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Silverio JM, Scalon SDPQ, Santos CC, Linné JA, Dias ADS, Bernardes RDS, Dantas T. Water-Light Interaction and Its Effect on the Morphophysiology of Cedrela fissilis Vell. Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2654. [PMID: 39339629 PMCID: PMC11434871 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant responses to different light and water availability are variable among species and their respective phenotypic plasticity, and the combination between these two abiotic factors can alleviate or intensify stressful effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of exposure time of Cedrela fissilis Vell. seedlings to different water and light availability considering natural radiation variations and the interaction of these factors. Seedlings were submitted to combinations of three shading levels-SH (0, 30 and 70%) and three water regimes based on the water holding capacity (WHC) in the substrate, constituting nine cultivation conditions: T1-0% SH + 40% WHC; T2-0% SH + 70% WHC; T3-0% SH + 100% WHC; T4-30% SH + 40% WHC; T5-30% SH + 70% WHC; T6-30% SH + 100% WHC; T7-70% SH + 40% WHC; T8-70% SH + 70% WHC; T9-70% SH + 100% WHC. C. fissilis seedlings are sensitive to water deficit, here represented by 40% WHC, regardless of exposure time, and when cultivated in full sun even though there are variations in radiation, the stressful effects were enhanced, acting in a synergistic manner. The condition that provided better gas exchange performance and greater total dry mass accumulation for C. fissilis seedlings was 30% shading combined with 100% WHC. C. fissilis seedlings have physiological plasticity and resilience to survive under different water and light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Milene Silverio
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
| | - Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleberton Correia Santos
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aline Linné
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dos Santos Dias
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Bernardes
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
| | - Thaise Dantas
- Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Road Dourados-Itahum Km 1, Dourados 79804970, MS, Brazil
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Dubey S, Harbourne N, Harty M, Hurley D, Elliott-Kingston C. Microgreens Production: Exploiting Environmental and Cultural Factors for Enhanced Agronomical Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2631. [PMID: 39339608 PMCID: PMC11435253 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
An exponential growth in global population is expected to reach nine billion by 2050, demanding a 70% increase in agriculture productivity, thus illustrating the impact of global crop production on the environment and the importance of achieving greater agricultural yields. Globally, the variety of high-quality microgreens is increasing through indoor farming at both small and large scales. The major concept of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) seeks to provide an alternative to traditional agricultural cultivation. Microgreens have become popular in the twenty-first century as a food in the salad category that can fulfil some nutrient requirements. Microgreens are young seedlings that offer a wide spectrum of colours, flavours, and textures, and are characterised as a "functional food" due to their nutraceutical properties. Extensive research has shown that the nutrient profile of microgreens can be desirably tailored by preharvest cultivation and postharvest practices. This study provides new insight into two major categories, (i) environmental and (ii) cultural, responsible for microgreens' growth and aims to explore the various agronomical factors involved in microgreens production. In addition, the review summarises recent studies that show these factors have a significant influence on microgreens development and nutritional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Dubey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (N.H.); (M.H.); (D.H.); (C.E.-K.)
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3
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Maity T, Saxena A. Challenges and innovations in food and water availability for a sustainable Mars colonization. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 42:27-36. [PMID: 39067987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive research has been dedicated to Mars exploration and the potential for sustainable interplanetary human colonization. One of the significant challenges in ensuring the survival of life on Mars lies in the production of food as the Martian environment is highly inhospitable to agriculture, rendering it impractical to transport food from Earth. To improve the well-being and quality of life for future space travelers on Mars, it is crucial to develop innovative horticultural techniques and food processing technologies. The unique challenges posed by the Martian environment, such as the lack of oxygen, nutrient-deficient soil, thin atmosphere, low gravity, and cold, dry climate, necessitate the development of advanced farming strategies. This study explores existing knowledge and various technological innovations that can help overcome the constraints associated with food production and water extraction on Mars. The key lies in utilizing resources available on Mars through in-situ resource utilization. Water can be extracted from beneath the ice and from the Martian soil. Furthermore, hydroponics in controlled environment chambers, equipped with nutrient delivery systems and waste recovery mechanisms, have been investigated as a means of cultivating crops on Mars. The inefficiency of livestock production, which requires substantial amounts of water and land, highlights the need for alternative protein sources such as microbial protein, insects, and in-vitro meat. Moreover, the fields of synthetic biology and 3-D food printing hold immense potential in revolutionizing food production and making significant contributions to the sustainability of human life on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Maity
- O/o Director General - Life Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, SSPL Campus, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Alok Saxena
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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Bae HJ, Kim SH, Jeong Y, Park S, Ochar K, Hong Y, Seo YA, Ko B, Bae JH, Lee DS, Choi I. Optimal Planting Time for Summer Tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Cropping in Korea: Growth, Yield, and Photosynthetic Efficiency in a Semi-Closed Greenhouse. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2116. [PMID: 39124234 PMCID: PMC11314600 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In Korea, greenhouses are traditionally used for crop cultivation in the winter. However, due to diverse consumer demands, climate change, and advancements in agricultural technology, more farms are aiming for year-round production. Nonetheless, summer cropping poses challenges such as high temperatures, humidity from the monsoon season, and low light conditions, which make it difficult to grow crops. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best planting time for summer tomato cultivation in a Korean semi-closed greenhouse that can be both air-conditioned and heated. The experiment was conducted in the Advanced Digital Greenhouse, built by the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The tomato seedlings were planted in April, May, and June 2022. Growth parameters such as stem diameter, flowering position, stem growth rate, and leaf shape index were measured, and harvesting was carried out once or twice weekly per treatment from 65 days to 265 days after planting. The light use efficiency and yield per unit area at each planting time was measured. Tomatoes planted in April showed a maximum of 42.9% higher light use efficiency for fruit production and a maximum of 33.3% higher yield. Furthermore, the growth form of the crops was closest to the reproductive growth type. Therefore, among April, May, and June, April is considered the most suitable planting time for summer cultivation, which is expected to contribute to reducing labor costs due to decreased workload and increasing farm income through increased yields. Future research should explore optimizing greenhouse microclimates and developing crop varieties tailored for summer cultivation to further enhance productivity and sustainability in year-round agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jun Bae
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.B.); (Y.J.); (S.P.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.O.)
| | - Yuseok Jeong
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.B.); (Y.J.); (S.P.); (Y.H.)
| | - Sungjin Park
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.B.); (Y.J.); (S.P.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kingsley Ochar
- National Agrodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.O.)
| | - Youngsin Hong
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.B.); (Y.J.); (S.P.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yun Am Seo
- Department of Data Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Baul Ko
- Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jeong Hyang Bae
- Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Inchan Choi
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea; (H.J.B.); (Y.J.); (S.P.); (Y.H.)
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Bacelar E, Pinto T, Anjos R, Morais MC, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Impacts of Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies for Some Abiotic and Biotic Constraints Influencing Fruit Growth and Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1942. [PMID: 39065469 PMCID: PMC11280748 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Factors such as extreme temperatures, light radiation, and nutritional condition influence the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes associated with fruit development and its quality. Besides abiotic stresses, biotic constraints can also affect fruit growth and quality. Moreover, there can be interactions between stressful conditions. However, it is challenging to predict and generalize the risks of climate change scenarios on seasonal patterns of growth, development, yield, and quality of fruit species because their responses are often highly complex and involve changes at multiple levels. Advancements in genetic editing technologies hold great potential for the agricultural sector, particularly in enhancing fruit crop traits. These improvements can be tailored to meet consumer preferences, which is crucial for commercial success. Canopy management and innovative training systems are also key factors that contribute to maximizing yield efficiency and improving fruit quality, which are essential for the competitiveness of orchards. Moreover, the creation of habitats that support pollinators is a critical aspect of sustainable agriculture, as they play a significant role in the production of many crops, including fruits. Incorporating these strategies allows fruit growers to adapt to changing climate conditions, which is increasingly important for the stability of food production. By investing in these areas, fruit growers can stay ahead of challenges and opportunities in the industry, ultimately leading to increased success and profitability. In this review, we aim to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge on this important topic. We also provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Bacelar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Teresa Pinto
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Rosário Anjos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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He R, Ju J, Liu K, Song J, Zhang S, Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Liu H. Technology of plant factory for vegetable crop speed breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1414860. [PMID: 39055363 PMCID: PMC11269239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1414860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Sustaining crop production and food security are threatened by a burgeoning world population and adverse environmental conditions. Traditional breeding methods for vegetable crops are time-consuming, laborious, and untargeted, often taking several years to develop new and improved varieties. The challenges faced by a long breeding cycle need to be overcome. The speed breeding (SB) approach is broadly employed in crop breeding, which greatly shortens breeding cycles and facilities plant growth to obtain new, better-adapted crop varieties as quickly as possible. Potential opportunities are offered by SB in plant factories, where optimal photoperiod, light quality, light intensity, temperature, CO2 concentration, and nutrients are precisely manipulated to enhance the growth of horticultural vegetable crops, holding promise to surmount the long-standing problem of lengthy crop breeding cycles. Additionally, integrated with other breeding technologies, such as genome editing, genomic selection, and high-throughput genotyping, SB in plant factories has emerged as a smart and promising platform to hasten generation turnover and enhance the efficiency of breeding in vegetable crops. This review considers the pivotal opportunities and challenges of SB in plant factories, aiming to accelerate plant generation turnover and improve vegetable crops with precision and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Xu Z, Michalska M, Papakonstantinou I. Optimizing Horticulture Luminescent Solar Concentrators via Enhanced Diffuse Emission Enabled by Micro-Cone Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27587-27595. [PMID: 38748924 PMCID: PMC11145591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Optimizing the photon spectrum for photosynthesis concurrently with improving crop yields presents an efficient and sustainable pathway to alleviate global food shortages. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), consisting of transparent host matrices doped with fluorophores, show excellent promise to achieve the desired spectral tailoring. However, conventional LSCs are predominantly engineered for photon concentration, which results in a limited outcoupling efficiency of converted photons. Here, we introduce a scheme to implement LSCs into horticulture (HLSC) by enhancing light extraction. The symmetry of the device is disrupted by incorporating microcone arrays on the bottom surface to mitigate total internal reflection. Both Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations and experimental results have verified that the greatest enhancements in converted light extraction, relative to planar LSCs, are achieved using microcone arrays (base width 50 μm, aspect ratio 1.2) with extruded and protruded profiles (85.15 and 66.55% improvement, respectively). Angularly resolved transmission measurements show that the HLSC device exhibits a broad angular radiation distribution. This characteristic indicates that the HLSC device emits diffuse light, which is conducive to optimal plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Photonic
Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Martyna Michalska
- Manufacturing
Futures Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London E20 3BS, U.K.
