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An T, Fan Y, Tian X, Wang Q, Wang Z, Fan S, Huang W. Green analytical assay for the viability assessment of single maize seeds using double-threshold strategy for catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. Food Chem 2024; 455:139889. [PMID: 38833865 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of nondestructive technology for the detection of seed viability is challenging. In this study, to establish a green and effective method for the viability assessment of single maize seeds, a two-stage seed viability detection method was proposed. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were selected as the most key biochemical components affecting maize seed viability, and regression prediction models were developed based on their hyperspectral information and a data fusion strategy. Qualitative discrimination models for seed viability evaluation were constructed based on the predicted response values of the selected key biochemical components. The results showed that the double components thresholds strategy achieved the highest discrimination accuracy (92.9%), providing a crucial approach for the rapid and environmentally friendly detection of seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting An
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoyao Fan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zheli Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shuxiang Fan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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2
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Li Q, Zheng X, Chen M. Ecotoxicological effects of tungsten on celery ( Apium graveolens L) and pepper ( Capsicum spp.). PeerJ 2024; 12:e17601. [PMID: 38938608 PMCID: PMC11210458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tungsten (W) is an emerging heavy metal pollutant, yet research remains scarce on the biomonitor and sensitive biomarkers for W contamination. Methods In this study, celery and pepper were chosen as study subjects and subjected to exposure cultivation in solutions with five different levels of W. The physiological and biochemical toxicities of W on these two plants were systematically analyzed. The feasibility of utilizing celery and pepper as biomonitor organisms for W contamination was explored and indicative biomarkers were screened. Results The results indicated that W could inhibit plants' root length, shoot height, and fresh weight while concurrently promoting membrane lipid peroxidation. Additionally, W enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) to counteract oxidative damage. From a physiological perspective, pepper exhibited potential as a biomonitor for W contamination. Biochemical indicators suggested that SOD could serve as a sensitive biomarker for W in celery, while TAOC and POD were more suitable for the roots and leaves of pepper. In conclusion, our study investigated the toxic effects of W on celery and pepper, contributing to the understanding of W's environmental toxicity. Furthermore, it provided insights for selecting biomonitor organisms and sensitive biomarkers for W contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Ganzhou, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Ganzhou, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Ganzhou, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, China
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3
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Preiner J, Steccari I, Oburger E, Wienkoop S. Rhizobium symbiosis improves amino acid and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of tungsten-stressed soybean ( Glycine max). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355136. [PMID: 38628363 PMCID: PMC11020092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The industrially important transition metal tungsten (W) shares certain chemical properties with the essential plant micronutrient molybdenum and inhibits the activity of molybdoenzymes such as nitrate reductase, impacting plant growth. Furthermore, tungsten appears to interfere with metabolic processes on a much wider scale and to trigger common heavy metal stress response mechanisms. We have previously found evidence that the tungsten stress response of soybeans (Glycine max) grown with symbiotically associated N2-fixing rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) differs from that observed in nitrogen-fertilized soy plants. This study aimed to investigate how association with symbiotic rhizobia affects the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of tungsten-stressed soybean and whether changes in metabolite composition enhance the plant's resilience to tungsten. This comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic study presents further evidence that the tungsten-stress response of soybean plants is shaped by associated rhizobia. Symbiotically grown plants (N fix) were able to significantly increase the synthesis of an array of protective compounds such as phenols, polyamines, gluconic acid, and amino acids such as proline. This resulted in a higher antioxidant capacity, reduced root-to-shoot translocation of tungsten, and, potentially, also enhanced resilience of N fix plants compared to non-symbiotic counterparts (N fed). Taken together, our study revealed a symbiosis-specific metabolic readjustment in tungsten-stressed soybean plants and contributed to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the rhizobium-induced systemic resistance in response to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Preiner
- Molecular Systems Biology Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Steccari
- Molecular Systems Biology Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Molecular Systems Biology Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Selim S, AbdElgawad H, Reyad AM, Alowaiesh BF, Hagagy N, Al-Sanea MM, Alsharari SS, Madany MMY. Potential use of a novel actinobacterial species to ameliorate tungsten nanoparticles induced oxidative damage in cereal crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:226-239. [PMID: 34973889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten nanoparticles (WNPs) could induce hazard impact on plant growth and development; however, no study investigated their phytotoxicity. On the other hand, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can effectively reduce WNPs toxicity. To this end, Nocardiopsis sp. was isolated and employed to mitigate the phytotoxic effect of WNPs on three crops (wheat, barley, and oat). Soil contamination with WPNs induced the W accumulation in all tested crops, inhibited both growth and photosynthesis and induced oxidative damage. On the other hand, pre-inoculation with Nocardiopsis sp. significantly reduced W level in treated plants. Concomitantly, Nocardiopsis sp. strikingly mitigated the inhibitory effect of WNPs by augmenting both growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. To cope with heavy metal stress, all the tested species orchestrated their antioxidant homeostasis through enhancing the production of antioxidant metabolites (e.g., phenolics, flavonoids and tocopherols) and elevated the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes (e.g., APX, POX, CAT, as well as the enzymes involved in AsA/GSH cycle). Moreover, pre-inoculation with Nocardiopsis sp. improved the detoxification metabolism by enhancing the accumulation of phytochelatins (PCs), metallothionein (MTC) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in grasses grown in WNPs-contaminated soils. Overall, restrained ROS homeostasis and improved WNPs detoxification systems were the bases underlie the WNPs stress mitigating impact of Nocardiopsis sp treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Reyad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Bassam F Alowaiesh
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam S Alsharari
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Y Madany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Li M, Zhang F, Li S, Wang X, Liu J, Wang B, Ma Y, Song N. Biotic ligand modeling to predict the toxicity of HWO 4- and WO 42- on wheat root elongation in solution cultures: Effects of pH and accompanying anions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112499. [PMID: 34246946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that hexavalent tungsten (W(VI)) can affect the survival of various organisms. This study explored the influences of pH and common anions on W(VI) toxicity on wheat and established a biotic ligand model (BLM) for predicting W(VI) toxicity. It was found that as the pH value increased from 6.0 to 8.5, the EC50[W(VI)]T values increased greatly from 24.7 to 46.6 μM, indicating that increasing pH values can alleviate W(VI) toxicity. A linear relationship between the ratio of HWO4- to WO42- and EC50{WO42-} indicated that WO42- and HWO4- were two toxic species of W(VI). The toxicity of W(VI) decreased as the H2PO4- and SO42- activities increased but not when the activities of Cl- and NO3- increased, demonstrating that the competition from H2PO4- and SO42- significantly influenced W(VI) toxicity. By applying BLM theory, the stability constants for HWO4-, WO42-, H2PO4-, and SO42- were obtained: logKWO4BL = 4.08, logKHWO4BL = 6.44, logKH2PO4BL = 2.09, and logKSO4BL = 1.87, fWBL50% = 0.300, β = 1.99. Results demonstrated that BLM outperformed the free metal activity model(FIAM) in predicting W(VI) toxicity when considering the influences of pH, W(VI) species, and H2PO4- and SO42- competition for active ligand sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Shaojing Li
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Ningning Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
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Abstract
The increasing use of tungsten in the production of green energy in the aerospace and military industries, and in many other hi-tech applications, may increase the content of this element in soil. This overview examines some aspects of the behavior of tungsten in soil, such as the importance of characteristics of soils in relation to bioavailability processes, the chemical approaches to evaluate tungsten mobility in the soil environment and the importance of adsorption and desorption processes. Tungsten behavior depends on soil properties of which the most important is soil pH, which determines the solubility and polymerization of tungstate ions and the characteristics of the adsorbing soil surfaces. During the adsorption and desorption of tungsten, iron, and aluminum oxides, and hydroxides play a key role as they are the most important adsorbing surfaces for tungsten. The behavior of tungsten compounds in the soil determines the transfer of this element in plants and therefore in the food chain. Despite the growing importance of tungsten in everyday life, environmental regulations concerning soil do not take this element into consideration. The purpose of this review is also to provide some basic information that could be useful when considering tungsten in environmental legislation.
