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Xie B, Zhao Z, Wang X, Wang Q, Yuan X, Guo C, Xu L. Exogenous protectants alleviate ozone stress in Trifolium repens: Impacts on plant growth and endophytic fungi. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109059. [PMID: 39178802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Industrialization-driven surface ozone (O3) pollution significantly impairs plant growth. This study evaluates the effectiveness of exogenous protectants [3 mg L⁻1 abscisic acid (ABA), 400 mg L⁻1 ethylenediurea (EDU), and 80 mg L⁻1 spermidine (Spd)] on Trifolium repens subjected to O3 stress in open-top chambers, focusing on plant growth and dynamics of culturable endophytic fungal communities. Results indicate that O3 exposure adversely affects photosynthesis, reducing root biomass and altering root structure, which further impacts the ability of plant to absorb essential nutrients such as potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn). Conversely, the application of ABA, EDU, and Spd significantly enhanced total biomass and chlorophyll content in T. repens. Specifically, ABA and Spd significantly improved root length, root surface area, and root volume, while EDU effectively reduced leaves' malondialdehyde levels, indicating decreased oxidative stress. Moreover, ABA and Spd treatments significantly increased leaf endophytic fungal diversity, while root fungal abundance declined. The relative abundance of Alternaria in leaves was substantially reduced by these treatments, which correlated with enhanced chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. Concurrently, EDU and Spd treatments increased the abundance of Plectosphaerella, enhance the absorption of K, Ca, and Mg. In roots, ABA treatment increased the abundance of Paecilomyces, while Spd treatment enhanced the presence of Stemphylium, linked to improved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and K uptake. These findings suggest that specific symbiotic fungi mitigate O3-induced stress by enhancing nutrient absorption, promoting growth. This study highlights the potential of exogenous protectants to enhance plant resilience against O3 pollution through modulating interactions with endophytic fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Chang Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Lang Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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2
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Liang C, Zhu J. Role of root plasma membrane H +-ATPase in enhancing Cucumis sativus adaptation to microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20133-20148. [PMID: 38372914 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread and hazardous cyanotoxins posing a huge threat to agro-ecosystem by irrigation. Some adaptive metabolisms can be initiated at the cellular and molecular levels of plant to survive environmental change. To find ways to improve plant tolerance to MCs after recognizing adaptive mechanism in plant, we studied effects of MCs on root morphology, mineral element contents, root activity, H+-ATPase activity, and its gene expression level in cucumber during exposure and recovery (without MCs) periods. After being exposed to MCs (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1) for 7 days, we found 1 μg L-1 MCs did not affect growth and mineral elements in cucumber. MCs at 10 μg ·L-1 increased root activity and H+-ATPase activity partly from upregulation of genes (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA8, and CsHA9) expression, to promote nutrient uptake. Then, the increase in NO3-, Fe, Zn, and Mn contents could contribute to maintaining root growth and morphology. Higher concentration MCs (100 or 1000 µg L-1) inhibited root activity and H+-ATPase activity by downregulating expression of genes (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8, CsHA9, and CsHA10), decreased contents of nutrient elements except Ca largely, and caused root growing worse. After a recovery, the absorption activity and H+-ATPase activity in cucumber treated with10 μg L-1 MCs were closed to the control whereas all parameters in cucumber treated 1000 μg L-1 MCs were even worse. All results indicate that the increase in H+-ATPase activity can enhance cucumber tolerance to MC stress by regulating nutrient uptake, especially when the MCs occur at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Jiuzheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Parwez R, Aftab T, Khan MMA, Naeem M. Exogenous abscisic acid fine-tunes heavy metal accumulation and plant's antioxidant defence mechanism to optimize crop performance and secondary metabolite production in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. under nickel stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111703. [PMID: 37031743 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) contamination of farming soil has become currently a recurring global menace to agriculture crop productivity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the putative contributions of abscisic acid (ABA) to extemporize Ni tolerance in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) plants. The outcomes of this study exposed that exogenous supplementation of ABA at 10, 20, 40 and 80 µM considerably enhanced the growth and physiological attributes of fenugreek under 80 mg Ni kg-1 soil, however, 40 µM of ABA exhibited the best results under normal and Ni-stressed conditions. ABA-mediated Ni tolerance was marked by reductions in Ni accumulation and consequent lowering of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. Contrarily, NO (nitric oxide) level increased in response to ABA application under Ni stress conditions, accompanied by promoted antioxidant activities through improved levels of secondary metabolites, proline, and perked-up ROS-detoxification enzymes activities. Exogenous ABA at 40 µM concentration applied to Ni-exposed plants (80 mg Ni kg-1 soil) improved the total content of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins by 14.3%, 10.2%, 15.4% and 7.0%, respectively, over Ni-stressed plants alone. Additionally, seed trigonelline content imparting several pharmacological actions to the fenugreek plant exhibited a remarkable escalation upto 3.6 and 2.6 mg g-1 DW under '40 µM ABA' and '40 µM ABA + 80 mg Ni kg-1 soil' treatments, respectively. The findings of the study suggest that ABA plays a key role in enhancing the overall performance of the fenugreek crop under excessive Ni stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsar Parwez
