan H. Plant responses to high temperature and drought: A bibliometrics analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052660. [PMID: 36438139 PMCID: PMC9681914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is expected to further increase the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as high temperature/heat waves as well as drought in the future. Thus, how plant responds to high temperature and drought has become a key research topic. In this study, we extracted data from Web of Science Core Collections database, and synthesized plant responses to high temperature and drought based on bibliometric methods using software of R and VOSviewer. The results showed that a stabilized increasing trend of the publications (1199 papers) was found during the period of 2008 to 2014, and then showed a rapid increase (2583 papers) from year 2015 to 2021. Secondly, the top five dominant research fields of plant responses to high temperature and drought were Plant Science, Agroforestry Science, Environmental Science, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, respectively. The largest amount of published article has been found in the Frontiers in Plant Science journal, which has the highest global total citations and H-index. We also found that the journal of Plant Physiology has the highest local citations. From the most cited papers and references, the most important research focus was the improvement of crop yield and vegetation stress resistance. Furthermore, "drought" has been the most prominent keyword over the last 14 years, and more attention has been paid to "climate change" over the last 5 years. Under future climate change, how to regulate growth and development of food crops subjected to high temperature and drought stress may become a hotspot, and increasing research is critical to provide more insights into plant responses to high temperature and drought by linking plant above-below ground components. To summarize, this research will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the past, present, and future research on plant responses to high temperature and drought.
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Jiang X, Yu A, Zhang F, Yang T, Wang C, Gao T, Yang Q, Yu LX, Wang Z, Kang J. Identification of QTL and candidate genes associated with biomass yield and Feed Quality in response to water deficit in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) using linkage mapping and RNA-Seq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996672. [PMID: 36325545 PMCID: PMC9619099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass yield and Feed Quality are the most important traits in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which directly affect its economic value. Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors affecting alfalfa production worldwide. However, the genetic and especially the molecular mechanisms for drought tolerance in alfalfa are poorly understood. In this study, linkage mapping was performed in an F1 population by combining 12 phenotypic data (biomass yield, plant height, and 10 Feed Quality-related traits). A total of 48 significant QTLs were identified on the high-density genetic linkage maps that were constructed in our previous study. Among them, nine main QTLs, which explained more than 10% phenotypic variance, were detected for biomass yield (one), plant height (one), CP (two), ASH (one), P (two), K(one), and Mg (one). A total of 31 candidate genes were identified in the nine main QTL intervals based on the RNA-seq analysis under the drought condition. Blast-P was further performed to screen candidate genes controlling drought tolerance, and 22 functional protein candidates were finally identified. The results of the present study will be useful for improving drought tolerance of alfalfa varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS), and provide promising candidates for further gene cloning and mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andong Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Xi Yu
- Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Teh KY, Loh SH, Aziz A, Takahashi K, Toda T, Wahid MEA, Cha TS. Transcriptome analysis of mangrove-isolated Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 reveals insights for vigorous growth and lipid accumulation through reduced salinity. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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16
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Cia Zeaxanthin Biosynthesis, OsZEP and OsVDE Regulate Striped Leaves Occurring in Response to Deep Transplanting of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158340. [PMID: 35955477 PMCID: PMC9369140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice leaf color mutant B03S was previously generated from the photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice line Efeng 1S, of which male sterility manifests by photoperiod and temperature but exhibits mainly temperature-sensitive characteristics. After these plants were deeply transplanted, the new leaves manifested typical zebra stripe patterns. Here, B03S was subjected to deep and shallow transplanting, shading with soil and aluminum foil, and control conditions in situ to determine the cause of the striped-leaf trait. The direct cause of striped leaves is the base of the leaf sheath being under darkness during deep transplanting, of which the critical shading range reached or exceeds 4 cm above the base. Moreover, typical striped leaves were analyzed based on the targeted metabolome method by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) combined with transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based verification to clarify the metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation involved. Carotenoids enter the xanthophyll cycle, and the metabolites that differentially accumulate in the striped leaves include zeaxanthin and its derivatives for photooxidative stress protection, driven by the upregulated expression of OsZEP. These findings improve the understanding of the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying the leaf color mutation in rice plants, enrich the theoretical foundation of the nonuniform leaf color phenomenon widely found in nature and highlight key advancements concerning rice production involving the transplanting of seedlings or direct broadcasting of seeds.
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Li J, Ma M, Sun Y, Lu P, Shi H, Guo Z, Zhu H. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Profiles Uncover Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931619. [PMID: 35755671 PMCID: PMC9218637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major limiting factor that affects crop production. Understanding of the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is critical for improving crop yield on saline land. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage crop, while its salt tolerance mechanisms are largely unknown. The physiological and transcriptomic responses in two contrasting salt tolerant cultivars to salinity stress were investigated in the present study. "Magnum Salt" showed higher salt tolerance than "Adrenalin," with higher relative germination rate, survival rate, biomass and K+/Na+ ratio after salt treatment. Activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GR, and proline concentrations were upregulated to higher levels in roots and shoots in Magnum Salt than in Adrenalin after salinity stress, except for no difference in GR activity in shoots, and lower levels of O2 ⋅- and H2O2 were accumulated in leaves. It was interesting to find that salinity caused a decrease in total unsaturated fatty acid in Adrenalin other than Magnum Salt, C18:2 was increased significantly after salinity in Magnum Salt, while it was unaltered in Adrenalin. High quality RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data was obtained from samples of Magnum Salt and Adrenalin at different time points (0, 2, and 26 h). Generally, "phagosome," "TCA cycle" and "oxidative phosphorylation" pathways were inhibited by salinity stress. Upregulated DEGs in Magnum Salt were specifically enriched in "fatty acid metabolism," "MAPK signaling" and "hormone signal transduction" pathways. The DEGs involved in ionic homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and fatty acid metabolism could partially explain the difference in salt tolerance between two cultivars. It is suggested that salt tolerance in alfalfa is associated with regulation of ionic homeostasis, antioxidative enzymes and fatty acid metabolism at both transcriptional and physiological level.
