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Rezzani R, Favero G, Gianò M, Pinto D, Labanca M, van Noorden CJ, Rinaldi F. Transient Receptor Potential Channels in the Healthy and Diseased Blood-Brain Barrier. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:199-231. [PMID: 38590114 PMCID: PMC11020746 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241246032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The large family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are integral membrane proteins that function as environmental sensors and act as ion channels after activation by mechanical (touch), physical (heat, pain), and chemical stimuli (pungent compounds such as capsaicin). Most TRP channels are localized in the plasma membrane of cells but some of them are localized in membranes of organelles and function as intracellular Ca2+-ion channels. TRP channels are involved in neurological disorders but their precise role(s) and relevance in these disorders are not clear. Endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) express TRP channels such as TRP vanilloid 1-4 and are involved in thermal detection by regulating BBB permeability. In neurological disorders, TRP channels in the BBB are responsible for edema formation in the brain. Therefore, drug design to modulate locally activity of TRP channels in the BBB is a hot topic. Today, the application of TRP channel antagonists against neurological disorders is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rezzani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs - ARTO, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale - SISDO), Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs - ARTO, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marzia Gianò
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Labanca
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale - SISDO), Brescia, Italy
| | - Cornelis J.F. van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fabio Rinaldi
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project Institute, Milan, Italy
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Feng J, Zhuo S, Liu D, Peng H, Guo D, Li N, Sun H, Zhang C, Zhao J. H 2S inhibits LiCl/pilocarpine-induced seizures and promotes neuroprotection by regulating TRPV2 expression via the AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105677. [PMID: 38290616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and atypical neuronal discharges, resulting in transient dysfunction within the brain. The protective role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in epilepsy has been elucidated by recent studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate this, the concentration of H2S was measured by spectrophotometry and a fluorescent probe in LiCl/Pilocarpine (LiCl/Pilo)-induced seizures in rats. The localization of proteins was examined using immunofluorescence. Electroencephalogram and behavioral tests were employed to evaluate the occurrence of seizures. Neuropathological changes in the hippocampus were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Through proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, we identified the differential proteins in the hippocampus of rats following H2S intervention. Protein changes were detected through western blotting. The results showed that H2S treatment significantly alleviated seizures and minimized post-seizures neurological damage in rats. Proteomics analysis revealed adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) as a protein potentially targeted by H2S. Moreover, the AC3 activator forskolin reversed the downregulation effect of H2S on the AC3/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) signaling pathway. In conclusion, H2S targets and downregulates the expression of AC3, thereby modulating the AC3/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway to regulate the expression of TRPV2 in LiCl/Pilo-induced seizures, ultimately leading to seizure inhibition and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shenghua Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dayuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dachuang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Jiannong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Zimmerman WD, Pergakis M, Ahmad G, Morris NA, Podell J, Chang WT, Motta M, Chen H, Jindal G, Bodanapally U, Simard JM, Badjatia N, Parikh GY. Iodine-based dual-energy CT predicts early neurological decline from cerebral edema after large hemispheric infarction. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3508427. [PMID: 37986926 PMCID: PMC10659527 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3508427/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background & Purpose Ischemia affecting two thirds of the MCA territory predicts development of malignant cerebral edema. However, early infarcts are hard to diagnose on conventional head CT. We hypothesize that high-energy (190keV) virtual monochromatic images (VMI) from dual-energy CT (DECT) imaging enables earlier detection of secondary injury from malignant cerebral edema (MCE). Methods Consecutive LHI patients with NIHSS ≥ 15 and DECT within 10 hours of reperfusion from May 2020 to March 2022 were included. We excluded patients with parenchymal hematoma-type 2 transformation. Retrospective analysis of clinical and novel variables included VMI Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), total iodine content, and VMI infarct volume. Primary outcome was early neurological decline (END). Secondary outcomes included hemorrhagic transformation, decompressive craniectomy (DC), and medical treatment of MCE. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon test were used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to develop prediction models for categorical outcomes. Results Eighty-four LHI patients with a median age of 67.5 [IQR 57,78] years and NIHSS 22 [IQR 18,25] were included. Twenty-nine patients had END. VMI ASPECTS, total iodine content, and VMI infarct volume were associated with END. VMI ASPECTS, VMI infarct volume, and total iodine content were predictors of END after adjusting for age, sex, initial NIHSS, and tPA administration, with a AUROC of 0.691 [0.572,0.810], 0.877 [0.800, 0.954], and 0.845 [0.750, 0.940]. By including all three predictors, the model achieved AUROC of 0.903 [0.84,0.97] and was cross validated by leave one out method with AUROC of 0.827. Conclusion DECT with high-energy VMI and iodine quantification is superior to conventional CT ASPECTS and is a novel predictor for early neurological decline due to malignant cerebral edema after large hemispheric infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ghasan Ahmad
- Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center
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Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Sáez X, Albertos-Arranz H, Sánchez-Castillo C, Vidal-Gil L, Cuenca N, Lax P, Maneu V. Ischemia-Reperfusion Increases TRPM7 Expression in Mouse Retinas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16068. [PMID: 38003256 PMCID: PMC10671235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is the main cause of cell death in retinal diseases such as vascular occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinopathy of prematurity. Although excitotoxicity is considered the primary mechanism of cell death during an ischemic event, antagonists of glutamatergic receptors have been unsuccessful in clinical trials with patients suffering ischemia or stroke. Our main purpose was to analyze if the transient receptor potential channel 7 (TRPM7) could contribute to retinal dysfunction in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia. By using an experimental model of acute retinal ischemia, we analyzed the changes in retinal function by electroretinography and the changes in retinal morphology by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the pattern of TRPM7 and its expression level in the retina. Our results show that ischemia elicited a decrease in retinal responsiveness to light stimuli along with reactive gliosis and a significant increase in the expression of TRPM7 in Müller cells. TRPM7 could emerge as a new drug target to be explored in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Henar Albertos-Arranz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Lorena Vidal-Gil
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (N.M.-G.); (X.S.-S.); (H.A.-A.); (C.S.-C.); (L.V.-G.); (N.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (O.K.); (L.F.-S.)