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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4
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Zhang Y, Li J, Tan J, Li W, Singh BP, Yang X, Bolan N, Chen X, Xu S, Bao Y, Lv D, Peng A, Zhou Y, Wang H. An overview of the direct and indirect effects of acid rain on plants: Relationships among acid rain, soil, microorganisms, and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162388. [PMID: 36842576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) causes numerous environmental problems and complex negative effects on plants globally. Many studies have previously reported on direct effects of AR or its depositional substances on plant injury and performance. However, few studies have addressed the indirect effects of AR on plants as mediated by soil microorganisms and the abiotic environment of the soil rhizosphere. The indirect effects (e.g., AR → soil microorganisms→plants) need greater attention, because acidic deposition not only affects the distribution, composition, abundance, function, and activity of plant-associated microorganisms, but also influences the dynamics of some substances in the soil in a way that may be harmful to plants. Therefore, this review not only focused on the direct effects of AR on plant performance, growth, and biomass allocations from a whole-plant perspective, but also addressed the pathway of AR-soil chemical characteristics-plants, which explains how soil solute leaching and acidification by AR will reduce the availability of essential nutrients and increase the availability of heavy metals for plants, affecting carbon and nitrogen cycles. Mainly, we evaluated the AR-soil microorganisms-plants pathway by: 1) synthesizing the potential roles of soil microbes in alleviating soil acidic stress on plants and the adverse effects of AR on plant-associated soil microorganisms; 2) exploring how plant mycorrhizal types affect the detection of AR effect on plants. The meta-analysis showed that the effects of AR-induced pH on leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, and plant root biomass were dependent on plant mycorrhizal types. Some possible reasons for different synergy between mycorrhizal symbiotic types and plants were discussed. Future research relating to the effects of AR on plants should focus on the combined direct and indirect effects to evaluate how AR affects plant performance comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Junyan Tan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bhupinder Pal Singh
- University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Song Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Daofei Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Anan Peng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Shu X, Zhang K, Zhang Q, Wang W. Changes in the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities in response to soil types and acid rain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116493. [PMID: 36265236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is widely known how acid rain negatively impacts plant physiology. However, the magnitude of these effects may depend on soil types. Although the response of aboveground parts has received much attention, the effects of soil types and acid rain on underground processes are yet to be studied, specifically with respect to the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Based on a high throughput sequencing approach, this study examined how different soil types, acid rain of different pH, and interactions between the two factors influenced the growth and rhizosphere bacterial communities of Jatropha curcas L. The present study pointed out that the soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and total organic carbon/total nitrogen (C/N) were more related to soil type than to acid rain. The growth of J. curcas aboveground was mainly affected by acid rain, while the underground growth was mainly influenced by soil type. Changes in bacterial abundance indicated that the genera (Burkholderia-Paraburkholde, Bryobacter, Cupriavidus, Mycobacterium, and Leptospirillu) and phyla (Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria) could likely resist acid rain to some extent, with Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria being well adapted to the copiotrophic environments. Results of correlational analyses between Firmicutes and soil properties (pH, TN, TK) further indicated that this phylum was also well adapted to a nutrient-deficient habitat of low pH. Finally, while Mycobacterium and Bradyrhizobium could adapt to low pH, high soil TK contents were not conducive to their enrichment. The results also showed that acid rain shifted the bacterial groups from fast-growing copiotrophic populations to slow-growing oligotrophic ones. The RDA analysis, and Pearson's rank correlation coefficients indicated that soil pH and TK were the main factors influencing bacterial richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - KeRong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - QuanFa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - WeiBo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Prakash J, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Global Trends of Acidity in Rainfall and Its Impact on Plants and Soil. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022; 23:398-419. [PMID: 36415481 PMCID: PMC9672585 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-022-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to its deleterious and large-scale effects on the ecosystem and long-range transboundary nature, acid rain has attracted the attention of scientists and policymakers. Acid rain (AR) is a prominent environmental issue that has emerged in the last hundred years. AR refers to any form of precipitation leading to a reduction in pH to less than 5.6. The prime reasons for AR formation encompass the occurrence of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and organic acids in air produced by natural as well as anthropogenic activities. India, the top SO2 emitter, also shows a continuous increase in NO2 level responsible for AR formation. The plants being immobile unavoidably get exposed to AR which impacts the natural surrounding negatively. Plants get affected directly by AR due to reductions in growth, productivity, and yield by damaging photosynthetic mechanisms and reproductive organs or indirectly by affecting underground components such as soil and root system. Genes that play important role in plant defense under abiotic stress gets also modulated in response to acid rain. AR induces soil acidification, and disturbs the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, litter properties, and microbial and enzymatic activities. This article overviews the factors contributing to AR, and outlines the past and present trends of rainwater pH across the world, and its effects on plants and soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasa Prakash
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Ma Y, Kang Z, Zhou F, Gao Y, Yang S, Li T, Hu X. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates low-temperature damage by modulating the xanthophyll cycle and nutrient uptake in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36058015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an antioxidant existing in plants, has been widely reported to participate in the process of coping with cold stress of plants. In this study, exogenous ALA promoted the growth of tomato plants and alleviated the appearance of purple tomato leaves under low-temperature stress. At the same time, exogenous ALA improved antioxidant enzyme activities, SlSOD gene expression, Fv/Fm, and proline contents and reduced H2O2 contents, SlRBOH gene expression, relative electrical conductivity, and malondialdehyde contents to alleviate the damage caused by low temperature to tomato seedlings. Compared with low-temperature stress, spraying exogenous ALA before low-temperature stress could restore the indicators of photochemical quenching, actual photochemical efficiency, electron transport rate, and nonphotochemical quenching to normal. Exogenous ALA could increase the total contents of the xanthophyll cycle pool, the positive de-epoxidation rate of the xanthophyll cycle and improved the expression levels of key genes in the xanthophyll cycle under low-temperature stress. In addition, we found that exogenous ALA significantly enhanced the absorption of mineral nutrients, promoted the transfer and distribution of mineral nutrients to the leaves, and improved the expression levels of mineral nutrient absorption-related genes, which were all conducive to the improved adaptation of tomato seedlings under low-temperature stress. In summary, the application of exogenous ALA can increase tomato seedlings' tolerance to low-temperature stress by improving the xanthophyll cycle and the ability of the absorption of mineral nutrients in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luqiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shichun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Abscisic Acid Induces Adventitious Rooting in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by Enhancing Sugar Synthesis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182354. [PMID: 36145755 PMCID: PMC9505232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) affects many important plant processes, such as seed germination, root elongation and stomatal movement. However, little information is available about the relationship between ABA and sugar synthesis during adventitious root formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ABA on adventitious root formation in cucumber and whether the effect of this plant hormone on sugar synthesis could be included as a causative factor for adventitious root development. We determined the contents of glucose, sucrose, starch, total sugar and sugar-related enzymes, including sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities in ABA treatment. We also quantified the relative expression of sucrose or glucose synthesis genes during this process. Increasing ABA concentrations significantly improved adventitious root formation, with the most considerable effect at 0.05 μM. Compared to the control, ABA treatment showed higher glucose, sucrose, starch and total sugar contents. Moreover, ABA treatment increased glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) contents in cucumber explants during adventitious root development, which was followed by an increase of activities of sucrose-related enzymes SS and SPS, glucose-related enzymes HK and PK. ABA, meanwhile, upregulated the expression levels of sucrose or glucose synthesis-related genes, including CsSuSy1, CsSuSy6, CsHK1 and CsHK3. These results suggest that ABA may promote adventitious root development by increasing the contents of glucose, sucrose, starch, total sugar, G6P, F6P and G1P, the activities of SS, SPS, HK, SPS and the expression levels of CsSuSy1, CsSuSy6, CsHK1 and CsHK3 genes. These findings provide evidence for the physiological role of ABA during adventitious root formation and provide a new understanding of the possible relationship between ABA and sugar synthesis during adventitious rooting in plants.