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18
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Integrative Comparative Assessment of Cold Acclimation in Evergreen and Deciduous Iris Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050977. [PMID: 35624841 PMCID: PMC9137773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold acclimation (CA) is a strategy which plants have evolved to increase freezing tolerance. Global climate change could obstruct CA and raise the probability of winter injury, especially for evergreens. Hence, understanding the regulatory mechanism of CA is crucial to improve freezing tolerance in evergreen plants. A comparative study on a pair of closely related evergreen and deciduous iris species in response to cold through CA was conducive to uncovering and complementing the knowledge of CA. We investigated morphological, physiological and biochemical changes, as well as the expression of associated genes in the functional leaves of both iris species from natural CA to deacclimation. Briefly, fast and strong CA in the evergreen iris might cause early expressions of BAM1, NCED3, GPX6, etc., which leads to strong enzyme activity of starch degradation, abscisic acid biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Additionally, genes belonging to the antioxidant system were mainly induced during deacclimation. These results suggest that interspecies differences in the leaf freezing tolerance of irises are associated with the rate and degree of CA, which activates multiple signaling networks with complex interactions and induces the transcription of cold-responsive genes. Moreover, the ICE–CBF–COR signaling cascade may integrate and initiate diverse cold-responsive pathways during CA of the evergreen iris. The findings of this study provide valuable insight to further research on CA mechanisms and implicate genes which could support breeding strategies in herbaceous perennials under climate changes.
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Chen Z, Guo Z, Niu J, Xu N, Sui X, Kareem HA, Hassan MU, Yan M, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Mi F, Kang J, Cui J, Wang Q. Phytotoxic effect and molecular mechanism induced by graphene towards alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133368. [PMID: 34933027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the widespread use of nanoparticles has been reported in various fields, the toxic mechanisms of molecular regulation involved in the alfalfa treated by nanomaterials is still in the preliminary research stage. In this study, Bara 310 SC (Bara, tolerant genotype) and Gold Empress (Gold, susceptible genotype) were used to investigate how the leaves of alfalfa interpret the physiological responses to graphene stress based on metabolome and transcriptome characterizations. Herein, graphene at different concentrations (0, 1% and 2%, w/w) were selected as the analytes. Physiological results showed antioxidant defence system and photosynthesis was significantly disturbed under high environmental concentration of graphene. With Ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS), 406 metabolites were detected and 62/13 and 110/58 metabolites significantly changed in the leaves of Gold/Bara under the 1% and 2%-graphene treatments (w/w), respectively. The most important metabolites which were accumulated under graphene stress includes amino acids, flavonoids, organic acids and sugars. Transcriptomic analysis reveals 1125 of core graphene-responsive genes in alfalfa that was robustly differently expressed in both genotypes. And differential expression genes (DEGs) potentially related to photosynthetic enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, amino acids metabolism, and sucrose and starch metabolic which finding was supported by the metabolome study. Gold was more disturbed by graphene stress at both transcriptional and metabolic levels, since more stress-responsive genes/metabolites were identified in Gold. A comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data highlights the important role of amino acid metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism pathways for graphene tolerance in alfalfa. Our study provide necessary information for better understanding the phytotoxicity molecular mechanism underlying nanomaterials tolerance of plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junpeng Niu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nan Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Sui
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Kareem
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mingke Yan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Jiuquan Daye Seed Industry Co. Ltd., Jiefang Road 325#, Suzhouqu, Jiuquan, 735000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhaolan Wang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fugui Mi
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jian Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Qin L, Li L. A Cys2His2 Zinc Finger Transcription Factor BpSZA1 Positively Modulates Salt Stress in Betula platyphylla. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823547. [PMID: 35693173 PMCID: PMC9174930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are widely involved in plant growth and abiotic stress responses, however, few of these proteins have been functionally characterized in tree species. In this study, we cloned and characterized the BpSZA1 gene encoding a C2H2-type ZFP from Betula platyphylla. BpSZA1 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus, with a transcription activation domain located at the N-terminus. BpSZA1 was predominantly expressed in stems and was induced by salt. We generated transgenic birch lines displaying overexpression (OE) or RNAi silencing (Ri) of BpSZA1 and exposed these along with wild-type birch seedlings to salinity. Phenotypic and physiological parameters such as superoxide dismutase, peroxisome, H2O2 content, proline content, water loss rate, and malondialdehyde content were examined. Overexpression of BpSZA1 in birch conferred increased salt tolerance. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and RNA-seq showed that BpSZA1 binds to the GAGA-motif in the promoter of downstream target genes including BpAPX1, BpAPX2, BpCAT, and Bp6PGDH to activate their transcription. BpSZA1 also participates in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, and the ABA/jasmonic acid pathway to enhance the salt stress of B. platyphylla.
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Transcriptome Profiling of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Leaves Reveals Key Cold-Responsive Genes, Transcription Factors, and Metabolic Pathways Regulating Cold Stress Tolerance at the Seedling Stage. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101638. [PMID: 34681032 PMCID: PMC8535276 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold tolerance is a complex trait that requires a critical perspective to understand its underpinning mechanism. To unravel the molecular framework underlying maize (Zea mays L.) cold stress tolerance, we conducted a comparative transcriptome profiling of 24 cold-tolerant and 22 cold-sensitive inbred lines affected by cold stress at the seedling stage. Using the RNA-seq method, we identified 2237 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely 1656 and 581 annotated and unannotated DEGs, respectively. Further analysis of the 1656 annotated DEGs mined out two critical sets of cold-responsive DEGs, namely 779 and 877 DEGs, which were significantly enhanced in the tolerant and sensitive lines, respectively. Functional analysis of the 1656 DEGs highlighted the enrichment of signaling, carotenoid, lipid metabolism, transcription factors (TFs), peroxisome, and amino acid metabolism. A total of 147 TFs belonging to 32 families, including MYB, ERF, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, MIKC MADS, and C2H2, were strongly altered by cold stress. Moreover, the tolerant lines’ 779 enhanced DEGs were predominantly associated with carotenoid, ABC transporter, glutathione, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. In comparison, the cold-sensitive lines’ 877 enhanced DEGs were significantly enriched for MAPK signaling, peroxisome, ribosome, and carbon metabolism pathways. The biggest proportion of the unannotated DEGs was implicated in the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Taken together, this study provides valuable insights that offer a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying maize response to cold stress at the seedling stage, thus opening up possibilities for a breeding program of maize tolerance to cold stress.