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Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Mastana SS, Kandimalla R, Sharma PK, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting calcium homeostasis and impaired inter-organelle crosstalk as a potential therapeutic approach in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2023; 330:121995. [PMID: 37541578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Current therapeutic strategies for PD are limited and mainly involve symptomatic relief, with no available treatment for the underlying causes of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. Calcium homeostasis is an essential process for maintaining proper cellular function and survival, including neuronal cells. Calcium dysregulation is also observed in various organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, resulting in organelle dysfunction and impaired inter-organelle communication. The ER, as the primary calcium reservoir, is responsible for folding proteins and maintaining calcium homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. The crosstalk between ER and mitochondrial calcium signaling is disrupted in PD, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. In addition, a lethal network of calcium cytotoxicity utilizes mitochondria, ER and lysosome to destroy neurons. This review article focused on the complex role of calcium dysregulation and its role in aggravating functioning of organelles in PD so as to provide new insight into therapeutic strategies for treating this disease. Targeting dysfunctional organelles, such as the ER and mitochondria and lysosomes and whole network of calcium dyshomeostasis can restore proper calcium homeostasis and improve neuronal function. Additionally targeting calcium dyshomeostasis that arises from miscommunication between several organelles can be targeted so that therapeutic effects of calcium are realised in whole cellular territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Ovey IS, Ozsimsek A, Velioglu HA, Altay O, Mardinoglu A, Yulug B. EGb 761 reduces Ca 2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1195303. [PMID: 37744878 PMCID: PMC10516604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1195303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been found to have significant implications in neuronal outgrowth, survival, inflammatory neurogenic pain, and various epileptogenic processes. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have a significant impact on epilepsy and its drug-resistant subtypes. Objective We postulated that EGb 761 would modulate TRPA1 channels, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a neuroblastoma cell line. Our rationale was to investigate the impact of EGb 761 in a controlled model of pentylenetetrazole-induced generalized epilepsy. Methodology We evaluated the neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of EGb 761 both before and after the pentylenetetrazole application in a neuroblastoma cell line. Specifically, we focused on the effects of EGB 761 on the activity of Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Results EGb 761 applications both before and after the pentylenetetrazole incubation period reduced Ca release and restored apoptosis, ROS changes, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase levels, suggesting a prominent prophylactic and therapeutic effect of EGb 761 in the pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptogenesis process. Conclusion Our basic mechanistic framework for elucidating the pathophysiological significance of fundamental ion mechanisms in a pentylenetetrazole treated neuroblastoma cell line provided compelling evidence for the favorable efficacy and safety profile of Egb 761 in human-relevant in vitro model of epilepsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the combined effects of EGb 761 and pentylenetetrazole on TRP channels and measure their activation level in a relevant model of human epileptic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishak Suat Ovey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ozlem Altay
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Türkiye
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Ali ES, Chakrabarty B, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Kundu N, Sarkar C, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. TRPM2-mediated Ca 2+ signaling as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment: an updated review of its role in survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 37337283 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 2 (TRPM2), a thermo and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive Ca2+-permeable cation channel has a vital role in surviving the cell as well as defending the adaptability of various cell groups during and after oxidative stress. It shows higher expression in several cancers involving breast, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma, indicating it raises the survivability of cancerous cells. In various cancers including gastric cancers, and neuroblastoma, TRPM2 is known to conserve viability, and several underlying mechanisms of action have been proposed. Transcription factors are thought to activate TRPM2 channels, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. In normal physiological conditions with an optimal expression of TRPM2, mitochondrial ROS is produced in optimal amounts while regulation of antioxidant expression is carried on. Depletion of TRPM2 overexpression or activity has been shown to improve ischemia-reperfusion injury in organ levels, reduce tumor growth and/or viability of various malignant cancers like breast, gastric, pancreatic, prostate, head and neck cancers, melanoma, neuroblastoma, T-cell and acute myelogenous leukemia. This updated and comprehensive review also analyzes the mechanisms by which TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling can regulate the growth and survival of different types of cancer cells. Based on the discussion of the available data, it can be concluded that TRPM2 may be a unique therapeutic target in the treatment of several types of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunus S Ali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Sarker Ramproshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Banani Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Neloy Kundu
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Yang F, Sivils A, Cegielski V, Singh S, Chu XP. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Pain, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054714. [PMID: 36902145 PMCID: PMC10003176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacomodulation of membrane channels is an essential topic in the study of physiological conditions and disease status. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are one such family of nonselective cation channels that have an important influence. In mammals, TRP channels consist of seven subfamilies with a total of twenty-eight members. Evidence shows that TRP channels mediate cation transduction in neuronal signaling, but the full implication and potential therapeutic applications of this are not entirely clear. In this review, we aim to highlight several TRP channels which have been shown to mediate pain sensation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and epilepsy. Recent findings suggest that TRPM (melastatin), TRPV (vanilloid), and TRPC (canonical) are of particular relevance to these phenomena. The research reviewed in this paper validates these TRP channels as potential targets of future clinical treatment and offers patients hope for more effective care.
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9
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Dietz RM, Dingman AL, Herson PS. Cerebral ischemia in the developing brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1777-1796. [PMID: 35765984 PMCID: PMC9536116 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischemia affects all ages, from neonates to the elderly population, and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Multiple preclinical rodent models involving different ages have been developed to investigate the effect of ischemia during different times of key brain maturation events. Traditional models of developmental brain ischemia have focused on rodents at postnatal day 7-10, though emerging models in juvenile rodents (postnatal days 17-25) indicate that there may be fundamental differences in neuronal injury and functional outcomes following focal or global cerebral ischemia at different developmental ages, as well as in adults. Here, we consider the timing of injury in terms of excitation/inhibition balance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, blood brain barrier integrity, and white matter injury. Finally, we review translational strategies to improve function after ischemic brain injury, including new ideas regarding neurorestoration, or neural repair strategies that restore plasticity, at delayed time points after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andra L Dingman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Zhou M, Zhang T, Zhang X, Zhang M, Gao S, Zhang T, Li S, Cai X, Li J, Lin Y. Effect of Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids on Neurological Recovery via Ameliorating Apoptosis and Regulating the Activation and Polarization of Astrocytes in Ischemic Stroke. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37478-37492. [PMID: 35951372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, as the most plentiful subtypes of glial cells, play an essential biphasic function in ischemic stroke (IS). However, although having beneficial effects on stroke via promoting nerve restoration and limiting lesion extension, astrocytes can unavoidably cause exacerbated brain damage due to their participation in the inflammatory response. Therefore, seeking an effective and safe drug/strategy for protecting and regulating astrocytes in stroke is urgent. Here, we employ tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) nanomaterials for astrocytes in stroke, considering their excellent biological properties and outstanding biosafety. In vitro, tFNA can inhibit calcium overload and ROS regeneration triggered by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), which provides a protective effect against astrocytic apoptosis. Furthermore, morphological changes such as hyperplasia and hypertrophy of reactive astrocytes are restrained, and the astrocytic polarization from the proinflammatory A1 phenotype to the neuroprotective A2 phenotype is facilitated by tFNA, which further alleviates cerebral infarct volume and facilitates the recovery of neurological function in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) rat models. Moreover, the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway is downregulated by tFNA, which may be the potential mechanism of tFNA for protecting astrocytes in stroke. Collectively, we demonstrate that tFNA can effectively mediate astrocytic apoptosis, activation, and polarization to alleviate brain injury, which represents a potential intervention strategy for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shaojingya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Songhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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11
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Yang T, Guo R, Ofengeim D, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Chen J, Zhang F. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Nishio R, Morioka H, Takeuchi A, Saeki N, Furuhata R, Katahira M, Chinenn T, Tamura H, Tamano H, Takeda A. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide produced by 6-hydroxydopamine is a trigger for nigral dopaminergic degeneration of rats via rapid influx of extracellular Zn 2. Neurotoxicology 2021; 89:1-8. [PMID: 34958835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism and significance of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Zn2+ toxicity, which is involved in neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rats, we postulated that intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by 6-OHDA is a trigger for intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc. Intracellular H2O2 level elevated by 6-OHDA in the SNpc was completely inhibited by co-injection of GBR 13069 dihydrochloride (GBR), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, suggesting that 6-OHDA taken up through dopamine transporters produces H2O2 in the intercellular compartment of dopaminergic neurons. When the SNpc was perfused with H2O2, glutamate accumulated in the extracellular compartment and the accumulation was inhibited in the presence of N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), a blocker of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels. In addition to 6-OHDA, H2O2 also induced intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation via AMPA receptor activation followed by nigral dopaminergic degeneration. Furthermore, 6-OHDA-induced nigral dopaminergic degeneration was completely inhibited by co-injection of either HYDROP, an intracellular H2O2 scavenger or GBR into the SNpc. The present study indicates that H2O2 is produced by 6-OHDA taken up through dopamine transporters in the SNpc, is retrogradely transported to presynaptic glutamatergic terminals, activates TRPM2 channels, accumulates glutamate in the extracellular compartment, and induces intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation via AMPA receptor activation, resulting in nigral dopaminergic degeneration prior to movement disorder. It is likely that intracellular H2O2, but not extracellular H2O2, is a key trigger for nigral dopaminergic degeneration via intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nishio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Morioka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Azusa Takeuchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nana Saeki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Furuhata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Misa Katahira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takato Chinenn
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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13
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Zhu T, Zhu M, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Huang N, Wan G, Xu J, Song P, Wang S, Yin Y, Li P. Puerarin Alleviates Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:717008. [PMID: 34720898 PMCID: PMC8554240 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.717008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers vascular dementia (VD), which is characterized by memory loss, cognitive deficits, and vascular injury in the brain. Puerarin (Pur) represents the major isoflavone glycoside of Radix Puerariae, with verified neuroprotective activity and cardiovascular protective effects. However, whether Pur ameliorates cognitive impairment and vascular injury in rats with permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO) remains unknown. This work aimed to assess Pur's effects on BCCAO-induced VD and to dissect the underlying mechanisms, especially examining the function of transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) in alleviating cognitive deficits and vascular injuries. Rats with BCCAO developed VD. Pur (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated the pathological changes, increased synaptic structural plasticity in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region and decreased oxidative stress, which eventually reduced cognitive impairment and vascular injury in BCCAO rats. Notably, Pur-improved neuronal cell loss, synaptic structural plasticity, and endothelial vasorelaxation function might be mediated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent TRPM2/NMDAR pathway, evidenced by decreased levels of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), Bax, Bax/Bcl2, and TRPM2, and increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl2, and NR2A. In conclusion, Pur has therapeutic potential for VD, alleviating neuronal cell apoptosis and vascular injury, which may be related to the ROS-dependent TRPM2/NMDAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Moli Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zeqing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ning Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangrui Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuangxi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
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14
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Functional Restoration following Global Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice following Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential M2 (TRPM2) Ion Channels. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8774663. [PMID: 34659399 PMCID: PMC8514917 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8774663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal cell death and cognitive dysfunction are common following global cerebral ischemia across all ages, including children. Most research has focused on preventing neuronal death. Restoration of neuronal function after cell death is an alternative approach (neurorestoration). We previously identified transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) ion channels as a potential target for acute neuroprotection and delayed neurorestoration in an adult CA/CPR mouse model. Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) in juvenile (p20-25) mice was used to investigate the role of ion TRPM2 channels in neuroprotection and ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction in the developing brain. Our novel TRPM2 inhibitor, tatM2NX, did not confer protection against CA1 pyramidal cell death but attenuated synaptic plasticity (long-term plasticity (LTP)) deficits in both sexes. Further, in vivo administration of tatM2NX two weeks after CA/CPR reduced LTP impairments and restored memory function. These data provide evidence that pharmacological synaptic restoration of the surviving hippocampal network can occur independent of neuroprotection via inhibition of TRPM2 channels, providing a novel strategy to improve cognitive recovery in children following cerebral ischemia. Importantly, these data underscore the importance of age-appropriate models in disease research.