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Pham HTT, Nguyen LN, Le TT, Le MQ, Tran TK. Impact of simulated acid rain on the growth of three species Brassica integrifolia, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea in Hanoi, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42090-42101. [PMID: 35334049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the extent and magnitude of acid rain in Vietnam and other Asian countries have become more apparent. In this study, the effect of simulated acid rain (pH 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0) and control treatment (pH 6.0) are observed for three species Brassica integrifolia, Brassica rapa, and Brassica juncea in Hanoi. The pot experiment was conducted for 42 days and arranged according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated 3 times with acid rain exposure being supplied every 4 days. The results show that acid rain causes direct damage to leaves. Observations reveal white spots on leaves; leaves getting discolored and gradually turning yellow, curling leaf marginals, and turning dark blue, with the most severe symptoms being necrotic leaves. Parameters of the shoot and root length, leaf area, biomass, and chlorophyll content all decrease as pH drops. However, the accumulation of proline content in leaves tends to increase with greater acidity. In conclusion, Brassica rara has the highest resistance capability to acid rain compared with Brassica integrifolia and Brassica juncea, especially its proline content is the highest at pH 3.0 in three Brassicaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T T Pham
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Ly N Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy T Le
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mai Q Le
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuân, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Toan K Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
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Chen G, Zheng D, Feng N, Zhou H, Mu D, Zhao L, Shen X, Rao G, Meng F, Huang A. Physiological mechanisms of ABA-induced salinity tolerance in leaves and roots of rice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8228. [PMID: 35581217 PMCID: PMC9114345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in response to abiotic stress as important small molecules in regulating metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of foliar spraying ABA to regulate growth quality at rice seedling stage under salt stress. Results demonstrated that salt stress strongly reduced all the growth parameters of two rice seedlings (‘Chaoyouqianhao’ and ‘Huanghuazhan’), caused prominent decrease in the levels of photosynthetic pigments (mainly in Huanghuazhan), photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters. Salinity treatment increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots, whereas significant decreased H2O2 was found in leaves of Huanghuazhan. Additionally, salinity triggered high Na+ content particularly in leaves and enhanced catalase (CAT) activities, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the two rice seedlings. Nevertheless, salinity-induced increased root ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels while decreased in leaves, which depended on treatment time. Conversely, ABA application partially or completely mitigated salinity toxicity on the seedlings. ABA could reverse most of the changed physiological parameters triggered by salt stress. Specially, ABA treatment improved antioxidant enzyme levels and significantly reduced the Na+ content of two varieties as well as increased the K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ content in leaves and roots. ABA treatment increased the hormone contents of 1-aminocclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), trans-zeatin (TZ), N6-isopentyladenosine (IPA), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and ABA in leaves of two rice varieties under salt stress. It is suggested that ABA was beneficial to protect membrane lipid peroxidation, the modulation of antioxidant defense systems and endogenous hormonal balance with imposition to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China. .,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China. .,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.,School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Dewei Mu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Gangshun Rao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,South China Center of National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
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11
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D’Oria A, Jing L, Arkoun M, Pluchon S, Pateyron S, Trouverie J, Etienne P, Diquélou S, Ourry A. Transcriptomic, Metabolomic and Ionomic Analyses Reveal Early Modulation of Leaf Mineral Content in Brassica napus under Mild or Severe Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:781. [PMID: 35054964 PMCID: PMC8776245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is generally acknowledged that drought is one of the main abiotic factors affecting plant growth, how mineral nutrition is specifically and negatively affected by water deficit has received very little attention, other than being analyzed as a consequence of reduced growth. Therefore, Brassica napus plants were subjected to a gradual onset of water deficits (mild, severe, or severe extended), and leaves were analyzed at the ionomic, transcriptomic and metabolic levels. The number of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and of the most differentially accumulated metabolites increased from mild (525 DEGs, 57 metabolites) to severe (5454 DEGs, 78 metabolites) and severe extended (9346 DEGs, 95 metabolites) water deficit. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the 11,747 DEGs identified revealed that ion transport was one of the most significant processes affected, even under mild water deficit, and this was also confirmed by the shift in ionomic composition (mostly micronutrients with a strong decrease in Mo, Fe, Zn, and Mn in leaves) that occurred well before growth reduction. The metabolomic data and most of the transcriptomic data suggested that well-known early leaf responses to drought such as phytohormone metabolism (ABA and JA), proline accumulation, and oxidative stress defense were induced later than repression of genes related to nutrient transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien D’Oria
