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Al-Sarraj Y, Taha RZ, Al-Dous E, Ahram D, Abbasi S, Abuazab E, Shaath H, Habbab W, Errafii K, Bejaoui Y, AlMotawa M, Khattab N, Aqel YA, Shalaby KE, Al-Ansari A, Kambouris M, Abouzohri A, Ghazal I, Tolfat M, Alshaban F, El-Shanti H, Albagha OME. The genetic landscape of autism spectrum disorder in the Middle Eastern population. Front Genet 2024; 15:1363849. [PMID: 38572415 PMCID: PMC10987745 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1363849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by aberrations in social interaction and communication associated with repetitive behaviors and interests, with strong clinical heterogeneity. Genetic factors play an important role in ASD, but about 75% of ASD cases have an undetermined genetic risk. Methods: We extensively investigated an ASD cohort made of 102 families from the Middle Eastern population of Qatar. First, we investigated the copy number variations (CNV) contribution using genome-wide SNP arrays. Next, we employed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify de novo or inherited variants contributing to the ASD etiology and its associated comorbid conditions in families with complete trios (affected child and the parents). Results: Our analysis revealed 16 CNV regions located in genomic regions implicated in ASD. The analysis of the 88 ASD cases identified 41 genes in 39 ASD subjects with de novo (n = 24) or inherited variants (n = 22). We identified three novel de novo variants in new candidate genes for ASD (DTX4, ARMC6, and B3GNT3). Also, we have identified 15 de novo variants in genes that were previously implicated in ASD or related neurodevelopmental disorders (PHF21A, WASF1, TCF20, DEAF1, MED13, CREBBP, KDM6B, SMURF1, ADNP, CACNA1G, MYT1L, KIF13B, GRIA2, CHM, and KCNK9). Additionally, we defined eight novel recessive variants (RYR2, DNAH3, TSPYL2, UPF3B KDM5C, LYST, and WNK3), four of which were X-linked. Conclusion: Despite the ASD multifactorial etiology that hinders ASD genetic risk discovery, the number of identified novel or known putative ASD genetic variants was appreciable. Nevertheless, this study represents the first comprehensive characterization of ASD genetic risk in Qatar's Middle Eastern population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Al-Sarraj
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z. Taha
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Al-Dous
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Ahram
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, United States
| | - Somayyeh Abbasi
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman Abuazab
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hibah Shaath
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wesal Habbab
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yosra Bejaoui
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam AlMotawa
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Namat Khattab
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Abu Aqel
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim E. Shalaby
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amina Al-Ansari
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marios Kambouris
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Department, Genetics Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adel Abouzohri
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman Ghazal
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Tolfat
- The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad Alshaban
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem El-Shanti
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Szakats S, McAtamney A, Wilson MJ. Identification of novel microRNAs in the embryonic mouse brain using deep sequencing. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:297-311. [PMID: 37059894 PMCID: PMC10890980 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Many advances in small RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics pipelines have been made recently, permitting the discovery of novel miRNAs in the embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5) mouse brain. We aimed to improve miRNA discovery in this tissue to expand our knowledge of the regulatory networks that underpin normal neurodevelopment, find new candidates for neurodevelopmental disorder aetiology, and deepen our understanding of non-coding RNA evolution. A high-quality small RNA-seq dataset of 458 M reads was generated. An unbiased miRNA discovery pipeline identified fifty putative novel miRNAs, six of which were selected for further validation. A combination of conservation analysis and target functional prediction was used to determine the authenticity of novel miRNA candidates. These findings demonstrate that miRNAs remain to be discovered, particularly if they have the features of other small RNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Szakats
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alice McAtamney
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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3
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Liu X, Gao L, Peng Y, Fang Z, Wang J. PheSom: a term frequency-based method for measuring human phenotype similarity on the basis of MeSH vocabulary. Front Genet 2023; 14:1185790. [PMID: 37496714 PMCID: PMC10366691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1185790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phenotype similarity calculation should be used to help improve drug repurposing. In this study, based on the MeSH terms describing the phenotypes deposited in OMIM, we proposed a method, namely, PheSom (Phenotype Similarity On MeSH), to measure the similarity between phenotypes. PheSom counted the number of overlapping MeSH terms between two phenotypes and then took the weight of every MeSH term within each phenotype into account according to the term frequency-inverse document frequency (FIDC). Phenotype-related genes were used for the evaluation of our method. Results: A 7,739 × 7,739 similarity score matrix was finally obtained and the number of phenotype pairs was dramatically decreased with the increase of similarity score. Besides, the overlapping rates of phenotype-related genes were remarkably increased with the increase of similarity score between phenotypes, which supports the reliability of our method. Conclusion: We anticipate our method can be applied to identifying novel therapeutic methods for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonglin Peng
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghai Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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4
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Li Y, Sun C, Guo Y, Qiu S, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhong W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Liu Y. DIP2C polymorphisms are implicated in susceptibility and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114792. [PMID: 35987071 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disco-interacting protein 2 C (DIP2C) has recently been reported as a new susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a genome-wide association study. METHODS We evaluated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DIP2C and ASD susceptibility in a case-control study (715 ASD cases and 728 controls) from Chinese Han. RESULTS We identified a significant association between SNPs (rs3740304, rs2288681, rs7088729, rs4242757, rs10795060, and rs10904083) and ASD susceptibility. Of note, rs3740304, rs2288681, and rs7088729 are positively associated with ASD under inheritance models; moreover, haplotypes with any two marker SNPs (rs3740304 [G], rs2288681 [C], rs7088729 [T], rs4242757 [C], rs10795060 [G], and rs10904083 [A]) are also significantly associated with ASD. Additionally, rs10795060 and rs10904083 are associated with "visual reaction" phenotypes of ASD. CONCLUSIONS DIP2C polymorphisms sort out the susceptibility and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shengyang 110000, China
| | - Chuanyong Sun
- Northeast Asian Studies Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkai Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weijing Zhong
- Chunguang Rehabilitation Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hedi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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5
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Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis in Multiplex Autism Families from Kazakhstan. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1509994. [PMID: 36199823 PMCID: PMC9529466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1509994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of extended pedigrees containing autism spectrum disorder- (ASD-) related broader autism phenotypes (BAP) offers a promising approach to the search for ASD candidate variants. Here, a total of 650,000 genetic markers were tested in four Kazakhstani multiplex families with ASD and BAP to obtain data on de novo mutations (DNMs), common, and rare inherited variants that may contribute to the genetic risk for developing autistic traits. The variants were analyzed in the context of gene networks and pathways. Several previously well-described enriched pathways were identified, including ion channel activity, regulation of synaptic function, and membrane depolarization. Perhaps these pathways are crucial not only for the development of ASD but also for ВАР. The results also point to several additional biological pathways (circadian entrainment, NCAM and BTN family interactions, and interaction between L1 and Ankyrins) and hub genes (CFTR, NOD2, PPP2R2B, and TTR). The obtained results suggest that further exploration of PPI networks combining ASD and BAP risk genes can be used to identify novel or overlooked ASD molecular mechanisms.