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15
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Andriulė I, Pangonytė D, Almanaitytė M, Patamsytė V, Kuprytė M, Karčiauskas D, Mubagwa K, Mačianskienė R. Evidence for the expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in cardiomyocytes from all four chamber walls of the human heart. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15445. [PMID: 34326388 PMCID: PMC8322396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the channels-enzymes TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the human heart remains poorly defined, and TRPM6 is generally considered not to be expressed in cardiomyocytes. We examined their expression at protein and mRNA levels using right atrial samples resected from patients (n = 72) with or without ischemic heart disease (IHD) and samples from all chamber walls of explanted human hearts (n = 9). TRPM6 and TRPM7 proteins were detected using immunofluorescence on isolated cardiomyocytes, ELISA on tissue homogenates, and immunostaining of cardiac tissue, whereas their mRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR. Both TRPM6 and TRPM7 were present in all chamber walls, with TRPM7 being more abundant. TRPM6 was co-expressed with TRPM7. The expression levels were dependent on cell incubation conditions (presence or absence of divalent cations, pH of the extracellular milieu, presence of TRP channel inhibitors 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate and carvacrol). These drugs reduced TRPM7 immunofluorescence but increased that of TRPM6. TRPM6 and TRPM7 expression was increased in tissues from IHD patients. This is the first demonstration of the presence and co-expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in cardiomyocytes from all chamber walls of the human heart. The increased TRPM6 and TRPM7 expression in IHD suggests that the chanzymes are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Andriulė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Pangonytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantė Almanaitytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Patamsytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Kuprytė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Karčiauskas
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kanigula Mubagwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, DR, Congo
| | - Regina Mačianskienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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16
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Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insight on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1725-1742. [PMID: 33956297 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain damage, which involves primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Primary injury causes local brain damage, while secondary damage begins with inflammatory activity followed by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI alters molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. Besides tissue damage such as axonal damage, contusions, and hemorrhage, TBI in general interrupts brain physiology including cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capability. Regardless of the deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms still need to be assessed with a desired therapeutic agent to control the consequences of TBI. The current review gives a brief outline of the pathophysiological mechanism of TBI and various biochemical pathways involved in brain injury, pharmacological treatment approaches, and novel targets for therapy.
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17
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Lee K, Jo YY, Chung G, Jung JH, Kim YH, Park CK. Functional Importance of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611773. [PMID: 33748103 PMCID: PMC7969799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are transmembrane protein complexes that play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nerve system (PNS). TRP channels function as non-selective cation channels that are activated by several chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli as well as by pH, osmolarity, and several endogenous or exogenous ligands, second messengers, and signaling molecules. On the pathophysiological side, these channels have been shown to play essential roles in the reproductive system, kidney, pancreas, lung, bone, intestine, as well as in neuropathic pain in both the CNS and PNS. In this context, TRP channels have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy. Herein, we focus on the latest involvement of TRP channels, with a special emphasis on the recently identified functional roles of TRP channels in neurological disorders related to the disruption in calcium ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Lee
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Youn Yi Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Oral Physiology and Program in Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Jung
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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18
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Hwang SM, Lee JY, Park CK, Kim YH. The Role of TRP Channels and PMCA in Brain Disorders: Intracellular Calcium and pH Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:584388. [PMID: 33585474 PMCID: PMC7876282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.584388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders include neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) with different conditions that primarily affect the neurons and glia in the brain. However, the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of NDs have not been fully elucidated. Homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and intracellular pH (pHi) is crucial for cell function. The regulatory processes of these ionic mechanisms may be absent or excessive in pathological conditions, leading to a loss of cell death in distinct regions of ND patients. Herein, we review the potential involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in NDs, where disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis leads to cell death. The capability of TRP channels to restore or excite the cell through Ca2+ regulation depending on the level of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) activity is discussed in detail. As PMCA simultaneously affects intracellular Ca2+ regulation as well as pHi, TRP channels and PMCA thus play vital roles in modulating ionic homeostasis in various cell types or specific regions of the brain where the TRP channels and PMCA are expressed. For this reason, the dysfunction of TRP channels and/or PMCA under pathological conditions disrupts neuronal homeostasis due to abnormal Ca2+ and pH levels in the brain, resulting in various NDs. This review addresses the function of TRP channels and PMCA in controlling intracellular Ca2+ and pH, which may provide novel targets for treating NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center, Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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19
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Armağan HH, Nazıroğlu M. Curcumin Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Neurotoxicity, Apoptosis, Calcium, and Zinc Ion Influxes in a Neuronal Cell Line: Involvement of TRPM2 Channel. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:618-633. [PMID: 33211286 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis/cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) via overload free Ca2+ and Zn2+ uptake into mitochondria are emerging as crucial events in the etiology of hypoxia (HPX)-induced neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective actions of curcumin (CURC) via modulation of oxidative stress and the PARP1-dependent activated TRPM2 cation channel on the ROS generation and cell death in several neurons have been recognized. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CURC's neuroprotection remain elusive. We investigated the role of CURC via modulation of TRPM2 on cell death and oxidative cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into five groups as follows: CURC (10 µM for 24 h), HPX (200 µM CoCl2 for 24 h), CURC + HPX, and HPX + TRPM2 blockers (2-APB-100 µM or ACA-25 µM for 30 min). In some experiments, the cells in the HPX groups were additionally incubated with PARP1 (PJ34) and Zn2+ (TPEN) inhibitors. The exposure of CoCl2 induced increases of TRPM2 current density and Ca2+ fluorescence intensity with an increase of mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ROS generation. When HPX-induced TRPM2 activity was blocked by 2-APB and ACA, or the cells were treated with CURC, the increase of ROS generation, the expression levels of TRPM2 and PARP1 were restored. The levels of apoptosis and cell death in the cells were enriched with increases of caspase-3 and -9 activations, although they were decreased by CURC treatment. HPX-induced increase of cytosolic Zn2+ was attenuated by the TPEN and CURC treatments. In conclusion, CURC attenuates HPX-induced mitochondrial ROS generation, apoptosis, cell death, and TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling and may provide an avenue for treating HPX-induced neurological diseases associated with the ROS, Ca2+, and Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Hakan Armağan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Director of Neuroscience Research Center (NOROBAM), Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analysis and Innovation Ltd. Inc., Teknokent, Isparta, Turkey.