- Unicaen, INRAE, UMR 950 Eva, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (A.D.); (J.T.); (P.E.); (S.D.)
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International-TIMAC AGRO, 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (M.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Lun Jing
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International-TIMAC AGRO, 35400 Saint-Malo, France;
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International-TIMAC AGRO, 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (M.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International-TIMAC AGRO, 35400 Saint-Malo, France; (M.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, 91405 Orsay, France;
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- Unicaen, INRAE, UMR 950 Eva, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (A.D.); (J.T.); (P.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Philippe Etienne
- Unicaen, INRAE, UMR 950 Eva, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (A.D.); (J.T.); (P.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Sylvain Diquélou
- Unicaen, INRAE, UMR 950 Eva, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (A.D.); (J.T.); (P.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Alain Ourry
- Unicaen, INRAE, UMR 950 Eva, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Normandie Université, 14000 Caen, France; (A.D.); (J.T.); (P.E.); (S.D.)
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12
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Ma Y, Ren X, Liang C. Exogenous Ca 2+ enhances antioxidant defense in rice to simulated acid rain by regulating ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. PLANTA 2021; 254:41. [PMID: 34327596 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous calcium enhances rice tolerance to acid rain stress by regulating isozymes composition and transcriptional expression of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Calcium (Ca) participates in signal transduction in plants under abiotic stress, and addition of Ca2+ is beneficial to alleviate damage of plants caused by acid rain. To clarify the effect of exogenous Ca2+ on tolerance of plants to acid rain stress, we investigated regulation of Ca2+ (5 mM) on activities, isozymes composition and transcriptional expression of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), redox state, and H2O2 concentration and growth in rice leaves and roots under simulated acid rain (SAR) stress. SAR (pH 3.5/2.5) decreased the total activities of APX and GR in rice by decreasing the concentration of APX isoforms (APXII in leaves and APXIII in roots) as well as activation degree of GR isozymes and transcription level of GR1, indicating that SAR (pH 3.5/2.5) destroyed the redox state in rice cells and induced H2O2 excessive accumulation, and inhibited growth of rice. Exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced inhibition on activities of APX and GR by regulating the concentration, activation, and transcription of their isozymes, and then maintained the redox level of cells and protected cells from oxidative damage, being beneficial to the growth of rice. Therefore, the promotion of exogenous Ca2+ on activities of APX and GR can be important to enhance rice tolerance to acid rain by maintaining redox state and avoiding oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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13
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Ju S, Wang Y, Wang N, Chen M. The Effects of Silicon and Different Types of Acid Rain on Root Growth and Physiology Activity of Oryza Sativa L. Seedlings. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:967-971. [PMID: 33211133 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of silicon (Si) and different types of acid rain (AR) on rice seedling roots was elucidated. The results showed different types of AR had different effects. Nitrate AR at pH 3.0 could promote the growth of rice roots, increased the dry weight, improved root phenotype, boosted H2O2 contents and increased peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. Sulfate AR at pH 3.0 could significantly inhibit the growth of rice roots, decreased the dry weight, root phenotype, increased H2O2 content and autioxidant enzyme activities. Sulfate-nitrate AR at pH 3.0 spraying had no significant effect on rice roots. Under different types of AR stress, the addition of exogenous Si could significantly promote the growth of rice seedling roots. This results indicated that the effects of rice root caused by AR might be due to not only the types of AR but also the content of Si in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Ju
- School of Environment, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, No. 2, Lishui Road, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yukun Wang
- School of Environment, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, No. 2, Lishui Road, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Wang