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic
Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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Yu J, Yang Y, Luo L, Feng F, Saeed S, Luo J, Fang C, Zhou J, Li K. Photoperiod-Dependent Nutrient Accumulation in Rice Cultivated in Plant Factories: A Comparative Metabolomic Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1544. [PMID: 38790844 PMCID: PMC11121446 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant factories offer a promising solution to some of the challenges facing traditional agriculture, allowing for year-round rapid production of plant-derived foods. However, the effects of conditions in plant factories on metabolic nutrients remain to be explored. In this study, we used three rice accessions (KongYu131, HuangHuaZhan, and Kam Sweet Rice) as objectives, which were planted in a plant factory with strict photoperiods that are long-day (12 h light/12 h dark) or short-day (8 h light/16 h dark). A total of 438 metabolites were detected in the harvested rice grains. The difference in photoperiod leads to a different accumulation of metabolites in rice grains. Most metabolites accumulated significantly higher levels under the short-day condition than the long-day condition. Differentially accumulated metabolites were enriched in the amino acids and vitamin B6 pathway. Asparagine, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine are key metabolites that accumulate at higher levels in rice grains harvested from the short-day photoperiod. This study reveals the photoperiod-dependent metabolomic differences in rice cultivated in plant factories, especially the metabolic profiling of taste- and nutrition-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Yu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (C.F.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China;
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (C.F.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China;
| | - Lanjun Luo
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China;
| | - Fang Feng
- Wuhan Greenfafa Institute of Novel Genechip R&D Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Sana Saeed
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Chuanying Fang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Junjie Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (C.F.)
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (J.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (C.F.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China;
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Zhou C, Dong P, Gao P, Wang Z, Ning H, Xia M, Zhou Z. Phosphate phosphors with anti-thermal quenching properties for urban ecological lighting. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124102. [PMID: 38432102 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
White light-emitting diode (LED) for night lighting disrupts photoperiod in plants, which affects the plant's photosynthesis. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new type of white LED with little effect on plant photosynthesis. In this study, a series of phosphate phosphors Ca9NaY2/3(PO4)7:Dy3+ (CNYP:Dy3+) were synthesized. Cation Li+ substitute Na+ were used to improve the luminescence properties of CNYP:Dy3+ phosphor. The CNYP:Dy3+ phosphor exhibits visible white light emission with emission peaks at 480 nm (blue light) and 570 nm (yellow light) excited by the near ultraviolet light 350 nm. The optimal concentration of Dy3+ was 0.10 mol, and the mechanism of concentration quenching was evaluated as energy migration among the nearest or next-nearest Dy3+. The substitution of Na+ by Li+ of CNYP:0.10Dy3+ improves the internal quantum efficiency from 30.24 % to 59.05 %, and presents good near-zero thermal quenching performance at 423 K. To assess the suitability of this phosphor for urban ecological lighting, the spectrum resemblance (SR) index between the electroluminescence spectrum of the prepared pc-LED and the absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and b was evaluated as 6.63 % and 18.61 %, respectively. This work exhibits a feasible scheme for the development of urban ecological lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Peng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Peixin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zirui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Huifang Ning
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Mao Xia
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
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10
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Kulbat-Warycha K, Nawrocka J, Kozłowska L, Żyżelewicz D. Effect of Light Conditions, Trichoderma Fungi and Food Polymers on Growth and Profile of Biologically Active Compounds in Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4846. [PMID: 38732065 PMCID: PMC11084565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The research investigates the influence of different lighting conditions and soil treatments, in particular the application of food polymers separately and in combination with spores of Trichoderma consortium, on the growth and development of herbs-Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum. The metabolic analysis focuses on detecting changes in the levels of biologically active compounds such as chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds (including flavonoids), terpenoids, and volatile organic compounds with potential health-promoting properties. By investigating these factors, the study aims to provide insights into how environmental conditions affect the growth and chemical composition of selected plants and to shed light on potential strategies for optimising the cultivation of these herbs for the improved quality and production of bioactive compounds. Under the influence of additional lighting, the growth of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum seedlings was greatly accelerated, resulting in an increase in shoot biomass and length, and in the case of T. vulgaris, an increase in carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. Regarding secondary metabolites, the most pronounced changes were observed in total antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content, which increased significantly under the influence of additional lighting. The simultaneous or separate application of Trichoderma and food polymers resulted in an increase in flavonoid content in the leaves of both Thymus species. The increase in terpenoid content under supplemental light appears to be related to the presence of Trichoderma spores as well as food polymers added to the soil. However, the nature of these changes depends on the thyme species. Volatile compounds were analysed using an electronic nose (E-nose). Eight volatile compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified in the vapours of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum: α-pinene, myrcene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene; 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. Tendencies to increase the percentage of thymol and γ-terpinene under supplemental lighting were observed. The results also demonstrate a positive effect of food polymers and, to a lesser extent, Trichoderma fungi on the synthesis of VOCs with health-promoting properties. The effect of Trichoderma and food polymers on individual VOCs was positive in some cases for thymol and γ-terpinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulbat-Warycha
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10 St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Liliana Kozłowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Dorota Żyżelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10 St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Deng L, Bozdar B, Li J, Chachar S, Chachar Z, Jahan I, Talpur A, Gishkori MS, Hayat F, Tu P. Advancing horizons in vegetable cultivation: a journey from ageold practices to high-tech greenhouse cultivation-a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1357153. [PMID: 38685958 PMCID: PMC11057267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable cultivation stands as a pivotal element in the agricultural transformation illustrating a complex interplay between technological advancements, evolving environmental perspectives, and the growing global demand for food. This comprehensive review delves into the broad spectrum of developments in modern vegetable cultivation practices. Rooted in historical traditions, our exploration commences with conventional cultivation methods and traces the progression toward contemporary practices emphasizing the critical shifts that have refined techniques and outcomes. A significant focus is placed on the evolution of seed selection and quality assessment methods underlining the growing importance of seed treatments in enhancing both germination and plant growth. Transitioning from seeds to the soil, we investigate the transformative journey from traditional soil-based cultivation to the adoption of soilless cultures and the utilization of sustainable substrates like biochar and coir. The review also examines modern environmental controls highlighting the use of advanced greenhouse technologies and artificial intelligence in optimizing plant growth conditions. We underscore the increasing sophistication in water management strategies from advanced irrigation systems to intelligent moisture sensing. Additionally, this paper discusses the intricate aspects of precision fertilization, integrated pest management, and the expanding influence of plant growth regulators in vegetable cultivation. A special segment is dedicated to technological innovations, such as the integration of drones, robots, and state-of-the-art digital monitoring systems, in the cultivation process. While acknowledging these advancements, the review also realistically addresses the challenges and economic considerations involved in adopting cutting-edge technologies. In summary, this review not only provides a comprehensive guide to the current state of vegetable cultivation but also serves as a forward-looking reference emphasizing the critical role of continuous research and the anticipation of future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lansheng Deng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Itrat Jahan
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Talpur
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | | | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Malekzadeh MR, Roosta HR, Esmaeilizadeh M, Dabrowski P, Kalaji HM. Improving strawberry plant resilience to salinity and alkalinity through the use of diverse spectra of supplemental lighting. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38589797 PMCID: PMC11000407 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the impact of various light spectra on the photosynthetic performance of strawberry plants subjected to salinity, alkalinity, and combined salinity/alkalinity stress. We employed supplemental lighting through Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) with specific wavelengths: monochromatic blue (460 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm), dichromatic blue/red (1:3 ratio), and white/yellow (400-700 nm), all at an intensity of 200 µmol m-2 S-1. Additionally, a control group (ambient light) without LED treatment was included in the study. The tested experimental variants were: optimal growth conditions (control), alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO3), salinity (80 mM NaCl), and a combination of salinity/alkalinity. RESULTS The results revealed a notable decrease in photosynthetic efficiency under both salinity and alkalinity stresses, especially when these stresses were combined, in comparison to the no-stress condition. However, the application of supplemental lighting, particularly with the red and blue/red spectra, mitigated the adverse effects of stress. The imposed stress conditions had a detrimental impact on both gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. In contrast, treatments involving blue, red, and blue/red light exhibited a beneficial effect on photosynthetic efficiency compared to other lighting conditions. Further analysis of JIP-test parameters confirmed that these specific light treatments significantly ameliorated the stress impacts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the utilization of blue, red, and blue/red light spectra has the potential to enhance plant resilience in the face of salinity and alkalinity stresses. This discovery presents a promising strategy for cultivating plants in anticipation of future challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Malekzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718817111, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Roosta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Majid Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718817111, Kerman, Iran
| | - Piotr Dabrowski
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska str. 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Science, 159 Nowoursynowska St, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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Liu J, Ren Y, Sun Y, Yin Y, Han B, Zhang L, Song Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Fan D, Li J, Liu H, Ma C. Identification and Analysis of the MIR399 Gene Family in Grapevine Reveal Their Potential Functions in Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2979. [PMID: 38474225 PMCID: PMC10931670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MiR399 plays an important role in plant growth and development. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the evolutionary characteristics of the MIR399 gene family in grapevine and investigate its role in stress response. To comprehensively investigate the functions of miR399 in grapevine, nine members of the Vvi-MIR399 family were identified based on the genome, using a miRBase database search, located on four chromosomes (Chr 2, Chr 10, Chr 15, and Chr 16). The lengths of the Vvi-miR399 precursor sequences ranged from 82 to 122 nt and they formed stable stem-loop structures, indicating that they could produce microRNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, our results suggested that the 2 to 20 nt region of miR399 mature sequences were relatively conserved among family members. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Vvi-MIR399 members of dicots (Arabidopsis, tomato, and sweet orange) and monocots (rice and grapevine) could be divided into three clades, and most of the Vvi-MIR399s were closely related to sweet orange in dicots. Promoter analysis of Vvi-MIR399s showed that the majority of the predicted cis-elements were related to stress response. A total of 66.7% (6/9) of the Vvi-MIR399 promoters harbored drought, GA, and SA response elements, and 44.4% (4/9) of the Vvi-MIRR399 promoters also presented elements involved in ABA and MeJA response. The expression trend of Vvi-MIR399s was consistent in different tissues, with the lowest expression level in mature and young fruits and the highest expression level in stems and young leaves. However, nine Vvi-MIR399s and four target genes showed different expression patterns when exposed to low light, high light, heat, cold, drought, and salt stress. Interestingly, a putative target of Vvi-MIR399 targeted multiple genes; for example, seven Vvi-MIR399s simultaneously targeted VIT_213s0067g03280.1. Furthermore, overexpression of Vvi_MIR399e and Vvi_MIR399f in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to drought compared with wild-type (WT). In contrast, the survival rate of Vvi_MIR399d-overexpressed plants were zero after drought stress. In conclusion, Vvi-MIR399e and Vvi-MIR399f, which are related to drought tolerance in grapevine, provide candidate genes for future drought resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.L.)