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20
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Duitama M, Vargas-López V, Casas Z, Albarracin SL, Sutachan JJ, Torres YP. TRP Channels Role in Pain Associated With Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:782. [PMID: 32848557 PMCID: PMC7417429 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) are cation channels expressed in both non-excitable and excitable cells from diverse tissues, including heart, lung, and brain. The TRP channel family includes 28 isoforms activated by physical and chemical stimuli, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and noxious stimuli. Recently, it has been shown that TRP channels are also directly or indirectly activated by reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and TRP channels are involved in the progression of those diseases by mechanisms involving changes in the crosstalk between Ca2+ regulation, oxidative stress, and production of inflammatory mediators. TRP channels involved in nociception include members of the TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, and TRPC subfamilies that transduce physical and chemical noxious stimuli. It has also been reported that pain is a complex issue in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and adequate management of pain in those conditions is still in discussion. TRPV1 has a role in neuroinflammation, a critical mechanism involved in neurodegeneration. Therefore, some studies have considered TRPV1 as a target for both pain treatment and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, this review aimed to describe the TRP-dependent mechanism that can mediate pain sensation in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic approach available to palliate pain and neurodegenerative symptoms throughout the regulation of these channels.
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21
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 is expressed in the horizontal pathway of the vervet monkey retina. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12116. [PMID: 32694518 PMCID: PMC7374716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous distribution of the classic endocannabinoid system (cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2) has been demonstrated within the monkey nervous system, including the retina. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a cannabinoid-like non-selective cation channel receptor that is present in the retina and binds to endovannilloids and endocannabinoids, like anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and N-arachidonoyl dopamine. Retinal expression patterns of TRPV1 are available for rodents and data in higher mammals like humans and monkeys are scarce. We therefore thoroughly examined the expression and localization of TRPV1 in the retina, at various eccentricities, of the vervet (Chlorocebus sabeus) monkey, using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1 is found mainly in the outer and inner plexiform layers, and in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer with a higher density in the periphery. Co-immunolabeling of TRPV1 with parvalbumin, a primate horizontal cell marker, revealed a clear overlap of expression throughout the entire cell structure with most prominent staining in the cell body membrane and synaptic terminals. Furthermore, double labeling of TRPV1 and syntaxin was found throughout amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. Finally, double staining of TRPV1 and Brn3a allowed us to confirm its previously reported expression in the cell bodies and dendrites of RGCs. The presence of TRPV1 in the horizontal pathway suggests a function of this receptor in lateral inhibition between photoreceptors through the horizontal cells, and between bipolar cells through amacrine cells.
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22
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Emmons-Bell M, Durant F, Tung A, Pietak A, Miller K, Kane A, Martyniuk CJ, Davidian D, Morokuma J, Levin M. Regenerative Adaptation to Electrochemical Perturbation in Planaria: A Molecular Analysis of Physiological Plasticity. iScience 2019; 22:147-165. [PMID: 31765995 PMCID: PMC6881696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical homeostasis results from dynamic interactions between gene expression, physiology, and the external environment. Owing to its complexity, this cellular and organism-level phenotypic plasticity is still poorly understood. We establish planarian regeneration as a model for acquired tolerance to environments that alter endogenous physiology. Exposure to barium chloride (BaCl2) results in a rapid degeneration of anterior tissue in Dugesia japonica. Remarkably, continued exposure to fresh solution of BaCl2 results in regeneration of heads that are insensitive to BaCl2. RNA-seq revealed transcriptional changes in BaCl2-adapted heads that suggests a model of adaptation to excitotoxicity. Loss-of-function experiments confirmed several predictions: blockage of chloride and calcium channels allowed heads to survive initial BaCl2 exposure, inducing adaptation without prior exposure, whereas blockade of TRPM channels reversed adaptation. Such highly adaptive plasticity may represent an attractive target for biomedical strategies in a wide range of applications beyond its immediate relevance to excitotoxicity preconditioning. Exposure to BaCl2 causes the heads of Dugesia japonica to degenerate Prolonged exposure to BaCl2 results in regeneration of a BaCl2-insensitive head Ion channel expression is altered in the head to compensate for excitotoxic stress TRPMa is upregulated in BaCl2-treated animals; blocking TRPM prevents adaptation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Emmons-Bell
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Fallon Durant
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Angela Tung
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Alexis Pietak
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kelsie Miller
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Devon Davidian
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Junji Morokuma
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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23
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Li F, Wong R, Luo Z, Du L, Turlova E, Britto LRG, Feng ZP, Sun HS. Neuroprotective Effects of AG490 in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8109-8123. [PMID: 31190145 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In infants and children, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury represents a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity. The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a non-selective cation channel that conducts calcium, can mediate neuronal death following HI brain injury. An important endogenous activator of TRPM2 is H2O2, which has previously been reported to be upregulated in the neonatal brain after hypoxic ischemic injury. Here, incorporating both in vitro (H2O2-induced neuronal cell death model) and in vivo (mouse HI brain injury model) approaches, we examined the effects of AG490, which can inhibit the H2O2-induced TRPM2 channel. We found that AG490 elicited neuroprotective effects. We confirmed that AG490 reduced H2O2-induced TRPM2 currents. Specifically, application of AG490 to neurons ameliorated H2O2-induced cell injury in vitro. In addition, AG490 administration reduced brain damage and improved neurobehavioral performance following HI brain injury in vivo. The neuroprotective benefits of AG490 suggest that pharmacological inhibition of H2O2-activated TRPM2 currents can be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HI-induced neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raymond Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhengwei Luo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lida Du
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Turlova
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Luiz R G Britto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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24
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Hossain MZ, Bakri MM, Yahya F, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J. The Role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Transduction of Dental Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030526. [PMID: 30691193 PMCID: PMC6387147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pain is a common health problem that negatively impacts the activities of daily living. Dentine hypersensitivity and pulpitis-associated pain are among the most common types of dental pain. Patients with these conditions feel pain upon exposure of the affected tooth to various external stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dental pain, especially the transduction of external stimuli to electrical signals in the nerve, remain unclear. Numerous ion channels and receptors localized in the dental primary afferent neurons (DPAs) and odontoblasts have been implicated in the transduction of dental pain, and functional expression of various polymodal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has been detected in DPAs and odontoblasts. External stimuli-induced dentinal tubular fluid movement can activate TRP channels on DPAs and odontoblasts. The odontoblasts can in turn activate the DPAs by paracrine signaling through ATP and glutamate release. In pulpitis, inflammatory mediators may sensitize the DPAs. They could also induce post-translational modifications of TRP channels, increase trafficking of these channels to nerve terminals, and increase the sensitivity of these channels to stimuli. Additionally, in caries-induced pulpitis, bacterial products can directly activate TRP channels on DPAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the TRP channels expressed in the various tooth structures, and we discuss their involvement in the development of dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Farhana Yahya
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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25
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Eraslan E, Tanyeli A, Polat E, Polat E. 8-Br-cADPR, a TRPM2 ion channel antagonist, inhibits renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4572-4581. [PMID: 30191993 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel belongs to the transient receptor potential channel superfamily and is a cation channel permeable to Na+ and Ca 2+ . The TRPM2 ion channel is expressed in the kidney and can be activated by various molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, calcium, and cyclic adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (cADPR) that are produced during acute kidney injury. In this study, we investigated the role of 8-bromo-cyclic ADP-ribose (8-Br-cADPR; a cADPR antagonist) in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury using biochemical and histopathological parameters. CD38, cADPR, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and myeloperoxidase (inflammatory markers), urea and creatinine, hydrogen peroxide (oxidant), and catalase (antioxidant enzyme) levels that increase with ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased in the groups treated with 8-Br-cADPR. In addition, renin levels were elevated in the groups treated with 8-Br-cADPR. Histopathological examination revealed that 8-Br-cADPR reduced renal damage and the expression of caspase-3 and TRPM2. Our results suggest that the inhibition of TRPM2 ion channel may be a new treatment modality for ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersen Eraslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bozok, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Tanyeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namık Kemal, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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26