- School of Environment, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, No. 2, Lishui Road, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Environment, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, No. 2, Lishui Road, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Chen H, Liu X, Deng S, Wang H, Ou X, Huang L, Li J, Jin C. Pretilachlor Releasable Polyurea Microcapsules Suspension Optimization and Its Paddy Field Weeding Investigation. Front Chem 2020; 8:826. [PMID: 33195036 PMCID: PMC7642302 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, pretilachlor was encapsulated into polyurea microcapsules prepared by water-initiated polymerization of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate and eventually made into pretilachlor microcapsules suspension (PMS). We used response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the Box–Behnken design (BBD) model to optimize the formulation of PMS. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of PMS was investigated with respect to three independent variables including wall material dosage (X1), emulsifier dosage (X2), and polymerization stirring speed (X3). The results showed that the regression equation model had a satisfactory accuracy in predicting the EE of PMS. To achieve an optimal condition for PMS preparation, the dose of wall material was set to 5%, the dose of emulsifier was set to 3.5% and the polymerization stirring speed was set to 200 rpm. The EE of PMS was up to 95.68% under the optimized condition, and the spherical shape with smooth surface morphology was observed. PMS was also proven to have delayed release capability and in vivo herbicidal activity against barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] with an LC50 value of 274 mg/L. Furthermore, PMS had efficient weed management compared to commercially available 30% pretilachlor emulsifier (PE), showing a promising potential application for weeding paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Shuqi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China.,Forestry Bureau of Lanshan County, Lanshan, China
| | - Xiaoming Ou
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha, China
| | - Linya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Chenzhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Harmless Application in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
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15
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Liang C, Liu H. Response of hormone in rice seedlings to irrigation contaminated with cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127157. [PMID: 32470740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins released by cyanobacteria affect crop growth and productivity, and even food safety. Plant hormones play a vital role in regulating growth, development and stress response in plants. Therefore, we studied the response of hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Zeatin (ZT) and gibberellin (GA3) as well as hormone balances (IAA/ABA, ZT/ABA and GA/ABA) to cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) during stress and recovery periods. Low concentration microcystins (1 μg/L) promoted growth of rice seedlings by increasing levels of IAA, ZT and GA3 and maintaining hormone balances. In addition, the up-regulation of OsYUCCA1 increased IAA level in rice roots by promoting IAA biosynthesis. High concentrations microcystins (10, 100 or1000 μg/L) inhibited growth of rice seedlings by reducing levels of IAA, ZT and GA3 and ratios of IAA/ABA, ZT/ABA and GA/ABA due to increased ABA level. The increase in ABA in rice seedlings induced by high concentrations MCs was resulted from up-regulation of OsNCED1, OsNCED3, OsNCED4 and OsZEP to enhance ABA biosynthesis, and was controlled by up-regulating expression levels of OsABAox1-3 for enhancing ABA catabolism as negative feedback. The highest concentration of MCs (1000 μg/L) caused irreversible damage to metabolisms of IAA and ABA, partly resulting in unrecoverable inhibition on rice growth. All results demonstrate that "low-concentration promotion and high-concentration inhibition" of microcystins was associated with changes in hormone levels and balances by affecting their metabolisms, and could be helpful for guiding agricultural irrigation with microcystin contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Hongyue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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16
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Zhang C, Yi X, Gao X, Wang M, Shao C, Lv Z, Chen J, Liu Z, Shen C. Physiological and biochemical responses of tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis) to simulated acid rain conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110315. [PMID: 32058162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis), widely planted in the south of China, and often exposed to acid rain. However, research concerning the impacts of acid rain on physiology and biochemistry of tea plants is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the influence of simulated acid rain (SAR) on plant height, root length, photosynthetic pigment, Fv/Fm, proline, malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme activity, total nitrogen, caffeine, catechins, and free amino acids. Our results showed that SAR at pH 4.5 did not hinder plant development because growth characteristics, photosynthesis, and ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities did not decrease at this pH compared to those at the other investigated pH values. However, at pH 3.5 and pH 2.5, the activities of antioxidase and concentrations of malondialdehyde and proline increased significantly in