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Ma Q, Xu X, Wang W, Zhao L, Ma D, Xie Y. Comparative analysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedling transcriptomes reveals genotype-specific drought tolerance mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:203-214. [PMID: 34118683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main abiotic factors that affect alfalfa yield. The identification of genes that control this complex trait can provide important insights for alfalfa breeding. However, little is known about how alfalfa responds and adapts to drought stress, particularly in cultivars of differing drought tolerance. In this study, the drought-tolerant cultivar Dryland 'DT' and the drought-sensitive cultivar WL343HQ 'DS' were used to characterize leaf and root physiological responses and transcriptional changes in response to water deficit. Under drought stress, Dryland roots (DTR) showed more differentially expressed genes than WL343HQ roots (DSR), whereas WL343HQ leaves (DSL) showed more differentially expressed genes than Dryland leaves (DTL). Many of these genes were involved in stress-related pathways, carbohydrate metabolism, and lignin and wax biosynthesis, which may have improved the drought tolerance of alfalfa. We also observed that several genes related to ABA metabolism, root elongation, peroxidase activity, cell membrane stability, ubiquitination, and genetic processing responded to drought stress in alfalfa. We highlighted several candidate genes, including sucrose synthase, xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase, primary-amine oxidase, and alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase, for future studies on drought stress resistance in alfalfa and other plant species. In summary, our results reveal the unique drought adaptation and resistance characteristics of two alfalfa genotypes. These findings, which may be valuable for drought resistance breeding, warrant further gene functional analysis to augment currently available information and to clarify the drought stress regulatory mechanisms of alfalfa and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Ma
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Yingzhong Xie
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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23
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Salvi P, Manna M, Kaur H, Thakur T, Gandass N, Bhatt D, Muthamilarasan M. Phytohormone signaling and crosstalk in regulating drought stress response in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1305-1329. [PMID: 33751168 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are ubiquitously involved in plant biological processes and regulate cellular signaling pertaining to unheralded environmental cues, such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature and nutrient deprivation. The association of phytohormones to nearly all the fundamental biological processes epitomizes the phytohormone syndicate as a candidate target for consideration during engineering stress endurance in agronomically important crops. The drought stress response is essentially driven by phytohormones and their intricate network of crosstalk, which leads to transcriptional reprogramming. This review is focused on the pivotal role of phytohormones in water deficit responses, including their manipulation for mitigating the effect of the stressor. We have also discussed the inherent complexity of existing crosstalk accrued among them during the progression of drought stress, which instigates the tolerance response. Therefore, in this review, we have highlighted the role and regulatory aspects of various phytohormones, namely abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene and strigolactone, with emphasis on drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India.
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanika Thakur
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Nishu Gandass
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Deepesh Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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24
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Yu R, Wang G, Yu X, Li L, Li C, Song Y, Xu Z, Zhang J, Guan C. Assessing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) tolerance to salinity at seedling stage and screening of the salinity tolerance traits. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:664-674. [PMID: 33884732 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salt is among the most harmful agents that negatively influences crop yield. Alfalfa is an important perennial forage crop that exhibits wide cultivar variations in salt tolerance. Developing salt-tolerant alfalfa plants is a promising way to utilize salinized land. A comprehensive method was developed to achieve reliable and effective evaluation of alfalfa salt resistance. This included principal components, membership functions and cluster and stepwise regression analyses. These were used to analyse the salt tolerance coefficients of 14 traits and to evaluate 20 diverse alfalfa cultivars at the seedling stage. The various morphological root parameters of six alfalfa cultivars with contrasting salt tolerance were also tested by a scanning apparatus. According to the comprehensive evaluation value (D value), one highly salt-tolerant, two salt-tolerant, four moderately salt-tolerant and 13 salt-sensitive alfalfa cultivars were screened. A mathematical equation for the evaluation of alfalfa salt tolerance was established: D' = -0.126 + 0.667SFW + 0.377SDW + 1.089K+ /Na+ + 0.172SFW/RFW (R2 = 0.988; average forecast accuracy of 96.95%), where four indices were closely related to the salt tolerance: shoot fresh weight, ratio of shoot fresh weight to root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and ratio of K+ to Na+ in the shoot. We also found that SSA correlated strongly with SFW, SDW, K+ /Na+ , D values, while SRV correlated obviously with SFW, SFW/RFW and D values after 150 mm NaCl treatment. In conclusion, the SFW, K+ /Na+ , SDW, SFW/RFW, SSA and SRV could be used as indicators of salt tolerance in alfalfa seedlings grown under 150 mm NaCl treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - G Wang
- Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - L Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - C Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Song
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Z Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
- Purple pasture Co., Ltd, Wuhe, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - C Guan
- Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan, Shandong, China
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25
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Chen Z, Wang Q. Graphene ameliorates saline-alkaline stress-induced damage and improves growth and tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:128-138. [PMID: 33836467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience is leading to the production of nanotech applications to enhance growth and environmental stress tolerance of plants. However, there are few studies on the morphological and physiological regulative mechanism of coupling effects between graphene (Nano-C) and pH in alfalfa, especially both in promotion and phytotoxicity effect by Nano-C under abiotic stress. The coupling effects of Nano-C and pH on plant growth, photosynthetic parameters and enzymes of the antioxidant defence system on leaves and roots were investigated at graphene concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g kg-1 in pots trials. The result showed a significantly promoted the plant growth at treatment of 5 g kg-1 Nano-C, whereas 10-20 g kg-1 Nano-C harmed the physiological and morphological characterizations. Under salt and alkali stresses, the dry weight, fresh weight, seedling length and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased significantly at 5 g kg-1 Nano-C treatment. These findings revealed that 5 g kg-1 Nano-C enhanced alfalfa tolerance by modulating various morphological and physiological characteristics. Meanwhile, through models analyses, the equivalent coupling effects of Nano-C and pH were located at rectangular area defined by 5.43-7.80 Nano-C combining 8.59-8.96 pH value, and the final optimal application of Nano-C was at 6.57 g kg-1 when high exposure dose of Nano-C indeed resulted in phytotoxicity to the plant. Results of the model analyses also showed significant synergistic effects on the photosynthesis and antioxidant system. Overall, our findings suggested fundamental insights into carbon nanomaterials-mediated physiological adaptation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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26
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Mubarik MS, Khan SH, Sajjad M, Raza A, Hafeez MB, Yasmeen T, Rizwan M, Ali S, Arif MS. A manipulative interplay between positive and negative regulators of phytohormones: A way forward for improving drought tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1269-1290. [PMID: 33421147 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among different abiotic stresses, drought stress is the leading cause of impaired plant growth and low productivity worldwide. It is therefore essential to understand the process of drought tolerance in plants and thus to enhance drought resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that phytohormones are essential signaling molecules that regulate diverse processes of plant growth and development under drought stress. Plants can often respond to drought stress through a cascade of phytohormones signaling as a means of plant growth regulation. Understanding biosynthesis pathways and regulatory crosstalk involved in these vital compounds could pave the way for improving plant drought tolerance while maintaining overall plant health. In recent years, the identification of phytohormones related key regulatory genes and their manipulation through state-of-the-art genome engineering tools have helped to improve drought tolerance plants. To date, several genes linked to phytohormones signaling networks, biosynthesis, and metabolism have been described as a promising contender for engineering drought tolerance. Recent advances in functional genomics have shown that enhanced expression of positive regulators involved in hormone biosynthesis could better equip plants against drought stress. Similarly, knocking down negative regulators of phytohormone biosynthesis can also be very effective to negate the negative effects of drought on plants. This review explained how manipulating positive and negative regulators of phytohormone signaling could be improvised to develop future crop varieties exhibiting higher drought tolerance. In addition, we also discuss the role of a promising genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9, on phytohormone mediated plant growth regulation for tackling drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Mubarik
