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Lista S, Imbimbo BP, Grasso M, Fidilio A, Emanuele E, Minoretti P, López-Ortiz S, Martín-Hernández J, Gabelle A, Caruso G, Malaguti M, Melchiorri D, Santos-Lozano A, Imbimbo C, Heneka MT, Caraci F. Tracking neuroinflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: a strategy for individualized therapeutic approaches? J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:187. [PMID: 39080712 PMCID: PMC11289964 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent trials of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies, including lecanemab and donanemab, in early Alzheimer disease (AD) showed that these drugs have limited clinical benefits and their use comes with a significant risk of serious adverse events. Thus, it seems crucial to explore complementary therapeutic approaches. Genome-wide association studies identified robust associations between AD and several AD risk genes related to immune response, including but not restricted to CD33 and TREM2. Here, we critically reviewed the current knowledge on candidate neuroinflammatory biomarkers and their role in characterizing the pathophysiology of AD. MAIN BODY Neuroinflammation is recognized to be a crucial and contributing component of AD pathogenesis. The fact that neuroinflammation is most likely present from earliest pre-stages of AD and co-occurs with the deposition of Aβ reinforces the need to precisely define the sequence and nature of neuroinflammatory events. Numerous clinical trials involving anti-inflammatory drugs previously yielded unfavorable outcomes in early and mild-to-moderate AD. Although the reasons behind these failures remain unclear, these may include the time and the target selected for intervention. Indeed, in our review, we observed a stage-dependent neuroinflammatory process in the AD brain. While the initial activation of glial cells counteracts early brain Aβ deposition, the downregulation in the functional state of microglia occurs at more advanced disease stages. To address this issue, personalized neuroinflammatory modulation therapy is required. The emergence of reliable blood-based neuroinflammatory biomarkers, particularly glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of reactive astrocytes, may facilitate the classification of AD patients based on the ATI(N) biomarker framework. This expands upon the traditional classification of Aβ ("A"), tau ("T"), and neurodegeneration ("N"), by incorporating a novel inflammatory component ("I"). CONCLUSIONS The present review outlines the current knowledge on potential neuroinflammatory biomarkers and, importantly, emphasizes the role of longitudinal analyses, which are needed to accurately monitor the dynamics of cerebral inflammation. Such a precise information on time and place will be required before anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions can be considered for clinical evaluation. We propose that an effective anti-neuroinflammatory therapy should specifically target microglia and astrocytes, while considering the individual ATI(N) status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- CMRR, Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University of Excellence i-site, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Melchiorri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012, Valladolid, Spain
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of the Hospital, 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camillo Imbimbo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy.
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Tayler HM, Skrobot OA, Baron DH, Kehoe PG, Miners JS. Dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular dementia. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13251. [PMID: 38454306 PMCID: PMC11189771 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates systemic and cerebral blood flow and is dysregulated in dementia. The major aim of this study was to determine if RAS signalling is dysregulated in vascular dementia. We measured markers of RAS signalling in white matter underlying the frontal and occipital cortex in neuropathologically confirmed cases of vascular dementia (n = 42), Alzheimer's disease (n = 50), mixed AD/VaD (n = 50) and age-matched controls (n = 50). All cases were stratified according to small vessel disease (SVD) severity across both regions. ACE-1 and ACE-2 protein and activity was measured by ELISA and fluorogenic peptide assays respectively, and angiotensin peptide (Ang-II, Ang-III and Ang-(1-7)) levels were measured by ELISA. ACE-1 protein level and enzyme activity, and Ang-II and Ang-III, were elevated in the white matter in vascular dementia in relation to SVD severity. ACE-1 and Ang-II protein levels were inversely related to MAG:PLP1 ratio, a biochemical marker of brain tissue oxygenation that when reduced indicates cerebral hypoperfusion, in a subset of cases. ACE-2 level was elevated in frontal white matter in vascular dementia. Ang-(1-7) level was elevated across all dementia groups compared to age-matched controls but was not related to SVD severity. RAS signalling was not altered in the white matter in Alzheimer's disease. In the overlying frontal cortex, ACE-1 protein was reduced and ACE-2 protein increased in vascular dementia, whereas angiotensin peptide levels were unchanged. These data indicate that RAS signalling is dysregulated in the white matter in vascular dementia and may contribute to the pathogenesis of small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Tayler
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - O. A. Skrobot
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - D. H. Baron
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - P. G. Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - J. S. Miners
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Sun S, Lu W, Zhang C, Wang G, Hou Y, Zhou J, Wang Y. Folic acid and S-adenosylmethionine reverse Homocysteine-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes in rat hippocampus by modulating PS1 and PP2A methylation levels. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149095. [PMID: 38917878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormally elevated homocysteine (Hcy) is recognized as a biomarker and risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms by which Hcy affects AD are still unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms by which Hcy affects AD-like pathological changes in the hippocampus through in vivo and in vitro experiments, and to investigate whether folic acid (FA) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) supplementation could improve neurodegenerative injuries. METHODS In vitro experiments hippocampal neurons of rat were treated with Hcy, FA or SAM for 24 h; while the hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in Wistar rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of Hcy, and FA was added to feed. The expression of β-amyloid (Aβ), phosphorylated tau protein, presenilin 1 (PS1) at the protein level and the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) were detected, the immunopositive cells for Aβ and phosphorylated tau protein in the rat hippocampus were also evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS FA and SAM significantly repressed Hcy-induced AD-like pathological changes in the hippocampus, including the increased tau protein phosphorylation at Ser214, Ser396 and the expression of Aβ42. In addition, Hcy-induced PS1 expression increased at the protein level and PP2A activity decreased, while FA and SAM were able to retard that. CONCLUSIONS The increase in PS1 expression and decrease in PP2A activity may be the mechanisms underlying the Hcy-induced AD-like pathology. FA and SAM significantly repressed the Hcy-induced neurodegenerative injury by modulating PS1 and PP2A methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoudan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 30050, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 30050, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 30050, China.
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Shir D, Graff-Radford J, Fought AJ, Lesnick TG, Przybelski SA, Vassilaki M, Lowe VJ, Knopman DS, Machulda MM, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Mielke MM, Vemuri P. Complex relationships of socioeconomic status with vascular and Alzheimer's pathways on cognition. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103634. [PMID: 38909419 PMCID: PMC11253683 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AD and CVD, which frequently co-occur, are leading causes of age-related cognitive decline. We assessed how demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES) as indicated by education and occupation, vascular risk factors, and a range of biomarkers associated with both CVD (including white matter hyperintensities [WMH], diffusion MRI abnormalities, infarctions, and microbleeds) and AD (comprising amyloid-PET and tau-PET) collectively influence cognitive function. METHODS In this cross-sectional population study, structural equation models were utilized to understand these associations in 449 participants (mean age (SD) = 74.5 (8.4) years; 56% male; 7.5% cognitively impaired). RESULTS (1) Higher SES had a protective effect on cognition with mediation through the vascular pathway. (2) The effect of amyloid directly on cognition and through tau was 11-fold larger than the indirect effect of amyloid on cognition through WMH. (3) There is a significant effect of vascular risk on tau deposition. DISCUSSION The utilized biomarkers captured the impact of CVD and AD on cognition. The overall effect of vascular risk and SES on these biomarkers are complex and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Shir
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Angela J Fought
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
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Mızrak HG, Dikmen M, Hanoğlu L, Şakul BU. Investigation of hemispheric asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease patients during resting state revealed BY fNIRS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13454. [PMID: 38862632 PMCID: PMC11166983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the gradual deterioration of brain structures and changes in hemispheric asymmetry. Meanwhile, healthy aging is associated with a decrease in functional hemispheric asymmetry. In this study, functional connectivity analysis was used to compare the functional hemispheric asymmetry in eyes-open resting-state fNIRS data of 16 healthy elderly controls (mean age: 60.4 years, MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination): 27.3 ± 2.52) and 14 Alzheimer's patients (mean age: 73.8 years, MMSE: 22 ± 4.32). Increased interhemispheric functional connectivity was found in the premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex, inferior parietal cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and supramarginal gyrus in the control group compared to the AD group. The study revealed that the control group had stronger interhemispheric connectivity, leading to a more significant decrease in hemispheric asymmetry than the AD group. The results show that there is a difference in interhemispheric functional connections at rest between the Alzheimer's group and the control group, suggesting that functional hemispheric asymmetry continues in Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Gül Mızrak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Dikmen
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Lütfü Hanoğlu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Ufuk Şakul
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pacholko A, Iadecola C. Hypertension, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Decline. Hypertension 2024; 81:991-1007. [PMID: 38426329 PMCID: PMC11023809 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is a well-established risk factor for age-related cognitive decline. Long linked to cognitive impairment on vascular bases, increasing evidence suggests a potential association of hypertension with the neurodegenerative pathology underlying Alzheimer disease. Hypertension is well known to disrupt the structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature. However, the mechanisms by which these alterations lead to brain damage, enhance Alzheimer pathology, and promote cognitive impairment remain to be established. Furthermore, critical questions concerning whether lowering blood pressure by antihypertensive medications prevents cognitive impairment have not been answered. Recent developments in neurovascular biology, brain imaging, and epidemiology, as well as new clinical trials, have provided insights into these critical issues. In particular, clinical and basic findings on the link between neurovascular dysfunction and the pathobiology of neurodegeneration have shed new light on the overlap between vascular and Alzheimer pathology. In this review, we will examine the progress made in the relationship between hypertension and cognitive impairment and, after a critical evaluation of the evidence, attempt to identify remaining knowledge gaps and future research directions that may advance our understanding of one of the leading health challenges of our time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pacholko
