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Tesfaye RA, Lavaud M, Charrier C, Brounais-Le Royer B, Cartron PF, Verrecchia F, Baud'huin M, Lamoureux F, Georges S, Ory B. Tracking Targets of Dynamic Super-Enhancers in Vitro to Better Characterize Osteoclastogenesis and to Evaluate the Effect of Diuron on the Maturation of Human Bone Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:67007. [PMID: 37307168 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are major actors in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. The full functional maturation of osteoclasts from monocyte lineage cells is essential for the degradation of old/damaged bone matrix. Diuron is one of the most frequently encountered herbicides, particularly in water sources. However, despite a reported delayed ossification in vivo, its impact on bone cells remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to first better characterize osteoclastogenesis by identifying genes that drive the differentiation of CD14+ monocyte progenitors into osteoclasts and to evaluate the toxicity of diuron on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation in vitro. METHODS We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) against H3K27ac followed by ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) at different stages of differentiation of CD14+ monocytes into active osteoclasts. Differentially activated super-enhancers and their potential target genes were identified. Then to evaluate the toxicity of diuron on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, we performed RNA-Seq and functional tests during in vitro osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation by exposing cells to different concentrations of diuron. RESULTS The combinatorial study of the epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling taking place during differentiation has revealed a very dynamic epigenetic profile that supports the expression of genes vital for osteoclast differentiation and function. In total, we identified 122 genes induced by dynamic super-enhancers at late days. Our data suggest that high concentration of diuron (50μM) affects viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro associated with a decrease of bone mineralization. At a lower concentration (1μM), an inhibitory effect was observed in vitro on the number of osteoclasts derived from CD14+ monocytes without affecting cell viability. Among the diuron-affected genes, our analysis suggests a significant enrichment of genes targeted by pro-differentiation super-enhancers, with an odds ratio of 5.12 (ρ=2.59×10-5). DISCUSSION Exposure to high concentrations of diuron decreased the viability of MSCs and could therefore affect osteoblastic differentiation and bone mineralization. This pesticide also disrupted osteoclasts maturation by impairing the expression of cell-identity determining genes. Indeed, at sublethal concentrations, differences in the expression of these key genes were mild during the course of in vitro osteoclast differentiation. Taken together our results suggest that high exposure levels of diuron could have an effect on bone homeostasis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel A Tesfaye
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
- Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Melanie Lavaud
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Charrier
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | | | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - François Lamoureux
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Steven Georges
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
- Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
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2
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Barczak K, Łagocka R, Brodowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Involvement in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Significance of CXCL1 in Reproductive Cancers: Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087262. [PMID: 37108425 PMCID: PMC10139049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily and a ligand for CXCR2. Its main function in the immune system is the chemoattraction of neutrophils. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the significance of CXCL1 in cancer processes. To fill this gap, this work describes the clinical significance and participation of CXCL1 in cancer processes in the most important reproductive cancers: breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The focus is on both clinical aspects and the significance of CXCL1 in molecular cancer processes. We describe the association of CXCL1 with clinical features of tumors, including prognosis, ER, PR and HER2 status, and TNM stage. We present the molecular contribution of CXCL1 to chemoresistance and radioresistance in selected tumors and its influence on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Additionally, we present the impact of CXCL1 on the microenvironment of reproductive cancers, including its effect on angiogenesis, recruitment, and function of cancer-associated cells (macrophages, neutrophils, MDSC, and Treg). The article concludes by summarizing the significance of introducing drugs targeting CXCL1. This paper also discusses the significance of ACKR1/DARC in reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ryta Łagocka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Tirado‐Cabrera I, Martin‐Guerrero E, Heredero‐Jimenez S, Ardura JA, Gortázar AR. PTH1R translocation to primary cilia in mechanically-stimulated ostecytes prevents osteoclast formation via regulation of CXCL5 and IL-6 secretion. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3927-3943. [PMID: 35933642 PMCID: PMC9804361 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes respond to mechanical forces controlling osteoblast and osteoclast function. Mechanical stimulation decreases osteocyte apoptosis and promotes bone formation. Primary cilia have been described as potential mechanosensors in bone cells. Certain osteogenic responses induced by fluid flow (FF) in vitro are decreased by primary cilia inhibition in MLO-Y4 osteocytes. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 1 (PTH1R) modulates osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte effects upon activation by PTH or PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in osteoblastic cells. Moreover, some actions of PTH1R seem to be triggered directly by mechanical stimulation. We hypothesize that PTH1R forms a signaling complex in the primary cilium that is essential for mechanotransduction in osteocytes and affects osteocyte-osteoclast communication. MLO-Y4 osteocytes were stimulated by FF or PTHrP (1-37). PTH1R and primary cilia signaling were abrogated using PTH1R or primary cilia specific siRNAs or inhibitors, respectively. Conditioned media obtained from mechanically- or PTHrP-stimulated MLO-Y4 cells inhibited the migration of preosteoclastic cells and osteoclast differentiation. Redistribution of PTH1R along the entire cilium was observed in mechanically stimulated MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells. Preincubation of MLO-Y4 cells with the Gli-1 antagonist, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ22536), or with the phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), affected the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis. Proteomic analysis and neutralizing experiments showed that FF and PTH1R activation control osteoclast function through the modulation of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion in osteocytes. These novel findings indicate that both primary cilium and PTH1R are necessary in osteocytes for proper communication with osteoclasts and show that mechanical stimulation inhibits osteoclast recruitment and differentiation through CXCL5, while PTH1R activation regulate these processes via IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tirado‐Cabrera
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - Eduardo Martin‐Guerrero
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain
| | - Sara Heredero‐Jimenez
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain
| | - Juan A. Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónMadridSpain
| | - Arancha R. Gortázar
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónSpain,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo‐CEU, CEU UniversitiesCampus MonteprincipeAlcorcónMadridSpain
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4
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Korbecki J, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Wójcik J, Szatkowska I, Barczak K, Chlubek M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Importance of CXCL1 in Physiology and Noncancerous Diseases of Bone, Bone Marrow, Muscle and the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084205. [PMID: 35457023 PMCID: PMC9024980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial in inflammation as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases. Due to the vast amount of available information, we focus on the role CXCL1 plays in the physiology of bones, bone marrow, muscle and the nervous system. For this reason, we describe its effects on hematopoietic stem cells, myoblasts, oligodendrocyte progenitors and osteoclast precursors. We also present the involvement of CXCL1 in diseases of selected tissues and organs including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, ischemic stroke, major depression, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, prion diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), traumatic spinal cord injury and West Nile fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wójcik
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
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5
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CXCR2 Receptor: Regulation of Expression, Signal Transduction, and Involvement in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042168. [PMID: 35216283 PMCID: PMC8878198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of about 50 chemotactic cytokines crucial for the migration of immune system cells and tumor cells, as well as for metastasis. One of the 20 chemokine receptors identified to date is CXCR2, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) whose most known ligands are CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCL1 (GRO-α). In this article we present a comprehensive review of literature concerning the role of CXCR2 in cancer. We start with regulation of its expression at the transcriptional level and how this regulation involves microRNAs. We show the mechanism of CXCR2 signal transduction, in particular the action of heterotrimeric G proteins, phosphorylation, internalization, intracellular trafficking, sequestration, recycling, and degradation of CXCR2. We discuss in detail the mechanism of the effects of activated CXCR2 on the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, we describe the involvement of CXCR2 in cancer. We focused on the importance of CXCR2 in tumor processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells as well as the effects of CXCR2 activation on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and cellular senescence. We also discuss the importance of CXCR2 in cell recruitment to the tumor niche including tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T (Treg) cells.