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Habibullah Khan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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27
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Li Y, Jiao M, Li Y, Zhong Y, Li X, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang J. Penicillium chrysogenum polypeptide extract protects tobacco plants from tobacco mosaic virus infection through modulation of ABA biosynthesis and callose priming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3526-3539. [PMID: 33687058 PMCID: PMC8096601 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The polypeptide extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (PDMP) can protect tobacco plants from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), although the mechanism underlying PDMP-mediated TMV resistance remains unknown. In our study, we analysed a potential mechanism via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and found that the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway and β-1,3-glucanase, a callose-degrading enzyme, might play an important role in PDMP-induced priming of resistance to TMV. To test our hypothesis, we successfully generated a Nicotiana benthamiana ABA biosynthesis mutant and evaluated the role of the ABA pathway in PDMP-induced callose deposition during resistance to TMV infection. Our results suggested that PDMP can induce callose priming to defend against TMV movement. PDMP inhibited TMV movement by increasing callose deposition around plasmodesmata, but this phenomenon did not occur in the ABA biosynthesis mutant; moreover, these effects of PDMP on callose deposition could be rescued by treatment with exogenous ABA. Our results suggested that callose deposition around plasmodesmata in wild-type plants is mainly responsible for the restriction of TMV movement during the PDMP-induced defensive response to TMV infection, and that ABA biosynthesis apparently plays a crucial role in PDMP-induced callose priming for enhancing defence against TMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengting Jiao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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28
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Transcriptional profiling of two contrasting genotypes uncovers molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in alfalfa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5210. [PMID: 33664362 PMCID: PMC7933430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is an important forage crop that is moderately tolerant to salinity; however, little is known about its salt-tolerance mechanisms. We studied root and leaf transcriptomes of a salt-tolerant (G03) and a salt-sensitive (G09) genotype, irrigated with waters of low and high salinities. RNA sequencing led to 1.73 billion high-quality reads that were assembled into 418,480 unigenes; 35% of which were assigned to 57 Gene Ontology annotations. The unigenes were assigned to pathway databases for understanding high-level functions. The comparison of two genotypes suggested that the low salt tolerance index for transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of G03 compared to G09 may be due to its reduced salt uptake under salinity. The differences in shoot biomass between the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines were explained by their differential expressions of genes regulating shoot number. Differentially expressed genes involved in hormone-, calcium-, and redox-signaling, showed treatment- and genotype-specific differences and led to the identification of various candidate genes involved in salinity stress, which can be investigated further to improve salinity tolerance in alfalfa. Validation of RNA-seq results using qRT-PCR displayed a high level of consistency between the two experiments. This study provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating salt tolerance in alfalfa.
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29
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Metabolomics Intervention Towards Better Understanding of Plant Traits. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020346. [PMID: 33562333 PMCID: PMC7915772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the most economically important plant and crop species are enriched with the availability of high-quality reference genome sequences forming the basis of gene discovery which control the important biochemical pathways. The transcriptomics and proteomics resources have also been made available for many of these plant species that intensify the understanding at expression levels. However, still we lack integrated studies spanning genomics–transcriptomics–proteomics, connected to metabolomics, the most complicated phase in phenotype expression. Nevertheless, for the past few decades, emphasis has been more on metabolome which plays a crucial role in defining the phenotype (trait) during crop improvement. The emergence of modern high throughput metabolome analyzing platforms have accelerated the discovery of a wide variety of biochemical types of metabolites and new pathways, also helped in improving the understanding of known existing pathways. Pinpointing the causal gene(s) and elucidation of metabolic pathways are very important for development of improved lines with high precision in crop breeding. Along with other-omics sciences, metabolomics studies have helped in characterization and annotation of a new gene(s) function. Hereby, we summarize several areas in the field of crop development where metabolomics studies have made its remarkable impact. We also assess the recent research on metabolomics, together with other omics, contributing toward genetic engineering to target traits and key pathway(s).
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Zhang RX, Zhu WC, Cheng GX, Yu YN, Li QH, Haq SU, Said F, Gong ZH. A novel gene, CaATHB-12, negatively regulates fruit carotenoid content under cold stress in Capsicum annuum. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3729. [PMID: 33447178 PMCID: PMC7778427 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids, the secondary metabolites terpenoids, are the largest factors that form the fruit color. Similar to flavonoids, they are not only safe and natural colorants of fruits but also play a role as stress response biomolecules. METHODS To study the contribution of the key genes in carotenoids biosynthesis, fruit-color formation, and in response to cold stress, we characterized the key regulatory factor CaATHB-12 from the HD-ZIP I sub-gene family members in pepper. RESULTS Cold stress enhanced carotenoid accumulation as compared with the normal condition. CaATHB-12 silencing through virus-induced gene silencing changed the fruit color by regulating the carotenoid contents. CaATHB-12 silencing increased the antioxidant enzyme activities in the fruits of pepper, exposed to cold stress, whereas CaATHB-12 overexpression decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the transgenic Arabidopsis lines, exposed to cold stress, suggesting that CaATHB-12 is involved in the regulation of cold stress in the pepper fruits. CONCLUSION Our research will provide insights into the formation of fruit color in pepper and contribution of CaATHB-12 in response to cold stress. Further study should be focused on the interaction between CaATHB-12 and its target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhu
- Guizhou Institute of Pepper, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Hui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Saeed ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Fazal Said
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Paksitan
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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31
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Comparative transcriptome analysis implied a ZEP paralog was a key gene involved in carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20607. [PMID: 33244002 PMCID: PMC7693279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars are unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptome profiles of a yellow-fleshed cultivar, Beniharuka (BH) and two of its spontaneous white-fleshed mutants (WH2 and WH3) to reveal the genes involved in yellow flesh. As a result of RNA sequencing, a total of 185 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly detected in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH. Of these genes, 85 DEGs and 100 DEGs were commonly upregulated and downregulated in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH, respectively. g1103.t1, a paralog of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), was only DEG common to WH2 and WH3 among 38 genes considered to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots. The expression level of g1103.t1 was also considerably lower in five white-fleshed cultivars than in five yellow-fleshed cultivars. Analysis of carotenoid composition in the storage roots showed that the epoxidised carotenoids were drastically reduced in both WH2 and WH3. Therefore, we propose that the ZEP paralog, g1103.t1, may be involved in carotenoid accumulation through the epoxidation of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in sweetpotato.
