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Dejoie JM, Senia N, Konova A, Smith D, Fareri D. Common and Distinct Drug Cue Reactivity Patterns Associated with Cocaine and Heroin: An fMRI Meta-Analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.10.19.23297268. [PMID: 37905133 PMCID: PMC10615011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.23297268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Substance use and substance use disorders represent ongoing major public health crises. Specifically, the use of substances such as cocaine and heroin are responsible for over 50,000 drug related deaths combined annually. We used a comparative meta-analysis procedure to contrast activation patterns associated with cocaine and heroin cue reactivity, which may reflect substance use risk for these substances. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies with within-subject whole brain analyses comparing drug to neutral cues for users of cocaine and heroin published between 1995 and 2022. A total of 18 studies were included, 9 in each subgroup. Voxel-based meta-analyses were performed using seed-based d mapping with permuted subject images (SDM-PSI) for subgroup mean analyses and a contrast meta-regression comparing the two substances. Results from our mean analysis indicated that users of heroin showed more widespread activation in the nucleus accumbens, right inferior and left middle temporal gyrus, right thalamus, and right cerebellum. Cocaine use was associated with recruitment of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cue reactivity. Direct comparison of cue reactivity studies in heroin relative to cocaine users revealed greater activation in dopaminergic targets for users of heroin compared to users of cocaine. Differential activation patterns between substances may underlie differences in the clinical characteristics observed in users of cocaine and heroin, including seeking emotional blunting in users of heroin. More consistent research methodology is needed to provide adequate studies for stringent meta-analyses examining common and distinct neural activation patterns across substances and moderation by clinically relevant factors.
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Baldi S, Schuhmann T, Goossens L, Schruers KRJ. Individualized, connectome-based, non-invasive stimulation of OCD deep-brain targets: A proof-of-concept. Neuroimage 2024; 288:120527. [PMID: 38286272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) generally improves with deep-brain stimulation (DBS), thought to modulate neural activity at both the implantation site and in connected brain regions. However, its invasive nature, side-effects, and lack of customization, make non-invasive treatments preferable. Harnessing the established remote effects of cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), connectivity-based approaches have emerged for depression that aim at influencing distant regions connected to the stimulation site. We here investigated whether effective OCD DBS targets (here subthalamic nucleus [STN] and nucleus accumbens [NAc]) could be modulated non-invasively with TMS. In a proof-of-concept study with nine healthy individuals, we used 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and probabilistic tractography to reconstruct the fiber tracts traversing manually segmented STN/NAc. Two TMS targets were individually selected based on the strength of their structural connectivity to either the STN, or both the STN and NAc. In a sham-controlled, within-subject cross-over design, TMS was administered over the personalized targets, located around the precentral and middle frontal gyrus. Resting-state functional 3T MRI was acquired before, and at 5 and 25 min after stimulation to investigate TMS-induced changes in the functional connectivity of the STN and NAc with other regions of the brain. Static and dynamic seed-to-voxel correlation analyses were conducted. TMS over both targets was able to modulate the functional connectivity of the STN and NAc, engaging both overlapping and distinct regions, and unfolding following different temporal dynamics. Given the relevance of the engaged connected regions to OCD pathology, we argue that a personalized, connectivity-based procedure is worth investigating as potential treatment for refractory OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Baldi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Teresa Schuhmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Goossens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen R J Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Schmill MP, Thompson Z, Lee D, Haddadin L, Mitra S, Ezzat R, Shelton S, Levin P, Behnam S, Huffman KJ, Garland T. Hippocampal, Whole Midbrain, Red Nucleus, and Ventral Tegmental Area Volumes Are Increased by Selective Breeding for High Voluntary Wheel-Running Behavior. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2023; 98:245-263. [PMID: 37604130 DOI: 10.1159/000533524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering relationships between neuroanatomy, behavior, and evolution are important for understanding the factors that control brain function. Voluntary exercise is one key behavior that both affects, and may be affected by, neuroanatomical variation. Moreover, recent studies suggest an important role for physical activity in brain evolution. We used a unique and ongoing artificial selection model in which mice are bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior, yielding four replicate lines of high runner (HR) mice that run ∼3-fold more revolutions per day than four replicate nonselected control (C) lines. Previous studies reported that, with body mass as a covariate, HR mice had heavier whole brains, non-cerebellar brains, and larger midbrains than C mice. We sampled mice from generation 66 and used high-resolution microscopy to test the hypothesis that HR mice have greater volumes and/or cell densities in nine key regions from either the midbrain or limbic system. In addition, half of the mice were given 10 weeks of wheel access from weaning, and we predicted that chronic exercise would increase the volumes of the examined brain regions via phenotypic plasticity. We replicated findings that both selective breeding and wheel access increased total brain mass, with no significant interaction between the two factors. In HR compared to C mice, adjusting for body mass, both the red nucleus (RN) of the midbrain and the hippocampus (HPC) were significantly larger, and the whole midbrain tended to be larger, with no effect of wheel access nor any interactions. Linetype and wheel access had an interactive effect on the volume of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), such that wheel access increased PAG volume in C mice but decreased volume in HR mice. Neither linetype nor wheel access affected volumes of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum (VP), or basolateral amygdala. We found no main effect of either linetype or wheel access on neuronal densities (numbers of cells per unit area) for any of the regions examined. Taken together, our results suggest that the increased exercise phenotype of HR mice is related to increased RN and hippocampal volumes, but that chronic exercise alone does not produce such phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Schmill
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Zoe Thompson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah, USA
| | - Daisy Lee
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Laurence Haddadin
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shaarang Mitra
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Raymond Ezzat
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Samantha Shelton
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Phillip Levin
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sogol Behnam
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Kelly J Huffman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Wadsley M, Ihssen N. A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional MRI Studies Investigating Social Networking Site Use. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050787. [PMID: 37239257 PMCID: PMC10216498 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the neurocognitive profile underlying the use of social networking sites (SNSs) can help inform decisions about the classification of problematic SNS use as an addictive disorder and elucidate how/when 'SNS addiction' might develop. The present review aimed to synthesize structural and functional MRI research investigating problematic/compulsive forms of SNS use or regular (non-addicted) SNS use behaviours. We conducted a systematic search for research articles published in English using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to October 2022. Studies meeting our inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and a narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Twenty-eight relevant articles were identified comprising structural MRI (n = 9), resting-state fMRI (n = 6) and task-based fMRI studies (n = 13). Current evidence suggests that problematic SNS use might be characterised by (1) reduced volume of the ventral striatum, amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and posterior insula; (2) increased ventral striatum and precuneus activity in response to SNS cues; (3) abnormal functional connectivity involving the dorsal attention network; (4) inter-hemispheric communication deficits. Regular SNS use behaviours appear to recruit regions involved in the mentalising network, the self-referential cognition network, the salience network, the reward network and the default mode network. Such findings are at least partially consistent with observations from the substance addiction literature and provide some provisional support for the addictive potential of SNSs. Nonetheless, the present review is limited by the small number of eligible studies and large heterogeneity in the methods employed, and so our conclusions should remain tentative. Moreover, there is a lack of longitudinal evidence suggesting SNSs cause neuroadaptations and thus conclusions that problematic SNS use represents a disease process akin to substance use addictions are premature. More well-powered longitudinal research is needed to establish the neural consequences of excessive and problematic SNS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wadsley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Niklas Ihssen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Ceceli AO, Huang Y, Kronberg G, Malaker P, Miller P, King SG, Gaudreault PO, McClain N, Gabay L, Vasa D, Newcorn JH, Ekin D, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Common and distinct fronto-striatal volumetric changes in heroin and cocaine use disorders. Brain 2023; 146:1662-1671. [PMID: 36200376 PMCID: PMC10319776 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different drugs of abuse impact the morphology of fronto-striatal dopaminergic targets in both common and unique ways. While dorsal striatal volume tracks with addiction severity across drug classes, opiates impact ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neuroplasticity in preclinical models, and psychostimulants alter inhibitory control, rooted in cortical regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). We hypothesized parallel grey matter volume changes associated with human heroin or cocaine use disorder: lower grey matter volume of vmPFC/NAcc in heroin use disorder and IFG in cocaine use disorder, and putamen grey matter volume to be associated with addiction severity measures (including craving) across both. In this cross-sectional study, we quantified grey matter volume (P < 0.05-corrected) in age/sex/IQ-matched individuals with heroin use disorder (n = 32, seven females), cocaine use disorder (n = 32, six females) and healthy controls (n = 32, six females) and compared fronto-striatal volume between groups using voxel-wise general linear models and non-parametric permutation-based tests. Overall, individuals with heroin use disorder had smaller vmPFC and NAcc/putamen volumes than healthy controls. Bilateral lower IFG grey matter volume patterns were specifically evident in cocaine versus heroin use disorders. Correlations between addiction severity measures and putamen grey matter volume did not reach nominal significance level in this sample. These results indicate alterations in dopamine-innervated regions (in the vmPFC and NAcc) in heroin addiction. For the first time we demonstrate lower IFG grey matter volume specifically in cocaine compared with heroin use disorder, suggesting a signature of reduced inhibitory control, which remains to be tested directly using select behavioural measures. Overall, results suggest substance-specific volumetric changes in human psychostimulant or opiate addiction, with implications for fine-tuning biomarker and treatment identification by primary drug of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O Ceceli