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli 066600, China
| | - Yonggang Yin
- Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli 066600, China
| | - Bin Han
- Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli 066600, China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.L.)
| | - Yue Song
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huaifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.L.)
| | - Chao Ma
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Rehman M, Pan J, Mubeen S, Ma W, Luo D, Cao S, Saeed W, Jin G, Li R, Chen T, Chen P. Morpho-physio-biochemical, molecular, and phytoremedial responses of plants to red, blue, and green light: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20772-20791. [PMID: 38393568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Light is a basic requirement to drive carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. Spectral quality greatly affects plant morphology, physiology, and metabolism of various biochemical pathways. Among visible light spectrum, red, blue, and green light wavelengths affect several mechanisms to contribute in plant growth and productivity. In addition, supplementation of red, blue, or green light with other wavelengths showed vivid effects on the plant biology. However, response of plants differs in different species and growing conditions. This review article provides a detailed view and interpretation of existing knowledge and clarifies underlying mechanisms that how red, blue, and green light spectra affect plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters to make a significant contribution towards improved crop production, fruit quality, disease control, phytoremediation potential, and resource use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Rehman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wajid Saeed
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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15
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Bueno PMC, Vendrame WA. Wavelength and Light Intensity Affect Macro- and Micronutrient Uptake, Stomata Number, and Plant Morphology of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38337974 PMCID: PMC10857323 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
It is already known that light quality and intensity have major influences on the growth, etiolation, germination, and morphology of many plant species, but there is limited information about the effect of wavelength and light intensity on nutrient absorption by plants. Therefore, this study was established to evaluate the plant growth, stomata formation, chlorophyll index, and absorption of macro- and micronutrients by common bean plants under six light treatments. The experimental design was completely randomized and consisted of six treatments: strong blue (blue LED at high light intensity); weak blue (blue LED at low light intensity); strong red (red LED at high light intensity); weak red (red LED at low light intensity; pink (combined red + blue LED), and white (combined red + white led). The stomatal density (stomata mm-2); the SPAD index; plant height (cm); root length (cm); plant dry weight (g); root dry weight (g); and the concentrations of N, S, K, Mg, Ca, B, Zn, Mn, and Fe on leaf analysis were influenced by all treatments. We found that plant photomorphogenesis is controlled not only by the wavelength, but also by the light intensity. Etiolation was observed in bean plants under blue light at low intensity, but when the same wavelength had more intensity, the etiolation did not happen, and the plant height was the same as plants under multichromatic lights (pink and white light). The smallest plants showed the largest roots, some of the highest chlorophyll contents, and some of the highest stomatal densities, and consequently, the highest dry weight, under white LED, showing that the multichromatic light at high intensity resulted in better conditions for the plants in carbon fixation. The effect of blue light on plant morphology is intensity-dependent. Plants under multichromatic light tend to have lower concentrations of N, K, Mg, and Cu in their leaves, but the final amount of these nutrients absorbed is higher because of the higher dry weight of these plants. Plants under blue light at high intensity tended to have lower concentrations of N, Cu, B, and Zn when compared to the same wavelength at low intensity, and their dry weight was not different from plants grown under pink light. New studies are needed to understand how and on what occasions intense blue light can replace red light in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wagner A. Vendrame
- Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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16
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Paradiso R, Di Mola I, Ottaiano L, Cozzolino E, Pelosi ME, Rippa M, Mormile P, Mori M. Integrating Smart Greenhouse Cover, Reduced Nitrogen Dose and Biostimulant Application as a Strategy for Sustainable Cultivation of Cherry Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:440. [PMID: 38337973 PMCID: PMC10857004 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes are strongly influenced by light conditions and nitrogen (N) availability, however, the interaction between these factors is still unclear. We evaluated the effects on cherry tomatoes of two tunnel plastic covers with different optical properties and three N doses, also in combination with a biostimulant treatment. We compared a diffuse light film (Film1) and a conventional clear film (Film2), and three N levels, corresponding to 50% (N50), 75% (N75) and 100% (N100) of the optimal dose, with and without a microbial plus a protein hydrolysed biostimulant, compared to a non-treated control. The three experimental treatments significantly interacted on several yield and quality parameters. In control plants (untreated with biostimulants), the early yield was higher at reduced N doses compared to N100, with greater increments under the diffusive Film1 compared to the clear Film2 (+57.7% and +37.0% vs. +31.7% and +16.0%, in N50 and N75 respectively). Film1 boosted the total fruit production at all the N rates and with or without biostimulants, compared to Film2, with stronger effects under sub-optimal N (+29.4% in N50, +21.2% in N75, and +7.8% in N100, in plants untreated with biostimulant). Total yield decreased with decreasing N levels, while it always increased with the application of biostimulants, which counterbalanced the detrimental effects of N shortage. Quality traits were mainly affected by the cover film and the biostimulant treatment. The diffusive film increased the content of carotenoids, lycopene and total phenols compared to the clear one, and the biostimulants increased texture, soluble solids, phenols and ascorbic acid compared to the untreated control. It is worth noting that in plants fertilized at 75% of the reference N dose, the biostimulants determined higher yield than the N100 untreated control, under both the covers (+48% in Film1 and +20% in Film2). In conclusion, the diffusive film improved the fruit yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes in the spring-summer period, presumably avoiding plant stress due to high-intensity direct light. Reduced N rates limited the plant productivity, however, the biostimulant application was effective in compensating for the detrimental effects of sub-optimal supply of N synthetic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Ida Di Mola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucia Ottaiano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Eugenio Cozzolino
- Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Maria Eleonora Pelosi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Pasquale Mormile
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System, National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Mauro Mori
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.E.P.); (M.M.)
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Shah IH, Manzoor MA, Jinhui W, Li X, Hameed MK, Rehaman A, Li P, Zhang Y, Niu Q, Chang L. Comprehensive review: Effects of climate change and greenhouse gases emission relevance to environmental stress on horticultural crops and management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119978. [PMID: 38169258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change exerts a significant impact on sustainable horticultural crop production and quality. Rising Global temperatures have compelled the agricultural community to adjust planting and harvesting schedules, often necessitating earlier crop cultivation. Notably, climate change introduces a suite of ominous factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions (CGHs), including elevated temperature, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) ozone depletion (O3), and deforestation, all of which intensify environmental stresses on crops. Consequently, climate change stands poised to adversely affect crop yields and livestock production. Therefore, the primary objective of the review article is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted factors influencing horticulture production, encompassing fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops with a particular emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental stressors such as high temperature, drought, salinity, and emission of CO2. Additionally, this review will explore the implementation of novel horticultural crop varieties and greenhouse technology that can contribute to mitigating the adverse impact of climate change on agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wu Jinhui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xuyang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Muhammad Khalid Hameed
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Asad Rehaman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pengli Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qingliang Niu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Liying Chang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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18
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Orzechowska A, Szymańska R, Sarna M, Żądło A, Trtílek M, Kruk J. The interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and light can have dualistic effects on the physiological responses of plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13706-13721. [PMID: 38265580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to combined stress factors, i.e., titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNPs) and high light. The concentrations of TiNPs used for irrigation were 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL. This study shows that TiNPs alter the morphology and nanomechanical properties of chloroplasts in A. thaliana, which leads to a decrease in membrane elasticity. We found that TiNPs contributed to a delay in the thermal response of A. thaliana under dynamic light conditions, as revealed by non-invasive thermal imaging. The thermal time constants of TiNP-treated plants under excessive light are determined, showing a shortening in comparison to control plants. The results indicate that TiNPs may contribute to an alleviation of temperature stress experienced by plants under exposure to high light. In this research, we observed a decline in photosystem II photochemical efficiency accompanied by an increase in energy dissipation upon exposure to TiNPs. Interestingly, concentrations exceeding 250 µg/mL TiNPs appeared to mitigate the effects of high light, as shown by reduced differences in the values of specific OJIP parameters (FV/FM, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, and Pi_Abs) before and after light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Orzechowska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żądło
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 16, 31-530, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martin Trtílek
- Photon Systems Instruments, Průmyslova 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Wang Y, Jiang Z, Li W, Yang X, Li C, Cai D, Pan Y, Su W, Chen R. Supplementary Low Far-Red Light Promotes Proliferation and Photosynthetic Capacity of Blueberry In Vitro Plantlets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:688. [PMID: 38255762 PMCID: PMC10815622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Far-red light exerts an important regulatory influence on plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms underlying far-red light regulation of morphogenesis and photosynthetic characteristics in blueberry plantlets in vitro have remained elusive. Here, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on blueberry plantlets in vitro supplemented with far-red light. The results indicated that supplementation with low far-red light, such as 6 μmol m-2 s-1 and 14 μmol m-2 s-1 far-red (6FR and 14FR) light treatments, significantly increased proliferation-related indicators, including shoot length, shoot number, gibberellin A3, and trans-zeatin riboside content. It was found that 6FR and 14 FR significantly reduced chlorophyll content in blueberry plantlets but enhanced electron transport rates. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed the enrichment of iron ion-related genes in modules associated with photosynthesis. Genes such as NAC, ABCG11, GASA1, and Erf74 were significantly enriched within the proliferation-related module. Taken together, we conclude that low far-red light can promote the proliferative capacity of blueberry plantlets in vitro by affecting hormone pathways and the formation of secondary cell walls, concurrently regulating chlorophyll content and iron ion homeostasis to affect photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (C.L.); (D.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (C.L.); (D.C.); (Y.P.)