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6
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Liang T, Chen J, Xu G, Zhang Z, Xue J, Zeng H, Jiang J, Chen T, Qin Z, Li H, Ye Z, Nie Y, Liu C, Zhan X. STAT1 and CXCL10 involve in M1 macrophage polarization that may affect osteolysis and bone remodeling in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Gene 2022; 809:146040. [PMID: 34710525 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism of bone destruction due to macrophage polarization leading to during extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infection. METHODS The dataset GSE83456 was downloaded from the GEO database, and the xCell tool was used to obtain the 64 types of immune cells. The flow cytometry was performed to identified the differences between M1 and M2 macrophages between EPTB and the healthy controls (HCs). The enrichment analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their functionally related modules. The hub genes were screened out, and their relationships with EPTB and the immune cell subtypes were further analyzed. RESULTS The flow cytometric analysis validated this hypothesis of M1-macrophage polarization correlated with the pathogenesis of EPTB. Of the obtained 103 DEGs, 97 genes were upregulated, and 6 genes were downregulated. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the DEGs were particularly involved in the immune-related processes. The hub genes (STAT1 and CXCL10) might be involved in M1-macrophage polarization and correlated with the pathogenesis of EPTB. STAT1 and CXCL10 could also behave as biomarkers for EPTB. CONCLUSION STAT1 and CXCL10 were involved in the M1-macrophage polarization and correlated with the pathogenesis of EPTB. Besides, both of them could also behave as biomarkers for EPTB diagnosis and provide the required clues for targeted therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - GuoYong Xu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Haopeng Zeng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Nie
- Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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Niu Y, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong L, Wang C. Modulating macrophage activities to promote endogenous bone regeneration: Biological mechanisms and engineering approaches. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:244-261. [PMID: 32913932 PMCID: PMC7451865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated interaction between osteogenesis and osteoimmune microenvironment is essential for successful bone healing. In particular, macrophages play a central regulatory role in all stages of bone repair. Depending on the signals they sense, these highly plastic cells can mediate the host immune response against the exterior signals of molecular stimuli and implanted scaffolds, to exert regenerative potency to a varying extent. In this article, we first encapsulate the immunomodulatory functions of macrophages during bone regeneration into three aspects, as sweeper, mediator and instructor. We introduce the phagocytic role of macrophages in different bone healing periods ('sweeper') and overview a variety of paracrine cytokines released by macrophages either mediating cell mobilisation, vascularisation and matrix remodelling ('mediator'), or directly driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone progenitors and bone repair ('instructor'). Then, we systematically classify and discuss the emerging engineering strategies to recruit, activate and modulate the phenotype transition of macrophages, to exploit the power of endogenous macrophages to enhance the performance of engineered bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
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Ponte F, Kim HN, Iyer S, Han L, Almeida M, Manolagas SC. Cxcl12 Deletion in Mesenchymal Cells Increases Bone Turnover and Attenuates the Loss of Cortical Bone Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1441-1451. [PMID: 32154948 PMCID: PMC7725417 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CXCL12 is abundantly expressed in reticular cells associated with the perivascular niches of the bone marrow (BM) and is indispensable for B lymphopoiesis. Cxcl12 promotes osteoclastogenesis and has been implicated in pathologic bone resorption. We had shown earlier that estrogen receptor α deletion in osteoprogenitors and estrogen deficiency in mice increase Cxcl12 mRNA and protein levels in the BM plasma, respectively. We have now generated female and male mice with conditional deletion of a Cxcl12 allele in Prrx1 targeted cells (Cxcl12∆Prrx1 ) and show herein that they have a 90% decrease in B lymphocytes but increased erythrocytes and adipocytes in the marrow. Ovariectomy increased the expression of Cxcl12 and B-cell number in the Cxcl12f/f control mice, but these effects were abrogated in the Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice. Cortical bone mass was not affected in Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice. Albeit, the cortical bone loss caused by ovariectomy was greatly attenuated. Most unexpectedly, the rate of bone turnover in sex steroid-sufficient female or male Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice was dramatically increased, as evidenced by a more than twofold increase in several osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific mRNAs, as well as increased mineral apposition and bone formation rate and increased osteoclast number in the endosteal surface. The magnitude of the Cxcl12∆Prrx1 -induced changes were much greater than those caused by ovariectomy or orchidectomy in the Cxcl12f/f mice. These results strengthen the evidence that CXCL12 contributes to the loss of cortical bone mass caused by estrogen deficiency. Moreover, they reveal for the first time that in addition to its effects on hematopoiesis, CXCL12 restrains bone turnover-without changing the balance between resorption and formation-by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and the osteoclastogenesis support provided by cells of the osteoblast lineage. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Ponte
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
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9
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Lee J, Byun H, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Lee S, Shin H. Current Advances in Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801106. [PMID: 30328293 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials with suitable surface modification strategies are contributing significantly to the rapid development of the field of bone tissue engineering. Despite these encouraging results, utilization of biomaterials is poorly translated to human clinical trials potentially due to lack of knowledge about the interaction between biomaterials and the body defense mechanism, the "immune system". The highly complex immune system involves the coordinated action of many immune cells that can produce various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Besides, bone fracture healing initiates with acute inflammation and may later transform to a regenerative or degenerative phase mainly due to the cross-talk between immune cells and other cells in the bone regeneration process. Among various immune cells, macrophages possess a significant role in the immune defense, where their polarization state plays a key role in the wound healing process. Growing evidence shows that the macrophage polarization state is highly sensitive to the biomaterial's physiochemical properties, and advances in biomaterial research now allow well controlled surface properties. This review provides an overview of biomaterial-mediated modulation of the immune response for regulating key bone regeneration events, such as osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and inflammation, and it discusses how these strategies can be utilized for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Hanyang University; 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Byun
- Department of Bioengineering; Hanyang University; 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Hanyang University; 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering; Hanyang University; 222 Wangsimni-ro Seongdong-gu Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
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Mödinger Y, Rapp A, Pazmandi J, Vikman A, Holzmann K, Haffner-Luntzer M, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A. C5aR1 interacts with TLR2 in osteoblasts and stimulates the osteoclast-inducing chemokine CXCL10. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6002-6014. [PMID: 30247799 PMCID: PMC6237570 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a is generated upon activation of the complement system, a crucial arm of innate immunity. C5a mediates proinflammatory actions via the C5a receptor C5aR1 and thereby promotes host defence, but also modulates tissue homeostasis. There is evidence that the C5a/C5aR1 axis is critically involved both in physiological bone turnover and in inflammatory conditions affecting bone, including osteoarthritis, periodontitis, and bone fractures. C5a induces the migration and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines of osteoblasts. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine C5a‐mediated downstream signalling in osteoblasts. Using a whole‐genome microarray approach, we demonstrate that C5a activates mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and regulates the expression of genes involved in pathways related to insulin, transforming growth factor‐β and the activator protein‐1 transcription factor. Interestingly, using coimmunoprecipitation, we found an interaction between C5aR1 and Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) in osteoblasts. The C5aR1‐ and TLR2‐signalling pathways converge on the activation of p38 MAPK and the generation of C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10, which functions, among others, as an osteoclastogenic factor. In conclusion, C5a‐stimulated osteoblasts might modulate osteoclast activity and contribute to immunomodulation in inflammatory bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Rapp
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Pazmandi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Vikman