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Wojciechowska N, Michalak KM, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Autophagy-an underestimated coordinator of construction and destruction during plant root ontogeny. PLANTA 2021; 254:15. [PMID: 34184131 PMCID: PMC8238727 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Autophagy is a key but undervalued process in root ontogeny, ensuring both the proper development of root tissues as well as the senescence of the entire organ. Autophagy is a process which occurs during plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions as well as during plant ontogeny. Autophagy is also engaged in plant root development, however, the limitations of belowground studies make it challenging to understand the entirety of the developmental processes. We summarize and discuss the current data pertaining to autophagy in the roots of higher plants during their formation and degradation, from the beginning of root tissue differentiation and maturation; all the way to the aging of the entire organ. During root growth, autophagy participates in the processes of central vacuole formation in cortical tissue development, as well as vascular tissue differentiation and root senescence. At present, several key issues are still not entirely understood and remain to be addressed in future studies. The major challenge lies in the portrayal of the mechanisms of autophagy on subcellular events in belowground plant organs during the programmed control of cellular degradation pathways in roots. Given the wide range of technical areas of inquiry where root-related research can be applied, including cutting-edge cell biological methods to track, sort and screen cells from different root tissues and zones of growth, the identification of several lines of evidence pertaining to autophagy during root developmental processes is the most urgent challenge. Consequently, a substantial effort must be made to ensure whether the analyzed process is autophagy-dependent or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kornel M Michalak
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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8
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Boucelha L, Abrous-Belbachir O, Djebbar R. Is protein carbonylation a biomarker of seed priming and ageing? FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:611-623. [PMID: 33617758 DOI: 10.1071/fp21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, it has been known that seed priming allows the improvement of plant production and tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, a negative effect on the longevity of the seeds thus primed was observed; these mechanisms are still poorly understood. In addition, it has been shown by several authors that seed ageing is associated with the oxidation and particularly with carbonylation of protein. Our work consisted in studying the AOPP and carbonyl protein at the different parts of the embryo from freshly primed seeds and from those that have been primed for 4 years (after storage). We subjected Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. seeds to a single or double hydropriming. Our study showed that hydropriming, and more particularly a double cycle of hydration-dehydration, makes it possible to attenuate the oxidation of the protein while it favours a certain threshold of carbonylation in the freshly dehydrated seeds in order to better trigger the germination process. On the other hand, after a storage period of 4 years, these dehydrated seeds are characterised by a strong accumulation of the products of oxidation and especially carbonylated protein, compared with the untreated seeds, which could explain the decrease of the longevity of these seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya Boucelha
- University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar Algiers (Algeria)
| | - Ouzna Abrous-Belbachir
- University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar Algiers (Algeria)
| | - Réda Djebbar
- University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, BP 32 El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar Algiers (Algeria); and Corresponding author.
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9
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Sychta K, Słomka A, Kuta E. Insights into Plant Programmed Cell Death Induced by Heavy Metals-Discovering a Terra Incognita. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010065. [PMID: 33406697 PMCID: PMC7823951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD mechanisms is still very scarce and is incomparable to the large number of studies on PCD mechanisms in animals. Quick and accurate assays, e.g., the TUNEL assay, comet assay, and analysis of caspase-like enzyme activity, enable the differentiation of PCD from necrosis. Two main types of plant PCD, developmental (dPCD) regulated by internal factors, and environmental (ePCD) induced by external stimuli, are distinguished based on the differences in the expression of the conserved PCD-inducing genes. Abiotic stress factors, including heavy metals, induce necrosis or ePCD. Heavy metals induce PCD by triggering oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS that are mainly produced by mitochondria modulate phytotoxicity mechanisms induced by heavy metals. Complex crosstalk between ROS, hormones (ethylene), nitric oxide (NO), and calcium ions evokes PCD, with proteases with caspase-like activity executing PCD in plant cells exposed to heavy metals. This pathway leads to very similar cytological hallmarks of heavy metal induced PCD to PCD induced by other abiotic factors. The forms, hallmarks, mechanisms, and genetic regulation of plant ePCD induced by abiotic stress are reviewed here in detail, with an emphasis on plant cell culture as a suitable model for PCD studies. The similarities and differences between plant and animal PCD are also discussed.