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Lu Y, Gong M, Li J, Ma J. Investigating the Effects of Full-Spectrum LED Lighting on Strawberry Traits Using Correlation Analysis and Time-Series Prediction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:149. [PMID: 38256703 PMCID: PMC11154507 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In crop cultivation, particularly in controlled environmental agriculture, light quality is one of the most critical factors affecting crop growth and harvest. Many scholars have studied the effects of light quality on strawberry traits, but they have used relatively simple light components and considered only a small number of light qualities and traits in each experiment, and the results were not complete or objective. In order to comprehensively investigate the effects of different light qualities from 350 nm to 1000 nm on strawberry traits to better predict the future growth trend of strawberries under different light qualities, we proposed a new approach. We introduced Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to handle complex light quality variations and multiple traits, preprocessed the cultivation data through the CEEDMAN method, and predicted them using the Informer network. We took 500 strawberry plants as samples and cultivated them in 72 groups of dynamically changing light qualities. Then, we recorded the growth changes and formed training and testing sets. Finally, we discussed the correlation between light quality and plant trait changes in consistency with current studies, and the proposed prediction model achieved the best performance in the prediction task of nine plant traits compared with the comparison models. Thus, the validity of the proposed method and model was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Lu
- Key Laboratory Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Mali Gong
- Key Laboratory Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Jing Li
- International Joint Research Center for Smart Agriculture and Water Security of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Bottiglione B, Villani A, Mastropasqua L, De Leonardis S, Paciolla C. Blue and Red LED Lights Differently Affect Growth Responses and Biochemical Parameters in Lentil ( Lens culinaris). BIOLOGY 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38248443 PMCID: PMC10813626 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes are an attractive tool for improving the yield and quality of plant products. This study investigated the effect of different light intensity and spectral composition on the growth, bioactive compound content, and antioxidant metabolism of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seedlings after 3 and 5 days of LED treatment. Two monochromatic light quality × three light intensity treatments were tested: red light (RL) and blue light (BL) at photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100, 300, and 500 μmol m-2 s-1. Both light quality and intensity did not affect germination. At both harvest times, the length of seedling growth under BL appeared to decrease, while RL stimulated the growth with an average increase of 26.7% and 62% compared to BL and seedlings grown in the darkness (D). A significant blue light effect was detected on ascorbate reduced form, with an average increase of 35% and 50% compared to RL-grown plantlets in the two days of harvesting, respectively. The content of chlorophyll and carotenoids largely varied according to the wavelength and intensity applied and the age of the seedlings. Lipid peroxidation increased with increasing light intensity in both treatments, and a strong H2O2 formation occurred in BL. These results suggest that red light can promote the elongation of lentil seedlings, while blue light enhances the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bottiglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Alessandra Villani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Linda Mastropasqua
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Silvana De Leonardis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Costantino Paciolla
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (B.B.); (L.M.); (S.D.L.)
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Ramezani M, Thompson D, Moreno M, Joshi V. Biochemical repercussions of light spectra on nitrogen metabolism in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) under a controlled environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1283730. [PMID: 38179482 PMCID: PMC10765523 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1283730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Selecting appropriate light spectra of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and optimal nutrient composition fertilizers has become integral to commercial controlled environment agriculture (CEA) platforms. Methods This study explored the impact of three LED light regimes (BR: Blue17%, Green 4%, Red 63%, Far-Red 13% and infrared 3%, BGR; Blue 20%, Green 23%, Red 47%, Far-Red 8% and infrared 2%; and GR; Blue 25%, Green 41%, Red 32%, and Far-Red 2%) and nitrogen levels (3.6 and 14.3 mM N) on spinach (Spinacea oleracea). Results Under limited nitrogen (3.6 mM), BGR light increased the fresh shoot (32%) and root (39%) biomass than BR, suggesting additional green light's impact on assimilating photosynthates under suboptimal nitrogen availability. Reduced chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), and higher oxalates under limited nitrogen availability highlighted the adverse effects of red light (BR) on spinach productivity. Increased activities of nitrogen-associated enzymes (GOGAT; Glutamate synthase, GDH; NADH-Glutamate dehydrogenase, NR; Nitrate reductase, and GS; Glutamine synthetase) in spinach plants under BGR light further validated the significance of green light in nitrogen assimilation. Amino acid distributions remained unchanged across the light spectra, although limited nitrogen availability significantly decreased the percent distribution of glutamine and aspartic acid. Conclusion Overall, this study demonstrated the favorable impacts of additional green light on spinach productivity, as demonstrated under BGR, than GR alone in response to nitrogen perturbation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these impacts still need to be unveiled. Nevertheless, these outcomes provided new insights into our understanding of light spectra on spinach nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazzameh Ramezani
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, United States
| | - Dalton Thompson
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, United States
| | - Matte Moreno
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, United States
| | - Vijay Joshi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX, United States
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Goswami A, Mitra A. Light spectra manipulation stimulates growth, specialized metabolites and nutritional quality in Anethum graveolens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 249:112812. [PMID: 37972447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) play a major role in manipulating light spectra that helps in regulating the growth and specialized metabolite synthesis relevant to the plant defence system. In this study, we assessed photosynthetic performance, phytonutrients, and anatomical variations of an aromatic herb Anethum graveolens (also known as dill), grown under various combinations of LED lights viz. red (100R:0B), red:blue (50R:50B); blue (0R:100B) and warm white (WW, served as control). Exposure to 0R:100B LED lights led to the tallest stem height, whereas, the number of leaves were highest under 50R:50B LED lights. The photosynthetic performance was observed to be highest under 50R:50B LED lights. HPLC analysis revealed chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid as the major phenolic compounds accumulated under different spectral irradiations. The highest chlorogenic acid content was observed in 50R:50B LED treated dill plants, while 100R:0B light showed the highest accumulation of rosmarinic acid. Dill plants grown under 50R:50B light displayed a relatively higher content of volatile compounds including, myristicin (phenylpropene), psi-limonene, and α-phellandrene (monoterpenoids). Expression analyses of candidate genes of phenylpropanoid and monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathways showed good correlations with the enhanced phenolic compounds and monoterpenes detected under appropriate light treatments. Further, the stem anatomy revealed higher vascularization under the influence of 0R:100B LED lights, whereas, intense histochemical localization of specialized metabolites could be correlated with enhanced accumulation of phenolic compounds and terpenoids observed in this study. Taken together, these studies suggest that proper combinations of blue and red spectra of light could play important role to augment the growth and phytochemical characteristics of dill, thus improving its value addition in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Goswami
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
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Zhang R, Yang W, Pan Q, Zeng Q, Yan C, Bai X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Li B. Effects of long-term blue light irradiation on carotenoid biosynthesis and antioxidant activities in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Food Res Int 2023; 174:113661. [PMID: 37981380 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the accumulation of indolic glucosinolates and carotenoids, as well as the plant growth and antioxidant activities in both orange and common Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Blue light treatment also induced higher ferric-reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl by 20.66 % and 30.82 % and antioxidant enzyme activities catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidant substances (total phenols and total flavonoids) in the orange Chinese cabbage. Furthermore, long-term exposure to blue light had negative effects on the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence levels. Meanwhile, blue light promoted accumulation of Indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (I3M), β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin due to the high expression of regulatory and biosynthetic genes of the above metabolic pathways. In particular, lycopene and β-carotene content in orange Chinese cabbage increased by 60.14 % and 65.33 % compared to the ones in common line. The accumulation of carotenoid and increasing antioxidant levels in the orange cabbage line was influenced by long-term blue light irradiation, leading to better tolerance to low temperature and drought stresses. The up-regulation of transcription factors such as BrHY5-2, BrPIF4 and BrMYB12 may also contribute to the increased tolerance in orange Chinese cabbage to extreme environmental stresses. The BrHY5-2 gene could activate carotenoid biosynthetic genes and induce the accumulation of carotenoids. These findings suggested that long-term blue light irradiation could be a promising technique for increasing the nutrition value and enhancing tolerance to low temperature and drought stresses in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chengtai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yao Liu
- Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Baohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Sun X, He J, Li C, Chen Y, Li R, Wang Z, Wu W, Li Y, Guo X, Wang X. Field investigation of non-uniform environment in a Venlo-type greenhouse in Yangling, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22143. [PMID: 38034636 PMCID: PMC10685296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-uniform environmental conditioning has established substantial energy-saving and conditioning effects in residential buildings, however, few studies on the technology applied in greenhouses have been conducted. Semi-enclosed greenhouse development is hindered by energy consumption. To better apply non-uniform environmental conditioning technology in greenhouses, it is necessary to investigate the non-uniform characteristics of field environment parameters. Therefore, spatial and temporal measurements of indoor temperature and relative humidity in a Venlo-type greenhouse in Yangling, China, were conducted on June 5-11, 2022. Temperature and humidity sensors were arranged in the greenhouse at 4.5 m intervals, in the canopy, cultivation, center, and root areas. Temperature and humidity measurement points on the greenhouse walls were selected. The measurement results showed large fluctuations in the indoor temperature and relative humidity over time. The difference between indoor and outdoor average temperatures ranged from -5-10 °C and temperatures unsuitable for tomato growth were identified, although some passive conditioning methods such as ventilation and water spraying were employed, which indicates the necessity of active heating and cooling. Based on the measured data, the nonuniformity coefficients of temperature and relative humidity in different directions in the greenhouse were calculated. A larger non-uniformity in the vertical direction was found compared to that in the horizontal direction. These results suggest the possibility of non-uniform environmental conditioning. A rough estimation of the energy consumption by the two different condition modes, namely zone-specific and overall conditioning, was made. A huge energy saving of 69.6 % by the zone-specific conditioning mode was revealed compared to the overall conditioning. This implies a huge advantage in energy efficiency by non-unform environmental conditioning technologies applied in greenhouses. The study provides useful data for understanding non-uniform environments in greenhouses and the application of non-uniform environmental conditioning technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Sun
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Engineering in Northwest Facilities, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
- Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinhong He
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chuanzhen Li
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yangda Chen
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Runjie Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuxin Guo
- College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi Province, China
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Paolillo I, Costanzo G, Delicato A, Villano F, Arena C, Calabrò V. Light Quality Potentiates the Antioxidant Properties of Brassica rapa Microgreen Extracts against Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1895. [PMID: 37891974 PMCID: PMC10604222 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds beneficial for contrasting oxidative stress, leading to many degenerative pathologies. Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa is well known for its nutraceutical properties among edible vegetable species. In our work, we aimed to explore an eco-friendly way to enhance the beneficial dietary phytochemicals in this vast world of crop-growing plants at selected light quality conditions. White broad-spectrum (W) and red-blue (RB) light regimes were used for growing brassica microgreens. The organic extracts were tested on keratinocytes upon oxidative stress to explore their capability to act as natural antioxidant cell protectors. Our results show that both W and RB extracts caused a notable reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by H2O2. Interestingly, according to its higher contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, the RB was more efficient in reducing ROS amount and DNA damage than the W extract, particularly at the lowest concentration tested. However, at higher concentrations (up to 100 μg/mL), the antioxidant effect reached a plateau, and there was little added benefit. These findings confirm that RB light effectively increases the antioxidant compounds in Brassica rapa L. microgreens, thus contributing to their enhanced activity against oxidative-induced genotoxicity compared to microgreens grown under W light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Paolillo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Delicato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Filippo Villano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
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Kudirka G, Viršilė A, Laužikė K, Sutulienė R, Samuolienė G. Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density Effects on Portulaca olearacea in Controlled-Environment Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3622. [PMID: 37896086 PMCID: PMC10609831 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the impacts of the lighting photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) cultivars to determine energy-efficient lighting strategies for CEA. Green and golden purslane cultivars were cultivated in CEA chambers and four experimental treatments consisting of PPFDs of 150, 200, 250, and 300 ± 10 µmol m-2s-1 were performed, representing daily light integrals (DLIs) of 8.64-17.28 mol m-2d-1 throughout a 16 h photoperiod. The results show that photoresponses to light PPFDs are cultivar-specific. The green cultivar accumulates 174% more dry weight at 300 PPFD compared to the golden cultivar, and also has a higher LUE, but a lower ETR. Dry weight accumulation, plant height, and leaf area dependence on light intensity do not highlight the economic significance of light PPFD/DLI. The derivative parameter (Δ fresh weight (%)/ΔDLI %) more efficiently explains how the percentage increase in DLI due to an increased PPFD affects the percentage of biomass gain between these PPFD treatments. For both cultivars, the relative fresh weight gain is maximal when the lighting PPFD increases from 200 to 250 µmol m-2s-1 and declines with PPFD increases from 250 to 300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Kudirka
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (K.L.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Akvilė Viršilė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (K.L.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
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28
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Zhan X, Yang Q, Wang S, Wang Y, Fan X, Bian Z. The Responses of Sucrose Metabolism and Carbon Translocation in Tomato Seedlings under Different Light Spectra. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15054. [PMID: 37894735 PMCID: PMC10606089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Light plays a dominant role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products. However, the metabolism and translocation of photosynthetic products in plants under different light spectra remain elusive. In this study, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were treated with different light spectra delivered by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density at 300 μmol m-2 s-1, including monochromatic red (660 nm, R), blue (450 nm, B), sun-like white (W, 380-780 nm), or a combination of R and B lights (R:B = 1:1, RB). Compared with W, the biomass distribution ratio for leaves under R, B, and RB decreased by 5.01-9.53%, while the ratio for stems and roots increased by 3.71-6.92% and 0.14-2.81%, respectively. The photosynthetic carbon distribution expressed as 13C enrichment was higher in stems and roots under RB and R, while B led to more 13C transported from leaves and enriched in stems when compared with W. Meanwhile, RB led to significant increases in the activities of phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), vacuolar acid invertase (VI), and neutral invertase (NI). The R was more efficient in increasing the activity of SPS and SS, while B was more effective in promoting the activity of VI and NI. The transcript levels of SPS, SS3, NI6, and VI were upregulated under R, B, and RB. However, the transcript patterns of SPS, SS3, NI6, and VI were not consistent with the changes in their encoded enzymes, especially the transcript patterns of SPS and SS3. Our study suggests that the red- and blue-light-induced long-distance and short-distance transport of photosynthetic products in plants, respectively, might result from different regulation of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes from transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhan
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qichang Yang
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Sen Wang
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Technology (Changjiang Delta), Institute of Agricultural Information, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhonghua Bian
- Photobiology Research Center, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China (Q.Y.); (Y.W.)
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Olanrewaju GO, Kruse CPS, Wyatt SE. Functional Meta-Analysis of the Proteomic Responses of Arabidopsis Seedlings to the Spaceflight Environment Reveals Multi-Dimensional Sources of Variability across Spaceflight Experiments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14425. [PMID: 37833871 PMCID: PMC10573023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human quest for sustainable habitation of extraterrestrial environments necessitates a robust understanding of life's adaptability to the unique conditions of spaceflight. This study provides a comprehensive proteomic dissection of the Arabidopsis plant's responses to the spaceflight environment through a meta-analysis of proteomics data from four separate spaceflight experiments conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) in different hardware configurations. Raw proteomics LC/MS spectra were analyzed for differential expression in MaxQuant and Perseus software. The analysis of dissimilarities among the datasets reveals the multidimensional nature of plant proteomic responses to spaceflight, impacted by variables such as spaceflight hardware, seedling age, lighting conditions, and proteomic quantification techniques. By contrasting datasets that varied in light exposure, we elucidated proteins involved in photomorphogenesis and skotomorphogenesis in plant spaceflight responses. Additionally, with data from an onboard 1 g control experiment, we isolated proteins that specifically respond to the microgravity environment and those that respond to other spaceflight conditions. This study identified proteins and associated metabolic pathways that are consistently impacted across the datasets. Notably, these shared proteins were associated with critical metabolic functions, including carbon metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid biosynthesis, underscoring their potential significance in Arabidopsis' spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and informing strategies for successful space farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbolaga O. Olanrewaju
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Colin P. S. Kruse
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Sarah E. Wyatt
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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30
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Amitrano C, Paglialunga G, Battistelli A, De Micco V, Del Bianco M, Liuzzi G, Moscatello S, Paradiso R, Proietti S, Rouphael Y, De Pascale S. Defining growth requirements of microgreens in space cultivation via biomass production, morpho-anatomical and nutritional traits analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1190945. [PMID: 37538067 PMCID: PMC10394706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