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Andersen M, Boesen M, Ellegaard K, Söderström K, Søe NH, Spee P, Mørch UGW, Torp-Pedersen S, Bartels EM, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Karlsson L, Bliddal H. Association between IL-6 production in synovial explants from rheumatoid arthritis patients and clinical and imaging response to biologic treatment: A pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197001. [PMID: 29787569 PMCID: PMC5963776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The need for biomarkers which can predict disease course and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is evident. We explored whether clinical and imaging responses to biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment (bDMARD) were associated with the individual’s mediator production in explants obtained at baseline. Methods RA Patients were evaluated by disease activity score 28 joint C-reactive protein (DAS 28-)), colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and 3 Tesla RA magnetic resonance imaging scores (RAMRIS). Explants were established from synovectomies from a needle arthroscopic procedure prior to initiation of bDMARD. Explants were incubated with the bDMARD in question, and the productions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractive protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta (MIP-1b) were measured by multiplex immunoassays. The changes in clinical and imaging variables following a minimum of 3 months bDMARD treatment were compared to the baseline explant results. Mixed models and Spearman’s rank correlations were performed. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results 16 patients were included. IL-6 production in bDMARD-treated explants was significantly higher among clinical non-responders compared to responders (P = 0.04), and a lack of suppression of IL-6 by the bDMARDS correlated to a high DAS-28 (ρ = 0.57, P = 0.03), CDUS (ρ = 0.53, P = 0.04) and bone marrow oedema (ρ = 0.56, P = 0.03) at follow-up. No clinical association was found with explant MCP-1 production. MIP-1b could not be assessed due to a large number of samples below the detection limit. Conclusions Synovial explants appear to deliver a disease-relevant output testing which when carried out in advance of bDMARD treatment can potentially pave the road for a more patient tailored treatment approach with better treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MA); (HB)
| | - Mikael Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Ellegaard
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kalle Söderström
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Niels H. Søe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Section of Hand Surgery, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pieter Spee
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Torp-Pedersen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else M. Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Danneskiold-Samsøe
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Karlsson
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Henning Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MA); (HB)
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12
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Furman BD, Kent CL, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, McNulty AL, Guilak F, Olson SA. CXCL10 is upregulated in synovium and cartilage following articular fracture. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1220-1227. [PMID: 28906016 PMCID: PMC5851826 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the chemokine CXCL10 and its role in joint tissues following articular fracture. We hypothesized that CXCL10 is upregulated following articular fracture and contributes to cartilage degradation associated with post-traumatic arthritis (PTA). To evaluate CXCL10 expression following articular fracture, gene expression was quantified in synovial tissue from knee joints of C57BL/6 mice that develop PTA following articular fracture, and MRL/MpJ mice that are protected from PTA. CXCL10 protein expression was assessed in human cartilage in normal, osteoarthritic (OA), and post-traumatic tissue using immunohistochemistry. The effects of exogenous CXCL10, alone and in combination with IL-1, on porcine cartilage explants were assessed by quantifying the release of catabolic mediators. Synovial tissue gene expression of CXCL10 was upregulated by joint trauma, peaking one day in C57BL/6 mice (25-fold) versus 3 days post-fracture in MRL/MpJ mice (15-fold). CXCL10 protein in articular cartilage was most highly expressed following trauma compared with normal and OA tissue. In a dose dependent manner, exogenous CXCL10 significantly reduced total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and aggrecanase activity of culture media from cartilage explants. CXCL10 also trended toward a reduction in IL-1α-stimulated total MMP activity (p = 0.09) and S-GAG (p = 0.09), but not NO release. In conclusion, CXCL10 was upregulated in synovium and chondrocytes following trauma. However, exogenous CXCL10 did not induce a catabolic response in cartilage. CXCL10 may play a role in modulating the chondrocyte response to inflammatory stimuli associated with joint injury and the progression of PTA. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1220-1227, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette D. Furman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Collin L. Kent
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | | | - Amy L. McNulty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110,Shriners’ Hospital for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven A. Olson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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13
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Manolagas SC. The Quest for Osteoporosis Mechanisms and Rational Therapies: How Far We've Come, How Much Further We Need to Go. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:371-385. [PMID: 29405383 PMCID: PMC6816306 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the last 40 years, understanding of bone biology and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the most common and impactful bone disease of old age, has improved dramatically thanks to basic and clinical research advances, genetic insights from humans and rodents, and newer imaging technologies. Culprits of osteoporosis are no longer a matter of speculation based on in vitro observations. Instead, they can be identified and dissected at the cellular and molecular level using genetic approaches; and their effect on distinct bone envelopes and anatomic regions can be functionally assessed in vivo. The landscape of pharmacotherapies for osteoporosis has also changed profoundly with the emergence of several potent antiresorptive drugs as well as anabolic agents, displacing estrogen replacement as the treatment of choice. In spite of these major positive developments, the optimal duration of the available therapies and their long-term safety remain matters of conjecture and some concern. Moreover, antiresorptive therapies are used indiscriminately for patients of all ages on the assumption that suppressing remodeling is always beneficial for bone, but rebound remodeling upon their discontinuation suggests otherwise. In this invited perspective, I highlight the latest state of knowledge of bone-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms responsible for the development of osteoporosis in both sexes; differences between the mechanisms responsible for the effects of aging and estrogen deficiency; and the role of old osteocytes in the development of cortical porosity. In addition, I highlight advances toward the goal of developing drugs for several degenerative diseases of old age at once, including osteoporosis, by targeting shared mechanisms of aging. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
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14
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Dyskova T, Gallo J, Kriegova E. The Role of the Chemokine System in Tissue Response to Prosthetic By-products Leading to Periprosthetic Osteolysis and Aseptic Loosening. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 28883822 PMCID: PMC5573717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of total joint replacements are performed annually worldwide, and the number is increasing every year. The overall proportion of patients achieving a successful outcome is about 80–90% in a 10–20-years time horizon postoperatively, periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) and aseptic loosening (AL) being the most frequent reasons for knee and hip implant failure and reoperations. The chemokine system (chemokine receptors and chemokines) is crucially involved in the inflammatory and osteolytic processes leading to PPOL/AL. Thus, the modulation of the interactions within the chemokine system may influence the extent of PPOL. Indeed, recent studies in murine models reported that (i) blocking the CCR2–CCL2 or CXCR2–CXCL2 axis or (ii) activation of the CXCR4–CXCL12 axis attenuate the osteolysis of artificial joints. Importantly, chemokines, inhibitory mutant chemokines, antagonists of chemokine receptors, or neutralizing antibodies to the chemokine system attached to or incorporated into the implant surface may influence the tissue responses and mitigate PPOL, thus increasing prosthesis longevity. This review summarizes the current state of the art of the knowledge of the chemokine system in human PPOL/AL. Furthermore, the potential for attenuating cell trafficking to the bone–implant interface and influencing tissue responses through modulation of the chemokine system is delineated. Additionally, the prospects of using immunoregenerative biomaterials (including chemokines) for the prevention of failed implants are discussed. Finally, this review highlights the need for a more sophisticated understanding of implant debris-induced changes in the chemokine system to mitigate this response effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Dyskova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedics, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Immunology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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15
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Self-reactive B and T lymphocytes cooperate to promote antibody responses against self proteins and are major drivers of disease. T lymphocytes also promote RA independently of B lymphocytes mainly through the production of key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, that promote pathology. While the innate signals that initiate self-reactive adaptive immune responses are poorly understood, the disease is predominantly caused by inflammatory cellular infiltration and accumulation in articular tissues, and by bone erosions driven by bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of multiple myeloid cells that require short-range signals, such as the cytokines MCSF and RANKL, for undergoing differentiation. The recruitment and positioning of osteoclast precursors to sites of osteoclast differentiation by chemoattractants is an important point of control for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Recently, the GPCR EBI2 and its oxysterol ligand 7a, 25 dihydroxycholesterol, were identified as important regulators of osteoclast precursor positioning in proximity to bone surfaces and of osteoclast differentiation under homeostasis. In chronic inflammatory diseases like RA, osteoclast differentiation is also driven by inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa and IL-1, and can occur independently of RANKL. Finally, there is growing evidence that the chemotactic signals guiding osteoclast precursors to inflamed articular sites contribute to disease and are of great interest. Furthering our understanding of the complex osteoimmune cell interactions should provide new avenues of therapeutic intervention for RA.