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Greg Kronberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pazia Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah G King
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Natalie McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lily Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Devarshi Vasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Defne Ekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Shi Z, Li X, Byanyima J, O’Brien CP, Childress AR, Lynch KG, Loughead J, Wiers CE, Langleben DD. Effects of current smoking severity on brain gray matter volume in opioid use disorder - a voxel-based morphometry study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:180-189. [PMID: 36787540 PMCID: PMC10164057 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2169616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) and opioid use disorder (OUD) significantly alter brain structure. Although OUD and cigarette smoking are highly comorbid, most prior neuroimaging research in OUD did not control for smoking severity. Specifically, the combined effect of smoking and OUD on the brain gray matter volume (GMV) remains unknown.Objectives: We used structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to examine: (1) the GMV differences between OUD and non-OUD individuals with comparable smoking severity; and (2) the differential effect of smoking severity on the brain GMV between individuals with and without OUD.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of existing sMRI datasets of 116 individuals who smoked cigarettes daily, among whom 60 had OUD (CS-OUD; 37 male, 23 female) and 56 did not (CS; 31 male, 25 female). Brain GMV was estimated by voxel-based morphometry analysis.Results: Compared to the CS group, the CS-OUD group had a higher GMV in the occipital cortex and lower GMV in the prefrontal and temporal cortex, striatum, and pre/postcentral gyrus (whole-brain corrected-p < .05). There was a significant interaction between group and smoking severity on GMV in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (whole-brain corrected-p < .05), such that heavier smoking was associated with lower medial orbitofrontal GMV in the CS-OUD but not CS participants (r=-0.32 vs. 0.12).Conclusions: Our findings suggest a combination of independent and interactive effects of cigarette smoking and OUD on the brain gray matter. Elucidating the neuroanatomical correlates of comorbid opioid and tobacco use may shed the light on the development of novel interventions for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juliana Byanyima
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles P. O’Brien
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin G. Lynch
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Loughead
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market St Ste 500, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Schaub AC, Vogel M, Baumgartner S, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Schmidt A, Walter M. Striatal resting-state connectivity after long-term diacetylmorphine treatment in opioid-dependent patients. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac275. [PMID: 36382218 PMCID: PMC9642101 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatment approaches for opioid-dependent patients include injectable opioid agonist treatment with diacetylmorphine. While evidence has shown beneficial clinical effects of diacetylmorphine, it is still not clear how long-term diacetylmorphine treatment affects the brain and whether functional brain changes are accompanied by clinical improvements. Therefore, this prospective case-control study focuses on long-term effects of diacetylmorphine on resting-state functional connectivity. We included opioid-dependent patients (N = 22, age range 33-58, 16 males) treated with diacetylmorphine and healthy controls (N = 9, age range 27-55, 5 males) that underwent two MRI assessments approximately nine years apart. For the patients, the assessments took part shortly after the diacetylmorphine intake to be able to explore changes in resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions related to the stage of binge and intoxication (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens). A cluster in the right superior frontal gyrus was detected, showing over nine years an increase in functional connectivity originating from the left caudate and the left accumbens in patients but not in healthy controls. These connectivity changes in patients were related to the duration of the diacetylmorphine treatment at the follow-up, indicating smaller increases in functional connectivity with longer treatment duration (r = 0.63, P < 0.01). These results suggest that long-term diacetylmorphine treatment in opioid-dependent patients increases fronto-striatal connections, an effect that is linked to the duration of the treatment duration. Future research needs to further address the wide-ranging effects of diacetylmorphine on brain functioning and deepen the understanding of their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Chiara Schaub
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Baumgartner
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatrische Dienste Aargau, Windisch, Switzerland
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Yu S, Wei W, Liu L, Guo X, Shen Z, Tian J, Zeng F, Liang F, Yang J. The hypertrophic amygdala shape associated with anxiety in patients with primary dysmenorrhea during pain-free phase: insight from surface-based shape analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1954-1963. [PMID: 35871437 PMCID: PMC9581870 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is highly associated with mood symptoms. However, the neuropathology of these comorbidities is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the structural changes in the amygdala of patients with PDM during the pain-free phase using a surface-based shape analysis. Methods Forty-three PDM patients and forty healthy controls were recruited in the study, and all participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans during their periovulatory phase. FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) was employed to assess the subcortical volumetric and surface alterations in patients with PDM. Moreover, correlation and mediation analyses were used to detect the clinical significance of the subcortical morphometry alteration. Results PDM patients showed hypertrophic alteration of the amygdala in the left superficial nuclei and right basolateral and superficial nuclei but not for the whole amygdala volume. The hypertrophic amygdala was associated with disease duration, pain severity and anxiety symptoms during the menstrual period. Furthermore, the hypertrophic left amygdala could mediate the association between disease duration and anxiety severity. Conclusions The results of the current study demonstrated that the localized amygdala shape hypertrophy was present in PDM patients even in the pain-free phase. In addition, the mediator role of the hypertrophic amygdala indicates the potential target of amygdala for anxiety treatment in PDM treatment in the pain-free phase. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11682-022-00664-3.
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Liu M, Sun Y, Li X, Chen Z. Hypoperfusion in nucleus accumbens in chronic migraine using 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling imaging MRI. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:72. [PMID: 35761188 PMCID: PMC9235082 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) played an important role in pain mediation, and presents changes of neuronal plasticity and functional connectivity. However, less is known about altered perfusion of NAcc in chronic migraine (CM). The aim of this study is to investigate the altered perfusion of the NAcc in CM using a MR three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D PCASL) imaging. Methods Thirteen CM patients and 15 normal controls (NC) were enrolled and underwent 3D PCASL and brain structural imaging. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) images were co-registered with the brain structural images, and the volume and CBF value of NAcc were extracted from the raw brain structural images and co-registered CBF images using an individual NAcc mask, which was obtained from the AAL3 template under transformation by the inverse deformation field generated from the segmentation of the brain structural images. The independent sample t test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the altered volume and perfusion of the NAcc in CM patients. Results There was no significant difference for the volume of bilateral NAccs between CM and NC (p > 0.05). CM presented a lower CBF value (49.34 ± 6.09 ml/100 mg/min) compared with that of NC (55.83 ± 6.55 ml/100 mg/min) in left NAcc (p = 0.01), while right NAcc showed no significant difference between CM and NC (p = 0.11). ROC analysis identified that the area under the curve was 0.73 (95CI% 0.53–0.88) with cut-off value 48.63 ml/100 mg/min with sensitivity 50.00% and specificity 93.33%. The correlation analysis found a negative correlation between the CBF value of the left NAcc and VAS score (r = -0.61, p = 0.04). Conclusion Hypoperfusion of the left NAcc was observed in CM, which could be considered as a potential diagnostic imaging biomarker in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China.,Department of Radiology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yijie Sun
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiye Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China. .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Rodriguez-Moreno DV, Cycowicz YM, Amsel LV, Cheslack-Postava K, He X, Ryan M, Geronazzo-Alman L, Musa GJ, Bisaga A, Hoven CW. Shapes of subcortical structures in adolescents with and without familial history of substance use disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2759-2770. [PMID: 35393707 PMCID: PMC9120549 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that intergenerational transmission of risk for substance use disorder (SUD) manifests in the brain anatomy of substance naïve adolescents. While volume and shapes of subcortical structures (SSS) have been shown to be heritable, these structures, especially the pallidum, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus, have also been associated with substance use disorders. However, it is not clear if those anatomical differences precede substance use or are the result of that use. Therefore, we examined if volume and SSS of adolescents with a family history (FH+) of SUD differed from adolescents without such a history (FH−). Because risk for SUD is associated with anxiety and impulsivity, we also examined correlations between these psychological characteristics and volume/SSS. Using structural MRI and FSL software, we segmented subcortical structures and obtained indices of SSS and volumes of 64 FH+ and 58 FH− adolescents. We examined group differences in volume and SSS, and the correlations between volume/SSS and trait anxiety and impulsivity. FH+ adolescents had a significant inward deformation in the shape of the right anterior hippocampus compared to FH− adolescents, while the volume of this structure did not differ between groups. Neither shape nor volume of the other subcortical structures differed between groups. In the FH+ adolescents, the left hippocampus shape was positively correlated with both trait anxiety and impulsivity, while in FH− adolescents a negative correlation pattern of SSS was seen in the hippocampus. SSS appears to capture local anatomical features that traditional volumetric analysis does not. The inward shape deformation in the right anterior hippocampus in FH+ adolescents may be related to the known increased risk for behavioral dysregulation leading to SUD in FH+ offspring. Hippocampus shape also exhibits opposite patterns of correlation with anxiety and impulsivity scores across the FH+ and FH− adolescents. These novel findings may reveal neural correlates, not captured by traditional volumetric analysis, of familial transmission of increased vulnerability to SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishun Wang