During long-term manned missions to the Moon or Mars, the integration of astronauts' diet with fresh food rich in functional compounds, like microgreens, could strengthen their physiological defenses against the oxidative stress induced by the exposure to space factors. Therefore, the development of targeted cultivation practices for microgreens in space is mandatory, since the cultivation in small, closed facilities may alter plant anatomy, physiology, and resource utilization with species-specific responses. Here, the combined effect of two vapor pressure deficit levels (VPD: 0.14 and 1.71 kPa) and two light intensities (150 and 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1 PPFD) on two species for microgreen production (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. sabauda 'Vertus' and Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus 'Saxa'), was tested on biomass production per square meter, morpho-anatomical development, nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Microgreens were grown in fully controlled conditions under air temperature of 18/24°C, on coconut fiber mats, RGB light spectrum and 12 h photoperiod, till they reached the stage of first true leaves. At this stage microgreens were samples, for growth and morpho-anatomical analyses, and to investigate the biochemical composition in terms of ascorbic acid, phenols, anthocyanin, carotenoids, carbohydrates, as well as of anti-nutritional compounds, such as nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate. Major differences in growth were mostly driven by the species with 'Saxa' always presenting the highest fresh and dry weight as well as the highest elongation; however light intensity and VPDs influenced the anatomical development of microgreens, and the accumulation of ascorbic acid, carbohydrates, nitrate, and phosphate. Both 'Saxa' and 'Vertus' at low VPD (LV) and 150 PPFD increased the tissue thickness and synthetized high β-carotene and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, 'Vertus' LV 150, produced the highest content of ascorbate, fundamental for nutritional properties in space environment. The differences among the treatments and their interaction suggested a relevant difference in resource use efficiency. In the light of the above, microgreens can be considered suitable for cultivation in limited-volume growth modules directly onboard, provided that all the environmental factors are combined and modulated according to the species requirements to enhance their growth and biomass production, and to achieve specific nutritional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amitrano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Paglialunga
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Greta Liuzzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
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31
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Ren M, Liu S, Tang C, Mao G, Gai P, Guo X, Zheng H, Tang Q. Photomorphogenesis and Photosynthetic Traits Changes in Rice Seedlings Responding to Red and Blue Light. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11333. [PMID: 37511093 PMCID: PMC10378807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of red and blue lights on the photomorphogenesis and photosynthetic traits of rice seedlings. The rice seedlings were cultured with red light (R), blue light (B), combined red and blue lights (R3B1/R1B1/R1B3), and white light (CK) as the control. The combined application of red and blue lights could promote the growth of rice seedlings to varying degrees; enhance photosynthesis by increasing the seedling leaf area, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence; improve root characteristics by increasing root number, root volume, and root activity; and thus increase the dry matter accumulation of rice seedlings. In addition, the combination of red and blue lights could regulate the expression of genes related to photosynthesis in rice leaves, affect the activity of the Rubisco enzyme, and then affect the photosynthesis of rice seedlings. These results indicate that red and blue lights have direct synergistic effects, which can regulate the growth of rice seedlings and promote the morphogenesis of rice seedlings. The combined application of red and blue lights can be used to supplement the light in rice-factory seedling raising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofei Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shanzhen Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengzhu Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guiling Mao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Panpan Gai
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huabin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiyuan Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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32
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Gavhane KP, Hasan M, Singh DK, Kumar SN, Sahoo RN, Alam W. Determination of optimal daily light integral (DLI) for indoor cultivation of iceberg lettuce in an indigenous vertical hydroponic system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10923. [PMID: 37407651 PMCID: PMC10322904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The indoor cultivation of lettuce in a vertical hydroponic system (VHS) under artificial lighting is an energy-intensive process incurring a high energy cost. This study determines the optimal daily light integral (DLI) as a function of photoperiod on the physiological, morphological, and nutritional parameters, as well as the resource use efficiency of iceberg lettuce (cv. Glendana) grown in an indoor VHS. Seedlings were grown in a photoperiod of 12 h, 16 h, and 20 h with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 µmol m-2 s-1 using white LED lights. The results obtained were compared with VHS without artificial lights inside the greenhouse. The DLI values for 12 h, 16 h, and 20 h were 8.64, 11.5, and 14.4 mol m-2 day-1, respectively. The shoot fresh weight at harvest increased from 275.5 to 393 g as the DLI increased from 8.64 to 11.5 mol m-2 day-1. DLI of 14.4 mol m-2 day-1 had a negative impact on fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area. The transition from VHS without artificial lights to VHS with artificial lights resulted in a 60% increase in fresh weight. Significantly higher water use efficiency of 71 g FW/L and energy use efficiency of 206.31 g FW/kWh were observed under a DLI of 11.5 mol m-2 day-1. The study recommends an optimal DLI of 11.5 mol m-2 day-1 for iceberg lettuce grown in an indoor vertical hydroponic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor P Gavhane
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Singh
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Soora Naresh Kumar
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rabi Narayan Sahoo
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Wasi Alam
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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33
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Ren M, Liu S, Mao G, Tang C, Gai P, Guo X, Zheng H, Wang W, Tang Q. Simultaneous Application of Red and Blue Light Regulate Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism, Induces Antioxidant Defense System and Promote Growth in Rice Seedlings under Low Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10706. [PMID: 37445882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of light quality on growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant defense system of rice seedlings. Six light conditions were employed, including white (W), red (R), blue (B), combined LED of R and B at 3:1 (R3B1), combined LED of R and B at 1:1 (R1B1), as well as combined LED of R and B at 1:3 (R1B3). Combined application of red light and blue light could promote the growth of rice seedling leaves and roots under low light stress to varying degrees, increase the photosynthetic area by increasing the leaf area, improve the root characteristics by increasing the root volume, and increase the dry matter accumulation of rice seedlings. In addition, the combination of red light and blue light could increase carbon and nitrogen metabolites in rice seedling leaves, regulate the expression of genes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism and enzyme activity, and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of rice seedlings. These results indicate that red light and blue light directly have synergistic effects which can regulate the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rice seedlings, promote the morphogenesis of rice seedlings under low light stress, and promote growth, which has never been reported in previous studies. This study is a new discovery in the application of light quality in crop production and provides new avenues to enhance crop stress resistance. However, further study is needed to explore the physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of light quality in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofei Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shanzhen Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guiling Mao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chengzhu Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Panpan Gai
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huabin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weiqin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiyuan Tang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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34
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Huang WT, Su TY, Chuang JH, Lu KM, Hu SF, Liu RS. Plant Growth Modeling and Response from Broadband Phosphor-Converted Lighting for Indoor Agriculture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37364173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid change in population, environment, and climate is accompanied by the food crisis. As a new type of farming, indoor agriculture opens the possibility of addressing this crisis in the future. In this study, a phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED), as energy-saving lighting for indoor agriculture, was used to evaluate the response and effect on the growth of Lactuca sativa. Red phosphors, SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ (SLA) and CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN), were characterized and analyzed with crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties. Eu2+-doped phosphors provided the red emission of around 650 nm which is highly matched with the absorption of chlorophyll. Under the same luminescence intensity, broader emission of CASN pc-LED demonstrated a 100% increase of photosynthetically active photon flux density and 130% promotion of plant weight than the SLA pc-LED, which reflected the positive result of the carbon fixation. The chlorophyll and nitrate responses have also revealed the effect of broader red light on indoor agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tse Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuang-Mao Lu
- Everlight Electronics Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 238, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Hu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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35
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Hammock HA, Sams CE. Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown 'Italian Large Leaf' basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184664. [PMID: 37434608 PMCID: PMC10332322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL) sources with an emphasis on variations in spectral quality. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios and discrete wavelengths on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italian Large Leaf). A natural light (NL) control and different broadband lighting sources were also evaluated to establish the impact of adding discrete and broadband supplements to the ambient solar spectrum. Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol.m-2.d-1 (100 µmol.m-2.s-1, 24 h.d-1) photon flux. The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 11.75 mol.m-2.d-1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol.m-2.d-1). Basil plants were harvested 45 d after seeding. Using GC-MS, we explored, identified, and quantified several important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with known influence on sensory perception and/or plant physiological processes of sweet basil. We found that the spectral quality from SL sources, in addition to changes in the spectra and DLI of ambient sunlight across growing seasons, directly influence basil aroma volatile concentrations. Further, we found that specific ratios of narrowband B/R wavelengths, combinations of discrete narrowband wavelengths, and broadband wavelengths directly and differentially influence the overall aroma profile as well as specific compounds. Based on the results of this study, we recommend supplemental 450 and 660 nm (± 20 nm) wavelengths at a ratio of approximately 10B/90R at 100-200 µmol.m-2.s-1, 12-24 h.d-1 for sweet basil grown under standard greenhouse conditions, with direct consideration of the natural solar spectrum and DLI provided for any given location and growing season. This experiment demonstrates the ability to use discrete narrowband wavelengths to augment the natural solar spectrum to provide an optimal light environment across variable growing seasons. Future experiments should investigate SL spectral quality for the optimization of sensory compounds in other high-value specialty crops.