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16
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Almeida M, Laurent MR, Dubois V, Claessens F, O'Brien CA, Bouillon R, Vanderschueren D, Manolagas SC. Estrogens and Androgens in Skeletal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:135-187. [PMID: 27807202 PMCID: PMC5539371 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause or loss of both estrogens and androgens in elderly men contribute to the development of osteoporosis, one of the most common and impactful metabolic diseases of old age. In the last 20 years, basic and clinical research advances, genetic insights from humans and rodents, and newer imaging technologies have changed considerably the landscape of our understanding of bone biology as well as the relationship between sex steroids and the physiology and pathophysiology of bone metabolism. Together with the appreciation of the side effects of estrogen-related therapies on breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases, these advances have also drastically altered the treatment of osteoporosis. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of estrogens and androgens on bone, their influences on skeletal homeostasis during growth and adulthood, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the adverse effects of their deficiency on the female and male skeleton, as well as the role of natural and synthetic estrogenic or androgenic compounds in the pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis. We highlight latest advances on the crosstalk between hormonal and mechanical signals, the relevance of the antioxidant properties of estrogens and androgens, the difference of their cellular targets in different bone envelopes, the role of estrogen deficiency in male osteoporosis, and the contribution of estrogen or androgen deficiency to the monomorphic effects of aging on skeletal involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michaël R Laurent
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frank Claessens
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charles A O'Brien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1011, University of Lille and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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17
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Cellular players of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in the bone marrow niche. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:129-140. [PMID: 27943116 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in perivascular regions of the bone marrow (BM) embedded within a complex regulatory unit called the niche. Cellular components of HSC niches include vascular endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal progenitor cells and a variety of mature hematopoietic cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and megakaryocytes-further regulated by sympathetic nerves and complement components as described in this review. Three decades ago the discovery that cytokines induce a large number of HSC to mobilize from the BM into the blood where they are easily harvested, revolutionised the field of HSC transplantation-curative for immune-deficiencies and some malignancies. However, despite now routine use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilise HSC for transplant, only in last 15 years has research on the mechanisms behind why and how HSC can be induced to move into the blood began. These studies have revealed the complexity of the niche that retains HSC in the BM. This review describes how BM niches and HSC themselves change during administration of G-CSF-or in the recovery phase of chemotherapy-to facilitate movement of HSC into the blood, and research now leading to development of novel therapeutics to further boost HSC mobilization and transplant success.
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18
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Yim HY, Park C, Lee YD, Arimoto KI, Jeon R, Baek SH, Zhang DE, Kim HH, Kim KI. Elevated Response to Type I IFN Enhances RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis in Usp18-Knockout Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3887-95. [PMID: 27016605 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A balance between bone formation and bone resorption is critical for the maintenance of bone mass. In many pathological conditions, including chronic inflammation, uncontrolled activation of osteoclast differentiation often causes excessive bone resorption that results in osteoporosis. In this study, we identified the osteopenia phenotype of mice lacking Usp18 (also called Ubp43), which is a deISGylating enzyme and is known as a negative regulator of type I IFN signaling. The expression of Usp18 was induced in preosteoclasts upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment. In an in vitro osteoclast-differentiation assay, bone marrow macrophages from Usp18-deficient mice exhibited an enhanced differentiation to multinucleated cells, elevated activation of NFATc1, and an increased expression of osteoclast marker genes upon RANKL treatment. Furthermore, in vitro quantification of bone resorption revealed a great increase in osteoclastic activities in Usp18-deficient cells. Interestingly, proinflammatory cytokine genes, such as IP-10 (CXCL10), were highly expressed in Usp18-deficient bone marrow macrophages upon RANKL treatment compared with wild-type cells. In addition, serum cytokine levels, especially IP-10, were significantly high in Usp18-knockout mice. In sum, we suggest that, although type I IFN is known to restrict osteoclast differentiation, the exaggerated activation of the type I IFN response in Usp18-knockout mice causes an osteopenia phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Yim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Cheolkyu Park
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Brain Korea 21 Program, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, South Korea
| | - Yong Deok Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Brain Korea 21 Program, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, South Korea
| | - Kei-Ichiro Arimoto
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Raok Jeon
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Creative Research Initiative Center for Chromatin Dynamics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Brain Korea 21 Program, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, South Korea
| | - Keun Il Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, South Korea;
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Xu Y, Chu N, Qiu X, Gober HJ, Li D, Wang L. The interconnected role of chemokines and estrogen in bone metabolism. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:433-444. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
| | - Nan Chu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
| | | | - Dajin Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
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20
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Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:57-80. [PMID: 24320956 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex immune/inflammatory cascade that is initiated by the bacteria of the oral biofilm that forms naturally on the teeth. The susceptibility to periodontitis appears to be determined by the host response; specifically, the magnitude of the inflammatory response and the differential activation of immune pathways. The purpose of this review was to delineate our current knowledge of the host response in periodontitis. The role of innate immunity, the failure of acute inflammation to resolve (thus becoming chronic), the cytokine pathways that regulate the activation of acquired immunity and the cells and products of the immune system are considered. New information relating to regulation of both inflammation and the immune response will be reviewed in the context of susceptibility to, and perhaps control of, periodontitis.
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Nevius E, Pinho F, Dhodapkar M, Jin H, Nadrah K, Horowitz MC, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Pereira JP. Oxysterols and EBI2 promote osteoclast precursor migration to bone surfaces and regulate bone mass homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1931-46. [PMID: 26438360 PMCID: PMC4612084 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms guiding cells toward bone surfaces are generally unknown. Here, Nevius et al. show that the Gαi protein–coupled receptor EBI2 is expressed in mouse osteoclast precursors to guide these cells toward bone surfaces. Defective EBI2 signaling increased bone mass in male mice and protected female mice from age- and estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. Bone surfaces attract hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, such as osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs), and are targeted by bone metastatic cancers. However, the mechanisms guiding cells toward bone surfaces are essentially unknown. Here, we show that the Gαi protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) EBI2 is expressed in mouse monocyte/OC precursors (OCPs) and its oxysterol ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) is secreted abundantly by OBs. Using in vitro time-lapse microscopy and intravital two-photon microscopy, we show that EBI2 enhances the development of large OCs by promoting OCP motility, thus facilitating cell–cell interactions and fusion in vitro and in vivo. EBI2 is also necessary and sufficient for guiding OCPs toward bone surfaces. Interestingly, OCPs also secrete 7α,25-OHC, which promotes autocrine EBI2 signaling and reduces OCP migration toward bone surfaces in vivo. Defective EBI2 signaling led to increased bone mass in male mice and protected female mice from age- and estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. This study identifies a novel pathway involved in OCP homing to the bone surface that may have significant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Nevius
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Flavia Pinho
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Meera Dhodapkar
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Huiyan Jin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Kristina Nadrah
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences and WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences and WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Garcia-Gomez A, De Las Rivas J, Ocio EM, Díaz-Rodríguez E, Montero JC, Martín M, Blanco JF, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Pandiella A, San Miguel JF, Garayoa M. Transcriptomic profile induced in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after interaction with multiple myeloma cells: implications in myeloma progression and myeloma bone disease. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8284-305. [PMID: 25268740 PMCID: PMC4226683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence about the implication of the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth and survival, little is known about the effects of myelomatous cells on BM stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (dMSCs) or myeloma patients (pMSCs) were co-cultured with the myeloma cell line MM.1S, and the transcriptomic profile of MSCs induced by this interaction was analyzed. Deregulated genes after co-culture common to both d/pMSCs revealed functional involvement in tumor microenvironment cross-talk, myeloma growth induction and drug resistance, angiogenesis and signals for osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Additional genes induced by co-culture were exclusively deregulated in pMSCs and predominantly associated to RNA processing, the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway, cell cycle regulation, cellular stress and non-canonical Wnt signaling. The upregulated expression of five genes after co-culture (CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL6 in d/pMSCs, and Neuregulin 3 and Norrie disease protein exclusively in pMSCs) was confirmed, and functional in vitro assays revealed putative roles in MM pathophysiology. The transcriptomic profile of pMSCs co-cultured with myeloma cells may better reflect that of MSCs in the BM of myeloma patients, and provides new molecular insights to the contribution of these cells to MM pathophysiology and to myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Gomez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M Ocio
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Montero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan F Blanco
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermín M Sanchez-Guijo
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús F San Miguel
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
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Ahmadzadeh A, Kast RE, Ketabchi N, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Jaseb K, Saki N. Regulatory effect of chemokines in bone marrow niche. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:401-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pandey MK, Kale VP, Song C, Sung SS, Sharma AK, Talamo G, Dovat S, Amin SG. Gambogic acid inhibits multiple myeloma mediated osteoclastogenesis through suppression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathways. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:883-96. [PMID: 25034231 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone disease, characterized by the presence of lytic lesions and osteoporosis is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), has been implicated as a regulator of bone resorption, suggesting that agents that can suppress SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling might inhibit osteoclastogenesis, a process closely linked to bone resorption. We, therefore, investigated whether gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone, could inhibit CXCR4 signaling and suppress osteoclastogenesis induced by MM cells. Through docking studies we predicted that GA directly interacts with CXCR4. This xanthone down-regulates the expression of CXCR4 on MM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The down-regulation of CXCR4 was not due to proteolytic degradation, but rather GA suppresses CXCR4 mRNA expression by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) DNA binding. This was further confirmed by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, as GA inhibits p65 binding at the CXCR4 promoter. GA suppressed SDF-1α-induced chemotaxis of MM cells and downstream signaling of CXCR4 by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and Erk1/2 in MM cells. GA abrogated the RANKL-induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, we found that MM cells induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts, and that GA suppressed this process. Importantly, suppression of osteoclastogenesis by GA was mediated through IL-6 inhibition. Overall, our results show that GA is a novel inhibitor of CXCR4 expression and has a strong potential to suppress osteoclastogenesis mediated by MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.