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Sita G, Hrelia P, Graziosi A, Ravegnini G, Morroni F. TRPM2 in the Brain: Role in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070082. [PMID: 30037128 PMCID: PMC6070997 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins have been implicated in several cell functions as non-selective cation channels, with about 30 different mammalian TRP channels having been recognized. Among them, TRP-melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is particularly involved in the response to oxidative stress and inflammation, while its activity depends on the presence of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). TRPM2 is involved in several physiological and pathological processes in the brain through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to provide a brief summary of the current insights of TRPM2 role in health and disease to focalize our attention on future potential neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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27
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mRNA expression of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels 2 and 7 in perinatal brain development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 69:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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28
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Liu A, Wu J, Yang C, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Wang H, Yuan L, Song L, Zhu T, Fan Y, Yang B. TRPM7 in CHBP-induced renoprotection upon ischemia reperfusion-related injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5510. [PMID: 29615639 PMCID: PMC5882857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a membrane ion channel and kinase. TRPM7 was abundantly expressed in the kidney, and up-regulated by ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Our previous studies showed that cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) improved renal IR-related injury, but its underlying mechanism is not well defined. IR-related injury was established in renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1 and HK-2) via 12 to 24-h hypoxia (H) followed by 2-24 h reoxygenation (R), and in mouse kidneys subjected to 30-min ischemia and 12-h to 7-day reperfusion. TRPM7-like current in TCMK-1 cells, TRPM7 mRNA and protein in the in vitro and in vivo models were increased, but reversed by CHBP. TRPM7 was also positively associated with LDH, HMGB1, caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2, inflammation, apoptosis, tubulointerstitial damage and renal function respectively. Furthermore, silencing TRPM7 improved injury parameters, renal histology and function in the both models. Specific TRPM7 agonist, bradykinin, exaggerated HR induced injury in TCMK-1 cells, and partially blocked the renoprotection of CHBP as well. In conclusion, TRPM7 is involved not only in IR-related injury, but also CHBP-induced renoprotection, which are through its ion channel and subsequent affects inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, TRPM7 could be a potential biomarker for IR-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Liu
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Fengbo Zhao
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Lirui Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yaping Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Renal Group, Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China. .,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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29
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Mechanism of Neuroprotection Against Experimental Spinal Cord Injury by Riluzole or Methylprednisolone. Neurochem Res 2017; 44:200-213. [PMID: 29290040 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Any spinal cord injury carries the potential for persistent disability affecting motor, sensory and autonomic functions. To prevent this outcome, it is highly desirable to block a chain of deleterious reactions developing in the spinal areas immediately around the primary lesion. Thus, early timing of pharmacological neuroprotection should be one major strategy whose impact may be first studied with preclinical models. Using a simple in vitro model of the rat spinal cord it is possible to mimic pathological processes like excitotoxicity that damages neurons because of excessive glutamate receptor activation due to injury, or hypoxic/dysmetabolic insult that preferentially affects glia following vascular dysfunction. While ongoing research is exploring the various components of pathways leading to cell death, current treatment principally relies on the off-label use of riluzole (RLZ) or methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). The mechanism of action of these drugs is diverse as RLZ targets mainly neurons and MPSS targets glia. Even when applied after a transient excitotoxic stimulus, RLZ can provide effective prevention of secondary excitotoxic damage to premotoneurons, although not to motoneurons that remain very vulnerable. This observation indicates persistent inability to express locomotor activity despite pharmacological treatment conferring some histological protection. MPSS can protect glia from dysmetabolic insult, yet it remains poorly effective to prevent neuronal death. In summary, it appears that these pharmacological agents can produce delayed protection for certain cell types only, and that their combined administration does not provide additional benefit. The search should continue for better, mechanism-based neuroprotective agents.
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30
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Rodrigues FTS, de Sousa CNS, Ximenes NC, Almeida AB, Cabral LM, Patrocínio CFV, Silva AH, Leal LKAM, Honório Júnior JER, Macedo D, Vasconcelos SMM. Effects of standard ethanolic extract from Erythrina velutina in acute cerebral ischemia in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1230-1239. [PMID: 29174035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify a possible neuroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina velutina (EEEV). Male Swiss mice were submitted to transient cerebral ischemia by occlusion of both carotid arteries for 30 min and treated for 5 days with EEEV (200 or 400 mg/kg) or Memantine (MEM) 10 mg/kg, with initiation of treatment 2 or 24 h after Ischemia. On the 6th day after the induction of ischemia, the animals were submitted to evaluation of locomotor activity and memory and then sacrificed. The brains were dissected for the removal of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST) for determination of amino acid concentrations. In the step down and Y-maze tests, ischemia caused damage to the animals and treatment with EEEV or MEM reversed this effect. The animals submitted to ischemia also showed memory deficit in the object recognition test, an effect that was reverted by EEEV400 and MEM10. Amino acid dosage showed an increase in excitatory amino acid concentrations in the PFC of the ischemic animals and this effect was reversed by the treatment with EEEV400/24H. Regarding the inhibitory amino acids, ischemia caused an increase of taurine in the PFC while treatment with MEM10/24H or EEEV400/24H reversed this effect. In HC, an increase in excitatory amino acids was also observed in ischemiated animals having treatment with EEEV200/2H or EEEV400/24H reversed this effect. Similar effect was also observed in the same area in relation to the inhibitory amino acids with treatment with MEM10/24H or EEEV400/24H. In the ST, ischemia was also able to cause an increase in excitatory amino acids that was reversed more efficiently by the treatments with MEM10/24H and EEEV200. Also in this area, an increase of taurine and GABA was observed and only the treatment with EEEV200/2H showed a reversion of this effect. In view of these findings, EEEV presents a neuroprotective effect possibly due to its action on amino acid concentrations, and is therefore a potential therapeutic tool in reducing the damage caused by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Taciana Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil; University Centre Christus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Moraes Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Danielle Macedo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil
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31
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Cherian I, Beltran M, Landi A, Alafaci C, Torregrossa F, Grasso G. Introducing the concept of “CSF-shift edema” in traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:744-752. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iype Cherian
- Department of Neurosurgery; College of Medical Sciences; Bharatpur Nepal
| | - Margarita Beltran
- Servicio de Radiología; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet; Zaragoza España
| | - Alessandro Landi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Division of Neurosurgery; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Italy
| | - Concetta Alafaci
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Fabio Torregrossa
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Experimental Biomedicine & Clinical Neurosciences; University of Palermo; Italy
| | - Giovanni Grasso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Experimental Biomedicine & Clinical Neurosciences; University of Palermo; Italy
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32
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Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Brain injury following stroke results from a complex series of pathophysiological events including excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, there is a mechanistic link between brain ischemia, innate and adaptive immune cells, intracranial atherosclerosis, and also the gut microbiota in modifying the cerebral responses to ischemic insult. There are very few treatments for stroke injuries, partly owing to an incomplete understanding of the diverse cellular and molecular changes that occur following ischemic stroke and that are responsible for neuronal death. Experimental discoveries have begun to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in stroke injury, leading to the development of numerous agents that target various injury pathways. In the present article, we review the underlying pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and reveal the intertwined pathways that are promising therapeutic targets.