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6
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Alfawaz HA, El-Ansary A, Al-Ayadhi L, Bhat RS, Hassan WM. Protective Effects of Bee Pollen on Multiple Propionic Acid-Induced Biochemical Autistic Features in a Rat Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070571. [PMID: 35888695 PMCID: PMC9323335 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that clinically presented as impaired social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and weakened communication. The use of bee pollen as a supplement rich in amino acids amino acids, vitamins, lipids, and countless bioactive substances may lead to the relief of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and impaired neurochemistry as etiological mechanisms autism. Thirty young male Western albino rats were randomly divided as: Group I-control; Group II, in which autism was induced by the oral administration of 250 mg propionic acid/kg body weight/day for three days followed by orally administered saline until the end of experiment and Group III, the bee pollen-treated group, in which the rats were treated with 250 mg/kg body weight of bee pollen for four weeks before autism was induced as described for Group II. Markers related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neurochemistry were measured in the brain tissue. Our results indicated that while glutathione serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), GABA/Glutamate ratio, and vitamin C were significantly reduced in propionic acid-treated group (p < 0.05), glutamate, IFN-γ, IL-1A, IL-6, caspase-3, and lipid peroxide levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). Bee pollen supplementation demonstrates protective potency presented as amelioration of most of the measured variables with significance range between (p < 0.05)−(p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-508462529; Fax: +966-11-4682184
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wail M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
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7
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Ong-Pålsson E, Njavro JR, Wilson Y, Pigoni M, Schmidt A, Müller SA, Meyer M, Hartmann J, Busche MA, Gunnersen JM, Munro KM, Lichtenthaler SF. The β-Secretase Substrate Seizure 6-Like Protein (SEZ6L) Controls Motor Functions in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1183-1198. [PMID: 34958451 PMCID: PMC8857007 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein seizure 6-like (SEZ6L) is a neuronal substrate of the Alzheimer's disease protease BACE1, and little is known about its physiological function in the nervous system. Here, we show that SEZ6L constitutive knockout mice display motor phenotypes in adulthood, including changes in gait and decreased motor coordination. Additionally, SEZ6L knockout mice displayed increased anxiety-like behaviour, although spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze were normal. Analysis of the gross anatomy and proteome of the adult SEZ6L knockout cerebellum did not reveal any major differences compared to wild type, indicating that lack of SEZ6L in other regions of the nervous system may contribute to the phenotypes observed. In summary, our study establishes physiological functions for SEZ6L in regulating motor coordination and curbing anxiety-related behaviour, indicating that aberrant SEZ6L function in the human nervous system may contribute to movement disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ong-Pålsson
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jasenka Rudan Njavro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvette Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Martina Pigoni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andree Schmidt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152, Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Hartmann
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, Great Britain, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, Great Britain, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jenny M Gunnersen
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn M Munro
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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8
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Nash A, Aumann TD, Pigoni M, Lichtenthaler SF, Takeshima H, Munro KM, Gunnersen JM. Lack of Sez6 Family Proteins Impairs Motor Functions, Short-Term Memory, and Cognitive Flexibility and Alters Dendritic Spine Properties. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2167-2184. [PMID: 31711114 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizure-related gene 6 (Sez6), Sez6-Like (Sez6L), and Sez6-Like 2 (Sez6L2) comprise a family of homologous proteins widely expressed throughout the brain that have been linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we use Sez6 triple knockout (TKO) mice, which lack all three Sez6 family proteins, to demonstrate that Sez6 family proteins regulate dendritic spine structure and cognitive functions, motor learning, and maintenance of motor functions across the lifespan. Compared to WT controls, we found that Sez6 TKO mice had impaired motor learning and their motor coordination was negatively affected from 6 weeks old and declined more rapidly as they aged. Sez6 TKO mice had reduced spine density in the hippocampus and dendritic spines were shifted to more immature morphologies in the somatosensory cortex. Cognitive testing revealed that they had enhanced stress responsiveness, impaired working, and spatial short-term memory but intact spatial long-term memory in the Morris water maze albeit accompanied by a reversal deficit. Our study demonstrates that the lack of Sez6 family proteins results in phenotypes commonly associated with neuropsychiatric disorders making it likely that Sez6 family proteins contribute to the complex etiologies of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Nash
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Martina Pigoni
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kathryn M Munro
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jenny M Gunnersen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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9
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Comparative analysis of the autism‑related variants between different autistic children in a family pedigree. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:697. [PMID: 34368859 PMCID: PMC8365409 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to provide evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of familial autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which might help to improve our understanding of the complex polygenic basis of this disease. Whole‑exome sequencing (WES) was performed on two autistic children in a family pedigree, and reasonable conditions were set for preliminarily screening variant annotations. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the preliminarily screened variants and to determine the possible sources. In addition, autism‑related genes were screened according to autism databases, and their variants were compared between two autistic children. The results showed that there were 21 genes respectively for autistic children Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ4, preliminarily screened from all variants based on the harmfulness (high) and quality (high or medium) of the variants, as well as the association between mutant genes and autism in human gene mutation database. Furthermore, candidate autism‑related genes were screened according to the evidence score of >4 in the Autism KnowledgeBase (AutismKB) database or ≥3 in the AutDB database. A total of 11 and 10 candidate autism‑related genes were identified in the autistic children Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ4, respectively. Candidate genes with an evidence score of >16 in AutismKB were credible autism‑related genes, which included LAMC3, JMJD1C and CACNA1H in child Ⅳ2, as well as SCN1A, SETD5, CHD7 and KCNMA1 in child Ⅳ4. Other than the c.G1499A mutation of SCN1A, which is known to be associated with Dravet syndrome, the specific missense variant loci of other six highly credible putative autism‑related genes were reported for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, in the present study. These credible autism‑related variants were inherited not only from immediate family members but also from extended family members. In summary, the present study established a reasonable and feasible method for screening credible autism‑related genes from WES results, which by be worth extending into clinical practice. The different credible autism‑related genes between the two autistic children indicated a complex polygenic architecture of ASD, which may assist in the early diagnosis of this disease.
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10
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Meng W, Huan Y, Gao Y. Urinary proteome profiling for children with autism using data-independent acquisition proteomics. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1765-1778. [PMID: 34430425 PMCID: PMC8349970 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Objective and reliable biomarkers are crucial for the clinical diagnosis of autism. Urine can accumulate early changes of the whole body and is a sensitive source for disease biomarkers. METHODS The data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy was used to identify differential proteins in the urinary proteome between autistic and non-autistic children aged 3-7 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were developed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of differential proteins. RESULTS A total of 118 differential proteins were identified in the urine between autistic and non-autistic children, of which 18 proteins were reported to be related to autism. Randomized grouping statistical analysis indicated that 91.5% of the differential proteins were reliable. Functional analysis revealed that some differential proteins were associated with axonal guidance signaling, endocannabinoid developing neuron pathway, synaptic long-term depression, agrin interactions at neuromuscular junction, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) signaling and synaptogenesis signaling pathway. The combination of cadherin-related family member 5 (CDHR5) and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B (VPS4B) showed the best discriminative performance between autistic and non-autistic children with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.987. CONCLUSIONS The urinary proteome could distinguish between autistic children and non-autistic children. This study will provide a promising approach for future biomarker research of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Meng
- Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Huan
- Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Qiu WQ, Luo S, Ma SA, Saminathan P, Li H, Gunnersen JM, Gelbard HA, Hammond JW. The Sez6 Family Inhibits Complement by Facilitating Factor I Cleavage of C3b and Accelerating the Decay of C3 Convertases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607641. [PMID: 33936031 PMCID: PMC8081827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sez6 family consists of Sez6, Sez6L, and Sez6L2. Its members are expressed throughout the brain and have been shown to influence synapse numbers and dendritic morphology. They are also linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. All Sez6 family members contain 2-3 CUB domains and 5 complement control protein (CCP) domains, suggesting that they may be involved in complement regulation. We show that Sez6 family members inhibit C3b/iC3b opsonization by the classical and alternative pathways with varying degrees of efficacy. For the classical pathway, Sez6 is a strong inhibitor, Sez6L2 is a moderate inhibitor, and Sez6L is a weak inhibitor. For the alternative pathway, the complement inhibitory activity of Sez6, Sez6L, and Sez6L2 all equaled or exceeded the activity of the known complement regulator MCP. Using Sez6L2 as the representative family member, we show that it specifically accelerates the dissociation of C3 convertases. Sez6L2 also functions as a cofactor for Factor I to facilitate the cleavage of C3b; however, Sez6L2 has no cofactor activity toward C4b. In summary, the Sez6 family are novel complement regulators that inhibit C3 convertases and promote C3b degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Q Qiu
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Shaopeiwen Luo
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stefanie A Ma
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Priyanka Saminathan
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Herman Li
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jenny M Gunnersen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jennetta W Hammond
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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12
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Toma C, Shaw AD, Heath A, Pierce KD, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR, Fullerton JM. A linkage and exome study of multiplex families with bipolar disorder implicates rare coding variants of ANK3 and additional rare alleles at 10q11-q21. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E247-E257. [PMID: 33729739 PMCID: PMC8061732 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric condition for which specific genetic factors remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used combined whole-exome sequencing and linkage analysis to identify risk loci and dissect the contribution of common and rare variants in families with a high density of illness. METHODS Overall, 117 participants from 15 Australian extended families with bipolar disorder (72 with affective disorder, including 50 with bipolar disorder type I or II, 13 with schizoaffective disorder-manic type and 9 with recurrent unipolar disorder) underwent whole-exome sequencing. We performed genome-wide linkage analysis using MERLIN and conditional linkage analysis using LAMP. We assessed the contribution of potentially functional rare variants using a genebased segregation test. RESULTS We identified a significant linkage peak on chromosome 10q11-q21 (maximal single nucleotide polymorphism = rs10761725; exponential logarithm of the odds [LODexp] = 3.03; empirical p = 0.046). The linkage interval spanned 36 protein-coding genes, including a gene associated with bipolar disorder, ankyrin 3 (ANK3). Conditional linkage analysis showed that common ANK3 risk variants previously identified in genome-wide association studies - or variants in linkage disequilibrium with those variants - did not explain the linkage signal (rs10994397 LOD = 0.63; rs9804190 LOD = 0.04). A family-based segregation test with 34 rare variants from 14 genes under the linkage interval suggested rare variant contributions of 3 brain-expressed genes: NRBF2 (p = 0.005), PCDH15 (p = 0.002) and ANK3 (p = 0.014). LIMITATIONS We did not examine non-coding variants, but they may explain the remaining linkage signal. CONCLUSION Combining family-based linkage analysis with next-generation sequencing data is effective for identifying putative disease genes and specific risk variants in complex disorders. We identified rare missense variants in ANK3, PCDH15 and NRBF2 that could confer disease risk, providing valuable targets for functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Toma
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Alex D Shaw
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Anna Heath
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Kerrie D Pierce
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Peter R Schofield
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- From Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Heath, Pierce, Schofield); the School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Toma, Shaw, Schofield, Fullerton); the Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Toma); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell); and the Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia (Mitchell)
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13
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Pujol-Gualdo N, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Soler Artigas M. Integrating genomics and transcriptomics: Towards deciphering ADHD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:1-13. [PMID: 33495110 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable condition that represents the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, persisting into adulthood in around 40-65% of the cases. ADHD is characterised by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Mounting evidence points towards ADHD having a strong genetic component and the first genome-wide significant findings have recently been reported. However, the functional characterization of variants unravelled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is challenging. Likewise, gene expression profiling studies have also been undertaken and novel integrative approaches combining genomic and transcriptomic data are starting to be conducted, which offers an exciting way that might provide a more informative insight towards the genetic architecture of ADHD. In this review, we summarised current knowledge on genomics, transcriptomics and integrative approaches in ADHD, focusing on GWAS and GWAS meta-analyses (GWAS-MA)- as genomics analyses- microarray and RNA-seq- as transcriptomics analyses-, and studies integrating genomics and transcriptomics data. In addition, current strengths and limitations of such approaches are discussed and further research avenues are proposed in order to face unsolved issues. Although important progress has been made, there is still a long way ahead to elucidate the biological mechanisms of ADHD, which eventually may lead to more personalized approaches in the future. Large- scale research efforts and new technological and statistical approaches are envisaged as important means towards deciphering ADHD in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Pujol-Gualdo
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Trevis KJ, Brown NJ, Green CC, Lockhart PJ, Desai T, Vick T, Anderson V, Pua EPK, Bahlo M, Delatycki MB, Scheffer IE, Wilson SJ. Tracing Autism Traits in Large Multiplex Families to Identify Endophenotypes of the Broader Autism Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7965. [PMID: 33120939 PMCID: PMC7663259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Families comprising many individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may carry a dominant predisposing mutation. We implemented rigorous phenotyping of the "Broader Autism Phenotype" (BAP) in large multiplex ASD families using a novel endophenotype approach for the identification and characterisation of distinct BAP endophenotypes. We evaluated ASD/BAP features using standardised tests and a semi-structured interview to assess social, intellectual, executive and adaptive functioning in 110 individuals, including two large multiplex families (Family A: 30; Family B: 35) and an independent sample of small families (n = 45). Our protocol identified four distinct psychological endophenotypes of the BAP that were evident across these independent samples, and showed high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (82%) for individuals classified with the BAP. Patterns of inheritance of identified endophenotypes varied between the two large multiplex families, supporting their utility for identifying genes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta J. Trevis
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (K.J.T.); (C.C.G.); (T.D.); (E.P.K.P.); (I.E.S.)
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Natasha J. Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (N.J.B.); (M.B.D.)
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Cherie C. Green
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (K.J.T.); (C.C.G.); (T.D.); (E.P.K.P.); (I.E.S.)
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Paul J. Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tarishi Desai
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (K.J.T.); (C.C.G.); (T.D.); (E.P.K.P.); (I.E.S.)
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Tanya Vick
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Psychological Service, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emmanuel P. K. Pua
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (K.J.T.); (C.C.G.); (T.D.); (E.P.K.P.); (I.E.S.)
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (N.J.B.); (M.B.D.)
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (K.J.T.); (C.C.G.); (T.D.); (E.P.K.P.); (I.E.S.)
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (N.J.B.); (M.B.D.)
- Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (K.J.T.); (C.C.G.); (T.D.); (E.P.K.P.); (I.E.S.)