| | - Vijay P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shen-shu Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Giampaolo Talamo
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Amin AR, Islam ABMMK. Genomic analysis and differential expression of HMG and S100A family in human arthritis: upregulated expression of chemokines, IL-8 and nitric oxide by HMGB1. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:550-65. [PMID: 24905701 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied global gene expression arrays, quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, and functional assays to untangle the role of High Mobility Groups proteins (HMGs) in human osteoarthritis (OA)-affected cartilage. Bioinformatics analysis showed increased mRNA expression of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): HMGA, HMGB, HMGN, SRY, LEF1, HMGB1, MMPs, and HMG/RAGE-interacting molecules (spondins and S100A4, S100A10, and S100A11) in human OA-affected cartilage as compared with normal cartilage. HMGB2 was down-regulated in human OA-affected cartilage. Immunohistological staining identified HMGB1 in chondrocytes in the superficial cartilage. Cells of the deep cartilage and subchondral bone showed increased expression of HMGB1 in OA-affected cartilage. HMGB1 was expressed in the nucleus, cytosol, and extracellular milieu of chondrocytes in cartilage. Furthermore, HMGB1 was spontaneously released from human OA-affected cartilage in ex vivo conditions. The effects of recombinant HMGB1 was tested on human cartilage and chondrocytes in vitro. HMGB1 stimulated mRNA of 2 NFκB gene enhancers (NFκB1 and NFκB2), 16 CC and CXC chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CCL20, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL3L3, CCL4, CCL4L1, CCL4L2, CCL5, CCL8, CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) by ≥10-fold. Furthermore, HMGB1 and IL-1β and/or tumor necrosis factor α (but not HMGI/Y) also significantly induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, NO, and interleukin (IL)-8 production in human cartilage and chondrocytes. The recombinant HMGB1 utilized in this study shows properties that are similar to disulfide-HMGB1. The differential, stage and/or tissue-specific expression of HMGB1, HMGB2, and S100A in cartilage was associated with regions of pathology and/or cartilage homeostasis in human OA-affected cartilage. Noteworthy similarities in the expression of mouse and human HMGB1 and HMGB2 were conserved in normal and arthritis-affected cartilage. The multifunctional forms of HMGB1 and S100A could perpetuate damage-induced cartilage inflammation in late-stage OA-affected joints similar to sterile inflammation. The paracrine effects of HMGB1 can induce chemokines and NO that are perceived to change cartilage homeostasis in human OA-affected cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok R Amin
- 1 Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, Virginia Tech and Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine , RheuMatrix, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia
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26
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Kim HR, Kim KW, Kim BM, Jung HG, Cho ML, Lee SH. Reciprocal activation of CD4+ T cells and synovial fibroblasts by stromal cell-derived factor 1 promotes RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:538-48. [PMID: 24574213 DOI: 10.1002/art.38286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that is involved in the bone-destructive process in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bony metastasis in malignancy. This study was undertaken to determine the role and mechanism of SDF-1 in RA-associated osteoclastogenesis. METHODS The expression of SDF-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and RANKL in RA synovial tissue was analyzed using confocal microscopy. After synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells were treated with SDF-1, RANKL messenger RNA expression was determined by real-time and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed by counting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells in CD14+ monocytes cultured with SDF-1 in the presence of anticytokine antibodies or signal inhibitors and in monocytes cocultured with SDF-1-pretreated synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells. RESULTS RANKL, TNFα, and SDF-1 were coexpressed in the lining and sublining of RA synovium. SDF-1 stimulated RANKL expression in RA synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells, and TNFα inhibition reduced this stimulation. When monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were cultured with SDF-1, they were differentiated into osteoclasts in the absence of RANKL. Monocytes were also differentiated into osteoclasts when they were cocultured with SDF-1-pretreated synovial fibroblasts or CD4+T cells; however, this osteoclastogenesis was reduced by TNFα inhibition. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SDF-1 induces osteoclastogenesis directly and indirectly via up-regulating RANKL expression in RA synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells, and that this is mediated by TNFα. The axis of SDF-1 and RANKL is a potential therapeutic target for RA-associated bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rim Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Castaneda B, Simon Y, Ferbus D, Robert B, Chesneau J, Mueller C, Berdal A, Lézot F. Role of RANKL (TNFSF11)-dependent osteopetrosis in the dental phenotype of Msx2 null mutant mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80054. [PMID: 24278237 PMCID: PMC3836916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The MSX2 homeoprotein is implicated in all aspects of craniofacial skeletal development. During postnatal growth, MSX2 is expressed in all cells involved in mineralized tissue formation and plays a role in their differentiation and function. Msx2 null (Msx2 (-/-)) mice display complex craniofacial skeleton abnormalities with bone and tooth defects. A moderate form osteopetrotic phenotype is observed, along with decreased expression of RANKL (TNFSF11), the main osteoclast-differentiating factor. In order to elucidate the role of such an osteopetrosis in the Msx2 (-/-) mouse dental phenotype, a bone resorption rescue was performed by mating Msx2 (-/-) mice with a transgenic mouse line overexpressing Rank (Tnfrsf11a). Msx2 (-/-) Rank(Tg) mice had significant improvement in the molar phenotype, while incisor epithelium defects were exacerbated in the enamel area, with formation of massive osteolytic tumors. Although compensation for RANKL loss of function could have potential as a therapy for osteopetrosis, but in Msx2 (-/-) mice, this approach via RANK overexpression in monocyte-derived lineages, amplified latent epithelial tumor development in the peculiar continuously growing incisor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castaneda
- INSERM, UMR 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Equipe 5, Paris, F-75006 France; Université Paris-5, Paris, F-75006; Université Paris-6, Paris, F-75006 France; Université Paris-7, Paris, F-75006 France ; Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Velard F, Braux J, Amedee J, Laquerriere P. Inflammatory cell response to calcium phosphate biomaterial particles: an overview. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4956-63. [PMID: 23036944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a metabolically active and highly organized tissue consisting of a mineral phase of hydroxyapatite (HA) and amorphous calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals deposited in an organic matrix. One objective of bone tissue engineering is to mimic the chemical and structural properties of this complex tissue. CaP ceramics, such as sintered HA and beta-tricalcium phosphate, are widely used as bone substitutes or prosthesis coatings because of their osteoconductive properties. These ceramic interactions with tissues induce a cell response that can be different according to the composition of the material. In this review, we discuss inflammatory cell responses to CaP materials to provide a comprehensive overview of mechanisms governing the integration or loosening of implants, which remains a major concern in tissue engineering. A focus on the effects of the functionalization of CaP biomaterials highlights potential ways to increase tissue integration and limit rejection processes.