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32
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Liu Y, Ye S, Yuan G, Ma X, Heng S, Yi B, Ma C, Shen J, Tu J, Fu T, Wen J. Gene silencing of BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP confers orange color in Brassica napus flowers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:932-949. [PMID: 32808386 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus is currently cultivated as an important ornamental crop in China. Flower color has attracted much attention in rapeseed genetics and breeding. Here, we characterize an orange-flowered mutant of B. napus that exhibits an altered carotenoid profile in its petals. As revealed by map-based cloning, the change in color from yellow to orange is attributed to the loss of BnaC09.ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) and a 1695-bp deletion in BnaA09.ZEP. HPLC analysis, genetic complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments demonstrated that BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP have similar functions, and the abolishment of both genes led to a substantial increase in lutein content and a sharp decline in violaxanthin content in petals but not leaves. BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP are predominantly expressed in floral tissues, whereas their homologs, BnaA07.ZEP and BnaC07.ZEP, mainly function in leaves, indicating redundancy and tissue-specific diversification of BnaZEP function. Transcriptome analysis in petals revealed differences in the expression of carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes between the mutant and its complementary lines. Flavonoid profiles in the petals of complementary lines were greatly altered compared to the mutant, indicating potential cross-talk between the regulatory networks underlying the carotenoid and flavonoid pathways. Additionally, our results indicate that there is functional compensation by BnaA07.ZEP and BnaC07.ZEP in the absence of BnaA09.ZEP and BnaC09.ZEP. Cloning and characterization of BnaZEPs provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying flower pigmentation in B. napus and would facilitate breeding of B. napus varieties with higher ornamental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenhua Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaigai Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangping Heng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Park SI, Kim JJ, Shin SY, Kim YS, Yoon HS. ASR Enhances Environmental Stress Tolerance and Improves Grain Yield by Modulating Stomatal Closure in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1752. [PMID: 32117337 PMCID: PMC7033646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are involved in responding to abiotic stresses, but their precise roles in enhancing grain yield under stress conditions remain to be determined. We cloned a rice (Oryza sativa) ASR gene, OsASR1, and characterized its function in rice plants. OsASR1 expression was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and drought treatments. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsASR1 displayed improved water regulation under salt and drought stresses, which was associated with osmolyte accumulation, improved modulation of stomatal closure, and reduced transpiration rates. OsASR1-overexpressing plants were hypersensitive to exogenous ABA and accumulated higher endogenous ABA levels under salt and drought stresses, indicating that OsASR1 is a positive regulator of the ABA signaling pathway. The growth of OsASR1-overexpressing plants was superior to that of wild-type (WT) plants under paddy field conditions when irrigation was withheld, likely due to improved modulation of stomatal closure via modified ABA signaling. The transgenic plants had higher grain yields than WT plants for four consecutive generations. We conclude that OsASR1 has a crucial role in ABA-mediated regulation of stomatal closure to conserve water under salt- and drought-stress conditions, and OsASR1 overexpression can enhance salinity and drought tolerance, resulting in improved crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Im Park
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Shin
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Burchardt S, Przywieczerski T. Molecular and Hormonal Aspects of Drought-Triggered Flower Shedding in Yellow Lupine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3731. [PMID: 31370140 PMCID: PMC6695997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The drought is a crucial environmental factor that determines yielding of many crop species, e.g., Fabaceae, which are a source of valuable proteins for food and feed. Herein, we focused on the events accompanying drought-induced activation of flower abscission zone (AZ)-the structure responsible for flower detachment and, consequently, determining seed production in Lupinus luteus. Therefore, detection of molecular markers regulating this process is an excellent tool in the development of improved drought-resistant cultivars to minimize yield loss. We applied physiological, molecular, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and chromatography methods for a comprehensive examination of changes evoked by drought in the AZ cells. This factor led to significant cellular changes and activated AZ, which consequently increased the flower abortion rate. Simultaneously, drought caused an accumulation of mRNA of genes inflorescence deficient in abscission-like (LlIDL), receptor-like protein kinase HSL (LlHSL), and mitogen-activated protein kinase6 (LlMPK6), encoding succeeding elements of AZ activation pathway. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase activity, and localization significantly changed which confirmed the appearance of stressful conditions and indicated modifications in the redox balance. Loss of water enhanced transcriptional activity of the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis pathways, which was manifested by elevated expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase (LlZEP), aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (LlACS), and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (LlACO) genes. Accordingly, both ABA and ET precursors were highly abundant in AZ cells. Our study provides information about several new potential markers of early response on water loss, which can help to elucidate the mechanisms that control plant response to drought, and gives a useful basis for breeders and agronomists to enhance tolerance of crops against the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Burchardt
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przywieczerski
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Liu YS, Geng JC, Sha XY, Zhao YX, Hu TM, Yang PZ. Effect of Rhizobium Symbiosis on Low-Temperature Tolerance and Antioxidant Response in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31114600 PMCID: PMC6503086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature-induced stress is a major environmental factor limiting the growth and development of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a legume well known for its tolerance of extreme environments. In this study, we sought to experimentally investigate the role of rhizobium symbiosis in alfalfa's performance under a low-temperature stress condition. To do this, alfalfa "Ladak+" plants carrying active nodules (AN), inactive nodules (IN), or no nodules (NN) were exposed to an imposed low temperature stress and their survivorship calculated. The antioxidant defense responses, the accumulation of osmotic regulation substances, the cell membrane damage, and the expression of low temperature stress-related genes were determined in both the roots and the shoots of alfalfa plants. We found that more plants with AN survived than those with IN or NN under the same low temperature-stress condition. Greater activity of oxidation protective enzymes was observed in the AN and IN groups, conferring higher tolerance to low temperature in these plants. In addition, rhizobia nodulation also enhanced alfalfa's ability to tolerate low temperature by altering the expression of regulatory and metabolism-associated genes, which resulted in the accumulation of soluble proteins and sugars in the nodulated plants. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that rhizobium inoculation offers a practical way to promote the persistence and growth potential of alfalfa "Ladak+" in cold areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xu-Yang Sha
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tian-Ming Hu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Yang X, Liu J, Xu J, Duan S, Wang Q, Li G, Jin L. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Effects of Drought Stress on Gene Expression in Diploid Potato Genotype P3-198. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040852. [PMID: 30781424 PMCID: PMC6413097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the three most important food crops worldwide; however, it is strongly affected by drought stress. The precise molecular mechanisms of drought stress response in potato are not very well understood. The diploid potato genotype P3-198 has been verified to be highly resistant to drought stress. Here, a time-course experiment was performed to identify drought resistance response genes in P3-198 under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress using RNA-sequencing. A total of 1665 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specifically identified, and based on gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the transcription factor activity, protein kinase activity, and the plant hormone signal transduction process were significantly enriched. Annotation revealed that these DEGs mainly encode transcription factors, protein kinases, and proteins related to redox regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, and osmotic adjustment. In particular, genes encoding abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent signaling molecules were significantly differentially expressed, which revealed the important roles of the ABA-dependent signaling pathway in the early response of P3-198 to drought stress. Quantitative real-time PCR experimental verification confirmed the differential expression of genes in the drought resistance signaling pathway. Our results provide valuable information for understanding potato drought-resistance mechanisms, and also enrich the gene resources available for drought-resistant potato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable, Jinan 250100, China.