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10
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Mylona Z, Panteris E, Kevrekidis T, Malea P. Silver nanoparticle toxicity effect on the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109925. [PMID: 31855841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Information on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) phytotoxicity on seagrasses is provided for the first time. Toxic effects of environmentally relevant AgNP concentrations on Halophila stipulacea were assessed to identify sensitive biomarkers, to determine threshold effect concentrations and to evaluate potential risks. Potential alterations in the cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, cell ultrastructure and viability, oxidative stress parameters and elongation in H. stipulacea leaves exposed to AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.0002 to 0.2 mg L-1 for 8 days were examined. The first signs of actin filament (AF) response in differentiating cells, exhibiting disorientation and slight bundling, were observed on the 4th day at 0.0002 mg L-1, while at the end of the experiment and at the higher concentrations, AFs were extremely bundled. Endoplasmic reticulum was affected in meristematic and differentiating cells; massive aggregations and loss of the "grainy" structure were observed, initially on the 6th day at 0.002 mg L-1. Effects on microtubules were detected on the last day at 0.2 mg L-1. An increase in H2O2 levels on the 4th and/or 6th day even at 0.0002 mg L-1 was followed by a decrease on, or up to the last day. On the 6th day at the lowest concentration, elevated malondialdehyde content, and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity were detected, indicating oxidative damage and antioxidant defense mechanism activation. Dead epidermal cells mainly occurred at 0.02 and 0.2 mg L-1, while no dead vein cells were detected. A significant inhibition in leaf elongation was observed only at 0.2 mg L-1. Therefore, AF disturbance in differentiating leaf cells, being a susceptible response parameter, could be regarded as an early warning indicator of risk posed by AgNPs to H. stipulacea meadows, while most of the remaining parameters examined also constitute useful biomarkers. The lowest observed effect concentration (0.0002 mg L-1), being within the range of environmentally relevant AgNPs concentrations, suggests the possibility of negative impacts of AgNPs on seagrass health. A risk quotient of 1.33 was calculated, indicating that AgNPs may pose a significant potential risk to the coastal environment. The data presented highlight the importance of future research to further investigate the seagrass-AgNP interactions, stress the need for a refinement of the environmental risk assessment of AgNPs and could be utilized for the design of biomonitoring programs for rational management of the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Mylona
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Environmental Research and Education, Democritus University of Thrace, Nea Hili, GR-68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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11
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Dawood MFA, Azooz MM. Concentration-dependent effects of tungstate on germination, growth, lignification-related enzymes, antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36441-36457. [PMID: 31728946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phyto-impact of tungstate is not frequently studied like other heavy metals especially in the sight of continuous accumulation of tungstate in the agriculture soils and water. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the supplementation of various tungstate concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100) to germination water (mg L-1) or clay soil (mg kg-1) on germination and metabolism of broccoli. Lower concentrations (1-10 mg L-1) accelerated germination process and reciprocally were recorded at the highest one (100 mg L-1). The promoter effect of lower concentrations on seedlings growing on tungstate contaminated soil was underpinned from enhancement of pigments, metabolites, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and nitrate reductase. However, the highest concentration-noxious impacts perceived from oxidative damage and membrane integrity deregulation accompanied with no gain from increment of proline, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The depletion of phytochelatins and nitric oxide jointed with the enhancement of peroxidases, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase at higher concentration reinforced lignin production which restricted plant growth. The results supported the hormetic effects of tungstate (beneficial at low concentrations and noxious at high concentration) on morphological and physiological parameters of broccoli seedlings. The stimulatory effect of tungstate on metabolic activities could serve as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against tungstate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F A Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Azooz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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12
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Goto F, Enomoto Y, Shoji K, Shimada H, Yoshihara T. Copper treatment of peach leaves causes lesion formation similar to the biotic stress response. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:135-142. [PMID: 31768115 PMCID: PMC6854336 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.0531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) leaves are sensitive to copper (Cu) exposure. The symptoms of Cu exposure are similar to those of bacterial spot disease; however, the mechanism underlying lesion formation caused by Cu exposure is not clear. Here, we investigated whether lesion formation caused by Cu exposure was related to the mechanism underlying plant resistance to microbial pathogens. When Cu was applied to the centre of a pinhole on peach leaves, a two-step process was observed. A pale green section in the shape of a doughnut, located far from a Cu treatment point, first appeared on a leaf treated with 2 mM CuSO4. Next, a yellow-white section gradually spread from the Cu treatment point to the pale green section. Finally, a gap was formed in the middle of the pale green section. The inner part of the pale green section contained 96% of the Cu applied, indicating that Cu is retained in the lesion area. Real-time PCR analysis of the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and enzymes involved in phytoalexin synthesis revealed that three genes (encoding chitinase, pathogenesis-related protein 4, and β-1,3-glucanase-3) of the eight tested were upregulated by Cu treatment. Furthermore, treatment with caspase-1 inhibitors reduced lesion formation. These results show that Cu treatment of peach leaves causes cell death similar to that occurring during the biotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Goto
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Enomoto
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shoji
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijyuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yoshihara
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko-shi, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
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13
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Influence of Increasing Tungsten Concentrations and Soil Characteristics on Plant Uptake: Greenhouse Experiments with Zea mays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9193998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten is largely used in high-tech and military industries. Soils are increasingly enriched in this element, and its transfer in the food chain is an issue of great interest. This study evaluated the influence of soil characteristics on tungsten uptake by Zea mays grown on three soils, spiked with increasing tungsten concentrations. The soils, classified as Histosol, Vertisol, and Fluvisol, are characteristic of the Mediterranean area. The uptake of the element by Zea mays was strictly dependent on the soil characteristics. As the pH of soils increases, tungsten concentrations in the roots and shoots of the plants increased. Also, humic substances showed a great influence on tungsten uptake, which decreased with increasing organic matter of soils. Tungsten uptake by Zea mays can be described by a Freundlich-like equation. This soil-to-plant transfer model may be useful in promoting environmental regulations on the hazards of this element in the environment.