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Xiao H, Shan L, Zhu H, Xue F. Detection of significant pathways in osteoporosis based on graph clustering. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1325-32. [PMID: 22992777 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common and serious skeletal disorder among the elderly, characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD). Low bone mass in the elderly is highly dependent on their peak bone mass (PBM) as young adults. Circulating monocytes serve as early progenitors of osteoclasts and produce significant molecules for bone metabolism. An improved understanding of the biology and genetics of osteoclast differentiation at the pathway level is likely to be beneficial for the development of novel targeted approaches for osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to explore gene expression profiles comprehensively by grouping individual differentially expressed genes (DEGs) into gene sets and pathways using the graph clustering approach and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis. The results indicated that the DEGs between high and low PBM samples were grouped into nine gene sets. The genes in clusters 1 and 8 (including GBP1, STAT1, CXCL10 and EIF2AK2) may be associated with osteoclast differentiation by the immune system response. The genes in clusters 2, 7 and 9 (including SOCS3, SOD2, ATF3, ADM EGR2 and BCL2A1) may be associated with osteoclast differentiation by responses to various stimuli. This study provides a number of candidate genes that warrant further investigation, including DDX60, HERC5, RSAD2, SIGLEC1, CMPK2, MX1, SEPING1, EPSTI1, C9orf72, PHLDA2, PFKFB3, PLEKHG2, ANKRD28, IL1RN and RNF19B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai 201400, P.R. China
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Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Van Dyke TE. Oral inflammatory diseases and systemic inflammation: role of the macrophage. Front Immunol 2012; 3:118. [PMID: 22623923 PMCID: PMC3353263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex reaction to injurious agents and includes vascular responses, migration, and activation of leukocytes. Inflammation starts with an acute reaction, which evolves into a chronic phase if allowed to persist unresolved. Acute inflammation is a rapid process characterized by fluid exudation and emigration of leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, whereas chronic inflammation extends over a longer time and is associated with lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, blood vessel proliferation, and fibrosis. Inflammation is terminated when the invader is eliminated, and the secreted mediators are removed; however, many factors modify the course and morphologic appearance as well as the termination pattern and duration of inflammation. Chronic inflammatory illnesses such as diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease are now seen as problems that might have an impact on the periodontium. Reciprocal effects of periodontal diseases are potential factors modifying severity in the progression of systemic inflammatory diseases. Macrophages are key cells for the inflammatory processes as regulators directing inflammation to chronic pathological changes or resolution with no damage or scar tissue formation. As such, macrophages are involved in a remarkably diverse array of homeostatic processes of vital importance to the host. In addition to their critical role in immunity, macrophages are also widely recognized as ubiquitous mediators of cellular turnover and maintenance of extracellular matrix homeostasis. In this review, our objective is to identify macrophage-mediated events central to the inflammatory basis of chronic diseases, with an emphasis on how control of macrophage function can be used to prevent or treat harmful outcomes linked to uncontrolled inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, USA
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Wang Y, Li L, Moore BT, Peng XH, Fang X, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Xiao P. MiR-133a in human circulating monocytes: a potential biomarker associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34641. [PMID: 22506038 PMCID: PMC3323546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis mainly occurs in postmenopausal women, which is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) due to unbalanced bone resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts. Circulating monocytes play important roles in osteoclastogenesis by acting as osteoclast precursors and secreting osteoclastogenic factors, such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as important biomarkers in various diseases. The present study aimed to find significant miRNA biomarkers in human circulating monocytes underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used ABI TaqMan® miRNA array followed by qRT-PCR validation in circulating monocytes to identify miRNA biomarkers in 10 high and 10 low BMD postmenopausal Caucasian women. MiR-133a was upregulated (P=0.007) in the low compared with the high BMD groups in the array analyses, which was also validated by qRT-PCR (P=0.044). We performed bioinformatic target gene analysis and found three potential osteoclast-related target genes, CXCL11, CXCR3 and SLC39A1. In addition, we performed Pearson correlation analyses between the expression levels of miR-133a and the three potential target genes in the 20 postmenopausal women. We did find negative correlations between miR-133a and all the three genes though not significant. Conclusions/Significance This is the first in vivo miRNA expression analysis in human circulating monocytes to identify novel miRNA biomarkers underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our results suggest that miR-133a in circulating monocytes is a potential biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ling Li
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Moore
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xian-Hao Peng
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Biostatistical Core, Office of Research and Compliance, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Peng Xiao
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Grassi F, Manferdini C, Cattini L, Piacentini A, Gabusi E, Facchini A, Lisignoli G. T cell suppression by osteoclasts in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:982-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Pandruvada SNM, Yuvaraj S, Liu X, Sundaram K, Shanmugarajan S, Ries WL, Norris JS, London SD, Reddy SV. Role of CXC chemokine ligand 13 in oral squamous cell carcinoma associated osteolysis in athymic mice. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2319-29. [PMID: 19816883 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are malignant tumors with a potent activity of local bone invasion; however, the molecular mechanisms of tumor osteolysis are unclear. In this study, we identified high level expression of chemokine ligand, CXCL13 and RANK ligand (RANKL) in OSCC cells (SCC1, SCC12 and SCC14a). OSCC cell-conditioned media (20%) induced osteoclast differentiation which was inhibited by OPG in peripheral blood monocyte cultures indicating that OSCC cells produce soluble RANKL. Recombinant hCXCL13 (10 ng/ml) significantly enhanced RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation in these cultures. Trans-well migration assay identified that CXCL13 induces chemotaxis of peripheral blood monocytes in vitro which was inhibited by addition of anti-CXCR5 receptor antibody. Zymogram analysis of conditioned media from OSCC cells revealed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. Interestingly, CXCL13 treatment to OSCC cells induced CXCR5 and MMP-9 expression suggesting an autocrine regulatory function in OSCC cells. To examine the OSCC tumor cell bone invasion/osteolysis, we established an in vivo model for OSCC by subcutaneous injection of OSCC cells onto the surface of calvaria in NCr-nu/nu athymic mice, which developed tumors in 4-5 weeks. muCT analysis revealed numerous osteolytic lesions in calvaria from OSCC tumor-bearing mice. Histochemical staining of calvarial sections from these mice revealed a significant increase in the numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the tumor-bone interface. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed CXCL13 and MMP-9 expression in tumor cells. Thus, our data implicate a functional role for CXCL13 in bone invasion and may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent osteolysis associated with OSCC tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanya N M Pandruvada
- Charles P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Lombardi F, Franzese A, Iafusco D, del Puente A, Esposito A, Prisco F, Troncone R, Valerio G. Bone involvement in clusters of autoimmune diseases: just a complication? Bone 2010; 46:551-5. [PMID: 19815104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss, described in individual groups of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) or celiac disease (CD) is usually viewed as a complication of these diseases. There is increasing evidence that alterations in the immune system may directly affect bone mass. Clustering of autoimmune diseases in the same individual might predispose to higher risk of osteopenia due to imbalance in immune regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone involvement in clusters of the most common autoimmune diseases (T1D, ATD and CD) in children. The study was performed at a tertiary care center for the care of pediatric diabetes. One-hundred-two patients with T1D alone or associated with ATD and/or CD were studied; 13 patients had cluster of three autoimmune diseases. Amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) was measured by phalangeal quantitative ultrasound and expressed as standard deviation score (SDS). AD-SoS SDS < -2 was considered indicative of osteopenia. Osteopenia was equally distributed among children with T1D alone (8.1%), T1D associated with ATD (7.7%) or CD (10.3%), while it was 53.8% in patients presenting with three autoimmune diseases. Poor compliance to gluten-free diet increased osteopenia to 18.8% in patients with T1D and CD and 80% in patients with three autoimmune disorders. No difference among groups was found with regard to gluco-metabolic control, calcium metabolism, thyroid function. In conclusion bone impairment in multiple autoimmune diseases might be considered not only a complication due to endocrine or nutritional mechanisms, but also a consequence of an immunoregulatory imbalance. Alterations of homeostatic mechanisms might explain an imbalance of osteoclast activity leading to osteopenia.
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Andersen TL, Søe K, Sondergaard TE, Plesner T, Delaisse JM. Myeloma cell-induced disruption of bone remodelling compartments leads to osteolytic lesions and generation of osteoclast-myeloma hybrid cells. Br J Haematol 2009; 148:551-61. [PMID: 19919653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteolytic lesions are a hallmark of multiple myeloma. They are due to the hyperactivity of bone resorbing osteoclasts and hypoactivity of bone forming osteoblasts, in response to neighbouring myeloma cells. This study identified a structure that deeply affects this response, because of its impact on the physical organisation of the myeloma cell microenvironment. The proximity between myeloma cells and osteoclasts or osteoblasts was shown to be conditioned by the recently discovered layer of flat cells that separates the osteoclasts and osteoblasts from the bone marrow, by forming a canopy over bone remodelling compartment (BRC). These canopies are frequently disrupted in myeloma, and this disruption correlates with increased proximity and density of myeloma cells. In vitro evidence indicates that this disruption may be due to direct contact between myeloma and BRC canopy cells. Importantly, this disruption and increased proximity and density of myeloma cells coincides with key myeloma-induced bone events, such as osteolytic lesions, impaired bone formation despite increased bone resorption, and fusion of myeloma cells with osteoclasts thereby forming myeloma-osteoclast hybrid cells. These findings strongly support a critical role of BRC canopies in myeloma-induced bone disease. BRC canopies could therefore be considered as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital, CSFU-IRS, University of Southern Denmark.