- National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center/Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaoguang Duan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qianru Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Liping Jin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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Nowicka B, Ciura J, Szymańska R, Kruk J. Improving photosynthesis, plant productivity and abiotic stress tolerance - current trends and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:415-433. [PMID: 30412849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With unfavourable climate changes and an increasing global population, there is a great need for more productive and stress-tolerant crops. As traditional methods of crop improvement have probably reached their limits, a further increase in the productivity of crops is expected to be possible using genetic engineering. The number of potential genes and metabolic pathways, which when genetically modified could result in improved photosynthesis and biomass production, is multiple. Photosynthesis, as the only source of carbon required for the growth and development of plants, attracts much attention is this respect, especially the question concerning how to improve CO2 fixation and limit photorespiration. The most promising direction for increasing CO2 assimilation is implementating carbon concentrating mechanisms found in cyanobacteria and algae into crop plants, while hitherto performed experiments on improving the CO2 fixation versus oxygenation reaction catalyzed by Rubisco are less encouraging. On the other hand, introducing the C4 pathway into C3 plants is a very difficult challenge. Among other points of interest for increased biomass production is engineering of metabolic regulation, certain proteins, nucleic acids or phytohormones. In this respect, enhanced sucrose synthesis, assimilate translocation to sink organs and starch synthesis is crucial, as is genetic engineering of the phytohormone metabolism. As abiotic stress tolerance is one of the key factors determining crop productivity, extensive studies are being undertaken to develop transgenic plants characterized by elevated stress resistance. This can be accomplished due to elevated synthesis of antioxidants, osmoprotectants and protective proteins. Among other promising targets for the genetic engineering of plants with elevated stress resistance are transcription factors that play a key role in abiotic stress responses of plants. In this review, most of the approaches to improving the productivity of plants that are potentially promising and have already been undertaken are described. In addition to this, the limitations faced, potential challenges and possibilities regarding future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Li J, Zhao A, Yu M, Li Y, Liu X, Chen X. Function analysis of anthocyanidin synthase from Morus alba L. by expression in bacteria and tobacco. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Loss of Function in Zeaxanthin Epoxidase of Dunaliella tertiolecta Caused by a Single Amino Acid Mutation within the Substrate-Binding Site. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110418. [PMID: 30388729 PMCID: PMC6266236 DOI: 10.3390/md16110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The zea1 mutant of marine microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta accumulates zeaxanthin under normal growth conditions, and its phenotype has been speculated to be related to zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). In this study, we isolated the ZEP gene from both wild-type D. tertiolecta and the mutant. We found that the zea1 mutant has a point mutation of the 1337th nucleotide of the ZEP sequence (a change from guanine to adenine), resulting in a change of glycine to aspartate in a highly conserved region in the catalytic domain. Similar expression levels of ZEP mRNA and protein in both wild-type and zea1 were confirmed by using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme activity analysis of ZEPs in the presence of cofactors showed that the inactivation of ZEP in zea1 was not caused by deficiency in the levels of cofactors. From the predicted three-dimensional ZEP structure of zea1, we observed a conformational change on the substrate-binding site in the ZEP. A comparative analysis of the ZEP structures suggested that the conformational change induced by a single amino acid mutation might impact the interaction between the substrate and substrate-binding site, resulting in loss of zeaxanthin epoxidase function.
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Ciura J, Kruk J. Phytohormones as targets for improving plant productivity and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:32-40. [PMID: 30031159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the results of experiments that lead to altered levels of phytohormones in transgenic plants to improve plant productivity. The available data indicate that manipulating the level of phytohormones might also be a promising way to enhance the environmental stress tolerance of crop plants. In the regulation of the level of phytohormones, both biosynthesis and their catabolism pathways can be targeted for engineering purposes. Moreover, the signaling pathways of phytohormones should explored in this respect. In genetic modifications, conditional promoters must be developed to avoid undesired effects on growth. In order to find a practical application, the effects of genetic modifications should be further verified under field conditions and over a longer time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Yue C, Cao H, Hao X, Zeng J, Qian W, Guo Y, Ye N, Yang Y, Wang X. Differential expression of gibberellin- and abscisic acid-related genes implies their roles in the bud activity-dormancy transition of tea plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:425-441. [PMID: 29214380 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thirty genes involved in GA and ABA metabolism and signalling were identified, and the expression profiles indicated that they play crucial roles in the bud activity-dormancy transition in tea plants. Gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are fundamental phytohormones that extensively regulate plant growth and development, especially bud dormancy and sprouting transition in perennial plants. However, there is little information on GA- and ABA-related genes and their expression profiles during the activity-dormancy transition in tea plants. In the present study, 30 genes involved in the metabolism and signalling pathways of GA and ABA were first identified, and their expression patterns in different tissues were assessed. Further evaluation of the expression patterns of selected genes in response to GA3 and ABA application showed that CsGA3ox, CsGA20ox, CsGA2ox, CsZEP and CsNCED transcripts were differentially expressed after exogenous treatment. The expression profiles of the studied genes during winter dormancy and spring sprouting were investigated, and somewhat diverse expression patterns were found for GA- and ABA-related genes. This diversity was associated with the bud activity-dormancy cycle of tea plants. These results indicate that the genes involved in the metabolism and signalling of GA and ABA are important for regulating the bud activity-dormancy transition in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hongli Cao
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Center for Tea Improvement, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Lei Y, Xu Y, Hettenhausen C, Lu C, Shen G, Zhang C, Li J, Song J, Lin H, Wu J. Comparative analysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) leaf transcriptomes reveals genotype-specific salt tolerance mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:35. [PMID: 29448940 PMCID: PMC5815232 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinity is an important factor affecting growth, development, and productivity of almost all land plants, including the forage crop alfalfa (Medicago sativa). However, little is known about how alfalfa responds and adapts to salt stress, particularly among different salt-tolerant cultivars. RESULTS Among seven alfalfa cultivars, we found that Zhongmu-1 (ZM) is relatively salt-tolerant and Xingjiang Daye (XJ) is salt-sensitive. Compared to XJ, ZM showed slower growth under low-salt conditions, but exhibited stronger tolerance to salt stress. RNA-seq analysis revealed 2237 and 1125 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ZM and XJ in the presence and absence of salt stress, among which many genes are involved in stress-related pathways. After salt treatment, compared with the controls, the number of DEGs in XJ (19373) was