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana V Rodriguez-Moreno
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yael M Cycowicz
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence V Amsel
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Ryan
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lupo Geronazzo-Alman
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - George J Musa
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam Bisaga
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina W Hoven
- The Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Yang W, Zhang M, Tang F, Du Y, Fan L, Luo J, Yan C, Wang S, Zhang J, Yuan K, Liu J. Recovery of superior frontal gyrus cortical thickness and resting-state functional connectivity in abstinent heroin users after 8 months of follow-up. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3164-3175. [PMID: 35324057 PMCID: PMC9188969 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with healthy controls, heroin users (HUs) show evidence of structural and functional brain alterations. However, little is known about the possibility of brain recovery after protracted heroin abstinence. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether brain recovery is possible after protracted abstinence in HUs. A total of 108 subjects with heroin addiction completed structural and functional scans, and 61 of those subjects completed 8-month follow-up scans. Resting-state data and 3D-T1 MR images were collected for all participants, first at baseline and again after 8 months. Cognitive function and craving were measured by the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) and Visual Analog Scale for Craving, respectively. The cortical thickness and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) differences were then analyzed and compared between baseline and follow-up, and correlations were obtained between neuroimaging and behavioral changes. HUs demonstrated improved cognition (shorter TMT-A time) and reduced craving at the follow-up (HU2) relative to baseline (HU1), and the cortical thickness in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was significantly greater at HU2 than at HU1. Additionally, the RSFC of the left SFG with the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), insula, and nucleus accumbens and that of the right SFG with the IFG, insula and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were increased at HU2. The changes in TMT-A time were negatively correlated with the RSFC changes between the left SFG and the bilateral IFG, the bilateral caudate, and the right insula. The changes in craving were negatively correlated with the RSFC changes between the left OFC and the bilateral SFG. Our results demonstrated that impaired frontal-limbic neurocircuitry can be partially restored, which might enable improved cognition as well as reduced craving in substance-abusing individuals. We provided novel scientific evidence for the partial recovery of brain circuits implicated in cognition and craving after protracted abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyao Du
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Yan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Gokarakonda SB, Boydstun JM, Yilanli M, Han X, Kumar N, Oliveto AH, Mancino MJ. Impact of state and trait anxiety severity on retention and phase advancement in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program. Am J Addict 2022; 31:219-225. [PMID: 35243715 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Comorbid anxiety is common among buprenorphine patients and may lead to poorer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and impact of anxiety severity, measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form Y-1 & Y2 scale, on treatment outcomes (retention and phase advancement) among outpatient buprenorphine-treated patients. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 94 patients admitted to an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program was conducted. Patients were dichotomized into high and low severity groups based upon an STAI State Anxiety (S-Anxiety) and STAI Trait Anxiety (T-Anxiety) score ≥60 and <60, respectively. Associations of anxiety severity on successful phase advancement and retention during the first 90 days of treatment were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-one of 94 (22%) participants reported high S-Anxiety and had a significantly greater likelihood of phase advancement (OR = 12.80, 95% CI = [1.19, 136.71]) than those with low S-Anxiety. No significant associations were found between either S-Anxiety or T-Anxiety and treatment retention. Current alcohol use and UDS negative test results for THC or amphetamines were each associated with phase advancement. THC negative UDS test results were associated with 90-day treatment retention. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Contrary to prior reports, buprenorphine patients with higher state anxiety severity demonstrated similar retention and more rapid phase advancement than those with lower state anxiety severity. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify current anxiety severity using the STAI scale and evaluate its impact on treatment outcomes among buprenorphine-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa B Gokarakonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jacob M Boydstun
- Addiction Psychiatrist, Springwoods Behavioral Health, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Musa Yilanli
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nihit Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alison H Oliveto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael J Mancino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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13
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Xue J, Chen J, Wang S, Li W, Zhu J, Wang F, Li Z, Wang W, Li Q. Assessing brain activity in male heroin-dependent individuals under methadone maintenance treatment: A resting-state fMRI study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 320:111431. [PMID: 35007942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is recognized as an effective and mainstream alternative treatment for heroin addiction. However, the effect of long-term MMT on the local and global brain activity of heroin-dependent individuals during resting state remains unknown. Twenty-five heroin-dependent individuals under MMT, 26 heroin-dependent individuals after short-term abstinence (HA) and 42 healthy controls (HC) were included in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The craving before and after heroin cue exposure were evaluated among HA and MMT subjects. The difference in craving, regional homogeneity (ReHo) and related functional connectivity were analyzed among the three groups. We found that the craving before and after heroin cue exposure of MMT group was significantly lower than that of HA group. Compared with HA group, the MMT group showed higher ReHo value in the right orbitofrontal cortex and bilateral posterior central cortex. No significant difference in global brain connectivity based on differential ReHo regions was found among the three groups. This study demonstrated the long-term MMT could improve the local activity of executive control and somatosensory brain regions in heroin-dependent individuals. It suggested that MMT might be beneficial to restoring executive control and somatosensory function in the direction towards that of healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhua Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Radiology, xian NO.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Canon Medical Systems (China) Co., LTD, MR Division, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Gos T, Steiner J, Trübner K, Krzyżanowska M, Kaliszan M. Ribosomal DNA transcription is increased in the left nucleus accumbens of heroin-dependent males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1603-1609. [PMID: 35567616 PMCID: PMC9106793 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a worldwide problem accentuated in the USA and European countries by the COVID-19 pandemic. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an outstanding neurobiological role in opioid addiction as a part of the striatum and key component of brain reward system. The striatal GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) are the main neuronal type in the NAc where addiction-specific synaptic plasticity occurs. The activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription is crucial for neural plasticity and molecular studies suggest its increase in the NAc of heroin addicts. Silver-stained argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) areas visualised in neuronal nuclei in paraffin-embedded brain sections are reliable morphological estimators of rDNA transcription and thus surrogate markers for the activity of brain regions. Our study revealed increased AgNOR areas in MSNs of the left NAc in 11 heroin addicts versus 11 healthy controls from the Magdeburg Brain Bank (U-test P = 0.007). No differences were observed in another investigated part of the striatum, namely the head of caudate nucleus, which is located closely to the NAc. The results were not confounded by significant differences in the age, brain volume and time of formalin fixation existing between compared groups. Our findings suggest an increased NAc activity in heroin addicts, which is consistent with human and animal experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Johann Steiner
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Trübner
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marta Krzyżanowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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The role of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum in feeding and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110394. [PMID: 34242717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global epidemic that stems from the increasing availability of highly-palatable foods and the consequent enhanced calorie consumption. Extensive research has shown that brain regions that are central to reward seeking modulate feeding and evidence linking obesity to pathology in such regions have recently started to accumulate. In this review we focus on the contribution of two major interconnected structures central to reward processing, the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum, to obesity. We first review the known literature linking these structures to feeding behavior, then discuss recent advances connecting pathology in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to obesity, and finally examine the similarities and differences between drug addiction and obesity in the context of these two structures. The understanding of how pathology in brain regions involved in reward seeking and consumption may drive obesity and how mechanistically similar obesity and addiction are, is only now starting to be revealed. We hope that future research will advance knowledge in the field and open new avenues to studying and treating obesity.