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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15
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Rovira P, Demontis D, Sánchez-Mora C, Zayats T, Klein M, Mota NR, Weber H, Garcia-Martínez I, Pagerols M, Vilar-Ribó L, Arribas L, Richarte V, Corrales M, Fadeuilhe C, Bosch R, Martin GE, Almos P, Doyle AE, Grevet EH, Grimm O, Halmøy A, Hoogman M, Hutz M, Jacob CP, Kittel-Schneider S, Knappskog PM, Lundervold AJ, Rivero O, Rovaris DL, Salatino-Oliveira A, da Silva BS, Svirin E, Sprooten E, Strekalova T, Arias-Vasquez A, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Asherson P, Bau CHD, Buitelaar JK, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Haavik J, Johansson SE, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Lesch KP, Reif A, Rohde LA, Casas M, Børglum AD, Franke B, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Soler Artigas M, Ribasés M. Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1617-1626. [PMID: 32279069 PMCID: PMC7419307 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that persist into adulthood in the majority of the diagnosed children. Despite several risk factors during childhood predicting the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, the genetic architecture underlying the trajectory of ADHD over time is still unclear. We set out to study the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk for ADHD across the lifespan by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies on persistent ADHD in adults and ADHD in childhood separately and jointly, and by comparing the genetic background between them in a total sample of 17,149 cases and 32,411 controls. Our results show nine new independent loci and support a shared contribution of common genetic variants to ADHD in children and adults. No subgroup heterogeneity was observed among children, while this group consists of future remitting and persistent individuals. We report similar patterns of genetic correlation of ADHD with other ADHD-related datasets and different traits and disorders among adults, children, and when combining both groups. These findings confirm that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and extend the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rovira
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics), and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris Garcia-Martínez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Medicina Transfusional, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena Arribas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christian Fadeuilhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Español Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Peter Almos
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alysa E Doyle
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian P Jacob
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Per M Knappskog
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olga Rivero
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelica Salatino-Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Evgeniy Svirin
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, of Neuroscience, and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan E Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miquel Casas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics), and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Torrico B, Antón-Galindo E, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Rojo-Francàs E, Ghorbani S, Pineda-Cirera L, Hervás A, Rueda I, Moreno E, Fullerton JM, Casadó V, Buitelaar JK, Rommelse N, Franke B, Reif A, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag C, Kleppe R, Haavik J, Toma C, Cormand B. Involvement of the 14-3-3 Gene Family in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia: Genetics, Transcriptomics and Functional Analyses. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1851. [PMID: 32545830 PMCID: PMC7356291 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family are molecular chaperones involved in several biological functions and neurological diseases. We previously pinpointed YWHAZ (encoding 14-3-3ζ) as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through a whole-exome sequencing study, which identified a frameshift variant within the gene (c.659-660insT, p.L220Ffs*18). Here, we explored the contribution of the seven human 14-3-3 family members in ASD and other psychiatric disorders by investigating the: (i) functional impact of the 14-3-3ζ mutation p.L220Ffs*18 by assessing solubility, target binding and dimerization; (ii) contribution of common risk variants in 14-3-3 genes to ASD and additional psychiatric disorders; (iii) burden of rare variants in ASD and schizophrenia; and iv) 14-3-3 gene expression using ASD and schizophrenia transcriptomic data. We found that the mutant 14-3-3ζ protein had decreased solubility and lost its ability to form heterodimers and bind to its target tyrosine hydroxylase. Gene-based analyses using publicly available datasets revealed that common variants in YWHAE contribute to schizophrenia (p = 6.6 × 10-7), whereas ultra-rare variants were found enriched in ASD across the 14-3-3 genes (p = 0.017) and in schizophrenia for YWHAZ (meta-p = 0.017). Furthermore, expression of 14-3-3 genes was altered in post-mortem brains of ASD and schizophrenia patients. Our study supports a role for the 14-3-3 family in ASD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Torrico
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ester Antón-Galindo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Eva Rojo-Francàs
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sadaf Ghorbani
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N5009 Bergen, Norway; (S.G.); (R.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Amaia Hervás
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (A.H.); (I.R.)
- IGAIN, Global Institute of Integral Attention to Neurodevelopment, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Rueda
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (A.H.); (I.R.)
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Andreas G. Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Christine Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Autism Research and Intervention Center of Excellence Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N5009 Bergen, Norway; (S.G.); (R.K.); (J.H.)
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N5009 Bergen, Norway; (S.G.); (R.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Claudio Toma
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Prevosti Building, floor 2, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.T.); (E.A.-G.); (N.F.-C.); (E.R.-F.); (L.P.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (V.C.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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Harich B, Klein M, Ockeloen CW, van der Voet M, Schimmel‐Naber M, de Leeuw N, Schenck A, Franke B. From man to fly - convergent evidence links FBXO25 to ADHD and comorbid psychiatric phenotypes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:545-555. [PMID: 31849056 PMCID: PMC7217029 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), have a complex etiology, and identification of underlying genetic risk factors is challenging. This study used a multistep approach to identify and validate a novel risk gene for ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS In a single family, severely affected by ADHD and cooccurring disorders, we applied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis to detect copy-number variations (CNVs) linked to disease. Genes present in the identified CNV were subsequently tested for their association with ADHD in the largest data set currently available (n = 55,374); this gene-set and gene-based association analyses were based on common genetic variants. Significant findings were taken forward for functional validation using Drosophila melanogaster as biological model system, altering gene expression using the GAL4-UAS system and a pan-neuronal driver, and subsequently characterizing locomotor activity and sleep as functional readouts. RESULTS We identified a copy number gain in 8p23.3, which segregated with psychiatric phenotypes in the family and was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Common genetic variants in this locus were associated with ADHD, especially those in FBXO25 and TDRP. Overexpression of the FBXO25 orthologue in two Drosophila models consistently led to increased locomotor activity and reduced sleep compared with the genetic background control. CONCLUSIONS We combine ADHD risk gene identification in an individual family with genetic association testing in a large case-control data set and functional validation in a model system, together providing an important illustration of an integrative approach suggesting that FBXO25 contributes to key features of ADHD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryUMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W. Ockeloen
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Monique van der Voet
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marlies Schimmel‐Naber
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human GeneticsDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychiatryDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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18
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Identification of ADHD risk genes in extended pedigrees by combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2047-2057. [PMID: 30116028 PMCID: PMC7473839 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic background, hampering identification of underlying genetic risk factors. We hypothesized that combining linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in multi-generation pedigrees with multiple affected individuals can point toward novel ADHD genes. Three families with multiple ADHD-affected members (Ntotal = 70) and apparent dominant inheritance pattern were included in this study. Genotyping was performed in 37 family members, and WES was additionally carried out in 10 of those. Linkage analysis was performed using multi-point analysis in Superlink Online SNP 1.1. From prioritized linkage regions with a LOD score ≥ 2, a total of 24 genes harboring rare variants were selected. Those genes were taken forward and were jointly analyzed in gene-set analyses of exome-chip data using the MAGMA software in an independent sample of patients with persistent ADHD and healthy controls (N = 9365). The gene-set including all 24 genes together, and particularly the gene-set from one of the three families (12 genes), were significantly associated with persistent ADHD in this sample. Among the latter, gene-wide analysis for the AAED1 gene reached significance. A rare variant (rs151326868) within AAED1 segregated with ADHD in one of the families. The analytic strategy followed here is an effective approach for identifying novel ADHD risk genes. Additionally, this study suggests that both rare and more frequent variants in multiple genes act together in contributing to ADHD risk, even in individual multi-case families.