about four times of that in ZM (4833). We also detected specific differential gene expression patterns: In response to salt stress, compared with XJ, ZM maintained relatively more stable expression levels of genes related to the ROS and Ca2+ pathways, phytohormone biosynthesis, and Na+/K+ transport. Notably, several salt resistance-associated genes always showed greater levels of expression in ZM than in XJ, including a transcription factor. Consistent with the suppression of plant growth resulting from salt stress, the expression of numerous photosynthesis- and growth hormone-related genes decreased more dramatically in XJ than in ZM. By contrast, the expression levels of photosynthetic genes were lower in ZM under low-salt conditions. CONCLUSIONS Compared with XJ, ZM is a salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivar possessing specific regulatory mechanisms conferring exceptional salt tolerance, likely by maintaining high transcript levels of abiotic and biotic stress resistance-related genes. Our results suggest that maintaining this specific physiological status and/or plant adaptation to salt stress most likely arises by inhibition of plant growth in ZM through plant hormone interactions. This study identifies new candidate genes that may regulate alfalfa tolerance to salt stress and increases the understanding of the genetic basis for salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000 China
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yuxing Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chengkai Lu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Guojing Shen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Ma X, Zhang B, Liu C, Tong B, Guan T, Xia D. Expression of a populus histone deacetylase gene 84KHDA903 in tobacco enhances drought tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 265:1-11. [PMID: 29223330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. However, functions of HDACs in woody plants are largely unknown. In this study, a novel gene encoding a RPD3/HDA1-type histone deacetylase was cloned from 84K poplar (Populus alba×Populus glandulosa) and designated as 84KHDA903. The 84KHDA903 encodes a protein composed of 500 amino acid residues, which contains a conserved HDAC domain. Transient expression of 84KHDA903 in onion epidermal cells suggested that it was exclusively localized in nucleus. The 84KHDA903 exhibited different expression patterns under drought, salt and ABA treatments. The expression of 84KHDA903 was responsive to drought and ABA but not to salt. To understand the function of 84KHDA903 in stress responses, the 84KHDA903 gene was transformed into tobacco. The expression of 84KHDA903 in tobacco increased the tolerance of transgenic seeds to mannitol but not to salt. In adult stage, the 84KHDA903-expressing tobacco exhibited drought tolerance and showed strong capacity to recover after drought. During the recovery period, the stress-responsive genes including NtDREB4, NtDREB3 and NtLEA5 were induced to be highly expressed in the 84KHDA903 transgenic plants in contrast to wild-type plants. Taken together, for the first time, we reported a RPD3/HDA1-type histone deacetylase from poplar, 84KHDA903, which acted as a positive regulator in drought stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Botong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dean Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Kalapos B, Novák A, Dobrev P, Vítámvás P, Marincs F, Galiba G, Vanková R. Effect of the Winter Wheat Cheyenne 5A Substituted Chromosome on Dynamics of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinins in Freezing-Sensitive Chinese Spring Genetic Background. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2033. [PMID: 29238355 PMCID: PMC5712565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of short- and long-term cold treatment on the abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CK) metabolism, and their main biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes were investigated in freezing-sensitive and freezing-tolerant wheat genotypes. Varieties Cheyenne and Chinese Spring substituted with the 5A Cheyenne chromosome, which represented freezing-tolerant genotypes, were compared with the freezing-sensitive Chinese Spring. Hormone levels and gene expression data indicated that the short- and long-term cold treatments are associated with specific regulation of the accumulation of cold-protective proteins and phytohormone levels, as well as the expression profiles of the hormone-related genes. The significant differences were observed between the genotypes, and between their leaf and crown tissues, too. The level of dehydrins, including WCS120 protein, and expression of WCS120 gene were considerably higher in the freezing-tolerant genotypes after 21 days of cold treatment. Expression of Cor14b and CBF14, cold-responsive regulator genes, was increased by cold treatment in all genotypes, to higher extent in freezing-tolerant genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed that the tolerant genotypes had a similar response to cold treatment, regarding expression of the ABA and CK metabolic genes, as well as hormone levels in leaves. As far as hormone levels in crowns are concerned, however, the strongly freezing-tolerant Cheyenne variety clustered separately from the Chinese Spring and the substitution line, which were more similar to each other after both 1 and 21 days of cold treatment than to Cheyenne. Based on these results we concluded that the 5A chromosome of wheat might have both a direct and an indirect impact on the phytohormone-dependent cold-induced freezing tolerance. Based on the gene expression data, novel genetic markers could be developed, which may be used to determine the freezing tolerance level in a wide range of wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kalapos
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Aliz Novák
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ferenc Marincs
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Radomira Vanková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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Lou Y, Sun H, Li L, Zhao H, Gao Z. Characterization and Primary Functional Analysis of a Bamboo ZEP Gene from Phyllostachys edulis. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:747-758. [PMID: 28686465 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) plays important roles in plant response to various environmental stresses by involving in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle. A full-length cDNA of PeZEP was isolated from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which comprised of a 138-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 381-bp 3'-UTR, and a 2013-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 670 amino acids. PeZEP was mainly expressed in leaf blades and leaf sheaths, and less in roots and culms. The transcript level of PeZEP in bamboo leaf was elevated with the increasing light intensity. PeZEP was significantly upregulated in response to high light (HL: 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and reached to a higher level after 1 h treatment, and kept higher levels in the following hours. Besides, PeZEP was upregulated under high temperature (42°C), and downregulated under low temperature (4°C) and exogenous ABA treatment. The expression vector of PeZEP driven by CaMV 35S was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants overexpressing PeZEP were generated and subjected to drought stress for morphological and physiological assays. Compared with Col-0, the transgenic plants demonstrated enhanced tolerance to drought stress, which appeared later wilting and higher survival rate. Moreover, higher value of Fv/Fm, higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and lower concentration of malondialdehyde were also observed in transgenic plants. Transcript levels of AtP5CS and AtRD29b related to drought stress were enhanced in transgenic plants. These results indicated that PeZEP might play an important function in response to drought stress in bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lou
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
- 2 Jiangxi Academy of Forestry , Nanchang, China
| | - Huayu Sun
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Li