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16
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Xu Y, Wang S, Chen L, Shao Z, Zhang M, Liu S, Wen X, Li Y, Yang W, Tang F, Luo J, Fan L, Yan C, Liu J, Yuan K. Reduced midbrain functional connectivity and recovery in abstinent heroin users. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:168-176. [PMID: 34662755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic pathways from the midbrain to striatum as well as cortex are involved in addiction. However, the alternations of these pathways and whether the recoveries of aberrant circuits would be detected after prolonged abstinence in heroin users are rarely known. The resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns of midbrain (i.e., the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN)) were compared between 40 abstinent heroin users with opioid use disorder (HUs) and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we tested the functional recovery hypothesis by both cross-sectional and longitudinal design. For cross-sectional design, HUs were separated into short-term abstainers (STs) (3-15 days) and long-term abstainers (LTs) (>15 days). With regard to longitudinal design, 22 subjects among HUs were followed up for 10 months. A sandwich estimator method was used to analyze the differences between baseline HUs and follow-up HUs. HUs showed lower RSFC between midbrain and several cortical areas (medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and anterior cingulate cortex) compared with HCs. Besides, lower RSFC of VTA-right nucleus accumbens circuit as well as right SN- caudate circuit was also found in HUs. The enhanced RSFC value of VTA-left mOFC circuit was observed in LTs, compared with STs. Additionally, longitudinal design also revealed the increased RSFC values of the midbrain with frontal cortex after 10 months prolonged abstinence. We revealed abnormal functional organizations of midbrain-striato and midbrain-cortical circuits in HUs. More importantly, partially recovery of these dysfunctions can be found after long-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longmao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Wen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangding Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Yan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Bach P, Frischknecht U, Reinhard I, Bekier N, Demirakca T, Ende G, Vollstädt-Klein S, Kiefer F, Hermann D. Impaired working memory performance in opioid-dependent patients is related to reduced insula gray matter volume: a voxel-based morphometric study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:813-822. [PMID: 31422451 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-dependent patients frequently show deficits in multiple cognitive domains that might impact on their everyday life performance and interfere with therapeutic efforts. To date, the neurobiological underpinnings of those deficits remain to be determined. We investigated working memory performance and gray matter volume (GMV) differences in 17 patients on opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and 17 healthy individuals using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we explored associations between substance intake, gray matter volume, and working memory task performance. Patients on OMT committed more errors during the working memory task than healthy individuals and showed smaller insula and putamen GMV. The duration of heroin use prior to OMT was associated with working memory performance and insula GMV in patients. Neither the substitution agent (methadone and buprenorphine) nor concurrent abuse of illegal substances during the 3 months prior to the experiment was significantly associated with GMV. Results indicate that impaired working memory performance and structural deficits in the insula of opioid-dependent patients are related to the duration of heroin use. This suggests that early inclusion into OMT or abstinence-oriented therapies that shorten the period of heroin abuse may limit the impairments to GMV and cognitive performance of opioid-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Frischknecht
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina Bekier
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Traute Demirakca
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Derik Hermann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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18
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Müller UJ, Ahrens M, Vasilevska V, Dobrowolny H, Schiltz K, Schlaaff K, Mawrin C, Frodl T, Bogerts B, Gos T, Truebner K, Bernstein HG, Steiner J. Reduced habenular volumes and neuron numbers in male heroin addicts: a post-mortem study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:835-845. [PMID: 33001272 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Habenula is increasingly being investigated in addiction. Reduced volumes of other relevant brain regions in addiction, such as nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus and hypothalamus have been reported. Reduced volumes of the habenula as well as reduced neuronal cell count in the habenula have also been reported in mood disorders and an overlap between mood disorders and addiction is clinically widely recognized. Thus, our aim was to investigate possible volume and neuronal cell count differences in heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. Volumes of the medial (MHB) and lateral habenula (LHB) in heroin addicts (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 12) were assessed by morphometry of 20 µm serial whole brain sections. Total brain volume was larger in the heroin group (mean 1466.6 ± 58.5 cm3 vs. mean 1331.5 ± 98.8 cm3), possibly because the heroin group was about 15 years younger (p = 0.001). Despite larger mean whole brain volume, the mean relative volume of the MHB was smaller than in healthy non-addicted controls (6.94 ± 2.38 × 10-6 vs.10.64 ± 3.22 × 10-6; p = 0.004). A similar finding was observed regarding relative volumes of the LHB (46.62 ± 10.90 × 10-6 vs. 63.05 ± 16.42 × 10-6 p = 0.009). In parallel, neuronal cell numbers were reduced in the MHB of heroin-addicted subjects (395,966 ± 184,178 vs. 644,149 ± 131,140; p < 0.001). These findings were not significantly confounded by age and duration of autolysis. Our results provide further evidence for brain-structural deficits in heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany.
| | - Moritz Ahrens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Vasilevska
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kurt Truebner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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19
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Bhanji JP, Delgado MR, Ray S. Neural responses to negative events and subsequent persistence behavior differ in individuals recovering from opioid use disorder compared to controls. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:319-329. [PMID: 33735587 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1888960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Negative emotion is associated with substance craving and use in individuals recovering from substance use disorders, including prescription opioid use disorder (POUD). Decisions to abandon or persist towards a goal after negative emotion-eliciting events, and neural responses that shape such decisions, may be important in maintaining recovery from POUD.Objectives: We examined differences in neural responses to negative events and subsequent persistence decisions in individuals recovering from POUD without a history of a substance use disorder. Methods: 20 individuals with POUD (POUD group: 4 females, abstinent 2-3 weeks after admission to an inpatient treatment facility post-detoxification, no other substance use disorder), and 20 individuals with no substance use history (control group: 6 females) completed a persistence-after-setbacks task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants advanced along a path toward a reward; after encountering each negative event (i.e., progress-erasing setback), participants made decisions to persist or abandon the path. Persistence decision rates were compared between groups and blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal to negative events was analyzed within a striatum region of interest (ROI) as well as whole-brain.Results: The POUD group persisted less (t(38) = 2.293, p = .028, d = .725) and showed lower striatum (left ventral putamen) signal to negative events compared to the control group (p < .05, corrected for striatum ROI).Conclusions: In POUD, neural and behavioral responses to negative events differ from controls. These differences are a target for research to address whether POUD treatment increases persistence and striatum responses to negative events and improves recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil P Bhanji
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Suchismita Ray
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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20
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Ndlovu NA, Morgan N, Malapile S, Subramaney U, Daniels W, Naidoo J, van den Heuvel MP, Calvey T. Fronto-temporal cortical atrophy in 'nyaope' combination heroin and cannabis use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108630. [PMID: 33667779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the top three regions with the highest rates of opioid-related premature mortality. Nyaope is the street name for what is believed to be a drug cocktail in South Africa although recent research suggests that it is predominantly heroin. Nyaope powder is most commonly smoked together with cannabis, a drug-use pattern unique to the region. Due to the increasing burden of this drug in low-income communities and the absence of human structural neuroimaging data of combination heroin and cannabis use disorder, we initiated an important cohort study in order to identify neuroanatomical sequelae. Twenty-eight male nyaope users and thirty healthy, matched controls were recruited from drug rehabilitation centers and the community, respectively. T1-weighted MRI images were obtained using a 3 T General Electric Discovery and cortical thickness was examined and compared. Nyaope users displayed extensive grey matter atrophy in the right hemispheric medial orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, superior temporal, superior frontal, and supramarginal gyri (two-sided t-test, p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Our findings indicate cortical abnormality in nyaope users in regions involved in impulse control, decision making, social- and self-perception, and working memory. Importantly, affected brain regions show large overlap with the pattern of cortical abnormalities shown in heroin use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhanisi A Ndlovu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nirvana Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stella Malapile
- The Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ugasvaree Subramaney
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William Daniels
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaishree Naidoo
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanya Calvey
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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21
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Murray K, Lin Y, Makary MM, Whang PG, Geha P. Brain Structure and Function of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients on Long-Term Opioid Analgesic Treatment: A Preliminary Study. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921990938. [PMID: 33567986 PMCID: PMC7883154 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921990938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often treated with opioid analgesics (OA), a class of medications associated with a significant risk of misuse. However, little is known about how treatment with OA affect the brain in chronic pain patients. Gaining this knowledge is a necessary first step towards understanding OA associated analgesia and elucidating long-term risk of OA misuse. Here we study CLBP patients chronically medicated with opioids without any evidence of misuse and compare them to CLBP patients not on opioids and to healthy controls using structural and functional brain imaging. CLBP patients medicated with OA showed loss of volume in the nucleus accumbens and thalamus, and an overall significant decrease in signal to noise ratio in their sub-cortical areas. Power spectral density analysis (PSD) of frequency content in the accumbens’ resting state activity revealed that both medicated and unmedicated patients showed loss of PSD within the slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) while only CLBP patients on OA showed additional density loss within the slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz). We conclude that chronic treatment with OA is associated with altered brain structure and function within sensory limbic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yezhe Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meena M Makary