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Hayat C, Subramaniyan V, Alamri MA, Wong LS, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Afridi SG, Kumarasamy V, Wadood A. Identification of new potent NLRP3 inhibitors by multi-level in-silico approaches. BMC Chem 2024; 18:76. [PMID: 38637900 PMCID: PMC11027297 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3), is an intracellular sensor that is involved in inflammasome activation, and the aberrant expression of NLRP3 is responsible for diabetes mellitus, its complications, and many other inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 is considered a promising drug target for novel drug design. Here, a pharmacophore model was generated from the most potent inhibitor, and its validation was performed by the Gunner-Henry scoring method. The validated pharmacophore was used to screen selected compounds databases. As a result, 646 compounds were mapped on the pharmacophore model. After applying Lipinski's rule of five, 391 hits were obtained. All the hits were docked into the binding pocket of target protein. Based on docking scores and interactions with binding site residues, six compounds were selected potential hits. To check the stability of these compounds, 100 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed. The RMSD, RMSF, DCCM and hydrogen bond analysis showed that all the six compounds formed stable complex with NLRP3. The binding free energy with the MM-PBSA approach suggested that electrostatic force, and van der Waals interactions, played a significant role in the binding pattern of these compounds. Thus, the outcomes of the current study could provide insights into the identification of new potential NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors against diabetes and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Hayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Mubarak A Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahib Gul Afridi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Davidy T, Yore I, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Ravona-Springer R, Livny A, Lesman-Segev OH, Azuri Y, Carmichael O, Kapogiannis D, Zetterberg H, Lin H, Sano M, Beeri MS. A feasibility study of the combination of intranasal insulin with oral semaglutide for cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome at high dementia risk- Study rationale and design. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 218:111898. [PMID: 38159613 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present the rationale and design of a double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial combining intranasal insulin (INI) with semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, to improve cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Since both INI and dulaglutide have beneficial effects on the cerebrovascular disease (CVD), we anticipate that improved CVD will underlie the hypothesized cognitive benefits. METHODS This 12-months trial will include 80 older adults aged > 60 with MetS and MCI, randomized to 4 groups: INI/oral semaglutide, intranasal placebo/oral semaglutide, INI/oral placebo, and intranasal placebo/oral placebo. Feasibility of combining INI with semaglutide will be tested by examining the ease of use of INI (20IU, twice/day) with semaglutide (14 once daily), adherence, and safety profile are the efficacy of combination therapy on global cognition and neurobiological markers: cerebral blood flow, cerebral glucose utilization, white matter hyperintensities, Alzheimer's related blood biomarkers and expression of insulin signaling proteins measured in brain-derived exosomes. Efficacy will be assessed for the intent-to-treat sample. DISCUSSION This feasibility study is anticipated to provide the basis for a multi-center large-scale randomized clinical trial (RCT) of the cognitive benefits of the combination of INI with semaglutide in individuals enriched for CVD and at high dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Davidy
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience, Center Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Iscka Yore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience, Center Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Endocrinology Institute Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Medicine and Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience, Center Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience, Center Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit H Lesman-Segev
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience, Center Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yossi Azuri
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - HungMo Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- James J. Peters VA Medical Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
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Edison P. Astroglial activation: Current concepts and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3034-3053. [PMID: 38305570 PMCID: PMC11032537 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundantly and ubiquitously expressed cell types with diverse functions throughout the central nervous system. Astrocytes show remarkable plasticity and exhibit morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the central nervous system, as evident in neurodegenerative diseases. Astroglial mediated inflammation plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focus on the role of astrocytes as essential players in neuroinflammation and discuss their morphological and functional heterogeneity in the normal central nervous system and explore the spatial and temporal variations in astroglial phenotypes observed under different disease conditions. This review discusses the intimate relationship of astrocytes to pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, this review considers the putative therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to modulate the astroglial functions in neurodegenerative diseases. HIGHLIGHTS: Astroglia mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Activated astrocytes exhibit diverse phenotypes in a region-specific manner in brain and interact with β-amyloid, tau, and α-synuclein species as well as with microglia and neuronal circuits. Activated astrocytes are likely to influence the trajectory of disease progression of neurodegenerative diseases, as determined by the stage of disease, individual susceptibility, and state of astroglial priming. Modulation of astroglial activation may be a therapeutic strategy at various stages in the trajectory of neurodegenerative diseases to modify the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Edison
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of Brain SciencesFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Psychological medicine and clinical neurosciencesSchool of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityWalesUK
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10
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Chen S, Guo D, Zhu Y, Xiao S, Xie J, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Huang J, Ma X, Ning Z, Cao L, Cheng J, Tang Y. Amyloid β oligomer induces cerebral vasculopathy via pericyte-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:56. [PMID: 38475929 PMCID: PMC10935813 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is thought to be the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), emerging evidence suggests a pivotal vascular contribution to AD. Aberrant amyloid β induces neurovascular dysfunction, leading to changes in the morphology and function of the microvasculature. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms between Aβ deposition and vascular injuries. Recent studies have revealed that pericytes play a substantial role in the vasculopathy of AD. Additional research is imperative to attain a more comprehensive understanding. METHODS Two-photon microscopy and laser speckle imaging were used to examine cerebrovascular dysfunction. Aβ oligomer stereotactic injection model was established to explain the relationship between Aβ and vasculopathy. Immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and real-time PCR were applied to detect the morphological and molecular alternations of pericytes. Primary cultured pericytes and bEnd.3 cells were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Vasculopathy including BBB damage, hypoperfusion, and low vessel density were found in the cortex of 8 to 10-month-old 5xFAD mice. A similar phenomenon accompanied by pericyte degeneration appeared in an Aβ-injected model, suggesting a direct relationship between Aβ and vascular dysfunction. Pericytes showed impaired features including low PDGFRβ expression and increased pro-inflammatory chemokines secretion under the administration of Aβ in vitro, of which supernatant cultured with bEND.3 cells led to significant endothelial dysfunction characterized by TJ protein deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanism underlying Aβ-induced vasculopathy. Targeting pericyte therapies are promising to ameliorate vascular dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Daji Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xueying Ma
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ning
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
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11
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Cha WJ, Yi D, Ahn H, Byun MS, Chang YY, Choi JM, Kim K, Choi H, Jung G, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DY. Association between brain amyloid deposition and longitudinal changes of white matter hyperintensities. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:50. [PMID: 38454444 PMCID: PMC10918927 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that not only cerebrovascular disease but also Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological process itself cause cerebral white matter degeneration, resulting in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Some preclinical evidence also indicates that white matter degeneration may precede or affect the development of AD pathology. This study aimed to clarify the direction of influence between in vivo AD pathologies, particularly beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau deposition, and WMHs through longitudinal approach. METHODS Total 282 older adults including cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals were recruited from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE) cohort. The participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B PET for measuring Aβ deposition, [18F] AV-1451 PET for measuring tau deposition, and MRI scans with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image for measuring WMH volume. The relationships between Aβ or tau deposition and WMH volume were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. In this analysis, baseline Aβ or tau were used as independent variables, and change of WMH volume over 2 years was used as dependent variable to examine the effect of AD pathology on increase of WMH volume. Additionally, we set baseline WMH volume as independent variable and longitudinal change of Aβ or tau deposition for 2 years as dependent variables to investigate whether WMH volume could precede AD pathologies. RESULTS Baseline Aβ deposition, but not tau deposition, had significant positive association with longitudinal change of WMH volume over 2 years. Baseline WMH volume was not related with any of longitudinal change of Aβ or tau deposition for 2 years. We also found a significant interaction effect between baseline Aβ deposition and sex on longitudinal change of WMH volume. Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that high baseline Aβ deposition was associated with increase of WMH volume over 2 years in female, but not in male. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Aβ deposition accelerates cerebral WMHs, particularly in female, whereas white matter degeneration appears not influence on longitudinal Aβ increase. The results also did not support any direction of influence between tau deposition and WMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Cha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary program of cognitive science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Nouraeinejad A. The bidirectional links between coronavirus disease 2019 and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38451045 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2327403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a critical disease, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Patients with Alzheimer's disease are more vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences. The latest results have indicated some common risk factors for both diseases. An understanding of the pathological link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease will help develop timely strategies to treat both diseases. This review explores the bidirectional links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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13
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Feter N, de Paula D, Dos Reis RCP, Raichlen D, Patrão AL, Barreto SM, Suemoto CK, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI. Leisure-Time Physical Activity May Attenuate the Impact of Diabetes on Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil Study. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:427-434. [PMID: 38181314 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as a modifier of the diabetes/cognitive decline association in middle-aged and older participants in the Estudo Longitudinal de Saude do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS ELSA-Brasil is a cohort of 15,105 participants (age 35-74 years) enrolled between 2008 and 2010. We evaluated global cognitive function, summing the scores of six standardized tests evaluating memory and verbal fluency, including the Trail-Making Test, at baseline and follow-up. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a global cognitive function score at follow-up lower than -1 SD from baseline mean. Participants reporting ≥150 min/week of moderate to vigorous LTPA at baseline were classified as physically active. We assessed the association of LTPA with global cognition change in those with diabetes in the context of our overall sample through multivariable regression models. RESULTS Participants' (N = 12,214) mean age at baseline was 51.4 (SD 8.8) years, and 55.5% were women. During a mean follow-up of 8.1 (SD 0.6) years, 9,345 (76.5%) inactive participants and 1,731 (14.1%) participants with diabetes at baseline experienced faster declines in global cognition than those who were active (β = -0.003, -0.004, and -0.002) and those without diabetes (β = -0.004, -0.005, and -0.003), respectively. Diabetes increased the risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71; 95% Cl 1.22, 2.39) in inactive but not in active adults (HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.73, 1.90). Among participants with diabetes, those who were active showed a delay of 2.73 (95% CI 0.94, 4.51) years in the onset of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS In adults living with diabetes, LTPA attenuated the deleterious association between diabetes and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danilo de Paula
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Citton P Dos Reis
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - David Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana Luísa Patrão