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33
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Chen J, Li Z, Hatcher JT, Chen QH, Chen L, Wurster RD, Chan SL, Cheng Z. Deletion of TRPC6 Attenuates NMDA Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Entry and Ca 2+-Induced Neurotoxicity Following Cerebral Ischemia and Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:138. [PMID: 28400714 PMCID: PMC5368256 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels are permeable to Na+ and Ca2+ and are widely expressed in the brain. In this study, the role of TRPC6 was investigated following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that TRPC6 expression was increased in wild-type (WT) mice cortical neurons following I/R and in primary neurons with OGD, and that deletion of TRPC6 reduced the I/R-induced brain infarct in mice and the OGD- /neurotoxin-induced neuronal death. Using live-cell imaging to examine intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), we found that OGD induced a significant higher increase in glutamate-evoked Ca2+ influx compared to untreated control and such an increase was reduced by TRPC6 deletion. Enhancement of TRPC6 expression using AdCMV-TRPC6-GFP infection in WT neurons increased [Ca2+]i in response to glutamate application compared to AdCMV-GFP control. Inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) with MK801 decreased TRPC6-dependent increase of [Ca2+]i in TRPC6 infected cells, indicating that such a Ca2+ influx was NMDAR dependent. Furthermore, TRPC6-dependent Ca2+ influx was blunted by blockade of Na+ entry in TRPC6 infected cells. Finally, OGD-enhanced Ca2+ influx was reduced, but not completely blocked, in the presence of voltage-dependent Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) and dl-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) blocker CNQX. Altogether, we concluded that I/R-induced brain damage was, in part, due to upregulation of TRPC6 in cortical neurons. We postulate that overexpression of TRPC6 following I/R may induce neuronal death partially through TRPC6-dependent Na+ entry which activated NMDAR, thus leading to a damaging Ca2+ overload. These findings may provide a potential target for future intervention in stroke-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Li
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery T Hatcher
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Central Hospital of Tianjin Tianjin, China
| | - Robert D Wurster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sic L Chan
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zixi Cheng
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, USA; Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, USA
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34
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Yoon MN, Kim DK, Kim SH, Park HS. Hydrogen peroxide attenuates refilling of intracellular calcium store in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:233-239. [PMID: 28280417 PMCID: PMC5343057 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) oscillation is an initial event in digestive enzyme secretion of pancreatic acinar cells. Reactive oxygen species are known to be associated with a variety of oxidative stress-induced cellular disorders including pancreatitis. In this study, we investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Perfusion of H2O2 at 300 µM resulted in additional elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels and termination of oscillatory Ca2+ signals induced by carbamylcholine (CCh) in the presence of normal extracellular Ca2+. Antioxidants, catalase or DTT, completely prevented H2O2-induced additional Ca2+ increase and termination of Ca2+ oscillation. In Ca2+-free medium, H2O2 still enhanced CCh-induced intracellular Ca2+ levels and thapsigargin (TG) mimicked H2O2-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase. Furthermore, H2O2-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels was abolished under sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase-inactivated condition by TG pretreatment with CCh. H2O2 at 300 µM failed to affect store-operated Ca2+ entry or Ca2+ extrusion through plasma membrane. Additionally, ruthenium red, a mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter blocker, failed to attenuate H2O2-induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation. These results provide evidence that excessive generation of H2O2 in pathological conditions could accumulate intracellular Ca2+ by attenuating refilling of internal Ca2+ stores rather than by inhibiting Ca2+ extrusion to extracellular fluid or enhancing Ca2+ mobilization from extracellular medium in mouse pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Hyung Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea.; Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
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Bollimuntha S, Pani B, Singh BB. Neurological and Motor Disorders: Neuronal Store-Operated Ca 2+ Signaling: An Overview and Its Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:535-556. [PMID: 28900932 PMCID: PMC5821072 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that performs significant physiological task such as neurosecretion, exocytosis, neuronal growth/differentiation, and the development and/or maintenance of neural circuits. An important regulatory aspect of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis is store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) which, in recent years, has gained much attention for influencing a variety of nerve cell responses. Essentially, activation of SOCE ensues following the activation of the plasma membrane (PM) store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCC) triggered by the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. In addition to the TRPC (transient receptor potential canonical) and the Orai family of ion channels, STIM (stromal interacting molecule) proteins have been baptized as key molecular regulators of SOCE. Functional significance of the TRPC channels in neurons has been elaborately studied; however, information on Orai and STIM components of SOCE, although seems imminent, is currently limited. Importantly, perturbations in SOCE have been implicated in a spectrum of neuropathological conditions. Hence, understanding the precise involvement of SOCC in neurodegeneration would presumably unveil avenues for plausible therapeutic interventions. We thus review the role of SOCE-regulated neuronal Ca2+ signaling in selecting neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Bollimuntha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
| | - Biswaranjan Pani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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Sappington RM, Sidorova T, Ward NJ, Chakravarthy R, Ho KW, Calkins DJ. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) influences how retinal ganglion cell neurons respond to pressure-related stress. Channels (Austin) 2016; 9:102-13. [PMID: 25713995 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2015.1009272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies implicate the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel as a mediator of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function and survival. With elevated pressure in the eye, TRPV1 increases in RGCs, supporting enhanced excitability, while Trpv1 -/- accelerates RGC degeneration in mice. Here we find TRPV1 localized in monkey and human RGCs, similar to rodents. Expression increases in RGCs exposed to acute changes in pressure. In retinal explants, contrary to our animal studies, both Trpv1 -/- and pharmacological antagonism of the channel prevented pressure-induced RGC apoptosis, as did chelation of extracellular Ca(2+). Finally, while TRPV1 and TRPV4 co-localize in some RGC bodies and form a protein complex in the retina, expression of their mRNA is inversely related with increasing ocular pressure. We propose that TRPV1 activation by pressure-related insult in the eye initiates changes in expression that contribute to a Ca(2+)-dependent adaptive response to maintain excitatory signaling in RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Sappington
- a The Vanderbilt Eye Institute and Vanderbilt Brain Institute ; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine ; Nashville , TN USA
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37
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Stoler O, Fleidervish IA. Functional implications of axon initial segment cytoskeletal disruption in stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:75-81. [PMID: 26687934 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon initial segment (AIS) is the proximal part of the axon, which is not covered with a myelin sheath and possesses a distinctive, specialized assembly of voltage-gated ion channels and associated proteins. AIS plays critical roles in synaptic integration and action potential generation in central neurons. Recent evidence shows that stroke causes rapid, irreversible calpain-mediated proteolysis of the AIS cytoskeleton of neurons surrounding the ischemic necrotic core. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this "non-lethal" neuronal damage might provide new therapeutic strategies for improving stroke outcome. Here, we present a brief overview of the structure and function of the AIS. We then discuss possible mechanisms underlying stroke-induced AIS damage, including the roles of calpains and possible sources of Ca(2+) ions, which are necessary for the activation of calpains. Finally, we discuss the potential functional implications of the loss of the AIS cytoskeleton and ion channel clusters for neuronal excitability.
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Miller BA, Cheung JY. TRPM2 protects against tissue damage following oxidative stress and ischaemia-reperfusion. J Physiol 2015; 594:4181-91. [PMID: 26420388 DOI: 10.1113/jp270934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM channels are a subgroup of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily whose members have important roles in cell proliferation and survival. TRPM2, the second subfamily member to be cloned, is expressed in many tissues including brain, heart, vasculature and haematopoietic cells. TRPM2 is activated by oxidative stress and several other extracellular signals including tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and amyloid β-peptide, which increase production of ADP-ribose (ADPR). ADPR binds to the TRPM2 C-terminal NUDT9-H domain, activating the channel. Early studies support the paradigm that TRPM2 activation induces cell death by sustained Ca(2+) influx or by enhancing cytokine production, aggravating inflammation and tissue injury. However, more recent data show that for a number of physiological processes, TRPM2 is protective. TRPM2 protects lungs from endotoxin-induced injury by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by phagocytes. It protects hearts from oxidative damage after ischaemia-reperfusion or hypoxia-reoxygenation by maintaining better mitochondrial bioenergetics and by decreasing ROS. Sustained Ca(2+) entry through TRPM2 is required to maintain cellular bioenergetics and protect against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. TRPM2 also protects neuroblastoma from moderate oxidative stress by decreasing ROS through increased levels of forkhead box transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) and a downstream effector, superoxide dismutase 2. TRPM2 is important for tumour growth and cell survival through modulation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor expression, mitochondrial function and mitophagy. These findings in cardiac ischaemia and in neuroblastoma suggest that TRPM2 has a basic role in sustaining mitochondrial function and in cell survival that applies to a number of physiological systems and pathophysiological processes including ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Miller
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Center of Translational Medicine and Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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Mechanisms of Neuronal Protection against Excitotoxicity, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stroke and Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:964518. [PMID: 26576229 PMCID: PMC4630664 DOI: 10.1155/2015/964518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In stroke and neurodegenerative disease, neuronal excitotoxicity, caused by increased extracellular glutamate levels, is known to result in calcium overload and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial deficits may involve a deficiency in energy supply as well as generation of high levels of oxidants which are key contributors to neuronal cell death through necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. Excessive glutamate receptor stimulation also results in increased nitric oxide generation which can be detrimental to cells as nitric oxide interacts with superoxide to form the toxic molecule peroxynitrite. High level oxidant production elicits neuronal apoptosis through the actions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members resulting in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition to apoptotic responses to severe stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins and high levels of oxidants can elicit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways which may also contribute to induction of apoptosis. Two categories of therapeutics are discussed that impact major pro-death events that include induction of oxidants, calcium overload, and ER stress. The first category of therapeutic agent includes the amino acid taurine which prevents calcium overload and is also capable of preventing ER stress by inhibiting specific ER stress pathways. The second category involves N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) partial antagonists illustrated by S-Methyl-N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO), and memantine. DETC-MeSO is protective through preventing excitotoxicity and calcium overload and by blocking specific ER stress pathways. Another NMDA receptor partial antagonist is memantine which prevents excessive glutamate excitation but also remarkably allows maintenance of physiological neurotransmission. Targeting of these major sites of neuronal damage using pharmacological agents is discussed in terms of potential therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders.