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14
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Adamakis IDS, Eleftheriou EP. Structural Evidence of Programmed Cell Death Induction by Tungsten in Root Tip Cells of Pisum sativum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E62. [PMID: 30862127 PMCID: PMC6473820 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that excess tungsten (W), a rare heavy metal, is toxic to plant cells and may induce a kind of programmed cell death (PCD). In the present study we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the subcellular malformations caused by W, supplied as 200 mg/L sodium tungstate (Na₂WO₄) for 12 or 24 h, in root tip cells of Pisum sativum (pea), The objective was to provide additional evidence in support of the notion of PCD induction and the presumed involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is shown ultrastructurally that W inhibited seedling growth, deranged root tip morphology, induced the collapse and deformation of vacuoles, degraded Golgi bodies, increased the incidence of multivesicular and multilamellar bodies, and caused the detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell walls. Plastids and mitochondria were also affected. By TEM, the endoplasmic reticulum appeared in aggregations of straight, curved or concentric cisternae, frequently enclosing cytoplasmic organelles, while by CLSM it appeared in bright ring-like aggregations and was severely disrupted in mitotic cells. However, no evidence of ROS increase was obtained. Overall, these findings support the view of a W-induced vacuolar destructive PCD without ROS enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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15
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Ribeiro MJ, Maria VL, Soares AMVM, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Fate and Effect of Nano Tungsten Carbide Cobalt (WCCo) in the Soil Environment: Observing a Nanoparticle Specific Toxicity in Enchytraeus crypticus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11394-11401. [PMID: 30193070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten carbide cobalt (WCCo) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in hard metal industries. Pulmonary diseases and risk of cancer are associated with occupational exposure, but knowledge about the environmental fate and effects is virtually absent. In this study, the fate and effects of crystalline WCCo NPs, WC, and Co2+ were assessed in the soil model Enchytraeus crypticus, following the standard Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ERT). An additional 28 day exposure period compared to the ERT (i.e., a total of 56 days) was performed to assess longer-term effects. WCCo NPs affected reproduction at a concentration higher than the corresponding Co based (EC50 = 1500 mg WCCo/kg, equivalent to 128 mg Co/kg). WC showed no negative effect up to 1000 mg W/kg. Maximum uptake of Co was 10-fold higher for CoCl2 compared to WCCo exposed organisms. Overall toxicity seems to be due to a combined effect between WC and Co. This is supported by the soil bioavailable fraction and biological tissue measurements. Last, results highlight the need to consider longer exposure period of NPs for comparable methods standardized for conventional chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ribeiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology and CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Vejlsovej 25 , PO BOX 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg , Denmark
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology and CESAM , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
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16
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Schneider HM, Wojciechowski T, Postma JA, Brown KM, Lynch JP. Ethylene modulates root cortical senescence in barley. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:95-105. [PMID: 29897390 PMCID: PMC6025243 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Root cortical senescence (RCS) is a poorly understood phenomenon with implications for adaptation to edaphic stress. It was hypothesized that RCS in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is (1) accelerated by exogenous ethylene exposure; (2) accompanied by differential expression of ethylene synthesis and signalling genes; and (3) associated with differential expression of programmed cell death (PCD) genes. Methods Gene expression of root segments from four barley genotypes with and without RCS was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The progression of RCS was manipulated with root zone ethylene and ethylene inhibitor applications. Key Results The results demonstrate that ethylene modulates RCS. Four genes related to ethylene synthesis and signalling were upregulated during RCS in optimal, low nitrogen and low phosphorus nutrient regimes. RCS was accelerated by root zone ethylene treatment, and this effect was reversed by an ethylene action inhibitor. Roots treated with exogenous ethylene had 35 and 46 % more cortical senescence compared with the control aeration treatment in seminal and nodal roots, respectively. RCS was correlated with expression of two genes related to programmed cell death (PCD). Conclusions The development of RCS is similar to root cortical aerenchyma formation with respect to ethylene modulation of the PCD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Schneider
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften Pflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2), Jülich, Germany
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tobias Wojciechowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften Pflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2), Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften Pflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2), Jülich, Germany
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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17
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Demidchik V, Tyutereva EV, Voitsekhovskaja OV. The role of ion disequilibrium in induction of root cell death and autophagy by environmental stresses. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:28-46. [PMID: 32291019 DOI: 10.1071/fp16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, oxidants, heavy metals, hypoxia, extreme temperatures and others can induce autophagy and necrosis-type programmed cell death (PCD) in plant roots. These reactions are accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ion disequilibrium, which is induced by electrolyte/K+ leakage through ROS-activated ion channels, such as the outwardly-rectifying K+ channel GORK and non-selective cation channels. Here, we discuss mechanisms of the stress-induced ion disequilibrium and relate it with ROS generation and onset of morphological, biochemical and genetic symptoms of autophagy and PCD in roots. Based on our own data and that in the literature, we propose a hypothesis on the induction of autophagy and PCD in roots by loss of cytosolic K+. To support this, we present data showing that in conditions of salt stress-induced autophagy, gork1-1 plants lacking root K+ efflux channel have fewer autophagosomes compared with the wild type. Overall, literature analyses and presented data strongly suggest that stress-induced root autophagy and PCD are controlled by the level of cytosolic potassium and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Demidchik
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Tyutereva
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, 197376St Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Lamm CE, Kraner ME, Hofmann J, Börnke F, Mock HP, Sonnewald U. Hop/Sti1 - A Two-Faced Cochaperone Involved in Pattern Recognition Receptor Maturation and Viral Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1754. [PMID: 29075278 PMCID: PMC5641557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perception of pathogens by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or R proteins is a prerequisite to promote successful immune responses. The Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein Hop/Sti1, a multifunctional cochaperone, has been implicated in the maturation of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) necessary for chitin sensing. However, it remains unknown whether Hop/Sti1 is generally participating in PRR genesis. Using RNA-interference (RNAi), we silenced Hop/Sti1 expression in Nicotiana tabacum to gain further insight into the role of the cochaperone in plant defense responses. As expected, transgenic plants do not respond to chitin treatment anymore. In contrast to this, trafficking and functionality of the flagellin PRR FLS2 were unaltered, suggesting a selective involvement of Hop/Sti1 during PRR maturation. Furthermore, Hop/Sti1 was identified as a cellular determinant of Potato virus Y (PVY) symptom development in tobacco, since PVY was able to accumulate to near wild-type level without provoking the usual veinal necrosis phenotype. In addition, typical antiviral host defense responses were suppressed in the transgenic plants. These data suggest that perception of PVY is dependent on Hop/Sti1-mediated receptor maturation, while viral symptoms represent a failing attempt to restrict PVY spread. In addition, Hop/Sti1 colocalized with virus-induced membrane aggregates in wild-type plants. The retention of Hop/Sti1 in potential viral replication complexes suggests a role during viral translation/replication, explaining why RNAi-lines do not exhibit increased susceptibility to PVY. This study provides evidence for a dual role of Hop/Sti1 in PRR maturation and pathogen perception as well as in promoting viral proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Lamm
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max. E. Kraner