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36
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Wu L, Song L, Cao L, Meng L. Alleviation of Shade Stress in Chinese Yew ( Taxus chinensis) Seedlings with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2333. [PMID: 37375957 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a novel regulator that can promote plant growth, nitrogen uptake, and abiotic stress tolerance. Its underlying mechanisms, however, have not been fully investigated. In this study, the effects of ALA on morphology, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, and secondary metabolites in two cultivars of 5-year-old Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) seedlings, 'Taihang' and 'Fujian', were examined under shade stress (30% light for 30 days) using different doses of ALA (0, 30, and 60 mg/L). The findings from our study show that shade stress significantly reduced plant height, stem thickness, and crown width and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, the application of 30 mg/L ALA effectively mitigated these effects, which further induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes under shade stress, resulting in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) being increased by 10%, 16.4%, and 42.1%, and 19.8%, 20.1%, and 42% in 'Taihang' and 'Fujian', respectively. It also promoted their role in the absorption, conversion, and efficient use of light energy. Additionally, the use of 30 mg/L ALA caused a significant increase in the concentration of secondary metabolites, including polysaccharide (PC), carotenoid (CR), and flavonoids (FA), with increases of up to 46.1%, 13.4%, and 35.6% and 33.5%, 7.5%, and 57.5% in both yew cultivars, respectively, contributing to nutrient uptake. With ALA treatment, the yew seedlings showed higher chlorophyll (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b) levels and photosynthesis rates than the seedlings that received the shade treatment alone. To conclude, the application of 30 mg/L ALA alleviated shade stress in yew seedlings by maintaining redox balance, protecting the photorespiratory system, and increasing organic metabolites, thus increasing the number of new branches and shoots and significantly promoting the growth of the seedlings. Spraying with ALA may be a sustainable strategy to improve the shade-resistant defense system of yew. As these findings increase our understanding of this shade stress response, they may have considerable implications for the domestication and cultivation of yew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Linlin Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lifan Cao
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Paper Mulberry Industry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 451451, China
| | - Li Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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37
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Seeburger P, Forsman H, Bevilacqua G, Marques TM, Morales LO, Prado SBR, Strid Å, Hyötyläinen T, Castro-Alves V. From farm to fork… and beyond! UV enhances Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of cruciferous vegetables in human intestinal cells upon colonic fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 426:136588. [PMID: 37352713 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
While the "farm to fork" strategy ticks many boxes in the sustainability agenda, it does not go far enough in addressing how we can improve crop nutraceutical quality. Here, we explored whether supplementary ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure during growth of broccoli and Chinese cabbage can induce bioactive tryptophan- and glucosinolate-specific metabolite accumulation thereby enhancing Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in human intestinal cells. By combining metabolomics analysis of both plant extracts and in vitro human colonic fermentation extracts with AhR reporter cell assay, we reveal that human colonic fermentation of UVB-exposed Chinese cabbage led to enhanced AhR activation in human intestinal cells by 23% compared to plants grown without supplementary UV. Thus, by exploring aspects beyond "from farm to fork", our study highlights a new strategy to enhance nutraceutical quality of Brassicaceae, while also providing new insights into the effects of cruciferous vegetables on human intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Seeburger
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - H Forsman
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - G Bevilacqua
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden; School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 501 34 Florence, Italy
| | - T M Marques
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden
| | - L O Morales
- Life Science Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - S B R Prado
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Å Strid
- Life Science Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - T Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - V Castro-Alves
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
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38
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Wu ZW, Liu MH, Sun CX, Wang XF. A dataset of tomato fruits images for object detection in the complex lighting environment of plant factories. Data Brief 2023; 48:109291. [PMID: 37383732 PMCID: PMC10294037 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant factories are an advanced form of facility agriculture that enable efficient plant cultivation through controllable environmental conditions, making them highly suitable for the automation and intelligent application of machinery. Tomato cultivation in plant factories has significant economic and agricultural value and can be utilized for various applications such as seedling cultivation, breeding, and genetic engineering. However, manual completion is still required for operations such as detection, counting, and classification of tomato fruits, and the application of machine detection is currently inefficient. Furthermore, research on the automation of tomato harvesting in plant factory environments is limited due to the lack of a suitable dataset. To address this issue, a tomato fruit dataset was constructed for plant factory environments, named as TomatoPlantfactoryDataset, which can be quickly applied to multiple tasks, including the detection of control systems, harvesting robots, yield estimation, and rapid classification and statistics. This dataset features a micro tomato variety and was captured under different artificial lighting conditions, including changes in tomato fruit, complex lighting environment changes, distance changes, occlusion, and blurring. By facilitating the intelligent application of plant factories and the widespread adoption of tomato planting machinery, this dataset can contribute to the detection of intelligent control systems, operation robots, and fruit maturity and yield estimation. The dataset is publicly available for free and can be utilized for research and communication purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-wei Wu
- School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ming-hao Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cheng-xiu Sun
- School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou Electric Power Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-fa Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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39
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Trivellini A, Toscano S, Romano D, Ferrante A. The Role of Blue and Red Light in the Orchestration of Secondary Metabolites, Nutrient Transport and Plant Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2026. [PMID: 37653943 PMCID: PMC10223693 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Light is a fundamental environmental parameter for plant growth and development because it provides an energy source for carbon fixation during photosynthesis and regulates many other physiological processes through its signaling. In indoor horticultural cultivation systems, sole-source light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great potential for optimizing growth and producing high-quality products. Light is also a regulator of flowering, acting on phytochromes and inducing or inhibiting photoperiodic plants. Plants respond to light quality through several light receptors that can absorb light at different wavelengths. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the role of blue and red light in the modulation of important plant quality traits, nutrient absorption and assimilation, as well as secondary metabolites, and includes the dynamic signaling networks that are orchestrated by blue and red wavelengths with a focus on transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, plant productivity, and the nutritional quality of products. Moreover, it highlights future lines of research that should increase our knowledge to develop tailored light recipes to shape the plant characteristics and the nutritional and nutraceutical value of horticultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Department of Science Veterinary, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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40
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Heidari Z, Noruzi P, Rezapour-Fard J, Jabbarzadeh Z. Different LED light spectra's and nano-chelated potassium affect the quality traits of Dolce Vita cut roses in soilless culture condition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6769. [PMID: 37185995 PMCID: PMC10130164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Roses are classified as neutral day plants, but high light and cool temperatures produce high quality flowers in roses. As light quantity, the light quality and its special spectra can affect the flower yield and quality. This research aimed to study of the effect of LED light (control (sunlight), blue and red spectra's) and nano-chelated potassium at three levels (0, 1.5 and 3 g/l) on some morphophysiological and biochemical traits of Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce Vita. Light and nano-chelated potassium treatments have a significant effect on most traits measured in the present study. According to the results, the use of red light and nano-chelated potassium in rose cultivation improved the quality characteristics and increased vase life. The highest fresh and dry weight of flowering branch and plant height was observed in red light treatment and the concentration of 3 g/l nano-chelated potassium. Biochemical parameters such as phenolic compounds, leaf and petal flavonoids, petal anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity and vase life were also significantly increased under red light and with the concentration of 3 g/l nano-chelated potassium compared to the control. In general, it can be said that the use of red light and a concentration of 3 g/l nano-chelated potassium, can be effective in improving the quality of rose flowers, especially in low light condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box: 165-5715944931, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parviz Noruzi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box: 165-5715944931, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Javad Rezapour-Fard
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box: 165-5715944931, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box: 165-5715944931, Urmia, Iran
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41
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Trivellini A, Toscano S, Romano D, Ferrante A. LED Lighting to Produce High-Quality Ornamental Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1667. [PMID: 37111890 PMCID: PMC10144751 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility of LED technology, in terms of energy efficiency, robustness, compactness, long lifetime, and low heat emission, as well as its applications as a sole source or supplemental lighting system, offers interesting potential, giving the ornamental industry an edge over traditional production practices. Light is a fundamental environmental factor that provides energy for plants through photosynthesis, but it also acts as a signal and coordinates multifaceted plant-growth and development processes. With manipulations of light quality affecting specific plant traits such as flowering, plant architecture, and pigmentation, the focus has been placed on the ability to precisely manage the light growing environment, proving to be an effective tool to produce tailored plants according to market request. Applying lighting technology grants growers several productive advantages, such as planned production (early flowering, continuous production, and predictable yield), improved plant habitus (rooting and height), regulated leaf and flower color, and overall improved quality attributes of commodities. Potential LED benefits to the floriculture industry are not limited to the aesthetic and economic value of the product obtained; LED technology also represents a solid, sustainable option for reducing agrochemical (plant-growth regulators and pesticides) and energy inputs (power energy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Department of Science Veterinary, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Kim D, Ra I, Son JE. Fruit quality and volatile compounds of greenhouse sweet peppers as affected by the LED spectrum of supplementary interlighting. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2593-2601. [PMID: 36624038 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal low light intensity and short photoperiods lead to decreased yield, size, and quality of fruits in the Northern Hemisphere. Recently, supplemental lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been introduced to overcome such problems. However, most studies have focused on plant growth or fruit yield but not on taste. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and volatile compounds of greenhouse sweet pepper fruits under three different lighting conditions: natural light only (NL), NL with red/blue interlighting (RB), and NL with red/blue/far-red interlighting (RBFR). RESULTS The size, color, firmness, and soluble sugar concentration of the sweet pepper fruit were investigated, and sensory evaluation was conducted by nine trained panelists. Individual fruit fresh weights were higher in the order of RBFR, NL, and RB, with mean values of 219.1, 201.7, and 197.4 g, respectively. Additionally, the composition of volatile compounds demonstrated a distinct clustering pattern by light treatment, implying that the LED interlighting spectra affected the overall taste of sweet pepper fruits. Sensory evaluation indicated that sweetness was higher in the order of RBFR, RB, and NL, with values of 5.28, 4.36, and 3.72, respectively. The soluble sugar results showed the same order as that for the sensory evaluation of sweetness, i.e., RBFR, RB, and NL, with values of 5071, 4647, and 3978 μg -1 fresh weight, respectively. CONCLUSION Adding far-red to RB interlighting could improve the fruit quality attributes, fruit taste perception, and soluble sugars of sweet peppers compared to those under RB or solely NL. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpil Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseok Ra