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter G Whang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Geha
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Blackwood CA, Cadet JL. The molecular neurobiology and neuropathology of opioid use disorder. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2. [PMID: 35548327 PMCID: PMC9090195 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with opioid use disorder has skyrocketed as a consequence of the opioid epidemic and the increased prescribing of opioid drugs for chronic pain relief. Opioid use disorder is characterized by loss of control of drug taking, continued drug use in the presence of adverse consequences, and repeated relapses to drug taking even after long periods of abstinence. Patients who suffer from opioid use disorder often present with cognitive deficits that are potentially secondary to structural brain abnormalities that vary according to the chemical composition of the abused opioid. This review details the neurobiological effects of oxycodone, morphine, heroin, methadone, and fentanyl on brain neurocircuitries by presenting the acute and chronic effects of these drugs on the human brain. In addition, we review results of neuroimaging in opioid use disorder patients and/or histological studies from brains of patients who had expired after acute intoxication following long-term use of these drugs. Moreover, we include relevant discussions of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in promoting abnormalities in the brains of opioid-exposed patients. Finally, we discuss how novel strategies could be used to provide pharmacological treatment against opioid use disorder. Brain abnormalities caused by opioid intoxication. Intoxication of opioids leads to defects in brain neurocircuitries. Insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with craving in heroin addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Corresponding author.Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program 251 Bayview Boulevard Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Oh H, Gosnell S, Nguyen T, Tran T, Kosten TR, Salas R. Cingulate Cortex Structural Alterations in Substance Use Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients. Am J Addict 2020; 30:72-79. [PMID: 33232571 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Substance use disorder (SUD) includes maladaptive patterns of substance use despite negative consequences. Previous structural neuroimaging studies showed some structural alterations in SUD, but it remains unknown whether these alterations are specifically associated with SUD or common comorbidities. This study attempts to validate the findings of structural differences between SUD, healthy controls (HC), and psychiatric controls (PC). METHODS We used HC (N = 86) matched for demographics, and PC (N = 86) matched for demographics and psychiatric diagnoses to a group of SUD patients (N = 86). We assessed the group differences of subcortical volumes, cortical volumes, thickness, and surface areas between SUD and HC. We then analyzed the group differences between SUD and PC within regions showing differences between SUD and HC. RESULTS SUD had smaller left nucleus accumbens, right thalamus, right hippocampus, left caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume, and larger right caudal ACC volume, and right caudal ACC, right caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) surface than HC. Increased right caudal ACC volume and right PCC surface in SUD were the only findings when compared with PC. Several areas showed thickness alterations between SUD and HC, but none survived multiple comparisons vs PC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cingulate structures may be altered in SUD compared with both HC and PC. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These results are among the first to indicate that some structural alterations may be SUD-specific, and highlight a cautionary note about using HC in psychiatric biomarker research. (Am J Addict 2021;30:72-79).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntaek Oh
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, Texas
| | - Savannah Gosnell
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Menninger Clinic, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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24
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Shi H, Liang Z, Chen J, Li W, Zhu J, Li Y, Ye J, Zhang J, Xue J, Liu W, Wang F, Wang W, Li Q, He X. Gray matter alteration in heroin-dependent men: An atlas-based magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 304:111150. [PMID: 32717665 PMCID: PMC8170872 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies on heroin addiction have reported brain morphological alterations. However, the effects of heroin exposure on gray matter volume varied among different studies due to different factors such as substitution treatment or mandatory abstinence. Meanwhile, the relationship between gray matter and heroin use history remains unknown. Thirty-three male heroin-dependent (HD) individuals who are not under any substitution treatment or mandatory abstinence and 40 male healthy controls (HC) were included in this structural magnetic resonance imaging study. With an atlas-based approach, gray matter structures up to individual functional area were delineated, and the differences in their volumes between the HD and HC groups were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between gray matter volume and duration of heroin use was explored. The HD group demonstrated significantly lower cortical volume mainly in the prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic dopaminergic regions across different parcellation levels, whereas several visual and somatosensory cortical regions in the HD group had greater volume relative to the HC group at a more detailed parcellation level. The duration of heroin use was negatively correlated with the gray matter volume of prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that heroin addiction be related to gray matter alteration and might be related to damage/maladaption of the inhibitory control, reward, visual, and somatosensory functions of the brain, although cognitive correlates are warranted in future study. In addition, the atlas-based morphology analysis is a potential tool to help researchers search biomarkers of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zifei Liang
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiuhua Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xiaohai He
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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25
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Gao Q, Khan S, Zhang L. Brain activity and transcriptional profiling in mice under chronic jet lag. Sci Data 2020; 7:361. [PMID: 33087702 PMCID: PMC7578042 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work is known to be associated with an increased risk of neurological and psychiatric diseases, but how it contributes to the development of these diseases remains unclear. Chronic jet lag (CJL) induced by shifting light-dark cycles repeatedly is a commonly used protocol to mimic the environmental light/dark changes encountered by shift workers. Here we subjected wildtype mice to CJL and performed positron emission tomography imaging of glucose metabolism to monitor brain activities. We also conducted RNA sequencing using prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens tissues from these animals, which are brain regions strongly implicated in the pathology of various neurological and psychiatric conditions. Our results reveal the alterations of brain activities and systematic reprogramming of gene expression in brain tissues under CJL, building hypothesis for how CJL increases the susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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26
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Yang S, Boudier-Revéret M, Choo YJ, Chang MC. Association between Chronic Pain and Alterations in the Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100701. [PMID: 33023226 PMCID: PMC7600461 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain (pain lasting for >3 months) decreases patient quality of life and even occupational abilities. It can be controlled by treatment, but often persists even after management. To properly control pain, its underlying mechanisms must be determined. This review outlines the role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in chronic pain. The mesolimbic system, a neural circuit, delivers dopamine from the ventral tegmental area to neural structures such as the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala. It controls executive, affective, and motivational functions. Chronic pain patients suffer from low dopamine production and delivery in this system. The volumes of structures constituting the mesolimbic system are known to be decreased in such patients. Studies on administration of dopaminergic drugs to control chronic pain, with a focus on increasing low dopamine levels in the mesolimbic system, show that it is effective in patients with Parkinson’s disease, restless legs syndrome, fibromyalgia, dry mouth syndrome, lumbar radicular pain, and chronic back pain. However, very few studies have confirmed these effects, and dopaminergic drugs are not commonly used to treat the various diseases causing chronic pain. Thus, further studies are required to determine the effectiveness of such treatment for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyon Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Woman’s University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Woman’s University School of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Mathieu Boudier-Revéret
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1T8, Canada;
| | - Yoo Jin Choo
- Production R&D Division Advanced Interdisciplinary Team, Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Deagu 41061, Korea;
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence:
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27
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Bidirectional relationship between heroin addiction and depression: Behavioural and neural studies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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McConnell PA, Garland EL, Zubieta J, Newman‐Norlund R, Powers S, Froeliger B. Impaired frontostriatal functional connectivity among chronic opioid using pain patients is associated with dysregulated affect. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12743. [PMID: 30945801 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown effects of chronic exposure to addictive drugs on glutamatergic-mediated neuroplasticity in frontostriatal circuitry. These initial findings have been paralleled by human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research demonstrating weaker frontostriatal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) among individuals with psychostimulant use disorders. However, there is a dearth of human imaging literature describing associations between long-term prescription opioid use, frontostriatal rsFC, and brain morphology among chronic pain patients. We hypothesized that prescription opioid users with chronic pain, as compared with healthy control subjects, would evidence weaker frontostriatal rsFC coupled with less frontostriatal gray matter volume (GMV). Further, those opioid use-related deficits in frontostriatal circuitry would be associated with negative affect and drug misuse. Prescription opioid users with chronic pain (n = 31) and drug-free healthy controls (n = 30) underwent a high-resolution anatomical and an eyes-closed resting-state functional scan. The opioid group, relative to controls, exhibited weaker frontostriatal rsFC, and less frontostriatal GMV in both L.NAc and L.vmPFC. Frontostriatal rsFC partially mediated group differences in negative affect. Within opioid users, L.NAc GMV predicted opioid misuse severity. The current study revealed that prescription opioid use in the context of chronic pain is associated with functional and structural abnormalities in frontostriatal circuitry. These results suggest that opioid use-related abnormalities in frontostriatal circuitry may undergird disturbances in affect that may contribute to the ongoing maintenance of opioid use and misuse. These findings warrant further examination of interventions to treat opioid pathophysiology in frontostriatal circuitry over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. McConnell
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Eric L. Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention DevelopmentUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- College of Social WorkUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Jon‐Kar Zubieta