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19
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Alonso-Gonzalez A, Calaza M, Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Carracedo A. Gene-based analysis of ADHD using PASCAL: a biological insight into the novel associated genes. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:143. [PMID: 31651322 PMCID: PMC6813133 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) which may significantly impact on the affected individual’s life. ADHD is acknowledged to have a high heritability component (70–80%). Recently, a meta-analysis of GWAS (Genome Wide Association Studies) has demonstrated the association of several independent loci. Our main aim here, is to apply PASCAL (pathway scoring algorithm), a new gene-based analysis (GBA) method, to the summary statistics obtained in this meta-analysis. PASCAL will take into account the linkage disequilibrium (LD) across genomic regions in a different way than the most commonly employed GBA methods (MAGMA or VEGAS (Versatile Gene-based Association Study)). In addition to PASCAL analysis a gene network and an enrichment analysis for KEGG and GO terms were carried out. Moreover, GENE2FUNC tool was employed to create gene expression heatmaps and to carry out a (DEG) (Differentially Expressed Gene) analysis using GTEX v7 and BrainSpan data. Results PASCAL results have revealed the association of new loci with ADHD and it has also highlighted other genes previously reported by MAGMA analysis. PASCAL was able to discover new associations at a gene level for ADHD: FEZF1 (p-value: 2.2 × 10− 7) and FEZF1-AS1 (p-value: 4.58 × 10− 7). In addition, PASCAL has been able to highlight association of other genes that share the same LD block with some previously reported ADHD susceptibility genes. Gene network analysis has revealed several interactors with the associated ADHD genes and different GO and KEGG terms have been associated. In addition, GENE2FUNC has demonstrated the existence of several up and down regulated expression clusters when the associated genes and their interactors were considered. Conclusions PASCAL has been revealed as an efficient tool to extract additional information from previous GWAS using their summary statistics. This study has identified novel ADHD associated genes that were not previously reported when other GBA methods were employed. Moreover, a biological insight into the biological function of the ADHD associated genes across brain regions and neurodevelopmental stages is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Alonso-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Fontenla
- Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIBERER, CIMUS (Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Grupo de Medicina Genómica, CIBERER, CIMUS (Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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20
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Chan D, Shao X, Dumargne MC, Aarabi M, Simon MM, Kwan T, Bailey JL, Robaire B, Kimmins S, San Gabriel MC, Zini A, Librach C, Moskovtsev S, Grundberg E, Bourque G, Pastinen T, Trasler JM. Customized MethylC-Capture Sequencing to Evaluate Variation in the Human Sperm DNA Methylome Representative of Altered Folate Metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:87002. [PMID: 31393794 PMCID: PMC6792365 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sperm DNA methylation landscape is unique and critical for offspring health. If gamete-derived DNA methylation escapes reprograming in early embryos, epigenetic defects in sperm may be transmitted to the next generation. Current techniques to assess sperm DNA methylation show bias toward CpG-dense regions and do not target areas of dynamic methylation, those predicted to be environmentally sensitive and tunable regulatory elements. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to assess variation in human sperm DNA methylation and design a targeted capture panel to interrogate the human sperm methylome. METHODS To characterize variation in sperm DNA methylation, we performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on an equimolar pool of sperm DNA from a wide cross section of 30 men varying in age, fertility status, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype, and exposures. With our targeted capture panel, in individual samples, we examined the effect of MTHFR genotype ([Formula: see text] 677CC, [Formula: see text] 677TT), as well as high-dose folic acid supplementation ([Formula: see text], per genotype, before and after supplementation). RESULTS Through WGBS we discovered nearly 1 million CpGs possessing intermediate methylation levels (20-80%), termed dynamic sperm CpGs. These dynamic CpGs, along with 2 million commonly assessed CpGs, were used to customize a capture panel for targeted interrogation of the human sperm methylome and test its ability to detect effects of altered folate metabolism. As compared with MTHFR 677CC men, those with the 677TT genotype (50% decreased MTHFR activity) had both hyper- and hypomethylation in their sperm. High-dose folic acid supplement treatment exacerbated hypomethylation in MTHFR 677TT men compared with 677CC. In both cases, [Formula: see text] of altered methylation was found in dynamic sperm CpGs, uniquely measured by our assay. DISCUSSION Our sperm panel allowed the discovery of differential methylation following conditions affecting folate metabolism in novel dynamic sperm CpGs. Improved ability to examine variation in sperm DNA methylation can facilitate comprehensive studies of environment-epigenome interactions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Chan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Shao
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Charlotte Dumargne
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Animal Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Aarabi
- Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tony Kwan
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janice L. Bailey
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Animal Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria C. San Gabriel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Armand Zini
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clifford Librach
- Canadian Reproductive Assisted Technology (CReATe) Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergey Moskovtsev
- Canadian Reproductive Assisted Technology (CReATe) Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacquetta M. Trasler
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Patowary A, Won SY, Oh SJ, Nesbitt RR, Archer M, Nickerson D, Raskind WH, Bernier R, Lee JE, Brkanac Z. Family-based exome sequencing and case-control analysis implicate CEP41 as an ASD gene. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30664616 PMCID: PMC6341097 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been successfully applied to gene identification in de novo ASD, the genetic architecture of familial ASD remains largely unexplored. Our approach, which leverages the high specificity and sensitivity of NGS technology, has focused on rare variants in familial autism. We used NGS exome sequencing in 26 families with distantly related affected individuals to identify genes with private gene disrupting and missense variants of interest (VOI). We found that the genes carrying VOIs were enriched for biological processes related to cell projection organization and neuron development, which is consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of ASD. For a subset of genes carrying VOIs, we then used targeted NGS sequencing and gene-based variant burden case-control analysis to test for association with ASD. Missense variants in one gene, CEP41, associated significantly with ASD (p = 6.185e-05). Homozygous gene-disrupting variants in CEP41 were initially found to be responsible for recessive Joubert syndrome. Using a zebrafish model, we evaluated the mechanism by which the CEP41 variants might contribute to ASD. We found that CEP41 missense variants affect development of the axonal tract, cranial neural crest migration and social behavior phenotype. Our work demonstrates the involvement of CEP41 heterozygous missense variants in ASD and that biological processes involved in cell projection organization and neuron development are enriched in ASD families we have studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Patowary
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - So Yeon Won
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Ji Oh
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryan R Nesbitt
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Marilyn Archer
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Debbie Nickerson
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Wendy H. Raskind
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Medical Science Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Zoran Brkanac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Ganesh S, Ahmed P. H, Nadella RK, More RP, Seshadri M, Viswanath B, Rao M, Jain S, Mukherjee O. Exome sequencing in families with severe mental illness identifies novel and rare variants in genes implicated in Mendelian neuropsychiatric syndromes. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:11-19. [PMID: 30367527 PMCID: PMC7380025 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are highly heritable, and have a complex pattern of inheritance. Genome-wide association studies detect a part of the heritability, which can be attributed to common genetic variation. Examination of rare variants with next-generation sequencing may add to the understanding of the genetic architecture of SMI. METHODS We analyzed 32 ill subjects from eight multiplex families and 33 healthy individuals using whole-exome sequencing. Prioritized variants were selected by a three-step filtering process, which included: deleteriousness by five in silico algorithms; sharing within families by affected individuals; rarity in South Asian sample estimated using the Exome Aggregation Consortium data; and complete absence of these variants in control individuals from the same gene pool. RESULTS We identified 42 rare, non-synonymous deleterious variants (~5 per pedigree) in this study. None of the variants were shared across families, indicating a 'private' mutational profile. Twenty (47.6%) of the variant harboring genes were previously reported to contribute to the risk of diverse neuropsychiatric syndromes, nine (21.4%) of which were of Mendelian inheritance. These included genes carrying novel deleterious variants, such as the GRM1 gene implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia 44 and the NIPBL gene implicated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. CONCLUSION Next-generation sequencing approaches in family-based studies are useful to identify novel and rare variants in genes for complex disorders like SMI. The findings of the study suggest a potential phenotypic burden of rare variants in Mendelian disease genes, indicating pleiotropic effects in the etiology of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganesh
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group at YaleYale UniversityConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Ravi K. Nadella
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Ravi P. More
- National Centre for Biological SciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Manasa Seshadri
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Mahendra Rao
- Centre for Brain Development and RepairInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineBengaluruIndia
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Odity Mukherjee
- Centre for Brain Development and RepairInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineBengaluruIndia