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Voutsinos-Frantzis O, Karavidas I, Petropoulos D, Zioviris G, Fortis D, Ntanasi T, Ropokis A, Karkanis A, Sabatino L, Savvas D, Ntatsi G. Effects of NaCl and CaCl 2 as Eustress Factors on Growth, Yield, and Mineral Composition of Hydroponically Grown Valerianella locusta. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 37050080 PMCID: PMC10097257 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Corn salad (Valerianella locusta) is a popular winter salad, cultivated as an ingredient for ready-to-eat salads. The application of mild salinity stress (eustress) can increase the flavor and reduce the nitrate content of certain crops but, at the same time, a wrong choice of the eustress type and dose can negatively affect the overall productivity. In this research, the effects of different isosmotic salt solutions, corresponding to two different electrical conductivity (EC) levels, were investigated on the yield and mineral composition of hydroponically grown Valerianella locusta "Elixir". Five nutrient solutions (NS) were compared, including a basic NS used as the control, and four saline NS were obtained by adding to the basic NS either NaCl or CaCl2 at two rates each, corresponding to two isosmotic salt levels at a low and high EC level. Corn salad proved moderately susceptible to long-term salinity stress, suffering growth losses at both low and high EC levels of saline solution, except from the low NaCl treatment. Hence, it appears that mild salinity stress induced by NaCl could be employed as an eustress solution and corn salad could be cultivated with low-quality irrigation water (20 mM NaCl) in hydroponic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orfeas Voutsinos-Frantzis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavidas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Zioviris
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fortis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Ntanasi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Ropokis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anestis Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Vitale L, Vitale E, Francesca S, Lorenz C, Arena C. Plant-Growth Promoting Microbes Change the Photosynthetic Response to Light Quality in Spinach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1149. [PMID: 36904009 PMCID: PMC10005764 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the combined effect of plant growth under different light quality and the application of plant-growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) was considered on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to assess the influence of these factors on the photosynthetic performance. To pursue this goal, spinach plants were grown in a growth chamber at two different light quality regimes, full-spectrum white light (W) and red-blue light (RB), with (I) or without (NI) PGPM-based inoculants. Photosynthesis-light response curves (LRC) and photosynthesis-CO2 response curves (CRC) were performed for the four growth conditions (W-NI, RB-NI, W-I, and RB-I). At each step of LRC and CRC, net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), Ci/Ca ratio, water use efficiency (WUEi), and fluorescence indexes were calculated. Moreover, parameters derived from the fitting of LRC, such as light-saturated net photosynthesis (PNmax), apparent light efficiency (Qpp), and dark respiration (Rd), as well as the Rubisco large subunit amount, were also determined. In not-inoculated plants, the growth under RB- regime improved PN compared to W-light because it increased stomatal conductance and favored the Rubisco synthesis. Furthermore, the RB regime also stimulates the processes of light conversion into chemical energy through chloroplasts, as indicated by the higher values of Qpp and PNmax in RB compared to W plants. On the contrary, in inoculated plants, the PN enhancement was significantly higher in W (30%) than in RB plants (17%), which showed the highest Rubisco content among all treatments. Our results indicate that the plant-growth-promoting microbes alter the photosynthetic response to light quality. This issue must be considered when PGPMs are used to improve plant growth performance in a controlled environment using artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vitale
- National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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45
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Sukhova E, Sukhov V. Photosynthesis under actions of abiotic stressors: Phenomenology, mechanisms of changes, simulation, and remote sensing. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:171-173. [PMID: 36716691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sukhova
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
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46
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Proietti S, Paradiso R, Moscatello S, Saccardo F, Battistelli A. Light Intensity Affects the Assimilation Rate and Carbohydrates Partitioning in Spinach Grown in a Controlled Environment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:804. [PMID: 36840153 PMCID: PMC9962497 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has been increasing during the last years in controlled environment agriculture, where light represents a key factor for controlling plant growth and development and the highest energetic costs. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the plant's response to two light intensities, corresponding to an optimal and a reduced level, in terms of the photosynthetic process, photoassimilates partitioning, and the biosynthesis of sucrose and starch. Plants of spinach cv. 'Gigante d'Inverno' were grown in a phytotron under controlled conditions, comparing two values of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 800 μmol m-2 s-1 (800 PPFD) and 200 μmol m-2 s-1 (200 PPFD), at a 10 h light/14 h dark regime. Compared to 800 PPFD, under 200 PPFD, plants showed a reduction in biomass accumulation and a redirection of photoassimilates to leaves, determining a leaf expansion to optimize the light interception, without changes in the photosynthetic process. A shift in carbon partitioning favouring the synthesis of starch, causing an increase in the starch/sucrose ratio at the end of light period, occurred in low-light leaves. The activity of enzymes cFBAse, SPS, and AGPase, involved in the synthesis of sucrose and starch in leaves, decreased under lower light intensity, explaining the rate of accumulation of photoassimilates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Francesco Saccardo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 05010 Porano, Italy
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47
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Ahmadi T, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR. Light emitting diodes improved the metabolism of rosmarinic acid and amino acids at the transcriptional level in two genotypes of Melissa officinalis L. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:1055-1069. [PMID: 36043232 DOI: 10.1071/fp21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we used different LEDs to evaluate their effect on metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of two genotypes (Ilam and Isfahan) of lemon balm grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Lemon balm plants were grown in four incubators equipped with artificial lighting and subjected to four LED lamps [White, Blue, Red, and mixed RB (Red+Blue) (70%:30%)] and in greenhouse conditions for 7weeks. The results showed significant increases in leaf number, pigment and soluble sugar contents, secondary metabolites, and calcium, magnesium, potassium and amino acid contents achieved in growth under mixed RB LEDs. As observed for the content of total phenolics, rosmarinic acid, and amino acids, the expression of genes involved in their production, including TAT , RAS , and DAHPS were also enhanced due to the mixed RB LED lighting. The best condition for both the plant growth and expression of genes was under the mixture of Red+Blue LED lamps. These observations indicate that the increase in secondary metabolites under mixed Red+Blue lights may be due to the increase in primary metabolites synthesis and the increased expression of genes that play an essential role in the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; and Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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48
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Correia C, Magnani F, Pastore C, Cellini A, Donati I, Pennisi G, Paucek I, Orsini F, Vandelle E, Santos C, Spinelli F. Red and Blue Light Differently Influence Actinidia chinensis Performance and Its Interaction with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13145. [PMID: 36361938 PMCID: PMC9658526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Light composition modulates plant growth and defenses, thus influencing plant-pathogen interactions. We investigated the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) red (R) (665 nm) and blue (B) (470 nm) light combinations on Actinidia chinensis performance by evaluating biometric parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange and photosynthesis-related gene expression. Moreover, the influence of light on the infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the etiological agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, was investigated. Our study shows that 50%R-50%B (50R) and 25%R-75%B (25R) lead to the highest PSII efficiency and photosynthetic rate, but are the least effective in controlling the endophytic colonization of the host by Psa. Monochromatic red light severely reduced ΦPSII, ETR, Pn, TSS and photosynthesis-related genes expression, and both monochromatic lights lead to a reduction of DW and pigments content. Monochromatic blue light was the only treatment significantly reducing disease symptoms but did not reduce bacterial endophytic population. Our results suggest that monochromatic blue light reduces infection primarily by modulating Psa virulence more than host plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Correia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- IB2Lab, LAQV-Requimte, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Federico Magnani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pastore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pennisi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Paucek
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Conceição Santos
- IB2Lab, LAQV-Requimte, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Nasar J, Wang GY, Zhou FJ, Gitari H, Zhou XB, Tabl KM, Hasan ME, Ali H, Waqas MM, Ali I, Jahan MS. Nitrogen fertilization coupled with foliar application of iron and molybdenum improves shade tolerance of soybean under maize-soybean intercropping. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1014640. [PMID: 36267939 PMCID: PMC9577300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1014640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maize-soybean intercropping is practiced worldwide because of some of the anticipated advantages such as high crop yield and better utilization of resources (i.e., water, light, nutrients and land). However, the shade of the maize crop has a detrimental effect on the growth and yield of soybean under the maize-soybean intercropping system. Hence, this experiment was conducted to improve the shade tolerance of such soybean crops with optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization combined with foliar application of iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo). The treatments comprised five (5) maize-soybean intercropping practices: without fertilizer application (F0), with N fertilizer application (F1), with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe (F2), with N fertilizer coupled with foliar application of Mo (F3) and with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe and Mo (F4). The findings of this study showed that maize-soybean intercropping under F4 treatment had significantly (p< 0.05) increased growth indices such as leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), stem strength (g pot-1), and internode length (cm) and yield indices (i.e., No of pods plant-1, grain yield (g plant-1), 100-grain weight (g), and biomass dry matter (g plant-1)) of the soybean crop. Moreover, intercropping under F4 treatment enhanced the chlorophyll SPAD values by 26% and photosynthetic activities such as Pn by 30%, gs by 28%, and Tr by 28% of the soybean crops, but reduced its CO2 by 11%. Furthermore, maize-soybean intercropping under F4 treatment showed improved efficiency of leaf chlorophyll florescence parameters of soybean crops such as Fv/Fm (26%), qp (17%), ϕPSII (20%), and ETR (17%), but reduced NPQ (12%). In addition, the rubisco activity and soluble protein content of the soybean crop increased by 18% in maize-soybean intercropping under F4 treatment. Thus, this suggested that intercropping under optimal N fertilization combined with foliar application of Fe and Mo can improve the shade tolerance of soybean crops by regulating their chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activities, and the associated enzymes, thereby enhancing their yield and yield traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Nasar
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gui Yang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Jue Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Harun Gitari
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Karim M. Tabl
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Habib Ali
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim, Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim, Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ali
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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50
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Sekhar S, Das S, Panda D, Mohanty S, Mishra B, Kumar A, Navadagi DB, Sah RP, Pradhan SK, Samantaray S, Baig MJ, Behera L, Mohapatra T. Identification of microRNAs That Provide a Low Light Stress Tolerance-Mediated Signaling Pathway during Vegetative Growth in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192558. [PMID: 36235424 PMCID: PMC9614602 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low light intensity affects several physiological parameters during the different growth stages in rice. Plants have various regulatory mechanisms to cope with stresses. One of them is the differential and temporal expression of genes, which is governed by post-transcriptional gene expression regulation through endogenous miRNAs. To decipher low light stress-responsive miRNAs in rice, miRNA expression profiling was carried out using next-generation sequencing of low-light-tolerant (Swarnaprabha) and -sensitive (IR8) rice genotypes through Illumina sequencing. Swarnaprabha and IR8 were subjected to 25% low light treatment for one day, three days, and five days at the active tillering stage. More than 43 million raw reads and 9 million clean reads were identified in Swarnaprabha, while more than 41 million raw reads and 8.5 million clean reads were identified in IR8 after NGS. Importantly, 513 new miRNAs in rice were identified, whose targets were mostly regulated by the genes involved in photosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Additionally, 114 known miRNAs were also identified. Five novel (osa-novmiR1, osa-novmiR2, osa-novmiR3, osa-novmiR4, and osa-novmiR5) and three known (osa-miR166c-3p, osa-miR2102-3p, and osa-miR530-3p) miRNAs were selected for their expression validation through miRNA-specific qRT-PCR. The expression analyses of most of the predicted targets of corresponding miRNAs show negative regulation. Hence, miRNAs modulated the expression of genes providing tolerance/susceptibility to low light stress. This information might be useful in the improvement of crop productivity under low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sekhar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Swagatika Das
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Darshan Panda
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Baneeta Mishra
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | | | - Rameswar Prasad Sah
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sanghamitra Samantaray
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Mirza Jaynul Baig
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Trilochan Mohapatra
- Former Secretary DARE, DG, ICAR, Government. of India, New Delhi 11001, India
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