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- University Neuropsychiatric InstituteUniversity of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Roger Newman‐Norlund
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
| | - Shannon Powers
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of NeuroscienceMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- Hollings Cancer CenterMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- Center for Biomedical ImagingMedical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
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29
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Choi MR, Jin YB, Bang SH, Im CN, Lee Y, Kim HN, Chang KT, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Age-related Effects of Heroin on Gene Expression in the Hippocampus and Striatum of Cynomolgus Monkeys. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:93-108. [PMID: 31958910 PMCID: PMC7006971 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate differentially expressed genes and their functions in the hippocampus and striatum after heroin administration in cynomolgus macaques of different ages. Methods Cynomolgus monkeys were divided by age as follows: 1 year (A1, n = 2); 3 to 4 years (A2, n = 2); 6 to 8 years (A3, n = 2); and older than 11 years (A4, n = 2). After heroin was injected intramuscularly into the monkeys (0.6 mg/kg), we performed large-scale transcriptome profiling in the hippocampus (H) and striatum (S) using RNA sequencing technology. Some genes were validated with real-time quantitative PCR. Results In the hippocampus, the gene expression of A1H was similar to that of A4H, while the gene expression of A2H was similar to that of A3H. Genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (STMN1, FGF14, and MAPT) and γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic synapses (GABBR2 and GAD1) were differentially expressed among control and heroin-treated animals. Differential gene expression between A1S and A4S was the least significant, while differential gene expression between A3S and A2S was the most significant. Genes associated with the neurotrophin signaling pathway (NTRK1 and NGFR), autophagy (ATG5), and dopaminergic synapses (AKT1) in the striatum were differentially expressed among control and heroin-treated animals. Conclusion These results suggest that even a single heroin exposure can cause differential gene expression in the hippocampus and striatum of nonhuman primates at different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeung-Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sol Hee Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Nim Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Gong L, Li H, Yang D, Peng Y, Liu D, Zhong M, Zhang B, Xu R, Kang J. Striatum Shape Hypertrophy in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1353. [PMID: 31992965 PMCID: PMC6964599 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the common and burdensome non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying neuropathology mechanism in PD patients with EDS (PD-EDS) remains unclear. The present study aims to delineate potential locations of structural alteration of subcortical regions in early stage and drug-naïve PD-EDS. METHODS The study had 252 patients with PD and 92 matched healthy controls (HC). EDS was estimated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, with a cutoff of 10. Ultimately, 59 patients were considered as PD-EDS. The remaining 193 were PD patients without EDS (PD-nEDS). FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) was employed to assess the volumetric and surface alterations of subcortical nuclei in PD and PD-EDS. RESULTS Volumetric analyses found no difference in the subcortical nucleus volume between PD and HC, or PD-EDS and PD-nEDS groups. The shape analyses revealed the local atrophic changes in bilateral caudate and right putamen in patients with PD. In addition, the hypertrophic changes were located in the right putamen and left pallidum in PD-EDS than in PD-nEDS. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the regional hypertrophy of the striatum in PD-EDS. Our results indicate that local hypertrophic striatum would be a valuable early biomarker for detecting the alteration in PD-EDS. The shape analysis contributes valuable information when investigating PD-EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaisu Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Serafini RA, Pryce KD, Zachariou V. The Mesolimbic Dopamine System in Chronic Pain and Associated Affective Comorbidities. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:64-73. [PMID: 31806085 PMCID: PMC6954000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by sensory, cognitive, and affective symptoms. Over the past 2 decades, researchers have made significant progress toward understanding the impact of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry in acute and chronic pain. These efforts have provided insights into the circuits and intracellular pathways in the brain reward center that are implicated in sensory and affective manifestations of chronic pain. Studies have also identified novel therapeutic targets as well as factors that affect treatment responsiveness. Dysregulation of dopamine function in the brain reward center may further promote comorbid mood disorders and vulnerability to addiction. This review discusses recent clinical and preclinical findings on the neuroanatomical and neurochemical adaptations triggered by prolonged pain states in the brain reward pathway. Furthermore, this discussion highlights evidence of mechanisms underlying comorbidities among pain, depression, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal A Serafini
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kerri D Pryce
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Amygdala Changes in Chronic Insomnia and Their Association with Sleep and Anxiety Symptoms: Insight from Shape Analysis. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8549237. [PMID: 31885536 PMCID: PMC6914992 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8549237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are common comorbidities associated with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these comorbidities are still not clear. The present study is aimed at investigating structural changes in the amygdala of CID patients using surface-based shape analysis. A total of 65 medication-naive patients with CID and 55 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, and years of education were enrolled in this study and were subjected to structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB) created an Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) that was employed in this study to assess the volumetric and surface alterations in patients with CID. Shape correlations between the amygdala and clinical features were also analyzed. Atrophic changes in the amygdala were observed at the local level, not for the entire amygdala volume. The left atrophic changes in the amygdala were in the superficial and basolateral nuclei while right atrophic changes were in the basolateral nuclei in CID patients. Insomnia severity was associated with the centromedial right amygdala while anxiety was linked with the basolateral nuclei. These findings indicate localized amygdala atrophy in CID. Separate amygdala regions are associated with insomnia and anxiety in CID. This evidence helps elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between insomnia and anxiety.
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Addictive Features of Social Media/Messenger Platforms and Freemium Games against the Background of Psychological and Economic Theories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142612. [PMID: 31340426 PMCID: PMC6679162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently about 2.71 billion humans use a smartphone worldwide. Although smartphone technology has brought many advances, a growing number of scientists discuss potential detrimental effects due to excessive smartphone use. Of importance, the likely culprit to understand over-usage is not the smartphone itself, but the excessive use of applications installed on smartphones. As the current business model of many app-developers foresees an exchange of personal data for allowance to use an app, it is not surprising that many design elements can be found in social media apps and Freemium games prolonging app usage. It is the aim of the present work to analyze several prominent smartphone apps to carve out such elements. As a result of the analysis, a total of six different mechanisms are highlighted to illustrate the prevailing business model in smartphone app development. First, these app-elements are described and second linked to classic psychological/economic theories such as the mere-exposure effect, endowment effect, and Zeigarnik effect, but also to psychological mechanisms triggering social comparison. It is concluded that many of the here presented app-elements on smartphones are able to prolong usage time, but it is very hard to understand such an effect on the level of a single element. A systematic analysis would require insights into app data usually only being available for the app-designers, but not for independent scientists. Nevertheless, the present work supports the notion that it is time to critically reflect on the prevailing business model of 'user data in exchange for app-use allowance'. Instead of using a service in exchange for data, it ultimately might be better to ban or regulate certain design elements in apps to come up with less addictive products. Instead, users could pay a reasonable fee for an app service.
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Smallwood RF, Price LR, Campbell JL, Garrett AS, Atalla SW, Monroe TB, Aytur SA, Potter JS, Robin DA. Network Alterations in Comorbid Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction: An Exploratory Approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:174. [PMID: 31191279 PMCID: PMC6548857 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The comorbidity of chronic pain and opioid addiction is a serious problem that has been growing with the practice of prescribing opioids for chronic pain. Neuroimaging research has shown that chronic pain and opioid dependence both affect brain structure and function, but this is the first study to evaluate the neurophysiological alterations in patients with comorbid chronic pain and addiction. Eighteen participants with chronic low back pain and opioid addiction were compared with eighteen age- and sex-matched healthy individuals in a pain-induction fMRI task. Unified structural equation modeling (SEM) with Lagrange multiplier (LM) testing yielded a network model of pain processing for patient and control groups based on 19 a priori defined regions. Tests of differences between groups on specific regression parameters were determined on a path-by-path basis using z-tests corrected for the number of comparisons. Patients with the chronic pain and addiction comorbidity had increased connection strengths; many of these connections were interhemispheric and spanned regions involved in sensory, affective, and cognitive processes. The affected regions included those that are commonly altered in chronic pain or addiction alone, indicating that this comorbidity manifests with neurological symptoms of both disorders. Understanding the neural mechanisms involved in the comorbidity is crucial to finding a comprehensive treatment, rather than treating the symptoms individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Smallwood
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Larry R Price
- Metholology, Measurement and Statistical Analysis, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Jenna L Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Amy S Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sebastian W Atalla
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Todd B Monroe
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Semra A Aytur
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Jennifer S Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Donald A Robin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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Moningka H, Lichenstein S, Yip SW. Current understanding of the neurobiology of opioid use disorder: An overview. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019; 6:1-11. [PMID: 34485022 PMCID: PMC8412234 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder (OUD) drawing from genetic, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research. RECENT FINDINGS Preliminary evidence suggests an association between OUD and specific variants of the DRD2, δ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRD1) and μ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) genes. Additionally, MRI research indicates functional and structural alterations in striatal and corticolimbic brain regions and pathways underlying reward, emotion/stress and cognitive control processes among individuals with OUD. SUMMARY Individual differences in genetic and functional and structural brain-based features are correlated with differences in OUD severity and treatment outcomes, and therefore may potentially one day be used to inform OUD treatment selection. However, given the heterogeneous findings reported, further longitudinal research across different stages of opioid addiction is needed to yield a convergent characterization of OUD and improve treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hestia Moningka