response to the decrease of photosynthetic pigments and Fv/Fm. In addition, the increase in acidity increased total nitrogen, certain amino acid content (theanine, cysteine), and decreased catechin and caffeine contents, resulting in an imbalance of the carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Our results indicated that SAR at pH 3.5 and pH 2.5 could restrict photosynthesis and the antioxidant defense system, causing metabolic disorders and ultimately affecting plant development and growth, but SAR at pH 4.5 had no toxic effects on tea seedlings when no other stress factors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chenyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhidong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Center of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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17
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Shu X, Zhang K, Zhang Q, Wang W. Ecophysiological responses of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings to simulated acid rain under different soil types. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109705. [PMID: 31561080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is a global environmental problem. Acid rain can affect plants directly by damaging the leaves and indirectly by soil acidifying. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the impacts of acid rain on plant under a single soil type. However, there is little information on the effect of acid rain on plant under different soil types. Jatropha curcas L. is an energy plant widely distributed in acid rain pollution area with various soil types. In this study, we investigated the effects of acid rain (pH2.5, pH3.5, pH4.5, pH5.6) on the growth, physiology, nutrient elements and bacterial community of J. curcas seedlings under different soil types [Red soils (RS), Yellow soils (YS), Yellow-brown soils (YBS), and Purplish soils (PS)]. Acid rain and soil types significantly influence the growth of J. curcas seedlings, and there was a significant interaction between acid rain and soil types. Acid rain (pH 4.5) was beneficial to the growth of J. curcas seedlings, whereas acid rain (pH 2.5 or 3.5) inhibited growth of J. curcas seedlings. The growth of J. curcas seedlings could resist the stress of acid rain by scavenging and detoxification of active oxygen species in leaves. Combined with the increase in relative growth rate of seedlings treated with simulated acid rain at pH 4.5, we inferred that K can stimulate the growth of seedlings. The lower soil pH, cation exchange capacity and base saturation had stronger inhibitory effects on growth of J. curcas seedlings. YBS and PS were beneficial for growth of J. curcas seedlings by higher buffering capacity under acid rain treatments. The phylum Proteobacteria was found to predominate in rhizosphere soils. YBS was favorable to support Proteobacteria growth and reproduction. The redundancy analysis showed that the Cyanobacteria were favorable to growth of J. curcas seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - KeRong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - QuanFa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - WeiBo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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18
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Saha I, Sarkar B, Ghosh A, De AK, Adak MK. Abscisic acid induced cellular responses of sub1A QTL to aluminium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109600. [PMID: 31509927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) was studied for aluminium (Al) sensitivity through functioning of sub1A quantitative trait loci in rice cultivars. sub1A quantitative trait loci bearing cv. Swarna Sub1 was found almost compatible with non sub1A quantitative trait loci bearing cv. Swarna for abscisic acid accumulation all through the aluminium concentrations. However, abscisic acid was self inductive by over expression of its biosynthetic gene in nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (NCED3) more in cv. Swarna than other. The effect of abscisic acid pretreatment was variable for specific leaf weight, leaf mass ratio and others for the cultivars. Bio-accumulation of aluminium had revealed the sensitivity of toxicity more in cv. Swarna than other. In connection to oxidative stress generation of reactive oxygen species was detected by both histochemical and in vitro assays through hematoxylin, Evans blue and schiff's reactions. Abscisic acid pretreatment had significantly reversed the effects of aluminium toxicity for reactive oxygen species generation. Regardless of varieties sensitivity of aluminium was more prone in shoot than root as detected by nitro blue tetrazolium and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine mediated signalling. Activity in metal chelation in extra cellular spaces monitored through esterase activity and that also established independence of abscisic acid pretreatment for cv. Swarna Sub1. The specific polymorphism of esterase at protein level strengthened the bio-monitoring of aluminium through the rice varieties as well its modulation with abscisic acid. Abscisic acid has been discussed an important effectors to modulate the tolerance pathway of rice cultivars through intrusion of sub1A quantitative trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Saha
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, W.B., India
| | - Bipul Sarkar
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, W.B., India
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, W.B., India
| | - Arnab Kumar De
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, W.B., India
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, W.B., India.