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Deparment of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina and Clinical Hospital/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruce B Duncan
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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14
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Alghanimy A, Work LM, Holmes WM. The glymphatic system and multiple sclerosis: An evolving connection. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105456. [PMID: 38266608 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, resulting in demyelination and an array of neurological manifestations. Recently, there has been significant scientific interest in the glymphatic system, which operates as a waste-clearance system for the brain. This article reviews the existing literature, and explores potential links between the glymphatic system and MS, shedding light on its evolving significance in the context of MS pathogenesis. The authors consider the pathophysiological implications of glymphatic dysfunction in MS, the impact of disrupted sleep on glymphatic function, and the bidirectional relationship between MS and sleep disturbances. By offering an understanding of the intricate interplay between the glymphatic system and MS, this review provides valuable insights which may lead to improved diagnostic techniques and more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alghanimy
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lorraine M Work
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - William M Holmes
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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15
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Cipolla J, Jiang H, Simms AG, Baumel B, Rundek T, Wang J. Impaired Retinal Capillary Function in Patients With Alzheimer Disease. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:30-34. [PMID: 37459384 PMCID: PMC10792098 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive evidence indicates that vasculopathy, especially the level of microcirculation, contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is not easy to directly monitor cerebral microcirculation. The retinal microvasculature has been proposed as a surrogate measure to study cerebral vascular changes. Indeed, decreased retinal microvascular network densities were reported in patients with AD. We sought to determine the retinal capillary function (RCF, the efficiency of blood flow transferring in the capillary network) in patients with AD. METHODS Twenty patients (age 60-84 years, mean ± SD: 72.8 ± 7.7 years) with AD and 14 age-matched cognitively normal controls (CN, age 62-81 years, mean ± SD: 68.6 ± 6.7 years.) were recruited. There were no differences in vascular risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, between the groups. One eye of each subject in both groups was imaged. Retinal blood flow (RBF) was measured using a retinal function imager, and retinal capillary density (RCD, expressed as fractal dimension Dbox) was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. RCF was defined as the ratio of RBF to RCD. RESULTS RCF was 1.62 ± 0.56 nl/s/Dbox (mean ± SD) in the AD group, which was significantly lower than that (2.56 ± 0.25 nl/s/Dbox, P < 0.01) in the CN group. The change of RCF in the AD group represented 28% lower than in the CN group. RCF was significantly and positively correlated with RBF in the AD group (r = 0.98, P < 0.05) and in the CN group (r = 0.65, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate impaired retinal capillary function in patients with AD. The alteration of RCF was mainly due to decreased retinal blood flow, which is transferred by the capillary network. The RCF may be developed as a biomarker of impaired cerebral microcirculation in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cipolla
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The University of Miami Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ava-Gaye Simms
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bernard Baumel
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The University of Miami Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The University of Miami Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miami, FL, USA
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16
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Li YS, Xia YG, Liu YL, Jiang WR, Qiu HN, Wu F, Li JB, Lin JN. Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease-related diseases, cognition and dementia: A two-sample mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297883. [PMID: 38422093 PMCID: PMC10903857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of current studies on metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related diseases, cognition and dementia are inconsistent. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of MASLD-related diseases on cognition and dementia. METHODS By using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with different traits of NAFLD (chronically elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels [cALT], imaging-accessed and biopsy-proven NAFLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, we employed three methods of mendelian randomization (MR) analysis (inverse-variance weighted [IVW], weighted median, and MR-Egger) to determine the causal relationships between MASLD-related diseases and cognition and dementia. We used Cochran's Q test to examine the heterogeneity, and MR-PRESSO was used to identify outliers (NbDistribution = 10000). The horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using the MR-Egger intercept test. A leave-one-out analysis was used to assess the impact of individual SNP on the overall MR results. We also repeated the MR analysis after excluding SNPs associated with confounding factors. RESULTS The results of MR analysis suggested positive causal associations between MASLD confirmed by liver biopsy (p of IVW = 0.020, OR = 1.660, 95%CI = 1.082-2.546) and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis (p of IVW = 0.009, OR = 1.849, 95%CI = 1.169-2.922) with vascular dementia (VD). However, there was no evidence of a causal link between MASLD-related diseases and cognitive performance and other types of dementia (any dementia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia with lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia). Sensitivity tests supported the robustness of the results. CONCLUSIONS This two-sample MR analysis suggests that genetically predicted MASLD and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis may increase the VD risk. Nonetheless, the causal effects of NAFLD-related diseases on VD need more in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Shuang Li
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Ge Xia
- Geriatric Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Lan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Ran Jiang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui-Na Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Na Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
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17
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Du J, Pan Y, Jiang J, Lam BCP, Thalamuthu A, Chen R, Tsang IW, Sachdev PS, Wen W. White matter brain age as a biomarker of cerebrovascular burden in the ageing brain. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01758-3. [PMID: 38424358 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
As the brain ages, it almost invariably accumulates vascular pathology, which differentially affects the cerebral white matter. A rich body of research has investigated the link between vascular risk factors and the brain. One of the less studied questions is that among various modifiable vascular risk factors, which is the most debilitating one for white matter health? A white matter specific brain age was developed to evaluate the overall white matter health from diffusion weighted imaging, using a three-dimensional convolutional neural network deep learning model in both cross-sectional UK biobank participants (n = 37,327) and a longitudinal subset (n = 1409). White matter brain age gap (WMBAG) was the difference between the white matter age and the chronological age. Participants with one, two, and three or more vascular risk factors, compared to those without any, showed an elevated WMBAG of 0.54, 1.23, and 1.94 years, respectively. Diabetes was most strongly associated with an increased WMBAG (1.39 years, p < 0.001) among all risk factors followed by hypertension (0.87 years, p < 0.001) and smoking (0.69 years, p < 0.001). Baseline WMBAG was associated significantly with processing speed, executive and global cognition. Significant associations of diabetes and hypertension with poor processing speed and executive function were found to be mediated through the WMBAG. White matter specific brain age can be successfully targeted for the examination of the most relevant risk factors and cognition, and for tracking an individual's cerebrovascular ageing process. It also provides clinical basis for the better management of specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yuangang Pan
- Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A*STAR, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute (AAII), UTS, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Rory Chen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ivor W Tsang
- Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), A*STAR, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
- Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute (AAII), UTS, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI), Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
- Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI), Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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18
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Yang K, Liu L, Wen Y. The impact of Bayesian optimization on feature selection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3948. [PMID: 38366092 PMCID: PMC10873405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Feature selection is an indispensable step for the analysis of high-dimensional molecular data. Despite its importance, consensus is lacking on how to choose the most appropriate feature selection methods, especially when the performance of the feature selection methods itself depends on hyper-parameters. Bayesian optimization has demonstrated its advantages in automatically configuring the settings of hyper-parameters for various models. However, it remains unclear whether Bayesian optimization can benefit feature selection methods. In this research, we conducted extensive simulation studies to compare the performance of various feature selection methods, with a particular focus on the impact of Bayesian optimization on those where hyper-parameters tuning is needed. We further utilized the gene expression data obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to predict various brain imaging-related phenotypes, where various feature selection methods were employed to mine the data. We found through simulation studies that feature selection methods with hyper-parameters tuned using Bayesian optimization often yield better recall rates, and the analysis of transcriptomic data further revealed that Bayesian optimization-guided feature selection can improve the accuracy of disease risk prediction models. In conclusion, Bayesian optimization can facilitate feature selection methods when hyper-parameter tuning is needed and has the potential to substantially benefit downstream tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Yang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No 56 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No 56 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yalu Wen
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, 38 Princes Street, Auckland Central, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
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Xu H, Yu X, Xie R, Wang Y, Li C. RCOR1 improves neurobehaviors and neuron injury in rat cerebral palsy by Endothelin-1 targeting-induced Akt/GSK-3β pathway upregulation. Brain Dev 2024; 46:93-102. [PMID: 37978036 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RE1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST) corepressor 1 (RCOR1) has been reported to orchestrate neurogenesis, while its role in cerebral palsy (CP) remains elusive. Besides, RCOR1 can interact with Endothelin-1 (EDN1), and EDN1 expression is related to brain damage. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of RCOR1/EDN1 on brain damage during the progression of CP. METHODS CP rats were established via hypoxia-ischemia insult, and injected with lentivirus-RCOR1, followed by examination of brain pathological conditions. The RCOR1 and EDN1 interaction was recognized using hTFtarget. Healthy rat cortical neuron cells received interference of RCOR1/EDN1 expression, and underwent oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment, after which phenotypic and molecular assays were conducted through the biochemical method, qRT-PCR and/or western blot. RESULTS RCOR1 was low-expressed but EDN1 was high-expressed in CP model rats and OGD/R-treated neurons. RCOR1 overexpression ameliorated rat neurobehaviors, alleviated brain pathological conditions, reduced TUNEL-positive cells, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and repressed EDN1 expression in the brains of CP model rats. In neurons, RCOR1 overexpression counteracted OGD/R-induced viability decrease, reduction of the levels of RCOR1, SOD, Bcl-2, caspase-3, p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and elevation of the levels of EDN1, ROS, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, while EDN1 overexpression did contrarily on these events. Moreover, there was a negative interplay between RCOR1 overexpression and EDN1 overexpression in OGD/R-induced neurons. CONCLUSION RCOR1 ameliorates neurobehaviors and suppresses neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in CP through EDN1 targeting-mediated upregulation of Akt/GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830001, China
| | - Xuetao Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830001, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830001, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830001, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830001, China.