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41
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions have been shown to play an important role in regulating various neuronal functions. In the present review we focus on the emerging role of transient potential melastatin-7 (TRPM7) channel in not only regulating Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis necessary for biological functions, but also how alterations in TRPM7 function/expression could induce neurodegeneration. Although eight TRPM channels have been identified, the channel properties, mode of activation, and physiological responses of various TRPM channels are quite distinct. Among the known 8 TRPM channels only TRPM6 and TRPM7 channels are highly permeable to both Ca2+ and Mg2+; however here we will only focus on TRPM7 as unlike TRPM6, TRPM7 channels are abundantly expressed in neuronal cells. Importantly, the discrepancy in TRPM7 channel function and expression leads to various neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Further, it is emerging as a key factor in anoxic neuronal death and in other neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, by understanding the precise involvement of the TRPM7 channels in different neurodegenerative diseases and by understanding the factors that regulate TRPM7 channels, we could uncover new strategies in the future that could evolve as new drug therapeutic targets for effective treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
| | - Anne Schaar
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- a Department of Basic Science ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota ; Grand Forks , ND USA
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42
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Short-term increases in transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 mediate stress-induced enhancement of neuronal excitation. J Neurosci 2015; 34:15369-81. [PMID: 25392504 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3424-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of neurodegeneration in disease and injury is influenced by the response of individual neurons to stressful stimuli and whether this response includes mechanisms to counter declining function. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels transduce a variety of disease-relevant stimuli and can mediate diverse stress-dependent changes in physiology, both presynaptic and postsynaptic. Recently, we demonstrated that knock-out or pharmacological inhibition of the TRP vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) capsaicin-sensitive subunit accelerates degeneration of retinal ganglion cell neurons and their axons with elevated ocular pressure, the critical stressor in the most common optic neuropathy, glaucoma. Here we probed the mechanism of the influence of TRPV1 on ganglion cell survival in mouse models of glaucoma. We found that induced elevations of ocular pressure increased TRPV1 in ganglion cells and its colocalization at excitatory synapses to their dendrites, whereas chronic elevation progressively increased ganglion cell Trpv1 mRNA. Enhanced TRPV1 expression in ganglion cells was transient and supported a reversal of the effect of TRPV1 on ganglion cells from hyperpolarizing to depolarizing, which was also transient. Short-term enhancement of TRPV1-mediated activity led to a delayed increase in axonal spontaneous excitation that was absent in ganglion cells from Trpv1(-/-) retina. In isolated ganglion cells, pharmacologically activated TRPV1 mobilized to discrete nodes along ganglion cell dendrites that corresponded to sites of elevated Ca(2+). These results suggest that TRPV1 may promote retinal ganglion cell survival through transient enhancement of local excitation and axonal activity in response to ocular stress.
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43
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Role of transient receptor potential channels in intestinal inflammation and visceral pain: novel targets in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:419-27. [PMID: 25437822 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large group of ion channels that are prevalent in mammalian tissues. They are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in nonneuronal cells, where they are implicated in sensing temperature, noxious substances, and pain. TRPs play an important role in immune response and nociception and, therefore, may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, whose major symptoms include chronic inflammatory state and abdominal pain. In this review, we summarize what is known on TRP channels in inflammatory bowel disease and visceral pain; we focus in particular on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, and TRPM. We also analyze scientific reports that evidence potential use of TRP regulators in future inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
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44
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Trotman M, Vermehren P, Gibson CL, Fern R. The dichotomy of memantine treatment for ischemic stroke: dose-dependent protective and detrimental effects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:230-9. [PMID: 25407270 PMCID: PMC4426739 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is a major contributor to cell death during the acute phase of ischemic stroke but aggressive pharmacological targeting of excitotoxicity has failed clinically. Here we investigated whether pretreatment with low doses of memantine, within the range currently used and well tolerated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, produce a protective effect in stroke. A coculture preparation exposed to modeled ischemia showed cell death associated with rapid glutamate rises and cytotoxic Ca(2+) influx. Cell death was significantly enhanced in the presence of high memantine concentrations. However, low memantine concentrations significantly protected neurons and glia via excitotoxic cascade interruption. Mice were systemically administered a range of memantine doses (0.02, 0.2, 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) starting 24 hours before 60 minutes reversible focal cerebral ischemia and continuing for a 48-hour recovery period. Low dose (0.2 mg/kg/day) memantine treatment significantly reduced lesion volume (by 30% to 50%) and improved behavioral outcomes in stroke lesions that had been separated into either small/striatal or large/striatocortical infarcts. However, higher doses of memantine (20 mg/kg/day) significantly increased injury. These results show that clinically established low doses of memantine should be considered for patients 'at risk' of stroke, while higher doses are contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Trotman
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Philipp Vermehren
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Claire L Gibson
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Fern
- Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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45
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Khanna S, Briggs Z, Rink C. Inducible glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase as a therapeutic target against ischemic stroke. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:175-86. [PMID: 25343301 PMCID: PMC4281871 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate serves multi-faceted (patho)physiological functions in the central nervous system as the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter and under pathological conditions as a potent neurotoxin. Regarding the latter, elevated extracellular glutamate is known to play a central role in ischemic stroke brain injury. RECENT ADVANCES Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) has emerged as a new therapeutic target in protecting against ischemic stroke injury. Oxygen-sensitive induction of GOT expression and activity during ischemic stroke lowers glutamate levels at the stroke site while sustaining adenosine triphosphate levels in brain. The energy demands of the brain are among the highest of all organs underscoring the need to quickly mobilize alternative carbon skeletons for metabolism in the absence of glucose during ischemic stroke. Recent work builds on the important observation of Hans Krebs that GOT-mediated metabolism of glutamate generates tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in brain tissue. Taken together, outcomes suggest GOT may enable the transformative switch of otherwise excitotoxic glutamate into life-sustaining TCA cycle intermediates during ischemic stroke. CRITICAL ISSUES Neuroprotective strategies that focus solely on blocking mechanisms of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity have historically failed in clinical trials. That GOT can enable glutamate to assume the role of a survival factor represents a paradigm shift necessary to develop the overall significance of glutamate in stroke biology. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Ongoing efforts are focused to develop the therapeutic significance of GOT in stroke-affected brain. Small molecules that target induction of GOT expression and activity in the ischemic penumbra are the focus of ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, Ohio
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46
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Yee NS, Kazi AA, Yee RK. Cellular and Developmental Biology of TRPM7 Channel-Kinase: Implicated Roles in Cancer. Cells 2014; 3:751-77. [PMID: 25079291 PMCID: PMC4197629 DOI: 10.3390/cells3030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed cation-permeable ion channel with intrinsic kinase activity that plays important roles in various physiological functions. Biochemical and electrophysiological studies, in combination with molecular analyses of TRPM7, have generated insights into its functions as a cellular sensor and transducer of physicochemical stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that TRPM7 channel-kinase is essential for cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, growth, and migration. Experimental studies in model organisms, such as zebrafish, mouse, and frog, have begun to elucidate the pleiotropic roles of TRPM7 during embryonic development from gastrulation to organogenesis. Aberrant expression and/or activity of the TRPM7 channel-kinase have been implicated in human diseases including a variety of cancer. Studying the functional roles of TRPM7 and the underlying mechanisms in normal cells and developmental processes is expected to help understand how TRPM7 channel-kinase contributes to pathogenesis, such as malignant neoplasia. On the other hand, studies of TRPM7 in diseases, particularly cancer, will help shed new light in the normal functions of TRPM7 under physiological conditions. In this article, we will provide an updated review of the structural features and biological functions of TRPM7, present a summary of current knowledge of its roles in development and cancer, and discuss the potential of TRPM7 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Program of Experimental Therapeutics, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Abid A Kazi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Program of Experimental Therapeutics, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Rosemary K Yee
- Schreyer Honors College, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Harrisburg School of Humanities, Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA.