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Podgorski I, Linebaugh BE, Koblinski JE, Rudy DL, Herroon MK, Olive MB, Sloane BF. Bone marrow-derived cathepsin K cleaves SPARC in bone metastasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1255-69. [PMID: 19700761 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a hallmark of advanced prostate and breast cancers, yet the critical factors behind attraction of tumors to the skeleton have not been validated. Here, we investigated the involvement of cathepsin K in the progression of prostate tumors in the bone, which occurs both by direct degradation of bone matrix collagen I and by cleavage of other factors in the bone microenvironment. Our results demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cathepsin K is capable of processing and thereby modulating SPARC, a protein implicated in bone metastasis and inflammation. The coincident up-regulation of SPARC and cathepsin K occurred both in vivo in experimental prostate bone tumors, and in vitro in co-cultures of bone marrow stromal cells with PC3 prostate carcinoma cells. PC3-bone marrow stromal cell interaction increased secretion and processing of SPARC, as did co-cultures of bone marrow stromal cells with two other cancer cell lines. In addition, bone marrow stromal cells that were either deficient in cathepsin K or treated with cathepsin K inhibitors had significantly reduced secretion and cleavage of SPARC. Increases in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (ie, interleukin-6, -8) coincident with overexpression of cathepsin K suggest possible mechanisms by which this enzyme contributes to tumor progression in the bone. This is the first study implicating bone marrow cathepsin K in regulation of biological activity of SPARC in bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Podgorski
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Tonnarelli B, Manferdini C, Piacentini A, Codeluppi K, Zini N, Ghisu S, Facchini A, Lisignoli G. Surface-dependent modulation of proliferation, bone matrix molecules, and inflammatory factors in human osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:687-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lei SF, Wu S, Li LM, Deng FY, Xiao SM, Jiang C, Chen Y, Jiang H, Yang F, Tan LJ, Sun X, Zhu XZ, Liu MY, Liu YZ, Chen XD, Deng HW. An in vivo genome wide gene expression study of circulating monocytes suggested GBP1, STAT1 and CXCL10 as novel risk genes for the differentiation of peak bone mass. Bone 2009; 44:1010-4. [PMID: 19223260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peak bone mass (PBM) is an important determinant of osteoporosis. Circulating monocytes serve as early progenitors of osteoclasts and produce important molecules for bone metabolism. To search for genes functionally important for PBM variation, we performed a whole genome gene differential expression study of circulating monocytes in human premenopausal subjects with extremely low (N=12) vs. high (N=14) PBM. We used Affymetrix HG-U133 plus2.0 GeneChip arrays. We identified 70 differential expression probe sets (p<0.01) corresponding to 49 unique genes. After false discovery rate adjustment, three genes [STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; GBP1, guanylate binding protein 1; CXCL10, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10] expressed significantly differentially (p<0.05). The RT-PCR results independently confirmed the significantly differential expression of GBP1 gene, and the differential expression trend of STAT1. Functional analyses suggested that the three genes are associated with the osteoclastogenic processes of proliferation, migration, differentiation, migration, chemotaxis, adhesion. Therefore, we may tentatively hypothesize that the three genes may potentially contribute to differential osteoclastogenesis, which may in the end lead to differential PBM. Our results indicate that the GBP1, STAT1 and CXCL10 may be novel risk genes for the differentiation of PBM at the monocyte stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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Zrioual S, Ecochard R, Tournadre A, Lenief V, Cazalis MA, Miossec P. Genome-Wide Comparison between IL-17A- and IL-17F-Induced Effects in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3112-20. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Schiller KR, Zillhardt MR, Alley J, Borjesson DL, Beitz AJ, Mauro LJ. Secretion of MCP-1 and other paracrine factors in a novel tumor-bone coculture model. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:45. [PMID: 19192289 PMCID: PMC2644314 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone-tumor microenvironment encompasses unique interactions between the normal cells of the bone and marrow cavity and the malignant cells from a primary or metastasized cancer. A multitude of paracrine factors within this microenvironment such as the growth factor, TGF-beta, and the chemokine, MCP-1, are secreted by many of these cell types. These factors can act in concert to modulate normal and malignant cell proliferation, malignant cell migration and invasion and, often, mediate bone cancer pain. Although many valuable in vitro and in vivo models exist, identifying the relevant paracrine factors and deciphering their interactions is still a challenge. The aim of our study is to test an ex vivo coculture model that will allow monitoring of the expression, release and regulation of paracrine factors during interactions of an intact femur explant and tumor cells. METHODS Intact or marrow-depleted neonatal mouse femurs and select murine and human sarcoma or carcinoma cell lines were incubated singly or in coculture in specialized well plates. Viability of the bone and cells was determined by immunohistochemical stains, microscopy and marrow cytopreps. Secretion and mRNA expression of paracrine factors was quantitated by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Compartments of the bone were optimally viable for up to 48 h in culture and tumor cells for up to 4 days. Bone was the major contributor of TGF-beta and MMP2 whereas both bone and sarcoma cells secreted the chemokine MCP-1 in cocultures. Synergistic interaction between the femur and sarcoma resulted in enhanced MCP-1 secretion and expression in cocultures and was dependent on the presence of the hematopoietic component of the bone as well as other bone cells. In contrast, coculturing with breast carcinoma cells resulted in reduction of TGF-beta and MCP-1 secretion from the bone. CONCLUSION These studies illustrate the feasibility of this model to examine paracrine interactions between intact bone and tumor cells. Further study of unique regulation of MCP-1 secretion and signaling between these cell types in different types of cancer will be possible using this simulated microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Schiller
- Department of Animal Science-Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108-6009, USA.
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41
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Giuliani N, Lisignoli G, Colla S, Lazzaretti M, Storti P, Mancini C, Bonomini S, Manferdini C, Codeluppi K, Facchini A, Rizzoli V. CC-chemokine ligand 20/macrophage inflammatory protein-3α and CC-chemokine receptor 6 are overexpressed in myeloma microenvironment related to osteolytic bone lesions. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6840-50. [PMID: 18703490 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the chemokine CC-chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20)/macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha and its receptor CC-chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) by multiple myeloma (MM) and microenvironment cells and their potential relationship with osteoclast (OC) formation and osteolytic bone lesions in MM patients was investigated in this study. First, we found that MM cells rarely produce CCL20/MIP-3alpha but up-regulate its production by bone marrow (BM) osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts in coculture with the involvement of soluble factors as interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. MM cells also stimulate both CCL20/MIP-3alpha and CCR6 expression by OCs in coculture. Thereafter, we showed that CCL20/MIP-3alpha significantly increases both the number of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive OCs and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB-positive OC progenitor cells similar to CCL3/MIP-1alpha. Finally, we found that blocking anti-CCL20/MIP-3alpha and anti-CCR6 antibodies significantly inhibits MM-induced OC formation. In vitro data were further expanded in vivo analyzing a total number of 64 MM patients. Significantly higher CCL20/MIP-3alpha levels were detected in MM patients versus monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) subjects and in MM osteolytic patients versus nonosteolytic ones. Moreover, a significant increase of CCL20/MIP-3alpha-positive osteoblasts in osteolytic MM patients compared with nonosteolytic ones was observed. Interestingly, no significant difference in BM CCL20/MIP-3alpha expression and level was observed between MGUS and nonosteolytic MM patients. Our data indicate that CCL20/MIP-3alpha and its receptor CCR6 are up-regulated in the bone microenvironment by MM cells and contribute to OC formation and osteolytic bone lesions in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giuliani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Abstract
It has become clear that complex interactions underlie the relationship between the skeletal and immune systems. This is particularly true for the development of immune cells in the bone marrow as well as the functions of bone cells in skeletal homeostasis and pathologies. Because these two disciplines developed independently, investigators with an interest in either often do not fully appreciate the influence of the other system on the functions of the tissue that they are studying. With these issues in mind, this review will focus on several key areas that are mediated by crosstalk between the bone and immune systems. A more complete appreciation of the interactions between immune and bone cells should lead to better therapeutic strategies for diseases that affect either or both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Hoon Lee
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Tae-Soo Kim
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Yongwon Choi
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- The Department of Medicine and the Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
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Fibroproliferation in LPS-induced airway remodeling and bleomycin-induced fibrosis share common patterns of gene expression. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:353-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lorenzo J, Horowitz M, Choi Y. Osteoimmunology: interactions of the bone and immune system. Endocr Rev 2008; 29:403-40. [PMID: 18451259 PMCID: PMC2528852 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone and the immune system are both complex tissues that respectively regulate the skeleton and the body's response to invading pathogens. It has now become clear that these organ systems often interact in their function. This is particularly true for the development of immune cells in the bone marrow and for the function of bone cells in health and disease. Because these two disciplines developed independently, investigators in each don't always fully appreciate the significance that the other system has on the function of the tissue they are studying. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the many ways that bone and immune cells interact so that a better understanding of the role that each plays in the development and function of the other can develop. It is hoped that an appreciation of the interactions of these two organ systems will lead to better therapeutics for diseases that affect either or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Connecticut Health Center, N4054, MC5456, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-5456, USA.