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19
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Ren R, Li D, Zhen C, Chen D, Chen X. Specific roles of Os4BGlu10, Os6BGlu24, and Os9BGlu33 in seed germination, root elongation, and drought tolerance in rice. PLANTA 2019; 249:1851-1861. [PMID: 30848355 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphological, physiological, and gene expression analyses showed that Os4BGlu10, Os6BGlu24, and Os9BGlu33 played specific roles in seed germination, root elongation, and drought tolerance of rice, with various relations with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. β-Glucosidases (BGlus) belong to glycoside hydrolase family 1 and have many functions in plants. In this study, we investigated the function of three BGlus in seed germination, drought tolerance, and root elongation using the loss-of-function mutants bglu10, bglu24, and bglu33. These mutants germinated slightly later under normal conditions and had significantly longer roots than the wild type. In the presence of ABA, bglu10 and bglu24 exhibited a higher germination inhibition percentage, whereas bglu33 had a lower germination inhibition percentage, compared to the wild type. All of the mutants exhibited less drought tolerance, with the survival rates significantly lower than that of the wild type, which was also confirmed by a decrease in relative leaf water content and Fv/Fm ratio after drought treatment. The root length of bglu10 did not respond to IAA, whereas that of bglu24 responded to a high (0.25 µM) concentration of IAA, and that of bglu33 to a low (0.05 µM) concentration of IAA. The root length of bglu10 and bglu24 did not respond to ABA, whereas that of bglu33 increased significantly in response to a high (0.05 µM) concentration of ABA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that expression of Os4BGlu10 was up-regulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG), whereas that of Os6BGlu24 was up-regulated by 0.25 µM IAA, and Os9BGlu33 was up-regulated by PEG, IAA, and ABA. Taken together, we demonstrate that Os4BGlu10, Os6BGlu24, and Os9BGlu33 play specific roles in seed germination, root elongation, and drought tolerance with various relation with IAA and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunyan Zhen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Li Y, Liang C. Exogenous application of Ca 2+ mitigates simulated acid rain stress on soybean productivity and quality by maintaining nutrient absorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4975-4986. [PMID: 30604360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is a global environmental problem that threatens agricultural production. Calcium (Ca), as a signal substance for physiological activities, has been known to regulate plant growth under abiotic stresses. To clarify whether calcium could be one of possible ways to alleviate the reduction caused by acid rain in agricultural production and investigate its regulating mechanism on adaptation of plants under acid rain stress, we studied the effect of exogenous Ca2+ (5 mM CaCl2) on growth of soybean at different growth stages (seedling, flowering-podding, and filling stages) as well as yield and grain quality of soybean under simulated acid rain (pH 4.5 or pH 3.0) stress. We found that the application of Ca2+ could regulate the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, for mitigating the increase of ammonium and the decrease of nitrate and phosphorus in soybean roots, which mitigated the inhibition on growth and improved the yield and grain quality of soybean under simulated acid rain stress. In addition, the alleviating effect of exogenous Ca2+ on soybean was the most significant at seedling stage. The results indicate that the exogenous Ca2+ could enhance the adaptation of soybean and facilitate the recovery of soybean productivity and grain quality under simulated acid rain stress by maintaining the uptake of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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