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23
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Persson ME, Sundman AS, Halldén LL, Trottier AJ, Jensen P. Sociality genes are associated with human-directed social behaviour in golden and Labrador retriever dogs. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5889. [PMID: 30416887 PMCID: PMC6225837 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dogs have human-directed social skills that allow them to communicate and cooperate with humans. We have previously identified two loci on chromosome 26 associated with human contact-seeking behaviors during an unsolvable problem task in laboratory beagles (Persson et al., 2016). The aim of the present study was to verify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in additional dog breeds. We also studied how the allele frequencies have changed during domestication and recent selection. Methods Dogs of two breeds, 61 golden retrievers and 100 Labrador retrievers, were phenotyped and genotyped, and 19 wolves were genotyped. The Labrador retrievers were divided into common and field type by pedigree data to make it possible to study the effects of recent selection. All dogs were tested in an unsolvable problem task where human-directed social behaviors were scored. DNA from dogs (buccal swabs) and wolves (blood or brain tissue) was analyzed for genotype on two of the previously identified SNP markers, BICF2G630798942 (SNP1) and BICF2S23712114 (SNP2), by pyrosequencing. Results There was genetic variation for SNP1 in both dog breeds whereas the wolves were fixed for this polymorphism, and for SNP2 there was variation in both dogs and wolves. For both SNPs, Labrador retriever types differed significantly in allele frequencies. We found associations between SNPs and human-directed social behavior in both dog breeds. In golden retrievers, SNP1 was associated with physical contact variables, for example, with the duration of physical contact with the owner (F 2,56 = 4.389, p = 0.017). SNP2 was associated with several behavioral variables in both breeds, among others owner gazing frequency in both golden retrievers (F 2,55 = 6.330, p = 0.003) and Labradors (F 1,93 = 5.209, p = 0.025). Discussion Our results verify the association between the previously identified SNPs and human-directed social behavior scored in an unsolvable problem task. Differences in allele frequencies suggest that these loci have been affected by selection. The results indicate that these genomic regions are involved in human-directed social behavior in not only beagles but in other dog breeds as well. We hypothesize that they may have been important during dog domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia E Persson
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sundman
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lise-Lotte Halldén
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Agaia J Trottier
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Schäfer N, Friedrich M, Jørgensen ME, Kollert S, Koepsell H, Wischmeyer E, Lesch KP, Geiger D, Döring F. Functional analysis of a triplet deletion in the gene encoding the sodium glucose transporter 3, a potential risk factor for ADHD. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205109. [PMID: 30286162 PMCID: PMC6171906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporters (SGLT) belong to the solute carrier 5 family, which is characterized by sodium dependent transport of sugars and other solutes. In contrast, the human SGLT3 (hSGLT3) isoform, encoded by SLC5A4, acts as a glucose sensor that does not transport sugar but induces membrane depolarization by Na+ currents upon ligand binding. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of several extended pedigrees with high density of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identified a triplet ATG deletion in SLC5A4 leading to a single amino acid loss (ΔM500) in the hSGLT3 protein imperfectly co-segregating with the clinical phenotype of ADHD. Since mutations in homologous domains of hSGLT1 and hSGLT2 were found to affect intestinal and renal function, respectively, we analyzed the functional properties of hSGLT3[wt] and [ΔM500] by voltage clamp and current clamp recordings from cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. The cation conductance of hSGLT3[wt] was activated by application of glucose or the specific agonist 1-desoxynojirimycin (DNJ) as revealed by inward currents in the voltage clamp configuration and cell depolarization in the current clamp mode. Almost no currents and changes in membrane potential were observed when glucose or DNJ were applied to hSGLT3[ΔM500]-injected oocytes, demonstrating a loss of function by this amino acid deletion in hSGLT3. To monitor membrane targeting of wt and mutant hSGLT3, fusion constructs with YFP were generated, heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzed for membrane fluorescence by confocal microscopy. In comparison to hSGLT3[wt] the fluorescent signal of mutant [ΔM500] was reduced by 43% indicating that the mutant phenotype might mainly result from inaccurate membrane targeting. As revealed by homology modeling, residue M500 is located in TM11 suggesting that in addition to the core structure (TM1-TM10) of the transporter, the surrounding TMs are equally crucial for transport/sensor function. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the deletion [ΔM500] in hSGLT3 inhibits membrane targeting and thus largely disrupts glucose-induced sodium conductance, which may, in interaction with other ADHD risk-related gene variants, influence the risk for ADHD in deletion carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Friedrich
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Morten Egevang Jørgensen
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Kollert
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erhard Wischmeyer
- Division of Molecular Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health,University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Döring
- Division of Molecular Electrophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health,University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Chapman NH, Bernier RA, Webb SJ, Munson J, Blue EM, Chen DH, Heigham E, Raskind WH, Wijsman EM. Replication of a rare risk haplotype on 1p36.33 for autism spectrum disorder. Hum Genet 2018; 137:807-815. [PMID: 30276537 PMCID: PMC6309233 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In genetically heterogeneous conditions, large families with multiple affected individuals provide strong evidence implicating a rare variant, and replication of the same variant in multiple families is unusual. We previously published linkage analyses and follow-up exome sequencing in seven large families with ASDs, implicating 14 rare exome variants. These included rs200195897, which was transmitted to four affected individuals in one family. We attempted replication of those variants in the MSSNG database. MSSNG is a unique resource for replication of ASD risk loci, containing whole genome sequence (WGS) on thousands of individuals diagnosed with ASDs and family members. For each exome variant, we obtained all carriers and their relatives in MSSNG, using a TDT test to quantify evidence for transmission and association. We replicated the transmission of rs200195897 to four affected individuals in three additional families. rs200195897 was also present in three singleton affected individuals, and no unaffected individuals other than transmitting parents. We identified two additional rare variants (rs566472488 and rs185038034) transmitted with rs200195897 on 1p36.33. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of these variants in the original family segregating rs200195897. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a rare haplotype being transmitted with ASD in multiple families. The candidate risk variants include a missense mutation in SAMD11, an intronic variant in NOC2L, and a regulatory region variant close to both genes. NOC2L is a transcription repressor, and several genes involved in transcription regulation have been previously associated with ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Chapman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359460, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - S J Webb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J Munson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - E M Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359460, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - D-H Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - E Heigham
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - W H Raskind
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359460, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ellen M Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359460, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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26
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Woodbury-Smith M, Paterson AD, O'Connor I, Zarrei M, Yuen RKC, Howe JL, Thompson A, Parlier M, Fernandez B, Piven J, Scherer SW, Vieland V, Szatmari P. A genome-wide linkage study of autism spectrum disorder and the broad autism phenotype in extended pedigrees. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:20. [PMID: 29890955 PMCID: PMC5996536 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several genetic variants for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have now been identified, these largely occur sporadically or are de novo. Much less progress has been made in identifying inherited variants, even though the disorder itself is familial in the majority of cases. The objective of this study was to identify chromosomal regions that harbor inherited variants increasing the risk for ASD using an approach that examined both ASD and the broad autism phenotype (BAP) among a unique sample of extended pedigrees. METHODS ASD and BAP were assessed using standardized tools in 28 pedigrees from Canada and the USA, each with at least three ASD-diagnosed individuals from two nuclear families. Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed using the posterior probability of linkage (PPL) statistic, a quasi-Bayesian method that provides strength of evidence for or against linkage in an essentially model-free manner, with outcomes on the probability scale. RESULTS The results confirm appreciable interfamilial heterogeneity as well as a high level of intrafamilial heterogeneity. Both ASD and combined ASD/BAP specific loci are apparent. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of subclinical phenotypes such as BAP should be more widely employed in genetic studies of ASD as a way of identifying inherited genetic variants for the disorder. Moreover, the results underscore the need for approaches to identifying genetic risk factors in extended pedigrees that are robust to high levels of inter/intrafamilial locus and allelic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK. .,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan Parlier
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bridget Fernandez