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Van Hulle C, Ince S, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Love S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Scott Miners J. Elevated CSF angiopoietin-2 correlates with blood-brain barrier leakiness and markers of neuronal injury in early Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38182581 PMCID: PMC10770135 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the neurovascular unit is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakiness contributing to cognitive decline and disease pathology in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular stability depends on angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT-1) signalling, antagonised by angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2) expressed upon endothelial injury. We examined the relationship between CSF ANGPT-2 and CSF markers of BBB leakiness and core AD biomarkers across three independent cohorts: (i) 31 AD patients and 33 healthy controls grouped according to their biomarker profile (i.e., AD cases t-tau > 400 pg/mL, p-tau > 60 pg/mL and Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL); (ii) 121 participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention or Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research study (84 participants cognitively unimpaired (CU) enriched for a parental history of AD, 20 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 17 with AD); (iii) a neurologically normal cohort aged 23-78 years with paired CSF and serum samples. CSF ANGPT-2, sPDGFRβ, albumin and fibrinogen levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. In cohort (i), CSF ANGPT-2 was elevated in AD and correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau181 but not Aβ42. ANGPT-2 also correlated positively with CSF sPDGFRβ and fibrinogen - markers of pericyte injury and BBB leakiness. In cohort (ii), CSF ANGPT-2 was highest in MCI and correlated with CSF albumin in the CU and MCI cohorts but not in AD. CSF ANGPT-2 also correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau and with markers of neuronal injury (neurogranin and α-synuclein) and neuroinflammation (GFAP and YKL-40). In cohort (iii), CSF ANGPT-2 correlated strongly with the CSF/serum albumin ratio. Serum ANGPT-2 showed non-significant positive associations with CSF ANGPT-2 and the CSF/serum albumin ratio. Together, these data indicate that CSF and possibly serum ANGPT-2 is associated with BBB leakiness in early AD and is closely related to tau pathology and neuronal injury. The utility of serum ANGPT-2 as a biomarker of BBB damage in AD requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Selvi Ince
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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21
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Su D, Chen Z, An X, Yang J, Yang J, Wang X, Qu Y, Gong C, Chai Y, Liu X, Cheng W, Wang D, Wu Y, Ma J, Zhao X, Wang Q, Xu Y, Peng H, Ai J. MicroRNA-195 liposomes for therapy of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2024; 365:583-601. [PMID: 38048963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex etiologies and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) underscore the importance for devising multitarget drugs to achieve effective therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are capable of concurrently regulating the expression of multiple proteins by selectively targeting disease- associated genes in a sequence-specific fashion. Nonetheless, as RNA-based drugs, their stability in the circulation and capacity of traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is largely compromised, thereby limiting their potential clinical applications. In this study, we formulated the nanoliposomes encapsulating polyethyleneimine (PEI)/miR-195 complex (DPMT@PEI/miR-195) that was engineered through dual modifications to contain P-aminophenyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (MAN) and cationic cell-penetrating peptide (TAT). DPMT@PEI/miR-195 exhibited the enhanced BBB- and cell membrane penetrating capability. As expected, we observed that DPMT@PEI/miR-195 administered through intravenous tail injection of produced greater effectiveness than donepezil and the same range of effect as aducanumab in alleviating the cognitive decline in 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, the combination treatment with DPMT@PEI/miR-195 and donepezil effectively ameliorated the deterioration of cognition in 16-month-old APP/PS1 mice, with enhanced effects than either DPMT@PEI/miR-195 or donepezil alone. Furthermore, DPMT@PEI/miR-195 effectively attenuated the positive signals of Aβ, AT8, and CD68 in APP/PS1 mice without notable side effects. Our findings indicate DPMT@PEI/miR-195 as a promising potentially new agent or approach for the prophylaxis and treatment of early and advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Xiaobin An
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Junkai Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuqiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chen Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Yani Chai
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Research and Development of Natural Products Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China; Departmentof Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, China.
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22
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Chum PP, Bishara MA, Solis SR, Behringer EJ. Cerebrovascular miRNAs Track Early Development of Alzheimer's Disease and Target Molecular Markers of Angiogenesis and Blood Flow Regulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S187-S234. [PMID: 37458037 PMCID: PMC10787821 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired cerebral circulation which underscores diminished delivery of blood oxygen and nutrients to and throughout the brain. In the 3xTg-AD mouse model, we have recently found that > 10 cerebrovascular miRNAs pertaining to vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and inflammation (e.g., let-7d, miR-99a, miR-132, miR-133a, miR-151-5p, and miR-181a) track early development of AD. Further, endothelial-specific miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-23a/b, miR-27a) alter with onset of overall AD pathology relative to stability of smooth muscle/pericyte-specific miRNAs (miR-143, miR-145). Objective We tested the hypothesis that cerebrovascular miRNAs indicating AD pathology share mRNA targets that regulate key endothelial cell functions such as angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and blood flow regulation. Methods As detected by NanoString nCounter miRNA Expression panel for 3xTg-AD mice, 61 cerebrovascular miRNAs and respective mRNA targets were examined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for canonical Cardiovascular (Cardio) and Nervous System (Neuro) Signaling. Results The number of targets regulated per miRNA were 21±2 and 33±3 for the Cardio and Neuro pathways respectively, whereby 14±2 targets overlap among pathways. Endothelial miRNAs primarily target members of the PDE, PDGF, SMAD, and VEGF families. Individual candidates regulated by≥4 miRNAs that best mark AD pathology presence in 3xTg-AD mice include CFL2, GRIN2B, PDGFB, SLC6A1, SMAD3, SYT3, and TNFRSF11B. Conclusion miRNAs selective for regulation of endothelial function and respective downstream mRNA targets support a molecular basis for dysregulated cerebral blood flow regulation coupled with enhanced cell growth, proliferation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe P. Chum
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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23
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Lee CS, Ferguson AN, Gibbons LE, Walker R, Su YR, Krakauer C, Brush M, Kam J, Larson EB, Arterburn DE, Crane PK. Eye Adult Changes in Thought (Eye ACT) Study: Design and Report on the Inaugural Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:309-320. [PMID: 38875039 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Conflicting research on retinal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) is likely related to limited sample sizes, study design, and protocol differences. Objective The prospective Eye Adult Changes in Thought (Eye ACT) seeks to address these gaps. Methods Eye ACT participants are recruited from ACT, an ongoing cohort of dementia-free, older adults followed biennially until AD/ADRD, and undergo visual function and retinal imaging assessment either in clinic or at home. Results 330 participants were recruited as of 03/2023. Compared to ACT participants not in Eye ACT (N = 1868), Eye ACT participants (N = 330) are younger (mean age: 70.3 versus 71.2, p = 0.014), newer to ACT (median ACT visits since baseline: 3 versus 4, p < 0.001), have more years of education (17.7 versus 16.2, p < 0.001) and had lower rates of visual impairment (12% versus 22%, p < 0.001). Compared to those seen in clinic (N = 300), Eye ACT participants seen at home (N = 30) are older (77.2 versus 74.9, p = 0.015), more frequently female (60% versus 49%, p = 0.026), and have significantly worse visual acuity (71.1 versus 78.9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, p < 0.001) and contrast sensitivity (-1.9 versus -2.1 mean log units at 3 cycles per degree, p = 0.002). Cognitive scores and retinal imaging measurements are similar between the two groups. Conclusions Participants assessed at home had significantly worse visual function than those seen in clinic. By including these participants, Eye ACT provides a unique longitudinal cohort for evaluating potential retinal biomarkers of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- The Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alina N Ferguson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- The Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rod Walker
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chloe Krakauer
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jason Kam
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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24
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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25
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Burnham SC, Iaccarino L, Pontecorvo MJ, Fleisher AS, Lu M, Collins EC, Devous MD. A review of the flortaucipir literature for positron emission tomography imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles. Brain Commun 2023; 6:fcad305. [PMID: 38187878 PMCID: PMC10768888 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles potentially preceding clinical symptoms by many years. Previously only detectable post-mortem, these pathological hallmarks are now identifiable using biomarkers, permitting an in vivo definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 18F-flortaucipir (previously known as 18F-T807; 18F-AV-1451) was the first tau positron emission tomography tracer to be introduced and is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved tau positron emission tomography tracer (Tauvid™). It has been widely adopted and validated in a number of independent research and clinical settings. In this review, we present an overview of the published literature on flortaucipir for positron emission tomography imaging of neurofibrillary tau tangles. We considered all accessible peer-reviewed literature pertaining to flortaucipir through 30 April 2022. We found 474 relevant peer-reviewed publications, which were organized into the following categories based on their primary focus: typical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and pre-symptomatic populations; atypical Alzheimer's disease; non-Alzheimer's disease neurodegenerative conditions; head-to-head comparisons with other Tau positron emission tomography tracers; and technical considerations. The available flortaucipir literature provides substantial evidence for the use of this positron emission tomography tracer in assessing neurofibrillary tau tangles in Alzheimer's disease and limited support for its use in other neurodegenerative disorders. Visual interpretation and quantitation approaches, although heterogeneous, mostly converge and demonstrate the high diagnostic and prognostic value of flortaucipir in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ming Lu
- Avid, Eli Lilly and Company, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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26
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Yang A, Zhuang H, Du L, Liu B, Lv K, Luan J, Hu P, Chen F, Wu K, Shu N, Shmuel A, Ma G, Wang Y. Evaluation of whole-brain oxygen metabolism in Alzheimer's disease using QSM and quantitative BOLD. Neuroimage 2023; 282:120381. [PMID: 37734476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the whole-brain pattern of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) perturbation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and investigate the relationship between regional cerebral oxygen metabolism and global cognition. METHODS Twenty-six AD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were prospectively recruited in this study. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive status. We applied the QQ-CCTV algorithm which combines quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent models (QQ) for OEF calculation. CBF map was computed from arterial spin labeling and CMRO2 was generated based on Fick's principle. Whole-brain and regional OEF, CBF, and CMRO2 analyses were performed. The associations between these measures in substructures of deep brain gray matter and MMSE scores were assessed. RESULTS Whole brain voxel-wise analysis showed that CBF and CMRO2 values significantly decreased in AD predominantly in the bilateral angular gyrus, precuneus gyrus and parieto-temporal regions. Regional analysis showed that CBF value decreased in the bilateral caudal hippocampus and left rostral hippocampus and CMRO2 value decreased in left caudal and rostral hippocampus in AD patients. Considering all subjects in the AD and HC groups combined, the mean CBF and CMRO2 values in the bilateral hippocampus positively correlated with the MMSE score. CONCLUSION CMRO2 mapping with the QQ-CCTV method - which is readily available in MR systems for clinical practice - can be a potential biomarker for AD. In addition, CMRO2 in the hippocampus may be a useful tool for monitoring cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aocai Yang