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Hasan MK, Cheng Y, Kanwar MK, Chu XY, Ahammed GJ, Qi ZY. Responses of Plant Proteins to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1492. [PMID: 28928754 PMCID: PMC5591867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal(s) by triggering the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in stress response. Toxic metal ions profoundly affect the cellular protein homeostasis by interfering with the folding process and aggregation of nascent or non-native proteins leading to decreased cell viability. However, plants possess a range of ubiquitous cellular surveillance systems that enable them to efficiently detoxify heavy metals toward enhanced tolerance to metal stress. As proteins constitute the major workhorses of living cells, the chelation of metal ions in cytosol with phytochelatins and metallothioneins followed by compartmentalization of metals in the vacuoles as well as the repair of stress-damaged proteins or removal and degradation of proteins that fail to achieve their native conformations are critical for plant tolerance to heavy metal stress. In this review, we provide a broad overview of recent advances in cellular protein research with regards to heavy metal tolerance in plants. We also discuss how plants maintain functional and healthy proteomes for survival under such capricious surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | | | - Xian-Yao Chu
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological SurveyBeijing, China
| | | | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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20
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Cho Y, Kanehara K. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Arabidopsis Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:144. [PMID: 28298914 PMCID: PMC5331042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Roots are the frontier of plant body to perceive underground environmental change. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response represents circumvention of cellular stress caused by various environmental changes; however, a limited number of studies are available on the ER stress responses in roots. Here, we report the tunicamycin (TM) -induced ER stress response in Arabidopsis roots by monitoring expression patterns of immunoglobulin-binding protein 3 (BiP3), a representative marker for the response. Roots promptly responded to the TM-induced ER stress through the induction of similar sets of ER stress-responsive genes. However, not all cells responded uniformly to the TM-induced ER stress in roots, as BiP3 was highly expressed in root tips, an outer layer in elongation zone, and an inner layer in mature zone of roots. We suggest that ER stress response in roots has tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Muroran Institute of TechnologyMuroran, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazue Kanehara,
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21
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Imtiaz M, Mushtaq MA, Rizwan MS, Arif MS, Yousaf B, Ashraf M, Shuanglian X, Rizwan M, Mehmood S, Tu S. Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA damage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes exposed to vanadium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19787-19796. [PMID: 27411539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was done to elucidate the effects of vanadium (V) on photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity in the following chickpea genotypes: C-44 (tolerant) and Balkasar (sensitive). Changes in these parameters were strikingly dependent on levels of V, at 60 and 120 mg V L(-1) induced DNA damage in Balkasar only, while photosynthetic pigments and protein were decreased from 15 to 120 mg V L(-1) and membrane was also damaged. It was shown that photosynthetic pigments and protein production declined from 15 to 120 mg V L(-1) and the membrane was also damaged, while DNA damage was not observed at any level of V stress in C-44. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were increased in both genotypes of chickpea against V stress; however, more activities were observed in C-44 than Balkasar. The results suggest that DNA damage in sensitive genotypes can be triggered due to exposure of higher vanadium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Mushtaq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Xiong Shuanglian
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
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22
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Gaguancela OA, Zúñiga LP, Arias AV, Halterman D, Flores FJ, Johansen IE, Wang A, Yamaji Y, Verchot J. The IRE1/bZIP60 Pathway and Bax Inhibitor 1 Suppress Systemic Accumulation of Potyviruses and Potexviruses in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:750-766. [PMID: 27578623 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-16-0147-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The inositol requiring enzyme (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor. When activated, it splices the bZIP60 mRNA, producing a truncated transcription factor that upregulates genes involved in the unfolded protein response. Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is another ER stress sensor that regulates cell death in response to environmental assaults. The potyvirus 6K2 and potexvirus TGB3 proteins are known to reside in the ER, serving, respectively, as anchors for the viral replicase and movement protein complex. This study used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX) to determine that the IRE1/bZIP60 pathway and BI-1 machinery are induced early in virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum tuberosum. Agrodelivery of only the potyvirus 6K2 or TGB3 genes into plant cells activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosum. Homozygous ire1a-2, ire1b-4, and ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant Arabidopsis plants were inoculated with TuMV-GFP or PlAMV-GFP. PlAMV accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2 or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant plants than in ire1b-4 or wild-type plants. TuMV-GFP accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2, ire1b-4, or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that both isoforms contribute to TuMV-GFP infection. Gene silencing was used to knock down bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in N. benthamiana. PVX-GFP and PVY-GFP accumulation was significantly elevated in these silenced plants compared with control plants. This study demonstrates that two ER stress pathways, namely IRE1/bZIP60 and the BI-1 pathway, limit systemic accumulation of potyvirus and potexvirus infection. Silencing BI-1 expression also resulted in systemic necrosis. These data suggest that ER stress-activated pathways, led by IRE1 and BI-1, respond to invading potyvirus and potexviruses to restrict virus infection and enable physiological changes enabling plants to tolerate virus assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Arias Gaguancela
- 1 Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Lizbeth Peña Zúñiga
- 1 Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Alexis Vela Arias
- 2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Dennis Halterman
- 3 Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture ARS, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Francisco Javier Flores
- 2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Ida Elisabeth Johansen
- 4 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Aiming Wang
- 5 Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, AAFC, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; and
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- 6 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- 1 Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
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23
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Hu Y. Early generation of nitric oxide contributes to copper tolerance through reducing oxidative stress and cell death in hulless barley roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:963-978. [PMID: 27294966 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the specific role of nitric oxide (NO) in the early response of hulless barley roots to copper (Cu) stress. We used the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate to establish NO localization, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-special labeling and histochemical procedures for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root apex. An early production of NO was observed in Cu-treated root tips of hulless barley, but the detection of NO levels was decreased by supplementation with a NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Application of sodium nitroprusside (a NO donor) relieved Cu-induced root inhibition, ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, while c-PTIO treatment had a synergistic effect with Cu and further enhanced ROS levels and oxidative stress. In addition, the Cu-dependent increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were further enhanced by exogenous NO, but application of c-PTIO decreased the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Cu-treated roots. Subsequently, cell death was observed in root tips and was identified as a type of programed cell death (PCD) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The addition of NO prevented the increase of cell death in root tips, whereas inhibiting NO accumulation further increased the number of cells undergoing PCD. These results revealed that NO production is an early response of hulless barley roots to Cu stress and that NO contributes to Cu tolerance in hulless barley possibly by modulating antioxidant defense, subsequently reducing oxidative stress and PCD in root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China.