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- 1 State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources , International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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Udawat P, Jha RK, Mishra A, Jha B. Overexpression of a Plasma Membrane-Localized SbSRP-Like Protein Enhances Salinity and Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:582. [PMID: 28473839 PMCID: PMC5397517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An obligate halophyte, Salicornia brachiata grows in salt marshes and is considered to be a potential resource of salt- and drought-responsive genes. It is important to develop an understanding of the mechanisms behind enhanced salt tolerance. To increase this understanding, a novel SbSRP gene was cloned, characterized, over-expressed, and functionally validated in the model plant Nicotiana tabacum. The genome of the halophyte S. brachiata contains two homologs of an intronless SbSRP gene of 1,262 bp in length that encodes for a stress-related protein. An in vivo localization study confirmed that SbSRP is localized on the plasma membrane. Transgenic tobacco plants (T1) that constitutively over-express the SbSRP gene showed improved salinity and osmotic stress tolerance. In comparison to Wild Type (WT) and Vector Control (VC) plants, transgenic lines showed elevated relative water and chlorophyll content, lower malondialdehyde content, lower electrolyte leakage and higher accumulation of proline, free amino acids, sugars, polyphenols, and starch under abiotic stress treatments. Furthermore, a lower build-up of H2O2 content and superoxide-radicals was found in transgenic lines compared to WT and VC plants under stress conditions. Transcript expression of Nt-APX (ascorbate peroxidase), Nt-CAT (catalase), Nt-SOD (superoxide dismutase), Nt-DREB (dehydration responsive element binding factor), and Nt-AP2 (apetala2) genes was higher in transgenic lines under stress compared to WT and VC plants. The results suggested that overexpression of membrane-localized SbSRP mitigates salt and osmotic stress in the transgenic tobacco plant. It was hypothesized that SbSRP can be a transporter protein to transmit the environmental stimuli downward through the plasma membrane. However, a detailed study is required to ascertain its exact role in the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism. Overall, SbSRP is a potential candidate to be used for engineering salt and osmotic tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpika Udawat
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh K. Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
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Liu Y, Yao D, Hu W, Duan H. Molecular cloning and characterization of ClZE, a zeaxanthin epoxidase gene in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1275803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Liu
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| | - Daxuan Yao
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Agricultural University of Hebei, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Baoding, PR China
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Liu Y, Huang W, Xian Z, Hu N, Lin D, Ren H, Chen J, Su D, Li Z. Overexpression of SlGRAS40 in Tomato Enhances Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Influences Auxin and Gibberellin Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1659. [PMID: 29018467 PMCID: PMC5622987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are major environmental factors that inhibit plant growth and development impacting crop productivity. GRAS transcription factors play critical and diverse roles in plant development and abiotic stress. In this study, SlGRAS40, a member of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GRAS family, was functionally characterized. In wild-type (WT) tomato, SlGRAS40 was upregulated by abiotic stress induced by treatment with D-mannitol, NaCl, or H2O2. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing SlGRAS40 (SlGRAS40-OE) were more tolerant of drought and salt stress than WT. SlGRAS40-OE plants displayed pleiotropic phenotypes reminiscent of those resulting from altered auxin and/or gibberellin signaling. A comparison of WT and SlGRAS40-OE transcriptomes showed that the expression of a large number of genes involved in hormone signaling and stress responses were modified. Our study of SlGRAS40 protein provides evidence of how another GRAS plays roles in resisting abiotic stress and regulating auxin and gibberellin signaling during vegetative and reproductive growth in tomato.
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Singh VK, Mishra A, Haque I, Jha B. A novel transcription factor-like gene SbSDR1 acts as a molecular switch and confers salt and osmotic endurance to transgenic tobacco. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31686. [PMID: 27550641 PMCID: PMC4994045 DOI: 10.1038/srep31686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A salt- and drought-responsive novel gene SbSDR1 is predominantly localised to the nucleus, up-regulated under abiotic stresses and is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes. SbSDR1 showed DNA-binding activity to genomic DNA, microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of host stress-responsive genes and the results suggest that SbSDR1 acts as a transcription factor. Overexpression of SbSDR1 did not affect the growth and yield of transgenic plants in non-stress conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of SbSDR1 stimulates the growth of plants and enhances their physiological status by modulating the physiology and inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species under salt and osmotic stress. Transgenic plants that overexpressed SbSDR1 had a higher relative water content, membrane integrity and concentration of proline and total soluble sugars, whereas they showed less electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation than wild type plants under stress conditions. In field conditions, SbSDR1 plants recovered from stress-induced injuries and could complete their life cycle. This study suggests that SbSDR1 functions as a molecular switch and contributes to salt and osmotic tolerance at different growth stages. Overall, SbSDR1 is a potential candidate to be used for engineering salt and drought tolerance in crops without adverse effects on growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Singh
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar (Gujarat), India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar (Gujarat), India
| | - Intesaful Haque
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar (Gujarat), India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar (Gujarat), India
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Moustafa K, Cross JM. Genetic Approaches to Study Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses: An Overview. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5020020. [PMID: 27196939 PMCID: PMC4929534 DOI: 10.3390/biology5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of gene expression levels is an important step toward elucidating gene functions temporally and spatially. Decades ago, typical studies were focusing on a few genes individually, whereas now researchers are able to examine whole genomes at once. The upgrade of throughput levels aided the introduction of systems biology approaches whereby cell functional networks can be scrutinized in their entireties to unravel potential functional interacting components. The birth of systems biology goes hand-in-hand with huge technological advancements and enables a fairly rapid detection of all transcripts in studied biological samples. Even so, earlier technologies that were restricted to probing single genes or a subset of genes still have their place in research laboratories. The objective here is to highlight key approaches used in gene expression analysis in plant responses to environmental stresses, or, more generally, any other condition of interest. Northern blots, RNase protection assays, and qPCR are described for their targeted detection of one or a few transcripts at a once. Differential display and serial analysis of gene expression represent non-targeted methods to evaluate expression changes of a significant number of gene transcripts. Finally, microarrays and RNA-seq (next-generation sequencing) contribute to the ultimate goal of identifying and quantifying all transcripts in a cell under conditions or stages of study. Recent examples of applications as well as principles, advantages, and drawbacks of each method are contrasted. We also suggest replacing the term “Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)” with another less confusing synonym such as “RNA-seq”, “high throughput sequencing”, or “massively parallel sequencing” to avoid confusion with any future sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moustafa
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris 75003, France.
| | - Joanna M Cross
- Faculty of Agriculture, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Turkey.
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