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hangwei Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Kuan Lv
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jixin Luan
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Pianpian Hu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou 570311, Hainan, PR China
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong 510006, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Amir Shmuel
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Physiology, and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
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27
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Simons M, Levin J, Dichgans M. Tipping points in neurodegeneration. Neuron 2023; 111:2954-2968. [PMID: 37385247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Aβ deposits form slowly, several decades before further pathological events trigger neurodegeneration and dementia. However, a substantial proportion of affected individuals remains non-demented despite AD pathology, raising questions about the underlying factors that determine the transition to clinical disease. Here, we emphasize the critical function of resilience and resistance factors, which we extend beyond the concept of cognitive reserve to include the glial, immune, and vascular system. We review the evidence and use the metaphor of "tipping points" to illustrate how gradually forming AD neuropathology in the preclinical stage can transition to dementia once adaptive functions of the glial, immune, and vascular system are lost and self-reinforcing pathological cascades are unleashed. Thus, we propose an expanded framework for pathomechanistic research that focuses on tipping points and non-neuronal resilience mechanisms, which may represent previously untapped therapeutic targets in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Kepp KP, Robakis NK, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Sensi SL, Vissel B. The amyloid cascade hypothesis: an updated critical review. Brain 2023; 146:3969-3990. [PMID: 37183523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Results from recent clinical trials of antibodies that target amyloid-β (Aβ) for Alzheimer's disease have created excitement and have been heralded as corroboration of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. However, while Aβ may contribute to disease, genetic, clinical, imaging and biochemical data suggest a more complex aetiology. Here we review the history and weaknesses of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in view of the new evidence obtained from clinical trials of anti-amyloid antibodies. These trials indicate that the treatments have either no or uncertain clinical effect on cognition. Despite the importance of amyloid in the definition of Alzheimer's disease, we argue that the data point to Aβ playing a minor aetiological role. We also discuss data suggesting that the concerted activity of many pathogenic factors contribute to Alzheimer's disease and propose that evolving multi-factor disease models will better underpin the search for more effective strategies to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- Section of Biophysical and Biomedicinal chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, and Institute for Advanced Biotechnology (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66013, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St Vincent's Hospital Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Gouilly D, Rafiq M, Nogueira L, Salabert AS, Payoux P, Péran P, Pariente J. Beyond the amyloid cascade: An update of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:812-830. [PMID: 36906457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-etiology disease. The biological system of AD is associated with multidomain genetic, molecular, cellular, and network brain dysfunctions, interacting with central and peripheral immunity. These dysfunctions have been primarily conceptualized according to the assumption that amyloid deposition in the brain, whether from a stochastic or a genetic accident, is the upstream pathological change. However, the arborescence of AD pathological changes suggests that a single amyloid pathway might be too restrictive or inconsistent with a cascading effect. In this review, we discuss the recent human studies of late-onset AD pathophysiology in an attempt to establish a general updated view focusing on the early stages. Several factors highlight heterogenous multi-cellular pathological changes in AD, which seem to work in a self-amplifying manner with amyloid and tau pathologies. Neuroinflammation has an increasing importance as a major pathological driver, and perhaps as a convergent biological basis of aging, genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gouilly
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France.
| | - M Rafiq
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - L Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytology, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - A-S Salabert
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - P Payoux
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| | - P Péran
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
| | - J Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
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Zedde M, Grisendi I, Assenza F, Vandelli G, Napoli M, Moratti C, Lochner P, Seiffge DJ, Piazza F, Valzania F, Pascarella R. The Venular Side of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Proof of Concept of a Neglected Issue. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2663. [PMID: 37893037 PMCID: PMC10604278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small vessel diseases (SVD) is an umbrella term including several entities affecting small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the brain. One of the most relevant and prevalent SVDs is cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), whose pathological hallmark is the deposition of amyloid fragments in the walls of small cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. CAA frequently coexists with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and both are associated with cerebrovascular events, cognitive impairment, and dementia. CAA and AD share pathophysiological, histopathological and neuroimaging issues. The venular involvement in both diseases has been neglected, although both animal models and human histopathological studies found a deposition of amyloid beta in cortical venules. This review aimed to summarize the available information about venular involvement in CAA, starting from the biological level with the putative pathomechanisms of cerebral damage, passing through the definition of the peculiar angioarchitecture of the human cortex with the functional organization and consequences of cortical arteriolar and venular occlusion, and ending to the hypothesized links between cortical venular involvement and the main neuroimaging markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Grisendi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Assenza
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vandelli
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Moratti
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Lochner
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - David J. Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Piazza
- CAA and AD Translational Research and Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Sinclair LI, Mohr A, Morisaki M, Edmondson M, Chan S, Bone-Connaughton A, Turecki G, Love S. Is later-life depression a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease or a prodromal symptom: a study using post-mortem human brain tissue? Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:153. [PMID: 37700368 PMCID: PMC10496415 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and dementia are both common diseases. Although new cases of depression are more common in younger adults, there is a second peak at the age of 50 years suggesting a different pathological process. Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with dementia. However, it remains unclear whether depression represents a dementia prodrome or is a true risk factor for its development. LLD is thought to have a vascular component and this may be a possible link between depression and dementia. We hypothesised that later-life depression is a prodromal manifestation of dementia and would therefore be associated with more AD, and/or ischaemic brain abnormalities that are present in earlier-life depression or in age- and sex-matched controls. METHODS We assessed post-mortem orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex from 145 individuals in 4 groups: 28 18-50-year-olds with depression, 30 older individuals (ages 51-90) with depression, 28 with early AD (Braak tangle stages III-IV) and 57 matched controls (17 early-life, 42 later-life). Levels of Aβ, phospho-tau and α-synuclein were assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. To quantify chronic ischaemia, VEGF, MAG and PLP1 were measured by ELISA. To assess pericyte damage, PDGFRB was measured by ELISA. For blood-brain barrier leakiness, JAM-A, claudin 5 and fibrinogen were measured by ELISA. To quantity endothelial activation, the ratio of ICAM1:collagen IV was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was no evidence of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or increased Aβ/tau in either depression group. There was also no indication of pericyte damage, increased blood-brain barrier leakiness or endothelial activation in the OFC or DLPFC in the depression groups. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to some previous findings, we have not found evidence of impaired vascular function or increased Aβ in LLD. Our study had a relatively small sample size and limitations in the availability of clinical data. These results suggest that depression is a risk factor for dementia rather than an early manifestation of AD or a consequence of cerebral vascular insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey I Sinclair
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Asher Mohr
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Mizuki Morisaki
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Martin Edmondson
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Selina Chan
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Bone-Connaughton
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Warwick, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Level 1 Learning & Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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Chu KT, Lei WC, Wu MH, Fuh JL, Wang SJ, French IT, Chang WS, Chang CF, Huang NE, Liang WK, Juan CH. A holo-spectral EEG analysis provides an early detection of cognitive decline and predicts the progression to Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1195424. [PMID: 37674782 PMCID: PMC10477374 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1195424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Our aim was to differentiate patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) from cognitively normal (CN) individuals and predict the progression from MCI to AD within a 3-year longitudinal follow-up. A newly developed Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HHSA) was applied to resting state EEG (rsEEG), and features were extracted and subjected to machine learning algorithms. Methods A total of 205 participants were recruited from three hospitals, with CN (n = 51, MMSE > 26), MCI (n = 42, CDR = 0.5, MMSE ≥ 25), AD1 (n = 61, CDR = 1, MMSE < 25), AD2 (n = 35, CDR = 2, MMSE < 16), and AD3 (n = 16, CDR = 3, MMSE < 16). rsEEG was also acquired from all subjects. Seventy-two MCI patients (CDR = 0.5) were longitudinally followed up with two rsEEG recordings within 3 years and further subdivided into an MCI-stable group (MCI-S, n = 36) and an MCI-converted group (MCI-C, n = 36). The HHSA was then applied to the rsEEG data, and features were extracted and subjected to machine-learning algorithms. Results (a) At the group level analysis, the HHSA contrast of MCI and different stages of AD showed augmented amplitude modulation (AM) power of lower-frequency oscillations (LFO; delta and theta bands) with attenuated AM power of higher-frequency oscillations (HFO; beta and gamma bands) compared with cognitively normal elderly controls. The alpha frequency oscillation showed augmented AM power across MCI to AD1 with a reverse trend at AD2. (b) At the individual level of cross-sectional analysis, implementation of machine learning algorithms discriminated between groups with good sensitivity (Sen) and specificity (Spec) as follows: CN elderly vs. MCI: 0.82 (Sen)/0.80 (Spec), CN vs. AD1: 0.94 (Sen)/0.80 (Spec), CN vs. AD2: 0.93 (Sen)/0.90 (Spec), and CN vs. AD3: 0.75 (Sen)/1.00 (Spec). (c) In the longitudinal MCI follow-up, the initial contrasted HHSA between MCI-S and MCI-C groups showed significantly attenuated AM power of alpha and beta band oscillations. (d) At the individual level analysis of longitudinal MCI groups, deploying machine learning algorithms with the best seven features resulted in a sensitivity of 0.9 by the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, with a specificity of 0.8 yielded by the decision tree classifier. Conclusion Integrating HHSA into EEG signals and machine learning algorithms can differentiate between CN and MCI as well as also predict AD progression at the MCI stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwo-Ta Chu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Yang-Ming Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Chi Lei