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Absence of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 accelerates stress-induced axonopathy in the optic projection. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3161-70. [PMID: 24573275 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4089-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How neurons respond to stress in degenerative disease is of fundamental importance for identifying mechanisms of progression and new therapeutic targets. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation-selective ion channels are candidates for mediating stress signals, since different subunits transduce a variety of stimuli relevant in both normal and pathogenic physiology. We addressed this possibility for the TRP vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) subunit by comparing how the optic projection of Trpv1(-/-) mice and age-matched C57 controls responds to stress from elevated ocular pressure, the critical stressor in the most common optic neuropathy, glaucoma. Over a 5 week period of elevated pressure induced by microbead occlusion of ocular fluid, Trpv1(-/-) accelerated both degradation of axonal transport from retinal ganglion cells to the superior colliculus and degeneration of the axons themselves in the optic nerve. Ganglion cell body loss, which is normally later in progression, occurred in nasal sectors of Trpv1(-/-) but not C57 retina. Pharmacological antagonism of TRPV1 in rats similarly accelerated ganglion cell axonopathy. Elevated ocular pressure resulted in differences in spontaneous firing rate and action potential threshold current in Trpv1(-/-) ganglion cells compared with C57. In the absence of elevated pressure, ganglion cells in the two strains had similar firing patterns. Based on these data, we propose that TRPV1 may help neurons respond to disease-relevant stressors by enhancing activity necessary for axonal signaling.
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48
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Modulation of NMDAR subunit expression by TRPM2 channels regulates neuronal vulnerability to ischemic cell death. J Neurosci 2013; 33:17264-77. [PMID: 24174660 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1729-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal vulnerability to ischemia is dependent on the balance between prosurvival and prodeath cellular signaling. In the latter, it is increasingly appreciated that toxic Ca(2+) influx can occur not only via postsynaptic glutamate receptors, but also through other cation conductances. One such conductance, the Transient receptor potential melastatin type-2 (TRPM2) channel, is a nonspecific cation channel having homology to TRPM7, a conductance reported to play a key role in anoxic neuronal death. The role of TRPM2 conductances in ischemic Ca(2+) influx has been difficult to study because of the lack of specific modulators. Here we used TRPM2-null mice (TRPM2(-/-)) to study how TRPM2 may modulate neuronal vulnerability to ischemia. TRPM2(-/-) mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion exhibited smaller infarcts when compared with wild-type animals, suggesting that the absence of TRPM2 is neuroprotective. Surprisingly, field potentials (fEPSPs) recorded during redox modulation in brain slices taken from TRPM2(-/-) mice revealed increased excitability, a phenomenon normally associated with ischemic vulnerability, whereas wild-type fEPSPs were unaffected. The upregulation in fEPSP in TRPM2(-/-) neurons was blocked selectively by a GluN2A antagonist. This increase in excitability of TRPM2(-/-) fEPSPs during redox modulation depended on the upregulation and downregulation of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs, respectively, and on augmented prosurvival signaling via Akt and ERK pathways culminating in the inhibition of the proapoptotic factor GSK3β. Our results suggest that TRPM2 plays a role in downregulating prosurvival signals in central neurons and that TRPM2 channels may comprise a therapeutic target for preventing ischemic damage.
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49
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Moreau C, Kirchberger T, Swarbrick JM, Bartlett SJ, Fliegert R, Yorgan T, Bauche A, Harneit A, Guse AH, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationship of adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose at the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel: rational design of antagonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:10079-102. [PMID: 24304219 PMCID: PMC3873810 DOI: 10.1021/jm401497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Adenosine
5′-diphosphoribose (ADPR) activates TRPM2, a Ca2+, Na+, and K+ permeable cation channel.
Activation is induced by ADPR binding to the cytosolic C-terminal
NudT9-homology domain. To generate the first structure–activity
relationship, systematically modified ADPR analogues were designed,
synthesized, and evaluated as antagonists using patch-clamp experiments
in HEK293 cells overexpressing human TRPM2. Compounds with a purine C8 substituent show antagonist activity, and an 8-phenyl
substitution (8-Ph-ADPR, 5) is very effective. Modification
of the terminal ribose results in a weak antagonist, whereas its removal
abolishes activity. An antagonist based upon a hybrid structure, 8-phenyl-2′-deoxy-ADPR
(86, IC50 = 3 μM), is more potent than
8-Ph-ADPR (5). Initial bioisosteric replacement of the
pyrophosphate linkage abolishes activity, but replacement of the pyrophosphate
and the terminal ribose by a sulfamate-based group leads to a weak
antagonist, a lead to more drug-like analogues. 8-Ph-ADPR (5) inhibits Ca2+ signalling and chemotaxis in human neutrophils,
illustrating the potential for pharmacological intervention at TRPM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Moreau
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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50
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Hecquet CM, Zhang M, Mittal M, Vogel SM, Di A, Gao X, Bonini MG, Malik AB. Cooperative interaction of trp melastatin channel transient receptor potential (TRPM2) with its splice variant TRPM2 short variant is essential for endothelial cell apoptosis. Circ Res 2013; 114:469-79. [PMID: 24337049 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Oxidants generated by activated endothelial cells are known to induce apoptosis, a pathogenic feature of vascular injury and inflammation from multiple pathogeneses. The melastatin-family transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) channel is an oxidant-sensitive Ca2+ permeable channel implicated in mediating apoptosis; however, the mechanisms of gating of the supranormal Ca2+ influx required for initiating of apoptosis are not understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we addressed the role of TRPM2 and its interaction with the short splice variant TRPM2 short variant (TRPM2-S) in mediating the Ca2+ entry burst required for induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed that TRPM2-S was basally associated with TRPM2 in the endothelial plasmalemma, and this interaction functioned to suppress TRPM2-dependent Ca2+ gating constitutively. Reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells or directly applying reactive oxygen species induced protein kinase C-α activation and phosphorylation of TRPM2 at Ser 39. This in turn stimulated a large entry of Ca2+ and activated the apoptosis pathway. A similar TRPM2-dependent endothelial apoptosis mechanism was seen in intact vessels. The protein kinase C-α-activated phosphoswitch opened the TRPM2 channel to allow large Ca2+ influx by releasing TRPM2-S inhibition of TRPM2, which in turn activated caspase-3 and cleaved the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe a fundamental mechanism by which activation of the trp superfamily TRPM2 channel induces apoptosis of endothelial cells. The signaling mechanism involves reactive oxygen species-induced protein kinase C-α activation resulting in phosphorylation of TRPM2-S that allows enhanced TRPM2-mediated gating of Ca2+ and activation of the apoptosis program. Strategies aimed at preventing the uncoupling of TRPM2-S from TRPM2 and subsequent Ca2+ gating during oxidative stress may mitigate endothelial apoptosis and its consequences in mediating vascular injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie M Hecquet
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology (C.M.H., M.Z., M.M., S.M.V., A.D., X.G., M.G.B., A.B.M.) and Section of Cardiology (M.G.B.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago
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