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
- University College London, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, London WC1H 0AP
| | - Sarah Lichenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
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Stewart JL, May AC, Aupperle RL, Bodurka J. Forging Neuroimaging Targets for Recovery in Opioid Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30899231 PMCID: PMC6417368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic and lacks a range of successful interventions to reduce this public health burden. Many individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) consume drugs to relieve physical and/or emotional pain, a pattern that may increasingly result in death. The field of addiction research lacks a comprehensive understanding of physiological and neural mechanisms instantiating this cycle of Negative Reinforcement in OUD, resulting in limited interventions that successfully promote abstinence and recovery. Given the urgency of the opioid crisis, the present review highlights faulty brain circuitry and processes associated with OUD within the context of the Three-Stage Model of Addiction (1). This model underscores Negative Reinforcement processes as crucial to the maintenance and exacerbation of chronic substance use together with Binge/Intoxication and Preoccupation/Anticipation processes. This review focuses on cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies of relapse and treatment outcome that employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs), brain stimulation methods, and/or electroencephalography (EEG) explored in frequency and time domains (the latter measured by event-related potentials, or ERPs). We discuss strengths and limitations of this neuroimaging work with respect to study design and individual differences that may influence interpretation of findings (e.g., opioid use chronicity/recency, comorbid symptoms, and biological sex). Lastly, we translate gaps in the OUD literature, particularly with respect to Negative Reinforcement processes, into future research directions involving operant and classical conditioning involving aversion/stress. Overall, opioid-related stimuli may lessen their hold on frontocingulate mechanisms implicated in Preoccupation/Anticipation as a function of prolonged abstinence and that degree of frontocingulate impairment may predict treatment outcome. In addition, longitudinal studies suggest that brain stimulation/drug treatments and prolonged abstinence can change brain responses during Negative Reinforcement and Preoccupation/Anticipation to reduce salience of drug cues, which may attenuate further craving and relapse. Incorporating this neuroscience-derived knowledge with the Three-Stage Model of Addiction may offer a useful plan for delineating specific neurobiological targets for OUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - April C May
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
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37
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Montag C. The Neuroscience of Smartphone/Social Media Usage and the Growing Need to Include Methods from ‘Psychoinformatics’. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01087-4_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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38
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Iriah SC, Trivedi M, Kenkel W, Grant SE, Moore K, Yee JR, Madularu D, Kulkarni P, Ferris CF. Oxycodone Exposure: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Response to Acute and Chronic Oxycodone Treatment in Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 398:88-101. [PMID: 30550747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to use blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) imaging to "fingerprint" the change in activity in response to oxycodone (OXY) in drug naïve rats before and after repeated exposure to OXY. It was hypothesized that repeated exposure to OXY would initiate adaptive changes in brain organization that would be reflected in an altered response to opioid exposure. Male rats exposed to OXY repeatedly showed conditioned place preference, evidence of drug-seeking behavior and putative neuroadaptation. As these studies were done on awake rats we discovered it was not possible to image rats continuously exposed to OXY due to motion artifact judged to be withdrawal while in the scanner. To circumvent this problem manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) was used to map the distributed integrated activity pattern resulting from continuous OXY exposure. Rats were administered OXY (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) during image acquisition and changes in BOLD signal intensity were recorded and the activation and deactivation of integrated neural circuits involved in olfaction and motivation were identified. Interestingly, the circuitry of the mesencephalic dopaminergic system showed little activity to the first exposure of OXY. In the MEMRI study, rats received OXY treatments (2.5 mg/kg, twice daily) for four consecutive days following intraventricular MnCl2. Under isoflurane anesthesia, T1-weighted images were acquired and subsequently analyzed showing activity in the forebrain limbic system, ventral striatum, accumbens, amygdala and hippocampus. These results show brain activity is markedly different when OXY is presented to drug naïve rats versus rats with prior, repeated exposure to drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade C Iriah
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malav Trivedi
- NOVA Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - William Kenkel
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Simone E Grant
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey Moore
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason R Yee
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Madularu
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA; Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Northeastern Univ., Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Boston, MA, USA.
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Montag C, Zhao Z, Sindermann C, Xu L, Fu M, Li J, Zheng X, Li K, Kendrick KM, Dai J, Becker B. Internet Communication Disorder and the structure of the human brain: initial insights on WeChat addiction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2155. [PMID: 29391461 PMCID: PMC5794793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
WeChat represents one of the most popular smartphone-based applications for communication. Although the application provides several useful features that simplify daily life, a growing number of users spend excessive amounts of time on the application. This may lead to interferences with everyday life and even to addictive patterns of use. In the context of the ongoing discussion on Internet Communication Disorder (ICD), the present study aimed to better characterize the addictive potential of communication applications, using WeChat as an example, by examining associations between individual variations in tendencies towards WeChat addiction and brain structural variations in fronto-striatal-limbic brain regions. To this end levels of addictive tendencies, frequency of use and structural MRI data were assessed in n = 61 healthy participants. Higher tendencies towards WeChat addiction were associated with smaller gray matter volumes of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, a key region for monitoring and regulatory control in neural networks underlying addictive behaviors. Moreover, a higher frequency of the paying function was associated with smaller nucleus accumbens volumes. Findings were robust after controlling for levels of anxiety and depression. The present results are in line with previous findings in substance and behavioral addictions, and suggest a similar neurobiological basis in ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Lei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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He Q, Turel O, Brevers D, Bechara A. Excess social media use in normal populations is associated with amygdala-striatal but not with prefrontal morphology. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 269:31-35. [PMID: 28918269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the gray matter volume (GMV) of key neural systems possibly associated with Excess Social Media Use (ESMU) in the general user population. It employs a sex-balanced case (relatively high ESMU scores) - control (relatively low ESMU scores) design with 50 random university students who have reported varying levels of ESMU. The case and control groups included 25 subjects each. Brain volumes were calculated with Voxel-Based Morphometry techniques applied to structural MRI scans. Results based on voxel-wise and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses showed that the case group had reduced GMV in the bilateral amygdala and right ventral striatum. The GMV of the bilateral amygdala and right ventral striatum negatively correlated with ESMU scores in the voxel-wise analysis. No differences or correlations in relation to prefrontal regions were observed. Using the ROI analysis, the bilateral amygdala volumes correlated with ESMU scores, and insufficient evidence regarding the ventral striatum and ESMU was obtained. It is concluded that excess social media use in the general population is associated in part with GMV reduction in the bilateral amygdala, and possibly the striatum, but not in volumetric differences in prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China; Decision Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Ofir Turel
- Decision Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, USA.
| | - Damien Brevers
- Decision Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Medical Psychology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Decision Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Romero-Gonzalez M, Shahanaghi A, DiGirolamo GJ, Gonzalez G. Buprenorphine-naloxone treatment responses differ between young adults with heroin and prescription opioid use disorders. Am J Addict 2017; 26:838-844. [PMID: 29143399 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Opioid use disorder among young adults is rising sharply with an increase in morbidity and mortality. This study examined differences in treatment response to a fixed dose of buprenorphine-naloxone between heroin (HU) and prescriptions opioids (POU) users. METHODS Eighty opioid dependent young adults (M = 22 years) were treated with buprenorphine-naloxone 16-4 mg/day for 8 weeks. Differences between HU (N = 17) and POU (N = 63) on changes in weekly opioid use, opioid craving, withdrawal, and depression symptoms were analyzed with mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS The HU had an overall mean proportion of weekly opioid use of .32 (SD = .14) compared to POU's weekly mean of .24 (SD = .15) showing a significant main effect (Z = 2.21, p = .02). Depressive symptoms (CES-D scores) were elevated at baseline for both groups (HU: M = 23.1, SD = 11.9; PO: M = 22.2, SD = 9.4), but only POU improved significantly to a score of 9.88 (SD = 7.4) compared to HU's score of 18.58 (SD = 10.3) at week 8 (Z = 2.24, p = .02). There were no significant differences in treatment retention, craving, or withdrawal symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment response to 16-4 mg/day of buprenorphine-naloxone was significantly diminished for heroin users relative to opioid prescription users in weekly opioid use. Heroin users also had persistent depressive symptoms suggesting the need for close monitoring. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that young heroin users might require higher doses of buprenorphine. (Am J Addict 2017;26:838-844).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Romero-Gonzalez
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,MAYU of New England, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abtin Shahanaghi
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory J DiGirolamo
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gerardo Gonzalez
- Division of Addiction Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,MAYU of New England, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts
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Liu XL, Li L, Li JN, Tang JH, Rong JH, Liu B, Hu ZX. Quantifying absolute glutamate concentrations in nucleus accumbens of prescription opioid addicts by using 1H MRS. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00769. [PMID: 28828225 PMCID: PMC5561325 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of psychoactive substance use disorders has been based primarily on descriptive, symptomatic checklist criteria. In opioid addiction, there are no objective biological indicators specific enough to guide diagnosis, monitor disease status, and evaluate efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the brain has potential to identify and quantify biomarkers for the diagnosis of opioid dependence. The purpose of this study was to detect the absolute glutamate concentration in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of patients with prescription opioid dependence using 1H MRS, and to analyze its clinical associations. METHODS Twenty patients with clinically diagnosed definitive prescription opioid dependent (mean age = 26.5 ± 4.3 years) and 20 matched healthy controls (mean age = 26.1 ± 3.8 years) participated in this study. Patients were evaluated with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the opiate Addiction Severity Inventory (ASI). We used point-resolved spectroscopy to quantify the absolute concentrations of metabolites (glutamate, choline, N-acetylaspartate, glutamine, creatine) within the NAc. The difference between metabolite levels of groups and Pearson's correlation between glutamate levels and psychometric scores in patients were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Glutamate concentrations in the NAc were significantly higher in prescription opiate addicts than in controls (t = 3.84, p = .001). None of the other metabolites differed significantly between the two groups (all ps > .05). The glutamate concentrations correlated positively with BIS-11 scores in prescription opiate addicts (r = .671, p = .001), but not with SAS score and ASI index. CONCLUSIONS Glutamate levels in the NAc measured quantitatively with in vivo 1H MRS could be used as a biomarker to evaluate disease condition in opioid-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Long Liu
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Neng Li
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Ji-Hua Tang
- Department of Psychology and Addiction Medicine Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia-Hui Rong
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Ze-Xuan Hu
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
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Qiu YW, Jiang GH, Ma XF, Su HH, Lv XF, Zhuo FZ. Aberrant interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in heroin-dependent individuals. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1057-1067. [PMID: 26969418 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Models of heroin addiction emphasize the role of disrupted frontostriatal circuitry supporting cognitive control processes. However, heroin addiction-related alterations in functional and structural interactions among brain regions, especially between the cerebral hemispheres, are rarely examined directly. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches, which reveal patterns of coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the fMRI signal, offer a means to quantify directly functional interactions between the hemispheres. The corpus callosum (CC), which connects homologous regions of the cortex, is the major conduit for information transfer between the cerebral hemispheres and represents a structural connectivity index between hemispheres. We compared interhemispheric voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and CC volume between 45 heroin dependent-individuals (HDIs) and 35 non-addict individuals. We observed significant reduction of VMHC in a number of regions, particularly the striatum/limbic system regions, and significant decrease in splenium and genu sub-regions of CC in HDI. Importantly, within HDI, VMHC in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) correlated with genu CC volume, VMHC in the putamen, VMHC in the DLPFC and genu CC volume and splenium CC volume were negatively correlated with heroin duration and impulsivity traits. Further analyses demonstrated that impairment of VMHC of bilateral DLPFC partially mediated the association between genu CC volumes decreased and increased impulsivity in HDI. Our results reveal a substantial impairment of interhemispheric coordination in the HDI. Further, interhemispheric connectivity correlated with the duration of heroin abuse and higher impulsivity behavior in HDI. Our findings provide insight into a heroin addicts' related pathophysiology and reinforce an integrative view of the interhemispheric cerebral functional and structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-wei Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School; Singapore
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; China
| | - Gui-hua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Xiao-fen Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Huan-Huan Su
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Xiao-fei Lv
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; China
| | - Fu-zhen Zhuo
- Addiction Medicine Division; Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
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Montag C, Markowetz A, Blaszkiewicz K, Andone I, Lachmann B, Sariyska R, Trendafilov B, Eibes M, Kolb J, Reuter M, Weber B, Markett S. Facebook usage on smartphones and gray matter volume of the nucleus accumbens. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:221-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Choi J, Cho H, Kim JY, Jung DJ, Ahn KJ, Kang HB, Choi JS, Chun JW, Kim DJ. Structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex mediate the relationship between Internet gaming disorder and depressed mood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1245. [PMID: 28455501 PMCID: PMC5430685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive gaming use has positive effects, whereas depression has been reported to be prevalent in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neural correlates underlying the association between depression and Internet gaming remain unclear. Moreover, the neuroanatomical profile of the striatum in IGD is relatively less clear despite its important role in addiction. We found lower gray matter (GM) density in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the IGD group than in the Internet gaming control (IGC) group and non-gaming control (NGC) group, and the GM density was associated with lifetime usage of Internet gaming, depressed mood, craving, and impulsivity in the gaming users. Striatal volumetric analysis detected a significant reduction in the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the IGD group and its association with lifetime usage of gaming and depression. These findings suggest that alterations in the brain structures involved in the reward system are associated with IGD-related behavioral characteristics. Furthermore, the DLPFC, involved in cognitive control, was observed to serve as a mediator in the association between prolonged gaming and depressed mood. This finding may provide insight into an intervention strategy for treating IGD with comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang-Bong Kang
- Department of Digital Media, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Schuch-Goi SB, Goi PD, Bermudez M, Fara LS, Kessler FP, Pechansky F, Gama CS, Massuda R, von Diemen L. Accumbens volumes are reduced among crack-cocaine users. Neurosci Lett 2017; 645:86-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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He Q, Turel O, Bechara A. Brain anatomy alterations associated with Social Networking Site (SNS) addiction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45064. [PMID: 28332625 PMCID: PMC5362930 DOI: 10.1038/srep45064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study relies on knowledge regarding the neuroplasticity of dual-system components that govern addiction and excessive behavior and suggests that alterations in the grey matter volumes, i.e., brain morphology, of specific regions of interest are associated with technology-related addictions. Using voxel based morphometry (VBM) applied to structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of twenty social network site (SNS) users with varying degrees of SNS addiction, we show that SNS addiction is associated with a presumably more efficient impulsive brain system, manifested through reduced grey matter volumes in the amygdala bilaterally (but not with structural differences in the Nucleus Accumbens). In this regard, SNS addiction is similar in terms of brain anatomy alterations to other (substance, gambling etc.) addictions. We also show that in contrast to other addictions in which the anterior-/ mid- cingulate cortex is impaired and fails to support the needed inhibition, which manifests through reduced grey matter volumes, this region is presumed to be healthy in our sample and its grey matter volume is positively correlated with one's level of SNS addiction. These findings portray an anatomical morphology model of SNS addiction and point to brain morphology similarities and differences between technology addictions and substance and gambling addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,Brain and Creativity Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ofir Turel
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Brain morphology in school-aged children with prenatal opioid exposure: A structural MRI study. Early Hum Dev 2017; 106-107:33-39. [PMID: 28187337 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both animal and human studies have suggested that prenatal opioid exposure may be detrimental to the developing fetal brain. However, results are somewhat conflicting. Structural brain changes in children with prenatal opioid exposure have been reported in a few studies, and such changes may contribute to neuropsychological impairments observed in exposed children. AIM To investigate the association between prenatal opioid exposure and brain morphology in school-aged children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of prenatally opioid-exposed children and matched controls. SUBJECTS A hospital-based sample (n=16) of children aged 10-14years with prenatal exposure to opioids and 1:1 sex- and age-matched unexposed controls. OUTCOME MEASURES Automated brain volume measures obtained from T1-weighted MRI scans using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Volumes of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar white matter were reduced in the opioid-exposed group, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in global brain measures (total brain, cerebral cortex, and cerebral white matter volumes). CONCLUSIONS In line with the limited findings reported in the literature to date, our study showed an association between prenatal opioid exposure and reduced regional brain volumes. Adverse effects of opioids on the developing fetal brain may explain this association. However, further research is needed to explore the causal nature and functional consequences of these findings.
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Elevated methylation and decreased serum concentrations of BDNF in patients in levomethadone compared to diamorphine maintenance treatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:33-40. [PMID: 26801497 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to play a crucial role in the reward response to drugs such as heroin. The primary objective of the present study was to examine epigenetic changes and serum levels of BDNF in patients undergoing different opiate-based maintenance treatments. We compared patients receiving treatment with either levomethadone (n = 55) or diamorphine (n = 28) with a healthy control group (n = 51). When comparing all subjects (patients and controls), BDNF serum levels showed a negative correlation with the BDNF IV promoter methylation rate (r = -0.177, p = 0.048). Furthermore, BDNF serum levels negatively correlated with Beck's Depression Inventory measurements (r = -0.177, p < 0.001). Patients receiving diamorphine maintenance treatment showed slightly decreased BDNF serum levels compared to healthy controls, whereas patients on levomethadone maintenance treatment with or without heroine co-use showed a pronounced decrease (analysis of covariance: control vs. levomethadone with and without heroine co-use: p < 0.0001, diamorphine vs. levomethadone with heroine co-use: p = 0.043, diamorphine vs. levomethadone without heroine co-use: p < 0.0001). According to these findings, methylation of the BDNF IV promoter showed the highest level in patients receiving levomethadone without heroine co-use (linear mixed model: control vs. levomethadone group without heroine co-use: p = 0.008, with heroin co-use: p = 0.050, diamorphine vs. levomethadone group with heroine co-use: p = 0.077 and without heroine co-use: p = 0.015.). For the first time, we show an epigenetic mechanism that may provide an explanation for mood destabilization in levomethadone maintenance treatment.
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