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24
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Güleryüz G, Erdemir ÜS, Arslan H, Güçer Ş. Elemental composition of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. growing in tungsten-contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18332-18342. [PMID: 27278070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the elemental (W, Mo, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, Cr, Co, B, and Bi) composition of Marrubium astracanicum Jacq. (Lamiaceae), around the abandoned tungsten mine on Uludağ Mountain, Turkey, to determine if it is an appropriate candidate for phytomonitoring and/or phytoremediation purposes. Three sample sites were selected around the mine for soil and plant sampling. Two sites approximately 500 m from the mine were assumed to be unpolluted sites. The other site was selected from a waste removal pool (WRP) and was assumed to be a polluted site. The soil and different organs (roots, leaves, and flowers) of plant samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the elemental content. The classic open wet digestion procedure was applied to the samples with 5 mL HNO3 and 3 mL H2O2 in a borosilicate glass vessel for the roots, leaves, and the flowers of the plants. Kjeldahl digestion was used for the soil samples. The W, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, B, and Bi contents were found to be higher in the soil samples from the waste removal pools compared with the samples from the unpolluted sites. We also found that the elemental composition of M. astracanicum has generally been increased by the activity of the tungsten mine, and there were significant correlations between the elemental contents of the soil samples and plant parts, except for Mo and Cr. The high level of many elements in the soil samples indicates the presence of contamination related to tungsten-mining activity on Uludağ Mountain. Assessing the elemental contents of M. astracanicum, we can suggest this species as a candidate for phytoremediation purposes of W-contaminated sites due to its high W-accumulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürcan Güleryüz
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ümran Seven Erdemir
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hülya Arslan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şeref Güçer
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Eleftheriou EP. Bisphenol A disrupts microtubules and induces multipolar spindles in dividing root tip cells of the gymnosperm Abies cephalonica. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:202-10. [PMID: 26855225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine chemical disruptor extensively used in the plastic and epoxy resin industry, on dividing root tip cells of the gymnosperm Abies cephalonica Loudon were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy after tubulin and endoplasmic reticulum immunolocalization and DNA staining. Microtubule arrays of all mitotic stages were disrupted within a few hours of treatment: preprophase bands exhibited asymmetric width; prometaphase, metaphase and anaphase spindles appeared sharply pointed, sigmoid or multipolar; phragmoplast microtubules were elongated and occasionally bended toward the daughter nuclei. Depending on the mitotic stage, the chromosomes appeared condensed at prophase, as a compact mass at metaphase and anaphase, unsegregated or bridged at telophase. Endoplasmic reticulum patterns were also affected, reflecting those of the respective microtubule arrays. Recovery of the microtubules after oryzalin treatment was more effective in a BPA solution than in water. It is concluded that the plant mitotic apparatus microtubules are very sensitive to BPA, the effect of which depends on the specific cell cycle stage. The formation of multipolar spindles is reminiscent of animal cells and is ascribed to the induction of multiple microtubule nucleation sites, deriving from the centrosomal properties of gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. The mystery of underground death: cell death in roots during ontogeny and in response to environmental factors. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:171-84. [PMID: 26332667 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential part of the ontogeny of roots and their tolerance/resistance mechanisms, allowing adaptation and growth under adverse conditions. It occurs not only at the cellular and subcellular level, but also at the levels of tissues, organs and even whole plants. This process involves a wide spectrum of mechanisms, from signalling and the expression of specific genes to the degradation of cellular structures. The major goals of this review were to broaden current knowledge about PCD processes in roots, and to identify mechanisms associated with both developmental and stress-associated cell death in roots. Vacuolar cell death, when cell contents are removed by a combination of an autophagy-associated process and the release of hydrolases from a collapsed vacuole, is responsible for programming self-destruction. Regardless of the conditions and factors inducing PCD, its subcellular events usually include the accumulation of autophagosome-like structures, and the formation of massive lytic compartments. In some cases these are followed by the nuclear changes of chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Tonoplast disruption and vacuole implosion occur very rapidly, are irreversible and constitute a definitive step toward cell death in roots. Active cell elimination plays an important role in various biological processes in the life history of plants, leading to controlled cellular death during adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and organ remodelling throughout development and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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27
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Eleftheriou EP, Adamakis IDS, Michalopoulou VA. Hexavalent chromium-induced differential disruption of cortical microtubules in some Fabaceae species is correlated with acetylation of α-tubulin. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:531-42. [PMID: 26015161 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] on the cortical microtubules (MTs) of five species of the Fabaceae family (Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, Vigna sinensis, Vigna angularis, and Medicago sativa) were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy after immunolocalization of total tubulin with conventional immunofluorescence techniques and of acetylated α-tubulin with the specific 6-11B-1 monoclonal antibody. Moreover, total α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin were quantified by Western immunoblotting and scanning densitometry. Results showed the universality of Cr(VI) detrimental effects to cortical MTs, which proved to be a sensitive and reliable subcellular marker for monitoring Cr(VI) toxicity in plant cells. However, a species-specific response was recorded, and a correlation of MT disturbance with the acetylation status of α-tubulin was demonstrated. In V. faba, MTs were depolymerized at the gain of cytoplasmic tubulin background and displayed low α-tubulin acetylation, while in P. sativum, V. sinensis, V. angularis, and M. sativa, MTs became bundled and changed orientation from perpendicular to oblique or longitudinal. Bundled MTs were highly acetylated as determined by both immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting. Tubulin acetylation in P. sativum and M. sativa preceded MT bundling; in V. sinensis it followed MT derangement, while in V. angularis the two phenomena coincided. Total α-tubulin remained constant in all treatments. Should acetylation be an indicator of MT stabilization, it is deduced that bundled MTs became stabilized, lost their dynamic properties, and were rendered inactive. Results of this report allow the conclusion that Cr(VI) toxicity disrupts MTs and deranges the MT-mediated functions either by depolymerizing or stabilizing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Vasiliki A Michalopoulou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Horiunova II, Krasylenko YA, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Involvement of plant cytoskeleton in cellular mechanisms of metal toxicity. CYTOL GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452716010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Jeevan Kumar SP, Rajendra Prasad S, Banerjee R, Thammineni C. Seed birth to death: dual functions of reactive oxygen species in seed physiology. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:663-8. [PMID: 26271119 PMCID: PMC4578000 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be detrimental to seed viability. However, recent studies have demonstrated that ROS have key roles in seed germination particularly in the release of seed dormancy and embryogenesis, as well as in protection from pathogens. SCOPE This review considers the functions of ROS in seed physiology. ROS are present in all cells and at all phases of the seed life cycle. ROS accumulation is important in breaking seed dormancy, and stimulating seed germination and protection from pathogens. However, excessive ROS accumulation can be detrimental. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms by which ROS influence seed physiology will provide insights that may not only allow the development of seed quality markers but also help us understand how dormancy can be broken in several recalcitrant species. CONCLUSIONS Reactive oxygen species have a dual role in seed physiology. Understanding the relative importance of beneficial and detrimental effects of ROS provides great scope for the improvement and maintenance of seed vigour and quality, factors that may ultimately increase crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Jeevan Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Seed Research, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh 275103, India
| | - S Rajendra Prasad
- ICAR-Directorate of Seed Research, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh 275103, India,
| | - Rintu Banerjee
- Microbial and Downstream Processing Laboratory, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - Chakradhar Thammineni
- Research Program-Dry Land Cereals, International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India and
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30
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Eleftheriou EP, Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Fatsiou M. Chromium-Induced Ultrastructural Changes and Oxidative Stress in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15852-71. [PMID: 26184178 PMCID: PMC4519928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an abundant heavy metal in nature, toxic to living organisms. As it is widely used in industry and leather tanning, it may accumulate locally at high concentrations, raising concerns for human health hazards. Though Cr effects have extensively been investigated in animals and mammals, in plants they are poorly understood. The present study was then undertaken to determine the ultrastructural malformations induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], the most toxic form provided as 100 μM potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), in the root tip cells of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A concentration-dependent decrease of root growth and a time-dependent increase of dead cells, callose deposition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and peroxidase activity were found in Cr(VI)-treated seedlings, mostly at the transition root zone. In the same zone, nuclei remained ultrastructurally unaffected, but in the meristematic zone some nuclei displayed bulbous outgrowths or contained tubular structures. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was less affected under Cr(VI) stress, but Golgi bodies appeared severely disintegrated. Moreover, mitochondria and plastids became spherical and displayed translucent stroma with diminished internal membranes, but noteworthy is that their double-membrane envelopes remained structurally intact. Starch grains and electron dense deposits occurred in the plastids. Amorphous material was also deposited in the cell walls, the middle lamella and the vacuoles. Some vacuoles were collapsed, but the tonoplast appeared integral. The plasma membrane was structurally unaffected and the cytoplasm contained opaque lipid droplets and dense electron deposits. All electron dense deposits presumably consisted of Cr that is sequestered from sensitive sites, thus contributing to metal tolerance. It is concluded that the ultrastructural changes are reactive oxygen species (ROS)-correlated and the malformations observed are organelle specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria Fatsiou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Eleftheriou EP, Michalopoulou VA, Adamakis IDS. Aberration of mitosis by hexavalent chromium in some Fabaceae members is mediated by species-specific microtubule disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7590-7599. [PMID: 25616379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because the detrimental effects of chromium (Cr) to higher plants have been poorly investigated, the present study was undertaken to verify the toxic attributes of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to plant mitotic microtubules (MTs), to determine any differential disruption of MTs during mitosis of taxonomically related species and to clarify the relationship between the visualized chromosomal aberrations and the Cr(VI)-induced MT disturbance. For this purpose, 5-day-old uniform seedlings of Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, Vigna sinensis and Vigna angularis, all belonging to the Fabaceae family, were exposed to 250 μM Cr(VI) supplied as potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) for 24, 72 and 120 h and others in distilled water serving as controls. Root tip samples were processed for tubulin immunolabelling (for MT visualization) and DNA fluorescent staining (for chromosomal visualization). Microscopic preparations of cell squashes were then examined and photographed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Cr(VI) halted seedling growth turning roots brown and necrotic. Severe chromosomal abnormalities and differential disturbance of the corresponding MT arrays were found in all mitotic phases. In particular, in V. faba MTs were primarily depolymerized and replaced by atypical tubulin conformations, whereas in P. sativum, V. sinensis and V. angularis they became bundled in a time-dependent manner. In P. sativum, the effects were milder compared to those of the other species, but in all cases MT disturbance adversely affected the proper aggregation of chromosomes on the metaphase plate, their segregation at anaphase and organization of the new nuclei at telophase. Cr(VI) is very toxic to seedling growth. The particular effect depends on the exact stage the cell is found at the time of Cr(VI) entrance and is species-specific. Mitotic MT arrays are differentially deranged by Cr(VI) in the different species examined, even if they are taxonomically related, while their disturbance underlies chromosomal abnormalities. Results furthermore support the view that MTs may constitute a reliable, sensitive and universal subcellular marker for monitoring heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece,
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Petrov V, Hille J, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev TS. ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 25741354 PMCID: PMC4332301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PlovdivBulgaria
| | - Jacques Hille
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, GroningenNetherlands
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Tsanko S. Gechev
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PlovdivBulgaria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-GolmGermany