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiu Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Long-Term Care and Health Promotion, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Isobel T. French
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Central University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Chang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Norden E. Huang
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Applications, First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Kuang Liang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ren Q. The Abnormal Alternations of Brain Imaging in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:901-919. [PMID: 37662615 PMCID: PMC10473125 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is an important extrapulmonary complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Multimodal Neuroimaging Examination can display changes in brain structure and functions in patients with COPD. Objective The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the variations in brain imaging in patients with COPD and their potential relationship with CI. Furthermore, we aim to provide new ideas and directions for future research. Methods Literature searches were performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. All articles published between January 2000 and November 2021 that met the eligibility criteria were included. Results Twenty of the 23 studies focused on changes in brain structure and function. Alterations in the brain's macrostructure are manifested in the bilateral frontal lobe, hippocampus, right temporal lobe, motor cortex, and supplementary motor area. The white matter microstructural changes initially appear in the bilateral frontal subcortical region. Regarding brain function, patients with COPD exhibited reduced frontal cerebral perfusion and abnormal alterations in intrinsic brain activity in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, right lingual gyrus, and left anterior central gyrus. Currently, there is limited research related to brain networks. Conclusion CI in patients with COPD may present as a type of dementia different from Alzheimer's disease, which tends to manifest as frontal cognitive decline early in the disease. Further studies are required to clarify the neurobiological pathways of CI in patients with COPD from the perspective of brain connectomics based on the whole-brain system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingguo Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu L, Li Z, Zhou Y, Wei J, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Tang Y. Cognitive function and cardiovascular health in the elderly: network analysis based on hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and coronary heart disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1229559. [PMID: 37600511 PMCID: PMC10436622 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1229559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive decline in the elderly population is a growing concern, and vascular factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, have been associated with cognitive impairments. This study aims to provide deeper insights into the structure of cognitive function networks under these different vascular factors and explore their potential associations with specific cognitive domains. Methods Cognitive function was assessed using a modified Chinese version of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, and intensity centrality and side weights were estimated by network modeling. The network structure of cognitive function was compared across subgroups by including vascular factors as subgroup variables while controlling for comorbidities and confounders. Results The results revealed that cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease had a more significant impact on cognitive function. Cerebrovascular disease was associated with weaker centrality in memory and spatial orientation, and a sparser cognitive network structure. Coronary heart disease was associated with weaker centrality in memory, repetition, executive function, recall, attention, and calculation, as well as a sparser cognitive network structure. The NCT analyses further highlighted significant differences between the cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease groups compared to controls in terms of overall network structure and connection strength. Conclusion Our findings suggest that specific cognitive domains may be more vulnerable to impairments in patients with cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease. These insights could be used to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of cognitive screening in these patient populations, inform personalized cognitive intervention strategies, and provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in patients with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huanrui Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linzi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zijia Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiao Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Damestani NL, Jacoby J, Yadav SM, Lovely AE, Michael A, Terpstra M, Eshghi M, Rashid B, Cruchaga C, Salat DH, Juttukonda MR. Associations between age, sex, APOE genotype, and regional vascular physiology in typically aging adults. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120167. [PMID: 37187365 PMCID: PMC10339339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered blood flow in the human brain is characteristic of typical aging. However, numerous factors contribute to inter-individual variation in patterns of blood flow throughout the lifespan. To better understand the mechanisms behind such variation, we studied how sex and APOE genotype, a primary genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), influence associations between age and brain perfusion measures. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 562 participants from the Human Connectome Project - Aging (36 to >90 years of age). We found widespread associations between age and vascular parameters, where increasing age was associated with regional decreases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increases in arterial transit time (ATT). When grouped by sex and APOE genotype, interactions between group and age demonstrated that females had relatively greater CBF and lower ATT compared to males. Females carrying the APOEε4 allele showed the strongest association between CBF decline and ATT incline with age. This demonstrates that sex and genetic risk for AD modulate age-associated patterns of cerebral perfusion measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikou L Damestani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John Jacoby
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shrikanth M Yadav
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Allison E Lovely
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Aurea Michael
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Barnaly Rashid
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA
| | - Meher R Juttukonda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Liu JJ, Long YF, Xu P, Guo HD, Cui GH. Pathogenesis of miR-155 on nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:122. [PMID: 37452431 PMCID: PMC10347850 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system and is the primary cause of dementia. It is clinically characterized by the memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, visuospatial and executive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and so on. Incidence of this disease was bound up with age, genetic factors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction, and other basic diseases, but the exact etiology has not been clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that were involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNAs have been extensively studied as noninvasive potential biomarkers for disease due to their relative stability in bodily fluids. In addition, they play a significant role in the physiological and pathological processes of various neurological disorders, including stroke, AD, and Parkinson's disease. MiR-155, as an important pro-inflammatory mediator of neuroinflammation, was reported to participate in the progression of β-amyloid peptide and tau via regulating immunity and inflammation. In this review, we put emphasis on the effects of miR-155 on AD and explore the underlying biological mechanisms which could provide a novel approach for diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun-Fan Long
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guo-Hong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Davidy T, Yore I, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Ravona-Springer R, Livny A, Lesman-Segev OH, Azuri Y, Carmichael O, Kapogiannis D, Zetterberg H, Lin H, Sano M, Beeri MS. A feasibility study of the combination of intranasal insulin with dulaglutide for cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome at high dementia risk - Study rationale and design. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 213:111825. [PMID: 37245533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present the rationale and design of a double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility trial combining intranasal insulin (INI) with dulaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, to improve cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Since both INI and dulaglutide have beneficial effects on the cerebrovascular disease (CVD), we anticipate that improved CVD will underlie the hypothesized cognitive benefits. METHODS This 12-months trial will include 80 older adults aged > 60 with MetS and MCI, randomized to 4 groups: INI/dulaglutide injection, intranasal placebo/dulaglutide injection, INI/placebo injection, and intranasal placebo/placebo injection. Feasibility of combining INI with dulaglutide will be tested by examining the ease of use of INI (20IU, twice/day) with dulaglutide (1.5 mg/week), adherence, and safety profile are the efficacy of combination therapy on global cognition and neurobiological markers: cerebral blood flow, cerebral glucose utilization, white matter hyperintensities, Alzheimer's related blood biomarkers and expression of insulin signaling proteins measured in brain-derived exosomes. Efficacy will be assessed for the intent-to-treat sample. DISCUSSION This feasibility study is anticipated to provide the basis for a multi-center large-scale randomized clinical trial of the cognitive benefits of the combination of INI with dulaglutide in individuals enriched for CVD and at high dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Davidy
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Iscka Yore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Endocrinology Institute Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Medicine and Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit H Lesman-Segev
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yossi Azuri
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - HungMo Lin
- Department of anesthesiology and Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- James J. Peters VA Medical Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Niu Y, Lin P. Advances of computer-aided drug design (CADD) in the development of anti-Azheimer's-disease drugs. Drug Discov Today 2023:103665. [PMID: 37302540 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system that progressively destroys memory and thinking skills. Currently there is no treatment to prevent or cure AD; targeting the direct cause of neuronal degeneration would constitute a rational strategy and hopefully offer better options for the treatment of AD. This paper first summarizes the physiological and pathological pathogenesis of AD and then discusses the representative drug candidates for targeted therapy of AD and their binding mode with their targets. Finally, the applications of computer-aided drug design in discovering anti-AD drugs are reviewed. Teaser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Niu