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronica Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Green CC, Dissanayake C, Loesch DZ, Bui M, Barbaro J. Skeletal Growth Dysregulation in Australian Male Infants and Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2018; 11:846-856. [PMID: 29624910 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are larger in size for head circumference (HC), height, and weight compared to typically developing (TD) children; however, little is known about their rate of growth, especially in height and weight. The current study aimed to: (a) confirm and extend upon previous findings of early generalized overgrowth in ASD; and (b) determine if there were any differences in the rate of growth between infants and toddlers with ASD compared to their TD peers. Measurements of HC, height, and weight were available for 135 boys with ASD and 74 TD boys, from birth through 3 years of age. Size and growth rate in HC, height, and weight were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. Infants with ASD were significantly smaller in size at birth for HC, body length, and weight compared to TD infants (all P < 0.05); however, they grew at a significantly faster rate in HC and height in comparison to the TD children (P < 0.001); there was no significant difference between the groups in growth rate for weight (P > 0.05). The results confirmed that male infants and toddlers with ASD exhibit skeletal growth dysregulation early in life. Autism Res 2018, 11: 846-856. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Recent findings suggest that infants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are smaller in size at birth compared to typically developing infants but grow larger than their peers during the first year. Little is known about their rate of growth, especially for height and weight. Our findings confirmed that infants with ASD are smaller in size at birth for head circumference (HC), height, and weight, but grow at a faster rate in HC and height than their peers from birth to 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie C Green
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danuta Z Loesch
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine Barbaro
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Yousaf R, Gu C, Ahmed ZM, Khan SN, Friedman TB, Riazuddin S, Shears SB, Riazuddin S. Mutations in Diphosphoinositol-Pentakisphosphate Kinase PPIP5K2 are associated with hearing loss in human and mouse. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007297. [PMID: 29590114 PMCID: PMC5891075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Here, we report a severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss locus, DFNB100 on chromosome 5q13.2-q23.2. Exome enrichment followed by massive parallel sequencing revealed a c.2510G>A transition variant in PPIP5K2 that segregated with DFNB100-associated hearing loss in two large apparently unrelated Pakistani families. PPIP5Ks enzymes interconvert 5-IP7 and IP8, two key members of the inositol pyrophosphate (PP-IP) cell-signaling family. Their actions at the interface of cell signaling and bioenergetic homeostasis can impact many biological processes. The c.2510G>A transition variant is predicted to substitute a highly invariant arginine residue with histidine (p.Arg837His) in the phosphatase domain of PPIP5K2. Biochemical studies revealed that the p.Arg837His variant reduces the phosphatase activity of PPIP5K2 and elevates its kinase activity. We found that in mouse inner ear, PPIP5K2 is expressed in the cochlear and vestibular sensory hair cells, supporting cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the Ppip5k2 phosphatase domain exhibit degeneration of cochlear outer hair cells and elevated hearing thresholds. Our demonstration that PPIP5K2 has a role in hearing in humans indicates that PP-IP signaling is important to hair cell maintenance and function within inner ear. Exome sequencing coupled with homozygosity mapping was used to identify a missense variant [c.2510G>A; p.(Arg837His)] in PPIP5K2 at the DFNB100 locus that is associated with nonsyndromic, prelingual sensorineural deafness in two large consanguineous Pakistani families. PPIP5Ks are pivotal enzymes for regulating inositol pyrophosphate (PP-IP) turnover. Biochemical analyses revealed that, compared to wild type human PPIP5K2, the PPIP5K2R837H variant exhibited lower phosphatase activity and higher kinase activity, indicating that it promotes increased metabolic flux from 5-IP7 to IP8 in vivo. In rodent inner ears, PPIP5K2 immunoreactivity was observed in the cochlear and vestibular hair cells, supporting cells, and spiral ganglion neurons. Mouse mutants homozygous for the targeted deletion of Ppip5k2 phosphatase domain exhibit degeneration of cochlear outer hair cells and progressive hearing loss. Our work provides the first description of any amino acid variant of PPIP5K2 that is both functionally-significant and associates with a human disorder. The ‘futile cycling’ of the kinase/phosphatase activity of PPIP5K2 makes inner ear function particularly susceptible to even minor changes in the phosphatase activity of PPIP5K2. We have shown that a pathogenic variant in PPIP5K2 is associated with hearing loss in humans. Thus, PPIP5K2 is given new clinical significance by our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Yousaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Chunfang Gu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Shaheen N. Khan
- National Center for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Section on Human Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Stephen B. Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rubinstein M, Patowary A, Stanaway IB, McCord E, Nesbitt RR, Archer M, Scheuer T, Nickerson D, Raskind WH, Wijsman EM, Bernier R, Catterall WA, Brkanac Z. Association of rare missense variants in the second intracellular loop of Na V1.7 sodium channels with familial autism. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:231-239. [PMID: 27956748 PMCID: PMC5468514 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder often accompanied by intellectual disability, language impairment and medical co-morbidities. The heritability of autism is high and multiple genes have been implicated as causal. However, most of these genes have been identified in de novo cases. To further the understanding of familial autism, we performed whole-exome sequencing on five families in which second- and third-degree relatives were affected. By focusing on novel and protein-altering variants, we identified a small set of candidate genes. Among these, a novel private missense C1143F variant in the second intracellular loop of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7, encoded by the SCN9A gene, was identified in one family. Through electrophysiological analysis, we show that NaV1.7C1143F exhibits partial loss-of-function effects, resulting in slower recovery from inactivation and decreased excitability in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, for the same intracellular loop of NaV1.7, we found an excess of rare variants in a case-control variant-burden study. Functional analysis of one of these variants, M932L/V991L, also demonstrated reduced firing in cortical neurons. However, although this variant is rare in Caucasians, it is frequent in Latino population, suggesting that genetic background can alter its effects on phenotype. Although the involvement of the SCN1A and SCN2A genes encoding NaV1.1 and NaV1.2 channels in de novo ASD has previously been demonstrated, our study indicates the involvement of inherited SCN9A variants and partial loss-of-function of NaV1.7 channels in the etiology of rare familial ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubinstein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Patowary
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - I B Stanaway
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E McCord
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R R Nesbitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Archer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Scheuer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W H Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E M Wijsman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA E-mail:
| | - Z Brkanac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Washington, 1959N.E. Pacific Street, Room BB1526, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA. E-mail:
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30
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Berrih-Aknin S, Panse RL, Dragin N. AIRE: a missing link to explain female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1412:21-32. [PMID: 29291257 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases than men. Autoimmunity results from tolerance breakdown toward self-components. Recently, three transcription modulators were identified in medullary thymic epithelial cells that orchestrate immune central tolerance processes: the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), FEZ family zinc finger 2 (FEZF2 or FEZ1), and PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1). Interestingly, these three transcription modulators regulate nonredundant tissue-specific antigen subsets and thus cover broad antigen diversity. Recent data from different groups demonstrated that sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) are involved in the regulation of thymic AIRE expression in humans and mice through direct transcriptional modulation and epigenetic changes. As a consequence, AIRE displays gender-biased thymic expression, with females showing a lower expression compared with males, a finding that could explain the female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. So far, FEZF2 has not been related to an increased gender bias in autoimmune disease. PRDM1 expression has not been shown to display gender-differential thymic expression, but its expression level and its gene polymorphisms are associated with female-dependent autoimmune disease risk. Altogether, various studies have demonstrated that increased female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is in part a consequence of hormone-driven reduced thymic AIRE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- UPMC Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- UPMC Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- UPMC Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
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31
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Patowary A, Nesbitt R, Archer M, Bernier R, Brkanac Z. Next Generation Sequencing Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2017; 10:1338-1343. [PMID: 28419775 PMCID: PMC5573912 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a complex genetic disorder where both de-novo and inherited genetics factors play a role. Next generation sequencing approaches have been extensively used to identify rare variants associated with autism. To date, all such studies were focused on nuclear genome; thereby leaving the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in autism unexplored. Recently, analytical tools have been developed to evaluate mtDNA in whole-exome data. We have analyzed the mtDNA sequence derived from whole-exome sequencing in 10 multiplex families. In one of the families we have identified two variants of interest in MT-ND5 gene that were previously determined to impair mitochondrial function. In addition in a second family we have identified two VOIs; mtDNA variant in MT-ATP6 and nuclear DNA variant in NDUFS4, where both VOIs are within mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex. Our findings provide further support for the role of mitochondria in ASD and confirm that whole-exome sequencing allows for analysis of mtDNA, which sets a stage for further comprehensive genetic investigations of the role of mitochondria in autism. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1338-1343. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Patowary
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ryan Nesbitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marilyn Archer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zoran Brkanac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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32