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Eleftheriou EP. Tungsten disrupts root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana by PIN targeting. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1174-87. [PMID: 24973590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is a heavy metal with increasing concern over its environmental impact. In plants it is extensively used to deplete nitric oxide by inhibiting nitrate reductase, but its presumed toxicity as a heavy metal has been less explored. Accordingly, its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana primary root were assessed. The effects on root growth, mitotic cell percentage, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide levels, the cytoskeleton, cell ultrastructure, auxin and cytokinin activity, and auxin carrier distribution were investigated. It was found that tungsten reduced root growth, particularly by inhibiting cell expansion in the elongation zone, so that root hairs emerged closer to the root tip than in the control. Although extensive vacuolation was observed, even in meristematic cells, cell organelles were almost unaffected and microtubules were not depolymerized but reoriented. Tungsten affected auxin and cytokinin activity, as visualized by the DR5-GFP and TCS-GFP expressing lines, respectively. Cytokinin fluctuations were similar to those of the mitotic cell percentage. DR5-GFP signal appeared ectopically expressed, while the signals of PIN2-GFP and PIN3-GFP were diminished even after relatively short exposures. The observed effects were not reminiscent of those of any nitric oxide scavengers. Taken together, inhibition of root growth by tungsten might rather be related to a presumed interference with the basipetal flow of auxin, specifically affecting cell expansion in the elongation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Eleftheriou EP. The nitrate reductase inhibitor, tungsten, disrupts actin microfilaments in Zea mays L. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:567-574. [PMID: 24091895 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is a widely used inhibitor of nitrate reductase, applied to diminish the nitric oxide levels in plants. It was recently shown that tungsten also has heavy metal attributes. Since information about the toxic effects of tungsten on actin is limited, and considering that actin microfilaments are involved in the entry of tungsten inside plant cells, the effects of tungsten on them were studied in Zea mays seedlings. Treatments with sodium tungstate for 3, 6, 12 or 24 h were performed on intact seedlings and seedlings with truncated roots. Afterwards, actin microfilaments in meristematic root and leaf tissues were stained with fluorescent phalloidin, and the specimens were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. While the actin microfilament network was well organized in untreated seedlings, in tungstate-treated ones it was disrupted in a time-dependent manner. In protodermal root cells, the effects of tungsten were stronger as cortical microfilaments were almost completely depolymerized and the intracellular ones appeared highly bundled. Fluorescence intensity measurements confirmed the above results. In the meristematic leaf tissue of intact seedlings, no depolymerization of actin microfilaments was noticed. However, when root tips were severed prior to tungstate application, both cortical and endoplasmic actin networks of leaf cells were disrupted and bundled after 24 h of treatment. The differential response of root and leaf tissues to tungsten toxicity may be due to differential penetration and absorption, while the effects on actin microfilaments could not be attributed to the nitric oxide depletion by tungsten.
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35
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Chen H, Osuna D, Colville L, Lorenzo O, Graeber K, Küster H, Leubner-Metzger G, Kranner I. Transcriptome-wide mapping of pea seed ageing reveals a pivotal role for genes related to oxidative stress and programmed cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78471. [PMID: 24205239 PMCID: PMC3812160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of seed ageing, which leads to viability loss during storage, is vital for ex situ plant conservation and agriculture alike. Yet the potential for regulation at the transcriptional level has not been fully investigated. Here, we studied the relationship between seed viability, gene expression and glutathione redox status during artificial ageing of pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Transcriptome-wide analysis using microarrays was complemented with qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes and a multilevel analysis of the antioxidant glutathione. Partial degradation of DNA and RNA occurred from the onset of artificial ageing at 60% RH and 50°C, and transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of genes associated with programmed cell death, oxidative stress and protein ubiquitination were altered prior to any sign of viability loss. After 25 days of ageing viability started to decline in conjunction with progressively oxidising cellular conditions, as indicated by a shift of the glutathione redox state towards more positive values (>-190 mV). The unravelling of the molecular basis of seed ageing revealed that transcriptome reprogramming is a key component of the ageing process, which influences the progression of programmed cell death and decline in antioxidant capacity that ultimately lead to seed viability loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Chen
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Osuna
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Louise Colville
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología. Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kai Graeber
- Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Unit IV – Plant Genomics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Küster
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Unit IV – Plant Genomics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Institute for Biology II, Botany/Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Cherianidou A, Eleftheriou EP. Effects of bisphenol A on the microtubule arrays in root meristematic cells of Pisum sativum L. Mutat Res 2013; 750:111-20. [PMID: 23174415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used chemical in the plastics industry that displays weak oestrogenic properties, is an emerging environmental pollutant, potentially harmful to living organisms. The presumed cytotoxicity of BPA to plant cells has been poorly studied. To understand how BPA might influence plant cell division and affect the underlying cytoskeleton, the effects of BPA on the microtubule (MT) arrays of meristematic root-tip cells of Pisum sativum L. were investigated. Root tips of young seedlings were exposed to 20, 50 and 100mg/L BPA for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24h. The effects of each treatment were determined by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy after immunolabelling of tubulin and counterstaining of DNA, and by use of light and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that BPA affected normal chromosome segregation, hampered the completion of cytokinesis and deranged interphase and mitotic MT arrays. BPA effects were dependent on the stage of each cell at the time of BPA entrance. Moreover, BPA induced the formation of macrotubules with a mean diameter of 32 ± 0.14 nm, compared with 23 ± 0.70 nm for the MT arrays in untreated cells. Finally, all MT arrays and macrotubules were depolymerised upon longer treatment. Taken together, the data suggest that BPA exerts acute anti-mitotic effects on meristematic root-tip cells of P. sativum, MT arrays constitute a primary sub-cellular target of BPA toxicity, and the manifested chromosomal abnormalities could be attributed to the disruption of the MT cytoskeleton.
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37
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Eleftheriou EP. Tungsten Toxicity in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 1:82-99. [PMID: 27137642 PMCID: PMC4844263 DOI: 10.3390/plants1020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten (W) is a rare heavy metal, widely used in a range of industrial, military and household applications due to its unique physical properties. These activities inevitably have accounted for local W accumulation at high concentrations, raising concerns about its effects for living organisms. In plants, W has primarily been used as an inhibitor of the molybdoenzymes, since it antagonizes molybdenum (Mo) for the Mo-cofactor (MoCo) of these enzymes. However, recent advances indicate that, beyond Mo-enzyme inhibition, W has toxic attributes similar with those of other heavy metals. These include hindering of seedling growth, reduction of root and shoot biomass, ultrastructural malformations of cell components, aberration of cell cycle, disruption of the cytoskeleton and deregulation of gene expression related with programmed cell death (PCD). In this article, the recent available information on W toxicity in plants and plant cells is reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and the most pertinent research directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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