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, 262700, China; Institute of modern physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ohishi-Fukuchi J, Imamura Y, Orihashi R, Kunitake H, Kunitake Y, Tateishi H, Yamada S, Monji A, Mizoguchi Y. Salivary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and MRI-based volume change of the precuneus in community-dwelling elderly people. Psychogeriatrics 2023. [PMID: 37248036 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The noradrenergic systems in the brain maintain cognitive functions including attention/concentration and establishment of long-term memory. In addition, hypofunction of noradrenergic systems is supposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we tried to examine the possible associations of concentrations of basal salivary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (sMHPG), a major metabolite of noradrenaline, and brain volume changes during 4 years in elderly people living in a rural community. METHODS The survey was conducted twice in Kurokawa-cho, Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, among people aged 65 years and older. We collected data from 226 residents. Measurements of sMHPG and brain MRIs were collected at Time 1 (2005-2007). Follow-up brain MRIs were taken at Time 2 (2009-2011). A total of 70 participants (18 men, mean age 71.9 ± 4.8 years; 52 women, mean age 72.0 ± 4.3 years) completed this survey. Concentrations of sMHPG at baseline were divided into two groups using the mean value (12.83 ng/ml). We compared the brain volumes between groups with higher and lower sMHPG concentrations over time using voxel-based morphometry implemented with statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS In participants with higher sMHPG concentrations at baseline, brain volumes including right precuneus were significantly larger 4 years after baseline than those with lower sMHPG concentrations at baseline. No interaction between sMHPG concentration and MRI acquisition interval was found. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher sMHPG concentrations in elderly people might be associated with maintenance of brain volume, especially in brain regions closely related to cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiomi Imamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Orihashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kunitake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kunitake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Maleysm S, Pareek A, Jain V, Pareek A, Kaur R, Singh G. An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051398. [PMID: 37239068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population. It is characterized by cognitive decline, gradual neurodegeneration, and the development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which constitute hyperphosphorylated tau. The early stages of neurodegeneration in AD include the loss of neurons, followed by synaptic impairment. Since the discovery of AD, substantial factual research has surfaced that outlines the disease's causes, molecular mechanisms, and prospective therapeutics, but a successful cure for the disease has not yet been discovered. This may be attributed to the complicated pathogenesis of AD, the absence of a well-defined molecular mechanism, and the constrained diagnostic resources and treatment options. To address the aforementioned challenges, extensive disease modeling is essential to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AD, making it easier to design and develop effective treatment strategies. Emerging evidence over the past few decades supports the critical role of Aβ and tau in AD pathogenesis and the participation of glial cells in different molecular and cellular pathways. This review extensively discusses the current understanding concerning Aβ- and tau-associated molecular mechanisms and glial dysfunction in AD. Moreover, the critical risk factors associated with AD including genetics, aging, environmental variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, viral/bacterial infections, and psychiatric factors have been summarized. The present study will entice researchers to more thoroughly comprehend and explore the current status of the molecular mechanism of AD, which may assist in AD drug development in the forthcoming era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushmita Maleysm
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Miners J, van Hulle C, Ince S, Jonaitis E, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin B, Johnson S, Carlsson C, Asthana S, Love S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Elevated CSF angiopoietin-2 correlates with blood-brain barrier leakiness and markers of neuronal injury in early Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2722280. [PMID: 37131622 PMCID: PMC10153378 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2722280/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the neurovascular unit in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to leakiness of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to cognitive decline and disease pathology. Vascular stability depends on angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) signalling, antagonised by angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) upon endothelial injury. We have examined the relationship between CSF ANGPT2 and CSF markers of BBB leakiness and disease pathology, across three independent cohorts: (i) 31 AD patients and 33 healthy controls grouped according to their biomarker profile (i.e., AD cases t-tau > 400 pg/mL, p-tau > 60 pg/mL and Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL); (ii) 121 participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention or Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research study (84 participants cognitively unimpaired (CU) enriched for a parental history of AD, 19 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 21 with AD); (iii) a neurologically normal cohort aged 23-78 years with paired CSF and serum samples. CSF ANGPT2 level was measured by sandwich ELISA. In cohort (i), CSF ANGPT2 was elevated in AD, correlating with CSF t-tau and p-tau181 but not Aβ42. ANGPT2 also correlated positively with CSF sPDGFRβ and fibrinogen - markers of pericyte injury and BBB leakiness. In cohort (ii), CSF ANGPT2 was highest in MCI. CSF ANGT2 correlated with CSF albumin in the CU and MCI cohorts but not in AD. ANGPT2 also correlated with t-tau and p-tau and with markers of neuronal injury (neurogranin and α-synuclein) and neuroinflammation (GFAP and YKL-40). In cohort (iii), CSF ANGPT2 correlated strongly with the CSF:serum albumin ratio. Increased CSF ANGPT2 and the CSF:serum albumin ratio showed non-significant associations with elevated serum ANGPT2 in this small cohort. Together, these data indicate that CSF ANGPT2 is associated with BBB leakiness in early AD and is closely related to tau pathology and neuronal injury. The utility of serum ANGPT2 as a biomarker of BBB damage in AD requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Selvi Ince
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Erin Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - O C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Barbara Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Sterling Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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Meng M, Liu F, Ma Y, Qin W, Guo L, Peng S, Gordon ML, Wang Y, Zhang N. The identification and cognitive correlation of perfusion patterns measured with arterial spin labeling MRI in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:75. [PMID: 37038198 PMCID: PMC10088108 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dysfunction, including cerebral hypoperfusion, plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), independent of amyloid and tau pathology. We established an AD-related perfusion pattern (ADRP) measured with arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI using multivariate spatial covariance analysis. METHODS We obtained multimodal MRI including pseudo-continuous ASL and neurocognitive testing in a total of 55 patients with a diagnosis of mild to moderate AD supported by amyloid PET and 46 normal controls (NCs). An ADRP was established from an identification cohort of 32 patients with AD and 32 NCs using a multivariate analysis method based on scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis, and pattern expression in individual subjects was quantified for both the identification cohort and a validation cohort (23 patients with AD and 14 NCs). Subject expression score of the ADRP was then used to assess diagnostic accuracy and cognitive correlations in AD patients and compared with global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in specific areas identified from voxel-based univariate analysis. RESULTS The ADRP featured negative loading in the bilateral middle and posterior cingulate and precuneus, inferior parietal lobule, and frontal areas, and positive loading in the right cerebellum and bilateral basal areas. Subject expression score of the ADRP was significantly elevated in AD patients compared with NCs (P < 0.001) and showed good diagnostic accuracy for AD with area under receiver-operator curve of 0.87 [95% CI (0.78-0.96)] in the identification cohort and 0.85 in the validation cohort. Moreover, there were negative correlations between subject expression score and global cognitive function and performance in various cognitive domains in patients with AD. The characteristics of the ADRP topography and subject expression scores were supported by analogous findings obtained with regional CBF. CONCLUSIONS We have reported a characteristic perfusion pattern associated with AD using ASL MRI. Subject expression score of this spatial covariance pattern is a promising MRI biomarker for the identification and monitoring of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lining Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Marc L Gordon
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Thornton T, Mills D, Bliss E. Capsaicin: A Potential Treatment to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Obesity and Ageing. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061537. [PMID: 36986266 PMCID: PMC10057869 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognition is the primary symptom of dementia, which can lead to functional disability and reduced quality of life among an increasingly ageing population. Ageing is associated with increased oxidative stress, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which reduces cerebrovascular function leading to cognitive decline. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions, such as obesity, exacerbate this decline beyond normal ageing and predispose individuals to neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Capsaicin, the major pungent molecule of chilli, has recently demonstrated improvements in cognition in animal models via activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1). Capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activation reduces adiposity, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as improves endothelial function, all of which are associated with cerebrovascular function and cognition. This review examines the current literature on capsaicin and Capsimax, a capsaicin supplement associated with reduced gastrointestinal irritation compared to capsaicin. Acute and chronic capsaicin treatment can improve cognition in animals. However, studies adequately assessing the effects of capsaicin on cerebrovascular function, and cognition in humans do not exist. Capsimax may be a potentially safe therapeutic intervention for future clinical trials testing the effects of capsaicin on cerebrovascular function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Thornton
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Dean Mills
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Edward Bliss
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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Cerasuolo M, Papa M, Colangelo AM, Rizzo MR. Alzheimer’s Disease from the Amyloidogenic Theory to the Puzzling Crossroads between Vascular, Metabolic and Energetic Maladaptive Plasticity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030861. [PMID: 36979840 PMCID: PMC10045635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative disease producing the most common type of dementia worldwide. The main pathogenetic hypothesis in recent decades has been the well-known amyloidogenic hypothesis based on the involvement of two proteins in AD pathogenesis: amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. Amyloid deposition reported in all AD patients is nowadays considered an independent risk factor for cognitive decline. Vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) failure in AD is considered a pivotal mechanism for brain injury, with increased deposition of both immunoglobulins and fibrin. Furthermore, BBB dysfunction could be an early sign of cognitive decline and the early stages of clinical AD. Vascular damage generates hypoperfusion and relative hypoxia in areas with high energy demand. Long-term hypoxia and the accumulation within the brain parenchyma of neurotoxic molecules could be seeds of a self-sustaining pathological progression. Cellular dysfunction comprises all the elements of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and neuronal loss, which could be the result of energy failure and mitochondrial impairment. Brain glucose metabolism is compromised, showing a specific region distribution. This energy deficit worsens throughout aging. Mild cognitive impairment has been reported to be associated with a glucose deficit in the entorhinal cortex and in the parietal lobes. The current aim is to understand the complex interactions between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau and elements of the BBB and NVU in the brain. This new approach aimed at the study of metabolic mechanisms and energy insufficiency due to mitochondrial impairment would allow us to define therapies aimed at predicting and slowing down the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cerasuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks Morphology and System Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience “R. Levi-Montalcini”, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Jacob MA, Cai M, Bergkamp M, Darweesh SKL, Gelissen LMY, Marques J, Norris DG, Duering M, Esselink RAJ, Tuladhar AM, de Leeuw FE. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Progression Increases Risk of Incident Parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:1130-1141. [PMID: 36762437 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with motor impairments and parkinsonian signs cross-sectionally, however, there are little longitudinal data on whether SVD increases risk of incident parkinsonism itself. We investigated the relation between baseline SVD severity as well as SVD progression, and incident parkinsonism over a follow-up of 14 years. METHODS This study included 503 participants with SVD, and without parkinsonism at baseline, from the RUN DMC prospective cohort study. Baseline inclusion was performed in 2006 and follow-up took place in 2011, 2015, and 2020, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and motor assessments. Parkinsonism was diagnosed according to the UK Brain Bank criteria, and stratified into vascular parkinsonism (VaP) and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Linear mixed-effect models were constructed to estimate individual rate changes of MRI-characteristics. RESULTS Follow-up for incident parkinsonism was near-complete (99%). In total, 51 (10.2%) participants developed parkinsonism (33 VaP, 17 IPD, and 1 progressive supranuclear palsy). Patients with incident VaP had higher SVD burden compared with patients with IPD. Higher baseline white matter hyperintensities (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46 per 1-SD increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.78), peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (HR = 1.66 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI = 1.34-2.05), and presence of lacunes (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 0.99-3.42) were associated with increased risk of all-cause parkinsonism. Incident lacunes were associated with incident VaP (HR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.32-16.32). INTERPRETATION Both baseline SVD severity and SVD progression are independently associated with long-term parkinsonism. Our findings indicate a causal role of SVD in parkinsonism. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying pathophysiology of this relation. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina A Jacob
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengfei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mayra Bergkamp
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liza M Y Gelissen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - José Marques
- Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David G Norris
- Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Duering
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC AG) and qbig, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rianne A J Esselink
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li J, Wang C, Zhang P. Effects of traditional Chinese exercise on vascular function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32517. [PMID: 36701718 PMCID: PMC9857473 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an insidious onset, usually characterized by memory impairment, visual-spatial skill impairment, executive dysfunction and personality behavioral changes. Studies have confirmed that vascular dysfunction may precede AD pathological changes and can present as vascular malformations, atherosclerosis, and impaired self-regulation, and can affect oxidative stress and amyloidosis. Therefore, it is important to improve or prevent vascular dysfunction in AD patients. Regular exercise can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species during the occurrence of AD and can improve the reduction of cerebral blood flow due to AD. Previous studies have shown that exercise can achieve superior clinical results in improving vascular function in AD patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) may have a good clinical effect in improving vascular function in patients with AD. METHODS We will search "PubMed," "the Cochrane Library," "Embase," "Web of Science," "CINAHL," "ProQuest Dissertations and Theses," and "ProQuest-Health & Medical Collection," "CNKI," "SinoMed," "VIP," and "Wanfang Data" to find randomized controlled trials of the effects of TCEs on AD vascular function from the creation of the database to the present, including at least 1 indicator in carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MFV), blood indicators [Heme Oxidase-1 (HO-1), angiopoietin I (Ang I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], and arterial stiffness [(Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), pulse wave velocity (PWV)]. For the included literature, Excel 2019 will be used for data extraction and collection. For the indicators that can be netted for network meta-analysis, Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking for each exercise modality will be calculated with the help of Stata 16.0 and rank, where the higher the SUCRA score, the higher the ranking. For the indicators that cannot be netted, Review Manager 5.4 will be used for meta-analysis will be performed to evaluate the improvement effect of TCEs on AD patients. RESULTS This meta-analysis will further determine the efficacy and safety of TCEs on vascular function in AD patients. CONCLUSION In this study, randomized controlled trials of the effects of TCEs on vascular function in AD patients will be selected to provide evidence-based medical evidence for promoting the application of TCEs by observing the order of advantages and disadvantages of various exercise modalities through network meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- * Correspondence: Peizhen Zhang, School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China (e-mail: )
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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Weaver DF, Reed MA. COVID-19 as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1-23. [PMID: 36314211 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although a primarily respiratory disease, recent reports indicate that it also affects the central nervous system (CNS). Over 25% of COVID-19 patients report neurological symptoms such as memory loss, anosmia, hyposmia, confusion, and headaches. The neurological outcomes may be a result of viral entry into the CNS and/or resulting neuroinflammation, both of which underlie an elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we ask: Is COVID-19 a risk factor for AD? To answer, we identify the literature and review mechanisms by which COVID-19-mediated neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of AD, evaluate the effects of acute versus chronic phases of infection, and lastly, discuss potential therapeutics to address the rising rates of COVID-19 neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Dobrynina LA, Makarova AG, Shabalina AA, Burmak AG, Shlapakova PS, Shamtieva KV, Tsypushtanova MM, Trubitsyna VV, Gnedovskaya EV. [A role of altered inflammation-related gene expression in cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:58-68. [PMID: 37796069 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the role of changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes in cerebral microangiopathy/cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four cSVD patients (mean age 61.4±9.2) and 11 controls (mean age 57.3±9.7) were studied. Gene expression was assessed on an individual NanoString nCounter panel of 58 inflammation-related genes and 4 reference genes. A set of genes was generated based on converging results of complete genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in cSVD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and circulating markers associated with vascular wall and Brain lesions in cSVD. RNA was isolated from blood leukocytes and analyzed with the nCounter Analysis System, followed by analysis in nSolver 4.0. Results were verified by real-time PCR. RESULTS CSVD patients had a significant decrease in BIN1 (log2FC=-1.272; p=0.039) and VEGFA (log2FC=-1.441; p=0.038) expression compared to controls, which showed predictive ability for cSVD. The cut-off for BIN1 expression was 5.76 a.u. (sensitivity 73%; specificity 75%) and the cut-off for VEGFA expression was 9.27 a.u. (sensitivity 64%; specificity 86%). Reduced expression of VEGFA (p=0.011), VEGFC (p=0.017), CD2AP (p=0.044) was associated with cognitive impairment (CI). There was a significant direct correlation between VEGFC expression and the scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and between BIN1 and VEGFC expression and delayed memory. CONCLUSION The possible prediction of cSVD by reduced expression levels of BIN1, VEGFA and the association of clinically significant CI with reduced VEGFA and VEGFC expression indicate their importance in the development and progression of the disease. The established importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of AD suggests that similar changes in their expression profile in cSVD may be one of the conditions for the comorbidity of the two pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A G Burmak
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Davenport F, Gallacher J, Kourtzi Z, Koychev I, Matthews PM, Oxtoby NP, Parkes LM, Priesemann V, Rowe JB, Smye SW, Zetterberg H. Neurodegenerative disease of the brain: a survey of interdisciplinary approaches. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220406. [PMID: 36651180 PMCID: PMC9846433 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the brain pose a major and increasing global health challenge, with only limited progress made in developing effective therapies over the last decade. Interdisciplinary research is improving understanding of these diseases and this article reviews such approaches, with particular emphasis on tools and techniques drawn from physics, chemistry, artificial intelligence and psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Gallacher
- Director of Dementias Platform, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoe Kourtzi
- Professor of Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Senior Clinical Researcher, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Consultant Neuropsychiatrist, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul M. Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute Centre, Imperial College London, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil P. Oxtoby
- UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Viola Priesemann
- Max Planck Group Leader and Fellow of the Schiemann Kolleg, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany
| | - James B. Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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50
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Gaggi NL, Ware JB, Dolui S, Brennan D, Torrellas J, Wang Z, Whyte J, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kim JJ. Temporal dynamics of cerebral blood flow during the first year after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal perfusion MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103344. [PMID: 36804686 PMCID: PMC9969322 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which may underlie functional disability and precipitate TBI-induced neurodegeneration. Although it is known that chronic moderate-severe TBI (msTBI) causes decreases in CBF, the temporal dynamics during the early chronic phase of TBI remain unknown. Using arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined longitudinal CBF changes in 29 patients with msTBI at 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury in comparison to 35 demographically-matched healthy controls (HC). We investigated the difference between the two groups and the within-subject time effect in the TBI patients using whole-brain voxel-wise analysis. Mean CBF in gray matter (GM) was lower in the TBI group compared to HC at 6 and 12 months post-injury. Within the TBI group, we identified widespread regional decreases in CBF from 3 to 6 months post-injury. In contrast, there were no regions with decreasing CBF from 6 to 12 months post-injury, indicating stabilization of hypoperfusion. There was instead a small area of increase in CBF observed in the right precuneus. These CBF changes were not accompanied by cortical atrophy. The change in CBF was correlated with change in executive function from 3 to 6 months post-injury in TBI patients, suggesting functional relevance of CBF measures. Understanding the time course of TBI-induced hypoperfusion and its relationship with cognitive improvement could provide an optimal treatment window to benefit long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Gaggi
- City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, Townsend Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States; City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Jeffrey B Ware
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Sudipto Dolui
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Daniel Brennan
- City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, Townsend Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States; City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Julia Torrellas
- City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, Townsend Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States.
| | - Ze Wang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St. S, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - John Whyte
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA 19027, United States.
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Junghoon J Kim
- City University of New York (CUNY) School of Medicine, Townsend Harris Hall, 160 Convent Avenue, Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States; City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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