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Abstract
Osteopenia and periarticular bony erosion are consequences of chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease due to an imbalance of osteoclast activity relative to new bone formation. Osteoclasts, which are specialized as the only bone resorbing cell type, are differentiated from hematopoietic myeloid precursor cells. Inflammatory signals mediated by multiple types of immune cells and cytokines have significant influence over osteoclast differentiation and function through direct effects on osteoclast precursors and indirect effects via osteoblasts and other cells in the bony microenvironment including synovial cells, stromal cells, osteocytes and chondrocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that osteoclasts themselves express a number of immune receptors and are regulated similarly to macrophages and dendritic cells, closely related cells in the innate immune system. Though we are only beginning to understand the roles of innate immune receptors in osteoclasts, some of these receptors have been shown to be critical regulators of differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts likely function as the innate immune cells of the bone, thus are highly regulated to appropriately respond to stress and inflammatory changes in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract
Herein we have analyzed chemokine involvement in the trafficking of developing and mature mouse natural killer (NK) cells in the bone marrow (BM). We observed drastic changes of CCR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4 expression and function during progression from precursor NK (pNK) cells to immature DX5- NK (iNK) and mature DX5+ NK (mNK) cells. pNK and mNK cells expressed the 3 receptors, while only CXCR4 was detected on iNK cells. Correspondingly, mNK cells migrated to CXCL12, CXCL10, and CCL3, and pNK and iNK cells to CXCL12, whereas pNK cells migrated to CCL3 and CXCL10 only after CXCL12 stimulation. Comparison of BM, peripheral blood, and spleen mNK cell populations revealed that CXCL12, CXCL10, and CCL3 preferentially affected BM mNK cell migration. Administration of the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD-3100, to C57BL/6 mice induced strong reduction of mNK and iNK cells in the BM and increased their number in blood and spleen. Conversely, CCL3 administration selectively mobilized mNK cells from the BM and this effect correlated with its ability to inhibit CXCL12-mediated mNK cell responses in vitro. Our results suggest that the combined action of chemokines selectively regulates localization of NK cell subsets in the BM and direct their maturation and migration to the periphery.
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Yang G, Zaidi M, Zhang W, Zhu LL, Li J, Iqbal J, Varbanov A, Gross G, Phipps R, Troen BR, Sun L. Functional grouping of osteoclast genes revealed through microarray analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 366:352-9. [PMID: 18060857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe for the first time functional clusters of genes that are modulated during the differentiation of osteoclasts. Pathway analysis was applied to gene array data generated from affymetrix chips hybridized to RNA isolated from RAW264.7 cells exposed to RANK-ligand (RANK-L) for 5 days. This analysis revealed major functional gene clusters that were either up- or down-regulated during osteoclastogenesis. Some of the genes within the clusters have known functions, while others do not. We discuss herein the relevance of these functional gene clusters and their modulation to biological processes underlying the formation, function, and fate of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Yang
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Hirbe AC, Rubin J, Uluçkan Ö, Morgan EA, Eagleton MC, Prior JL, Piwnica-Worms D, Weilbaecher KN. Disruption of CXCR4 enhances osteoclastogenesis and tumor growth in bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14062-7. [PMID: 17715292 PMCID: PMC1955795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705203104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 regulates hematopoietic and tumor cell homing to bone, but its role during osteoclast (OC) development is unknown. We investigated the role of CXCR4 in osteoclastogenesis and in a model of bone metastasis. Compared with controls, mice reconstituted with CXCR4 null hematopoietic cells exhibited elevated markers of bone resorption, increased OC perimeter along bone, and increased bone loss. CXCR4-/- OCs demonstrated accelerated differentiation and enhanced bone resorption in vitro. Furthermore, tumor growth specifically in bone was significantly increased in mice reconstituted with CXCR4-/- hematopoietic cells. Finally, enhancement of bone tumor growth in the absence of CXCR4 was abrogated with the OC inhibitor, zoledronic acid. These data demonstrate that disruption of CXCR4 enhances osteoclastogenesis and suggest that inhibition of CXCR4 may enhance established skeletal tumor burden by increasing OC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Özge Uluçkan
- *Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, and
| | | | | | - Julie L. Prior
- Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- *Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Lu Y, Cai Z, Xiao G, Keller ET, Mizokami A, Yao Z, Roodman GD, Zhang J. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mediates prostate cancer-induced bone resorption. Cancer Res 2007; 67:3646-53. [PMID: 17440076 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to bone, resulting in high mortality. Strategies to inhibit prostate cancer metastasis include targeting both tumor-induced osteoblastic lesions and underlying osteoclastic activities. We and others have previously shown that blocking receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) partially blocks tumor establishment and progression in bone in murine models. However, levels of RANKL in the cell lines used in these studies were very low, suggesting that soluble factors other than RANKL may mediate the cancer-induced osteoclast activity. To identify these factors, a human cytokine antibody array was used to measure cytokine expression in conditioned medium collected from primary prostate epithelial cells (PrEC), prostate cancer LNCaP and its derivative C4-2B, and PC3 cells. All prostate cancer cells produced high amounts of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) compared with PrEC cells. Furthermore, levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, GROalpha, ENA-78, and CXCL-16 were higher in PC3 than LNCaP. These results were confirmed by ELISA. Finally, human bone marrow mononuclear cells (HBMC) were cultured with PC3 conditioned medium. Although both recombinant human MCP-1 and IL-8 directly stimulated HBMC differentiation into osteoclast-like cells, IL-8, but not MCP-1, induced bone resorption on dentin slices with 21 days of culture in the absence of RANKL. However, the conditioned medium-induced bone resorption was inhibited by MCP-1 neutralizing antibody and was further synergistically inhibited with IL-8 antibody, indicating that MCP-1, in addition to IL-8, mediates tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. MCP-1 may promote preosteoclast cell fusion, forming multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast-like cells. This study may provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of prostate cancer skeletal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW. The role of the chemokine CXCL12 in osteoclastogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007; 18:108-13. [PMID: 17320408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 (variously termed stromal-derived factor 1 or B cell-stimulating factor) is a highly conserved chemotactic cytokine belonging to the large family of CXC chemokines. CXCL12 has crucial roles in the formation of multiple organ systems during embryogenesis and in the regulation of bone marrow haematopoiesis and immune function in the postnatal organism. Although considered an important factor in normal bone metabolism, recent studies implicate CXCL12 in the pathogenesis of several diseases involving the skeleton, including rheumatoid arthritis and cancers that metastasize to bone. Recent studies have highlighted an emerging role for CXCL12 in the processes of physiological and pathological bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group, Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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