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Corton M, Avila-Fernández A, Campello L, Sánchez M, Benavides B, López-Molina MI, Fernández-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Alcudia R, da Silva LRJ, Reyes N, Martín-Garrido E, Zurita O, Fernández-San José P, Pérez-Carro R, García-García F, Dopazo J, García-Sandoval B, Cuenca N, Ayuso C. Identification of the Photoreceptor Transcriptional Co-Repressor SAMD11 as Novel Cause of Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35370. [PMID: 27734943 PMCID: PMC5062157 DOI: 10.1038/srep35370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most frequent form of inherited retinal dystrophy is characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration. Many genes have been implicated in RP development, but several others remain to be identified. Using a combination of homozygosity mapping, whole-exome and targeted next-generation sequencing, we found a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in SAMD11 in five individuals diagnosed with adult-onset RP from two unrelated consanguineous Spanish families. SAMD11 is ortholog to the mouse major retinal SAM domain (mr-s) protein that is implicated in CRX-mediated transcriptional regulation in the retina. Accordingly, protein-protein network analysis revealed a significant interaction of SAMD11 with CRX. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed strong expression of SAMD11 in human retina. Immunolocalization studies revealed SAMD11 was detected in the three nuclear layers of the human retina and interestingly differential expression between cone and rod photoreceptors was observed. Our study strongly implicates SAMD11 as novel cause of RP playing an important role in the pathogenesis of human degeneration of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corton
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Avila-Fernández
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Sánchez
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Benavides
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M I López-Molina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Research Institute- Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - R Sánchez-Alcudia
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - L R J da Silva
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Reyes
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Martín-Garrido
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Zurita
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Fernández-San José
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Pérez-Carro
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - F García-García
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BIER), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - J Dopazo
- Computational Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BIER), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Functional Genomics Node (INB), Valencia, Spain
| | - B García-Sandoval
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Research Institute- Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - C Ayuso
- Department of Genetics &Genomics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Jensen P, Persson ME, Wright D, Johnsson M, Sundman AS, Roth LSV. The Genetics of How Dogs Became Our Social Allies. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721416657050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dogs were domesticated from wolves about 15,000 years ago, and an important selection pressure (intentional or unintentional) has been their ability to communicate and cooperate with people. They show extensive human-directed sociability, which varies within as well as between breeds and is not shared by ancestral wolves. Hence, dogs are potentially ideal models for studying the genetics of social behavior. Here, we review some recent research carried out by us and others on this subject. We present results showing that recent selection of different breed types can be used as a model system for investigating the genetic architecture of personalities. Furthermore, we review data showing that human-directed social behavior is significantly related to a small number of genes that have known connections to human social disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. We suggest that dogs are excellent study subjects for analyzing the evolution and genetics of social behavior and can serve as probes for human health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University
| | - Mia E. Persson
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University
| | - Dominic Wright
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University
| | - Martin Johnsson
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University
| | - Ann-Sofie Sundman
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University
| | - Lina S. V. Roth
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University
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34
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Persson ME, Wright D, Roth LSV, Batakis P, Jensen P. Genomic Regions Associated With Interspecies Communication in Dogs Contain Genes Related to Human Social Disorders. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33439. [PMID: 27685260 PMCID: PMC5041581 DOI: 10.1038/srep33439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike their wolf ancestors, dogs have unique social skills for communicating and cooperating with humans. Previously, significant heritabilities for human-directed social behaviors have been found in laboratory beagles. Here, a Genome-Wide Association Study identified two genomic regions associated with dog’s human-directed social behaviors. We recorded the propensity of laboratory beagles, bred, kept and handled under standardized conditions, to initiate physical interactions with a human during an unsolvable problem-task, and 190 individuals were genotyped with an HD Canine SNP-chip. One genetic marker on chromosome 26 within the SEZ6L gene was significantly associated with time spent close to, and in physical contact with, the human. Two suggestive markers on chromosome 26, located within the ARVCF gene, were also associated with human contact seeking. Strikingly, four additional genes present in the same linkage blocks affect social abilities in humans, e.g., SEZ6L has been associated with autism and COMT affects aggression in adolescents with ADHD. This is, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide study presenting candidate genomic regions for dog sociability and inter-species communication. These results advance our understanding of dog domestication and raise the use of the dog as a novel model system for human social disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia E Persson
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lina S V Roth
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petros Batakis
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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35
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Functions of the Alzheimer's Disease Protease BACE1 at the Synapse in the Central Nervous System. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:305-315. [PMID: 27456313 PMCID: PMC5059407 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the protease β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a promising treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease, and a number of BACE inhibitors are currently progressing through clinical trials. The strategy aims to decrease production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), thus reducing or preventing Aβ toxicity. Over the last decade, it has become clear that BACE1 proteolytically cleaves a number of substrates in addition to APP. These substrates are not known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease but have other roles in the developing and/or mature central nervous system. Consequently, BACE inhibition and knockout in mice results in synaptic and other neuronal dysfunctions and the key substrates responsible for these deficits are still being elucidated. Of the BACE1 substrates that have been validated to date, a number may contribute to the synaptic deficits seen with BACE blockade, including neuregulin 1, close homologue of L1 and seizure-related gene 6. It is important to understand the impact that BACE blockade may have on these substrates and other proteins detected in substrate screens and, if necessary, develop substrate-selective BACE inhibitors.
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36
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Genetic Candidate Variants in Two Multigenerational Families with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153864. [PMID: 27120335 PMCID: PMC4847873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a severe and socially debilitating form of speech sound disorder with suspected genetic involvement, but the genetic etiology is not yet well understood. Very few known or putative causal genes have been identified to date, e.g., FOXP2 and BCL11A. Building a knowledge base of the genetic etiology of CAS will make it possible to identify infants at genetic risk and motivate the development of effective very early intervention programs. We investigated the genetic etiology of CAS in two large multigenerational families with familial CAS. Complementary genomic methods included Markov chain Monte Carlo linkage analysis, copy-number analysis, identity-by-descent sharing, and exome sequencing with variant filtering. No overlaps in regions with positive evidence of linkage between the two families were found. In one family, linkage analysis detected two chromosomal regions of interest, 5p15.1-p14.1, and 17p13.1-q11.1, inherited separately from the two founders. Single-point linkage analysis of selected variants identified CDH18 as a primary gene of interest and additionally, MYO10, NIPBL, GLP2R, NCOR1, FLCN, SMCR8, NEK8, and ANKRD12, possibly with additive effects. Linkage analysis in the second family detected five regions with LOD scores approaching the highest values possible in the family. A gene of interest was C4orf21 (ZGRF1) on 4q25-q28.2. Evidence for previously described causal copy-number variations and validated or suspected genes was not found. Results are consistent with a heterogeneous CAS etiology, as is expected in many neurogenic disorders. Future studies will investigate genome variants in these and other families with CAS.
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37
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Yoo H. Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Status and Possible Clinical Applications. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:257-72. [PMID: 26713075 PMCID: PMC4688327 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most complex behavioral disorders with a strong genetic influence. The objectives of this article are to review the current status of genetic research in ASD, and to provide information regarding the potential candidate genes, mutations, and genetic loci possibly related to pathogenesis in ASD. Investigations on monogenic causes of ASD, candidate genes among common variants, rare de novo mutations, and copy number variations are reviewed. The current possible clinical applications of the genetic knowledge and their future possibilities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea
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38
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Huang H, Papaleo F. Genetic modulation of oxytocin's effects in social functioning. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:348. [PMID: 26807403 PMCID: PMC4701519 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.09.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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